Infomercial - Knowledge

251: 155:); they generally feature between two and four internal commercials of 30 to 120 seconds which invite the viewer to call or take other direct action. Many viewers respond with a delayed response, by purchases made at retail outlets. These retail purchases are often the largest response. Using "not sold in stores" is a choice by advertisers who dislike sharing profit with retailers, or who lack the immense resources needed to get into retail channels. In the latter case, direct sales enables later retail distribution. Standalone shorter commercials, 30 to 120 seconds in length with a 1237:

Aspects of advertising content also influenced whether the purchase decision was impulsive or planned. Martin, Bhimy and Agee (2002) studied the use of advertising content such as the use of testimonials and customer characteristics. Based on a survey of 878 people who had bought products after viewing infomercials, they found that infomercials were more effective if they used expert comments, testimonials, product demonstrations, and other approaches. Customer age and product type also influenced perceived effectiveness.

285:(FCC) on the amount of advertising that could appear during an hour of television did away with these programs, forcing sponsors into the background; however, a few infomercials, mainly those for greatest hits record sets (which could get around the restrictions by devoting much of the airtime to snippets of the songs on the records, which did not count as advertising) and Shop Smith power tools, did exist during the period when commercial time was restricted. 70:, while other channels air infomercials 24 hours a day. Some stations also choose to air infomercials during the daytime hours, mostly on weekends, to fill in for unscheduled network or syndicated programming. By 2009, most infomercial spending in the U.S. occurred outside of the traditional overnight hours. Stations in most countries around the world have instituted similar media structures. The infomercial industry is worth over $ 200 billion. 1141: 1017: 537:(which fully replaced the direct-response variety of infomercials on the channel in 1997). The vast majority of religious programming in the United States is distributed through paid infomercial time; the fees that televangelists pay for coverage on most religious stations are a major revenue stream for those stations, in addition to programming the networks produce themselves. 676:(FTC) requires that any infomercial 15 minutes or longer must disclose to viewers that it is a paid advertisement. An infomercial is required to be "clearly and conspicuously" marked as a "paid advertisement for , sponsored by " at the beginning ("following program") and end ("preceding program") of the advertisement and before ordering instructions are displayed. 699:

try to minimize the impact of these rule changes. FTC enforcement has focused on testimonials for publishing "non-typical" and "completely fabricated" customer testimonials used within infomercials. In 2006, the first third-party testimonial verification company was launched, and it now independently pre-validates many testimonials.

1077:. Some programs had one or more 120-second pods, but these programs were all paid programming. These programs can be considered infomercials, albeit not exactly meeting the letter of the definition. As with the early model, advertorial hosts are precluded from newsroom involvement, often to the point of having no 1070:

infomercials: response was in-store, although the expert's phone number might be included. The format enabled presenting details beyond those possible in a traditional 30-second pre-recorded ad. To preclude conflict of interest, the program host was not associated in any way with the station's newsroom.

1208:

minutes or 58 minutes and 30 seconds). Infomercials have spread to other countries from the U.S. However, the term "infomercial" needs to be defined more universally to discuss use in all countries. In general, worldwide use of the term refers to a television commercial (paid programming) that offers

1236:

Research has been conducted on the general public's perceptions of infomercials. It was found that "With infomercials, you don't buy eyeballs, you buy responsiveness." Agee and Martin (2001) found that infomercial purchases involved some degree of planning rather than being purely impulse purchases.

642:

Some local stations utilize Saturday morning slots to air local paid programming that typically sells used cars or real estate, and in other ways rejected infomercials, which were disdained by viewers and Fox affiliates alike: revenue was not shared with affiliates, and no local time for commercials

698:

Considerable FTC scrutiny is also given to results claims and testimonials. Rules controlling endorsements are periodically enhanced to increase customer protection and fill loopholes. Industry organizations such as the Electronic Retailing Association, which represents infomercial marketers, often

1216:

Many products which started in the United States have been taken into international distribution on television. In addition, each country has local entrepreneurs and marketers using the medium for local businesses. What may be called infomercials are most commonly found in North and South America,

580:

that lasted from 2007 to 2010, many struggling individual television stations began to devote more of their programming schedules to infomercials, thereby reducing syndication contracts for regular programming. Some stations found that the revenue from infomercial-time sales were higher than those

79:

While the term "infomercial" was originally applied only to television advertising, it is now sometimes used to refer to any presentation (often on video) which presents a significant amount of information in an actual, or perceived, attempt to promote a point of view. When used this way, the term

1126:

There is also a well-developed network of suppliers to the infomercial industry. These suppliers generally choose to focus on either traditional infomercials (hard sell approaches) or on using infomercials as advertising/sales channels for brand companies (branded approaches). In the traditional

207:

and Thermos-Grill2Go) have used infomercials for their ability to communicate more complicated and in-depth product stories. This practice started in the early 1990s and has increased since. Such advertisers generally eschew the less reputable trappings of the traditional infomercial business in

1212:

There are few structures that apply everywhere in the international infomercial business. The regulatory environment in each country as well as that country's television traditions have led to variations in format, lengths, and rules for long form commercials and television commercials selling

376:

When they first appeared, infomercials were most often scheduled in the United States and Canada during late-night/early morning hours. As stations have found value in airing them at other times, a large portion of infomercial spending occurs in the early morning, daytime, early prime and even

609:

listings. Previously all infomercials were listed under the title "Paid Programming" (except for exceptions listed below), but now infomercial producers are allowed to submit a title and limited descriptive synopsis (though phone numbers or website addresses remain disallowed) to the listings

1002:

regulations for broadcasters to carry commercials during children's programs for products related to the program currently airing (which classifies the entire program as being a "program-length commercial"), or containing recognizable elements, such as characters, from the current program

1069:

