243:
144:
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665:, with mixed results. Although the Ratels succeeded in destroying a large number of Angolan tanks and APCs, they were hampered by many of the same problems as the BMP-1: mediocre standoff ranges, inferior fire control, and a lack of stabilized main gun. The Ratels' heavy armament also tempted South African commanders to utilize them as light tanks rather than in their intended role of infantry support.
669:
47:
196:'s doctrine called for mounted infantry to fight and maneuver alongside tank formations rather than simply being ferried to the edge of the battlefield before dismounting. Each SPz 12-3 could carry five troops in addition to a three-man crew. Despite this, the design lacked firing ports, forcing the embarked infantry to expose themselves through open hatches to return fire.
383:
between armor-piercing and high-explosive ammunition. Other variants were also fitted with mortars, a bank of anti-tank guided missiles, or a 90 mm cannon. Most notably, the Ratel was the first mine-protected IFV; it had a blastproof hull and was built to withstand the explosive force of anti-tank mines favored by local insurgents.
512:
499:. In addition to heralding the combat debut of the BMP-1, that conflict demonstrated the newfound significance of anti-tank guided missiles and the obsolescence of independent armored attacks. More emphasis was placed on combined arms offensives, and the importance of mechanized infantry to support tanks reemerged.
492:
the notion of using IFVs in these types of engagements dictated that they be heavily armed, which was reflected in the BMP-1 and its successors. Additionally, Soviet airborne doctrine made use of the BMD series of IFVs to operate in concert with paratroops rather than traditional mechanized or armored formations.
684:
Another design feature of the BMP-1 did prove more successful in establishing a precedent for future IFVs: its inclusion of an anti-tank missile system. This consisted of a rail-launcher firing 9M14 Malyutka missiles which had to be reloaded manually from outside the BMP's turret. Crew members had to
487:
concluded that infantry should only fight while mounted in their own armored vehicles, ideally supported by tanks. This doctrinal trend was later subsumed into the armies of other
Western nations, including the US, leading to the widespread conclusion that IFVs should be confined largely to assisting
433:
By 1982 30,000 IFVs had entered service worldwide, and the IFV concept appeared in the doctrines of 30 national armies. The popularity of the IFV was increased by the growing trend on the part of many nations to mechanize armies previously dominated by light infantry. However, contrary to expectation
386:
Like the BMP-1, the Ratel proved to be a major watershed in IFV development, albeit for different reasons: until its debut wheeled IFV designs were evaluated unfavorably, since they lacked the weight-carrying capacity and off-road mobility of tracked vehicles, and their wheels were more vulnerable to
502:
As a result of the Yom Kippur War, the Soviet Union attached more infantry to its armored formations and the US accelerated its long-delayed IFV development program. An IFV capable of accompanying tanks for the purpose of suppressing anti-tank weapons and the hostile infantry which operated them was
402:
program produced a number of unique prototypes, none of which were accepted for service owing to concerns about speed, armor protection, and weight. US Army evaluation staff were sent to Europe to review the AMX-10P and the Marder, both of which were rejected due to high cost, insufficient armor, or
701:
The US Army added a launcher for TOW anti-tank missiles to its fleet of
Bradleys, despite the fact that this greatly reduced the interior space available for seating the embarked infantry. This was justified on the basis that the Bradley needed to not only engage and destroy other IFVs, but support
567:
The
Bradley possessed a lightweight aluminum alloy hull, which in most successive marks has been bolstered by the addition of explosive reactive and slat armor, spaced laminate belts, and steel track skirts. Throughout its life cycle, an IFV is expected to gain 30% more weight from armor additions.
491:
The Soviet Army granted more flexibility in this regard to its IFV doctrine, allowing for the mechanized infantry to occupy terrain that compromised an enemy defense, carry out flanking movements, or lure armor into ill-advised counterattacks. While they still performed an auxiliary role to tanks,
458:
doctrine. While some IFVs are armed with a direct fire gun or anti-tank guided missiles for close infantry support, they are not intended to assault armored and mechanized forces with any type of infantry on their own, mounted or not. Rather, the IFV's role is to give an infantry unit battlefield,
394:
had gradually abandoned its attempts to utilize the M113 as an IFV and refocused on creating a dedicated IFV design able to match the BMP. Although considered reliable, the M113 chassis did not meet the necessary requirements for protection or stealth. The US also considered the M113 too heavy and
238:
The first US M113-based IFV appeared in 1969; known as the XM765, it had a sharply angled hull, ten vision blocks, and a cupola-mounted 20 mm autocannon. The XM765 design, though rejected for service, later became the basis for the very similar Dutch YPR-765. The YPR-765 had five firing ports
552:
to ensure mobility. Armies have generally accepted risk in reduced protection to recapitalize on an IFV's mobility, weight and speed. Their fully enclosed hulls offer protection from artillery fragments and residual environmental contaminants as well as limit exposure time to the mounted infantry
466:
Most IFVs either complement tanks as part of an armored battalion, brigade, or division. Others perform traditional infantry missions supported by tanks. Early development of IFVs in a number of
Western nations was promoted primarily by armor officers who wanted to integrate tanks with supporting
446:. British doctrine is that a vehicle should carry troops under protection to the objective and then give firepower support when they have disembarked. While normally classified as an IFV, the Warrior fills the role of an APC in British service and infantrymen do not remain embarked during combat.
