Indian peafowl - Knowledge

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curled. The fan-shaped crest on the head is made of feathers with bare black shafts and tipped with bluish-green webbing. A white stripe above the eye and a crescent shaped white patch below the eye are formed by bare white skin. The sides of the head have iridescent greenish blue feathers. The back has scaly bronze-green feathers with black and copper markings. The scapular and the wings are buff and barred in black, the primaries are chestnut and the secondaries are black. The tail is dark brown and the "train" is made up of elongated upper tail coverts (more than 200 feathers, the actual tail has only 20 feathers) and nearly all of these feathers end with an elaborate eye-spot. A few of the outer feathers lack the spot and end in a crescent shaped black tip. The underside is dark glossy green shading into blackish under the tail. The thighs are buff coloured. The male has a spur on the leg above the hind toe.

304:, which bear colourful eyespots. These stiff feathers are raised into a fan and quivered in a display during courtship. Despite the length and size of these covert feathers, the Indian peacock is still capable of flight. The peahen lacks the train, has a white face, iridescent green lower neck and dull brown plumage. The Indian peafowl lives mainly on the ground in open forest or on land under cultivation where it forages for berries and grains, and also prey on snakes, lizards and small rodents. Its loud calls make it easy to detect, and in forest areas often indicate the presence of a predator. It forages on the ground in small groups and usually escapes on foot through undergrowth and avoids flying, though it flies into tall trees to roost. 968:

there is little variation in the number of eyespots in adult males. It is rare for adult males to lose a significant number of eyespots. Therefore, females' selection might depend on other sexual traits of males' trains. The quality of train is an honest signal of the condition of males; peahens do select males on the basis of their plumage. A recent study on a natural population of Indian peafowls in the Shivalik area of India has proposed a "high maintenance handicap" theory. It states that only the fittest males can afford the time and energy to maintain a long tail. Therefore, the long train is an indicator of good body condition, which results in greater mating success. While train length seems to correlate positively with

559: 678: 1323: 953: 1176: 40: 964:: they raise the feathers into a fan and quiver them. However, recent studies have failed to find a relation between the number of displayed eyespots and mating success. Marion Petrie tested whether or not these displays signaled a male's genetic quality by studying a feral population of peafowl in Whipsnade Wildlife Park in southern England. She showed that the number of eyespots in the train predicted a male's mating success, and this success could be manipulated by cutting the eyespots off some of the male's ornate feathers. 693:. In the Indian subcontinent, it is found mainly below an elevation of 1,800 m (5,900 ft) and in rare cases seen at about 2,000 m (6,600 ft). It is found in moist and dry-deciduous forests, but can adapt to live in cultivated regions and around human habitations and is usually found where water is available. In many parts of northern India, they are protected by religious practices and will forage around villages and towns for scraps. Some have suggested that the peacock was introduced into 579: 111: 1000:, showed little variance across male populations, and, based on physiological data collected from this group of peafowl, do not correlate to male physical conditions. Adeline Loyau and her colleagues responded to Takahashi's study by voicing concern that alternative explanations for these results had been overlooked, and that these might be essential for the understanding of the complexity of mate choice. They concluded that female choice might indeed vary in different ecological conditions. 1208: 1024: 1291:

India is that the peacock does not copulate with the peahen but that she is impregnated by other means. The stories vary and include the idea that the peacock looks at its ugly feet and cries whereupon the tears are fed on by the peahen causing it to be orally impregnated while other variants incorporate sperm transfer from beak to beak. Similar ideas have also been ascribed to Indian crow species. In Greek mythology the origin of the peacock's plumage is explained in the tale of

1013: 58: 618:(1809–1882) presented firm evidence for it being a variety under domestication, which treatment is now well established and accepted. It being a colour variation rather than a wild species was important for Darwin to prove, as otherwise it could undermine his theory of slow modification by natural selection in the wild. It is, however, only a case of genetic variation within the population. In this mutation, the adult male is melanistic with black wings. Young birds with the 235: 482: 86: 868: 841:

from any green or blue pigments but from the micro-structure of the feathers and the resulting optical phenomena. The long train feathers (and tarsal spurs) of the male develop only after the second year of life. Fully developed trains are found in birds older than four years. In northern India, these begin to develop each February and are moulted at the end of August. The moult of the flight feathers may be spread out across the year.

4564: 4492: 663: 1377:, and is the subject of several folktales and songs in Yiddish. Peacocks are frequently used in European heraldry. Heraldic peacocks are most often depicted as facing the viewer and with their tails displayed. In this pose, the peacock is referred to as being "in his pride". Peacock tails, in isolation from the rest of the bird, are rare in British heraldry, but see frequent use in German systems. 832:, along with 213 tRNAs, 236 snoRNAs, and 540 miRNAs. The peacock genome was found to have less repetitive DNA (8.62%) than that of the chicken genome (9.45%). PSMC analysis suggested that the peacock suffered at least two bottlenecks (around four million years ago and again 450,000 years ago), which resulted in a severe reduction in its effective population size. 926:, who wrote that Thayer had only managed to paint the peacock's plumage as camouflage by sleight of hand, "with the blue sky showing through the leaves in just sufficient quantity here and there to warrant the author-artists explaining that the wonderful blue hues of the peacock's neck are obliterative because they make it fade into the sky." 1199:

damage plants, attack their reflections (thereby breaking glass and mirrors), perch and scratch cars or leave their droppings. Many cities where they have been introduced and gone feral have peafowl management programmes. These include educating citizens on how to prevent the birds from causing damage while treating the birds humanely.

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at the roost, many population studies are made at these sites. The population structure is not well understood. In a study in northern India (Jodhpur), the number of males was 170–210 for 100 females but a study involving evening counts at the roost site in southern India (Injar) suggested a ratio of 47 males for 100 females.

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coverts into an arched fan. The wings are held half open and drooped and it periodically vibrates the long feathers, producing a ruffling sound. The cock faces the hen initially and struts and prances around and sometimes turns around to display the tail. Males may also freeze over food to invite a female in a form of

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Poaching of peacocks for their meat and feathers and accidental poisoning by feeding on pesticide treated seeds are known threats to wild birds. Methods to identify if feathers have been plucked or have been shed naturally have been developed, as Indian law allows only the collection of feathers that

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Peafowl forage on the ground in small groups, known as musters, that usually have a cock and 3 to 5 hens. After the breeding season, the flocks tend to be made up only of females and young. They are found in the open early in the mornings and tend to stay in cover during the heat of the day. They are

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is slightly lighter in body mass despite the male having a longer train on average than the male of the Indian species. Their size, colour and shape of crest make them unmistakable within their native distribution range. The male is metallic blue on the crown, the feathers of the head being short and

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In Buddhist philosophy, the peacock represents wisdom. Peacock feathers are used in many rituals and ornamentation. Peacock motifs are widespread in Indian temple architecture, old coinage, textiles and continue to be used in many modern items of art and utility. A folk belief found in many parts of

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Peafowl are omnivorous and eat seeds, insects (including termites), worms, fruits, small mammals, frogs, and reptiles (such as lizards). They feed on small snakes but keep their distance from larger ones. In the Gir forest of Gujarat, a large percentage of their food is made up of the fallen berries

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The peak season in southern India is April to May, January to March in Sri Lanka and June in northern India. The nest is a shallow scrape in the ground lined with leaves, sticks and other debris. Nests are sometimes placed on buildings and, in earlier times, have been recorded using the disused nest

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species is actually the least ornamented one. This finding suggests a chase-away sexual selection, in which "females evolve resistance to male ploys". A study in Japan goes on to conclude that the "peacocks' train is an obsolete signal for which female preference has already been lost or weakened".

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Peafowl roost in groups during the night on tall trees but may sometimes make use of rocks, buildings or pylons. In the Gir forest, they chose tall trees in steep river banks. Birds arrive at dusk and call frequently before taking their position on the roost trees. Due to this habit of congregating

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Peafowl are best known for the male's extravagant display feathers which, despite actually growing from their back, are thought of as a tail. The "train" is in reality made up of the enormously elongated upper tail coverts. The tail itself is brown and short as in the peahen. The colours result not

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usage of the 1850s, to peacock meant making visits to ladies and gentlemen in the morning. In the 1890s, the term "peacocking" in Australia referred to the practice of buying up the best pieces of land ("picking the eyes") so as to render the surrounding lands valueless. The English word "peacock"

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Indian peafowl are widely distributed in the wild across South Asia and protected both culturally in many areas and by law in India. Conservative estimates of the population put them at more than 100,000. Illegal poaching for meat, however, continues and declines have been noted in parts of India.

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A 2013 study that tracked the eye movements of peahens responding to male displays found that they looked in the direction of the upper train of feathers only when at long distances and that they looked only at the lower feathers when males displayed close to them. The rattling of the tail and the

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In parts of India, the birds can be a nuisance to agriculture as they damage crops. Its adverse effects on crops, however, seem to be offset by the beneficial role it plays by consuming prodigious quantities of pests such as grasshoppers. They can also be a problem in gardens and homes where they

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site and these males are often closely related. Males at leks appear to maintain small territories next to each other and they allow females to visit them and make no attempt to guard harems. Females do not appear to favour specific males. The males display in courtship by raising the upper-tail

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proposes positive feedback between female preference for elaborate trains and the elaborate train itself. This model assumes that the male train is a relatively recent evolutionary adaptation. However, a molecular phylogeny study on peacock-pheasants shows the opposite; the most recently evolved

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Although the removal of eyespots makes males less successful in mating, eyespot removal substantially changes the appearance of male peafowls. It is likely that females mistake these males for sub-adults, or perceive that the males are physically damaged. Moreover, in a feral peafowl population,

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Peafowl produce loud calls especially in the breeding season. They may call at night when alarmed and neighbouring birds may call in a relay like series. Nearly seven different call variants have been identified in the peacocks apart from six alarm calls that are commonly produced by both sexes.

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The adult peahen has a rufous-brown head with a crest as in the male but the tips are chestnut edged with green. The upper body is brownish with pale mottling. The primaries, secondaries and tail are dark brown. The lower neck is metallic green and the breast feathers are dark brown glossed with

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However, some disagreement has arisen in recent years concerning whether or not female peafowl do indeed select males with more ornamented trains. In contrast to Petrie's findings, a seven-year Japanese study of free-ranging peafowl came to the conclusion that female peafowl do not select mates

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Peacocks are a larger sized bird with a length from bill to tail of 100 to 115 cm (39 to 45 in) and to the end of a fully grown train as much as 195 to 225 cm (77 to 89 in) and weigh 4–6 kg (8.8–13.2 lb). The females, or peahens, are smaller at around 95 cm

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diversity in males, females do not appear to use train length to choose males. A study in Japan also suggests that peahens do not choose peacocks based on their ornamental plumage, including train length, number of eyespots and train symmetry. Another study in France brings up two possible

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Cultivated plants and domesticated animals in their migration from Asia to Europe: historico-linguistic studies Volume 7 of Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series I, Amsterdam classics in

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The earliest usage of the word in written English is from around 1300 and spelling variants include pecok, pekok, pecokk, peacocke, peacock, pyckock, poucock, pocok, pokok, pokokke, and poocok among others. The current spelling was established in the late 17th century.

