4972:. A front line was stabilised which ran south from the Indian controlled Poonch salient, passed just west of Naoshera (which remained in Indian hands), and reached the old Punjab border (now that of Pakistan) a few miles to the west of the Chenab River. The Jammu & Kashmir State town garrisons to the west of this line were unable to hold out against Azad Kashmiri siege, many falling during the course of November 1947. The extreme south of this sector was really an extension of the Punjab plains; and here fighting could take place on a surprisingly large scale, so that in successive Indo-Pakistani Wars this was to be the scene of great clashes of armour and the use of tactical air power, at times of a magnitude which would have aroused notice in World War II
416:
330:
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232:
1854:
449:
438:
363:
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403:
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60:
4983:. There would, of course, be much fighting in the future. 1948 saw both the epic struggle for Poonch and, later in the year, the Indian victories at the Zoji La and Kargil which achieved control over the Leh-Srinagar road and not only gave India Possession of the Ladakhi capital but also access to the desolate Tibetan borderlands without which the Sino-Indian conflict of the late 1950s would certainly have assumed a rather different form. By the beginning of 1948, however, astute observers could well have concluded that some kind of partition.
1200:
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218:
1587:, over 60,000 men from Poonch and Mirpur districts enrolled in the British Indian Army. After the war, they were discharged with arms, which is said to have alarmed the Maharaja. In June, Poonchis launched a 'No Tax' campaign. In July, the Maharaja ordered that all the soldiers in the region be disarmed. The absence of employment prospects coupled with high taxation drove the Poonchis to rebellion. The "gathering head of steam", states scholar Srinath Raghavan, was utilised by the local Muslim Conference led by
460:
958:
205:
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165:
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264:
2520:, the then Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Army. It was addressed to Kalkat's commanding officer Brig. C. P. Murray, who happened to be away at another post. The Pakistani officials suspected Kalkat and placed him under house arrest. He escaped and made his way to New Delhi on 18 October. However, the Indian military authorities and defence minister did not believe his information. He was recalled and debriefed on 24 October after the tribal invasion of Kashmir had started.
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288:
374:
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309:
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276:
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rebels then recruited additional volunteers in the Gilgit and
Baltistan regions and moved along the valleys and Indus River while pushing back the Kashmir state army. In February 1948, the "Azad Forces" besieged the garrison in Skardu where non-Muslim civilian and military personnel had taken refuge. In response Pakistan's motivations and calculations for the Kargil In the end, the fighting proved
1357:
1371:
1261:
1273:
1235:
1221:
966:
1249:
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1321:
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5011:, the first Kashmir war had two major results. First, it demonstrated that nonstate actors could enable Pakistan to challenge India in a manner that limited the prospect of direct military confrontation ... Second, the war enhanced Kashmir's importance to Pakistan, extending the dispute well past the time of partition and transforming it into a contest of national resolve with India.
1477:(PAVO Cavalry) regiment was briefed about the invasion plan. Colonel Sher Khan, the Director of Military Intelligence, was in charge of the briefing, along with Colonels Akbar Khan and Khanzadah. The Cavalry regiment was tasked with procuring arms and ammunition for the 'freedom fighters' and establishing three wings of the insurgent forces: the South Wing commanded by General
1583:(autonomous principality), governed by an alternative family line of Maharaja Hari Singh. The taxation is said to have been heavy. The Muslims of Poonch had long campaigned for the principality to be absorbed into the Punjab province of British India. In 1938, a notable disturbance occurred for religious reasons, but a settlement was reached. During the
1481:, a Central Wing based at Rawalpindi and a North Wing based at Abbottabad. By 1 October, the Cavalry regiment completed the task of arming the insurgent forces. "Throughout the war there was no shortage of small arms, ammunitions, or explosives at any time." The regiment was also told to be on stand by for induction into fighting at an appropriate time.
844:, the state capital. British commanding officers initially refused the entry of Pakistani troops into the conflict, citing the accession of the state to India. However, later in 1948, they relented and Pakistan's armies entered the war shortly afterwards. The fronts solidified gradually along what later came to be known as the
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airlift a battalion of Sikhs, blood enemies of the
Pathans, to Srinagar's airfield. A three-thousand-man army brigade was rushed up the terrible roads from the plains to Kashmir. After a month of chaotic fighting, the Pathans and Muslim irregular forces were pushed westward by arriving Indian Army troops.
3921:
Nehru therefore suggested to Patel that the maharaja should 'make friends with the
National Conference, 'so that there might be this popular support against Pakistan'. Nehru had hoped that the maharaja could be persuaded to accede to India before any invasion took place and he realised that accession
1778:
Following the rebellions in the Poonch and Mirpur area and the
Pakistan-backed Pashtun tribal intervention from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Maharaja asked for Indian military assistance. India set the condition that Kashmir must accede to India for it to receive assistance. The Maharaja complied, and
1055:
The presence of the
British commanding officers on both sides made the Indo-Pakistani war of 1947 a strange war. The two commanding officers were in daily telephone contact and adopted mutually defensive positions. The attitude was that "you can hit them so hard but not too hard, otherwise there will
5673:
Pakistan lost all three wars, which is a major source of humiliation for
Pakistanis. The first war (1947-1948) was fought over Kashmir, a predominately Muslim region that remained in India when India was portioned into two states. The war failed to secure Pakistan's sovereignty over the region as it
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to explore the possibility of organising a revolt in
Kashmir. Meanwhile, Pakistan cut off essential supplies to the state, such as petrol, sugar and salt. It also stopped trade in timber and other products, and suspended train services to Jammu. Iftikharuddin returned in mid-September to report that
5035:
Meanwhile, in typical tribal fashion, the
Pathans delayed their attack on Srinagar and its airfield in order to devote themselves to looting and pillage. This delay allowed India time to mount an air bridge to Srinagar. The Indians used their entire inventory of thirty Dakota military transports to
5112:
The first fifteen years of the India-Pakistan conflict witnessed violence of different intensities. Even before institutionalizing their independence, India and
Pakistan were locked in a crisis which led to their first war from 1947 to 1949. Pakistan showed no hesitation in starting the war and
2485:
At the beginning of 1947, all the posts above the rank of lieutenant colonel in the army were held by
British officers. Pakistan had only four lieutenant colonels, two of whom were involved in the Kashmir conflict: Akbar Khan and Sher Khan. At the beginning of the war, India had about 500 British
1734:
Armed rebellion started in the Poonch district at the beginning of October 1947. The fighting elements consisted of "bands of deserters from the State Army, serving soldiers of the Pakistan Army on leave, ex-servicemen, and other volunteers who had risen spontaneously." The first clash is said to
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with large Muslim-majority areas were to be divided between the two dominions. An estimated 11 million people eventually migrated between the two parts of Punjab, and possibly 1 million perished in the inter-communal violence. Jammu and Kashmir, being adjacent to the Punjab province, was directly
5054:
Kargil was a pivotal battleground during the First Kashmir War. In October 1947, Gilgit Scouts, assisted by Muslim soldiers in the Kashmir state army, mounted a successful coup d'etat in the Northern Areas. The so-called Azad (Free) Forces set up headquarters in the valley town of Astore. The
2916:
During the long campaign, the Indian Army lost 76 officers, 31 JCOs and 996 Other Ranks killed, making a total of 1103. The wounded totalled 3152, including 81 officers and 107 JCOs. Apart from these casualties, it appears that the J & K State Forces lost no less than 1990 officers and men
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ordered his Army Chief General Douglas Gracey to move Pakistani troops to Kashmir at once. However, the Indian and Pakistani forces were still under a joint command, and Field Marshal Auchinleck prevailed upon him to withdraw the order. With its accession to India, Kashmir became legally Indian
1623:
states that the Maharaja had decided, as early as April 1947, that he would accede to India if it was not possible to stay independent. The rebellion in Poonch possibly unnerved the Maharaja. Accordingly, on 11 August, he dismissed his pro-Pakistan Prime Minister, Ram Chandra Kak, and appointed
1609:
1599:
during flag hoisting around 15 August and that the Maharaja unleashed a 'reign of terror' on 24 August. Local Muslims also told Richard Symonds, a British Quaker social worker, that the army fired on crowds, and burnt houses and villages indiscriminately. According to the Assistant British High
1594:
According to state government sources, the rebellious militias gathered in the Naoshera-Islamabad area, attacking the state troops and their supply trucks. A battalion of state troops was dispatched, which cleared the roads and dispersed the militias. By September, order was reestablished. The
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and Domel were quickly defeated by tribal forces (Muslim state forces mutinied and joined them) and the way to the capital was open. Among the raiders, there were many active Pakistani Army soldiers disguised as tribals. They were also provided logistical help by the Pakistan Army. Rather than
1703:
The Maharaja was increasingly driven to the wall with the rebellion in the western districts and the Pakistani blockade. He managed to persuade Justice Mahajan to accept the post of Prime Minister (but not to arrive for another month, for procedural reasons). He sent word to the Indian leaders
1039:
could not be completed by 15 August and hence British officers stayed on after the transfer of power. The service chiefs were appointed by the Dominion governments and were responsible to them. The overall administrative control, but not operational control, was vested with Field Marshal
2168:
resolution on 13 August 1948, were adopted by the commission on 5 January 1949.This required Pakistan to withdraw its forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimal forces within the state to preserve law and order. Upon compliance with these conditions, a
2000:
The Indians held onto Jhanger against numerous counterattacks, who were increasingly supported by regular Pakistani Forces. In the Kashmir Valley the Indians attacked, recapturing Tithwail. The Gilgit scouts made good progress in the High Himalayas sector, infiltrating troops to bring
848:. A formal ceasefire was declared effective 1 January 1949. Numerous analysts state that the war ended in a stalemate, with neither side obtaining a clear victory. Others, however, state that India emerged victorious as it successfully gained the majority of the contested territory.
1799:
territory, and the British officers could not a play any role in an inter-Dominion war. The Pakistan Army made available arms, ammunition, and supplies to the rebel forces who were dubbed the "Azad Army". Pakistan Army officers "conveniently" on leave and the former officers of the
1666:, one of a handful of high-ranking officers in the Pakistani Army, with a keen interest in Kashmir, arrived in Murree, and got enmeshed in these efforts. He arranged 4,000 rifles for the rebellion by diverting them from the Army stores. He also wrote out a draft plan titled
2556:
already issued by the Supreme Commander Claude Auchinleck that, in the event of an inter-Dominion war, all the British officers on both the sides should immediately stand down. However, Mountbatten's decision has been questioned by Joseph Korbel and biographer Philip
2173:
was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Owing to disagreements over the demilitarisation steps, a plebiscite was never held and the cease-fire line essentially became permanent. Some sources may refer to 5 January as the beginning of the ceasefire.
2551:
Accession from Kashmir was requested mainly at the insistence of the Governor General Lord Mountbatten, who was congnizant of the apprehensions of the British military officers on both the sides over the possibility of an inter-dominion war. In fact, there was a
2031:. In the Jammu region, the forces besieged in Poonch broke out and temporarily linked up with the outside world again. The Kashmir State army was able to defend Skardu from the Gilgit Scouts impeding their advance down the Indus valley towards Leh. In August the
1769:
Radio communications between the fighting units were operated by the Pakistan Army. Even though the Indian Navy intercepted the communications, lacking intelligence in Jammu and Kashmir, it was unable to determine immediately where the fighting was taking place.
4974:
As 1947 drew to a close, it was already possible to detect a pattern in the Kashmir conflict. The combination of the Azad Kashmiris and the Gilgit Scouts, with varying degrees of assistance both moral and material from Pakistan, had produced the beginnings of a
1704:
through Mahajan that he was willing to accede to India but needed more time to implement political reforms. However, it was India's position that it would not accept accession from the Maharaja unless it had the people's support. The Indian Prime Minister
1064:
tried to exercise restraint on their respective governments. Bucher was apparently successful in doing so in India, but Gracey yielded and let British officers be used in operational roles on the side of Pakistan. One British officer even died in action.
1104:, decided not to accede to either dominion. The reasons cited were that the Muslim majority population of the state would not be comfortable with joining India, and that the Hindu and Sikh minorities would become vulnerable if the state joined Pakistan.
2136:
was finally relieved after a siege of over a year. The Gilgit forces in the High Himalayas, who had previously made good progress, were finally defeated. The Indians pursued as far as Kargil before being forced to halt due to supply problems. The
1393:
According to Indian military sources, the Pakistani Army prepared a plan called Operation Gulmarg and put it into action as early as 20 August, a few days after Pakistan's independence. The plan was accidentally revealed to an Indian officer,
1823:
under the command of a British officer Major William Brown mutinied and overthrew the governor Ghansara Singh. Brown prevailed on the forces to declare accession to Pakistan. They are also believed to have received assistance from the
4967:
Following their open intervention, of course, the Indian strength on this sector, once established, increased rapidly; but never to such an extent as to threaten to overwhelm the Azad Kashmiri defenders. During the course of 1948
2917:
killed, died of wounds, or missing presumed killed. The small RIAF lost a total of 32 officers and men who laid down their lives for the nation during these operations. In this roll of honour, there were no less than 9 officers.
2117:
and his men. Thapa held the Skardu with hardly 250 men for whole six long months without any reinforcement and replenishment. On 14 August, Thapa had to surrender Skardu to the Pakistani Army and raiders after a year long siege.
1814:
In May 1948, the Pakistan Army officially entered the conflict, in theory to defend the Pakistan borders, but it made plans to push towards Jammu and cut the lines of communications of the Indian forces in the Mehndar Valley. In
5083:
The war escalated toward the end of 1948, when Pakistan moved troops up from Lahore to fight in Jammu province, exposing itself to possible attack in the Punjab. However, before the war spread beyond the Kashmir territory, and
1708:
demanded that Sheikh Abdullah should be released from prison and involved in the state's government. Accession could only be contemplated afterwards. Following further negotiations, Sheikh Abdullah was released on 29 September.
1159:
in the north was overwhelmingly Muslim and was directly governed by the British under an agreement with the Maharaja. Shortly before the transfer of power, the British returned the Gilgit Agency to the Maharaja, who appointed a
1951:
where Hindu women were reportedly abducted by tribal forces and taken into Pakistan. They were sold in the brothels of Rawalpindi. Around 400 women jumped into wells in Mirpur committing suicide to escape from being abducted.
1187:
and favoured joining Pakistan. The Hindus of the Jammu province favoured an outright merger with India. In the midst of all the diverging views, the Maharaja's decision to remain independent was apparently a judicious one.
1866:
advancing toward Srinagar before state forces could regroup or be reinforced, the invading forces remained in the captured cities in the border region engaging in looting and other crimes against their inhabitants. In the
3980:
1943:, and evacuated the garrisons of that town and others but were forced to abandon it being too weak to defend it. Meanwhile, Mirpur was captured by the tribal forces on 25 November 1947 with the help of Pakistan's
1716:"wherever there is a dispute in regard to any territory, the matter should be decided by a referendum or plebiscite of the people concerned. We shall accept the result of this referendum whatever it may be."
