3000:
799:
27:
720:
Each link is duplex. Links can be aggregated: most systems use a 4 link/lane connector (QSFP). HDR often makes use of 2x links (aka HDR100, 100 Gb link using 2 lanes of HDR, while still using a QSFP connector). 8x is called for with NDR switch ports using OSFP (Octal Small Form Factor
Pluggable)
1887:
InfiniBand FDR and FDR10 Overview FDR, standard InfiniBand data rate, where each lane of a 4X port runs a bit rate of 14.0625 Gbit/s with a 64b/66b encoding, resulting in an effective bandwidth of 54.54 Gbit/s. The FDR physical layer is an IBTA specified physical layer using different
269:
kernel. By
February, 2005, the support was accepted into the 2.6.11 Linux kernel. In November 2005 storage devices finally were released using InfiniBand from vendors such as Engenio. Cisco, desiring to keep technology superior to Ethernet off the market, adopted a "buy to kill" strategy. Cisco
896:
for Linux and FreeBSD, and as
Mellanox OFED for Windows (product names: WinOF / WinOF-2; attributed as host controller driver for matching specific ConnectX 3 to 5 devices) under a choice of BSD license for Windows. It has been adopted by most of the InfiniBand vendors, for
1888:
block types, deskew mechanism and framing rules. The SX6518 switch also supports FDR10, a non-standard InfiniBand data rate, where each lane of a 4X port runs a bit rate of 10.3125 Gbit/s with a 64b/66b encoding, resulting in an effective bandwidth of 40 Gbit/s.
1855:
FDR10 is a non-standard InfiniBand data rate, where each lane of a 4X port runs a bit rate of 10.3125 Gbit/s with a 64b/66b encoding, resulting in an effective bandwidth of 40 Gbit/s. FDR10 supports 20% more bandwidth over QDR due to better encoding
1262:
InfiniBand technology is now found on 205 systems, down from 235 systems, and is now the second most-used internal system interconnect technology. Gigabit
Ethernet has risen to 218 systems up from 182 systems, in large part thanks to 176 systems now using 10G
112:. It is used for data interconnect both among and within computers. InfiniBand is also used as either a direct or switched interconnect between servers and storage systems, as well as an interconnect between storage systems. It is designed to be
289:, links running at about 56 gigabits per second (known as FDR, see below), were announced and demonstrated by connecting booths in the trade show. In 2012, Intel acquired QLogic's InfiniBand technology, leaving only one independent supplier.
750:. All transmissions begin or end at a channel adapter. Each processor contains a host channel adapter (HCA) and each peripheral has a target channel adapter (TCA). These adapters can also exchange information for security or
1539:
326:
Original names for speeds were single-data rate (SDR), double-data rate (DDR) and quad-data rate (QDR) as given below. Subsequently, other three-letter acronyms were added for even higher data rates.
238:
there was hesitation in the industry to invest in such a far-reaching technology jump. By 2002, Intel announced that instead of shipping IB integrated circuits ("chips"), it would focus on developing
1621:
277:
was the internal interconnect technology in 259 installations, compared with 181 using InfiniBand. In 2010, market leaders
Mellanox and Voltaire merged, leaving just one other IB vendor,
821:
connector system for speeds up to 120 Gbit/s over copper, active optical cables, and optical transceivers using parallel multi-mode fiber cables with 24-fiber MPO connectors.
212:. Version 1.0 of the InfiniBand Architecture Specification was released in 2000. Initially the IBTA vision for IB was simultaneously a replacement for PCI in I/O, Ethernet in the
234:
had been founded in 1999 to develop NGIO technology, but by 2001 shipped an InfiniBand product line called InfiniBridge at 10 Gbit/second speeds. Following the burst of the
876:, which are abstract representations of functions or methods that must exist. The syntax of these functions is left to the vendors. Sometimes for reference this is called the
2158:
929:
Ethernet over InfiniBand, abbreviated to EoIB, is an
Ethernet implementation over the InfiniBand protocol and connector technology. EoIB enables multiple Ethernet
1648:
196:. This led to the formation of the InfiniBand Trade Association (IBTA), which included both sets of hardware vendors as well as software vendors such as
1789:
1625:
1405:
1569:
2995:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
2006:
1305:
2440:
1595:
2968:
921:
operating system, as well as "AIX InfiniBand verbs". The Linux kernel support was integrated in 2005 into the kernel version 2.6.11.