106:
defines an infantry fighting vehicle as "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped primarily to transport a combat infantry squad, and which is armed with an integral or organic cannon of at least 20 millimeters calibre and sometimes an antitank missile launcher". IFVs often serve
630:
have set the trend of arming IFVs with an autocannon suitable for use against lightly armored vehicles, low-flying aircraft, and dismounted infantry. This reflected the growing inclination to view IFVs as auxiliaries of armored formations: a small or medium caliber autocannon was perceived as an
382:
Excessive track wear was also an issue in the region's abrasive, sandy terrain, making the Ratel's wheeled configuration more attractive. The Ratel was typically armed with a 20 mm autocannon featuring what was then a unique twin-linked ammunition feed, allowing its gunner to rapidly switch
167:
for infantry debussing from the vehicle's troop compartment. With the growing mechanization of infantry units worldwide, some armies also came to believe that the embarked personnel should fire their weapons from inside the protection of the APC and only fight on foot as a last resort. These two
129:
The IFV rapidly gained popularity with armies worldwide due to a demand for vehicles with higher firepower than APCs that were less expensive and easier to maintain than tanks. Nevertheless, it did not supersede the APC concept altogether, due to the latter's continued usefulness in specialized
710:
IFVs are designed to have the strategic and tactical mobility necessary to keep pace with tanks during rapid maneuvers. Some, like the BMD series, have airborne and amphibious capabilities. IFVs may be either wheeled or tracked; tracked IFVs are usually more heavily armored and possess greater
378:
specification for a wheeled combat vehicle suited to the demands of rapid offensives combining maximum firepower and strategic mobility. Unlike
European IFVs, the Ratel was not designed to allow mounted infantrymen to fight in concert with tanks but rather to operate independently across vast
410:
developed and tested the XM723, which was a 21-ton tracked chassis which could accommodate three crew members and eight passengers. It initially carried a single 20 mm autocannon in a one-man turret but in 1976 a two-man turret was introduced; this carried a 25 mm autocannon like
535:
Register for
Conventional Arms (UNROCA) simply defines an IFV as any armored vehicle "designed to fight with soldiers on board" and "to accompany tanks". UNROCA makes a clear distinction between IFVs and APCs, as the former's primary mission is combat rather than general transport.
350:, respectively – the first amphibious IFVs to appear outside the Soviet Union. The Marder, AMX-10P, and M-80 were all armed with similar 20 mm autocannon and carried seven to eight passengers. They could also be armed with various anti-tank missile configurations.
387:
hostile fire. However, improvements during the 1970s in power trains, suspension technology, and tires had increased their potential strategic mobility. Reduced production, operation, and maintenance costs also helped make wheeled IFVs attractive to several nations.
266:, had been designed as early as the late 1940s. Early versions of both these lightly armored vehicles were open-topped and carried only general-purpose machine guns for armament. As Soviet strategists became more preoccupied with the possibility of a war involving
430:. Successive variants have been retrofitted with improved missile systems, gas particulate filter systems, Kevlar spall liners, and increased stowage. The amount of space taken up by the hull and stowage modifications has reduced the number of passengers to six.
312:
with those of the traditional APC. Its use of a relatively large caliber main gun marked a departure from the
Western trend of fitting IFVs with automatic cannon, which were more suitable for engaging low-flying aircraft, light armor, and dismounted personnel.
304:
anti-tank missiles. Its hull had sufficiently heavy armor to resist .50 caliber armor-piercing ammunition along its frontal arc. Eight firing ports and vision blocks allowed the embarked infantry squad to observe and engage targets with rifles or machine guns.
711:
carrying capacity. Wheeled IFVs are cheaper and simpler to produce, maintain, and operate. From a logistical perspective, they are also ideal for an army without widespread access to transporters or a developed rail network to deploy its armor.