1283:, sheltered under the wing of peacock and later blessed it with a "thousand eyes" and fearlessness from serpents. Another story has Indra who after being cursed with a thousand ulcers was transformed into a peacock with a thousand eyes and this curse was removed by 646:) produce a stable hybrid called a "Spalding", named after Mrs. Keith Spalding, a bird fancier in California. There can be problems if birds of unknown pedigree are released into the wild, as the viability of such hybrids and their offspring is often reduced (see 622:

mutation are creamy white with fulvous-tipped wings. The gene produces melanism in the male and in the peahen it produces a dilution of colour with creamy white and brown markings. Other forms include the pied and white mutations, all of which are the result of

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and follow the mother around after hatching. Downy young may sometimes climb on their mothers' back and the female may carry them in flight to a safe tree branch. An unusual instance of a male incubating a clutch of eggs has been reported.

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Kimball, R.T.; Braun, E.L.; Ligon, J.D.; Lucchini, V.; Randi, E. (2001). "A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes: Polyplectron spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours".

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uses a stylized peacock as a legacy of its early introduction of color television, alluding to the brilliant color of a peacock, and continues to promote the bird as a trademark of its broadcasting and streaming services.

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Peafowl breed readily in captivity and as free-ranging ornamental fowl. Zoos, parks, bird-fanciers and dealers across the world maintain breeding populations that do not need to be augmented by the capture of wild birds.

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season and may be delivered in alarm or when disturbed by loud noises. In forests, their calls often indicate the presence of a predators such as the tiger. They also make many other calls such as a rapid series of

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These birds were often kept in menageries and as ornaments in large gardens and estates. In medieval times, knights in Europe took a "Vow of the Peacock" and decorated their helmets with its plumes. In several

981:. The second explanation suggests that "the cost of trait expression may vary with environmental conditions," so that a trait that is indicative of a particular quality may not work in another environment. 522:

green. The remaining underparts are whitish. Downy young are pale buff with a dark brown mark on the nape that connects with the eyes. Young males look like the females but the wings are chestnut coloured.

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regularly prey upon peafowls as adult peafowls are difficult to catch since they can usually escape ground predators by flying into trees. They are also sometimes hunted by large birds of prey such as the

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Chourasia, Pooja, et al. "Food habits of golden jackal (Canis aureus) and striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India." World Journal of Zoology 7.2 (2012): 106-112.

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explanations for the conflicting results that exist. The first explanation is that there might be a genetic variation of the trait of interest under different geographical areas due to a

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have been documented. Peafowl were said to keep an area free of snakes. In 1526, the legal issue as to whether peacocks were wild or domestic fowl was thought sufficiently important for

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Gurjar, Raju Lal, Ramesh Pratap Singh, and Ashok Mishra. "Density of the Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus in Satpura Tiger Reserve, India." Journal homepage: www. wesca. net 8.1 (2013).

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solely on the basis of their trains. Mariko Takahashi found no evidence that peahens expressed any preference for peacocks with more elaborate trains (such as trains having more

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Foraging in groups provides some safety as there are more eyes to look out for predators. They also roost on high tree tops to avoid terrestrial predators, especially leopards.

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fond of dust-bathing and at dusk, groups walk in single file to a favourite waterhole to drink. When disturbed, they usually escape by running and rarely take to flight.

508: 1060:. Males may display even in the absence of females. When a male is displaying, females do not appear to show any interest and usually continue their foraging. 3707: 2313: 1232:, has enjoyed a fabled place in India since and is frequently depicted in temple art, mythology, poetry, folk music and traditions. A Sanskrit derivation of 1092:. They also feed on tree and flower buds, petals, grain, and grass and bamboo shoots. Around cultivated areas, peafowl feed on a wide range of crops such as 2678:

Ros, Albert; Correia, Maria; Wingfield, John; Oliveira, Rui (2009). "Mounting an immune response correlates with decreased androgen levels in male peafowl,

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of having a large and costly train. However, the mechanism may be less straightforward than it seems – the cost could arise from depression of the

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van Grouw, H. & Dekkers, W. 2023. The taxonomic history of Black-shouldered Peafowl; with Darwin’s help downgraded from species to variation.

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as he failed to see an adaptive advantage for the extravagant tail which seemed only to be an encumbrance. Darwin developed a second principle of

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Hayward, M. W., W. Jędrzejewski, and B. Jedrzejewska. "Prey preferences of the tiger P anthera tigris." Journal of Zoology 286.3 (2012): 221-231.

614:)) and was a topic of some interest during Darwin's time. Others had doubts about its taxonomic status, but the English naturalist and biologist 2113: 8073: 996:), a more symmetrical arrangement, or a greater length. Takahashi determined that the peacock's train was not the universal target of female 4458: 490:(37 in) in length and weigh 2.75–4 kg (6.1–8.8 lb). Indian peafowl are among the largest and heaviest representatives of the 8199: 897:

to resolve the problem, though in the prevailing intellectual trends of Victorian Britain, the theory failed to gain widespread attention.

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their fitness in proportion to the splendour of their trains. Despite extensive study, opinions remain divided on the mechanisms involved.

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by 450 BCE and may have been introduced even earlier. It has since been introduced in many other parts of the world and has become

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Takahashi, M.; Arita, H.; Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M.; Hasegawa, T. (2008). "Peahens do not prefer peacocks with more elaborate trains".

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In captivity, birds have been known to live for 23 years but it is estimated that they live for only about 15 years in the wild.

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In the 1970s a possible resolution to the apparent contradiction between natural selection and sexual selection was proposed.

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Prominent in many cultures, the peacock has been used in numerous iconic representations, including being designated the

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Somes, RG Jr.; Burger, R. E. (1993). "Inheritance of the White and Pied Plumage Color Patterns in the Indian Peafowl (

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The ornate train is believed to be the result of sexual selection by the females. Males use their ornate trains in a

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Loyau, A.; Petrie, M.; Jalme, M.S.; Sorci, G. (2008). "Do peahens not prefer peacocks with more elaborate trains?".

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The function of the Indian peacock's elaborate train has been debated for over a century. In the 19th century,

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Takahashi M; Hasegawa, T (2008). "Seasonal and diurnal use of eight different call types by Indian peafowl (

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Flower, M.S.S. (1938). "The duration of life in animals – IV. Birds: special notes by orders and families".

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Yorzinski, Jessica L.; Patricelli, Gail L.; Babcock, Jason S.; Pearson, John M.; Platt, Michael L. (2013).

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for kill and said to mean "killer of snakes". It is also likely that the Sanskrit term is a borrowing from

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Emeneau, M.B (1943). "Studies in the Folk-Tales of India: I: Some Origin Stories of the Todas and Kotas".

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warriors and the flesh of the bird was said to cure snake venom and many other maladies. Numerous uses in

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The colours of the peacock and the contrast with the much duller peahen were a puzzle to early thinkers.

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or by humans in some areas (southern Tamil Nadu) for folk remedies involving the use of "peacock oil".

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has come to be used to describe a man who is very proud or gives a lot of attention to his clothing.

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stories, the titular archer uses arrows fletched with peacock feathers. Feathers were buried with

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Dakin, R; Montgomerie, R (2011). "Peahens prefer peacocks displaying more eyespots, but rarely".

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Rands, M.R.M.; Ridley, M.W.; Lelliott, A.D. (1984). "The social organization of feral peafowl".

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Sahajpal, V.; Goyal, S.P. (2008). "Identification of shed or plucked origin of Indian Peafowl (

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Marien, Daniel (1951). "Notes on some pheasants from southwestern Asia, with remarks on molt".

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to summon all the English judges to give their opinion, which was that they are domestic fowl.

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There are several colour mutations of Indian peafowl. These very rarely occur in the wild, but

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A white peafowl that is maintained by selective breeding in many parks such as this one at the

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Shrivastava AB, Nair NR, Awadhiya RP, Katiyar AK (1992). "Traumatic ventriculitis in Peacock (

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which are incubated only by the female. The eggs take about 28 days to hatch. The chicks are

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Somes, RG Jr.; R. E. Burger (1991). "Plumage Color Inheritance of the Indian Blue Peafowl (

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Roosevelt, Theodore (1911). "Revealing and concealing coloration in birds and mammals".

2253: 1997: 1403: 914:, denying the possibility of sexual selection and arguing that essentially all forms of 874:

in his "Peacock in the Woods" (1907) suggested that the function of the ornate tail was

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Alexander JP (1983). "Probable diazinon poisoning in peafowl: a clinical description".

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The first whole-genome sequencing of Indian peafowl identified a total of 15,970

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on Protection Island, Jefferson County, Washington, USA. Pavo 34(1&2):23–31.

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Arviazhagan, C.; Arumugam, R.; Thiyagesan, K. (2007). "Food habits of leopard (

1799: 1296: 1154: 974: 891:"sight of a feather in a peacock's tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick!" 882: 717: 615: 438: 426:

was raised and influenced by peacock farmers, was named after the terminology.

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Pheasant, partridges and grouse, including buttonquails, sandgrouse and allies

2695: 2380: 19:"Common peacock" redirects here. For the butterfly with this common name, see 8193: 8034: 7644: 7334: 7260: 6518: 6502: 6467: 5441: 5170: 5095: 5026: 4542: 4510: 2526:

The mating mind : how sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature

1847: 1412: 1219: 1207: 1184: 1133: 1116:. In the countryside, it is particularly partial to crops and garden plants. 978: 942: 829: 713: 635: 499: 419: 387:(1343–1400) used the word to refer to a proud and ostentatious person in his 366: 339: 335: 286: 221: 95: 90: 3994: 2095: 1023: 8013: 7818: 7314: 7105: 6961: 6637: 6601: 6135: 5835: 5740: 5571: 5457: 5406: 5371: 5242: 5232: 5085: 4962: 4887: 4689: 4580: 3814: 3693: 3000: 2936: 2868: 2025: 1354: 1105: 1012: 930: 765: 320: 57: 4374: 4353: 3845:

Early Loan Words in Western Central Asia: Substrates, Migrations and Trade

3646: 3638: 2803: 8047: 7982: 7827: 7214: 7095: 7006: 6916: 6746: 6592: 6567: 6483: 6442: 6158: 5492: 5223: 5198: 5104: 4997: 4796: 4780: 4750: 4258:

Galusha, JG; Hill, LM (1996) A study of the behaviour of Indian Peacocks

2921: 2704: 2238:"Light as a Feather: Structural Elements Give Peacock Plumes Their Color" 1701:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 123–126. 1374: 997: 809: 606:

mutation was initially considered as a subspecies of the Indian peafowl (

495: 491: 182: 172: 162: 8124: 4446: 2841:

Hale, M.L.; Verduijn, M.H.; Moller, A.P.; Wolff, K.; Petrie, M. (2009).

2639:

Zahavi, Amotz; Avishag Zahavi, Amir Balaban, Melvin Patrick Ely (1999).