1679:
2597:
172:
InfiniBand originated in 1999 from the merger of two competing designs: Future I/O and Next
Generation I/O (NGIO). NGIO was led by
2460:
286:
937:, usually referred to as TCP/IP, is different in some details compared to the direct InfiniBand protocol in IP over IB (IPoIB).
2267:
1279:
2648:
2319:
2131:
1813:
723:
1733:
2354:
1510:
2701:
2540:
2470:
292:
By 2014, InfiniBand was the most popular internal connection technology for supercomputers, although within two years,
2530:
865:
762:
InfiniBand transmits data in packets of up to 4 KB that are taken together to form a message. A message can be:
205:
2628:
1656:
2119:
1432:
1704:
2420:
806:
In addition to a board form factor connection, it can use both active and passive copper (up to 10 meters) and
2972:
2623:
2592:
2245:
2570:
1457:
842:
1760:
2896:
2835:
2690:
1982:
1212:
731:
3037:
2495:
2260:
1958:
1923:
1793:
1409:
1331:
1222:
846:
830:
574:
101:
2865:
2550:
1946:
1868:
1826:
1202:
261:
used InfiniBand in what was estimated to be the third largest computer in the world at the time. The
1983:"NVIDIA Announces New Switches Optimized for Trillion-Parameter GPU Computing and AI Infrastructure"
265:(later renamed OpenFabrics Alliance) was founded in 2004 to develop an open set of software for the
838:
711:
254:
2010:
1840:
1357:
3032:
3027:
3003:
2978:
2870:
2525:
934:
201:
2560:
2032:
213:
2187:
888:
and called the Open
Fabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED). It is released under two licenses
3022:
2824:
2777:
2633:
2405:
2253:
1217:
930:
770:
2820:
2673:
2555:
2230:
1484:
1197:
885:
262:
1249:
8:
2732:
2287:
2103:
2081:
807:
293:
217:
2234:
1814:
http://www.hpcadvisorycouncil.com/events/2014/swiss-workshop/presos/Day_1/1_Mellanox.pdf
145:, which are used by large computer system and database vendors in their product lines.
2276:
2220:
1227:
751:
379:
300:
200:. At the time it was thought some of the more powerful computers were approaching the
2722:
2344:
2280:
906:
881:
270:
successfully killed InfiniBand switching companies such as
Topspin via acquisition.
61:
26:
2455:
2055:
1905:
787:
479:
274:
243:
225:
177:
138:
120:
1768:
Designing Cloud and Grid
Computing Systems with InfiniBand and High-Speed Ethernet
2585:
2435:
2415:
2290:
818:
743:
384:
193:
117:
109:
123:. Between 2014 and June 2016, it was the most commonly used interconnect in the
2886:
2580:
2505:
2430:
2334:
2309:
1737:
235:
142:
3016:
2958:
2845:
2737:
2685:
2668:
2450:
2349:
2339:
2314:
2275:
282:
258:
221:
153:
87:
242:, and Microsoft discontinued IB development in favor of extending Ethernet.
2695:
2638:
2490:
2395:
2963:
2942:
2860:
2705:
2643:
2618:
2545:
2329:
2324:
933:
varying on the InfiniBand (IB) version. Ethernet's implementation of the
893:
310:
acquired Mellanox, the last independent supplier of InfiniBand products.
