137:
91:
298:), a side which lowers to ease the process of putting the child into the bed, but can be raised again to restore the integrity of the enclosure. However, assembly problems and malfunctioning hardware on drop gates can cause the formation of gaps, which have been attributed to infant deaths and other major injuries. In June 2011, the United States implemented new safety standards requiring all infant beds manufactured and sold in the country to have fixed sides. In June 2016, Canada implemented a similar ban on the sale, importation, or distribution of any infant bed containing drop sides effective December 29, 2016.
205:
318:). In their portable form the beds generally do not feature a dropside, and portability factors are emphasised. Portacots are often made from plastics, are often smaller and fold into a compact package. Rather than bars, they will have breathable mesh sides with an aperture too small for any finger to fit into (less than 5mm by the standards). Standards for folding infant beds exist for Australia and New Zealand, Europe and international (adopted by various organisations including the
125:, acquiring a role of keeping the child in their bed. The development of a distinction between infant beds and bassinettes was natural because it was "considered vital that the child's bed be raised off the ground." This was due to a perception of noxious fumes below knee level, and explosive vapours near the ceiling, with good air in between. Once children's beds were raised off the ground the role of the sides changed from a convenience to a safety feature.
2079:
160:-like corner posts) has been dated to 1620–1640. Proponents promoted the supposed health benefits of iron beds. Infant beds constructed from metal became popular during the later half of the 19th century. Infant beds (and bassinettes) constructed from iron with mesh or chain sides were common. Childcare experts gave iron beds their approval because it was hygienic material (compared with wood) and could not "harbour vermin", of which
20:
477:
2089:
348:
539:
414:
1120:
Paula S. Fass, Mary Ann Mason - Childhood in
America 2000 0814726925- Page 622 "An infant's cradle referred to the baby's place of lodging, whether in a wicker basket, old box, old chest, or specially designed bed. What really mattered was that any sort of separate bed was better for an infant than
355:
Although in the U.S. there is a standard size for an infant bed (~71 cm x ~133 cm), 12% of the 2.4 million infant beds sold annually are not of this size; "mini cribs" are an example of this. The "mini crib" is an umbrella term that covers all cots smaller than the standard size. It means
216:
has set standards for infant beds sold since 1973. Since this time U.S. annual deaths attributed to infant beds reducing from approximately 200 to approximately 50, and injury rates now at approximately 8,000 per year. Many of these injuries are attributed to the 25 million infant beds manufactured
132:
they may be able to get out of a bed with low sides. According to an expert of the time, infant beds were used once the child was 12 months old. Often one side was hinged to open the enclosure, a function fulfilled in modern infant beds with a dropside. With the hinge side lowered, the bed could be
228:
for infant beds include considerations such as the materials used and preventing hand and head entrapment. Standards for infant beds have been specified in
Australia and New Zealand, Europe, the United States and internationally. Design standards all identify and address four broad hazards:
421:
Placing a child into an infant bed can put strain on a caretaker's back as they typically have a mass between 11.8 kilograms (26 lb) and 16.8 kilograms (37 lb) at 36 months of age. To reduce the strain on those operating an infant bed, many infant beds feature:
534:
can be used instead to keep the baby warm. Older children can use items such as pillows and toys to construct a platform to facilitate escape, defeating the major design criteria and endangering the child.
550:), also known as "rompers" in some regions, are marketed to keep children from bumping against the hard sides and hurting themselves or becoming entrapped between the crib slats. A number of instances of
359:
Larger infant beds are manufactured, generally for hospital use or for those with special needs. They may include a top, generally made of plastic or metal, to prevent a child from climbing out.
402:
with their actions; a bassinet may tip, an infant bed will not without concerted effort. Around two or three years of age children are able to defeat their confinement and should be moved to a
398:, more mass, a broader base of support and can hold a larger baby than a bassinet. Infant beds are more stable than bassinets and as such become desirable when a baby can roll, transferring
332:
that can be converted into a standard sized bed as the child grows larger have become increasingly popular due to a longer useful life for the furniture. By removing both sides it becomes a
262:
if their clothing gets caught on parts of a cot that stick out, or if their head becomes trapped between gaps. Neither gaps large enough for a child's head nor protrusions are permitted.