8171: 7974: 7515: 7294: 7244: 7234: 7170: 6871: 6846: 6433: 6398: 6089: 6056: 6044: 5675: 5620: 5581: 5277: 5161: 5147: 5046: 4848: 4636: 4452: 2982: 2840: 2309: 2140: 1946: 1664:

The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Volume 5

1335: 1304: 1259:

is often depicted with a feather in his headband, while worshippers of

1252: 1073: 919: 875: 785: 737: 481: 234: 3979: 3821:. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. p. 40. 2262: 2237: 904:

tried to show, from his own imagination, the value of the eyespots as

793: 7435: 7350: 6375: 5775: 5533: 5397: 4858: 4029:"The archaeological record of domesticated and tamed birds in Sweden" 3708:"La Canada, California, City Council, Peafowl Management Plan Update" 3392: 2967:"Through their eyes: selective attention in peahens during courtship" 2349: 1264: 805: 797: 789: 761: 690: 603: 122: 7987: 7789: 4335:

Sharma, IK (1972). "Etude ecologique de la reproduction de la paon (

3594:(Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae): keeping the common species common" 2624: 2301: 2132: 1929: 867: 7948: 7812: 7490: 7285: 7205: 6458: 6388: 6112: 5056: 4897: 4768: 4288:

Rao, MS; Zaki, S; Ganesh, T (1981). "Colibacillosis in a Peacock".

3971: 2768: 2562: 2549:

Boynton, Mary Fuertes (1952). "Abbott Thayer and Natural History".

2221: 2208: 1343: 1229: 1088: 1069: 886: 773: 749: 741: 733: 591: 466: 403: 142: 4563: 3068: 1051:

at the age of 2 to 3 years old. Several males may congregate at a

7881: 5890: 5810: 5362: 5258: 4809: 4400:

Sharma, IK (1981). "Adaptations and commensality of the Peafowl (

2964: 1366: 1256: 1145: 1125: 1113: 1036: 1004:

shaking of the wings helped in keeping the attention of females.

946: 813: 757: 666: 587: 534: 270: 267: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 2954:(Fourth ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 179–222. 2445: 662: 7868: 5630: 5432: 5315: 5151: 4762: 4697: 3104: 1339: 1300: 1284: 1280: 1109: 1097: 1093: 817: 777: 753: 745: 729: 725: 702: 694: 624: 388: 319:, is widely but not universally accepted. In the 20th century, 132: 4719: 4416: 1618:(4th ed.). Gurney and Jackson, London. pp. 401–410. 8145: 7943: 4819: 4491: 3335: 3261: 2401: 1667:(2nd ed.). Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 282–284. 1642:

The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds

1276: 1260: 1141: 1137: 1129: 1028: 781: 769: 706: 411: 375:

in 1758 assigned to the Indian peafowl the technical name of

347: 4318:

Sharma, IK (1970). "Analyse ecologique des parades du paon (

3039: 2810:

Linn. 1758 During the Mating Period in a Natural Population"

1578: 1326:

A peacock or in his pride, on a field azure, on the arms of

4774: 3139: 2949: 2882: 2880: 2878: 1645:. Vol. 4. Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 681–70. 1292: 602:

has made them common in captivity. The black-shouldered or

407: 152: 3475: 2641:

The handicap principle: a missing piece of Darwin's puzzle

1860: 1211:

Kartikeya with his consorts riding a peacock, painting by

908:

in a 1907 painting. He used the painting in his 1909 book

2045:, Linnaeus in the neighbourhood of Simla, N.W. Himalayas" 1980:

Leimu, R.; Fischer, M. (2010). Bruun, Hans Henrik (ed.).

1829: 1381: 1308: 1158: 4069:"Letter from the Desk of David Challinor, November 2001" 3518: 2875: 4383:

Sharma, IK (1974). "Notes ecologique sur le paon bleu,

4287: 4119: 4101:

The King's Cardinal: The rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey

3667: 2804:

Harikrishnan, S.; Vasudevan, K.; Sivakumar, K. (2010).

1730: 4243:

https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft

2726: 2362: 1982:"Between-Population Outbreeding Affects Plant Defence" 1401: 4301:

Sharma, IK (1969). "Habitat et comportment du Pavon (

3587: 3405:) in a tropical dry thorn forest of southern India". 2548: 2528:(1st Anchor Books ed.). New York: Anchor Books. 2196:. Agricultural Protection Board of Western Australia. 1930:"Sex ratio and unisexual sterility in hybrid animals" 5124: 685:

The Indian peafowl is a resident breeder across the

453:) has been said to have been derived from the Tamil 311:

found it a puzzle, hard to explain through ordinary

3893: 2610: 2484: 1263:associate the bird as the steed of the God of war, 1255:. Many Hindu deities are associated with the bird, 3432: 3228: 3017:. Rolling Hills Wildlife Adventure. Archived from 2613:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2279:"Ecological Studies of the Plumes of the Peacock ( 1733:"The ecology and behaviour of the Indian Peafowl ( 1584:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 263. 1547: 1267:(also known as Skanda or Murugan). A story in the 922:. He was roundly criticised in a lengthy paper by 3572: 2038: 1696: 1427:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679435A92814454.en 8191: 4122:A dictionary of slang and unconventional English 1068:. The clutch consists of 4–8 fawn to buff white 533:. The frequency of calling increases before the 4354:"Ecological studies of biomass of the Peafowl ( 3841: 3756:"Living with peafowl. City of Dunedin, Florida" 3560:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 3557: 3300: 3040:Petrie, M.; Krupa, A. & Burke, T. (1999). 2950:Davies, N.B.; Krebs, J.R.; West, S.A. (2012). 2337: 1834:): Blue, Black-Shouldered, Cameo, and Oaten". 1611: 1525:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 11, 26, 139. 712:The Indian peafowl has been introduced to the 473:and is associated with the killing of snakes. 433:and was related to the Persian "tavus" (as in 379:(means "crested peafowl" in classical Latin). 4735: 4474: 4447:First recorded breeding in the wild in Africa 4241:, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, 246-247, 4009: 3880:Ramavijaya (The mythological history of Rama) 3778: 3407:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 3239:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 2587:Invisible: The Dangerous Allure of the Unseen 2077: 2049:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 1810: 1522:Peacock in Indian art, thought and literature 418:. It is debated that the nomenclature of the 292:The Indian peafowl displays a marked form of 4265:Ganguli, U (1965) A Peahen nests on a roof. 3957: 3624: 3521:"Group size and vigilance in Indian Peafowl 2663:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2487:"Activity patterns in a colony of Peafowls ( 1979: 1800:https://doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v143i1.2023.a7 1796:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1772:"On the black-shouldered peafowl of Latham ( 1638: 1518: 1451:An etymological dictionary of modern English 285:, although both sexes are often referred to 3992: 2583: 2446:Parasharya, BM; Mukherjee, Aeshita (1999). 2191: 2111: 1921: 1894: 1699:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan 1545: 911:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom 657: 546:. They often emit an explosive low-pitched 4742: 4728: 4481: 4467: 4399: 4382: 4351: 4334: 4317: 4300: 2276: 1890: 1888: 1769: 1660: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1447: 1170: 233: 84: 56: 38: 5579: 4794: 4373: 4176:"A Peacock's Dream: Introducing In geveb" 4074:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from 4026: 3876: 3609: 3590:"On the current status of Indian Peafowl 3205: 3183:"Unusual breeding site of Indian Peafowl" 3142:"Courtship Feeding in Gallinaceous Birds" 2990: 2925:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2858: 2825: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2703: 2604: 2261: 2220: 2015: 2005: 1425: 1299:. The main figure of the Yazidi religion 1144:can ambush adult peafowls. However, only 6042: 5093: 4856: 4206:"The Golden Peacock | Jewish Folk Songs" 4016:. George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London. 3960:Journal of the American Oriental Society 3883:. Bombay: Dubhashi & Co. p. 14. 3672:) tail feathers: Preliminary findings". 3336:Trivedi, Pranav; Johnsingh, AJT (1995). 3180: 2577: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2402:Trivedi, Pranav; Johnsingh, AJT (1996). 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1474: 1321: 1222:of India in 1963. The peacock, known as 1206: 1174: 1022: 1011: 951: 866: 835: 701:, while others say the bird had reached 689:and inhabits the drier lowland areas of 676: 661: 577: 557: 553: 505: 480: 281:, and female peafowl are referred to as 6373: 5054: 4453:Article with video about Indian peafowl 4443:from the BBC archive on Wildlife Finder 3928: 3781:"Folklore of birds and beasts of India" 2206: 2107: 2105: 1927: 1885: 1598: 1579:Hehn, Victor; James P. Mallory (1976). 1475:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1 January 2016). 1373:) is considered by some as a symbol of 8192: 4228: 3858:from the original on 16 September 2012 3813: 3282:from the original on 25 September 2022 3140:Stokes, A.W.; Williams, H. W. (1971). 2755: 2523: 2448:"Roosting behaviour of Indian Peafowl 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1656: 1654: 1652: 361: 7794: 7793: 6372: 6041: 4793: 4723: 4462: 4274:Prakash, M (1968) Mating of Peacocks 4156:from the original on 8 September 2010 4013:Secret sects of Syria and the Lebanon 3476:Tehsin, Raza; Tehsin, Fatema (1990). 2434: 2173:from the original on 12 November 2022 2080:"The birds of Old English literature" 2059:from the original on 16 February 2019 1961:from the original on 28 November 2019 1879:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111277 1715: 1554:. Chatto and Windus, London. p. 1514: 1512: 1510: 590:mutation is commonly mistaken for an 457:but sometimes traced to the Egyptian 8112:5ef59b86-b1e8-4831-a7d6-6d6ca540ee47 4817: 3932:Faune populaire de la France. Tome 6 3500:from the original on 14 October 2018 2404:"Roost selection by Indian Peafowl ( 2235: 2102: 1495:from the original on 13 October 2023 1119: 823: 465:the word for peacock is "tavas". In 8200:IUCN Red List least concern species 3939:from the original on 11 August 2017 3519:Yasmin, Shahla; Yahya, HSA (2000). 3162:from the original on 4 January 2014 2952:Introduction to Behavioural Ecology 2160: 1903:. Reaktion Books, London. pp. 1671: 1649: 1413:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1395: 1247:(whence the Tamil word for peacock 856: 13: 4562: 4252: 4216:from the original on 29 March 2017 4120:Partridge, E; Beale, Paul (2002). 3896:"Symbolism of Animals in Buddhism" 3795:from the original on 2 August 2020 3539:from the original on 2 August 2020 3457:from the original on 2 August 2020 3356:from the original on 2 August 2020 3317:from the original on 2 August 2020 3249:from the original on 2 August 2020 2505:from the original on 2 August 2020 2466:from the original on 2 August 2020 2422:from the original on 2 August 2020 2319:from the original on 20 March 2014 2041:"Occurrence of the Common Peafowl 1751:from the original on 2 August 2020 1731:Johnsingh, AJT; Murali, S (1978). 1632: 1507: 14: 8236: 4434: 3276:"Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl)" 3086:from the original on 22 July 2011 2084:The Journal of Germanic Philology 1811:Seth-Smith, D (1940). "Peafowl". 1478:Chandragupta Maurya and His Times 949:that enhance feather development. 525:The most common calls are a loud 4490: 4186:from the original on 4 June 2019 3910:from the original on 29 May 2010 3588:Ramesh, K.; McGowan, P. (2009). 2860:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01746.x 2167:www.east-northamptonshire.gov.uk 1615:Popular handbook of Indian birds 1380:The American television network 562:Black-shouldered Indian Peafowl 334:The Indian peafowl is listed as 300:made up of elongated upper-tail 109: 7782:185 living species in 32 genera 4749: 4198: 4168: 4138: 4113: 4093: 4061: 4020: 4003: 3986: 3951: 3922: 3887: 3870: 3835: 3807: 3772: 3748: 3724: 3700: 3661: 3618: 3581: 3566: 3551: 3512: 3469: 3426: 3417: 3386: 3377: 3368: 3329: 3294: 3222: 3199: 3174: 3133: 3098: 3033: 3007: 2971:Journal of Experimental Biology 2958: 2943: 2915: 2847:Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2834: 2797: 2720: 2671: 2632: 2542: 2517: 2478: 2395: 2356: 2331: 2270: 2229: 2200: 2185: 2154: 2071: 2032: 1973: 1854: 1823: 1804: 1788: 1763: 1402:BirdLife International (2016). 642:) and a female Indian peafowl ( 610:) (or even a separate species ( 494:. So far as is known, only the 429:The Greek word for peacock was 327:, and that males were honestly 6657:Bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant 4404:) in the Indian Thar Desert". 3999:. HF & G Witherby, London. 3208:"Peahens flying up with young" 1572: 1539: 1468: 1441: 1027:Peahen with three chicks near 681:female with chick in Sri Lanka 476: 1: 5512:Columbian sharp-tailed grouse 3996:The cult of the peacock angel 3525:(Linn.), Family: Phasianidae" 3342:Linn. in Gir Forest, Gujarat" 3119:10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80159-1 2901:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.10.004 2783:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.07.021 2741:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.03.016 2590:. Random House. p. 239. 2194:Introduced Birds of the World 1388: 1202: 1181:Indira Gandhi Zoological Park 572:Naturalis Biodiversity Center 6528:Chestnut-necklaced partridge 4239:A Complete Guide to Heraldry 4150:Cambridge English Dictionary 3894:Choskyi, Ven. Jampa (1988). 3732:"East Northamptonshire plan" 3686:10.1016/j.scijus.2007.08.002 3573:Madge S; McGowan, P (2002). 2814:The Open Ornithology Journal 2806:"Behavior of Indian Peafowl 2629:The quote is on pp. 123–124. 2584:Philip Ball (31 July 2014). 2485:Navaneethakannan, K (1984). 2007:10.1371/journal.pone.0012614 1697:Ali, S; Ripley, S D (1980). 1315:television networks and the 323:argued that the train was a 7: 8225:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 6187:Chestnut-breasted partridge 4982:Szechenyi's monal-partridge 4281:Newsletter for Birdwatchers 4268:Newsletter for Birdwatchers 4036:Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 3577:. Christopher Helm, London. 3439:(Gmelin) killing a Peafowl 3433:Dhanwatey, Amrut S (1986). 3229:Shivrajkumar, Y.S. (1957). 3212:Newsletter for Birdwatchers 3188:Newsletter for Birdwatchers 2827:10.2174/1874453201003010013 2643:. Oxford University Press. 1007: 566:from private collection of 498:grows notably heavier. The 10: 8241: 6677:Germain's peacock-pheasant 6337:Chestnut-bellied partridge 5540:Attwater's prairie chicken 4972:Verreaux's monal-partridge 4441:Indian peafowl video clips 3598:Journal of Threatened Taxa 2114:"The Peacock Cult in Asia" 2039:Dodsworth, P.T.L. (1912). 1928:Haldane, J. B. S. (1922). 1271:describes the head of the 1080: 860: 574:, Leiden, the Netherlands. 469:, the peacock is known as 18: 8210:National symbols of India 7802: 7780: 7513: 7488: 7433: 7348: 7283: 7258: 7203: 7168: 7103: 7093: 7004: 6959: 6914: 6869: 6844: 6789: 6756:Mountain bamboo partridge 6744: 6734: 6687:Mountain peacock-pheasant 6635: 6590: 6565: 6555: 6516: 6481: 6456: 6431: 6396: 6386: 6382: 6368: 6237:Chestnut-headed partridge 6207:Rufous-throated partridge 6197:White-necklaced partridge 6157: 6134: 6111: 6088: 6075:Udzungwa forest partridge 6055: 6051: 6037: 5888: 5833: 5808: 5773: 5738: 5673: 5628: 5618: 5569: 5490: 5455: 5430: 5395: 5360: 5347:Black-billed capercaillie 5313: 5256: 5221: 5196: 5159: 5145: 5083: 5044: 4995: 4960: 4895: 4885: 4846: 4807: 4803: 4789: 4757: 4682: 4656: 4573: 4560: 4503: 4497:National symbols of India 4042:: 215–231. Archived from 3611:10.11609/jott.o1845.106-8 3478:"Indian Great Horned Owl 3015:"Common (Indian) Peafowl" 2696:10.1007/s10164-008-0105-0 2524:Miller, Geoffrey (2000). 2381:10.1007/s10164-007-0078-4 2341:American Museum Novitates 315:. His later explanation, 242:Map showing native range 241: 232: 211: 204: 106:Scientific classification 104: 82: 73: 64: 55: 46: 37: 32: 6981:White-throated francolin 6766:Chinese bamboo partridge 6717:Bornean peacock-pheasant 6707:Malayan peacock-pheasant 6667:Palawan peacock-pheasant 6577:Crimson-headed partridge 6408:Vietnamese crested argus 5185:C. canadensis franklinii 4645:Lactobacillus bulgaricus 3929:Rolland, Eugene (1915). 3842:Witzel, Michael (2002). 