From the 1970s to early 1990s, locally produced morning and daytime programs designed mainly for a stay-at-home female audience featured light talk, followed by presentations of various products and services offerings of local businesses. A guest expert was often included. These were not

948:(with Spanish subtitles)) to present a "closing argument" to his campaign. The combination of these networks reportedly drew a peak audience of over 33 million viewers of the half-hour program, making it the single most watched infomercial broadcast in the history of U.S. television. 850:

In the United States, the strategy of buying prime-time programming slots on major networks has been utilized by political candidates for both presidential and state office to present infomercial-like programs to sell a candidate's merits to the public. Fringe presidential candidate

340:

One relatively early question was whether or not infomercials should feature celebrities. Although "how much will it cost" was part of the equation, so was a "highly demonstrable item with obvious features and benefits." Even when experts are used for their endorsement value, a

1105:) source the products, pay to develop the infomercials, pay for the media, and are responsible for all sales of the product. Sometimes, they sell products they source from inventors. Telebrands's process of bringing a product to the air and to market was seen in the 2009 1220:

In many countries, the infrastructure of direct response television distributors, telemarketing companies and product fulfillment companies (shipping, customer service) are more difficult and these missing pieces have limited the spread of the infomercial. Canadian

1127:

business, services are usually supplied by infomercial producers or by media buying companies. In the brand infomercial business, services are often provided by full service agencies who deliver strategy, creative, production, media, and campaign services.

300:

market – ran a one-hour English-language program on Sundays showcasing San Diego-area homes for sale. As a non-USA station, the FCC's maximum number of commercial minutes per hour did not apply to XETV. It was also during the 1970s that the

404:, which airs only two hours of infomercials nightly during the business week, sometimes airs nearly 30 hours of infomercials on weekends; from the September–October 2008 financial crisis to early 2017, CNBC had inserted a "paid programming" 694:

in a corner of the screen during infomercials, particularly for financial products, is to avoid an exploitation of an "as seen on" claim of endorsement. Some, particularly smaller networks, only use a limited number of trusted advertisers.

193:, videos of numerous genres, real estate investment strategies, beauty supplies, baldness remedies, sexual-enhancement supplements, weight-loss programs and products, personal fitness devices, home exercise machines and adult chat lines. 995: 228:

During the early days of television, many television shows were specifically created by sponsors with the main goal of selling their product, the entertainment angle being a hook to hold audience's attention (this is how

1193:

The infomercial industry was started in the United States and that has led to the specific definitions of infomercials as direct response television commercials of specific lengths (30, 60 or 120 seconds; five minutes;

581:

possible through traditional television advertising and syndication sales options. However, the reduced ratings from airing infomercials can have a chain reaction and harm ratings for other programming on the station.

415:

When a conventional prime-time two-minute advertising pod has no ads, the networks will run a two-minute mini-infomercial at a much lower rate, charging "as little as 5 percent of what a general advertiser would" pay.

325:

Infomercials proliferated in the United States after 1984 when the Federal Communications Commission eliminated regulations that were established in the 1950s and 1960s to govern the commercial content of television.

2381:"Critics Turn Up the Heat Over Frugal Gourmet's Style, Endorsements : Cooking: TV host Jeff Smith lambasted by food aficionados who say recipes aren't his--and aren't affordable. The popular author bites back" 435:

television series reruns and movies, which were formerly staples during the more common hours infomercials are broadcast (such as the overnight hours). Infomercials were previously a near-permanent staple of

2320: 568:

was quietly discontinued at the start of the 2016–17 television season as the company's install base had mostly transitioned to broadband and newer TiVo devices no longer included a dialup option.

1213:

directly to customers. For example, in the early 1990s long form paid programming in Canada was required to consist only of photographs without moving video (this restriction no longer exists).

440:'s daytime and overnight schedules, but the channel now only carries infomercials in the traditional 3:00-8:00 a.m ET/PT timeslot emulated by most cable networks. Multichannel providers such as 196:

Uses for infomercials in the early 1990s included offering free trials of personal care products such as enhanced plaque removers; an 800-number was used to collect basic marketing information.

38:

that resembles regular TV programming yet is intended to promote or sell a product, service or idea. It generally includes a toll-free telephone number or website. Most often used as a form of

491:. Until 2009, the UK permitted neither paid infomercials nor teleshopping on broadcast television. However, in 2009, Ofcom allowed up to three hours of infomercials per day on any channel. 825:(a parody infomercial which begins as one for the fictitious supplement Icelandic UltraBlue, but seamlessly segues into segments promoting other loosely related products and businesses), 54:

in Europe). This phenomenon started in the United States, where infomercials were typically shown overnight and early morning (usually 1:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m.), outside peak

686:: study the product and the claims before making a purchase. Many stations and networks normally run their own disclaimers before, during and/or after infomercials. Some mention the 819:" to provide a false impression that legitimate paid programming had been scheduled in that time slot. Some of these shorts have parodied the cliches of real infomercials, such as 479:, who invented real-time transaction processing from a domestic television and subsequently installed many systems throughout the UK in the 1980s. This would now be referred to as 2716: 560:

without the need to interfere with a subscriber's internet bandwidth (or lack thereof if they solely used the machine's dialup connection for updating). The program was listed as

208:

order to create communication they believe creates a better image of their products, brands and customers. Apple's use of the infomercial medium was immediately discontinued with

522:

buy television time from infomercial brokers representing television stations around the U.S., and even some widely distributed cable networks that are not averse to carrying

2347: 2049: 1455: 2109: 2079: 1652: 498:, is allocated free of charge to political parties according to a formula approved by Parliament, and is available only on broadcast television and radio channels. The 2229: 250: 1562: 181:

The products frequently marketed through infomercials at the national level include cleaning products, appliances, food-preparation devices, dietary supplements,

3019: 332:, nicknamed the "infomercial godfather", had his first infomercial air in 1985. By 1994, an estimated 91% of all stations had or were airing infomercials. 2324: 76:-based National Infomercial Marketing Association was formed in late 1990; by 1993 "it had more than 200" members committed to standards "with teeth". 2215:"Fox News .. said .. had set aside inventory for 'make-goods' which it did not need to fulfill, and was turning to some direct-response advertisers" 1804: 1792:

Revision of Programming and Commercialization, Policies, Ascertainment Requirements, and Program Log Requirements for Commercial Television Stations

1245:

Early research found that selecting the best time of day requires avoiding prime time, when "there's too much competition for viewers' attention."