5487:
Duschinski, Haley; Bhan, Mona; Zia, Ather (2018), "Introduction "Rebels of the Streets": Violence, Protest, and Freedom in Kashmir", in Duschinski, Haley; Bhan, Mona; Zia, Ather; Mahmood, Cynthia (eds.),
5923:
1885:, where they reinforced the princely state forces, established a defence perimeter and defeated the tribal forces on the outskirts of the city. Initial defense operations included the notable defense of
1720:
The policy was communicated to Liaquat Ali Khan on 1 October at a meeting of the Joint Defence Council. Khan's eyes are said to have "sparkled" at the proposal. However, he made no response.
2542:, at the time of independence, Pakistan had one major general, two brigadiers, and six colonels, even though the requirements were for 13 major generals, 40 brigadiers, and 52 colonels.
6965:
1484:
Scholars have noted considerable movement of Pashtun tribes during September–October. By 13 September, armed Pashtuns drifted into Lahore and Rawalpindi. The Deputy Commissioner of
866:
Prior to 1815, the area now known as "Jammu and Kashmir" comprised 22 small independent states (16 Hindu and six Muslim) carved out of territories controlled by the Amir (King) of
5504:
Since India's independence from British colonial rule and the subsequent partition in 1947, India and Pakistan, both of which claim sovereign control over the region, have found
2836:
886:
in the Himachal area. Following the decline of the Mughals, turbulence in Kangra and invasions of Gorkhas, the hill states fell successively under the control of the Sikhs under
3142:
2334:
For bravery, a number of soldiers and officers were awarded the highest gallantry award of their respective countries. Following is a list of the recipients of the Indian award
3965:
1519:
Pakistani sources deny the existence of any plan called Operation Gulmarg. However, Shuja Nawaz does list 22 Pashtun tribes involved in the invasion of Kashmir on 22 October.
2109:. The Pakistani attacked the Skardu on 10 February 1948 which was repulsed by the Indian soldiers. Thereafter, the Skardu Garrison was subjected to continuous attacks by the
3222:
1035:. In the event, Mountbatten stayed on as the Governor General of India, whereas Pakistan chose Jinnah as its Governor General. It was envisaged that the nationalisation of
4491:
Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Operations in Jammu and Kashmir 1947–1948. (1987). Thomson Press (India) Limited, New Delhi. This is the Indian Official History.
2224:
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1474:
5147:
Later, when the outcome of the First Kashmir War did not favor either side, the resulting stalemate led to a puzzling division of Kashmir between the two adversaries.
1023:
advanced the date to 15 August 1947. This gave only six weeks to complete all the arrangements for partition. Mountbatten's original plan was to stay on as the joint
582:
3523:
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were lost after some fighting. State Force records reveal that Muslim officers sent with reinforcements sided with the rebels and murdered the fellow state troops.
5207:
Although the war ended in a stalemate with international intervention, Pakistan may have rightly concluded that the strategy of using irregular fighters succeeded.
6300:
1636:
warning him that "if, God forbid, the Pakistan Government or the Muslim League do not act, Kashmir might be lost to them". This set the ball rolling in Pakistan.
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8580:
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5040:, which was joined in 1948 by regular Pakistani army units, sputtered on until the United Nations imposed a ceasefire in January 1949 between India and Pakistan.
4839:
1939:
southwards, in an attempt to relieve Poonch. Although the relief column eventually reached Poonch, the siege could not be lifted. A second relief column reached
1019:
The original target date for the transfer of power to the new dominions was June 1948. However, fearing the rise of inter-communal violence, the British Viceroy
5627:
3050:
8709:
7699:
7205:
2529:
Under the Jammu and Kashmir Arms Act of 1940, the possession of all fire arms was prohibited in the state. The Dogra Rajputs were however exempted in practice.
5742:
7215:
5048:
Khan, Feroz Hassan; Lavoy, Peter R.; Clary, Christopher (2009). "Pakistan's motivations and calculations for the Kargil conflict". In Lavoy, Peter R. (ed.).
2247:. Army officers thought the government's acceptance of UN mediation and ceasefire was weak and squandered an opportunity to capture the entirety of Kashmir.
1984:
The Indian forces launched a counterattack in the south recapturing Jhanger and Rajauri. In the Kashmir Valley the tribal forces continued attacking the Uri
5088:, a cease-fire was arranged by the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP), a five-member body send by the UN to help resolve the conflict.
4475:
2906:
7200:
817:, they took to plunder and stalled. Maharaja Hari Singh made a plea to India for assistance, and help was offered, but it was subject to his signing of an
5577:
The war for states had not only ended in Indian military victory but had given its leaders enormous self-confidence and satisfaction over a job well done.
1919:, joined the invading tribal forces, who thereby obtained control of this northern region of the state. The tribal forces were also joined by troops from
8550:
8352:
5323:
With British officers present in both armies and the international community urging restraint, the conflict ended in a tactical and strategic stalemate.
5059:, and Pakistani and Indian forces reached a military stalemate in Kashmir. The negotiated Cease-Fire Line was codified in the Karachi Agreement of 1949
8555:
8262:
8257:
7154:
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7122:
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converted the mule track across Zoji La into a jeep track. The surprise attack on 1 November by the brigade with armour supported by two regiments of
8099:
4528:
995:(16 August 1946) and inter-communal violence between Hindus and Muslims became endemic. Consequently, a decision was taken on 3 June 1947 to divide
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17:
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In the first Kashmir war, India occupied two-thirds of the disputed territory and Pakistan was clearly defeated during its first war with India.
2039:
under Mata ul-Mulk besieged Skardu and with the help of artillery were able to take Skardu. This freed the Gilgit Scouts to push further into
8467:
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2219:
663:
575:
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1508:. Scholar Robin James Moore states there is "little doubt" that Pashtuns were involved in border raids all along the Punjab border from the
9009:
7838:
1044:, who was titled the 'Supreme Commander', answerable to a newly formed Joint Defence Council of the two dominions. India appointed General
870:, combined with those of local small rulers. These were collectively referred to as the "Punjab Hill States". These small states, ruled by
5427:
The outcome was a stalemate in which India's democratic desires and Pakistan's security aims were stymied on the altar of greater concerns
921:
and required to pay an indemnity of 1.2 million rupees. Because they could not readily raise this sum, the East India Company allowed the
8907:
8440:
7709:
7704:
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Ayub, Muhammad (2005). An army, Its Role and Rule: A History of the Pakistan Army from Independence to Kargil, 1947–1999. RoseDog Books.
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Persistence and transformation in the Eastern Hindu Kush: a study of resource management systems in Mehlp Valley, Chitral, North Pakistan
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holding both the capital and airfield overnight against extreme odds. The successful defence included an outflanking manoeuvre by Indian
1861:
On 22 October the Pashtun tribal attack was launched in the Muzaffarabad sector. The state forces stationed in the border regions around
1794:
Pakistan refused to recognise the accession of Kashmir to India, claiming that it was obtained by "fraud and violence." Governor General
929:
to acquire Kashmir from the Sikh kingdom in exchange for making a payment of 750,000 rupees to the company. Gulab Singh became the first
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of the Punjab High Court to come as the Prime Minister. On the same day, the Muslim Conference wrote to the Pakistani Prime Minister
1565:
Poonch district of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir (in green) along with Muzaffarabad (blue) and Mirpur (yellow) districts in 1947
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680:
636:
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Numerous analysts state that the war ended in a stalemate, with neither side obtaining a clear victory. Others, however, state that
1673:
On 12 September, the Prime Minister held a meeting with Mian Iftikharuddin, Colonel Akbar Khan and another Punjab politician Sardar
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4716:. New Delhi: History Department, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. (printed at Thomson Press (India) Limited). p. 418.
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With the onset of winter and the consequent problems of maintaining the supply lines, the military situation reached a stalemate.
3219:
1180:
675:
8318:
4979:, and this the cleverer soldiers on both sides appreciated. India now had over 90,000 regular troops in Jammu & Kashmir and
1743:) on 3–4 October 1947. The rebels quickly gained control of almost the entire Poonch district. The State Forces garrison at the
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over the princely states came to an end. The rulers of the states were advised to join one of the two dominions by executing an
9079:
7525:
2958:"An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir war, 1947–48", by Bharat Kumar, Centre for Air Power Studies (New Delhi, India)
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1496:, in lorries provided by the Pakistan government. Preparations for attacking Kashmir were also noted in the princely states of
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crossed the border of the state. These local tribal militias and irregular Pakistani forces moved to take the capital city of
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1662:. From there, the rebels attempted to acquire arms and ammunition for the rebellion and smuggle them into Kashmir. Colonel
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Tikoo, Colonel Tej K. (2013). "Genesis of Kashmir Problem and how it got Complicated: Events between 1931 and 1947 AD".
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2258:, only minor changes in the ground situation had been effected. After the last war, the two countries reached the 1972
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During this time the front began to settle down. The siege of Poonch continued. An unsuccessful attack was launched by
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717:
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116:
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The first Kashmir War between India and Pakistan lasted from October 1947 to January 1949 and ended in a stalemate...
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43:
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Indian losses in the war totalled 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded; Pakistani, about 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded.
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be all kinds of repercussions." Both Lockhart and Messervy were replaced in the course of war, and their successors
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7500:
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7026:
5729:
India won, and gained two-thirds of Kashmir, which it successfully held against another Pakistani invasion in 1965.
5592:
India won, and gained two-thirds of Kashmir, which it successfully held against another Pakistani invasion in 1965.
2466:
988:
641:
4812:
8977:
8435:
8331:
7850:
7679:
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were moved in dismantled conditions through Srinagar and winched across bridges while two field companies of the
1783:
recognised the accession of the princely state to India. Indian troops were sent to the state to defend it. The
8756:
8626:
8560:
7744:
7689:
7669:
7488:
7348:
6999:
4236:
2240:
2144:
At 23.59 hrs on 1 January 1949, a United Nations-mediated ceasefire came into effect, bring the war to an end.
2141:
pass was forced by using tanks (which had not been thought possible at that altitude) and Dras was recaptured.
1663:
1384:
181:
1073:
9074:
9069:
8829:
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8407:
7908:
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7292:
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2086:
1658:
Meanwhile, Sardar Ibrahim had escaped to West Punjab, along with dozens of rebels, and established a base in
1553:
had been annexed from the Dogra dynasty, and was made part of Pakistan after a brief provisional government.
1179:
and was believed to favour joining India. On the other hand, the Muslims of the Jammu province supported the
9054:
8723:
8087:
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7974:
7378:
7241:
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5132:
4536:
2058:
1678:
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1431:
1107:
In 1947, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir had a wide range of ethnic and religious communities. The
833:
292:
8687:
2214:
in July 1949 and established a ceasefire line to be supervised by observers. After the termination of the
1123:, consisting of five districts, had roughly equal numbers of Hindus and Muslims in the eastern districts (
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8059:
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Punjab Cavalry: Evolution, Role, Organisation and Tactical Doctrine 11 Cavalry, Frontier Force, 1849–1971
4634:
Punjab Cavalry: Evolution, Role, Organisation and Tactical Doctrine 11 Cavalry, Frontier Force, 1849–1971
2441:
1965:
1873:
Records indicate that the Pakistani tribals beheaded many Hindu and Sikh civilians in Jammu and Kashmir.
1837:
5158:
The International Ambitions of Mao and Nehru: National Efficacy Beliefs and the Making of Foreign Policy
4684:
2023:
The Indians continued to attack in the Kashmir Valley sector driving north to capture Keran and Gurais (
1853:
9039:
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9029:
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8786:
8741:
8659:
8151:
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1455:
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802:
621:
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378:
268:
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9059:
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7979:
7659:
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7425:
6992:
5722:
5585:
5248:
3243:
3241:
2516:, who opened a Demi-Official letter marked "Personal/Top Secret" on 20 August 1947 signed by General
2496:
1976:. By this stage of the war the front line began to stabilise as more Indian troops became available.
1644:
the National Conference held strong in the Kashmir Valley and ruled out the possibility of a revolt.
1546:
653:
280:
4142:
3444:
1881:
After the accession, India airlifted troops and equipment to Srinagar under the command of Lt. Col.
8171:
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7903:
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7855:
7833:
7786:
7515:
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5177:
Although certain minor operations were possible, India was essentially confronted with a stalemate.
3922:
would only be more easily accepted if Abdullah, as a popular leader, were brought into the picture.
1920:
1833:
1505:
1410:, were to be recruited from among various Pashtun tribes, and armed at the brigade headquarters at
1176:
825:
5263:
That effort failed, and the ensuing war in 1947 – 48 ended in a military stalemate.
3238:
8368:
8029:
7913:
7893:
7888:
7649:
7437:
6353:
6071:
5948:
Literature and Politics in the Age of Nationalism: The Progressive Episode in South Asia, 1932–56
5308:
5293:
In January 1948, with a military stalemate at hand, India referred the Kashmir dispute to the UN.
5192:
4216:
3432:
3159:
2553:
1184:
1093:
984:
818:
658:
2187:
India gained control of about two-thirds of the Jammu and Kashmir princely state, including the
9024:
9019:
9014:
8472:
8386:
8291:
8286:
8272:
8179:
7946:
7431:
7297:
7287:
7225:
5656:
2694:
American Interests in South Asia: Building a Grand Strategy in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India
2383:
2200:
2082:
1969:
1890:
1806:
1686:
913:
of 1846, the Sikhs were made to surrender the valuable region (the Jullundur Doab) between the
722:
478:
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6216:
5973:
5946:
5863:
5776:
5462:
5384:
5242:
5216:
5156:
4929:
4903:"Resolution adopted by the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan on 13 August 1948"
4099:
3748:
3649:
3622:
3065:
2692:
2648:
2065:
pass. Operation Duck, the earlier epithet for this assault, was renamed as Operation Bison by
1470:. Detailed arrangements for the military leadership and armaments were described in the plan.
8834:
8727:
8631:
8621:
8616:
8344:
7941:
7936:
7918:
7388:
7332:
7170:
7137:
6333:
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6133:
6000:
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5683:
5658:
Nations and Nationalism [4 volumes]: A Global Historical Overview [4 volumes]
5527:
5436:
5410:
5332:
5302:
5272:
5186:
5126:
3874:
3872:
3569:
3191:
2971:
The Oxford Companion to Modern Warfare in India: From the Eighteenth Century to Present Times
2421:
2236:
2078:
1935:
Indian forces ceased pursuit of tribal forces after recapturing Uri and Baramula, and sent a
1729:
1712:
Nehru, foreseeing a number of disputes over princely states, formulated a policy that states
1595:
Muslim Conference sources, on the other hand, narrate that hundreds of people were killed in
1570:
1497:
1116:
798:
6088:
5629:
The Global Rise of Asian Transformation: Trends and Developments in Economic Growth Dynamics
4831:
3413:
1600:
Commissioner in Pakistan, H. S. Stephenson, "the Poonch affair... was greatly exaggerated".
8912:
8669:
8664:
8412:
8139:
7865:
7860:
7408:
7373:
7322:
7267:
7180:
3932:
3930:
2584:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: KW Publishers in association with Centre for Air Power Studies.