3819:The Indo-Aryan languages 3785:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3529:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3490:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3447:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3346:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3338:"Diet of Indian Peafowl 3307:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3231:"An incubating Peacock ( 2495:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 2456:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 2412:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 1741:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 1420:: e.T22679435A92814454. 1375:Ashkenazi Jewish culture 830:protein-coding sequences 669:performing courtship at 658:Distribution and habitat 8220:Birds described in 1758 7675:Double-spurred spurfowl 7555:Chestnut-naped spurfowl 7535:Mount Cameroon spurfowl 6776:Taiwan bamboo partridge 6697:Hainan peacock-pheasant 6347:Grey-breasted partridge 6287:Orange-necked partridge 6267:White-cheeked partridge 6065:Rubeho forest partridge 5750:Lady Amherst's pheasant 5524:Greater prairie chicken 5335:Cantabrian capercaillie 4389:Les Carnets de Zoologie 4210:www.jewishfolksongs.com 3301:Johnsingh, AJT (1976). 2408:) in Gir Forest, India" 2096:10.5962/bhl.title.54912 1781:Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1612:Whistler, Hugh (1949). 1481:. Motilal Banarsidass. 1454:. John Murray, London. 1279:, who unable to defeat 1171:Conservation and status 902:Abbott Handerson Thayer 634:Crosses between a male 568:Coenraad Jacob Temminck 414:term for the animal is 49:Nagarhole National Park 7745:Grey-breasted spurfowl 7735:Yellow-necked spurfowl 7665:Hildebrandt's spurfowl 7565:Black-fronted spurfowl 7370:Przevalski's partridge 7066:Orange River francolin 6538:Green-legged partridge 6297:Red-breasted partridge 5865:Tibetan eared pheasant 5552:Lesser prairie chicken 5300:White-tailed ptarmigan 4567: 4010:Springett, BH (1922). 3851:. Harvard University. 3779:Fitzpatrick J (1923). 3435:"A Crested Hawk-Eagle 2937:10.1006/bijl.2001.0536 2619:(Article 8): 119–231. 2207:Jaiswal, S.K. (2018). 2121:Asian Folklore Studies 2078:Whitman, C.H. (1898). 1848:10.1093/jhered/82.1.64 1330: 1215: 1187: 1124:Large animals such as 1040: 1020: 985:Fisher's runaway model 957: 878: 682: 674: 652:outbreeding depression 627:variation at specific 595: 575: 518: 486: 422:, whose first emperor 67:Bandipur National Park 8133:Paleobiology Database 7705:Clapperton's spurfowl 7615:Grey-striped spurfowl 7056:Grey-winged francolin 7016:Ring-necked francolin 6811:Sri Lankan junglefowl 6647:Grey peacock-pheasant 6418:Malayan crested argus 6098:Ferruginous partridge 5980:Hoogerwerf's pheasant 5591:Long-billed partridge 4566: 4375:10.3838/jjo1915.22.25 3639:10.1136/vr.113.20.470 3401:) and striped hyena ( 3395:panthera pardus fusca 1639:Blanford, WT (1898). 1582:linguistics,1800-1925 1550:The book of the sword 1519:Lal, Krishna (2007). 1325: 1210: 1178: 1151:changeable hawk-eagle 1066:white-rumped vultures 1026: 1015: 955: 933:argued that peacocks 906:disruptive camouflage 870: 836:Behaviour and ecology 680: 665: 581: 570:(1778–1858), held at 561: 554:Mutations and hybrids 513: 484: 258:), also known as the 7595:Swierstra's spurfowl 7506:) (possibly extinct) 7420:Red-legged partridge 7270:Madagascar partridge 7026:Red-winged francolin 6991:Schlegel's francolin 6277:Bar-backed partridge 6217:Red-billed partridge 5970:Salvadori's pheasant 5875:Brown eared pheasant 5855:White eared pheasant 5695:Mrs. Hume's pheasant 5325:Western capercaillie 4629:Ganges river dolphin 3993:Empson, RHW (1928). 3768:on 21 December 2008. 3482:(Linn.) and Peafowl 3303:"Peacocks and cobra" 3021:on 24 September 2015 2192:Long, J. L. (1981). 2163:"Peafowl (Peacocks)" 2112:Nair, P. T. (1974). 1895:Jackson, CE (2006). 1813:Avicultural Magazine 1546:Burton, R F (1884). 956:Male courting female 900:The American artist 722:United Arab Emirates 399:(Book I, line 210). 397:Troilus and Criseyde 8215:Birds of South Asia 7755:Red-necked spurfowl 7725:Swainson's spurfowl 7635:Red-billed spurfowl 7525:Hartlaub's spurfowl 7225:Snow Mountain quail 7076:Shelley's francolin 5940:Vietnamese pheasant 5845:Blue eared pheasant 5502:Sharp-tailed grouse 5467:Greater sage-grouse 4947:Temminck's tragopan 4352:Sharma, IK (1973). 4103:Pimlico 2000 p.113 3674:Science and Justice 3437:Spizaetus cirrhatus 3061:1999Natur.401..155P 2684:Journal of Ethology 2369:Journal of Ethology 2277:Sharma, IK (1974). 2254:2004PhT....57a..18B 2236:Blau, S.K. (2004). 2150:on 5 February 2009. 1998:2010PLoSO...512614L 1836:Journal of Heredity 1798:, 143(1): 111–121. 1770:Sclater PL (1860). 1661:Baker, ECS (1928). 1448:Weekley, E (1921). 1317:Sri Lankan Airlines 1179:A white peafowl in 699:Alexander the Great 687:Indian subcontinent 424:Chandragupta Maurya 362:Taxonomy and naming 275:Indian subcontinent 76:Conservation status 69:, Karnataka, India 51:, Karnataka, India 7715:Harwood's spurfowl 7695:Heuglin's spurfowl 7625:Jackson's spurfowl 7475:Manipur bush quail 7465:Painted bush quail 7400:Philby's partridge 7135:Himalayan snowcock 7115:Caucasian snowcock 7046:Moorland francolin 7036:Finsch's francolin 6856:Latham's francolin 6721:P. schleiermacheri 6622:Sri Lanka spurfowl 6327:Sumatran partridge 6012:Swinhoe's pheasant 5934:L. erythrophthalma 5930:Crestless fireback 5128:Californian turkey 4568: 4027:Tyrberg T (2002). 3900:Buddhist Hiamalaya 3877:Anonymous (1891). 3206:Singh, H. (1964). 2983:10.1242/jeb.087338 1947:10.1007/BF02983075 1331: 1328:Saint-Paul, Savoie 1216: 1188: 1041: 1033:Faridabad District 1021: 958: 935:honestly signalled 924:Theodore Roosevelt 916:animal colouration 879: 816:and the island of 683: 675: 671:Yala National Park 600:selective breeding 596: 584:Jardin des Plantes 576: 519: 487: 8187: 8186: 7796:Taxon identifiers 7787: 7786: 7776: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7699:P. icterorhynchus 7619:P. griseostriatus 7585:Djibouti spurfowl 7575:Erckel's spurfowl 7559:P. castaneicollis 7545:Handsome spurfowl 7469:P. erythrorhyncha 7445:Jungle bush quail 7410:Barbary partridge 7360:Arabian partridge 7180:See-see partridge 7089: 7088: 6946:Chinese francolin 6936:Painted francolin 6881:Crested francolin 6730: 6729: 6551: 6550: 6364: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6307:Malayan partridge 6227:Siamese partridge 6177:Sichuan partridge 6121:Crested partridge 6033: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6025: 6024: 5984:L. i. hoogerwerfi 5960:Imperial pheasant 5920:Edward's pheasant 5900:Bulwer's pheasant 5685:Elliot's pheasant 5660:Tibetan partridge 5650:Daurian partridge 5614: 5613: 5565: 5564: 5556:T. pallidicinctus 5516:T. p. columbianus 5339:T. u. cantabricus 5181:Franklin's grouse 5141: 5140: 5079: 5078: 5040: 5039: 4931:T. melanocephalus 4881: 4880: 4842: 4841: 4717: 4716: 4624:(Heritage animal) 4235:Arthur Fox-Davies 4081:on 27 August 2011 3828:978-0-521-23420-7 3181:Vyas, R. (1994). 3055:(6749): 155–157. 2977:(16): 3035–3046. 2597:978-1-84792-289-2 2263:10.1063/1.1650059 1914:978-1-86189-293-5 1737:) Linn. of Injar" 1532:978-81-7017-429-5 1488:978-81-208-0433-3 1236:is from the root 1120:Mortality factors 1064:platforms of the 1058:courtship feeding 962:courtship display 863:Fisherian runaway 824:Genome sequencing 608:P. c. nigripennis 511: 350:and venerated in 313:natural selection 294:sexual dimorphism 246: 245: 197:P. cristatus 99: 8232: 8180: 8179: 8167: 8166: 8154: 8153: 8141: 8140: 8128: 8127: 8115: 8114: 8105: 8104: 8095: 8094: 8082: 8081: 8069: 8068: 8066:NHMSYS0001689593 8056: 8055: 8043: 8042: 8030: 8029: 8017: 8016: 8004: 8003: 7991: 7990: 7978: 7977: 7965: 7964: 7952: 7951: 7939: 7938: 7926: 7925: 7916: 7915: 7903: 7902: 7890: 7889: 7887:A8C34DC9655204ED 7877: 7876: 7864: 7863: 7851: 7850: 7838: 7837: 7836: 7823: 7822: 7821: 7791: 7790: 7390:Chukar partridge 7364:A. melanocephala 7299:C. coromandelica 7184:A. griseogularis 7145:Tibetan snowcock 7125:Caspian snowcock 7101: 7100: 6895:O. pondicerianus 6831:Green junglefowl 6742: 6741: 6612:Painted spurfowl 6563: 6562: 6394: 6393: 6384: 6383: 6370: 6369: 6317:Roll's partridge 6281:A. brunneopectus 6257:Taiwan partridge 6247:Hainan partridge 6221:A.a rubrirostris 6053: 6052: 6039: 6038: 5950:Crested fireback 5910:Siamese fireback 5824:Catreus wallichi 5725:Reeve's pheasant 5626: 5625: 5577: 5576: 5386:L. mlokosiewiczi 5382:Caucasian grouse 5268:Willow ptarmigan 5157: 5156: 5126: 5115:Ocellated turkey 5091: 5090: 5066:Koklass pheasant 5052: 5051: 4927:Western tragopan 4917:Cabot's tragopan 4907:Blyth's tragopan 4893: 4892: 4854: 4853: 4815: 4814: 4805: 4804: 4791: 4790: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4721: 4720: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4664:Independence Day 4649: 4641: 4633: 4632:(Aquatic animal) 4625: 4617: 4609: 4601: 4593: 4585: 4555: 4547: 4539: 4531: 4527:Satyameva Jayate 4523: 4515: 4495: 4494: 4483: 4476: 4469: 4460: 4459: 4430: 4413: 4406:Annals Arid Zone 4396: 4379: 4377: 4368:(93–94): 25–29. 4348: 4331: 4314: 4297: 4246: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4117: 4111: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4080: 4073: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4048: 4033: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3857: 3850: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3815:Masica, Colin P. 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3761:. Archived from 3760: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3744:on 13 June 2011. 3743: 3737:. Archived from 3736: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3713:. Archived from 3712: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3272: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3161: 3146: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3107:Animal Behaviour 3102: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3085: 3046: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3011: 3005: 3004: 2994: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2895:(4): 1209–1219. 2889:Animal Behaviour 2884: 2873: 2872: 2862: 2853:(6): 1284–1294. 2838: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2771:Animal Behaviour 2766: 2753: 2752: 2729:Animal Behaviour 2724: 2718: 2717: 2707: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2662: 2654: 2636: 2630: 2628: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2443: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2318: 2287: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2161:Harling, Gavin. 2158: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2143:. Archived from 2118: 2109: 2100: 2099: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2055:(3): 1082–1083. 2036: 2030: 2029: 2019: 2009: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1925: 1919: 1918: 1902: 1892: 1883: 1882: 1858: 1852: 1851: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1808: 1802: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1774:Pavo nigripennis 1767: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1747:(4): 1069–1079. 1728: 1713: 1712: 1694: 1669: 1668: 1658: 1647: 1646: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1609: 1596: 1595: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1553: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1516: 1505: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1445: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1429: 1399: 1251:) or a regional 1195:have been shed. 1018:Museum Wiesbaden 1016:Egg, collection 895:sexual selection 857:Sexual selection 802:Papua New Guinea 512: 485:Male neck detail 317:sexual selection 289:as a "peacock". 