342:, which became increasingly heavily armored through its successive marks and – like the BMP – was later fitted as standard with a launcher for anti-tank guided missiles. Between 1973 and 1975 the French and Yugoslav armies developed the
199:
As the SPz 12-3 was being inducted into service, the French and
Austrian armies adopted new APCs which possessed firing ports, allowing embarked infantry to observe and fire their weapons from inside the vehicle. These were known as the
168:
trends led to the IFV, with firing ports in the troop compartment and a crew-manned weapons system. The IFV established a new niche between those combat vehicles which functioned primarily as armored weapons-carriers or as APCs.
631:
ideal suppressive weapon to complement large caliber tank fire. IFVs armed with miniature tank guns did not prove popular because many of the roles they were expected to perform were better performed by accompanying tanks.
208:, respectively. Austria subsequently introduced an IFV variant of the Saurer 4K which carried a 20 mm autocannon, making it the first vehicle of this class to possess both firing ports and a turreted weapons-system.
316:
The Soviet Union produced about 20,000 BMP-1s from 1966 to 1983, at which time it was considered the most widespread IFVs in the world. In Soviet service, the BMP-1 was ultimately superseded by the more sophisticated
519:
The US Army defines all vehicles classed as IFVs as having three essential characteristics: they are armed with at least a medium-caliber cannon or automatic grenade launcher, at least sufficiently protected against
379:
distances. South
African officials chose a very simple, economical design because it helped reduce the significant logistical commitment necessary to keep heavier combat vehicles operational in undeveloped areas.
441:
was one of the few
Western armies which had neither recognized a niche for IFVs nor adopted a dedicated IFV design by the late 1970s. In 1980, it made the decision to adopt a new tracked armored vehicle, the
434:
the IFV did not render APCs obsolete. The US, Russian, French, and German armies have all retained large fleets of IFVs and APCs, finding the APC more suitable for multi-purpose or auxiliary roles.
187:), which resembled a conventional tracked APC but carried a turret-mounted 20 mm autocannon that enabled it to engage other armored vehicles. The SPz 12-3 was the first purpose-built IFV.
642:, BMP-1 crews also complained that their armament lacked the elevation necessary to engage insurgents in mountainous terrain. The effectiveness of large caliber, low-velocity guns like the
560:, BVP M-80, and their respective variants all possess steel hulls with a distribution of armor and steep angling that protect them during frontal advances. The BMP-1 was vulnerable to
227:
wheeled machine gun armed proto-IFV. Following the trend towards converting preexisting APCs into IFVs, the Dutch, US, and Belgian armies experimented with a variety of modified
273:
The IFV concept was received favorably because it would enable a Soviet infantry squad to fight from inside their vehicles when operating in contaminated environments.
587:, inadequate mine protection in US Bradleys forced their crews to resort to makeshift strategies such as lining the hull floors with sandbags. A few IFVs, such as the
426:
The XM723 possessed amphibious capability, nine firing ports, and spaced laminate armor on its hull. It was accepted for service with the US Army in 1980 as the
118:(APCs), which are transport vehicles armed only for self-defense and not specifically engineered to fight on their own. IFVs are designed to be more mobile than
935:
171:
During the 1950s, the Soviet, US, and most European armies had adopted tracked APCs. In 1958, however, the Federal Republic of Germany's newly organized
270:, they became convinced of the need to deliver mounted troops to a battlefield without exposing them to the radioactive fallout from an atomic weapon.
1452:
685:
expose themselves to enemy fire to reload the missiles, and they could not guide them effectively from inside the confines of the turret space.
2478:
103:
242:
2515:
1522:
2770:
726:
17:
2046:
1424:
653:
The Ratel, which included a variant armed with a 90mm low-velocity gun, was utilized in South African combat operations against
556:
Many IFVs also have sharply angled hulls that offer a relatively high degree of protection for their armor thickness. The BMP,
1658:
1370:
1334:
1302:
1182:
980:
916:
881:
1500:
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143:
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721:
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or a large conventional gun; they may include side ports for infantrymen to fire their personal weapons while on board.
2540:
2320:
2087:
1408:
281:
in 1961. After evaluating and rejecting a number of other wheeled and tracked prototypes, the Soviet Army accepted the
2646:
2641:
2398:
2155:
2112:
1831:
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at close range on its flanks or rear, leading to a variety of more heavily armored marks appearing from 1979 onward.
2170:
1921:
1876:
1866:
1861:
1758:
1515:
575:
become more common, an increasing concern with regards to IFV protection has been adequate countermeasures against
443:
946:
1672:
524:
fire, and possess off-road mobility. It also identifies all IFVs as having some characteristics of an APC and a
329:
was designed to accompany Soviet airborne infantry and for a number of years was the world's only airborne IFV.