2399:
2374:
1948:
1800:
1528:
1501:
1136:
1000:
894:
754:
196:
6780:
The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy, 1951: The First Coup Attempt in Pakistan
3947:
3945:
3869:
8:
8417:
8187:
7994:
7583:
7327:
7175:
7149:
6753:
5892:
The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy 1951: The First Coup Attempt in Pakistan
3549:
2784:
1894:
1795:
1780:
1097:
1077:
1036:
1032:
467:
420:
6819:. (1987). Thomson Press (India) Limited, New Delhi. This is the Indian Official History.
6776:
4443:
Back to the future: the Khanate of Kalat and the genesis of Baluch Nationalism 1915–1955
4038:
3927:
3485:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
1549:. The operation was launched shortly after the independence of Pakistan. By 1 November,
991:, demanding a separate state for India's Muslims. The demand took a violent turn on the
805:, and lost control in portions of the western districts. On 22 October 1947, Pakistan's
402:
393:
384:
177:
8938:
8425:
8144:
8014:
7644:
7530:
7393:
7353:
7302:
6727:
6674:
6622:
6554:
6204:
5866:, in Joachim Alexander Koops; Norrie MacQueen; Thierry Tardy; Paul D. Williams (eds.),
4993:
Jihad as Grand Strategy: Islamist Militancy, National Security, and the Pakistani State
4281:
4074:
4068:
4022:
4014:
3942:
3624:
State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c. 1900–1950, By I. Copland
3125:
1674:
1640:
1629:
1596:
1395:
1344:
978:
906:
857:
773:. Pakistan precipitated the war a few weeks after its independence by launching tribal
770:
397:
223:
59:
51:
4262:
3884:
3779:
3668:
2199:. Pakistan had control of one-third of the state: three western districts later named
2184:
emerged victorious as it successfully gained the majority of the contested territory.
8377:
7358:
6948:
6937:
6919:
6872:
6847:
6830:
6784:
6763:
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6713:
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6516:
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6474:
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6408:
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6033:
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5871:
5816:
5805:
5780:
5769:
5748:
5689:
5662:
5633:
5607:
5566:
5533:
5529:
Pakistan's National Security Approach and Post-Cold War Security: Uneasy Co-existence
5493:
5468:
5442:
5416:
5390:
5364:
5338:
5312:
5282:
5252:
5222:
5218:
The Frontier Complex: Geopolitics and the Making of the India-China Border, 1846–1962
5196:
5166:
5136:
5101:
5072:
5024:
4996:
4935:
4870:
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2585:
2369:
2366:
2211:
2074:
2036:
1829:
1041:
1004:
992:
970:
750:
142:
6560:
Looking Back: The Autobiography of Mehr Chand Mahajan, Former Chief Justice of India
6187:
Bangash, Yaqoob Khan (2010), "Three Forgotten Accessions: Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar",
6131:
5050:
Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict
1670:
and gave it to Mian Iftikharuddin to be passed on to the Pakistan's Prime Minister.
1579:, about which diverging views have been received. Poonch was originally an internal
8897:
8796:
8641:
8336:
8229:
8219:
7956:
7628:
7505:
7456:
7368:
7071:
7015:
6666:
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4006:
3730:
3714:
3450:
3438:
3294:
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1924:
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1882:
1705:
1696:
1633:
1620:
1612:
1584:
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1459:
1434:
by the first week of September. They were expected to reach the launching point of
1108:
1024:
1020:
910:
626:
605:
431:
345:
334:
170:
47:
6869:
Without Baggage: A personal account of the Jammu and Kashmir Operations 1947–1949
5464:
Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World
3997:
Ganguly, Sumit (September 1995), "Wars without End: The Indo-Pakistani Conflict",
3571:
Himalayan Frontiers of India: Historical, Geo-Political and Strategic Perspectives
3318:
2203:, and the northern areas including the Gilgit district, the Gilgit Agency and the
2113:
for the next three months and each time, their attack was repulsed by the Colonel
1284:
8890:
8824:
8811:
8234:
8201:
8166:
7443:
7363:
7312:
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6489:
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6447:
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6027:
5652:
5601:
5560:
5358:
4782:
4755:
4728:
4632:
4605:
4578:
4551:
4502:
4479:
4456:
4416:
4375:
4312:
4177:
4148:
3904:
3838:
3791:
3464:
3261:
3226:
3015:
2969:
2803:
2719:
2579:
2436:
2416:
2404:
2377:
2352:
2339:
2263:
2259:
2157:
2114:
2024:
2018:
1689:, the head of the Muslim League National Guard, to mobilise the Frontier tribes.
1489:
1415:
1172:
1101:
845:
406:
8719:
4384:
4010:
3857:
3537:
3282:
555:, prompting the armies of India and Pakistan to get involved shortly afterwards.
8885:
5532:. Routledge Studies in South Asian Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 34.
5375:
In the south of J&K, the war situation was essentially a stalemate by 1949.
4676:
4293:
4269:
3605:
3603:
2539:
2517:
2456:
2386:
2292:
2192:
2188:
2032:
1825:
1751:
1443:
1120:
1112:
1061:
1049:
934:
758:
548:
544:
453:
442:
249:
244:
6732:
6670:
6200:
6005:. Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series. Taylor & Francis. p. 76.
3734:
3574:. Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series. Taylor & Francis. p. 60.
3113:
9003:
8943:
7808:
5707:
Pakistan has fought and lost four wars with India (1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999)
5603:
War bellies: the critical relationship between resolve and domestic audiences
5349:
A stalemate developed, with neither side able to win an overwhelming victory.
5100:. Asian Security Studies series. London and New York: Routledge. p. 91.
5021:
War at the Top of the World: The Struggle for Afghanistan, Kashmir, and Tibet
4958:
4396:
4355:
4343:
4173:
4064:
3963:
3121:
2513:
2509:
2288:
2133:
2110:
1936:
1916:
1820:
1744:
1542:
1538:
1399:
1156:
996:
957:
922:
875:
239:
210:
64:
6971:
4130:
3685:
3683:
3600:
3270:
3171:
1260:
1151:) in the east had a significant Buddhist presence with a Muslim majority in
8717:
8281:
7547:
6530:
6422:
4970:
a stalemate was reached which has persisted more or less to the present day
3506:"Memories of a Soldier by Major General Syed Wajahat Hussain (Book Review)"
3342:
2914:. History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. p. 379.
1944:
1867:
1862:
1447:
1206:
1045:
918:
887:
883:
560:
356:
312:
263:
6302:
History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820–1956: The State Force Background
6281:
History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820–1956: The State Force Background
4934:. Routledge Studies in Modern History. Taylor & Francis. p. 144.
4179:
India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The covert war in Kashmir, 1947–2004
3473:
3306:
1272:
1068:
8928:
8880:
7928:
7880:
7615:
7602:
6487:
6335:
The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective
4931:
Embassies in Crisis: Studies of Diplomatic Missions in Testing Situations
3680:
3588:
3491:
3397:
3354:
2361:
2295:
were awarded to units of the Indian Army, the notable amongst which are:
2098:
2006:
1902:
1788:
1755:
1625:
1509:
1356:
946:
926:
898:
867:
489:
448:
437:
362:
351:
302:
157:
5864:"United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)"
5301:
Chari, P. R.; Cheema, Pervaiz Iqbal; Cohen, Stephen P. (19 March 2009).
4101:
State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c. 1900–1950
3366:
1692:
1164:
governor for the district and a British commander for the local forces.
8801:
8224:
8194:
7076:
6752:
6631:
5618:
the 1947 First Kashmir (won by India, according to MIDS classification)
5098:
Nuclear Weapons and Conflict Transformation: The Case of India-Pakistan
4154:
4018:
3936:
3890:
3878:
3785:
3701:
3674:
3165:
2451:
2358:
2170:
1908:
In the Poonch valley, tribal forces continued to besiege state forces.
1647:
1513:
1435:
1370:
1308:
1248:
1089:
1057:
1031:
till June 1948. However, this was not accepted by the Pakistani leader
945:
that was to rule the state, the second-largest principality during the
914:
790:
780:
631:
388:
367:
308:
7579:
6656:
6449:
The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan
6352:
6154:
4287:
3951:
3555:
3324:
2887:
2869:
2858:
1591:(Sardar Ibrahim) to further their campaign for accession to Pakistan.
1220:
5278:
3330:
2229:
2204:
2089:, forced the pass and pushed the tribal and Pakistani forces back to
2070:
1898:
1740:
1463:
1152:
814:
6705:
6169:
Jammu and Kashmir War, 1947–1948: Political and Military Perspective
5761:
4118:
3767:
3300:
8902:
6984:
6709:
The Shadow of the Great Game: The Untold Story of India's Partition
6186:
5117:, the war has left a permanent mark on the India-Pakistan conflict.
5086:
before a conclusive military outcome was reached on the battlefield
4784:
Operation Rescue:Military Operations in Jammu & Kashmir 1947–49
4240:
2938:(paperback ed.). HarperCollins Publishers India. p. 343.
2721:
Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948
2635:
2152:
1985:
1608:
1561:
1438:
on 18 October, and cross into Jammu and Kashmir on 22 October. Ten
1419:
1407:
1124:
1028:
930:
841:
810:
794:
495:
484:
473:
459:
254:
191:
6916:
The Indian Armour: History Of The Indian Armoured Corps 1941–1971
6588:
5304:
Four Crises and a Peace Process: American Engagement in South Asia
5244:
The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia
4963:
Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute 1947–1948
4204:
Incomplete partition: the genesis of the Kashmir dispute 1947–1948
3999:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
3543:
2929:
2927:
2925:
1955:
1870:, the state forces retreated into towns where they were besieged.
1603:
1533:
Operation Datta Khel was a military operation and coup planned by
1473:
The regimental records show that, by the last week of August, the
6002:
Regional Economic Integration in South Asia: Trapped in Conflict?
2674:
2672:
2670:
2267:
2266:
and disavowing the use of force across it. In 1984, India gained
2160:
between India and Pakistan agreed in the Simla Agreement (UN Map)
2138:
2090:
2062:
2028:
1961:
1930:
1763:
1575:
Sometime in August 1947, the first signs of trouble broke out in
1493:
1478:
1234:
902:
784:
464:
90:
6404:
India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy
6256:
5651:
4054:, Azad Kashmir Regimental Centre, NLC Printers, Rawalpindi,1997
3803:
3797:
3378:
2207:
tehsil of the Ladakh district (later renamed Gilgit-Baltistan).
4418:
Gilgit Rebelion: The Major Who Mutinied Over Partition of India
3815:
3396:
2922:
2196:
2106:
2040:
1989:
1973:
1912:
1816:
1759:
1736:
1659:
1651:
1161:
1144:
1012:
1008:
871:
775:
298:
6726:
6218:
Gentlemen of the Raj: The Indian Army Officer Corps, 1817–1949
5715:
5233:
In the stalemate that followed the first Indo-Pakistani War...
4402:
4390:
4377:
Auchinleck: A Biography of Field-Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck
4361:
4349:
4299:
4275:
3609:
3420:
3177:
2738:
2667:
2495:
Auchinleck was an Indian Army officer since 1903 who had been
2235:
The resentment over Pakistani defeat in the war resulted in a
2132:
The Indians now started to get the upper hand in all sectors.
1857:
Pashtun warriors from different tribes on their way to Kashmir
1758:
on the Jhelum river were captured by rebels around 8 October.
1167:
The predominant political movement in the Kashmir Valley, the
6627:. History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India.
6609:
6421:
5868:
The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
5734:
5069:
Peace Time: Cease-Fire Agreements and the Duribility of Peace
4136:
4039:
Zaheer, The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy 1998
2215:
2181:
1968:
unsuccessfully, and made a series of unsuccessful attacks on
1940:
1685:. The Prime Minister approved both the plans, and despatched
1628:
in his place. On 25 August, he sent an invitation to Justice
1467:
1427:
1423:
1411:
1332:
1320:
1296:
1132:
1128:
965:
879:
373:
340:
137:
6860:
Slender Was The Thread: The Kashmir confrontation 1947–1948.
6657:
Nawaz, Shuja (May 2008), "The First Kashmir War Revisited",
6165:
6086:
5807:
Perspectives on Kashmir: the roots of conflict in South Asia
3689:
3594:
3100:
Nawaz, Shuja (May 2008), "The First Kashmir War Revisited",
2690:
2581:
An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir War 1947–1948
2225:
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
2105:
while their opponents eventually withdrew northwards toward
1979:
6214:
5791:
Indo Pakistani war of 1947: India gained two third Kashmir.
4867:
In a State of Violent Peace: Voices from the Kashmir Valley
4841:
In a State of Violent Peace: Voices from the Kashmir Valley
3312:
2094:
787:
and to preempt the possibility of its ruler joining India.
6135:
The Kashmir Conflict: From Empire to the Cold War, 1945–66
5412:
The Kashmir Conflict: From Empire to the Cold War, 1945–66
4052:
History of the Azad Kashmir Regiment, Volume 1 (1947–1949)
2760:
Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice
6529:
6428:
Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition
5685:
My Enemy's Enemy: Proxy Warfare in International Politics
4883:
4160:
3996:
3906:
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2102:
2002:
1876:
6508:
6397:
5632:(illustrated ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 37.
5128:
Complex Rivalry: The Dynamics of India-Pakistan Conflict
4458:
Frontier facets: Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province
4223:
Prasad & Pal, Operations in Jammu & Kashmir 1987
4149:
Brahma Singh, History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles (2010)
3863:
3451:
Prasad & Pal, Operations in Jammu & Kashmir 1987
3439:
Prasad & Pal, Operations in Jammu & Kashmir 1987
3348:
3288:
3276:
3248:
Prasad & Pal, Operations in Jammu & Kashmir 1987
1475:
11th Prince Albert Victor's Own Cavalry (Frontier Force)
973:, Supreme Commander of Indian and Pakistani armed forces
7283:
2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing
6688:
Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within
6613:
Jammu and Kashmir Arms: History of the J & K Rifles
6376:
6152:
3479:
3372:
3360:
3336:
3090:
By B. Chakravorty, "Stories of Heroism, Volume 1", p. 5
3017:
With Honour & Glory: Wars fought by India 1947–1999
1175:, believed in secular politics. It was allied with the
1069:
Developments in Jammu and Kashmir (August–October 1947)
6331:
4637:. Karachi: Oxford University Press. pp. 157–160.
4243:
on 17 November 2015 – via Store norske leksikon.
4124:
515:
1,990 J&K forces killed or missing presumed killed
119:
controlled by Pakistan. Indian control over remainder.
8382:(Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)
6684:
6553:
5334:
Pakistan Since Independence: A History, 1947 to Today
4806:
4804:
4733:. Lancer Publishers & Distributors. p. 227.
3773:
1754:
of the Mirpur district, border posts at Saligram and
6918:. (1987). Vision Books Private Limited, New Delhi,
6445:
4714:
History of Operations in Jammu and Kashmir 1947–1948
3193:
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2750:
1897:. The defeated tribal forces were pursued as far as
1100:
of Jammu and Kashmir, along with his prime minister
840:
on 26 October 1947, Indian troops were airlifted to
6103:
5188:
Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War
4927:
3840:
Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War
3809:
1840:, which had acceded to Pakistan on 6 October 1947.