558:
recommends against their use. The Safe Sleep for Babies Act of 2021 banned the sale or manufacture of crib bumpers in the United States, along with infant beds inclined more than 10°.
915:
Committee F15.18 on Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and
Changing Tables (2011). "ASTM F1169 - 11 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby Cribs".
492:
outcomes; a firm, clean and well-fitting mattress lowers SIDS risk. However, neither mattress materials nor using a second-hand mattress affect SIDS risk. It is common to place a
808:
1016:
591:
sleep. In the event an infant rolls over on their stomach they have a much better ability to breathe with a breathable mattress, compared to a closed surface
63:. The cage-like design of infant beds restricts the child to the bed. Between one and two years of age, children are able to climb out and are moved to a
286:
Infants can suffer injuries to their arms and legs if they become trapped between gaps. Gaps small enough for a limb to become trapped are not permitted.
1284:
511:
ought to fit the mattress tightly so that the child cannot become entangled and suffocate; a common safety recommendation is to short sheet the bed.
952:
580:
nearby so as to alert the caretaker when the child awakens. Without either professional endorsement or scientific evidence that they prevent SIDS,
992:
956:
1152:
2125:
1177:
978:
356:
that travel cribs and many play yards can also be called mini cribs. This said, people often use the term for small baby beds with hard sides.
1368:
1332:
1247:
604:
518:
in very young children, and the danger of a fall from the bed for other children, the addition of anything other than sheets (including
1505:
1046:
838:
637:/Twin bed, a less common subsequent bed for toddlers due to bed height (making it hard to get in and out) and a lack of integral
213:
1452:
280:
if they fall into gaps created by ill-fitting or additional mattresses. Babies can also suffocate if the mattress is too soft.
1006:
1422:
1401:
1076:
899:
868:
772:
319:
914:
801:
747:
1100:
410:
while escaping their bed (falls account for 66% of emergency room admissions due to infant beds in the United States.).
2118:
172:, later manufacturers working with wood continued to paint in the now traditional white; unfortunately this was often
1556:
722:
684:
1207:"SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment"
136:
276:
to turn their heads should they roll into something that obstructs their breathing. They can become trapped and
1364:
1156:
555:
449:
1181:
102:
The name "crib" was used to describe a slatted, high-sided child's bed. It derives from the Old
English word "
2111:
1911:
1295:
891:
1479:
641:
to stop the child accidentally rolling out while asleep (although temporary cot sides are widely available)
551:
489:
457:
576:
With decreasing technology prices and increasing house sizes, it has become increasingly common to have a
531:
59:
and very young children. Infant beds are a historically recent development intended to contain a child
1445:"Frequently Asked Questions - Do baby monitors reduce the risk of sudden unexpected death in infancy?"
2179:
1503:
945:
90:
2092:
802:"Injuries Associated With Cribs, Playpens, and Bassinets Among Young Children in the US, 1990–2008"
1529:
888:
BS EN 716-1:2008 Furniture. Children's cots and folding cots for domestic use. Safety requirements
542:
An infant bed with raised mattress, mobile and traditional crib bumpers (now considered dangerous)
2215:
1153:"Child growth standards: Weight-for-age tables: Girls percentiles (10th percentile at 36 months)"
1178:"Child growth standards: Weight-for-age tables: Boys percentiles (90th percentile at 36 months)"
975:
ISO 7175-1:1997 Children's cots and folding cots for domestic use - Part 1: Safety requirements
220:
Infant beds are designed to restrict the baby to the bed. The sides are too high for a baby to
1357:
1321:
1258:
573:(8 to 12 months of age). Mirrors are to keep the children entertained while awake in the bed.
2256:
1782:
1549:
932:
337:
1512:
8:
1835:
161:
145:
1996:
1825:
986:
916:
834:
799:
776:
566:
504:
493:
407:
245:
225:
68:
1659:
1038:
2241:
2220:
2169:
2018:
1397:
1228:
1131:
1072:
895:
864:
718:
690:
680:
570:
435:
395:
188:
129:
60:
773:"CPSC Saves Lives Through Voluntary Standards and Mandatory Regulation: Crib Safety"
468:(dummy), and avoidance of soft bedding, overheating, and exposure to tobacco smoke.