461: 80:

may be meant to carry an implication that the party making the communication or political speech is exaggerating truths or hiding important facts.

2631: 4128: 2748: 1725: 951:

Aside from blocking viewer choice, reception was not all positive: an NBC reviewer referred to Obama as having a "thin resume". Obama opponent

2869: 833: 431:

A comparison of television listings from 2007 with 1987 verifies that many North American broadcasters began to air infomercials in lieu of

3106: 1389: 998:

set limits on the amount of commercials that could be aired during a television programming targeting children, and made it a violation of

2706: 487:

was launched as the first UK shopping channel. Shortly afterwards, infomercials began on satellite television, and they became known as

468:. Advertising rules are written and maintained by the Committees of Advertising Practice (CAP), working closely with the ASA and Ofcom. 397: 1831: 1713: 2230:"06/18/14: Fox to launch STEM-focused kids block; Jim Davis Q&A; return of The Powerpuff Girls; Saban launches Emojiville brand" 2163: 3401: 1506: 909: 2344: 702:

Since the 1990s, federal and state customer protection agencies have criticized several prominent infomercial pitchmen, including

2639: 2057: 971:, animated children's programming in the 1980s and early 1990s, which included half-hour animated series for franchises such as 4143: 2894:

Rostron, Allen (1996). "Return to Hot Wheels: The FCC, Program-Length Commercials, and the Children's Television Act of 1990".

2545: 2252: 2117: 2087: 1649: 973: 626: 864: 2415: 2308: 475:

stations from launch in 1955. While very popular, admags were banned in 1963. The word "teleshopping" was coined in 1979 by

2670: 622:

became the first major broadcast network to carry a regularly scheduled block of paid programming when it discontinued its

356:"s based on the premise that one could quickly become wealthy by either selling anything through classified ads or through 1668: 215:

Automobile dealerships, attorneys and jewelers are among the types of businesses that air infomercials on a local level.

2520: 1528: 2284: 1566: 556:

on early Wednesday mornings to record interactive and video content to be presented to subscribers in a form of linear

1624: 233:

got their name; such shows were sponsored by soap manufacturers). A good example of this is the early children's show

159:, are erroneously called infomercials; when used as an independently produced commercial, they are generally known as 3016: 2852: 1180: 1056: 999: 577: 282: 502:

prohibits political advertising. Television advertising of pharmacy-only and prescription drugs is also prohibited.

4057: 3099: 2272: 905:'s 2008 presidential campaign used infomercials extensively, including running a 24-hour channel on Dish Network. 4133: 4108: 4050: 3838: 1541: 329: 633:. Fox gave back three early hours to its affiliates, while retaining two hours for infomercials under the title 317:

The Federal Communications Commission lifted the prohibition on program-length advertisements on radio in 1981.

2999: 1923: 1162: 1038: 937: 598: 527: 133:

but craft different elements to tell what their creators hope is a compelling story about the product offered.

2770: 1430: 782:

s "Bassomatic" skit featuring Dan Aykroyd in the 1970s may have presaged the genre; the target of the parody,

4123: 4113: 2484: 747:

to describe a cookbook whose author was described as "hit No. 1 on the New York Times best-seller list". The

726: 46:(long-form infomercials), and are typically 28:30 or 58:30 minutes in length. Infomercials are also known as 2927:

A shorter direct retail infomercial is more common in daytime programming, running an average of 120 seconds

1820:

Electronic Retailing Association co-founder Kevin Harrington claims the title 'Godfather of the infomercial'

1342:

like infomercials--they look like real shows. The soft-sell approach is more appealing to corporate America"

1338:"Latest Amazing Discovery: The Un-Infomercial : Television: Storymercials cost more to shoot and don't 444:

had objected to carrying Ion feeds consisting largely of paid programming. This is despite both DirecTV and

113:, the content is a commercial message designed to represent the viewpoints and to serve the interest of the 89:

cited a professional in the field as saying that "infomercial companies tend to do well during recessions."

2198: 1158: 1034: 985: 827: 707: 3041: 1225:, an early non-USA entrant to the field, claims to have distributed "over 3,000 infomercials since 1984." 3861: 3092: 1120: 820: 274:, Ohio motion picture studio in 1949. The filmed infomercials began appearing on television in 1950. The 2603: 2380: 1517:"I watched the whole interview. It wasn't journalism, that was an infomercial," CNN host S.E. Cupp said. 1337: 1276: 979: 816: 393:) that yield revenue for cable and satellite providers who carry them or fill local programming voids. 156: 39: 24: 2954: 2506:"Do It the Right Way, A Funny Parody of Infomercials Featuring People Unable to Complete Simple Tasks" 1794:, 98 F.C.C.2d 1075 (1984) (rescinding the FCC’s policy banning program-length television commercials). 1763:, 84 F.C.C.2d 968, 1007 (1981) (rescinding the FCC’s policy banning program-length radio commercials.) 1486:

Jeffrey D. Knowles (January 25, 1993). "Infomercial association works to widen use of long-form ads".