1135:), and a Muslim majority in the western districts (
6731:
6057:
6029:Battle Honours of the Indian Army 1757 – 1971
5804:
5768:
4801:
3902:
3627:. Palgrave Macmillan. 26 April 2005. p. 143.
3426:
3384:
3253:
3067:India's Armed Forces: Fifty Years of War and Peace
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2009:and defeating a relief column heading for Skardu.
1791:in its campaign to drive out the Pathan invaders.
1723:
6466:
5486:
4182:. Asian Security Studies. Routledge. p. 19.
3966:"Qaiyum Khan and the War of Kashmir, 1947–48 AD."
3821:
2744:
2678:
2243:in 1951 against the government of Prime Minister
2121:
1119:had a majority Muslim population (over 90%). The
1048:as its Army chief and Pakistan appointed General
9001:
6470:Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir
6189:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
5894:. Oxford University Press. pp. xvi, 28–29.
5606:. University of Wisconsin—Madison. p. 142.
5300:
4305:
3492:Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold (2008)
1927:the Mehtar of Chitral, had acceded to Pakistan.
1677:. Hayat Khan had a separate plan, involving the
8314:Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War
6934:History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles (1820–1956)
6539:(second ed.). Princeton University Press.
6060:"Henry Scott: The forgotten soldier of Kashmir"
5861:
4711:
4705:
4556:. In Kommission bei Asgard-Verlag. p. 32.
4482:, Air Combat Information Group, 29 October 2003
3512:, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform,
3000:
2027:). They also repelled a counterattack aimed at
1956:Fall of Jhanger and attacks on Naoshera and Uri
1604:Pakistan's preparations, Maharaja's manoeuvring
961:Partition of India and the movement of refugees
949:, until India gained its independence in 1947.
547:tribesmen and Tanoli from Pakistan invaded the
7750:Department of Defence Research and Development
7700:Director General Armed Forces Medical Services
6738:. London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co.
5071:. Princeton University Press. pp. 59–61.
5047:
3497:
3259:
2228:(UNMOGIP) to observe and report violations of
1992:was brought under siege by the Gilgit Scouts.
1931:Attempted link-up at Poonch and fall of Mirpur
8703:
8468:Defence Research and Development Organisation
7563:
7000:
6976:
6221:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 133–.
6156:Kashmir, 1945–66: From Empire to the Cold War
6032:. New Delhi: Vision Books. pp. 227–238.
5862:Shucksmith, Christy; White, Nigel D. (2015),
5274:The Kashmir Question: Retrospect and Prospect
4288:Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir (2014)
3215:
3213:
2691:Nicholas Burns; Jonathon Price, eds. (2011).
2012:
1972:. In the south a minor Indian attack secured
1003:comprising the Muslim majority areas and the
874:, were variously independent, vassals of the
664:1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown
576:
7577:
6431:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 185–.
6260:NOTHING BUT!: Book Three: What Price Freedom
5889:
5796:
5492:, Pennsylvania University Press, p. 2,
4367:
3937:Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010
3891:Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010
3879:Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010
3786:Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010
3702:Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History 2013
3675:Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010
3561:
3260:Hutchison, J.; Vogel, Jean Philippe (1933).
3166:Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010
2820:Indian forces won control of most of Kashmir
2805:Encyclopedia of Conflicts since World War II
2777:
1915:, the state paramilitary forces, called the
1406:(tribal militias), each consisting of 1,000
1088:With the independence of the Dominions, the
765:from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of four
590:
5992:
5965:
5938:
5724:New Zealand Defence Quarterly, Issues 24–29
5587:New Zealand Defence Quarterly, Issues 24–29
5382:
5221:. Cambridge University Press. p. 237.
4995:. Oxford University Press. pp. 49–50.
4981:yet no quick military solution was in sight
4685:"Operations in Jammu and Kashmir 1947–1948"
4044:
3952:Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014
3717:(March 1998), "Response (to the reviews of
3556:Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008
3325:Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008
3057:
2888:Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008
2870:Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008
2859:Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
8710:
8696:
8327:Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait
7570:
7556:
7007:
6993:
6936:. (1990). Lancer International New Delhi,
6624:Operations in Jammu & Kashmir, 1947–48
6512:The Great Divide: Britain, India, Pakistan
5870:, Oxford University Press, pp. 139–,
5727:. New Zealand. Ministry of Defence. 1999.
5688:. Liverpool University Press. p. 27.
5625:
5590:. New Zealand. Ministry of Defence. 1999.
5453:The 1947 war ended in a military stalemate
5386:International Conflict: Logic and Evidence
5383:Quackenbush, Stephen L. (12 August 2014).
5052:. Cambridge University Press. p. 71.
4408:
4070:Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace
3210:
2908:Operations in Jammu & Kashmir, 1947–48
2801:
2300:Jammu and Kashmir 1947–48 (theatre honour)
2164:The terms of the ceasefire, laid out in a
2097:. The brigade linked up on 24 November at
1995:
1810:A Pakistan Army convoy advances in Kashmir
1639:Liaquat Ali Khan sent a Punjab politician
583:
569:
6817:Operations in Jammu and Kashmir 1947–1948
6813:Ministry of Defence, Government of India
5747:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 460.
5565:. Columbia University Press. p. 66.
4662:. New Delhi, Atlanta: Lancer Publishers.
3957:
3301:Sarila, The Shadow of the Great Game 2007
3040:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2756:
2631:
2629:
1980:Operation Vijay: counterattack to Jhanger
1681:and the militant Pashtun tribes from the
1191:
8764:Taliban insurgency in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
7871:Armed Forces Special Operations Division
6019:
5978:. Oxford University Press. p. 231.
5467:. Pearson Education India. p. 208.
5441:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 76.
5363:. Oxford University Press. p. 185.
5331:Sprague, Stanley B. (12 November 2020).
5240:
5018:
4810:
4787:. New Delhi: Vision Books. p. 174.
4730:In the Line of Duty: A Soldier Remembers
4660:Kashmir: Its Aborigines and their Exodus
3753:. Oxford University Press. p. 155.
3647:
2974:. Oxford University Press. p. 215.
2843:
2724:. Oxford University Press. p. 141.
2653:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 158.
2636:Bangash, Three Forgotten Accessions 2010
2262:, converting the cease-fire line into a
2151:
1960:The tribal forces attacked and captured
1852:
1805:
1691:
1646:
1607:
1560:
1541:, aimed at overthrowing the rule of the
1072:
964:
956:
27:1947–1948 war between India and Pakistan
6898:. (1955). Orient Longman Ltd. Hyderabad
6862:(1969). Orient Longmans Ltd, New Delhi.
6621:Prasad, Sri Nandan; Pal, Dharm (1987).
5855:
5740:
5661:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 1235.
5562:Pakistan: The Consolidation of a Nation
5356:
5330:
5270:
5214:
5154:
4774:
4754:Bloeria, Sudhir S. (31 December 1997).
4753:
4630:
4604:Snedden, Christopher (1 January 2015).
4603:
4580:Pakistan: The Consolidation of a Nation
4570:
4373:
4234:
4097:
3843:. Oxford University Press. p. 58.
3746:
3567:
3544:Moore, Making the new Commonwealth 1987
3063:
2905:Prasad, Sri Nandan; Pal, Dharm (1987).
2684:
2287:After the war, a total of number of 11
1905:and these towns, too, were recaptured.
1785:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
1773:
1522:
1007:comprising the rest. The two provinces
14:
9002:
6871:. (1987). Natraj Publishers Dehradun.
6567:
6263:. Partridge Publishing. pp. 42–.
6257:Bhattacharya, Brigadier Samir (2013).
5971:
5802:
5681:
5599:
5558:
5434:
5066:
4928:Pastor-Castro, R.; Thomas, M. (2020).
4864:
4837:
4760:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 72.
4576:
4549:
4104:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 143.
3719:The Origins of a Dispute: Kashmir 1947
3654:. Sarup & Sons. pp. 178–179.
3462:
3053:from the original on 17 November 2015.
2893:
2646:
2626:
2608:
1877:Indian operation in the Kashmir Valley
1803:were recruited to command the forces.
1556:
1488:noted a scheme to send tribesmen from
1016:affected by the happenings in Punjab.
8860:War with Islamic State (2022–Present)
8691:
7551:
7092:2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
6988:
6975:
6968:, Indian Army, archived 5 April 2011.
6966:Partition and Indo Pak War of 1947–48
6908:. (1962). Military Digest, New Delhi.
6827:Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, 1846–1990
6638:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 101–.
6359:War and Diplomacy in Kashmir, 1947–48
6235:
6025:
5998:
5951:. Taylor & Francis. p. 128.
5944:
5435:Behera, Navnita Chadha (1 May 2007).
5408:
5124:
4990:
4921:
4889:
4780:
4726:
4701:from the original on 20 October 2016.
4657:
4500:
4454:
4414:
4172:
3798:Bhattacharya, What Price Freedom 2013
3723:Commonwealth and Comparative Politics
3099:
3043:"Indian military hysteria since 1947"
3013:
2933:
2863:
2839:from the original on 30 January 2015.
2808:. Taylor & Francis. p. 721.
2640:
2620:
2598:from the original on 6 February 2023.
2577:
952:
564:
8499:List of equipment of the Indian Army
7014:
6383:. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
5916:"Rawalpindi conspiracy case, part 1"
5674:left the majority of it under India.
5215:Gardner, Kyle J. (21 January 2021).
5184:
5155:Kennedy, Andrew (29 December 2011).
5113:India reciprocated in kind. Though
5095:
4965:. Roxford Books. pp. 181, 197.
4957:
4814:Trishul: Ladakh And Kargil 1947–1993
4331:from the original on 6 February 2023
4235:Filseth, Gunnar (13 November 2018).
4196:
4073:. Harvard University Press. p.
4063:
3833:
3503:
3469:. Allied Publishers. pp. 40–42.
3189:
3070:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 160–.
2717:
2128:Military operations in Poonch (1948)
2053:Military operations in Ladakh (1948)
1843:
1454:were expected to join the rebels in
983:The years 1946–1947 saw the rise of
824:The war was initially fought by the
797:of Jammu and Kashmir, was facing an
7755:Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare
7247:UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute
6338:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 51–.
5926:from the original on 28 August 2009
5771:The Kingfisher History Encyclopedia
5525:
5460:
5360:Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris
4727:Singh, Harbakhsh (1 January 2000).
4607:Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris
4504:The Making of Pakistani Human Bombs
4461:. National Book Foundation; Lahore.
4415:Brown, William (30 November 2014).
4403:Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003
4391:Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003
4362:Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003
4350:Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003
4317:. Allied Publishers Limited. 1992.
4300:Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003
4276:Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003
4247:
4228:
3750:Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris
3713:
3610:Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003
3510:Pakistan Military Review, Volume 18
3178:Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003
3020:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 18–.
2967:
2961:
2571:
2329:
1848:
24:
7674:Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee
7404:Tehreek-e-Azaadi Jammu and Kashmir
6844:The Indian Army After Independence
6799:
6491:Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold
5125:Mohan, Surinder (6 October 2022).
4137:Palit, Jammu and Kashmir Arms 1972
3504:Amin, Agha Humayun (August 2015),
2697:. Aspen Institute. pp. 155–.
2277:
2101:with Indian troops advancing from
2046:
901:, which asserted sovereignty over
862:Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)
25:
9091:
8752:Civil unrest in Southern Pakistan
8581:Indian Maritime Security Strategy
7399:Islamic State – Khorasan Province
7273:2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre
7082:2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff
6959:
5644:Victor: India, Defeated: Pakistan
4909:from the original on 7 March 2016
4682:
4550:Rahman, Fazlur (1 January 2007).
3986:from the original on 9 March 2017
3690:Ankit, The Problem of Poonch 2010
3595:Ankit, The Problem of Poonch 2010
3526:from the original on 8 March 2021
3266:. Superint., Gov. Print., Punjab.
3263:History of the Panjab Hill States
2791:from the original on 2 June 2012.
2763:. Hurst Publishers. p. 204.
2447:Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
2282:
897:(1845–46) was fought between the
67:soldiers during the 1947–1948 war
8747:Civil unrest in Eastern Pakistan
8718:
8655:
8654:
8612:Women in the Indian Armed Forces
8235:Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes
7846:Northern Theatre Command (India)
7621:
7608:
7595:
7578:
6846:. (1993). Lancer International,
6242:. University of Nebraska Press.
6159:(phd), University of Southampton
5908:
5883:
5829:
5516:
5023:. Routledge. pp. 121, 157.
4948:
4895:
4858:
4817:. Lancer Publishers. p. 5.
4747:
4720:
4712:Prasad, S.N.; Dharm Pal (1987).
4651:
4624:
4597:
4543:
4521:
4494:
4485:
4465:
4448:
4435:
4261:. 2 January 2002. Archived from
3651:Kashmir and the Freedom Movement
3313:Barua, Gentlemen of the Raj 2003
2988:from the original on 18 May 2022
2486:officers and Pakistan over 1000.
2467:List of wars between democracies
1369:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1233:
1219:
1205:
1198:
494:
483:
472:
458:
447:
436:
425:
414:
401:
392:
383:
372:
361:
350:
339:
328:
307:
297:
286:
274:
262:
230:
216:
203:
190:
176:
163:
150:
136:
58:
9010:Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
8332:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
7851:Western Theatre Command (India)
7463:Jammu and Kashmir Accession Day
7211:Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill)
7057:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
6706:Sarila, Narendra Singh (2007).
6104:Ankit, Rakesh (November 2010),
6050:
5490:Resisting Occupation in Kashmir
5271:Ganguly, Sumit (1 March 2004).
4692:Centre for Land Warfare Studies
4507:. Lexington Books. p. 35.
4473:I Indo-Pakistani War, 1947–1949
4166:
4091:
4057:
3990:
3964:ul-Hassan, Syed Minhaj (2015),
3896:
3827:
3740:
3707:
3641:
3615:
3456:
3390:
3183:
3135:
3093:
3084:
3034:
2952:
2936:Kargil from Surprise to Victory
2825:
2795:
2545:
2532:
2523:
2502:
2489:
2479:
1724:Operations in Poonch and Mirpur
838:accession of the state to India
799:uprising by his Muslim subjects
743:Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
37:Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
18:Indo-Pakistani war of 1947-1948
9045:Government of Liaquat Ali Khan
8627:Indian Armed Forces rank flags
7745:Department of Military Affairs
7349:Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
6759:Kashmir: The Unwritten History
6239:The State at War in South Asia
5409:Ankit, Rakesh (17 June 2016).
5067:Fortna, Virginia Page (2017).
4161:Korbel, Danger in Kashmir 1966
4005:, Sage Publications: 167–178,
3973:FWU Journal of Social Sciences
3480:Effendi, Punjab Cavalry (2007)
3190:Lyon, Peter (1 January 2008).
3014:Singh, Maj Gen Jagjit (2000).
2757:Valentine, Simon Ross (2008).