239:
113:
2782:
1382:
2816:
2304:
1869:"324-Port InfiniBand FDR SwitchX® Switch Platform Hardware User Manual"
854:
346:
105:
303:(an investor in Mellanox) might engineer its own InfiniBand hardware.
2840:
2830:
2797:
2792:
2727:
2602:
2390:
2375:
2370:
780:
197:
157:
2104:"Implementing InfiniBand on IBM System p (IBM Redbook SG24-7351-00)"
2850:
2787:
2520:
2380:
747:
231:
149:
130:
2225:
1947:
https://www.mellanox.com/files/doc-2020/pb-connectx-6-vpi-card.pdf
318:
Specifications are published by the InfiniBand trade association.
2983:
2937:
2921:
2747:
2565:
2510:
2445:
2400:
1736:. InfiniBand Trade Association. November 11, 2021. Archived from
902:
834:
798:
247:
1680:"Intel Snaps Up InfiniBand Technology, Product Line from QLogic"
73:
2916:
2807:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2575:
2465:
2425:
2385:
2240:
307:
278:
185:
134:
124:
83:
2901:
2812:
471:
2911:
2802:
2742:
2680:
2653:
2535:
2485:
2410:
2217:
Dissecting a Small InfiniBand Application Using the Verbs API
1207:
898:
850:
266:
209:
173:
1306:"Intel Introduces Next Generation I/O for Computing Servers"
2906:
2891:
2752:
2663:
2658:
2500:
889:
811:
224:. IBTA also envisaged decomposing server hardware on an IB
181:
100:) is a computer networking communications standard used in
1622:"Largest InfiniBand vendors merge; eye converged networks"
2855:
2480:
2475:
1790:"InfiniBand Roadmap: IBTA - InfiniBand Trade Association"
918:
910:
858:
189:
1277:
176:, with a specification released in 1998, and joined by
868:(API). The standard only lists a set of verbs such as
2053:
148:
As a computer cluster interconnect, IB competes with
776:
a transaction-based operation (that can be reversed)
1596:"Two rival supercomputers duke it out for top spot"
1511:"OpenIB Alliance Achieves Acceptance By Kernel.org"
1482:
1280:"Oracle Engineers Its Own InfiniBand Interconnects"
829:Mellanox operating system support is available for
1752:
1770:. Newport Beach, CA, USA: CCGrid 2011. p. 23
1758:
1728:
1726:
1406:"Brief History of InfiniBand: Hype to Pragmatism"
3014:
1649:"Mellanox Demos Souped-Up Version of InfiniBand"
1358:"An Introduction to the InfiniBand Architecture"
2598:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
1677:
1537:
1508:
1723:
1705:"Nvidia to Acquire Mellanox for $ 6.9 Billion"
1646:
1570:"What Cisco-Topspin deal means for InfiniBand"
817:The InfiniBand Association also specified the
802:InfiniBand switch with CX4/SFF-8470 connectors
82:"IBTA" redirects here. It could also refer to
2261:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1332:"Warring NGIO and Future I/O groups to merge"
1278:Timothy Prickett Morgan (February 23, 2016).
1761:"Network Speed Acceleration with IB and HSE"
1759:Panda, Dhabaleswar K.; Sayantan Sur (2011).
1430:
1303:
746:topology, as opposed to early shared medium
2156:
2120:Mellanox OFED for Windows - WinOF / WinOF-2
1906:"InfiniBand Roadmap - Advancing InfiniBand"
1533:
1531:
1458:"Virginia Tech Builds 10 TeraFlop Computer"
924:
793:
766:a remote direct memory access read or write
2268:
2254:
2056:"FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual, mlx5en"
1893:
734:(RDMA) capabilities for low CPU overhead.
634:
536:
506:
2224:
2054:Mellanox Technologies (3 December 2015).
1485:"Linux Kernel 2.6.11 Supports InfiniBand"
1483:Sean Michael Kerner (February 24, 2005).