408:

at the top right corner of the screen during all airings of infomercials. In contrast, sister network

4138: 3818: 3179: 2738: 691: 644: 495: 405: 386: 275: 148: 2401: 3357: 3352: 2505: 2145: 1417: 1306: 933: 673: 623: 619: 606: 586: 471:

In the UK, "admags" (advertisement magazines) were originally a feature of the regional commercial

106: 2797: 1714:

https://www.academia.edu/77820207/_But_wait_There_s_more_Papa_Bernard_and_the_first_TV_infomercial

863:

also bought network time in 1992 and 1996 to present his presidential policies to the public. The

267: 125:

and try to downplay the fact that the program is a commercial message. A few are developed around

4082: 4019: 3730: 3667: 3609: 3551: 3541: 3254: 3239: 1773: 1286: 1151: 1027: 895: 800:

Others have been done too, and these parodies are an ongoing source of amusement and creativity.

499: 59: 2141:"Selling Salvation? Many put faith in a faith healer who says he has the answer to your prayers" 1902: 1386: 1367: 3735: 3431: 1078: 941: 901:

before that state's primary to present a town hall-like program. Fellow presidential candidate

687: 630: 594: 523: 2907: 2823: 2184: 4118: 4002: 3954: 3934: 3853: 3843: 3627: 3511: 3046: 2385: 2151:

His miracle healing services first propelled him up the televangelist ladder in the mid-1980s

1346: 1296: 1291: 719: 432: 353: 144: 35: 867:(NRA) has aired programs via paid programming time to present their views on issues such as 3969: 3760: 3710: 3446: 3441: 3411: 3274: 1271: 1073:

By the mid-2000s, these transitioned from locally produced programs to what is known as an

898: 349: 114: 67: 2939: 2140: 1990: 647:(E/I) programming, with infomercials relegated to before or after the block. Some refused 381:

periods. There are also all-infomercial networks (such as cable channels Corner Store TV,

8: 3929: 3919: 3876: 3647: 3474: 3436: 3332: 3066: 775: 679: 635: 2273:

Timothy D. Naegele & Associates Announces Class Action Lawsuit Against Guthy-Renker.

4040: 3803: 3702: 3692: 3642: 3561: 3342: 3337: 3229: 3115: 2828: 1928: 1907: 1836: 1701: 1372: 1209:

product for direct sale to persons via response through the web, by phone, or by mail.

365: 186: 182: 63: 2464: 1228:

By 1996, countries with Teleshopping included France, Germany, UK, Japan, and Mexico.

3949: 3886: 3662: 3632: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3489: 3469: 3327: 3312: 3264: 3209: 2903: 2848: 2666: 2553: 2446: 2309:

16 CFR PART 255—GUIDES CONCERNING USE OF ENDORSEMENTS AND TESTIMONIALS IN ADVERTISING

2164:"Teleworld Paid Program Showing Up In TiVo Now Playing List | Gizmo Lovers Blog" 1106: 956: 917: 913: 748: 660: 549: 190: 130: 2578: 4087: 3911: 3891: 3793: 3755: 3740: 3531: 3506: 3380: 3362: 3322: 3219: 3134: 2288: 1460: 883: 602: 472: 152: 140:, by 2007, had come to refer to the format, even when used in a live presentation. 2432: 4077: 4062: 4007: 3828: 3604: 3451: 3426: 3391: 3234: 3023: 2984: 2688: 2365: 2351: 2016: 1883: 1868: 1853: 1851:

Greg Renker (January 25, 1993). "A marketing marriage: celebs and infomercials".

1744: 1656: 1609: 1589: 1488: 1465: 1393: 879: 852: 808: 480: 476: 428:

suggested that "the commercial became the show as infomercials ruled the night."

235: 118: 1871:’s infomercials, pitching products like a blanket with arms, resemble his show." 167:. Infomercial sponsors often also use shorter spots during regular programming. 3959: 3823: 3808: 3770: 3750: 3687: 3526: 3501: 3406: 3289: 3269: 3224: 3202: 1301: 584:

A feature-length documentary that chronicles the history of the infomercial is

553: 511: 437: 85: 73: 1943: 1881:

Kathy Haley (January 25, 1993). "Slow progress for all-infomercial channels".

1687: 4102: 4067: 4024: 3833: 3813: 3652: 3396: 3244: 3149: 2711: 2582: 2557: 1281: 1082: 887: 711: 703: 683: 515: 449: 244: 176: 110: 1405: 815:

in the early-morning hours, concealed in program schedules under the title "

4072: 3992: 3987: 3871: 3715: 3657: 3637: 3144: 2807: 2489: 1094: 990:

were often described as being marketing vehicles for related toy lines and

902: 871:

and other issues while appealing to the public to join their organization.

789: 531: 519: 445: 390: 2546:"Adult Swim unveils new mind-bending infomercial on prescription medicine" 348:

Infomercials particularly exploded in the mid-1990s with motivational and

3964: 3924: 3775: 3682: 3677: 3546: 3536: 3521: 3347: 3299: 3164: 1266: 1074: 952: 868: 557: 129:

and have been called "storymercials". However, most do not have specific

102: 98: 994:

products advertised during commercial breaks. In the United States, the

4045: 3944: 3901: 3866: 3785: 3725: 3619: 3556: 3375: 3259: 3249: 3174: 3159: 3154: 3129: 2920: 2345:

KSAZ: "Incarcerated TV Pitchman Don Lapre Found Dead", October 3, 2011.

1964: 1165: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1116: 1102: 1041: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 860: 812: 804: 783: 409: 378: 230: 209: 200: 55: 20: 643:

between programs was offered. Some stations used Saturday morning for

66:

chose to air infomercials as an alternative to the former practice of

3765: 3745: 3720: 3599: 3571: 3484: 3421: 3307: 3169: 3139: 3084: 2982:

Kathy Haley (January 25, 1993). "Infomercial media a different art".

2810:

little more than the next great televangelist or Ginsu knife salesman

2686:

Kathy Haley (January 25, 1993). "The informercial begins a new era".