2711:
2614:
2602:
2218:, the Security Council passed
2210:India and Pakistan signed the
2122:Operation Easy; Poonch link-up
999:into two separate states, the
826:Jammu and Kashmir State Forces
182:Jammu and Kashmir State Forces
173:(Combat, transport and supply)
102:
79:October 1947 – 1 January 1949
13:
1:
8441:Counter-insurgency operations
7772:Standing Committee on Defence
7767:Cabinet Committee on Security
7293:2002 Raghunath temple attacks
7143:2016 Nagrota army base attack
6635:War and Peace in Modern India
6087:Ankit, Rakesh (August 2010),
5357:Snedden, Christopher (2015).
5038:Further inconclusive fighting
4781:Sinha, Lt. Gen. S.K. (1977).
4583:. Columbia University Press.
3864:Guha, India after Gandhi 2008
3747:Snedden, Christopher (2015).
3349:Hodson, The Great Divide 1969
3289:Hodson, The Great Divide 1969
3277:Hodson, The Great Divide 1969
3041:Sabir Sha (10 October 2014).
2802:Ciment, J.; Hill, K. (2012).
882:or sometimes controlled from
851:
281:Indian National Army veterans
269:Azad Kashmir irregular forces
9065:Military history of Pakistan
7426:Jammu and Kashmir Exodus Day
7087:2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff
6377:Effendi, Col. M. Y. (2007).
6166:Bajwa, Kuldip Singh (2003).
5775:. Kingfisher. 2004. p.
5744:South Asia in World Politics
5626:Hoontrakul, Pongsak (2014).
5559:Wilcox, Wayne Ayres (1963).
5133:University of Michigan Press
4844:. HarperCollins Publishers.
4631:Effendi, Col. M. Y. (2007).
4577:Wilcox, Wayne Ayres (1963).
3648:Parashar, Parmanand (2004).
3373:Ankit, Kashmir, 1945–66 2014
3361:Ankit, Kashmir, 1945–66 2014
3337:Ankit, Kashmir, 1945–66 2014
3143:"Pakistan Covert Operations"
2564:
2147:
1679:Muslim League National Guard
1615:, Prime Minister of Pakistan
1589:Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan
1442:were expected to attack the
1402:. According to the plan, 20
834:North-West Frontier Province
293:Muslim League National Guard
7:
8483:Weapons of mass destruction
8297:Nathu La and Cho La clashes
8287:Sino-Indian border skirmish
7822:Andaman and Nicobar Command
7817:Integrated Theatre Commands
7792:Defence Intelligence Agency
7695:Vice Chief of Defence Staff
7450:Jammu and Kashmir Black Day
7384:Al-Badr (Jammu and Kashmir)
6783:. Oxford University Press.
6691:. Oxford University Press.
6592:Making the new Commonwealth
6589:Moore, Robin James (1987).
5922:(Opinion). 27 August 2009.
5461:Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007).
5185:Fair, C. Christine (2014).
4869:. HarperCollins Publisher.
4757:The battles of Zojila, 1948
4610:. Oxford University Press.
4125:Cheema, Crimson Chinar 2015
4011:10.1177/0002716295541001012
3903:Victoria Schofield (2000).
3402:"The Question of Accession"
2442:Nathu La and Cho La clashes
2410:
1838:princely states of Pakistan
1668:Armed Revolt inside Kashmir
1388:Operation Gulmarg locations
749:, was a war fought between
10:
9096:
8353:Indo-Myanmar border strike
7777:Defence Planning Committee
7537:Village Defence Committees
7318:2017 Amarnath Yatra attack
7308:March 2013 Srinagar attack
7067:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
7062:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
6632:Raghavan, Srinath (2010).
6332:Cheema, Brig Amar (2015).
6299:Brahma Singh, K. (2010) ,
6172:. Har-Anand Publications.
6070:(5): 44–49. Archived from
6058:Ankit, Rakesh (May 2010).
5811:. Westview Press. p.
5655:, Guntram H. Herb (2008).
5241:Alagappa, Muthiah (2008).
5163:Cambridge University Press
4529:"Defence of Srinagar 1947"
3909:. I.B.Tauris. p. 44.
3774:Mahajan, Looking Back 1963
3168:, pp. 31, 34–35, 105.
2432:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
2338:, and the Pakistani award
2250:After two further wars in
2125:
2050:
2016:
2013:Operations Gulab and Eraze
1727:
1568:
1526:
1466:with a view to advance to
1183:, which was allied to the
976:
855:
783:, in an effort to capture
535:Total military casualties:
523:Total military casualties:
9080:Muslim League (1947–1958)
8970:
8952:
8921:
8868:
8810:
8772:
8734:
8650:
8589:
8573:
8538:
8507:
8491:
8460:
8400:
8361:
8210:
8117:
8108:
8088:Border Roads Organisation
8052:
8040:Border Roads Organisation
8007:
7980:South Western Air Command
7955:
7927:
7879:
7807:
7800:
7782:Nuclear Command Authority
7762:National Security Council
7730:
7723:
7665:National Security Advisor
7637:
7590:
7479:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
7471:
7417:
7341:
7260:
7234:
7163:
7105:
7047:
7022:
6982:
6977:Links to related articles
6912:Sandhu, Maj Gen Gurcharan
6829:. (1991). Roxford Books.
6671:10.1080/14736480802055455
6568:Massey, Reginald (2005).
6278:Brahma Singh, K. (1990).
6201:10.1080/03086530903538269
5415:. Routledge. p. 63.
5337:. McFarland. p. 29.
5249:Stanford University Press
4050:Regimental History Cell,
3735:10.1080/14662049808447762
3463:Kalkat, Onkar S. (1983).
3412:(11): 4–6, archived from
3114:10.1080/14736480802055455
2497:Commander-in-Chief, India
2222:(1951) and established a
1699:, Prime Minister of India
828:and by militias from the
771:newly independent nations
654:Bangladesh Liberation War
602:
542:
507:
320:
236:Pakistani paramilitaries
127:
71:
57:
41:
36:
8962:UN peacekeeping missions
8607:President's Colour Award
8597:President's fleet review
7856:Maritime Theatre Command
7834:Strategic Forces Command
7787:Integrated Defence Staff
7685:Chief of the Naval Staff
7494:OHCHR reports on Kashmir
7278:Chittisinghpura massacre
7242:Jinnah–Mountbatten talks
6574:. Abhinav Publications.
6563:. Asia Publishing House.
6494:. India Research Press.
6284:. Lancer International.
6116:(11): 9–, archived from
5975:Making Sense of Pakistan
5972:Shaikh, Farzana (2018).
5825:– via archive.org.
5309:Rowman & Littlefield
4455:Tahir, M. Athar (2007).
3810:Ankit, October 1947 2010
3291:, pp. 293, 329–330.
3196:. ABC-CLIO. p. 80.
2833:"BBC on the 1947–48 war"
2472:
2457:Brigadier Mohammad Usman
2083:25-pounder gun-howitzers
1747:came under heavy siege.
1368:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1232:
1218:
1204:
1177:Indian National Congress
594:Indo-Pakistani conflicts
9050:History of Azad Kashmir
8898:Dhofar Rebellion (Oman)
7680:Chief of the Army Staff
6762:. HarperCollins India.
6236:Barua, Pradeep (2005).
6215:Barua, Pradeep (2003).
6089:"The Problem of Poonch"
6026:Singh, Sarbans (1993).
5741:Hagerty, Devin (2005).
5193:Oxford University Press
5019:Margolis, Eric (2001).
4991:Kapur, S. Paul (2017).
4202:Lamb, Alastair (1997),
3466:The Far-flung Frontiers
3427:Ankit, Henry Scott 2010
3385:Ankit, Henry Scott 2010
3232:Encyclopædia Britannica
3064:Krishna, Ashok (1998).
2400:Captain Muhammad Sarwar
2061:(Brig Atal) to capture
2005:under siege, capturing
1996:Indian spring offensive
1185:All-India Muslim League
1094:Instrument of Accession
985:All-India Muslim League
819:Instrument of Accession
807:Pashtun tribal militias
659:1959 Canberra shootdown
255:Pashtun tribal militias
8473:Ordnance Factory Board
8392:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
8100:Awards and Decorations
7947:Southern Naval Command
7690:Chief of the Air Staff
7670:Chief of Defence Staff
7432:Kashmir Solidarity Day
7342:Militant organisations
7298:2006 Srinagar bombings
7288:2001 Kishtwar massacre
7261:Bombings and massacres
6777:Zaheer, Hasan (1998).
6515:. London: Hutchinson.
6509:Hodson, H. V. (1969).
6153:Ankit, Rakesh (2014),
6132:Ankit, Rakesh (2016).
5600:Brozek, Jason (2008).
5506:four inconclusive wars
4865:Khanna, Meera (2015).
4838:Khanna, Meera (2015).
4501:Iqbal, Khuram (2015).
4478:2 October 2016 at the
4374:Connell, John (1959).
3822:Jamal, Shadow War 2009
3235:(2011), online edition
3047:The News International
2745:Jamal, Shadow War 2009
2679:Jamal, Shadow War 2009
2647:Khanna, K. K. (2015).
2578:Kumar, Bharat (2014).
2384:Company Havildar Major
2201:Azad Jammu and Kashmir
2161:
2087:3.7-inch mountain guns
1858:
1811:
1718:
1700:
1655:
1616:
1566:
1192:Operation Gulmarg plan
1085:
974:
962:
321:Commanders and leaders
8876:Arab–Israeli conflict
8728:Pakistan Armed Forces
8637:National War Memorial
8632:Indian military bands
8622:Armed Forces Tribunal
8617:Armed Forces Flag Day
7942:Eastern Naval Command
7937:Western Naval Command
7919:Army Training Command
7909:South Western Command
7389:Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind
7333:2022 Srinagar bombing
7206:Operation Sarp Vinash
7171:1947 Poonch rebellion
7138:2016 Baramulla attack
6892:Cohen, Lt Col Maurice
6685:Nawaz, Shuja (2008).
6610:Palit, D. K. (1972).
6488:Joshi, Manoj (2008).
6362:. SAGE Publications.
6308:, brahmasingh.co.nf,
5890:Hasan Zaheer (1998).
5803:Thomas, Raju (1992).
5389:. SAGE. p. 323.
4811:Malhotra, A. (2003).
4533:Indian Defence Review
4098:Copland, Ian (2005).
3225:30 April 2015 at the
3155:on 12 September 2014.
2968:Roy, Kaushik (2009).
2934:Malik, V. P. (2010).
2538:According to scholar
2508:Major Kalkat was the
2272:short military action
2155:
2071:M5 Stuart light tanks
1964:. They then attacked
1856:
1809:
1787:volunteers aided the
1730:1947 Poonch rebellion
1714:
1695:
1654:, overlooking Kashmir
1650:
1611:
1571:1947 Poonch rebellion
1564:
1117:Muzaffarabad district
1076:
968:
960:
856:Further information:
830:frontier tribal areas
508:Casualties and losses
226:(Supply support only)
81:(1 year and 10 weeks)
9075:Wars involving India
9070:Nehru administration
8913:Grand Mosque seizure
8140:Battle of Asal Uttar
8020:National Cadet Corps
7975:Southern Air Command
7866:Defence Space Agency
7861:Defence Cyber Agency
7438:Kashmir Martyrs' Day
7409:United Jihad Council
7374:Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
7323:2018 Sunjuwan attack
7268:1947 Jammu massacres
7181:Operation Grand Slam
6896:Thunder over Kashmir
6754:Snedden, Christopher
6467:Jamal, Arif (2009).
6446:Hiro, Dilip (2015).
5837:"UNMOGIP Background"
5438:Demystifying Kashmir
5096:Khan, Saira (2009).
4694:. pp. 141–142.
4255:"Kashmir-konflikten"
4237:"Kashmir-konflikten"
3568:Warikoo, K. (2009).
3279:, pp. 293, 320.
2405:Naik Saif Ali Janjua
2387:Piru Singh Shekhawat
2059:77 Parachute Brigade
1949:1947 Mirpur massacre
1801:Indian National Army
1774:Accession of Kashmir
1529:Operation Datta Khel
1523:Operation Datta Khel
1385:class=notpageimage|
1027:for both of the new
1001:Dominion of Pakistan
933:of the newly formed
895:First Anglo-Sikh war
813:, but upon reaching
745:, also known as the
543:Conflict began when
9055:Indo-Pakistani wars
8954:Foreign deployments
8551:Historical Aircraft
8446:LOC surgical strike
8188:Battle of Longewala
8125:Indo-Pakistani wars
8093:Paramilitary forces
8064:Ranks and insignia
8025:Paramilitary forces
7995:Maintenance Command
7985:Western Air Command
7970:Eastern Air Command
7965:Central Air Command
7740:Ministry of Defence
7733:Committees/Councils
7655:Minister of Defence
7584:Indian Armed Forces
7531:Over ground workers
7489:Human rights abuses
7328:2019 Pulwama attack
7216:Operation Calm Down
7176:Operation Gibraltar
6930:Singh, Maj K Brahma
6734:Kashmir in Conflict
6728:Schofield, Victoria
6616:. Palit & Dutt.
6595:. Clarendon Press.
6555:Mahajan, Mehr Chand
6120:on 21 February 2018
5682:Hughes, G. (2012).
5009:inconclusive ending
4892:, pp. 164–165.
4151:, pp. 235–236.
3881:, pp. 105–106.
3482:, pp. 151–153.
3351:, pp. 262–265.
2787:. Persecution.org.
1895:Battle of Shalateng
1796:Mohammad Ali Jinnah
1781:Government of India
1557:Rebellion in Poonch
1535:Major William Brown
1169:National Conference
1143:). The mountainous
1098:Maharaja Hari Singh
1090:British Paramountcy
1084:in military uniform
1078:Maharaja Hari Singh
1033:Mohammad Ali Jinnah
767:Indo-Pakistani wars
421:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
44:Indo-Pakistani wars
8939:Somalian civil war
8934:Sudanese civil war
8774:India and Pakistan
8556:Aircraft Squadrons
8478:Ballistic missiles
8145:Battle of Chawinda
8060:Military Academies
8015:Indian Coast Guard
7839:Commander-in-Chief
7827:Commander-in-Chief
7394:Dukhtaran-e-Millat
7354:Tehreek-e-Hurriyat
7303:2006 Doda massacre
7049:Wars and conflicts
6902:Hinds, Brig Gen SR
6866:Vas, Lt Gen. E. A.
6652:on 19 August 2019.
6473:. Melville House.
6074:on 12 October 2017
5999:Batra, A. (2012).
5945:Ahmed, T. (2020).
3835:Fair, C. Christine
3558:, p. 124–125.
3416:on 17 January 2023
3363:, pp. 54, 56.
2650:Art of Generalship
2270:after launching a
2162:
2085:and a regiment of
1947:. This led to the
1859:
1812:
1701:
1675:Shaukat Hayat Khan
1656:
1641:Mian Iftikharuddin
1630:Mehr Chand Mahajan
1617:
1567:
1396:Major O. S. Kalkat
1111:consisting of the
1086:
989:Muslim nationalism
979:Partition of India
975:
963:
953:Partition of India
907:East India Company
878:since the time of
858:History of Kashmir
513:1,103 army deaths
398:Mehr Chand Mahajan
224:Pakistan Air Force
52:Partition of India
9040:Conflicts in 1949
9035:Conflicts in 1948
9030:Conflicts in 1947
8997:
8996:
8991:
8990:
8830:Panjshir Uprising
8685:
8684:
8569:
8568:
8456:
8455:
8273:Balakot airstrike
8048:
8047:
8003:
8002:
7660:Defence Secretary
7545:
7544:
7359:Hizbul Mujahideen
7201:Operation All Out
7106:Border skirmishes
6906:Battle of Zoji La
6857:Sen, Maj Gen L.P.
