257:
969:
467:
from 1977 to 1979; this was India's first non-Congress government. But this government could not run for 5 years and fell in 1979. Fresh
Elections were called in 1980 and Indira's Indian National congress (R) swept the country and defeated the Janata party.
435:
The Janata Party alliance inflicted crushing defeat to Indira's
Congress Party. Nevertheless, the total vote share of Congress (O) in 1977 was almost halved from 1971 and they lost three seats. Later the same year, INC(O) formally merged with the
685:
The split was also an ideological clash between Mrs Gandhi's
Leftist and predominantly pro-Soviet supporters and the conservative,pro-West old guard led by the party bosses
698:
666:
407:
agenda in order to mobilise popular support for the party. The regional party elites, who formed the INC(O), stood for a more right-wing agenda, and distrusted
1261:
1271:
1266:
1352:
129:
1337:
1347:
957:
878:
720:
327:
was expelled from the
Congress party for violating party discipline. The party finally split with Indira Gandhi setting up a rival organisation
1332:
935:
844:
17:
1327:
564:
757:
773:
The right-wing tried to control the party but Mrs Gandhi allied with the centre-left forces and fought back and the party split.
1342:
1213:
888:
854:
786:
730:
1291:
1255:
1276:
950:
408:
1173:
272:
1322:
830:
796:
461:
912:
943:
965:
1301:
1193:
579:
425:
415:
342:
333:
185:
1249:
1218:
1178:
699:"How Gujarat Congress embraced conservatism: The story of MK Gandhi, Indulal Yagnik and Sardar Patel"
671:
605:
102:
1198:
569:
445:
313:
168:
1228:
1042:
1037:
522:
464:
108:
627:
1137:
574:
542:
758:"The 1970s Indian Economy: A Period of Growing Strains and the Nation's Fight Against Poverty"
992:
973:
389:
1281:
1163:
1112:
1022:
987:
482:
361:
87:
8:
1223:
1067:
527:
441:
400:
219:
114:
1092:
1072:
647:
422:
seats, against 44% of the vote and 352 seats for Indira's Indian
National Congress (R).
396:
277:
210:
1183:
1168:
1142:
1062:
884:
850:
826:
792:
726:
651:
437:
385:
267:
243:
1122:
1027:
1002:
639:
547:
502:
377:
134:
1286:
1233:
1032:
1017:
1012:
917:
584:
532:
507:
487:
449:
369:
305:
256:
119:
77:
1097:
1082:
512:
190:
82:
1316:
1203:
1132:
1107:
1102:
1047:
643:
477:
457:
381:
350:
324:
317:
230:
72:
810:... as a result of the split from it of the right-wing Syndicate faction,...
1208:
1087:
1052:
1007:
552:
537:
517:
453:
429:
215:
202:
194:
178:
139:
124:
92:
52:
497:
97:
1296:
1147:
1127:
1077:
492:
67:
997:
419:
365:
346:
418:, the Indian National Congress (O) won about 10% of the vote and 16
1117:
1057:
404:
788:
Split in a
Predominant Party: The Indian National Congress in 1969
373:
880:
THE INC (INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS) A PARTY OF IDEA AND CHANGES
722:
THE INC (INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS) A PARTY OF IDEA AND CHANGES
968:
357:
309:
628:"The Roots and Varieties of Political Conservatism in India"
198:
345:, 446 of its 705 members walked over to Indira's side.
323:On 12 November 1969, the Prime Minister of India
1314:
951:
958:
944:
842:
565:Indian National Congress breakaway parties
329:Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)
1353:Indian National Congress breakaway groups
696:
625:
1338:Political parties disestablished in 1977
744:... the Congress(O) was right-of-centre.
697:Jaffrelot, Christophe (6 October 2017).
395:The split can in some ways be seen as a
1348:Indian National Congress (Organisation)
1189:Indian National Congress (Organisation)
290:Indian National Congress (Organisation)
37:Indian National Congress (Organisation)
14:
1315:
626:Jaffrelot, Christophe (October 2017).
1333:Political parties established in 1969
939:
910:
876:
784:
755:
718:
1292:Maintenance of Internal Security Act
1256:State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain
821:Chandra, Bipan & others (2000).
791:. Abhinav publications. p. 41.
664:
603:
424:In March 1977, the party fought the
1277:Turkman gate demolition and rioting
24:
1328:Defunct political parties in India
1214:People's Union for Civil Liberties
1174:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
904:
849:. Prabhat Prakashan Pvt. Limited.
823:India after Independence 1947-2000
25:
1364:
403:division. Indira wanted to use a
316:split following the expulsion of
967:
353:were the leaders of the INC(O).
255:
911:Singh, Kuldip (11 April 1995).
870:
785:Singh, Mahendra Prasad (1981).