292:
In addition to being amphibious and superior in cross-country mobility to its predecessors, the BMP-1 carried a
2729:
1846:
228:
38:
1896:
1613:
694:
became the first Western army to embrace this trend when it retrofitted all its Marders with launchers for
688:
The BMP-2 and later variants of the BMP-1 made use of semiautonomous guided missile systems. In 1978, the
481:
s who had been inappropriately ordered to undertake combat operations better suited for armor. Hence, the
180:
148:
1906:
1881:
1808:
1508:
942:
746:
580:
267:
163:
of 1947-1991 armies increasingly fitted heavier and heavier weapons systems on an APC chassis to deliver
31:
544:
All IFVs possess armored hulls protected against rifle and machine gun fire, and some are equipped with
2393:
1536:
1456:
1096:
731:
638:
for its mediocre individual accuracy, due in part to the low velocities of its projectiles. During the
634:
The BMP-1, which was the first IFV to carry a relatively large cannon, came under criticism during the
616:
115:
2689:
358:
2780:
1926:
1481:. Port Elizabeth: International Veterans' Association/South African Forces Club. 2011. Archived from
612:
156:
91:
55:
2747:
2500:
2483:
1100:
662:
545:
427:
51:
2067:
1565:
2448:
1708:
1560:
1550:
766:
751:
366:, the first wheeled IFV, introduced a number of novel features, such as a mine-protected hull.
2738:
2107:
2051:
1946:
1886:
1773:
1530:
1327:
Surviving the Ride: A pictorial history of South African Manufactured Mine-Protected vehicles
639:
62:
224:
1956:
1911:
1091:
1089:
Besch, Edwin (July 1983). "Infantry fighting Vehicles: Their Evolution and Significance".
8:
2715:
1653:
756:
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seen as necessary to avoid the devastation wreaked on purely armored Israeli formations.
467:
infantry in armored divisions. There were a few exceptions to the rule: for example, the
455:
108:
1871:
572:
391:
375:
220:
216:
2443:
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2117:
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1404:
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1330:
1298:
1246:
1238:
1178:
976:
912:
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561:
1455:. Stellenbosch: Military Science Department, Stellenbosch University. Archived from
1399:
Parker, Sarah (2016). Clapham, Andrew; Casey-Maslen, Stuart; Giacca, Gilles (eds.).
2656:
2569:
2468:
2215:
1728:
1575:
736:
549:
215:
adopted two IFVs armed with 20 mm autocannon turrets and roof firing hatches:
164:
473:'s decision to adopt the SPz 12-3 was largely due to the experiences of Wehrmacht
2676:
2574:
2330:
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2102:
2036:
2011:
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1598:
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848:
741:
476:
412:
407:
274:
1249:
1235:
Doctrinal Orphan or Active Partner? A History of US Mechanized Infantry Doctrine
511:
155:
The infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) concept evolved directly out of that of the
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2016:
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635:
532:
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297:
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301:
205:
2255:
1295:
Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond
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With a few exceptions, such as the BMP-1 and the BMP-3, designs such as the
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2473:
2335:
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2150:
2041:
2006:
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1798:
1713:
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1593:
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339:
212:
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2300:
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1981:
1976:
1941:
1821:
1803:
1788:
1778:
1768:
1748:
1688:
1642:
792:
761:
702:
tanks in the destruction of other tanks during combined arms operations.
255:
99:
2127:
107:
both as the principal weapons system and as the mode of transport for a
2710:
2666:
2626:
2505:
2458:
2383:
2373:
2275:
2270:
2260:
2230:
2180:
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1951:
1936:
1901:
1841:
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604:
600:
525:
521:
420:
309:
174:
123:
2596:
308:
The BMP-1 was heavily armed and armored, combining the qualities of a
223:, having experimented with the IFV concept already during WWII in the
130:
roles. Some armies continue to maintain fleets of both IFVs and APCs.
2684:
2520:
2510:
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2001:
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1753:
873:
Combat Techniques: An Elite Forces Guide to Modern Infantry Tactics
608:
584:
347:
160:
95:
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on the BMP-1 and BMD-1 was also much reduced by the appearance of
2636:
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2488:
2368:
2165:
1916:
1668:
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800:
399:
343:
263:
231:
during the late 1960s; these were collectively identified as the
201:
1426:
Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies
911:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Publishers. p. 169.