6790:978-0-19-577892-2
6719:978-1-84529-588-2
6698:978-0-19-547660-6
6645:978-1-137-00737-7
6602:978-0-19-820112-0
6581:978-81-7017-469-1
6546:978-1-4008-7523-8
6536:Danger in Kashmir
6522:978-0-09-097150-3
6501:978-81-87943-52-5
6480:978-1-933633-59-6
6459:978-1-56858-503-1
6438:978-0-547-66924-3
6414:978-0-330-39611-0
6407:. Pan Macmillan.
6399:Guha, Ramachandra
6390:978-0-19-547203-5
6369:978-81-321-1795-7
6345:978-81-7062-301-4
6315:978-81-7062-091-4
6291:978-81-7062-091-4
6270:978-1-4828-1625-9
6249:978-0-8032-1344-9
6228:978-0-275-97999-7
6179:978-81-241-0923-6
6145:978-1-317-22525-6
6012:978-1-135-12984-2
5985:978-0-19-006206-4
5958:978-1-000-08394-1
5901:978-0-19-577892-2
5877:978-0-19-968604-9
5822:978-0-8133-8343-9
5786:978-0-7534-5784-9
5754:978-0-7425-2587-0
5695:978-1-83764-186-4
5668:978-1-85109-908-5
5639:978-1-137-41235-5
5613:978-1-109-04475-1
5572:978-0-231-02589-8
5539:978-1-000-37239-7
5499:978-0-8122-4978-1
5474:978-81-317-0834-7
5448:978-0-8157-0859-9
5422:978-1-317-22525-6
5396:978-1-4522-4098-5
5370:978-1-84904-342-7
5344:978-1-4766-8151-1
5318:978-0-8157-1386-9
5288:978-1-135-75658-1
5258:978-0-8047-6086-7
5228:978-1-108-84059-0
5202:978-0-19-989270-9
5172:978-1-139-50193-4
5142:978-0-472-22063-2
5078:978-0-691-11512-2
5002:978-0-19-976852-3
4941:978-1-351-12348-8
4669:978-1-935501-58-9
4644:978-0-19-547203-5
4617:978-1-84904-342-7
4590:978-0-231-02589-8
4563:978-3-537-87668-3
4539:on 18 March 2016.
4514:978-1-4985-1649-5
4428:978-1-4738-2187-3
4421:. Pen and Sword.
4393:, pp. 65–67.
4314:My Life and Times
4302:, pp. 58–59.
4290:, pp. 25–26.
4278:, pp. 52–53.
4189:978-0-415-40459-4
4111:978-0-230-00598-3
3954:, pp. 28–29.
3939:, pp. 49–51.
3916:978-1-86064-898-4
3850:978-0-19-989271-6
3800:, pp. 25–27.
3760:978-1-84904-342-7
3715:Jha, Prem Shankar
3661:978-81-7625-514-1
3634:978-0-230-00598-3
3581:978-1-134-03294-5
3519:978-1-5168-5023-5
3453:, pp. 17–19.
3400:(November 2010),
3375:, pp. 57–58.
3203:978-1-57607-712-2
3077:978-1-897829-47-9
3027:978-81-7062-109-6
2981:978-0-19-569888-6
2815:978-1-136-59614-8
2770:978-1-85065-916-7
2731:978-0-19-579770-1
2718:Lamb, A. (2002).
2704:978-1-61792-400-2
2660:978-93-82652-93-9
2591:978-93-81904-52-7
2370:Rama Raghoba Rane
2367:Second Lieutenant
2212:Karachi Agreement
2037:Chitral Bodyguard
1844:Stages of the war
1735:have occurred at
1408:Pashtun tribesmen
1398:serving with the
1181:Muslim Conference
1082:Jammu and Kashmir
1042:Claude Auchinleck
1005:Dominion of India
993:Direct Action Day
971:Claude Auchinleck
939:Jammu and Kashmir
763:Jammu and Kashmir
747:first Kashmir war
736:
735:
670:Border skirmishes
559:
558:
553:Jammu and Kashmir
123:
122:
117:Jammu and Kashmir
91:Jammu and Kashmir
16:(Redirected from
9087:
9060:Kashmir conflict
8797:Siachen conflict
8722:
8712:
8705:
8698:
8689:
8688:
8658:
8657:
8642:Amar Jawan Jyoti
8520:Historical Ships
8489:
8488:
8230:Siachen conflict
8220:Kashmir conflict
8115:
8114:
8035:Territorial Army
8008:Other components
7990:Training Command
7904:Southern Command
7899:Northern Command
7805:
7804:
7728:
7727:
7715:Serving marshals
7710:Serving admirals
7705:Serving generals
7629:Indian Air Force
7627:
7625:
7624:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7582:
7572:
7565:
7558:
7549:
7548:
7457:Azad Kashmir Day
7369:Jaish-e-Mohammed
7072:Siachen conflict
7016:Kashmir conflict
7009:
7002:
6995:
6986:
6985:
6973:
6972:
6931:
6913:
6903:
6893:
6867:
6858:
6842:
6824:
6814:
6794:
6773:
6749:
6737:
6723:
6702:
6681:
6653:
6648:. Archived from
6628:
6617:
6606:
6585:
6564:
6550:
6526:
6505:
6484:
6463:
6452:. Nation Books.
6442:
6418:
6394:
6373:
6349:
6326:
6324:
6318:, archived from
6307:
6295:
6274:
6253:
6232:
6211:
6183:
6160:
6149:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6100:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6044:
6043:
6023:
6017:
6016:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5887:
5881:
5880:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5839:. Archived from
5833:
5827:
5826:
5810:
5800:
5794:
5793:
5774:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5719:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5702:
5676:
5646:
5620:
5594:
5579:
5553:
5548:
5546:
5526:Ali, A. (2021).
5520:
5514:
5510:
5481:
5455:
5429:
5403:
5377:
5351:
5325:
5295:
5265:
5235:
5209:
5179:
5149:
5119:
5107:978-0-20389176-6
5090:
5061:
5042:
5013:
4985:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4899:
4893:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4808:
4799:
4798:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4689:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4535:. Archived from
4525:
4519:
4518:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4483:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4452:
4446:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4371:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4265:on 18 June 2013.
4251:
4245:
4244:
4239:. Archived from
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4061:
4055:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4029:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3970:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3940:
3934:
3925:
3924:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3236:
3217:
3208:
3207:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3148:. Archived from
3147:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3011:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2931:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2902:
2891:
2885:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2856:
2841:
2840:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2665:
2664:
2644:
2638:
2633:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2575:
2558:
2554:Stand Down Order
2549:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2521:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2462:Siachen conflict
2427:Battle of Badgam
2422:Rann of Kuch War
2336:Param Vir Chakra
2330:Gallantry awards
2245:Liaquat Ali Khan
1988:. In the north,
1925:Muzaffar ul-Mulk
1883:Dewan Ranjit Rai
1849:Initial invasion
1832:of the state of
1706:Jawaharlal Nehru
1697:Jawaharlal Nehru
1683:Frontier regions
1634:Liaquat Ali Khan
1621:Prem Shankar Jha
1613:Liaquat Ali Khan
1585:Second World War
1551:Gilgit-Baltistan
1486:Dera Ismail Khan
1450:and another ten
1373:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1237:
1223:
1209:
1202:
1109:Kashmir province
1037:the armed forces
1025:Governor General
1021:Lord Mountbatten
911:Treaty of Lahore
836:. Following the
779:(militias) from
769:between the two
637:2001–02 standoff
627:Siachen conflict
606:Kashmir conflict
597:
595:
585:
578:
571:
562:
561:
517:32 RIAF members
503:
499:
498:
488:
487:
477:
476:
463:
462:
452:
451:
441:
440:
432:Liaquat Ali Khan
430:
429:
428:
419:
418:
417:
409:
405:
396:
387:
377:
376:
366:
365:
355:
354:
346:Jawaharlal Nehru
344:
343:
335:Lord Mountbatten
333:
332:
331:
311:
301:
291:
290:
289:
279:
278:
277:
267:
266:
235:
234:
233:
222:
220:
219:
209:
207:
206:
195:
194:
180:
171:Indian Air Force
169:
167:
166:
156:
154:
153:
145:
141:
140:
73:
72:
62:
48:Kashmir conflict
34:
33:
21:
9095:
9094:
9090:
9089:
9088:
9086:
9085:
9084:
9000:
8999:
8998:
8993:
8992:
8987:
8966:
8948:
8917:
8891:Black September
8864:
8825:Bajaur Campaign
8820:Waziristan 1948
8806:
8768:
8730:
8716:
8686:
8681:
8646:
8585:
8565:
8546:Active Aircraft
8534:
8503:
8487:
8452:
8408:Northeast India
8396:
8357:
8302:Doklam standoff
8212:
8206:
8202:Sino-Indian War
8167:Battle of Chamb
8104:
8044:
7999:
7951:
7923:
7914:Western Command
7894:Eastern Command
7889:Central Command
7875:
7796:
7732:
7719:
7633:
7622:
7620:
7609:
7607:
7596:
7594:
7586:
7576:
7546:
7541:
7467:
7444:Youm-e-Istehsal
7413:
7379:Harkat ul-Ansar
7364:Lashkar-e-Taiba
7337:
7313:2016 Uri attack
7256:
7252:Simla Agreement
7230:
7196:Operation Eraze
7191:Operation Bison
7186:Operation Tupac
7159:
7133:2016 Uri attack
7101:
7043:
7018:
7013:
6978:
6962:
6929:
6911:
6901:
6891:
6865:
6856:
6840:
6822:
6812:
6802:
6800:Further reading
6797:
6791:
6770:
6746:
6720:
6699:
6646:
6603:
6582:
6547:
6523:
6502:
6481:
6460:
6439:
6415:
6391:
6370:
6346:
6325:on 6 March 2016
6322:
6316:
6305:
6292:
6271:
6250:
6229:
6180:
6146:
6123:
6121:
6077:
6075:
6053:
6048:
6047:
6040:
6024:
6020:
6013:
5997:
5993:
5986:
5970:
5966:
5959:
5943:
5939:
5929:
5927:
5914:
5913:
5909:
5902:
5888:
5884:
5878:
5860:
5856:
5846:
5844:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5823:
5801:
5797:
5787:
5767:
5766:
5762:
5755:
5739:
5735:
5721:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5678:
5677:
5669:
5653:David H. Kaplan
5648:
5647:
5640:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5596:
5595:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5573:
5555:
5554:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5500:
5483:
5482:
5475:
5457:
5456:
5449:
5431:
5430:
5423:
5405:
5404:
5397:
5379:
5378:
5371:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5327:
5326:
5319:
5297:
5296:
5289:
5267:
5266:
5259:
5251:. p. 218.
5237:
5236:
5229:
5211:
5210:
5203:
5181:
5180:
5173:
5165:. p. 194.
5151:
5150:
5143:
5121:
5120:
5108:
5092:
5091:
5079:
5063:
5062:
5044:
5043:
5031:
5015:
5014:
5003:
4987:
4986:
4973:
4953:
4949:
4942:
4926:
4922:
4912:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4888:
4884:
4877:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4752:
4748:
4741:
4725:
4721:
4710:
4706:
4698:
4687:
4681:
4677:
4670:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4629:
4625:
4618:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4575:
4571:
4564:
4548:
4544:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4515:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4480:Wayback Machine
4470:
4466:
4453:
4449:
4441:Martin Axmann,
4440:
4436:
4429:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4389:
4385:
4372:
4368:
4360:
4356:
4348:
4344:
4334:
4332:
4325:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4298:
4294:
4286:
4282:
4274:
4270:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4233:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4171:
4167:
4159:
4155:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4062:
4058:
4049:
4045:
4037:
4033:
3995:
3991:
3983:
3968:
3962:
3958:
3950:
3943:
3935:
3928:
3917:
3901:
3897:
3889:
3885:
3877:
3870:
3866:, Section 4.II.
3862:
3858:
3851:
3832:
3828:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3780:
3772:
3768:
3761:
3745:
3741:
3712:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3688:
3681:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3608:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3529:
3527:
3520:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3474:
3461:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3239:
3227:Wayback Machine
3218:
3211:
3204:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3152:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3062:
3058:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3012:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2982:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2932:
2923:
2911:
2903:
2894:
2886:
2875:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2844:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2800:
2796:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2668:
2661:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2550:
2546:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2437:Sino-Indian War
2417:Siege of Skardu
2413:
2378:Jadu Nath Singh
2353:Som Nath Sharma
2340:Nishan-E-Haider
2332:
2327:
2285:
2280:
2278:Military awards
2264:Line of Control
2260:Simla Agreement
2239:led by General
2158:Line of Control
2150:
2130:
2124:
2115:Sher Jung Thapa
2055:
2049:
2047:Operation Bison
2025:Operation Eraze
2021:
2019:Siege of Skardu
2015:
1998:
1982:
1958:
1933:
1923:, whose ruler,
1879:
1851:
1846:
1819:, the force of
1776:
1732:
1726:
1606:
1573:
1559:
1537:along with the
1531:
1525:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1194:
1173:Sheikh Abdullah
1102:Ram Chandra Kak
1071:
981:
955:
864:
854:
846:Line of Control
739:
738:
737:
732:
648:Other conflicts
598:
593:
591:
589:
537:
533:
532:
531:~14,000 wounded
530:
525:
521:
520:
518:
516:
514:
493:
492:
482:
481:
471:
470:
457:
456:
446:
445:
435:
434:
426:
424:
423:
415:
413:
412:
407:Sheikh Abdullah
400:
391:
382:
381:
371:
370:
360:
359:
349:
348:
338:
337:
329:
327:
326:
287:
285:
275:
273:
261:
250:Frontier Scouts
231:
229:
217:
215:
204:
202:
189:
164:
162:
151:
149:
135:
134:
111:
93:
80:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9093:
9083:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
8995:
8994:
8989:
8988:
8986:
8985:
8980:
8974:
8972:
8968:
8967:
8965:
8964:
8958:
8956:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8925:
8923:
8919:
8918:
8916:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8894:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8872:
8870:
8866:
8865:
8863:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8816:
8814:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8778:
8776:
8770:
8769:
8767:
8766:
8761:
8760:
8759:
8749:
8744:
8738:
8736:
8732:
8731:
8726:involving the
8724:Armed conflict
8715:
8714:
8707:
8700:
8692:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8679:
8678:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8651:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8593:
8591:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8583:
8577:
8575:
8571:
8570:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8542:
8540:
8536:
8535:
8533:
8532:
8527:
8525:Weapon Systems
8522:
8517:
8511:
8509:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8501:
8495:
8493:
8486:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8464:
8462:
8458:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8448:
8443:
8433:
8432:
8431:
8423:
8410:
8404:
8402:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8375:
8365:
8363:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8342:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8316:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8284:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8276:
8275:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8216:
8214:
8208:
8207:
8205:
8204:
8199:
8198:
8197:
8192:
8191:
8190:
8185:
8177:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8149:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8132:
8121:
8119:
8112:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8102:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8062:
8056:
8054:
8050:
8049:
8046:
8045:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8030:Special forces
8027:
8022:
8017:
8011:
8009:
8005:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7961:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7933:
7931:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7885:
7883:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7831:
7830:
7829:
7819:
7813:
7811:
7802:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7736:
7734:
7725:
7721:
7720:
7718:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7650:Prime Minister
7647:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7631:
7618:
7605:
7591:
7588:
7587:
7575:
7574:
7567:
7560:
7552:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7539:
7534:
7528:
7526:Women's rights
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7486:
7481:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7465:
7459:
7453:
7452:(Invasion Day)
7446:
7440:
7434:
7428:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7345:
7343:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7238:
7236:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7226:2019 airstrike
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7109:
7107:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7096:media coverage
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7053:
7051:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7012:
7011:
7004:
6997:
6989:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6970:
6969:
6961:
6960:External links
6958:
6957:
6956:
6945:
6927:
6909:
6899:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6880:
6863:
6854:
6838:
6823:Lamb, Alastair
6820:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6789:
6774:
6769:978-9350298985
6768:
6750:
6744:
6724:
6718:
6703:
6697:
6682:
6665:(2): 115–154,
6654:
6644:
6629:
6618:
6607:
6601:
6586:
6580:
6565:
6551:
6545:
6527:
6521:
6506:
6500:
6485:
6479:
6464:
6458:
6443:
6437:
6419:
6413:
6395:
6389:
6374:
6368:
6350:
6344:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6314:
6290:
6275:
6269:
6254:
6248:
6233:
6227:
6212:
6195:(1): 117–143,
6184:
6178:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6144:
6129:
6106:"October 1947"
6101:
6084:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6038:
6018:
6011:
5991:
5984:
5964:
5957:
5937:
5907:
5900:
5882:
5876:
5854:
5843:on 3 July 2017
5828:
5821:
5795:
5785:
5760:
5753:
5733:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5694:
5679:
5667:
5649:
5638:
5623:
5612:
5597:
5582:
5571:
5556:
5538:
5522:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5498:
5484:
5473:
5458:
5447:
5432:
5421:
5406:
5395:
5380:
5369:
5354:
5343:
5328:
5317:
5311:. p. 15.