2521:"Too Many Cooks' creator hid a horror movie in Adult Swim's yule log" 2363:

Neal Weinstock (January 25, 1993). "Telemarketing is a key element".

1700:, Case Western Reserve University, Encyclopedia of Cleveland History 1098: 945: 715: 361: 357: 302: 297: 271: 204: 126: 122: 3000:"Planned or Impulse Purchases? How to Create Effective Infomercials" 2845:

Hi there, boys and girls! : America's local children's TV shows

1331: 1329: 1327: 1140: 1016: 605:

began to relax the guidelines for listing infomercials within their

3896: 3672: 3496: 3479: 3416: 3279: 3197: 3189: 2743: 2608: 1546: 1511: 1311: 1111: 739: 2420:

creating an infomercial-like pitch for a silly and useless object.

1742:

Jim Auchmutey (1983). "But wait, there's more! (Special Report)".

690:

or a state/local customer protection agency. A "paid programming"

4012: 3997: 3881: 3798: 3516: 3284: 3214: 3033: 2185:

Channel 4 returns to the lead, but cable quarrel boosts Channel 7

2138: 1324: 1253:

Profits from producing infomercials were described as not being "

441: 412:

airs international programming rather than any paid programming.

293: 263: 255: 3017:"Infomercials and Advertising Effectiveness: An Empirical Study" 2031: 3939: 2815: 1823: 1361: 1359: 1357: 991: 382: 2870:"How Peggy Charren Outflanked the Children's TV Establishment" 2110:"BCAP Code: Medicines, medical devices, treatments and health" 1896: 1894: 1805:"Pitchman Billy Mays Stole Celebs' Shine Last Super Bowl: Pal" 1595:

In a focus group, 80% said they'd watch .. 60% said they'd buy

278:

has posted online a number of the early Vitamix infomercials.

3979: 3579: 1494:

to render superfluous draconian re-regulation of the industry

1431:"Analysis of key drivers in teleshopping - PDF Free Download" 929: 891: 786:, would become an infomercial fixture in the 1980s and 1990s. 465: 306: 2771:"UPDATE 1-Obama infomercial tops network prime-time ratings" 2253:"The Role of Advertising in the Age of Electronic Retailing" 1669:

Fifty years of candy: consolidation, clowns and confidence.

1354: 874: 3461: 2224: 1891: 1712:"But Wait! There's More," article in Academia.edu Letters. 545: 401: 289: 117:. Infomercials are often made to closely resemble standard 1924:"Remind Me, Why Was It That We Ever Watched Infomercials?" 1915: 1816: 1814: 452:

networks which have been criticized by their subscribers.

1774:"Infomercial | AdAge Encyclopedia of Advertising – AdAge" 1418:

Advertising Media Infomercials Law & Legal Definition

925: 921: 856: 240: 2847:. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. p. 20. 1903:"Infomercials Find Their Way to Television's Prime Time" 1650:

Char-Broil's First DRTV Effort Gets Grill Sales Sizzling

1580: 460:

As with other advertising, content is supervised by the

243:, which was created essentially as an advertisement for 2824:"Obama Infomercial, a Closing Argument to the Everyman" 1944:"DIRECTV Satellite TV – Official Site – 1-800-490-4388" 1844: 1811: 1797: 1600: 170: 3015:

Brett A. S. Martin, Andrew Bhimy and Tom Agee (2002),

2977: 2975: 2139:

Jim Avila; Glenn Ruppel; Donna Hunter (May 14, 2007).

1507:"Fox News Trump Interview was 'Infomercial': CNN Host" 967:

Although not meeting the definition of an infomercial

729:(900-number) have additional disclosure requirements. 258:

blender. Image courtesy the Hagley Museum and Library.

2896:

Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal

2679: 1726:"How Do Infomercials 'fullfill the public interest'?" 1529:"Premature poll campaign law can't stop infomercials" 613: 419: 2921:

Charles W. Lamb; Joe F. Hair; Carl McDaniel (2012).

1730:

occasional infomercials for "Shop Smith" power tools

1702:

https://case.edu/ech/articles/v/vita-mix-corporation

2972: 2032:"The Inventor's Story, Pioneers of Online Shopping" 564:, named for TiVo's corporate name at its founding. 262:The first infomercials for a commercial product (a 2663:More than Money: Interest Group Action in Congress 2660: 2356: 1900: 1874: 1485: 1479: 1365: 548:formerly used paid programming time weekly on the 526:. A block of such programming appears weekdays on 2285:"FTC Announcement Requesting Comments on Changes" 1686:is thought to be the first filmed TV infomercial 770:The infomercial format has been widely parodied: 571: 4100: 1368:"Montel's Back, and Does He Have a Deal for You" 1093:Traditional infomercial marketers (for example, 658:was replaced in some markets by the E/I-focused 335: 309:ads were being aired on American late-night TV. 292: – a Mexican TV station based in 2485:"The Greatest Infomercial Parodies Of All Time" 1123:, along with the top executives of Telebrands. 882:bought an hour of primetime programming on the 859:and local stations in the 1980s. In the 1990s, 794:"The Greatest Infomercial Parodies Of All Time" 2629: 2362: 2232:. Cynopsis Kids daily newsletter. 18 June 2014 1085:story that interrupts an advertorial program. 3100: 2821: 2806:considering his thin resume, I've considered 1921: 1741: 912:, Obama purchased a 30-minute slot at 8 p.m. 840: 834:Live Forever as You Are Now with Alan Resnick 667: 360:. These were hawked by personalities such as 2795: 2399: 1829: 1335: 1231: 725:Programs that collect donations or sell via 254:Papa Bernard in a 1949 TV infomercial for a 3039: 2981: 2952: 2887: 2685: 1982: 1880: 1850: 1539: 811:has often broadcast an anthology of comedy 3107: 3093: 1240: 920:during primetime on seven major networks ( 212:' 1997 return to the helm of the company. 3064: 2623: 2503: 2196: 1542:"Apple Computer Is Dead; Long Live Apple" 1396:– Business Dictionary – WebFinance, Inc. 1257:" when compared to "owning the product." 1181:Learn how and when to remove this message 1057:Learn how and when to remove this message 962: 959:with an infomercial when I'm president." 875:Use during the 2008 presidential campaign 845: 494:Airtime for political messages, known as 2998:Tom Agee and Brett A. S. Martin (2001), 2321:"ERA Posting on 2008–2009 Rules Changes" 2114:Committees of Advertising Practice (CAP) 2084:Committees of Advertising Practice (CAP) 2054:Committees of Advertising Practice (CAP) 1969:Committees of Advertising Practice (CAP) 1088: 345:" adds value in making an introduction. 249: 23:television series of the same name, see 2893: 2604:"'This Isn't A Scam Like Real College'" 2543: 2518: 2338: 2250: 1901:Stephanie Clifford (January 25, 2009). 1366:Stephanie Clifford (21 December 2008). 1130: 4129:Promotion and marketing communications 4101: 3114: 2842: 2642:from the original on February 13, 2014 2576: 2199:"Longform ads replace kid fare on Fox" 1832:"TV Infomercials Draw Mixed Reactions" 1420:– US Legal Definitions – USLegal, Inc. 1006: 974:He-Man and the Masters of the Universe 448:carrying several infomercial-only and 3088: 2867: 2570: 2187:. The Buffalo News. 18 November 2008. 2050:"BCAP code: Political Advertisements" 1453: 1408:– Your Dictionary – LoveToKnow, Corp. 865:National Rifle Association of America 837:(which parodies self-help programs). 223: 147:immediate direct response (a form of 143:Infomercials are designed to solicit 3065:Nathanson, Jon (November 14, 2013). 2251:Knowles, Jeffrey (October 1, 1996). 1988: 1936: 1163:adding citations to reliable sources 1134: 1039:adding citations to reliable sources 1010: 171:Products using infomercial marketing 2861: 2836: 2751:from the original on 2 October 2008 1991:"BFI Screenonline: TV in the 1950s" 1565:. Response Magazine. Archived from 13: 3058: 2822:Jim Rutenberg (October 28, 2008). 2719:from the original on June 28, 2020 2630:Woods, Baynard (January 1, 2014). 2402:"TV infomercial pitchman arrested" 2080:"BCAP Code: Prohibited categories" 1922:Alex Williams (February 2, 2018). 1560: 1217:Europe, Japan and Southeast Asia. 955:commented that "No one will delay 807:late-night block of cable channel 614:Fox's Saturday morning programming 420:Commercials becoming full programs 281:Eventually, limits imposed by the 14: 4155: 3040:Julie Logan (17 September 1998). 2868:Lowry, Brian (January 23, 2015). 2796:Steve Rhodes (October 30, 2008). 2694:drew 20 million viewers last fall 2638:. Times-Shamrock Communications. 2197:Schneider, Michael (2008-11-23). 1336:Greg Braxton (24 November 1994). 996:Children's Television Act of 1990 505: 455: 400:contracts were adjusted in 2006. 371: 283:Federal Communications Commission 2632:"Wham City makes an infomercial" 1830:Linda Saslow (4 December 1994). 1625:"Infomercial history highlights" 1248: 1139: 1015: 754:Other possible putdowns include 3751:Party platforms (or manifestos) 3067:"The Economics of Infomercials" 3009: 3004:Journal of Advertising Research 2992: 2946: 2932: 2914: 2789: 2763: 2731: 2699: 2654: 2596: 2577:Modell, Josh (1 October 2010). 2544:Donahue, Anne T. (2014-12-17). 2537: 2512: 2497: 2477: 2457: 2439: 2425: 2408: 2393: 2373: 2313: 2302: 2277: 2266: 2244: 2218: 2209: 2190: 2177: 2156: 2132: 2102: 2072: 2042: 2024: 2007: 1957: 1861: 1784: 1766: 1753: 1735: 1718: 1706: 1691: 1677: 1662: 1642: 1617: 1554: 1533: 1522: 1150:needs additional citations for 1026:needs additional citations for 732: 722:. Some were successfully sued. 718:, a salesman notorious for his 552:on early Thursday mornings and 462:Advertising Standards Authority 2953:S. S. Blass (September 2006). 2504:Lori Dorn (February 5, 2018). 2400:Clark Howard (22 March 2017). 2014:"Checking on the check-outs". 1540:Steven Levy (9 January 2007). 1499: 1447: 1423: 1411: 1399: 1380: 572:The 2007–2010 financial crisis 1: 4144:Interstitial television shows 3028:Journal of Consumer Marketing 2166:. Gizmolovers.com. 2008-09-11 1317: 1081:notice to guide viewers to a 727:Premium-rate telephone number 629:after disputes with provider 336:Product or person as pitchman 320: 3839:Rally 'round the flag effect 2519:Patches, Matt (2022-12-12). 1607:"Case studies: Appliances". 828:For-Profit Online University 97:The word "infomercial" is a 7: 2661:Richard M. Skinner (2007). 1454:Bogle, Ariel (5 May 2014). 1260: 765: 109:". As in any other form of 10: 4160: 1684:Home Miracles of the 1950s 1456:"Is the Infomercial Dead?" 1277:Direct response television 890:primary elections, and on 841:Other uses and definitions 672:In the United States, the 668:Criticism and legal issues 496:party political broadcasts 305:"But wait! There's more!" 218: 174: 44:program-length commercials 40:direct response television 25:Infomercials (TV specials) 18: 16:Long television commercial 4033: 3978: 3910: 3852: 3784: 3701: 3618: 3570: 3460: 3371: 3298: 3188: 3180:Manipulation (psychology) 3122: 2707:"Infomercial with a Bang" 2579:"Interview – David Cross" 2447:"Post Newsweek Buys WTVJ" 2416:"Results for infomercial" 2038:. University of Brighton. 