869:
277:
began in the late 1950s and the first prototype appeared as the
2621:
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2601:
2530:
2525:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2350:
2345:
2305:
2122:
2082:
2062:
1638:
1633:
1628:
804:
654:
591:, have been specifically engineered to resist mine explosions.
557:
259:
807:
APCs as firing platforms and rarely debarked to fight on foot.
668:
515:
A typical configuration of a tracked infantry fighting vehicle
2586:
2557:
2535:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2325:
2290:
2285:
1996:
1991:
1971:
1966:
1961:
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695:
677:
627:
326:
322:
318:
286:
247:
67:
46:
909:
Arms Control and Global Security: A Document Guide, Volume 2
395:
slow to serve as an IFV capable of keeping pace with tanks.
2651:
2581:
2340:
2210:
2185:
2097:
1608:
658:
232:
119:
54:
tracked infantry fighting vehicle in US service during the
370:
Wheeled IFVs did not begin appearing until 1976, when the
27:
Type of armored personnel carrier with direct-fire support
1297:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Publishers. pp. 135–137.
239:
and a 25 mm autocannon with a co-axial machine gun.
973:
Israeli Soldier vs Syrian Soldier: Golan Heights 1967–73
325:(in service from 1987). A similar vehicle known as the
1325:
Camp, Steve; Helmoed-Römer, Heitman (November 2014).
37:"IFV" redirects here. For the Institut Français, see
1177:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 8–29, 30–32.
1361:Harmse, Kyle; Dunstan, Simon (23 February 2017).
1324:
1293:Rodgers, Russell (2014). Dowling, Timothy (ed.).
285:for service. It entered serial production as the
2762:
1329:. Pinetown: 30 Degrees South. pp. 166–179.
1403:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 77.
1363:South African Armour of the Border War 1975–89
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1516:
1365:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 21–31.
1360:
114:Infantry fighting vehicles are distinct from
104:Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
975:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 1–61.
689:
607:of various calibers, low or medium velocity
553:during extended movements over open ground.
482:
474:
468:
333:
191:
172:
1417:
1311:
390:During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the
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495:IFVs assumed a new significance after the
459:tactical, and operational mobility during
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1354:
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1346:
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1228:
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1128:
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1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
936:"International Issues Review (June 1984)"
870:Martin J. Dougherty, Chris McNab (2010).
727:List of modern armoured fighting vehicles
454:The role of the IFV is closely linked to
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
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61:
45:
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275:Soviet design work on a new tracked IFV
14:
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1343:
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1232:
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1010:
1008:
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1002:
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992:
945:. June 1984. p. 7. Archived from
930:
928:
906:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
262:, in 1957. Its first wheeled APC, the
1504:
1471:
1429:. Method Publishing. 2004. p. 30
1191:
1175:Bradley versus BMP: Desert Storm 1991
1088:
897:
849:"Versatile roles of the APC and MICV"
235:(Armored Infantry Fighting Vehicle).
122:and are equipped with a rapid-firing
1379:
863:
846:
403:lackluster amphibious capabilities.
1401:The Arms Trade Treaty: A Commentary
989:
925:
821:
722:Lists of armoured fighting vehicles
258:fielded its first tracked APC, the
24:
2771:Armoured fighting vehicles by type
785:
321:(in service from 1980) and by the
84:mechanized infantry combat vehicle
25:
2792:
138:
419:, a co-axial machine gun, and a
374:was introduced in response to a
353:
1453:"The Lessons of the Border War"
548:. Most have lighter armor than
488:the forward momentum of tanks.
211:In the early to mid-1960s, the
151:, the world's first IFV. (1965)
2739:Modern reconnaissance vehicles
799:motorized infantry used their
778:
661:armored formations during the
13:
1:
814:
539:
581:improvised explosive devices
423:anti-tank missile launcher.
250:with eight passengers (1988)
147:West German troops aboard a
7:
2748:Modern UK fighting vehicles
1537:armoured personnel carriers
943:Central Intelligence Agency
747:Improvised fighting vehicle
714:
705:
617:automatic grenade launchers
599:IFVs may be equipped with:
594:
449:
268:weapons of mass destruction
39:Institut français de Vienne
32:Improvised fighting vehicle
10:
2797:
2776:Infantry fighting vehicles
2394:Armoured Multirole Carrier
1533:infantry fighting vehicles
1097:Marine Corps Base Quantico
847:Foss, Christopher (1991).
732:Armoured personnel carrier
183:(also known simply as the
133:
116:armored personnel carriers
36:
29:
2703:
2675:
2359:
2136:
1574:
1543:
1451:Scholtz, Leopold (2012).