1349:
1329:
1528:
1273:
1271:
797:
667:
411:
371:
1782:
1433:"Sun confirms commitment to InfiniBand"
1375:
672:
287:International Supercomputing Conference
273:Of the top 500 supercomputers in 2009,
3015:
1593:
1540:"Is InfiniBand poised for a comeback?"
1355:
1244:
1242:
824:
601:
566:
441:
2249:
2241:InfiniBand Trade Association web site
1594:Lawson, Stephen (November 16, 2009).
1268:
941:Ethernet over InfiniBand performance
339:
330:InfiniBand unidirectional data rates
2214:
1678:Michael Feldman (January 23, 2012).
1538:Ann Silverthorn (January 12, 2006),
1509:OpenIB Alliance (January 21, 2005).
1142:60 × GbE to 1 × 50 GbE + 1 × 10 GbE
913:refers to a software library called
864:InfiniBand has no specific standard
160:. The technology is promoted by the
1999:
1239:
13:
1567:
1397:
1304:Scott Bekker (November 11, 1998).
14:
3049:
2208:
1619:
1431:Computerwire (December 2, 2002).
866:application programming interface
724:"Cable and Connector Definitions"
2999:
2998:
1647:Mikael Ricknäs (June 20, 2011).
671:
313:
25:
2180:
2150:
2124:
2113:
2096:
2074:
2047:
2025:
1975:
1951:
1940:
1916:
1861:
1833:
1819:
1807:
1697:
1671:
1640:
1613:
1587:
1561:
1502:
1476:
1403:
704:
208:bus, in spite of upgrades like
2157:Dotan Barak (March 11, 2014).
1450:
1424:
1323:
1297:
321:
299:In 2016, it was reported that
1:
2593:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
2188:"10 Advantages of InfiniBand"
2082:"InfiniBand Cards - Overview"
1827:"InfiniBand Types and Speeds"
1330:Will Wade (August 31, 1999).
1233:
1048:30 × GbE to 1 × 25 GbE + 1 ×
958:Compatible Ethernet quantity
2571:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
2561:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
2159:"Verbs programming tutorial"
1910:InfiniBand Trade Association
843:SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
184:. Future I/O was backed by
162:InfiniBand Trade Association
20:InfiniBand Trade Association
7:
2033:"Mellanox OFED for FreeBSD"
1734:"FDR InfiniBand Fact Sheet"
1213:List of interface bit rates
1191:
955:Compatible Ethernet type(s)
757:
737:
732:remote direct memory access
10:
3054:
2556:Compute Express Link (CXL)
1223:Parallel optical interface
167:
137:) manufactures InfiniBand
102:high-performance computing
81:
2992:
2951:
2930:
2879:
2793:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
2715:
2708:logical device interface)
2611:
2363:
2297:
2136:IBM AIX 7.1 documentation
1878:. 2018-04-29. section 1.2
1203:iSCSI Extensions for RDMA
1146:
1056:
962:
884:software is developed by
662:
643:
641:
573:
478:
383:
378:
351:
345:
342:
336:
334:
250:continued to support IB.
68:
57:
49:
41:
33:
24:
1408:. Oracle. Archived from
925:Ethernet over InfiniBand
839:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
794:Physical interconnection
712:forward error correction
343:Signaling rate (Gbit/s)
127:list of supercomputers.
104:that features very high
1385:. Mellanox Technologies
1310:Redmond Channel Partner
1252:. Top500.Org. June 2016
1250:"Highlights– June 2016"
1185:40 × GbE to 1 × 40 GbE
1165:10 × GbE to 1 × 10 GbE
1122:40 × GbE to 1 × 40 GbE
1102:20 × GbE to 2 × 10 GbE
1028:20 × GbE to 2 × 10 GbE
1008:10 × GbE to 1 × 10 GbE
935:Internet Protocol Suite
296:started displacing it.
257:supercomputer built at
202:interconnect bottleneck
2355:List of bus bandwidths
2215:Kerr, Gregory (2011),
1356:Pentakalos, Odysseas.