5298:
5287:
5281:. p. 94.
5268:
5257:
5238:
5227:
5212:
5201:
5195:. p. 14.
5182:
5171:
5152:
5141:
5135:. p. 91.
5122:
5106:
5093:
5077:
5064:
5045:
5029:
5016:
5001:
4988:
4959:Lamb, Alastair
4954:
4947:
4940:
4920:
4894:
4882:
4875:
4857:
4850:
4830:
4823:
4800:
4793:
4773:
4766:
4746:
4739:
4719:
4704:
4683:Singh, Rohit.
4675:
4668:
4650:
4643:
4623:
4616:
4596:
4589:
4569:
4562:
4542:
4520:
4513:
4493:
4484:
4464:
4447:
4445:(2008), p. 273
4434:
4427:
4407:
4395:
4383:
4366:
4354:
4342:
4323:
4304:
4292:
4280:
4268:
4246:
4227:
4215:
4195:
4188:
4174:Swami, Praveen
4165:
4153:
4141:
4139:, p. 162.
4129:
4117:
4110:
4090:
4083:
4065:Bose, Sumantra
4056:
4043:
4041:, p. 113.
4031:
3989:
3956:
3941:
3926:
3915:
3895:
3893:, p. 106.
3883:
3868:
3856:
3849:
3826:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3788:, p. 103.
3778:
3776:, p. 123.
3766:
3759:
3739:
3729:(1): 113–123,
3706:
3694:
3679:
3677:, p. 105.
3667:
3660:
3640:
3633:
3614:
3599:
3587:
3580:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3518:
3496:
3494:, p. 59–.
3484:
3472:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3419:
3389:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3315:, p. 133.
3305:
3303:, p. 324.
3293:
3281:
3269:
3252:
3250:, p. 371.
3237:
3209:
3202:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3134:
3108:(2): 115–154,
3092:
3083:
3076:
3056:
3033:
3026:
2999:
2980:
2960:
2951:
2944:
2921:
2892:
2890:, p. 120.
2873:
2862:
2842:
2824:
2814:
2794:
2785:"Furqan Force"
2776:
2769:
2749:
2737:
2730:
2710:
2703:
2683:
2666:
2659:
2639:
2625:
2613:
2601:
2590:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2544:
2540:Christine Fair
2531:
2522:
2518:Frank Messervy
2501:
2488:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2293:theatre honour
2289:battle honours
2284:
2283:Battle honours
2281:
2279:
2276:
2193:Jammu province
2189:Kashmir Valley
2149:
2146:
2126:Main article:
2123:
2120:
2079:Madras Sappers
2051:Main article:
2048:
2045:
2033:Chitral Scouts
2017:Main article:
2014:
2011:
1997:
1994:
1981:
1978:
1957:
1954:
1932:
1929:
1878:
1875:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1826:Chitral Scouts
1775:
1772:
1728:Main article:
1725:
1722:
1687:Khurshid Anwar
1624:retired Major
1605:
1602:
1569:Main article:
1558:
1555:
1527:Main article:
1524:
1521:
1444:Kashmir Valley
1383:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1121:Jammu province
1113:Kashmir Valley
1070:
1067:
1062:Douglas Gracey
1050:Frank Messervy
977:Main article:
969:Field Marshal
954:
951:
935:princely state
853:
850:
832:adjoining the
759:princely state
734:
733:
731:
730:
725:
720:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
667:
666:
661:
656:
645:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
612:War of 1947–48
603:
600:
599:
588:
587:
580:
573:
565:
557:
556:
549:princely state
540:
539:
527:
519:3,154 wounded
510:
509:
505:
504:
479:Khurshid Anwar
454:Douglas Gracey
443:Frank Messervy
410:
379:K. M. Cariappa
323:
322:
318:
317:
316:
315:
305:
295:
283:
271:
259:
258:
257:
252:
247:
245:Kurram Militia
242:
227:
213:
186:
185:
184:
174:
160:
130:
129:
125:
124:
121:
120:
113:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
89:
87:
83:
82:
77:
69:
68:
55:
54:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9092:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9025:1949 in India
9023:
9021:
9020:1948 in India
9018:
9016:
9015:1947 in India
9013:
9011:
9008:
9007:
9005:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8969:
8963:
8960:
8959:
8957:
8955:
8951:
8945:
8944:War on terror
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8926:
8924:
8920:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8878:
8877:
8874:
8873:
8871:
8867:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8813:
8809:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8779:
8777:
8775:
8771:
8765:
8762:
8758:
8755:
8754:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8733:
8729:
8725:
8721:
8713:
8708:
8706:
8701:
8699:
8694:
8693:
8690:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8661:
8653:
8652:
8649:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8592:
8588:
8582:
8579:
8578:
8576:
8572:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8543:
8541:
8537:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8506:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8490:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8465:
8463:
8459:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8422:
8421:
8416:
8415:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8399:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8381:
8376:
8374:
8372:
8367:
8366:
8364:
8360:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8348:
8343:
8341:
8340:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8322:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8243:
8238:
8237:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8217:
8215:
8209:
8203:
8200:
8196:
8193:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8176:
8175:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8150:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8107:
8101:
8098:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8051:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8006:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7958:
7954:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7930:
7926:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7886:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7812:
7810:
7806:
7803:
7799:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7741:
7738:
7737:
7735:
7729:
7726:
7722:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7636:
7630:
7619:
7617:
7606:
7604:
7593:
7592:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7573:
7568:
7566:
7561:
7559:
7554:
7553:
7550:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7521:Peacebuilding
7519:
7517:
7516:Stone pelting
7514:
7512:
7511:Crowd control
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7470:
7464:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7451:
7447:
7445:
7441:
7439:
7435:
7433:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7416:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7340:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7233:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7162:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7097:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7021:
7017:
7010:
7005:
7003:
6998:
6996:
6991:
6990:
6987:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6954:
6953:9780805995947
6950:
6946:
6943:
6942:81-7062-091-0
6939:
6935:
6928:
6925:
6924:81-7094-004-4
6921:
6917:
6910:
6907:
6900:
6897:
6890:
6889:
6886:
6884:Other sources
6883:
6882:
6878:
6877:81-85019-09-6
6874:
6870:
6864:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6852:1-897829-45-0
6849:
6845:
6839:
6836:
6835:0-907129-06-4
6832:
6828:
6821:
6818:
6811:
6810:
6807:
6805:Major sources
6804:
6803:
6792:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6775:
6771:
6765:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6745:1-86064-898-3
6741:
6736:
6735:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6715:
6712:. Constable.
6711:
6710:
6704:
6700:
6694:
6690:
6689:
6683:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6630:
6626:
6625:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6608:
6604:
6598:
6594:
6593:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6573:
6572:
6566:
6562:
6561:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6542:
6538:
6537:
6532:
6531:Korbel, Josef
6528:
6524:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6507:
6503:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6486:
6482:
6476:
6472:
6471:
6465:
6461:
6455:
6451:
6450:
6444:
6440:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6423:Hajari, Nisid
6420:
6416:
6410:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6375:
6371:
6365:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6330:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6304:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6262:
6261:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6234:
6230:
6224:
6220:
6219:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6185:
6181:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6164:
6158:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6141:
6138:. Routledge.
6137:
6136:
6130:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6085:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6056:
6055:
6041:
6039:81-7094-115-6
6035:
6031:
6030:
6022:
6014:
6008:
6004:
6003:
5995:
5987:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5968:
5960:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5941:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5911:
5903:
5897:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5858:
5842:
5838:
5832:
5824:
5818:
5814:
5809:
5808:
5799:
5792:
5788:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5772:
5764:
5756:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5737:
5730:
5726:
5725:
5718:
5708:
5697:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5641:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5624:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5557:
5552:
5541:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5509:
5508:over Kashmir.
5507:
5501:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5459:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5433:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5392:
5388:
5387:
5381:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5305:
5299:
5294:
5290:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5269:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5239:
5234:
5230:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5213:
5208:
5204:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5183:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5123:
5118:
5116:
5109:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5087:
5080:
5074:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5039:
5032:
5030:0-415-92712-9
5026:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4943:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4924:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4891:
4886:
4878:
4876:9789351364832
4872:
4868:
4861:
4853:
4851:9789351364832
4847:
4843:
4842:
4834:
4826:
4824:9788170622963
4820:
4816:
4815:
4807:
4805:
4796:
4794:81-7094-012-5
4790:
4786:
4785:
4777:
4769:
4767:9788124105092
4763:
4759:
4758:
4750:
4742:
4740:9788170621065
4736:
4732:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4708:
4697:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4671:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4646:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4516:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4497:
4488:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4468:
4460:
4459:
4451:
4444:
4438:
4430:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4411:
4405:, p. 63.
4404:
4399:
4392:
4387:
4379:
4378:
4370:
4364:, p. 60.
4363:
4358:
4352:, p. 61.
4351:
4346:
4330:
4326:
4324:9788170233558
4320:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4296:
4289:
4284:
4277:
4272:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4225:, p. 18.
4224:
4219:
4213:
4212:0-907129-08-0
4209:
4205:
4199:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4163:, p. 94.
4162:
4157:
4150:
4145:
4138:
4133:
4127:, p. 57.
4126:
4121:
4113:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4084:0-674-01173-2
4080:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4053:
4047:
4040:
4035:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3923:
3918:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3899:
3892:
3887:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3865:
3860:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3824:, p. 50.
3823:
3818:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3794:
3787:
3782:
3775:
3770:
3762:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3743:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3704:, p. 42.
3703:
3698:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3676:
3671:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3618:
3612:, p. 41.
3611:
3606:
3604:
3596:
3591:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3564:
3557:
3552:
3546:, p. 49.
3545:
3540:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3468:
3467:
3459:
3452:
3447:
3441:, p. 17.
3440:
3435:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3387:, p. 45.
3386:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3339:, p. 43.
3338:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3278:
3273:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3186:
3180:, p. 80.
3179:
3174:
3167:
3162:
3151:
3144:
3138:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3087:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2955:
2947:
2945:9789350293133
2941:
2937:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2909:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2753:
2747:, p. 49.
2746:
2741:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2687:
2681:, p. 57.
2680:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2643:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2623:, p. 192
2622:
2617:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2535:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2514:Bannu Brigade
2511:
2510:brigade major
2505:
2498:
2492:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:Resolution 91
2217:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2166:UN Commission
2159:
2154:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2111:Pakistan Army
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:relief column
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Gilgit Scouts
1914:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:armoured cars
1888:
1884:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:Poonch valley
1864:
1855:
1841:
1839:
1836:, one of the
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1821:Gilgit Scouts
1818:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:Dogra dynasty
1540:
1539:Gilgit Scouts
1536:
1530:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:Bannu Brigade
1397:
1386:
1372:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1236:
1222:
1208:
1201:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1157:Gilgit Agency
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:British India
994:
990:
986:
980:
972:
967:
959:
950:
948:
944:
941:, founding a
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
880:Emperor Akbar
877:
876:Mughal Empire
873:
869:
863:
859:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
786:
782:
778:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
713:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
672:
671:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
650:
649:
643:
642:2008 standoff
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
601:
596:
586:
581:
579:
574:
572:
567:
566:
563:
554:
550:
546:
541:
536:
529:6,000 killed
528:
524:
512:
511:
506:
502:
501:William Brown
497:
491:
486:
480:
475:
469:
466:
461:
455:
450:
444:
439:
433:
422:
411:
408:
404:
399:
395:
390:
386:
380:
375:
369:
364:
358:
353:
347:
342:
336:
325:
324:
319:
314:
310:
306:
304:
300:
296:
294:
284:
282:
272:
270:
265:
260:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Gilgit Scouts
238:
237:
228:
225:
214:
212:
211:Pakistan Army
201:
200:
199:
198:
193:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
161:
159:
148:
147:
146:
144:
139:
132:
131:
126:
118:
115:One-third of
114:
109:
108:
104:
100:
97:
96:
92:
88:
85:
84:
78:
75:
74:
70:
66:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
8908:Yemen crisis
8590:Other topics
8515:Active Ships
8427:
8419:
8401:Insurgencies
8379:
8370:
8346:
8338:
8320:
8282:Congo Crisis
8241:
8182:Cactus-Lilly
8181:
8173:
7731:Ministry and
7724:Organisation
7461:26 October—
7455:24 October—
7448:22 October—
7430:5 February—
7424:19 January—
7235:Negotiations
7037:1947–present
6933:
6915:
6905:
6895:
6868:
6859:
6843:
6841:Praval, K.C.