613:anti-tank guided missiles
546:active protection systems
506:
181:SchĂĽtzenpanzer Lang HS.30
173:
157:armored personnel carrier
149:SchĂĽtzenpanzer Lang HS.30
92:armoured fighting vehicle
76:infantry fighting vehicle
56:Second Battle of Fallujah
18:Infantry Fighting Vehicle
1101:Marine Corps Association
971:Campbell, David (2016).
663:South African Border War
428:Bradley Fighting Vehicle
98:into battle and provide
30:Not to be confused with
1566:Armoured reconnaissance
1561:Reconnaissance vehicle
1173:Guardia, Mike (2016).
767:Armored car (military)
752:Infantry Squad Vehicle
690:
681:
516:
483:
475:
469:
367:
334:
294:73mm smoothbore cannon
251:
192:
152:
71:
70:with embarked infantry
59:
2730:WWII US Soft Vehicles
907:Viotti, Paul (2010).
853:Jane's Defence Weekly
671:
514:
361:
300:, and a launcher for
245:
146:
65:
49:
1479:"Ratel teen tenk en"
1264:"Terrängbil m/42 KP"
1233:Coffey, Rod (2000).
1092:Marine Corps Gazette
774:Notes and references
698:anti-tank missiles.
573:asymmetric conflicts
2716:Mechanized infantry
757:Mechanized infantry
456:mechanized infantry
109:mechanized infantry
82:), also known as a
1459:on 28 January 2015
952:on 23 January 2017
682:
680:anti-tank missile.
650:on Western tanks.
562:heavy machine guns
517:
392:United States Army
376:South African Army
368:
252:
225:Terrängbil m/42 KP
221:Pansarbandvagn 302
217:Pansarbandvagn 301
159:(APC). During the
153:
102:support. The 1990
72:
60:
2758:
2757:
1372:978-1-4728-1743-3
1336:978-1-928211-17-4
1304:978-1-59884-947-9
1184:978-1-4728-1520-0
982:978-1-4728-1330-5
918:978-0-313-35430-4
883:978-0-312-36824-1
640:Soviet–Afghan War
550:main battle tanks
16:(Redirected from
2788:
2781:Armoured warfare
2751:
2742:
2733:
2541:Bison and Coyote
2469:K808 White Tiger
2216:K806 White Tiger
1525:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1396:
1377:
1376:
1358:
1341:
1340:
1322:
1309:
1308:
1290:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1230:
1189:
1188:
1170:
1105:
1104:
1086:
987:
986:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
951:
940:
932:
923:
922:
904:
895:
894:
892:
890:
867:
861:
860:
844:
808:
789:
737:Armoured warfare
693:
486:
480:
472:
337:
195:
178:
177:
165:suppressive fire
90:), is a type of
21:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2699:
2671:
2355:
2331:VBTP-MR Guarani
2132:
1779:Academi Grizzly
1570:
1539:
1531:Modern wheeled
1529:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1485:on 28 July 2012
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1449:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1397:
1380:
1373:
1359:
1344:
1337:
1323:
1312:
1305:
1291:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1231:
1192:
1185:
1171:
1108:
1087:
990:
983:
969:
965:
955:
953:
949:
938:
934:
933:
926:
919:
905:
898:
888:
886:
884:
868:
864:
845:
822:
817:
812:
811:
795:, for example,
790:
786:
781:
776:
771:
742:BMP development
717:
708:
597:
542:
509:
477:panzergrenadier
452:
408:FMC Corporation
356:
298:PKT machine gun
246:An East German
141:
136:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2794:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:Tarantula HMAV
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1673:Mahindra MPV-I
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1470:
1440:
1416:
1410:978-0198723523
1409:
1378:
1371:
1342:
1335:
1310:
1303:
1280:
1255:
1190:
1183:
1106:
988:
981:
963:
924:
917:
896:
882:
862:
819:
818:
816:
813:
810:
809:
783:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
716:
713:
707:
704:
636:Yom Kippur War
596:
593:
541:
538:
533:United Nations
508:
505:
497:Yom Kippur War
451:
448:
355:
352:
140:
139:Early Cold War
137:
135:
132:
94:used to carry
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2793:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:Alvis Saracen
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:Protolab Misu
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:VBL Gladiador
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:Shorland S600
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:Cockerill i-X
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1445:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
984:
978:
974:
967:
948:
944:
937:
931:
929:
920:
914:
910:
903:
901:
885:
879:
876:. Macmillan.