2251:
2082:
1963:
1906:
1886:
1542:
1218:
920:
417:
A baby lying on an elevated mattress in an infant bed with traditional crib bumpers
204:
133:
moved on casters, and they could be moved right up to the carer's bed when needed.
78:
countries, employed by the majority of parents as an alternative to sharing a bed (
40:
1248:"Information Statement: Speculation concerning toxic gas from mattresses and SIDS"
679:(Hardcover ed.). Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club. p. 121.
390:
An infant bed is typically used after it is no longer safe to leave the baby in a
1958:
1921:
1630:
1444:
1418:
1011:
461:
431:
169:
152:. This new application was quickly extended to children's beds - a rockable iron
52:
36:
464:(back sleeping), use of a firm sleep surface, breastfeeding, consideration of a
187:
with a mattress in the bottom, which are distributed to expectant mothers as a "
2028:
1948:
1943:
1650:
739:
569:
are musical toys to soothe the baby to sleep, but should be removed before the
456:(but not a bed) with their parents, as this has shown to be protective against
379:
1204:
619:, a practice in which babies and young children sleep with one or both parents
366:
is an infant bed which rocks but is non-mobile. It is distinct from a typical
2246:
2235:
2210:
2174:
1926:
1810:
1805:
1092:
371:
241:
184:
75:
694:
2164:
2064:
2033:
2023:
1953:
1863:
1820:
1800:
1731:
1645:
1232:
1223:
1206:
584:
monitors are available to alert the caregiver if the baby stops breathing.
577:
363:
115:
95:
2157:
1986:
1981:
1901:
1868:
1830:
1815:
1741:
1709:
1282:
1245:
628:
616:
527:
515:
453:
403:
375:
333:
269:
176:, and children were notorious for chewing and sucking the sweet surface.
144:
Iron beds were developed in 17th century Italy to address concerns about
79:
64:
1358:"A Parents' Guide to Safe Sleep: Helping you to reduce the risk of SIDS"
2194:
2103:
2059:
2049:
2013:
2007:
1858:
1699:
1694:
1677:
1620:
1504:
United States federal government's
Consumer Product Safety Commission.
634:
259:
237:
217:
prior to the progressively refined safety standards, yet still in use.
173:
153:
122:
111:
370:
which is a basket-like container on free-standing legs with wheels. A
103:
23:
An infant bed, depicted with posts that present a strangulation hazard
2184:
2134:
1891:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1506:"Full-Size Baby Cribs and Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs: Safety Standards"
924:
638:
508:
1392:
Jackson S, Honaker SM (2019). "Chapter 16: Sleep". In Hupp S (ed.).
1071:. Sydney, NSW: Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand. 2010.
1850:
1840:
1792:
1772:
1726:
1704:
1689:
1665:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1579:
1039:"Health Canada bans sale, import, advertisement of drop-side cribs"
800:
Elaine S. Yeh; Lynne M. Rochette; Lara B. McKenzie; Gary A. Smith.
622:
592:
485:
465:
427:
391:
367:
277:
249:
221:
530:) into an infant bed is not recommended by health authorities. A
121:
It was not until the 19th century that infant beds developed from
2189:
2001:
1991:
1916:
1878:
1671:
1640:
1595:
1565:
644:
587:
Breathable mattresses are now being recommended to provide safer
547:
497:
441:
399:
180:
1205:
Task Force on Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome; Moon, R. Y. (2011).
476:
1973:
1683:
1625:
1475:
1294:. Melbourne: National SIDS Council of Australia. Archived from
1257:. Melbourne: National SIDS Council of Australia. Archived from
1093:"Mini Crib vs Crib- What's the Difference & Which is Best?"
588:
523:
501:
341:
273:
248:
when trying to climb out, footholds are not permitted. Minimum
107:
56:
770:
347:
208:
Standards specify acceptable and hazardous gaps in infant beds
168:
and moths were cited concerns. Commonly painted with a white
2054:
1937:
1931:
1896:
1635:
1589:
861:
AS/NZS 2172:2010 Cots for household use - Safety requirements
581:
538:
519:
212:
As an example of improving safety of infant bed designs, the
157:
149:
19:
430:
that can be in a raised position until the child is able to
165:
1534:
1283:
National
Scientific Advisory Group (NSAG) (October 2005).