237: 217: 114: 113: 93: 88: 87: 60: 42: 30: 29: 22:Papilio polyctor 8240: 8239: 8235: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8230: 8229: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8175: 8170: 8162: 8157: 8149: 8144: 8136: 8131: 8123: 8120:Observation.org 8118: 8110: 8108: 8100: 8098: 8090: 8085: 8077: 8072: 8064: 8059: 8051: 8046: 8038: 8033: 8025: 8020: 8012: 8007: 7999: 7994: 7986: 7981: 7973: 7968: 7960: 7955: 7947: 7942: 7934: 7929: 7921: 7919: 7911: 7906: 7898: 7893: 7885: 7880: 7872: 7867: 7859: 7854: 7846: 7841: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7817: 7816: 7811: 7798: 7788: 7783: 7764: 7679:P. bicalcaratus 7669:P. hildebrandti 7605:Ahanta spurfowl 7539:P. camerunensis 7509: 7504:O. superciliosa 7500:Himalayan quail 7484: 7479:P. manipurensis 7455:Rock bush quail 7429: 7344: 7305:Harlequin quail 7279: 7274:M. madagarensis 7254: 7219:S. ypsilophorus 7199: 7164: 7139:T. himalayensis 7085: 7030:S. levaillantii 7020:S. streptophora 7000: 6971:Coqui francolin 6955: 6926:Black francolin 6910: 6901:Swamp francolin 6865: 6840: 6821:Grey junglefowl 6785: 6726: 6651:P. bicalcaratum 6631: 6586: 6581:H. sanguiniceps 6558:Polyplectronini 6547: 6512: 6477: 6452: 6427: 6378: 6356: 6261:A. crudigularis 6153: 6144:Black partridge 6130: 6107: 6084: 6079:X. udzungwensis 6047: 6021: 6002:Silver pheasant 5996:L. leucomelanos 5884: 5859:C. crossoptilon 5829: 5804: 5785:Common pheasant 5769: 5760:Golden pheasant 5734: 5719:S. soemmerringi 5715:Copper pheasant 5705:Mikado pheasant 5669: 5610: 5601:Dulit partridge 5595:R. longirostris 5561: 5544:T. c. attwateri 5506:T. phasianellus 5486: 5477:Gunnison grouse 5471:C. urophasianus 5451: 5426: 5391: 5356: 5351:T. urogalloides 5309: 5252: 5217: 5208:Siberian grouse 5192: 5150: 5137: 5075: 5036: 5017:Sclater's monal 5007:Himalayan monal 4991: 4956: 4877: 4838: 4799: 4785: 4753: 4748: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4706:Indian Calendar 4700: 4692: 4678: 4652: 4647: 4639: 4631: 4623: 4621:Indian elephant 4615: 4607: 4599: 4591: 4583: 4574:Flora and fauna 4569: 4558: 4553: 4551:National Pledge 4545: 4537: 4529: 4521: 4519:Emblem of India 4513: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4455:at avibirds.com 4437: 4290:Current Science 4255: 4253:Further reading 4250: 4249: 4233: 4229: 4219: 4217: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4157: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4118: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4049:on 26 July 2011 4046: 4031: 4025: 4021: 4008: 4004: 3991: 3987: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3935:. p. 149. 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3892: 3888: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3720:on 7 June 2011. 3717: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3666: 3662: 3623: 3619: 3586: 3582: 3571: 3567: 3556: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3474: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3227: 3223: 3204: 3200: 3179: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3144: 3138: 3134: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3044: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3008: 2963: 2959: 2948: 2944: 2920: 2916: 2885: 2876: 2839: 2835: 2802: 2798: 2767: 2756: 2725: 2721: 2676: 2672: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2637: 2633: 2609: 2605: 2598: 2582: 2578: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2522: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2483: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2444: 2435: 2425: 2423: 2400: 2396: 2361: 2357: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2302:10.2307/1366352 2285: 2275: 2271: 2234: 2230: 2205: 2201: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2133:10.2307/1177550 2116: 2110: 2103: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2037: 2033: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1926: 1922: 1915: 1893: 1886: 1859: 1855: 1828: 1824: 1809: 1805: 1793: 1789: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1752: 1729: 1716: 1709: 1695: 1672: 1659: 1650: 1637: 1633: 1626: 1610: 1599: 1592: 1577: 1573: 1566: 1544: 1540: 1533: 1517: 1508: 1498: 1496: 1489: 1473: 1469: 1462: 1446: 1442: 1432: 1430: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1371:Di Goldene Pave 1348:Cardinal Wolsey 1269:Uttara Ramayana 1242:Proto-Dravidian 1213:Raja Ravi Varma 1205: 1173: 1122: 1083: 1049:sexual maturity 1010: 918:had evolved as 865: 859: 838: 826: 709:in some areas. 660: 556: 550:when agitated. 506: 479: 372:Systema Naturae 364: 356:Greek mythology 302:covert feathers 228: 219: 213: 200: 108: 100: 89: 85: 78: 33:Indian peafowl 26: 17: 16:Species of bird 12: 11: 5: 8238: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8181: 8177:Pavo-cristatus 8168: 8155: 8142: 8129: 8116: 8106: 8096: 8083: 8070: 8057: 8044: 8031: 8018: 8005: 7992: 7979: 7966: 7953: 7940: 7927: 7917: 7904: 7891: 7878: 7874:pavo-cristatus 7865: 7861:Pavo_cristatus 7852: 7848:Pavo_cristatus 7839: 7834:Pavo cristatus 7824: 7808: 7806: 7804:Pavo cristatus 7800: 7799: 7785: 7784: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7752: 7742: 7739:P. leucoscepus 7732: 7722: 7712: 7709:P. clappertoni 7702: 7692: 7685:Scaly spurfowl 7682: 7672: 7662: 7655:Natal spurfowl 7652: 7642: 7632: 7622: 7612: 7602: 7592: 7589:P. ochropectus 7582: 7572: 7562: 7552: 7542: 7532: 7521: 7519: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7496: 7494: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7472: 7462: 7452: 7441: 7439: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7417: 7407: 7397: 7387: 7380:Rock partridge 7377: 7367: 7356: 7354: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7332: 7325:Japanese quail 7322: 7312: 7309:C. delegorguei 7302: 7291: 7289: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7266: 7264: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7242: 7232: 7229:S. monorthonyx 7222: 7211: 7209: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7197: 7190:Sand partridge 7187: 7176: 7174: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7155:Altai snowcock 7152: 7142: 7132: 7122: 7111: 7109: 7098: 7091: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7073: 7063: 7053: 7043: 7033: 7023: 7012: 7010: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6988: 6985:C. albogularis 6978: 6967: 6965: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6950:F. pintadeanus 6943: 6933: 6930:F. francolinus 6922: 6920: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6898: 6891:Grey francolin 6888: 6877: 6875: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6852: 6850: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6828: 6818: 6808: 6801:Red junglefowl 6797: 6795: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6783: 6773: 6763: 6752: 6750: 6739: 6732: 6731: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6714: 6704: 6694: 6684: 6674: 6664: 6654: 6643: 6641: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6629: 6626:G. bicalcarata 6619: 6609: 6598: 6596: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6573: 6571: 6560: 6553: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6535: 6524: 6522: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6500: 6493:Indian peafowl 6489: 6487: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6464: 6462: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6450: 6439: 6437: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6415: 6404: 6402: 6391: 6380: 6379: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6354: 6344: 6334: 6324: 6314: 6304: 6294: 6284: 6274: 6271:A. atrogularis 6264: 6254: 6244: 6234: 6224: 6214: 6211:A. rufogularis 6204: 6194: 6184: 6174: 6167:Hill partridge 6163: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6140: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6117: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6094: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6072: 6061: 6059: 6049: 6048: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6009: 5999: 5992:Kalij pheasant 5989: 5988: 5987: 5967: 5957: 5947: 5944:L. hatinhensis 5937: 5927: 5917: 5907: 5896: 5894: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5879:C.mantchuricum 5872: 5862: 5852: 5841: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5820:Cheer pheasant 5816: 5814: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5795:Green pheasant 5792: 5781: 5779: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5767: 5757: 5746: 5744: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5732: 5722: 5712: 5702: 5692: 5681: 5679: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5667: 5657: 5647: 5640:Grey partridge 5636: 5634: 5623: 5616: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5608: 5598: 5587: 5585: 5574: 5567: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5537: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5498: 5496: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5484: 5474: 5463: 5461: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5438: 5436: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5417:Chinese grouse 5414: 5403: 5401: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5379: 5368: 5366: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5321: 5319: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5297: 5290:Rock ptarmigan 5287: 5286: 5285: 5264: 5262: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5247:D. fuliginosus 5240: 5229: 5227: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5212:F. falcipennis 5204: 5202: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5167: 5165: 5154: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5132:M. californica 5122: 5112: 5101: 5099: 5088: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5062: 5060: 5049: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5024: 5014: 5003: 5001: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4979: 4968: 4966: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4954: 4944: 4937:Satyr tragopan 4934: 4924: 4914: 4903: 4901: 4890: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4868:Blood pheasant 4864: 4862: 4851: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4829:Snow partridge 4825: 4823: 4812: 4801: 4800: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4747: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4724: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4703: 4695: 4686: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4676: 4674:Gandhi Jayanti 4671: 4666: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4642: 4634: 4626: 4618: 4610: 4602: 4594: 4589:Indian peafowl 4586: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4548: 4540: 4535:Jana Gana Mana 4532: 4524: 4516: 4507: 4505: 4504:Constitutional 4501: 4500: 4486: 4485: 4478: 4471: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4436: 4435:External links 4433: 4432: 4431: 4419:Pavo cristatus 4414: 4402:Pavo cristatus 4397: 4385:Pavo cristatus 4380: 4356:Pavo cristatus 4349: 4337:Pavo cristatus 4332: 4320:Pavo cristatus 4315: 4303:Pavo cristatus 4298: 4296:(12): 550–551. 4285: 4276:Pavo cristatus 4272: 4263: 4260:Pavo cristatus 4254: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4227: 4197: 4167: 4137: 4130: 4112: 4109:978-0712651226 4092: 4060: 4019: 4002: 3985: 3972:10.2307/594123 3966:(2): 158–168. 3950: 3921: 3886: 3869: 3834: 3827: 3806: 3791:(2): 562–565. 3771: 3747: 3723: 3699: 3670:Pavo cristatus 3660: 3617: 3604:(2): 106–108. 3592:Pavo cristatus 3580: 3565: 3550: 3535:(3): 425–428. 3523:Pavo cristatus 3511: 3484:Pavo cristatus 3468: 3441:Pavo cristatus 3425: 3416: 3385: 3376: 3367: 3352:(2): 262–263. 3340:Pavo cristatus 3328: 3293: 3260: 3233:Pavo cristatus 3221: 3198: 3173: 3155:(3): 543–559. 3132: 3113:(3): 830–835. 3097: 3032: 3006: 2957: 2942: 2931:(2): 187–198. 2914: 2874: 2833: 2808:Pavo cristatus 2796: 2754: 2719: 2690:(2): 209–214. 2680:Pavo cristatus 2670: 2649: 2631: 2603: 2596: 2576: 2563:10.1086/368563 2557:(1): 542–555. 2541: 2534: 2516: 2501:(2): 387–393. 2489:Pavo cristatus 2477: 2462:(3): 471–472. 2450:Pavo cristatus 2433: 2406:Pavo cristatus 2394: 2375:(3): 375–381. 2365:Pavo cristatus 2355: 2344:(1518): 1–25. 2330: 2296:(3): 344–346. 2281:Pavo cristatus 2269: 2228: 2222:10.1101/315457 2199: 2184: 2153: 2101: 2070: 2043:Pavo cristatus 2031: 1972: 1941:(2): 101–109. 