6826:
6816:
6779:
6758:
6733:
6708:
6687:
6662:
6659:India Review
6658:
6650:the original
6634:
6623:
6612:
6591:
6570:
6559:
6535:
6511:
6490:
6469:
6448:
6427:
6403:
6379:
6358:
6354:Dasgupta, C.
6334:
6320:the original
6301:
6280:
6259:
6238:
6217:
6192:
6188:
6168:
6155:
6134:
6122:, retrieved
6118:the original
6113:
6109:
6096:
6092:
6076:. Retrieved
6072:the original
6067:
6063:
6051:Bibliography
6028:
6021:
6001:
5994:
5974:
5967:
5947:
5940:
5928:. Retrieved
5919:
5910:
5891:
5885:
5867:
5857:
5845:. Retrieved
5841:the original
5831:
5806:
5798:
5790:
5770:
5763:
5743:
5736:
5728:
5723:
5717:
5706:
5699:. Retrieved
5684:
5672:
5657:
5643:
5628:
5617:
5602:
5591:
5586:
5576:
5561:
5550:
5543:. Retrieved
5528:
5518:
5505:
5503:
5489:
5478:
5463:
5452:
5437:
5426:
5411:
5400:
5385:
5374:
5359:
5348:
5333:
5322:
5303:
5292:
5273:
5262:
5243:
5232:
5217:
5206:
5187:
5176:
5157:
5146:
5127:
5115:inconclusive
5114:
5111:
5097:
5085:
5082:
5068:
5057:inconclusive
5056:
5053:
5049:
5037:
5034:
5020:
5008:
5007:Despite its
5006:
4992:
4980:
4976:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4950:
4930:
4923:
4911:. Retrieved
4897:
4885:
4866:
4860:
4840:
4833:
4813:
4783:
4776:
4756:
4749:
4729:
4722:
4713:
4707:
4691:
4678:
4659:
4653:
4633:
4626:
4606:
4599:
4579:
4572:
4552:
4545:
4537:the original
4532:
4523:
4503:
4496:
4487:
4471:Tom Cooper,
4467:
4457:
4450:
4442:
4437:
4417:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4376:
4369:
4357:
4345:
4333:. Retrieved
4313:
4307:
4295:
4283:
4271:
4263:the original
4258:
4249:
4241:the original
4230:
4218:
4203:
4198:
4178:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4100:
4093:
4069:
4059:
4051:
4046:
4034:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3976:
3972:
3959:
3920:
3905:
3898:
3886:
3859:
3839:
3829:
3817:
3812:, p. 9.
3805:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3749:
3742:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3709:
3697:
3692:, p. 9.
3670:
3650:
3643:
3623:
3617:
3597:, p. 8.
3590:
3570:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3528:, retrieved
3509:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3465:
3458:
3446:
3434:
3422:
3414:the original
3409:
3405:
3398:Puri, Balraj
3392:
3380:
3368:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3272:
3262:
3255:
3230:
3192:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3150:the original
3137:
3105:
3102:India Review
3101:
3095:
3086:
3066:
3059:
3046:
3036:
3016:
2990:. Retrieved
2970:
2963:
2954:
2935:
2915:
2907:
2865:
2827:
2819:
2804:
2797:
2779:
2759:
2752:
2740:
2720:
2713:
2693:
2686:
2649:
2642:
2616:
2611:, p. 97
2604:
2580:
2573:
2547:
2534:
2525:
2504:
2491:
2481:
2389:(Posthumous)
2380:(Posthumous)
2355:(Posthumous)
2333:
2286:
2249:
2234:
2223:
2209:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2163:
2143:
2131:
2056:
2022:
1999:
1983:
1959:
1945:PAVO Cavalry
1934:
1910:
1907:
1880:
1872:
1863:Muzaffarabad
1860:
1813:
1793:
1777:
1768:
1752:Kotli tehsil
1749:
1733:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1672:
1667:
1657:
1638:
1618:
1593:
1580:
1574:
1532:
1518:
1483:
1472:
1451:
1448:Muzaffarabad
1439:
1403:
1392:
1213:Muzaffarabad
1166:
1148:
1106:
1087:
1054:
1046:Rob Lockhart
1018:
982:
919:Sutlej River
892:
888:Ranjit Singh
884:Kangra state
872:Rajput kings
865:
823:
789:
774:
746:
742:
740:
728:J&K 2019
723:Balakot 2019
711:
710:
669:
668:
647:
646:
611:
604:
534:
522:
357:Rob Lockhart
313:Furqan Force
188:
133:
128:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
8971:Anti-piracy
8929:Bosnian War
8869:Middle East
8812:Afghanistan
8742:Martial law
8373:(Hyderabad)
8362:Annexations
8347:Devi Shakti
8083:Coast Guard
7616:Indian Navy
7603:Indian Army
7418:Observances
7221:2016 strike
6124:28 December
5930:19 December
5701:22 December
5545:22 December
4335:15 November
4206:, Roxford,
2609:Massey 2005
2362:Karam Singh
2237:failed coup
1893:during the
1789:Indian Army
1756:Owen Pattan
1745:Poonch city
1626:Janak Singh
1363:Indus river
947:British Raj
927:Gulab Singh
899:Sikh Empire
868:Afghanistan
622:War of 1971
617:War of 1965
490:Zaman Kiani
158:Indian Army
110:Territorial
9004:Categories
8835:Soviet War
8426:Operation
8418:Operation
8378:Operation
8369:Operation
8345:Operation
8337:Operation
8319:Operation
8240:Operation
8225:Korean War
8195:Kargil War
8180:Operation
8172:Operation
8110:Operations
7638:Leadership
7484:Insurgency
7442:5 August—
7164:Operations
7077:Kargil War
6078:6 November
5920:The Nation
4890:Barua 2005
4380:. Cassell.
3979:(1): 1–7,
2621:Barua 2005
2452:Kargil War
2359:Lance Naik
2241:Akbar Khan
2171:plebiscite
2093:and later
1664:Akbar Khan
1436:Abbottabad
1377:Ravi river
1254:Abbottabad
1147:district (
1058:Roy Bucher
915:Beas River
905:, and the
852:Background
821:to India.
791:Hari Singh
781:Waziristan
632:Kargil War
468:Akbar Khan
389:Hari Singh
368:Roy Bucher
50:, and the
8983:Venezuela
8922:Worldwide
8850:1996-2001
8675:Air Force
8574:Documents
8539:Air Force
8461:Equipment
8420:Blue Star
8263:2016–2018
8258:2014–2015
8213:Conflicts
8211:External
8157:Naval War
8130:1947–1948
8078:Air Force
8053:Personnel
7957:Air Force
7645:President
7436:13 July—
7155:2020–2021
7128:2016–2018
7123:2014–2015
7032:1846–1946
6756:(2013) .
6730:(2003) .
6679:155030407
6533:(1966) .
6356:(2014) .
6209:159652497
6099:(8): 8–49
5279:Routledge
4977:stalemate
4027:144787951
3130:155030407
3122:1473-6489
2565:Citations
2499:from 1943
2230:ceasefire
2205:Baltistan
2148:Aftermath
2075:7 Cavalry
1899:Baramulla
1830:Bodyguard
1741:Rawalakot
1464:Rawalakot
1153:Baltistan
1029:dominions
909:. In the
815:Baramulla
757:over the
303:Swat Army
103:Aftermath
8903:Gulf War
8735:Domestic
8660:Category
8428:Woodrose
8387:Junagadh
8242:Parakram
7801:Commands
7027:Timeline
6557:(1963).
6425:(2015).
6401:(2008).
6110:Epilogue
6093:Epilogue
6064:Epilogue
5924:Archived
4961:(1997).
4907:Archived
4696:Archived
4476:Archived
4329:Archived
4176:(2007).
4067:(2003).
3981:archived
3837:(2014).
3530:17 April
3524:archived
3406:Epilogue
3223:Archived
3051:Archived
2986:Archived
2837:Archived
2789:Archived
2596:Archived
2557:Ziegler.
2411:See also
2394:Pakistan
2318:Srinagar
2309:Naoshera
2291:and one
2067:Cariappa
1986:garrison
1966:Naoshera
1828:and the
1619:Scholar
1490:Malakand
1452:lashkars
1446:through
1440:lashkars
1432:Nowshera
1420:Peshawar
1404:lashkars
1350:Nowshera
1125:Udhampur
1115:and the
931:Maharaja
917:and the
842:Srinagar
811:Srinagar
795:Maharaja
755:Pakistan
718:LoC 2016
197:Pakistan
86:Location
8978:Somalia
8855:2001-21
8845:1992-96
8840:1989-92
8602:History
8436:Kashmir
8174:Trident
8162:Air War
7472:Related
6571:Azaadi!
5847:29 June
4913:3 April
4019:1048283
3220:Kashmir
2512:at the
2324:Zoji La
2321:Teetwal
2315:Rajouri
2268:Siachen
2139:Zoji La
2091:Matayan
2063:Zoji La
2029:Teetwal
1962:Jhanger
1921:Chitral
1834:Chitral
1764:Throchi
1750:In the
1547:Kashmir
1512:to the
1506:Chitral
1494:Sialkot
1460:Bhimber
1290:Chitral
1241:Bhimber
1171:led by
1149:wazarat
943:dynasty
903:Kashmir
785:Kashmir
776:lashkar
712:Strikes
701:2020–21
691:2016–18
686:2014–15
545:Pashtun
112:changes
105:section
8561:Future
8530:Future
8413:Punjab
8339:Raahat
8321:Cactus
7626:
7613:
7600:
7533:(OGWs)
7506:Ikhwan
6951:
6940:
6922:
6875:
6850:
6833:
6787:
6766:
6742:
6716:
6695:
6677:
6642:
6599:
6578:
6543:
6519:
6498:
6477:
6456:
6435:
6411:
6387:
6366:
6342:
6312:
6288:
6267:
6246:
6225:
6207:
6176:
6142:
6036:
6009:
5982:
5955:
5898:
5874:
5819:
5783:
5751:
5692:
5665:
5636:
5610:
5569:
5536:
5496:
5471:
5445:
5419:
5393:
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5341:
5315:
5285:
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5225:
5199:
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5104:
5075:
5027:
4999:
4938:
4873:
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4791:
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4186:
4108:
4081:
4025:
4017:
3913:
3847:
3757:
3658:
3631:
3578:
3516:
3200:
3128:
3120:
3074:
3024:
2992:18 May
2978:
2942:
2812:
2767:
2728:
2701:
2657:
2588:
2351:Major
2306:Kargil
2303:Gurais
2197:Ladakh
2191:, the
2134:Poonch
2107:Skardu
2099:Kargil
2041:Ladakh
2007:Kargil
1990:Skardu
1913:Gilgit
1887:Badgam
1817:Gilgit
1760:Sehnsa
1739:(near
1737:Thorar
1660:Murree
1652:Murree
1577:Poonch
1504:, and
1456:Poonch
1227:Poonch
1155:. The
1145:Ladakh
1141:Poonch
1137:Mirpur
1013:Bengal
1009:Punjab
925:ruler
803:Poonch
793:, the
538:20,000
221:
208:
168:
155:
98:Result
65:Indian
8757:1970s
8380:Vijay
7809:Joint
6675:S2CID
6323:(PDF)
6306:(PDF)
6205:S2CID
4699:(PDF)
4688:(PDF)
4023:S2CID
4015:JSTOR
3984:(PDF)
3969:(PDF)
3153:(PDF)
3146:(PDF)
3126:S2CID
2912:(PDF)
2473:Notes
2346:India
2312:Punch
2216:UNCIP
2182:India
1974:Chamb
1941:Kotli
1581:jagir
1510:Indus
1479:Kiani
1468:Jammu
1428:Thall
1424:Kohat
1416:Wanna
1412:Bannu
1338:Thall
1326:Kohat
1314:Wanna
1302:Bannu
1162:Dogra
1133:Reasi
1129:Jammu
923:Dogra
751:India
526:6,279
143:India
8886:1973
8881:1967
8802:1999
8792:1971
8787:1965
8782:1947
8670:Navy
8665:Army
8508:Navy
8492:Army
8371:Polo
8307:2020
8292:1987
8268:2019
8253:2013
8248:2011
8152:1971
8135:1965
8118:Wars
8073:Navy
8068:Army
7929:Navy
7881:Army
7501:Rape
7150:2019
7118:2013
7113:2011
6949:ISBN
6938:ISBN
6920:ISBN
6873:ISBN
6848:ISBN
6831:ISBN
6785:ISBN
6764:ISBN
6740:ISBN
6714:ISBN
6693:ISBN
6640:ISBN
6597:ISBN
6576:ISBN
6541:ISBN
6517:ISBN
6496:ISBN
6475:ISBN
6454:ISBN
6433:ISBN
6409:ISBN
6385:ISBN
6364:ISBN
6340:ISBN
6310:ISBN
6286:ISBN
6265:ISBN
6244:ISBN
6223:ISBN
6174:ISBN
6140:ISBN
6126:2016
6080:2016
6034:ISBN
6007:ISBN
5980:ISBN
5953:ISBN
5932:2023
5896:ISBN
5872:ISBN
5849:2017
5817:ISBN
5781:ISBN
5749:ISBN
5703:2023
5690:ISBN
5663:ISBN
5634:ISBN
5608:ISBN
5567:ISBN
5547:2023
5534:ISBN
5494:ISBN
5469:ISBN
5443:ISBN
5417:ISBN
5391:ISBN
5365:ISBN
5339:ISBN
5313:ISBN
5283:ISBN
5253:ISBN
5223:ISBN
5197:ISBN
5167:ISBN
5137:ISBN
5102:ISBN
5073:ISBN
5025:ISBN
4997:ISBN
4936:ISBN
4915:2016
4871:ISBN
4846:ISBN
4819:ISBN
4789:ISBN
4762:ISBN
4735:ISBN
4664:ISBN
4639:ISBN
4612:ISBN
4585:ISBN
4558:ISBN
4509:ISBN
4423:ISBN
4337:2015
4319:ISBN
4208:ISBN
4184:ISBN
4106:ISBN
4079:ISBN
3911:ISBN
3845:ISBN
3755:ISBN
3721:)",
3656:ISBN
3629:ISBN
3576:ISBN
3532:2018
3514:ISBN
3198:ISBN
3118:ISSN
3072:ISBN
3022:ISBN
2994:2022
2976:ISBN
2940:ISBN
2810:ISBN
2765:ISBN
2726:ISBN
2699:ISBN
2655:ISBN
2586:ISBN
2375:Naik
2256:1971
2254:and
2252:1965
2195:and
2156:The
2095:Dras
2035:and
1901:and
1779:the
1762:and
1597:Bagh
1514:Ravi
1498:Swat
1462:and
1430:and
1266:Swat
1139:and
1131:and
1060:and
1011:and
987:and
893:The
860:and
753:and
741:The
706:2023
696:2019
681:2013
676:2011
465:Col.
101:See
76:Date
6667:doi
6197:doi
5777:460
4259:NRK
4075:100
4007:doi
4003:541
3731:doi
3229:in
3110:doi
2103:Leh
2073:of
2003:Leh
1970:Uri
1911:In
1903:Uri
1545:of
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1492:to
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