1246:
National
Scientific Advisory Group (NSAG) (October 2005).
434:, and potentially lowered further when they are likely to
1574:
562:
378:
left from the destruction of the city by the eruption of
647:, an enclosure designed to retain a child while playing
413:
1451:. National SIDS Council of Australia. March 26, 2010.
972:
1476:"OrganicDream: #1 Rated Organic Baby Crib Mattress"
1394:
Pseudoscience in Child and
Adolescent Psychotherapy
252:
heights are defined for various mattress positions.
1069:AS/NZS 2195:2010: Folding cots—Safety requirements
712:
1031:
2233:
460:(SIDS). Other sleep environment factors include
1285:"Information Statement: Second hand mattresses"
832:
1391:
979:International Organization for Standardization
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
2119:
1550:
1473:
740:"Why Finnish babies sleep in cardboard boxes"
674:
565:are specifically intended for an infant bed.
16:Small bed for infants and very young children
110:" (food trough, referring to the shape of a
1416:
1396:. Cambridge University Press. p. 248.
1180:. World Health Organization. Archived from
1155:. World Health Organization. Archived from
1132:"Life and death in Pompeii and Herculaneum"
991:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
657:
306:Infant beds can be stationary or portable (
2126:
2112:
1557:
1543:
1419:"PIA Seminar Housing Density & Design"
1200:
1198:
968:
966:
955:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
795:
793:
737:
708:
706:
704:
1222:
951:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
444:to make it easier to move the bed around.
340:, or removing just one side it becomes a
2133:
766:
764:
717:. Philip Wilson Publishers. p. 18.
537:
475:
452:recommends that infants under 12 months
412:
346:
203:
135:
89:
18:
1195:
963:
882:
880:
790:
701:
484:Scientific research has shown that the
214:U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
2234:
1338:from the original on February 16, 2017
1331:. National SIDS Council of Australia.
1007:"U.S. Government Bans Drop-Side Cribs"
631:, a common subsequent bed for toddlers
603:All U.S. makers of infant cribs carry
2107:
1538:
1019:from the original on October 10, 2014
761:
320:American National Standards Institute
128:It was recognised that once children
2088:
1482:from the original on October 9, 2020
1455:from the original on October 9, 2020
1425:from the original on October 9, 2020
877:
841:from the original on October 9, 2020
814:from the original on October 9, 2020
771:Consumer Product Safety Commission.
554:have involved crib bumpers, and the
1319:
1049:from the original on 9 October 2020
625:, a common precursor bed for babies
607:safety and quality certifications.
374:cradle was found in the remains of
13:
1385:
713:George Himmelheber (May 2, 2003).
514:Because of the pronounced risk of
14:
2268:
1497:
118:(implying corralling the child).
2087:
2078:
2077:
598:
1474:Cullen, Steve (February 2020).
1467:
1437:
1410:
1374:from the original on 2012-03-24
1350:
1313:
1276:
1239:
1170:
1145:
1124:
1121:being put to sleep with its .."
1114:
1103:from the original on 2020-10-09
1085:
1061:
999:
750:from the original on 2013-06-05
258:Infants can become trapped and
74:Infant beds are more common in
1365:American Academy of Pediatrics
908:
853:
826:
731:
556:American Academy of Pediatrics
471:
450:American Academy of Pediatrics
1:
973:ISO TC 136/SC 5/WG 3 (2007).
892:British Standards Institution
863:. Standards Australia. 2010.
675:Kevill-Davies, Sally (1991).
651:
507:from damaging the mattress.
496:between the mattress and the
301:
290:Some older cribs contained a
458:sudden infant death syndrome
236:To prevent injuries such as
199:
191:" containing baby supplies.
98:painting of a baby in a crib
7:
1564:
610:
10:
2273:
1912:Hudson's Bay point blanket
1530:CPSC crib safety standards
480:A wooden cradle from India
438:(between 8 and 12 months).
224:and provide no footholds.
85:
2203:
2180:Child-resistant packaging
2142:
2073:
2042:
1972:
1877:
1849:
1791:
1750:
1718:
1572:
1417:Redway, Tim (June 2008).
738:Helena Lee (2013-06-04).
194:
1322:"Safe Sleeping Brochure"
71:while escaping the bed.