875:
874:
866:
858:
854:
850:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
820:
806:
802:
798:
794:
788:
784:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
712:
703:
699:
697:
692:
686:
679:
675:
670:
666:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
648:Chobham armor
645:
641:
637:
632:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
592:
590:
586:
583:. During the
582:
578:
574:
569:
565:
563:
559:
554:
551:
547:
537:
534:
529:
527:
523:
513:
504:
500:
498:
493:
489:
485:
479:
478:
471:
464:
462:
461:combined arms
457:
447:
445:
444:FV510 Warrior
440:
435:
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
409:
406:In 1973, the
404:
401:
396:
393:
388:
384:
380:
377:
373:
365:
360:
354:Late Cold War
351:
349:
345:
341:
336:
330:
328:
324:
320:
314:
311:
306:
303:
302:9M14 Malyutka
299:
296:, a co-axial
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
249:
244:
240:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
197:
194:
188:
186:
182:
176:
169:
166:
162:
158:
150:
145:
131:
127:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
69:
64:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2750:}}
2746:{{
2741:}}
2737:{{
2732:}}
2728:{{
2721:
2720:
2479:Lazanski BVT
2336:VBMR Griffon
2042:TAD Turangga
1814:K151 Raycolt
1799:Hunter TR-12
1684:Cheetah MMPV
1551:Armored car
1532:
1489:20 September
1487:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1431:. Retrieved
1425:
1419:
1400:
1362:
1326:
1294:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1234:
1174:
1090:
972:
966:
954:. Retrieved
947:the original
908:
887:. Retrieved
872:
865:
856:
852:
787:
709:
700:
687:
683:
652:
633:
621:
598:
570:
566:
555:
543:
530:
518:
501:
494:
490:
465:
463:operations.
453:
439:British Army
436:
432:
425:
417:Oerlikon KBA
405:
397:
389:
385:
381:
369:
338:adopted the
332:In 1971 the
331:
315:
307:
291:
282:
278:
272:
253:
237:
213:Swedish Army
210:
198:
189:
184:
179:adopted the
170:
154:
128:
113:
87:
83:
79:
75:
73:
43:
2685:GPV general
2241:Panhard VCR
2196:EE-11 Urutu
1932:Iveco Lince
1749:Dragoon 300
1273:15 November
941:. Langley:
793:Six-Day War
791:During the
779:Annotations
762:Tank desant
605:autocannons
256:Soviet Army
100:direct-fire
2765:Categories
2711:Motor pool
2627:Terrex ICV
2570:Piranha IV
2516:Panus R600
2506:OT-64 SKOT
2276:Mowag Puma
2271:Iveco Puma
2261:Pegaso BMR
2256:Patria 6Ă—6
2156:APS-3 Anoa
2073:URO VAMTAC
1937:Iveco Puma
1659:Bushmaster
1268:ointres.se
1237:(Thesis).
815:References
691:Bundeswehr
577:land mines
540:Protection
526:light tank
522:small arms
484:Bundeswehr
470:Bundeswehr
335:Bundeswehr
310:light tank
283:Obyekt 765
279:Obyekt 765
193:Bundeswehr
175:Bundeswehr
124:autocannon
66:A Russian
52:M2 Bradley
2722:Navboxes:
2575:Piranha V
2511:Pandur II
2191:Didgori-3
2078:Unibuffel
1764:First Win
1739:Didgori-2
1734:Didgori-1
1724:Crocodile
1556:Scout car
1544:Overviews
1250:ADA384122
1243:465212839
644:2A28 Grom
609:tank guns
603:carrying
289:in 1966.
206:Saurer 4K
2632:Type 07P
2444:Bumerang
2311:Tatrapan
2236:Pandur I
2221:Mbombe 6
2146:Al-Faris
2118:Wer'wolf
1942:OTT Puma
1882:Maverick
1872:Marauder
1709:Commando
1699:Cobra II
1679:Chaimite
1599:Akrep II
1463:24 March
1433:31 March
1103:: 50–60.