1920: 1913: 1884: 1863:Pavo cristatus 1853: 1832:Pavo Cristatus 1822: 1803: 1787: 1762: 1735:Pavo cristatus 1714: 1707: 1670: 1648: 1631: 1624: 1597: 1590: 1571: 1564: 1538: 1531: 1506: 1487: 1467: 1460: 1440: 1406:Pavo cristatus 1393: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1363:golden peacock 1204: 1201: 1172: 1169: 1155:rock eagle-owl 1134:golden jackals 1121: 1118: 1082: 1079: 1009: 1006: 975:founder effect 883:Charles Darwin 858: 855: 837: 834: 825: 822: 718:United Kingdom 659: 656: 648:Haldane's rule 616:Charles Darwin 612:P. nigripennis 586:, Paris. This 564:Pavo cristatus 555: 552: 540:ka-aan..ka-aan 516:Pavo cristatus 478: 475: 443:Ancient Hebrew 439:Peacock Throne 437:for the famed 377:Pavo cristatus 363: 360: 309:Charles Darwin 273:native to the 260:common peafowl 255:Pavo cristatus 250:Indian peafowl 244: 243: 239: 238: 230: 229: 220: 215:Pavo cristatus 209: 208: 202: 201: 194: 192: 188: 187: 180: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 102: 101: 83: 80: 79: 74: 71: 70: 62: 61: 53: 52: 44: 43: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8237: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8178: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8093: 8088: 8084: 8080: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8023: 8019: 8015: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7918: 7914: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7883: 7879: 7875: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7844: 7840: 7835: 7829: 7825: 7820: 7814: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7792: 7779: 7760: 7756: 7753: 7750: 7749:P. rufopictus 7746: 7743: 7740: 7736: 7733: 7730: 7729:P. swainsonii 7726: 7723: 7720: 7716: 7713: 7710: 7706: 7703: 7700: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7683: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7670: 7666: 7663: 7660: 7659:P. natalensis 7656: 7653: 7650: 7646: 7645:Cape spurfowl 7643: 7640: 7636: 7633: 7630: 7626: 7623: 7620: 7616: 7613: 7610: 7609:P. ahantensis 7606: 7603: 7600: 7599:P. swierstrai 7596: 7593: 7590: 7586: 7583: 7580: 7576: 7573: 7570: 7566: 7563: 7560: 7556: 7553: 7550: 7546: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7530: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7517: 7512: 7505: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7492: 7487: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7470: 7466: 7463: 7460: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7437: 7432: 7425: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7408: 7405: 7401: 7398: 7395: 7391: 7388: 7385: 7381: 7378: 7375: 7371: 7368: 7365: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7340: 7339:C. pectoralis 7336: 7335:Stubble quail 7333: 7330: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7261:Margaroperdix 7257: 7250: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7236: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7195: 7191: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7172: 7167: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7146: 7143: 7140: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7119:T. caucasicus 7116: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7092: 7081: 7077: 7074: 7071: 7070:S. gutturalis 7067: 7064: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7051: 7050:S. psilolaema 7047: 7044: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7027: 7024: 7021: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6996: 6995:C. schlegelii 6992: 6989: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6963: 6958: 6951: 6947: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6931: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6861: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6843: 6836: 6832: 6829: 6826: 6825:G. sonneratii 6822: 6819: 6816: 6812: 6809: 6806: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6788: 6781: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6770:B. thoracicus 6767: 6764: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6733: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6712: 6708: 6705: 6702: 6701:P. katsumatae 6698: 6695: 6692: 6691:P. inopinatum 6688: 6685: 6682: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6634: 6627: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6582: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6554: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6533: 6532:T. charltonii 6529: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6520: 6519:Tropicoperdix 6515: 6508: 6504: 6503:Green peafowl 6501: 6498: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6473: 6469: 6468:Congo peafowl 6466: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6460: 6455: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6423: 6422:R. nigrescens 6419: 6416: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6371: 6367: 6352: 6351:A. orientalis 6348: 6345: 6342: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6318: 6315: 6312: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6301:A. hyperythra 6298: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6241:A. cambodiana 6238: 6235: 6232: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6181:A. rufipectus 6178: 6175: 6172: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6126: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6110: 6103: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6080: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6069:X. obscuratus 6066: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6036: 6017: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6006:L. nycthemera 6003: 6000: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5964:L. imperialis 5961: 5958: 5955: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5807: 5800: 5799:P. versicolor 5796: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5765: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5754:C. amherstiae 5751: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5665: 5664:P. hodgsoniae 5661: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5617: 5606: 5605:R. dulitensis 5602: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5568: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5447: 5443: 5442:Ruffed grouse 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5387: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5364: 5359: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5283: 5282:L. l. scotica 5279: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5255: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5175:C. canadensis 5172: 5171:Spruce grouse 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5144: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5082: 5071: 5070:P. macrolopha 5067: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5043: 5032: 5028: 5027:Chinese monal 5025: 5022: 5018: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4994: 4987: 4986:T. szechenyii 4983: 4980: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4952: 4951:T. temminckii 4948: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4884: 4873: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4845: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4764: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4752: 4745: 4740: 4738: 4733: 4731: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4707: 4704: 4699: 4696: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4646: 4643: 4638: 4635: 4630: 4627: 4622: 4619: 4614: 4611: 4606: 4603: 4598: 4595: 4590: 4587: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4552: 4549: 4544: 4543:Vande Mataram 4541: 4536: 4533: 4528: 4525: 4520: 4517: 4512: 4511:Flag of India 4509: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4472: 4470: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4454: 4451: 4449:at adu.org.za 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4428: 4424: 4423:Indian Vet. J 4420: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4357: 4350: 4347:(4): 378–384. 4346: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4330:(4): 290–294. 4329: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4313:(3): 219–223. 4312: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4133: 4131:0-415-29189-5 4127: 4124:. Routledge. 4123: 4116: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4077: 4070: 4064: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4015: 4014: 4006: 3998: 3997: 3989: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3954: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3925: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3882: 3881: 3873: 3854: 3847: 3846: 3838: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3764: 3757: 3751: 3740: 3733: 3727: 3716: 3709: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3593: 3584: 3576: 3569: 3561: 3554: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3524: 3515: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3472: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3429: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3403:hyaena hyaena 3400: 3396: 3389: 3380: 3371: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3341: 3332: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3297: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3234: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3177: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3143: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3069:10.1038/43651 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3043: 3036: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2953: 2946: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2809: 2800: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2705:10400.12/1242 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2674: 2666: 2660: 2652: 2650:0-19-512914-8 2646: 2642: 2635: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2607: 2599: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2537: 2535:0-385-49517-X 2531: 2527: 2520: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2490: 2481: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2407: 2398: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2359: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2334: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2282: 2273: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2242:Physics Today 2239: 2232: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2203: 2195: 2188: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2157: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2127:(2): 93–170. 2126: 2122: 2115: 2108: 2106: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2074: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2044: 2035: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992:(9): e12614. 1991: 1987: 1983: 1976: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1924: 1916: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1900: 1891: 1889: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1857: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1826: 1818: 1814: 1807: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1766: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1736: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1710: 1708:0-19-562063-1 1704: 1700: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1666: 1665: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1644: 1643: 1635: 1627: 1625:1-4067-4576-6 1621: 1617: 1616: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1593: 1591:90-272-0871-9 1587: 1583: 1575: 1567: 1565:0-486-25434-8 1561: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1542: 1534: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1494: 1490: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1471: 1463: 1461:1-176-40695-7 1457: 1453: 1452: 1444: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1398: 1394: 1386: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249:மயில் (mayil) 1246: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1220:national bird 1214: 1209: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1186: 1185:Visakhapatnam 1182: 1177: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1078: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1061: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1043:Peacocks are 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1019: 1014: 1005: 1001: 999: 995: 989: 986: 982: 980: 979:genetic drift 976: 971: 965: 963: 954: 950: 948: 944: 943:immune system 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 912: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 877: 873: 869: 864: 854: 850: 846: 842: 833: 831: 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 714:United States 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 679: 672: 668: 664: 655: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 636:green peafowl 632: 630: 626: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 