47:, or far less commonly,
2216:School bus crossing arm
1224:10.1542/peds.2011-2285
940:Cite journal requires
543:
481:
418:
385:
352:
209:
179:Since 1938, babies in
141:
99:
24:
833:Mark A. Brandenburg.
541:
479:
416:
350:
207:
139:
93:
22:
779:on December 16, 2010
677:Yesterday's Children
394:. They have a lower
338:head and foot boards
336:with unusually high
1836:Orthopedic mattress
715:Cast-Iron Furniture
494:waterproof membrane
316:folding infant beds
226:Technical standards
162:bed bug infestation
146:bed bug infestation
140:Cradles in a museum
61:capable of standing
31:(commonly called a
1997:Contour leg pillow
1982:Acupressure pillow
1826:Mattress protector
1217:(5): e1341–e1367.
917:ASTM International
544:
482:
462:supine positioning
419:
353:
210:
142:
100:
94:Late-18th century
25:
2229:
2228:
2221:Child safety seat
2170:Child safety lock
2101:
2100:
2019:Orthopedic pillow
1403:978-1-316-62695-5
1301:on March 19, 2012
1264:on March 19, 2012
1078:978-0-7337-9323-3
1015:. June 28, 2011.
901:978-0-580-57969-1
870:978-0-7337-9594-7
396:center of gravity
326:Convertible cribs
189:maternity package
2264:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2091:
2090:
2081:
2080:
1964:Weighted blanket
1944:Security blanket
1907:Electric blanket
1559:
1552:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1511:. Archived from
1510:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1362:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1289:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1003:
997:
996:
990:
982:
970:
961:
960:
949:
943:
938:
936:
928:
925:10.1520/F1169-11
912:
906:
905:
884:
875:
874:
857:
851:
850:
848:
846:
830:
824:
823:
821:
819:
813:
806:
797:
788:
787:
785:
784:
775:. Archived from
768:
759:
758:
756:
755:
735:
729:
728:
710:
699:
698:
672:
330:convertible cots
268:Babies lack the
41:American English
2272:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2199:
2138:
2132:
2102:
2097:
2069:
2038:
1968:
1959:Sleeved blanket
1922:Patchwork quilt
1873:
1845:
1787:
1746:
1720:
1714:
1660:Lit à la Turque
1631:Four-poster bed
1577:
1568:
1563:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1203:
1196:
1187:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1005:
1004:
1000:
984:
983:
971:
964:
950:
941:
939:
930:
929:
913:
909:
902:
886:
885:
878:
871:
859:
858:
854:
844:
842:
831:
827:
817:
815:
811:
804:
798:
791:
782:
780:
769:
762:
753:
751:
736:
732:
725:
711:
702:
687:
673:
658:
654:
613:
601:
571:child can stand
474:
388:
304:
202:
197:
185:cardboard boxes
170:vitreous enamel
106:" which means "
88:
55:especially for
37:British English
17:
12:
11:
5:
2270:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2029:Speaker pillow
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:Silk comforter
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1751:Bed components
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1583:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1499:
1498:External links
1496:
1494:
1493:
1466:
1436:
1409:
1402:
1384:
1349:
1312:
1275:
1238:
1194:
1169:
1144:
1123:
1113:
1099:. 2018-04-02.
1084:
1077:
1060:
1030:
998:
962:
942:|journal=
907:
900:
876:
869:
852:
825:
789:
760:
730:
723:
700:
685:
655:
653:
650:
649:
648:
642:
632:
626:
620:
612:
609:
600:
597:
473:
470:
446:
445:
439:
436:begin standing
408:injurious fall
406:to prevent an
387:
384:
380:Mount Vesuvius
303:
300:
288:
287:
284:
281:
266:
263:
256:
253:
242:bone fractures
234:
201:
198:
196:
193:
183:have slept in
130:learn to stand
87:
84:
69:injurious fall
67:to prevent an
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2269:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Child harness
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:Childproofing
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:Related items
2041:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Photo blanket
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1811:Tick mattress
1809:
1807:
1806:Cambodian mat
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1518:on 2011-12-25
1514:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1481:
1478:. p. 1.
1477:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1449:SIDS and Kids
1446:
1440:
1424:
1421:. p. 6.