604:Paul, Sudeep (28 August 2020).
836:
815:
778:
749:
712:
690:
658:
619:
597:
13:
1:
1343:Conservative parties in India
1302:Indian general election, 1977
756:Kumar, Arun (10 March 2021).
638:(2). Sage Journals: 205–217.
1194:Indian National Congress (R)
580:All India Trinamool Congress
388:from 1975–1976 during
380:. It was also a part of the
343:All India Congress Committee
331:, which came to be known as
29:Political party in India
18:Indian National Congress (O)
7:
1250:State of Emergency in India
1219:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
825:, New Delhi:Penguin Books,
558:
10:
1369:
974:The Emergency of 1975–1977
846:Sensex of Regional Parties
667:"India democracy on trial"
665:Slee, John (19 May 1970),
632:Studies in Indian Politics
471:
356:INC(O) led governments in
1242:
1179:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1156:
980:
913:"OBITUARY: Morarji Desai"
843:Srivastava, Aaku (2022).
672:The Sydney Morning Herald
606:"Crisis and the Congress"
384:that ruled Gujarat under
263:
254:
249:
236:
226:
209:
184:
174:
164:
156:
148:
103:Hitendra Kanaiyalal Desai
51:
43:
34:
1323:Indian National Congress
1229:Socialist Party of India
1199:Indian National Congress
644:10.1177/2321023017727968
590:
570:Indian National Congress
456:. Congress (O)'s leader
446:Socialist Party of India
1038:Harchand Singh Longowal
523:Satyendra Narayan Sinha
465:Prime Minister of India
452:and others to form the
426:post-Emergency election
211:Political position
109:Satyendra Narayan Sinha
1138:Siddhartha Shankar Ray
575:Bharatiya Janata Party
543:Tribhuvan Narain Singh
993:Basawon Singh (Sinha)
416:1971 general election
1282:Baroda dynamite case
1164:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
1113:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
1023:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
988:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
483:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
428:under the banner of
362:Bhola Paswan Shastri
227:National affiliation
88:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
1224:Shiromani Akali Dal
1068:Jayaprakash Narayan
528:Chandra Bhanu Gupta
442:Bharatiya Jan Sangh
115:Chandra Bhanu Gupta
1093:M. G. Ramachandran
1073:Jivatram Kripalani
877:Nigam, Sk (2024).
719:Nigam, Sk (2024).
1310:
1309:
1184:Dravidar Kazhagam
1169:Bharatiya Lok Dal
1143:Subramanian Swamy
1063:Jagmohanlal Sinha
890:979-8-89233-557-7
856:978-93-5521-236-8
732:979-8-89233-557-7
438:Bharatiya Lok Dal
390:the emergency era
386:Babubhai J. Patel
286:
285:
273:Political parties
268:Politics of India
16:(Redirected from
1360:
1123:Pranab Mukherjee
1028:George Fernandes
1003:C. Achutha Menon
972:
971:
960:
953:
946:
937:
936:
930:
929:
927:
925:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
883:. Notion press.
874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
840:
834:
819:
813:
812:
807:
805:
782:
776:
775:
770:
768:
753:
747:
746:
741:
739:
725:. Notion press.
716:
710:
709:
707:
705:
694:
688:
687:
682:
680:
662:
656:
655:
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
601:
548:Ram Subhag Singh
503:Hitendra K Desai
378:Hitendra K Desai
312:formed when the
259:
242:
175:Merged into
135:Ram Subhag Singh
130:Tribhuvan Narain
111:
32:
31:
21:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1287:Shah Commission
1238:
1234:Swatantra Party
1152:
1033:Hans Raj Khanna
1018:Devakanta Barua
1013:Chandra Shekhar
976:
966:
964:
934:
933:
923:
921:
918:The Independent
909:
905:
895:
893:
891:
875:
871:
861:
859:
857:
841:
837:
820:
816:
803:
801:
799:
783:
779:
766:
764:
754:
750:
737:
735:
733:
717:
713:
703:
701:
695:
691:
678:
676:
663:
659:
624:
620:
610:
608:
602:
598:
593:
585:Aam Aadmi Party
561:
533:P. M. Nadagouda
508:Veerendra Patil
488:S. Nijalingappa
474:
450:Swatantra Party
423:
370:Veerendra Patil
306:political party
282:
250:Election symbol
240:
222:
205:
197:
193:
165:Split from
144:
120:Veerendra Patil
107:
78:S. Nijalingappa
64:
63:
39:
38:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1366:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1272:42nd Amendment
1269:
1267:39th Amendment
1264:
1262:38th Amendment
1259:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
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1201:
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1191:
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1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:M. Karunanidhi
1095:
1090:
1085:
1083:K. Karunakaran
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:H. N. Bahuguna
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
984:
982:
978:
977:
963:
962:
955:
948:
940:
932:
931:
903:
889:
869:
855:
835:
814:
797:
777:
748:
731:
711:
689:
657:
618:
595:
594:
592:
589:
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587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
560:
557:
556:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
513:C. M. Poonacha
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
473:
470:
460:served as the
314:Congress party
292:also known as
284:
283:
281:
280:
275:
270:
264:
261:
260:
252:
251:
247:
246:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
213:
207:
206:
191:Anti-socialism
188:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
143:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
83:C. M. Poonacha
80:
75:
70:
59:
58:
57:
55:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:Janata Morcha
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:Organisations
1155:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Sanjay Gandhi
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Narendra Modi
1106:
1104:
1103:Morarji Desai
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Indira Gandhi
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
983:
981:Personalities
979:
975:
970:
961:
956:
954:
949:
947:
942:
941:
938:
920:
919:
914:
907:
892:
886:
882:
881:
873:
858:
852:
848:
847:
839:
832:
831:0-14-027825-7
828:
824:
818:
811:
800:
798:9788170171409
794:
790:
789:
781:
774:
763:
759:
752:
745:
734:
728:
724:
723:
715:
700:
693:
686:
674:
673:
668:
661:
653:
649:
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641:
637:
633:
629:
622:
607:
600:
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586:
583:
581:
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576:
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571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
478:Morarji Desai
476:
475:
469:
466:
463:
459:
458:Morarji Desai
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
433:
431:
427:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
382:Janata Morcha
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
351:Morarji Desai
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:
330:
326:
325:Indira Gandhi
321:
319:
318:Indira Gandhi
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
262:
258:
253:
248:
245:
239:
235:
232:
231:Janata Morcha
229:
225:
221:
217:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
187:
183:
180:
177:
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167:
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159:
155:
151:
147:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
110:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
73:Morarji Desai
71:
69:
66:
65:
62:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
33:
27:
19:
1254:
1209:Janata Party
1188:
1088:L. K. Advani
1053:Jagjivan Ram
1008:Charan Singh
922:. Retrieved
916:
906:
894:. Retrieved
879:
872:
860:. Retrieved
845:
838:
822:
817:
809:
802:. Retrieved
787:
780:
772:
765:. Retrieved
761:
751:
743:
736:. Retrieved
721:
714:
702:. Retrieved
692:
684:
677:, retrieved
675:, p. 22
670:
660:
635:
631:
621:
609:. Retrieved
599:
553:B. D. Sharma
538:Ashoka Mehta
518:Atulya Ghosh
454:Janata Party
434:
430:Janata Party
413:
394:
355:
338:
334:Congress (R)
332:
328:
322:
302:Old Congress
301:
297:
294:Congress (O)
293:
289:
287:
216:Centre-right
203:Western Bloc
195:Conservatism
179:Janata Party
140:B. D. Sharma
125:Ashoka Mehta
93:Atulya Ghosh
60:
44:Abbreviation
26:
498:S. K. Patil
98:S. K. Patil
1317:Categories
1297:Rajan case
1148:Zail Singh
1128:Raj Narain
1078:K. Kamaraj
704:14 January
611:14 January
493:K. Kamaraj
401:right-wing
349:and later
220:right-wing
68:K. Kamaraj
998:Bansi Lal
652:158365025
420:Lok Sabha
397:left-wing
372:, and in
366:Karnataka
347:K Kamaraj
341:. In the
298:Syndicate
278:Elections
244:Turquoise
157:Dissolved
1118:Niren De
1058:Jagmohan
762:The Wire
559:See also
405:populist
339:Indicate
186:Ideology
924:27 June
896:18 July
862:21 July
833:, p.236
804:18 July
767:18 July
738:18 July
679:18 July
472:Leaders
414:In the
374:Gujarat
237:Colours
149:Founded
61:Leaders
1243:Events
887:
853:
829:
795:
729:
650:
462:fourth
411:help.
409:Soviet
376:under
368:under
360:under
304:was a
241:
53:Leader
47:INC(O)
648:S2CID
591:Notes
358:Bihar
310:India
926:2009
898:2024
885:ISBN
864:2024
851:ISBN
827:ISBN
806:2024
793:ISBN
769:2024
740:2024
727:ISBN
706:2024
681:2024
613:2024
288:The
160:1977
152:1969
640:doi
337:or
308:in
296:or
218:to
199:Pro
169:INC
1319::
915:.
808:.
771:.
760:.
742:.
683:,
669:,
646:.
634:.
630:.
448:,
444:,
440:,
432:.
392:.
364:,
320:.
959:e
952:t
945:v
928:.
900:.
866:.
708:.
654:.
642::
636:5
615:.
399:/
300:/
201:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