1563:"Smarter, Better, Faster" 1232:Research on effectiveness 855:regularly bought time on 710:and, to a lesser extent, 645:Educational/Informational 387:Access Television Network 276:Hagley Museum and Library 149:direct response marketing 92: 3358:Criticism of advertising 3042:"Oh, the Possibilities!" 2902:. Rochester, NY: 57–86. 2350:October 4, 2011, at the 1307:Television advertisement 674:Federal Trade Commission 607:electronic program guide 266:blender) were filmed by 151:not to be confused with 4020:Promotional merchandise 3731:Character assassination 3668:Narcotizing dysfunction 3542:Photograph manipulation 3255:Guerrilla communication 2802:NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth 2465:"Bassomatic Transcript" 1287:Informative advertising 1241:Time-slot effectiveness 896:regional sports network 540: 500:Communications Act 2003 464:(ASA) and regulated by 312: 60:commercial broadcasters 42:(DRTV), they are often 4134:Television terminology 4109:Advertising techniques 4003:Product demonstrations 3432:Historical negationism 1406:Infomercial Definition 963:Children's programming 846:Political infomercials 760:infomercial type stuff 720:get-rich-quick schemes 688:Better Business Bureau 627:children's programming 595:Tribune Media Services 566:Teleworld Paid Program 562:Teleworld Paid Program 259: 245:Bonomo's Turkish Taffy 199:Major brands (such as 3935:Reputation management 3854:Psychological warfare 3703:Political campaigning 3512:Firehose of falsehood 3047:The Los Angeles Times 2386:The Los Angeles Times 1780:. September 15, 2003. 1761:Deregulation of Radio 1347:The Los Angeles Times 1297:Psychological pricing 1292:Product demonstration 1089:Infomercial companies 910:2008 general election 524:religious programming 354:get-rich-quick scheme 268:Cinécraft Productions 253: 36:television commercial 4124:Marketing techniques 4114:Brokered programming 3970:Corporate propaganda 2843:Hollis, Tim (2001). 2798:"Infomercial Review" 2715:. February 8, 2000. 2636:Baltimore City Paper 2493:. November 11, 2011. 1698:Vita-Mix Corporation 1659:DMNews. 16 May 2001. 1593:. January 25, 1993. 1587:"Traffic building". 1515:. 14 December 2018. 1272:Brokered programming 1159:improve this article 1131:Use around the world 1035:improve this article 908:One week before the 682:advocates recommend 358:real estate flipping 350:personal development 4058:Media concentration 3930:Non-apology apology 3920:Cult of personality 3648:Emotive conjugation 3402:Burying of scholars 2739:"The Obama channel" 2369:. pp. M13–M14. 1613:. January 25, 1993. 1007:Daytime programming 886:in 2008 before the 776:Saturday Night Live 680:Customer protection 656:Weekend Marketplace 654:In September 2014, 649:Weekend Marketplace 636:Weekend Marketplace 631:4Kids Entertainment 483:. In the 1989, the 119:television programs 64:television stations 4041:Influence-for-hire 3834:National mythology 3804:Crowd manipulation 3693:Tabloid journalism 3562:Video manipulation 3507:Fictitious entries 3230:Civil disobedience 3116:Media manipulation 3030:, 19 (6), 468-480. 3022:2014-03-27 at the 2829:The New York Times 2389:. August 23, 1992. 1929:The New York Times 1908:The New York Times 1837:The New York Times 1807:. 2 February 2010. 1655:2014-07-04 at the 1648:Rudnick, Michael. 1392:2014-07-31 at the 1373:The New York Times 1003:("host-selling"). 366:Carleton H. Sheets 288:During the 1970s, 260: 224:Early infomercials 191:compilation albums 187:memory improvement 183:alternative health 131:television formats 4096: 4095: 3862:Airborne leaflets 3741:Election promises 3595:Product placement 3470:Alternative facts 3210:Alternative media 2940:"Direct Response" 2777:. 30 October 2016 2433:"Behrooz Parhami" 2183:Pergament, Alan. 2120:on 6 January 2014 2090:on 6 January 2014 2060:on 6 January 2014 1561:McCrea, Bridget. 1223:Northern Response 1191: 1190: 1183: 1115:, which featured 1107:Discovery Channel 1067: 1066: 1059: 756:informercial-like 749:Los Angeles Times 661:Xploration Nation 618:In January 2009, 550:Discovery Channel 4151: 4139:1980s neologisms 4088:Media proprietor 3912:Public relations 3892:Public diplomacy 3877:Information (IT) 3756:Name recognition 3381:Media regulation 3363:Annoyance factor 3220:Call-out culture 3135:Crowd psychology 3109: 3102: 3095: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3052: 3051: 3037: 3031: 3013: 3007: 3006:, 41 (6), 35-42. 2996: 2990: 2989: 2979: 2970: 2969: 2959: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2747:. October 2008. 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2672:978-1461-64021-9 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2564: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2531: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2451:South Florida TV 2443: 2437: 2436: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2360: 2354: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2332: 2323:. Archived from 2317: 2311: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2296: 2287:. Archived from 2281: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2260: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2222: 2216: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2194: 2188: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2171: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2136: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2116:. Archived from 2106: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2086:. Archived from 2076: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2056:. Archived from 2046: 2040: 2039: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2011: 2005: 2004: 2002: 2001: 1995:BFI Screenonline 1989:Vahimagi, Tise. 1986: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1898: 1889: 1888: 1878: 1872: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1809: 1808: 1801: 1795: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1770: 1764: 1757: 1751: 1749: 1739: 1733: 1732: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1704: 1695: 1689: 1681: 1675: 1673:, August 1, 1994 1666: 1660: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1636: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1558: 1552: 1551: 1537: 1531: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1441: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1363: 1352: 1351: 1333: 1255:the real profits 1207: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1186: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1143: 1135: 1121:Anthony Sullivan 1062: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1042: 1019: 1011: 957:the World Series 884:Hallmark Channel 822:Paid Programming 781: 624:Saturday morning 599:Gemstar-TV Guide 578:financial crisis 368:, among others. 