1420:
1413:
1405:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1353:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1297:
1293:
1292:SIDS and Kids
1286:
1279:
1260:
1256:
1255:SIDS and Kids
1249:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1184:on 2020-10-09
1183:
1179:
1173:
1159:on 2020-10-09
1158:
1154:
1148:
1133:
1127:
1117:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1023:September 24,
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1002:
994:
988:
980:
976:
969:
967:
958:
954:
947:
934:
926:
922:
918:
911:
903:
897:
893:
889:
883:
881:
872:
866:
862:
856:
840:
836:
835:"Crib Safety"
829:
810:
803:
796:
794:
778:
774:
767:
765:
749:
745:
741:
734:
727:. 0856674621.
726:
724:9780856674624
720:
716:
709:
707:
705:
697:. 185149135X.
696:
692:
688:
686:9781851491353
682:
678:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
656:
646:
643:
640:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
614:
608:
606:
599:Manufacturers
596:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
540:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
478:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
443:
440:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
423:
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
357:
349:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
299:
297:
293:
285:
282:
279:
275:
271:
267:
264:
261:
257:
255:Strangulation
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
231:
230:
227:
223:
218:
215:
206:
192:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
138:
134:
131:
126:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
97:
92:
83:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:) is a small
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
2257:Child safety
2165:Baby monitor
2152:
2135:Child safety
2065:Blanket fort
2034:Throw pillow
2006:
1954:Sleeping bag
1936:
1864:Bunkie board
1821:Mattress pad
1801:Air mattress
1736:
1732:Cradle (bed)
1690:Platform bed
1682:
1670:
1658:
1651:
1646:Hospital bed
1588:
1520:. Retrieved
1513:the original
1486:February 26,
1484:. Retrieved
1469:
1459:February 12,
1457:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1412:
1393:
1387:
1376:. Retrieved
1352:
1340:. Retrieved
1328:
1315:
1305:February 12,
1303:. Retrieved
1296:the original
1291:
1278:
1268:February 12,
1266:. Retrieved
1259:the original
1254:
1241:
1214:
1210:
1186:. Retrieved
1182:the original
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
1157:the original
1147:
1136:. Retrieved
1126:
1116:
1105:. Retrieved
1096:
1087:
1068:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1042:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
1010:
1001:
974:
933:cite journal
910:
887:
860:
855:
845:December 16,
843:. Retrieved
828:
818:December 16,
816:. Retrieved
781:. Retrieved
777:the original
752:. Retrieved
743:
733:
714:
676:
602:
586:
578:baby monitor
575:
560:
545:
528:stuffed toys
513:
483:
454:share a room
447:
420:
389:
361:
358:
354:
329:
325:
324:
315:
311:
307:
305:
295:
291:
289:
270:motor skills
219:
211:
178:
143:
127:
120:
101:
73:
48:
44:
32:
28:
26:
1987:Bamboo wife
1902:Duvet cover
1869:Storage bed
1831:Memory foam
1816:Mahjong mat
1742:Toddler bed
1719:Infant beds
1710:Trundle bed
1097:DadProgress
629:Toddler bed
617:Co-sleeping
516:suffocation
505:bed wetting
502:uncontained
500:to prevent
488:influences
472:Accessories
432:sit upright
404:toddler bed
376:Herculaneum
351:Baby cradle
334:toddler bed
265:Suffocation
123:bassinettes
80:co-sleeping
65:toddler bed
2236:Categories
2195:Pool fence
2060:Nightstand
2050:Bed warmer
2024:Sex pillow
2014:Eye pillow
2008:Dakimakura
1859:Box-spring
1793:Mattresses
1737:Infant bed
1700:Sleigh bed
1695:Polish bed
1678:Murphy bed
1621:Canopy bed
1522:2011-12-16
1429:January 3,
1378:2012-03-17
1211:Pediatrics
1188:2012-03-17
1163:2012-03-17
1138:2018-09-11
1107:2020-06-18
783:2011-12-16
754:2013-06-05
652:References
635:Single bed
548:cushioning
509:Bed sheets
382:in 79 CE.