803:
2009:. ITA. Archived from
1218:Optical communication
814:connectors are used.
810:(up to 10 km).
801:
352:Adapter latency (μs)
285:vendor. At the 2011
2798:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
2536:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
1198:100 Gigabit Ethernet
886:OpenFabrics Alliance
730:InfiniBand provides
53:Promoting InfiniBand
45:Industry trade group
2639:Parallel ATA (PATA)
2235:2011arXiv1105.1827K
2013:on 24 November 2016
2007:"Specification FAQ"
1464:. November 30, 2003
942:
825:Software interfaces
808:optical fiber cable
710:Using Reed-Solomon
331:
294:10 Gigabit Ethernet
21:
2546:PCI Express (PCIe)
1740:on August 26, 2016
1228:SCSI RDMA Protocol
952:Bandwidth (Gbit/s)
940:
804:
752:quality of service
742:InfiniBand uses a
329:
301:Oracle Corporation
19:
3038:Computer networks
3010:
3009:
2996:
2723:Apple Desktop Bus
2700:PCI Express (via
2659:Serial ATA (SATA)
2345:Network on a chip
2060:FreeBSD Man Pages
1284:The Next Platform
1189:
1188:
907:Microsoft Windows
882:de facto standard
695:
694:
220:interconnect and
139:host bus adapters
80:
79:
62:Beaverton, Oregon
3045:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2456:HP Precision Bus
2270:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2163:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2128:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1902:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1792:. Archived from
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1765:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1711:. March 11, 2019
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1659:on April 6, 2012
1655:. Archived from
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1624:. Archived from
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1412:on 8 August 2014
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1178:
1172:
1158:
1152:
1135:
1129:
1115:
1109:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1051:
1041:
1035:
1021:
1015:
1001:
995:
987:
983:
974:
968:
943:
939:
916:
875:
871:
788:atomic operation
727:
714:
708:
674:
669:
636:
603:
568:
538:
508:
473:
443:
413:
373:
332:
328:
275:Gigabit Ethernet
244:Sun Microsystems
178:Sun Microsystems
143:network switches
121:network topology
76:
74:infinibandta.org
29:
22:
18:
16:Network standard
3053:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2947:
2926:
2875:
2788:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
2711:
2607:
2586:Infinity Fabric
2416:Europe Card Bus
2359:
2293:
2274:
2211:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1987:NVIDIA Newsroom
1981:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1904:
1903:
1894:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1849:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1536:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1276:
1269:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1236:
1194:
1176:
1170:
1156:
1150:
1133:
1127:
1113:
1107:
1093:
1087:
1079:
1078:5 × GbE to 1 ×
1075:
1066:
1060:
1049:
1039:
1033:
1019:
1013:
999:
993:
985:
984:2 × GbE to 1 ×
981:
972:
966:
927:
914:
873:
870:ibv_open_device
869:
827:
796:
773:send or receive
760:
744:switched fabric
740:
722:
718:
717:
709:
705:
324:
316:
263:OpenIB Alliance
194:Hewlett-Packard
170:
118:switched fabric
91:
72:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3051:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3033:Supercomputing
3030:
3028:Computer buses
3025:
3008:
3007:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2897:Intel HD Audio
2894:
2889:
2887:ADAT Lightpipe
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2581:HyperTransport
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2335:Bus contention
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2310:Front-side bus
2307:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2291:computer buses
2273:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2210:
2209:External links
2207:
2205:
2204:
2179:
2166:OpenSHEM, 2014
2149:
2123:
2112:
2095:
2073:
2046:
2024:
1998:
1974:
1959:"Introduction"
1950:
1939:
1924:"Introduction"
1915:
1892:
1860:
1832:
1818:
1806:
1781:
1751:
1722:
1696:
1670:
1639:
1628:on 1 July 2017
1612:
1586:
1568:Connor, Deni.