715:See also
706:Mobility
676:fires a
626:and the
595:Armament
585:Iraq War
450:Doctrine
348:BVP M-80
185:SPz 12-3
161:Cold War
96:infantry
2704:Related
2695:JRVG-1A
2690:Piranha
2647:Type 96
2642:Type 19
2637:Type 08
2612:SuperAV
2592:Rosomak
2565:Piranha
2553:Stryker
2548:LAV III
2494:Lazar 3
2489:Lazar 2
2474:Kestrel
2464:Freccia
2369:Al-Fahd
2316:Typhoon
2211:Grizzly
2166:BTR-152
2103:VXB-170
2057:Timoney
2017:Senator
1917:Nimer-1
1892:Mohafiz
1887:MaxxPro
1877:Matador
1804:Igirigi
1789:Grizzly
1769:Gazelle
1729:CSK-181
1669:Casspir
1664:Cashuat
1643:Unicorn
1619:Bastion
1584:ABC-79M
956:20 June
889:5 March
801:BTR-152
655:Angolan
601:turrets
400:MICV-65
344:AMX-10P
264:BTR-152
202:AMX-VCI
134:History
2667:YP-408
2657:Wisent
2622:TAB-71
2617:TAB-63
2602:Saur 1
2531:LAV-25
2526:LAV II
2459:Enigma
2439:BTR-94
2434:BTR-90
2429:BTR-80
2424:BTR-70
2419:BTR-60
2351:WZ-551
2346:WZ-523
2306:SIBMAS
2250:XA-180
2231:Otaman
2186:Cougar
2181:Caiman
2161:Avalon
2123:WZ-550
2083:Unicob
2068:UR-416
2063:TM-170
2007:Roland
1987:RG-32M
1957:Ranger
1952:Rakhsh
1912:MXT-MV
1827:Komodo
1719:Cougar
1714:Condor
1689:CM6614
1654:Burraq
1649:Bullet
1639:Buffel
1634:BTR-40
1629:BPM-97
1614:AV-VB4
1604:Aravis
1589:APR-1V
1407:
1369:
1333:
1301:
1241:
1181:
979:
915:
880:
859:: 271.
805:BTR-40
797:Syrian
674:Marder
624:Marder
558:Boragh
507:Design
340:Marder
260:BTR-50
111:unit.
58:(2004)
2677:10Ă—10
2662:Yavuz
2607:Shark
2587:RN-94
2582:RG-41
2558:LAV 6
2536:ASLAV
2484:Lazar
2454:Eitan
2449:CM-32
2414:BTR-7
2409:BTR-4
2404:BTR-3
2399:Boxer
2326:Valuk
2301:Shoet
2291:RN-94
2286:RG-35
2281:Ratel
2226:Okapi
2206:Fuchs
2201:Ejder
2176:Bulat
2151:APS-2
2113:Walid
2059:(BDX)
2032:Simba
2022:Sarir
2012:Saxon
1997:RG-34
1992:RG-33
1982:RG-32
1977:RG-31
1972:RG-19
1967:RG-12
1962:RCV-9
1867:MAP75
1862:MAP45
1857:Mamba
1852:M-ATV
1847:M1117
1837:LOV-1
1832:Kozak
1822:Kirpi
1794:Hippo
1774:Golan
1744:Dingo
1694:Cobra
1594:Akrep
950:(PDF)
939:(PDF)
696:MILAN
678:MILAN
659:Cuban
628:BMP-2
615:, or
589:Ratel
372:Ratel
364:Ratel
327:BMD-1
323:BMP-3
319:BMP-2
287:BMP-1
248:BMP-1
229:M113s
120:tanks
68:BMP-3
2652:VBCI
2521:Pars
2389:Arma
2374:ATOM
2341:VN22
2246:Pasi
2171:Bull
2128:Żubr
2108:Wolf
2098:VN-4
2047:TAPV
2037:SK-1
2002:Reva
1922:Nimr
1907:MX-8
1902:MR-8
1897:MPCV
1818:Kaya
1809:ILAV
1759:Fahd
1754:Dzik
1609:AVGP
1535:and
1491:2016
1465:2017
1435:2011
1405:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1299:ISBN
1275:2021
1247:DTIC
1239:OCLC
1179:ISBN
977:ISBN
958:2017
913:ISBN
891:2011
878:ISBN
803:and
657:and
579:and
531:The
437:The
413:M242
398:Its
362:The
346:and
254:The
233:AIFV
219:and
204:and
190:The
88:MICV
2597:RyĹ›
2501:MPC
2384:AMV
2379:AV8
2361:8Ă—8
2321:VAB
2138:6Ă—6
2088:VAB
1927:PNP
1784:GTP
1624:BOV
1576:4Ă—4
571:As
421:TOW
415:or
80:IFV
74:An
2767::
1947:P2
1842:M3
1443:^
1381:^
1345:^
1313:^
1283:^
1266:.
1245:.
1193:^
1109:^
1099::
1095:.
991:^
927:^
899:^
855:.
851:.
823:^
672:A
619:.
611:,
528:.
50:A
2252:)
2248:(
1675:)
1671:(
1645:)
1641:(
1524:e
1517:t
1510:v
1493:.
1467:.
1437:.
1413:.
1375:.
1339:.
1307:.
1277:.
1252:.
1187:.
985:.
960:.
921:.
893:.
857:4
86:(
78:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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