372:carbonized
312:portacribs
302:Variations
283:Entrapment
238:concussion
174:lead paint
154:bassinette
112:bassinette
39:, and, in
29:infant bed
2185:Kiddy Bag
1892:Comforter
1851:Bed bases
1783:Headboard
1778:Footboard
1768:Bed skirt
1763:Bed sheet
1758:Bed frame
1654:bed-stove
1580:bed sizes
1342:March 18,
1320:rednose.
987:cite book
639:cot sides
546:Bumpers (
532:sleepsack
308:portacots
296:drop side
292:drop gate
278:suffocate
260:strangled
200:Standards
2242:Babycare
2143:Domestic
2083:Category
1879:Blankets
1841:Waterbed
1773:Cot side
1727:Bassinet
1705:Sofa bed
1666:Loft bed
1616:Camp bed
1611:Rope bed
1606:Cage bed
1601:Bunk bed
1480:Archived
1453:Archived
1423:Archived
1369:Archived
1367:. 2011.
1333:Archived
1233:22007003
1101:Archived
1047:Archived
1043:CBC News
1017:Archived
894:. 2008.
839:Archived
809:Archived
748:Archived
744:BBC News
695:25693027
623:Bassinet
611:See also
593:mattress
486:mattress
466:pacifier
428:mattress
392:bassinet
368:bassinet
274:strength
250:cot side
2252:Infancy
2190:Playpen
2158:Toddler
2137:devices
2093:Commons
2002:Cushion
1992:Bolster
1974:Pillows
1917:Lizhnyk
1672:Charpai
1641:Hammock
1596:Box-bed
1566:Bedding
1329:rednose
1053:30 June
645:Playpen
567:Mobiles
524:pillows
498:bedding
442:casters
400:inertia
181:Finland
86:History
76:Western
57:infants
2204:Travel
2153:Infant
1887:Afghan
1684:Petate
1626:Daybed
1573:Adult
1400:
1231:
1075:
898:
867:
721:
693:
683:
589:infant
520:quilts
364:cradle
342:daybed
195:Design
156:(with
108:manger
2055:Couch
1938:Razai
1932:Quilt
1897:Duvet
1636:Futon
1590:Banig
1516:(PDF)
1509:(PDF)
1372:(PDF)
1361:(PDF)
1336:(PDF)
1325:(PDF)
1299:(PDF)
1288:(PDF)
1262:(PDF)
1251:(PDF)
1134:. BBC
812:(PDF)
805:(PDF)
582:apnea
561:Some
246:falls
244:from
233:Falls
222:climb
158:spear
150:moths
116:stall
114:) or
104:cribb
96:Dutch
49:stock
2247:Beds
2149:Bed
1652:Kang
1575:beds
1488:2020
1461:2012
1431:2012
1398:ISBN
1344:2017
1307:2012
1270:2012
1229:PMID
1073:ISBN
1055:2016
1025:2014
1012:Time
993:link
957:link
953:link
946:help
896:ISBN
865:ISBN
847:2011
820:2011
719:ISBN
691:OCLC
681:ISBN
605:JPMA
563:toys
552:SIDS
526:and
490:SIDS
448:The
294:(or
240:and
166:lice
148:and
45:crib
43:, a
1219:doi
1215:128
921:doi
386:Use
328:or
322:).
314:or
272:or
82:).
53:bed
35:in
33:cot
27:An
2238::
1447:.
1363:.
1327:.
1290:.
1253:.
1227:.
1213:.
1209:.
1197:^
1095:.
1045:.
1041:.
1009:.
989:}}
985:{{
977:.
965:^
937::
935:}}
931:{{
919:.
890:.
879:^
837:.
807:.
792:^
763:^
746:.
742:.
703:^
689:.
659:^
595:.
522:,
426:a
362:A
310:,
164:,
2127:e
2120:t
2113:v
1582:)
1578:(
1558:e
1551:t
1544:v
1525:.
1490:.
1463:.
1433:.
1406:.
1381:.
1346:.
1309:.
1272:.
1235:.
1221::
1191:.
1166:.
1141:.
1110:.
1081:.
1057:.
1027:.
995:)
981:.
959:)
948:)
944:(
927:.
923::
904:.
873:.
849:.
822:.
786:.
757:.
344:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)
,_Acervo_do_Museu_do_Colono_(Santa_Leopoldina).jpg)