1560:
1527:
1501:
1475:
1449:
1423:
1396:
1374:
1348:
1322:
1296:
1267:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
997:
990:
989:
979:
978:GbE to 2.5 GbE
976:
970:
964:
960:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
926:
923:
826:
823:
795:
792:
791:
790:
784:
777:
774:
767:
759:
756:
739:
736:
716:
715:
702:
701:
700:
699:
693:
692:
689:
686:
681:
678:
675:
670:
664:
663:
661:
658:
655:
650:
647:
644:
642:
640:
637:
631:
630:
627:
624:
621:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
598:
597:
594:
591:
588:
583:
580:
577:
572:
569:
563:
562:
559:
556:
553:
548:
545:
542:
539:
533:
532:
529:
526:
523:
518:
515:
512:
509:
503:
502:
499:
496:
493:
488:
485:
482:
477:
474:
468:
467:
464:
461:
458:
453:
450:
447:
444:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
423:
420:
417:
414:
408:
407:
404:
401:
398:
393:
390:
387:
382:
377:
374:
368:
367:
364:
361:
358:
354:
353:
350:
344:
341:
338:
335:
323:
320:
315:
312:
281:, primarily a
236:dot-com bubble
169:
166:
78:
77:
70:
66:
65:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3050:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3005:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Multidrop bus
2957:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:External PCIe
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Parallel SCSI
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Commodore bus
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:Fibre Channel
2684:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:Plug and play
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:Bus mastering
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:Back-side bus
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2172:September 26,
2167:
2160:
2153:
2142:September 26,
2137:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2116:
2105:
2099:
2083:
2077:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2034:
2028:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1943:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1828:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1796:on 2011-09-29
1795:
1791:
1785:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1744:September 30,
1739:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1715:September 26,
1710:
1709:Press release
1706:
1700:
1689:September 29,
1685:
1681:
1674:
1663:September 30,
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1627:
1623:
1620:Raffo, Dave.
1616:
1605:September 29,
1601:
1600:Computerworld
1597:
1590:
1575:
1574:Network World
1571:
1564:
1554:September 28,
1549:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1532:
1520:September 28,
1516:
1515:Press release
1512:
1505:
1494:September 28,
1490:
1489:Internet News
1486:
1479:
1468:September 28,
1463:
1462:R&D World
1459:
1453:
1442:September 26,
1438:
1434:
1427:
1416:September 28,
1411:
1407:
1400:
1389:September 26,
1384:
1378:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1341:September 26,
1337:
1333:
1326:
1315:September 28,
1311:
1307:
1300:
1289:September 26,
1285:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1256:September 26,
1251:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1184:
1182:GbE to 40 GbE
1181:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:GbE to 10 GbE
1161:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1139:GbE to 50 GbE
1138:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1119:GbE to 40 GbE
1118:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:GbE to 10 GbE
1098:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1045:GbE to 25 GbE
1044:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:GbE to 10 GbE
1024:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:GbE to 10 GbE
1004:
998:
992:
991:
980:
977:
971:
965:
961:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
944:
938:
936:
932:
922:
920:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:ibv_post_send
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
822:
820:
815:
813:
809:
800:
789:
785:
782:
778:
775:
772:
768:
765:
764:
763:
755:
753:
749:
745:
735:
733:
728:
725:
713:
707:
703:
697:
696:
690:
687:
685:
682:
679:
676:
666:
665:
659:
656:
654:
651:
648:
645:
638:
633:
632:
628:
625:
622:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
600:
599:
595:
592:
589:
587:
584:
581:
578:
576:
570:
565:
564:
560:
557:
554:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
535:
534:
530:
527:
524:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
505:
504:
500:
497:
494:
492:
489:
486:
483:
481:
475:
470:
469:
465:
462:
459:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
440:
439:
435:
432:
429:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
410:
409:
405:
402:
399:
397:
394:
391:
388:
386:
381:
375:
370:
369:
365:
362:
359:
356:
355:
348:
333:
327:
319:
314:Specification
311:
309:
304:
302:
297:
295:
290:
288:
284:
283:Fibre Channel
280:
276:
271:
268:
264:
260:
259:Virginia Tech
256:
253:In 2003, the
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
227:
223:
222:Fibre Channel
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
165:
163:
159:
155:
154:Fibre Channel
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
133:(acquired by
132:
128:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
108:and very low
107:
103:
99:
95:
89:
88:ticker symbol
85:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
3023:Serial buses
2515:
2491:TURBOchannel
2281:
2216:
2195:. Retrieved
2191:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2165:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2135:
2126:
2115:
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2076:
2066:19 September
2064:. Retrieved
2059:
2049:
2039:19 September
2037:. Retrieved
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:the original
2001:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:
1953:
1942:
1931:. Retrieved
1927:
1918:
1909:
1886:
1880:. Retrieved
1875:
1863:
1854:
1848:. Retrieved
1844:
1841:"Interfaces"
1835:
1821:
1809:
1798:. Retrieved
1794:the original
1784:
1774:13 September
1772:. Retrieved
1767:
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1738:the original
1713:. Retrieved
1708:
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1683:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1657:the original
1652:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:
1563:
1552:, retrieved
1547:
1543:
1518:. Retrieved
1514:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1437:The Register
1436:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1410:the original
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1309:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:
1261:
1254:. Retrieved
1072:GbE to 5 GbE
928:
877:
863:
828:
816:
805:
783:transmission
761:
741:
729:
719:
706:
683:
652:
618:
585:
550:
520:
490:
455:
425:
395:
325:
317:
305:
298:
291:
272:
252:
230:
214:machine room
171:
161:
156:, and Intel
147:
129:
97:
93:
92:
58:Headquarters
2964:CoreConnect
2943:ExpressCard
2871:Thunderbolt
2861:Camera Link
2644:Bus and Tag
2330:Address bus
2325:Control bus
2320:Daisy chain
2197:January 28,
2132:"Verbs API"
1963:NVIDIA Docs
1928:NVIDIA Docs
1845:NVIDIA Docs
1816:// Mellanox
1263:interfaces.
894:BSD license
721:connectors
376:2001, 2003
322:Performance
240:PCI Express
116:and uses a
3017:Categories
2817:ACCESS.bus
2716:Peripheral
2516:InfiniBand
2511:HP GSC bus
2305:System bus
2168:. Mellanox
2084:. Mellanox
2035:. Mellanox
1992:2024-03-19
1968:2023-11-12
1933:2023-11-12
1882:2023-11-12
1850:2023-11-12
1800:2009-10-27
1404:Kim, Ted.
1383:"Timeline"
1234:References
931:bandwidths
917:, for its
915:libibverbs
855:VMware ESX
609:256b/257b
347:Throughput
340:Line code
106:throughput
94:InfiniBand
2778:Lightning
2728:Atari SIO
2603:SpaceWire
2436:Zorro III
2376:S-100 bus
2371:SS-50 bus
2364:Standards
2284:standards
2277:Technical
2226:1105.1827
2062:. FreeBSD
880:API. The
781:multicast
544:25.78125
349:(Gbit/s)
198:Microsoft
158:Omni-Path
34:Formation
3004:Category
2979:Wishbone
2952:Embedded
2931:Portable
2851:Profibus
2783:DMX512-A
2669:Parallel
2521:Ethernet
2431:Zorro II
2381:Multibus
2282:de facto
1544:Infostor
1362:O'Reilly
1336:EE Times
1192:See also
988:2.5 GbE
845:(SLES),
758:Messages
748:Ethernet
738:Topology
596:<0.6
514:14.0625
484:10.3125
306:In 2019
255:System X
232:Mellanox
150:Ethernet
131:Mellanox
114:scalable
2984:SLIMbus
2938:PC Card
2922:TOSLINK
2612:Storage
2566:RapidIO
2446:FASTBUS
2401:STD Bus
2298:General
2231:Bibcode
2088:30 July
2017:30 July
1684:HPCwire
1632:29 July
1579:19 June
1367:28 July
903:FreeBSD
847:Windows
835:FreeBSD
831:Solaris
771:channel
754:(QoS).