593: 589: 585: 580: 573: 569: 565: 560: 551: 549: 545: 541: 536: 532: 528: 523: 517: 504: 501: 500:green peafowl 497: 493: 483: 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 435:Takht-i-Tâvus 432: 427: 425: 421: 420:Maurya Empire 417: 413: 410:, and modern 409: 405: 400: 398: 394: 393:proud a pekok 390: 386: 380: 378: 374: 373: 368: 367:Carl Linnaeus 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 344:national bird 341: 340:IUCN Red List 337: 336:Least Concern 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 290: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 269: 265: 261: 257: 256: 251: 240: 236: 231: 227: 223: 218: 216: 210: 207: 206:Binomial name 203: 199: 198: 193: 190: 189: 186: 185: 181: 178: 177: 174: 171: 168: 167: 164: 161: 158: 157: 154: 151: 148: 147: 144: 141: 138: 137: 134: 131: 128: 127: 124: 121: 118: 117: 112: 107: 103: 97: 92: 91:Least Concern 81: 77: 72: 68: 63: 59: 54: 50: 45: 41: 36: 31: 28: 24: 23: 8205:Pavo (genus) 7803: 7758: 7748: 7738: 7728: 7718: 7708: 7698: 7689:P. squamatus 7688: 7678: 7668: 7658: 7648: 7639:P. adspersus 7638: 7628: 7618: 7608: 7598: 7588: 7578: 7569:P. atrifrons 7568: 7558: 7548: 7538: 7529:P. hartlaubi 7528: 7514: 7503: 7489: 7478: 7468: 7459:P. argoondah 7458: 7448: 7434: 7423: 7413: 7403: 7393: 7383: 7373: 7363: 7349: 7338: 7328: 7318: 7315:Common quail 7308: 7298: 7284: 7273: 7259: 7249:S. chinensis 7248: 7239:S. adansonii 7238: 7228: 7218: 7204: 7193: 7183: 7169: 7158: 7149:T. tibetanus 7148: 7138: 7128: 7118: 7106:Tetraogallus 7104: 7079: 7069: 7059: 7049: 7039: 7029: 7019: 7005: 6994: 6984: 6974: 6962:Campocolinus 6960: 6949: 6939: 6929: 6915: 6904: 6894: 6884: 6870: 6859: 6845: 6834: 6824: 6815:G. lafayetii 6814: 6804: 6790: 6780:B. sonorivox 6779: 6769: 6759: 6745: 6720: 6711:P. malacense 6710: 6700: 6690: 6680: 6670: 6661:P. chalcurum 6660: 6650: 6638:Polyplectron 6636: 6625: 6615: 6605: 6602:Red spurfowl 6591: 6580: 6566: 6542:T. chloropus 6541: 6531: 6517: 6506: 6497:P. cristatus 6496: 6492: 6482: 6472:A. congensis 6471: 6457: 6446: 6432: 6421: 6411: 6397: 6350: 6340: 6331:A. sumatrana 6330: 6320: 6311:A. campbelli 6310: 6300: 6290: 6280: 6270: 6260: 6250: 6240: 6230: 6220: 6210: 6200: 6191:A. mandellii 6190: 6180: 6171:A. torqueola 6170: 6147: 6136:Melanoperdix 6124: 6101: 6078: 6068: 6015: 6005: 5995: 5983: 5973: 5963: 5953: 5943: 5933: 5923: 5913: 5903: 5889: 5878: 5868: 5858: 5848: 5836:Crossoptilon 5834: 5823: 5809: 5798: 5789:P. colchicus 5788: 5774: 5763: 5753: 5741:Chrysolophus 5739: 5728: 5718: 5708: 5698: 5688: 5674: 5663: 5653: 5643: 5629: 5604: 5594: 5580: 5572:Rhizotherini 5555: 5543: 5527: 5515: 5505: 5491: 5480: 5470: 5458:Centrocercus 5456: 5445: 5431: 5421:T. sewerzowi 5420: 5410: 5407:Hazel grouse 5396: 5385: 5375: 5372:Black grouse 5361: 5350: 5338: 5329:T. urogallus 5328: 5314: 5303: 5293: 5281: 5271: 5257: 5246: 5243:Sooty grouse 5236: 5233:Dusky grouse 5222: 5211: 5197: 5184: 5174: 5160: 5131: 5118: 5109:M. gallopavo 5108: 5094: 5086:Meleagridini 5069: 5055: 5030: 5020: 5011:L. impejanus 5010: 4996: 4985: 4975: 4963:Tetraophasis 4961: 4950: 4940: 4930: 4920: 4910: 4896: 4888:Lophophorini 4871: 4857: 4832: 4818: 4690:Indian rupee 4669:Republic Day 4588: 4581:Bengal tiger 4426: 4422: 4418: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4293: 4289: 4284:. 8(6), 4–5. 4279: 4275: 4266: 4259: 4238: 4230: 4218:. 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Retrieved 1744: 1740: 1734: 1698: 1663: 1641: 1634: 1614: 1580: 1574: 1549: 1541: 1521: 1497:. Retrieved 1477: 1470: 1450: 1443: 1431:. Retrieved 1417: 1411: 1405: 1397: 1379: 1370: 1360: 1355:Anglo-Indian 1352: 1332: 1289: 1268: 1237: 1233: 1223: 1217: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1166: 1163: 1123: 1087: 1084: 1062: 1042: 1002: 990: 983: 966: 959: 931:Amotz Zahavi 928: 909: 899: 890: 880: 851: 847: 843: 839: 827: 766:South Africa 711: 684: 644:P. cristatus 643: 640:Pavo muticus 639: 633: 619: 611: 607: 597: 563: 547: 543: 539: 530: 526: 524: 520: 515: 488: 461:. In modern 458: 454: 450: 446: 434: 430: 428: 415: 401: 392: 381: 376: 370: 369:in his work 365: 342:. It is the 333: 321:Amotz Zahavi 306: 291: 287:colloquially 282: 278: 264:blue peafowl 263: 259: 254: 253: 249: 247: 214: 212: 196: 195: 183: 27: 21: 8087:Neotropical 8048:NatureServe 7983:iNaturalist 7828:Wikispecies 7719:P. harwoodi 7649:P. capensis 7629:P. jacksoni 7579:P. erckelii 7449:P. asiatica 7329:C. japonica 7319:C. coturnix 7215:Brown quail 7159:T. altaicus 7096:Coturnicini 7080:S. shelleyi 7007:Scleroptila 6917:Francolinus 6885:O. sephaena 6747:Bambusicola 6681:P. germaini 6671:P. emphanum 6616:G. lunulata 6606:G. spadicea 6593:Galloperdix 6568:Haematortyx 6443:Great argus 6412:R. ocellata 6341:A. javanica 6159:Arborophila 6016:L. swinhoii 5974:L. inornata 5924:L. edwardsi 5654:P. dauurica 5493:Tympanuchus 5446:B. umbellus 5237:D. obscurus 5224:Dendragapus 5199:Falcipennis 5119:M. ocellata 5105:Wild turkey 5021:L. sclateri 4998:Lophophorus 4976:T. obscurus 4872:I. cruentus 4797:Phasianinae 4781:Galliformes 4751:Phasianidae 4412:(2): 71–75. 4271:. 5(4):4–6. 3799:21 December 3633:(20): 470. 3543:21 December 3504:21 December 3461:21 December 3360:21 December 3321:21 December 3253:21 December 3025:26 December 2509:21 December 2470:21 December 2426:21 December 2177:12 November 2063:21 December 1755:21 December 998:mate choice 810:New Zealand 673:, Sri Lanka 620:nigripennis 542:or a rapid 496:wild turkey 492:Phasianidae 477:Description 173:Phasianidae 163:Galliformes 47:Peacock in 8194:Categories 8172:Xeno-canto 7549:P. nobilis 7516:Pternistis 7414:A. barbara 7404:A. philbyi 7295:Rain quail 7245:King quail 7235:Blue quail 7171:Ammoperdix 7129:T. caspius 7040:S. finschi 6905:O. gularis 6872:Ortygornis 6860:P. lathami 6847:Peliperdix 6760:B. fytchii 6507:P. muticus 6434:Argusianus 6399:Rheinardia 6374:Subfamily 6231:A. diversa 6201:A. gingica 6125:R. rouloul 6102:C. oculeus 6090:Caloperdix 6057:Xenoperdix 6045:Rollulinae 6043:Subfamily 5904:L. bulweri 5869:C. harmani 5849:C. auritum 5729:S. reevesi 5689:S. ellioti 5676:Syrmaticus 5621:Phasianini 5582:Rhizothera 5481:C. minimus 5411:T. bonasia 5304:L. leucura 5278:Red grouse 5272:L. lagopus 5162:Canachites 5148:Tetraonini 5047:Pucrasiini 5031:L. lhuysii 4911:T. blythii 4849:Ithaginini 4795:Subfamily 4709:(Calendar) 4693:(Currency) 4648:(Microber) 4637:King cobra 3862:11 January 3562:: 195–235. 3496:(2): 300. 3453:(4): 202. 3413:: 178–187. 3397:), dhole ( 3313:(1): 214. 3245:(2): 464. 2290:The Condor 1819:: 205–206. 1784:: 221–222. 1499:29 January 1389:References 1336:Robin Hood 1305:Melek Taus 1253:Wanderwort 1203:In culture 1074:nidifugous 1045:polygamous 920:camouflage 876:camouflage 861:See also: 786:Madagascar 738:Costa Rica 329:signalling 65:Peahen in 7436:Perdicula 7394:A. chukar 7384:A. graeca 7351:Alectoris 6940:F. pictus 6835:G. varius 6805:G. gallus 6376:Pavoninae 6291:A. davidi 6251:A. ardens 5954:L. ignita 5914:L. diardi 5776:Phasianus 5764:C. pictus 5709:S. mikado 5699:S. humiae 5644:P. perdix 5536:(extinct) 5534:Heath hen 5528:T. cupido 5398:Tetrastes 5376:L. tetrix 5096:Meleagris 4941:T. satyra 4921:T. caboti 4859:Ithaginis 4761:Kingdom: 4640:(Reptile) 4429:(8): 755. 4146:"Peacock" 3480:Bubo bubo 3443:Linnaeus" 3195:(6): 139. 2820:: 13–19. 2659:cite book 2571:145455502 2350:2246/3909 2090:(2): 40. 1935:J. Genet. 1842:: 64–68. 1433:2 January 1265:Kartikeya 1108:and even 1094:groundnut 977:and/or a 889:that the 885:wrote to 806:Australia 798:Indonesia 790:Mauritius 762:Argentina 691:Sri Lanka 588:leucistic 191:Species: 129:Kingdom: 123:Eukaryota 8146:Species+ 8053:2.100180 8040:22679435 8001:11160615 7900:22679435 7895:BirdLife 7813:Wikidata 7491:Ophrysia 7374:A. magna 7286:Coturnix 7206:Synoicus 6975:C. coqui 6459:Afropavo 6447:A. argus 6389:Pavonini 6321:A. rolli 6148:M. niger 6113:Rollulus 5057:Pucrasia 4898:Tragopan 4833:L. lerwa 4769:Chordata 4767:Phylum: 4763:Animalia 4600:(Flower) 4584:(Animal) 4554:(Pledge) 4538:(Anthem) 4522:(Emblem) 4395:: 41–45. 4214:Archived 4184:Archived 4180:In geveb 4154:Archived 3937:Archived 3908:Archived 3853:Archived 3817:(1991). 3793:Archived 3694:18700500 3655:11252054 3627:Vet. 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Hered 1749:Archived 1493:Archived 1344:Ayurveda 1311:and the 1301:Yezidism 1230:Sanskrit 1146:leopards 1126:leopards 1089:Zizyphus 1008:Breeding 947:hormones 939:handicap 887:Asa Gray 774:Portugal 750:Suriname 742:Colombia 734:Honduras 604:Japanned 514:Call of 467:Sanskrit 451:tukkiyim 449:(plural 406:, later 404:Sanskrit 325:handicap 279:peacocks 222:Linnaeus 169:Family: 143:Chordata 139:Phylum: 133:Animalia 119:Domain: 96:IUCN 3.1 8102:peafowl 7975:9451184 7882:Avibase 7759:P. afer 7424:A. rufa 7194:A. heyi 7060:S. afra 6737:Gallini 5891:Lophura 5811:Catreus 5363:Lyrurus 5294:L. muta 5259:Lagopus 4810:Lerwini 4779:Order: 4773:Class: 4701:(River) 4616:(Fruit) 4530:(Motto) 3647:6649386 3235:Linn.)" 3149:The Auk 3077:4394886 3057:Bibcode 2992:4074220 2310:1366352 2250:Bibcode 2213:bioRxiv 2141:1177550 2017:2935481 1994:Bibcode 1899:Peacock 1367:Yiddish 1257:Krishna 1114:excreta 1110:bananas 1081:Feeding 1039:, India 1037:Haryana 945:by the 814:Croatia 794:Réunion 758:Uruguay 667:Peacock 625:allelic 544:kok-kok 535:Monsoon 531:may-awe 441:). The 385:Chaucer 338:on the 283:peahens 271:species 268:peafowl 266:, is a 179:Genus: 159:Order: 149:Class: 94: ( 8138:415633 8109:NZOR: 8099:NZBO: 8092:compea 8027:176113 7957:EURING 7949:compea 7923:compea 7869:ARKive 7819:Q61865 7094:Tribe 6792:Gallus 6735:Tribe 6556:Tribe 6387:Tribe 5631:Perdix 5619:Tribe 5570:Tribe 5433:Bonasa 5316:Tetrao 5152:Grouse 5146:Tribe 5084:Tribe 5045:Tribe 4886:Tribe 4847:Tribe 4808:Tribe 4698:Ganges 4683:Others 4608:(Tree) 4605:Banyan 4592:(Bird) 4546:(Song) 4514:(Flag) 4341:Alauda 4324:Alauda 4307:Alauda 4220:4 June 4190:4 June 4160:2 June 4128: 4107: 4085:2 June 4053:2 June 3980:594123 3978: 3943:2 June 3914:1 June 3825: 3692: 3653: 3645: 3125: 3090:2 June 3075: 3049:Nature 2999: 2989: 2907: 2867: 2789: 2747: 2712: 2647: 2594: 2569: 2551:Osiris 2532: 2387: 2308: 2139: 2024: 2014: 1953: 1911: 1705: 1622: 1588: 1562: 1529: 1485: 1458: 1340:Viking 1285:Vishnu 1281:Ravana 1245:*mayVr 1234:mayura 1225:mayura 1142:tigers 1140:, and 1130:dholes 1098:tomato 994:ocelli 872:Thayer 818:Lokrum 778:Greece 754:Brazil 746:Guyana 730:Mexico 726:France 716:, the 703:Athens 695:Europe 592:albino 527:pia-ow 471:Mayura 463:Hebrew 389:simile 8164:13022 8151:65568 8014:70935 7996:IRMNG 7962:35670 7944:eBird 7936:6TWGZ 7920:BOW: 7913:88912 4820:Lerwa 4613:Mango 4597:Lotus 4079:(PDF) 4072:(PDF) 4047:(PDF) 4032:(PDF) 3976:JSTOR 3906:(1). 3856:(PDF) 3849:(PDF) 3766:(PDF) 3759:(PDF) 3742:(PDF) 3735:(PDF) 3718:(PDF) 3711:(PDF) 3651:S2CID 3486:Linn" 3160:(PDF) 3145:(PDF) 3123:S2CID 3084:(PDF) 3073:S2CID 3045:(PDF) 2905:S2CID 2787:S2CID 2745:S2CID 2710:S2CID 2567:S2CID 2385:S2CID 2317:(PDF) 2306:JSTOR 2286:(PDF) 2148:(PDF) 2137:JSTOR 2117:(PDF) 1951:S2CID 1907:–11. 1297:Argus 1277:Indra 1273:Devas 1261:Shiva 1138:lions 1106:chili 1102:paddy 1029:Hodal 782:Italy 770:Spain 707:feral 548:honk! 455:tokei 445:word 412:Hindi 395:" in 352:Hindu 348:India 298:train 8125:2010 8079:9049 8074:NCBI 8035:IUCN 8022:ITIS 7988:1204 7970:GBIF 7908:BOLD 6484:Pavo 4775:Aves 4657:Days 4421:)". 4362:Tori 4339:)". 4322:)". 4305:)". 4222:2019 4192:2019 4162:2010 4126:ISBN 4105:ISBN 4087:2010 4055:2010 3945:2017 3916:2010 3864:2022 3823:ISBN 3801:2017 3690:PMID 3643:PMID 3545:2017 3506:2017 3463:2017 3362:2017 3323:2017 3288:2022 3255:2017 3168:2013 3092:2010 3027:2012 2997:PMID 2865:PMID 2665:link 2645:ISBN 2592:ISBN 2530:ISBN 2511:2017 2472:2017 2428:2017 2367:)". 2325:2013 2179:2022 2065:2017 2022:PMID 1967:2019 1909:ISBN 1865:)". 1757:2017 1703:ISBN 1620:ISBN 1586:ISBN 1560:ISBN 1527:ISBN 1501:2023 1483:ISBN 1456:ISBN 1435:2022 1418:2016 1365:(in 1295:and 1293:Hera 1159:dogs 1153:and 1070:eggs 937:the 650:and 629:loci 459:tekh 447:tuki 431:taos 416:maur 408:Pali 402:The 354:and 248:The 226:1758 184:Pavo 153:Aves 8159:TSA 8061:NBN 8009:ISC 7931:CoL 7856:AFD 7843:ADW 6983:, ( 4387:". 4370:doi 3968:doi 3682:doi 3635:doi 3631:113 3606:doi 3411:104 3115:doi 3065:doi 3053:401 2987:PMC 2979:doi 2975:216 2933:doi 2897:doi 2855:doi 2822:doi 2779:doi 2737:doi 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