612:106.25
579:53.125
528:163.64
525:109.08
480:64b/66b
248:Hitachi
218:cluster
204:of the
168:History
110:latency
69:Website
50:Purpose
2917:S/PDIF
2808:1-Wire
2773:RS-485
2768:RS-423
2763:RS-422
2758:RS-232
2619:ST-506
2576:NVLink
2426:STEbus
2386:Unibus
2192:NADDOD
2138:. 2020
1876:nVidia
1082:5 GbE
1052:5 GbE
905:, and
857:, and
517:13.64
385:8b/10b
308:Nvidia
279:QLogic
226:fabric
192:, and
186:Compaq
135:Nvidia
125:TOP500
84:Ibotta
64:, U.S.
2912:McASP
2880:Audio
2825:SMBus
2821:PMBus
2803:UNI/O
2743:HP-IL
2696:SATAe
2681:ESCON
2654:HIPPI
2486:NuBus
2441:CAMAC
2411:Q-Bus
2406:SMBus
2391:VAXBI
2288:wired
2221:arXiv
2162:(PDF)
2107:(PDF)
1872:(PDF)
1856:rate.
1764:(PDF)
1208:iWARP
949:Lanes
899:Linux
878:verbs
851:HP-UX
698:Notes
691:4800
688:3200
660:2400
657:1600
639:2024
626:1200
606:2022
571:2018
541:2014
521:54.54
511:2011
476:2011
472:FDR10
446:2007
416:2005
337:Year
267:Linux
210:PCI-X
174:Intel
2969:AMBA
2907:MADI
2892:AES3
2753:MIDI
2706:NVMe
2702:AHCI
2664:SCSI
2649:DSSI
2624:ESDI
2501:SBus
2461:EISA
2396:MBus
2286:for
2279:and
2199:2023
2174:2021
2144:2021
2090:2014
2068:2018
2041:2018
2019:2014
1776:2014
1746:2021
1717:2021
1691:2021
1665:2021
1634:2014
1607:2021
1581:2024
1556:2021
1522:2021
1496:2021
1470:2021
1444:2021
1418:2021
1391:2021
1369:2014
1343:2021
1317:2021
1291:2021
1258:2021
1147:QDR
1057:DDR
963:SDR
946:Type
890:GPL2
812:QSFP
684:1600
680:400
677:400
649:200
646:200
623:800
615:100
593:600
590:400
575:PAM4
561:0.5
558:300
555:200
531:0.7
501:0.7
498:120
466:1.3
436:2.5
389:2.5
366:12x
246:and
182:Dell
180:and
141:and
42:Type
37:1999
2973:AXI
2902:I²S
2856:USB
2841:D²B
2836:SPI
2831:I3C
2813:I²C
2748:HIL
2733:DCB
2704:or
2691:SSA
2674:SAS
2634:SMD
2629:IPI
2551:AGP
2541:PXI
2531:PCI
2526:UPA
2506:VLB
2496:MCA
2481:VPX
2476:VXS
2471:VXI
2466:VME
2451:LPC
2421:ISA
1653:CIO
1550:(2)
1067:000
975:2.5
973:000
919:AIX
911:IBM
892:or
872:or
859:AIX
819:CXP
786:an
673:TBA
668:GDR
653:800
635:XDR
619:400
602:NDR
586:200
582:50
567:HDR
551:100
547:25
537:EDR
507:FDR
495:80
487:10
463:96
460:64
449:10
442:QDR
433:48
430:32
412:DDR
403:24
400:16
380:NRZ
372:SDR
363:8x
360:4x
357:1x
206:PCI
190:IBM
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