330:Kevin Harrington 296:but serving the 189:courses, books, 153:direct marketing 48:paid programming 4159: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4149: 4148: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4083:Media influence 4078:Media franchise 4063:Media democracy 4029: 3974: 3906: 3848: 3829:Loaded language 3780: 3697: 3614: 3566: 3456: 3385: 3367: 3294: 3235:Culture jamming 3184: 3118: 3113: 3075: 3073: 3061: 3059:Further reading 3056: 3055: 3038: 3034: 3024:Wayback Machine 3014: 3010: 2997: 2993: 2985:Advertising Age 2980: 2973: 2957: 2951: 2947: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2919: 2915: 2892: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2866: 2862: 2855: 2841: 2837: 2820: 2816: 2794: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2689:Advertising Age 2684: 2680: 2673: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2628: 2624: 2615: 2613: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2575: 2571: 2562: 2560: 2542: 2538: 2529: 2527: 2517: 2513: 2502: 2498: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2398: 2394: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2366:Advertising Age 2361: 2357: 2352:Wayback Machine 2343: 2339: 2330: 2328: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2307: 2303: 2294: 2292: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2267: 2258: 2256: 2249: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2195: 2191: 2182: 2178: 2169: 2167: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2137: 2133: 2123: 2121: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2093: 2091: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2036:Aldrich Archive 2030: 2029: 2025: 2020:. 12 July 1980. 2017:Financial Times 2013: 2012: 2008: 1999: 1997: 1987: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1920: 1916: 1899: 1892: 1884:Advertising Age 1879: 1875: 1869:Montel Williams 1866: 1862: 1854:Advertising Age 1849: 1845: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1812: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1789: 1785: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1758: 1754: 1745:Advertising Age 1740: 1736: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1711: 1707: 1696: 1692: 1682: 1678: 1667: 1663: 1657:Wayback Machine 1647: 1643: 1634: 1632: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1610:Advertising Age 1606: 1605: 1601: 1590:Advertising Age 1586: 1585: 1581: 1572: 1570: 1559: 1555: 1538: 1534: 1527: 1523: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1489:Advertising Age 1484: 1480: 1470: 1468: 1466:The Slate Group 1452: 1448: 1439: 1437: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1404: 1400: 1394:Wayback Machine 1385: 1381: 1364: 1355: 1334: 1325: 1320: 1263: 1251: 1243: 1234: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1187: 1176: 1170: 1167: 1156: 1144: 1133: 1091: 1063: 1052: 1046: 1043: 1032: 1020: 1009: 965: 880:Hillary Clinton 877: 853:Lyndon LaRouche 848: 843: 809:Cartoon Network 779: 768: 735: 670: 616: 574: 543: 535:BET Inspiration 508: 481:online shopping 477:Michael Aldrich 458: 422: 374: 352:products, and " 338: 323: 315: 236:The Magic Clown 226: 221: 179: 173: 165:short-form DRTV 121:. Some imitate 95: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4157: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4043: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3984: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3960:Understatement 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3916: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3858: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3824:Indoctrination 3821: 3816: 3811: 3809:Disinformation 3806: 3801: 3796: 3790: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3771:Smear campaign 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3707: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3688:Sensationalism 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3628:Agenda-setting 3624: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3576: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3502:False document 3499: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3466: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3407:Catch and kill 3404: 3399: 3394: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3304: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3240:Demonstrations 3237: 3232: 3227: 3225:Cancel culture 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3206: 3205: 3194: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3112: 3111: 3104: 3097: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3032: 3008: 2991: 2988:. p. M10. 2971: 2955:"teleshopping" 2945: 2931: 2913: 2886: 2860: 2853: 2835: 2814: 2788: 2762: 2730: 2698: 2692:. p. M3. 2678: 2671: 2653: 2622: 2595: 2569: 2536: 2511: 2496: 2476: 2456: 2438: 2424: 2407: 2392: 2372: 2355: 2337: 2312: 2301: 2276: 2265: 2243: 2217: 2208: 2189: 2176: 2155: 2131: 2101: 2071: 2041: 2023: 2006: 1981: 1956: 1935: 1914: 1890: 1887:. p. M11. 1873: 1860: 1843: 1822: 1810: 1796: 1783: 1765: 1752: 1734: 1717: 1705: 1690: 1676: 1671:Candy Industry 1661: 1641: 1616: 1599: 1579: 1553: 1532: 1521: 1498: 1478: 1446: 1422: 1410: 1398: 1379: 1353: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1302:Sponsored film 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1262: 1259: 1250: 1247: 1242: 1239: 1233: 1230: 1189: 1188: 1147: 1145: 1138: 1132: 1129: 1090: 1087: 1065: 1064: 1023: 1021: 1014: 1008: 1005: 980:My Little Pony 964: 961: 876: 873: 847: 844: 842: 839: 798: 797: 787: 767: 764: 743:used the term 734: 731: 708:Donald Barrett 669: 666: 615: 612: 573: 570: 554:Ion Television 542: 539: 532:umbrella title 512:televangelists 507: 506:Televangelists 504: 485:Satellite Shop 457: 456:United Kingdom 454: 438:Ion Television 426:New York Times 421: 418: 398:cable carriage 373: 372:When and where 370: 337: 334: 322: 319: 314: 311: 225: 222: 220: 217: 172: 169: 157:call to action 101:of the words " 94: 91: 86:New York Times 74:Washington, DC 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4156: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4068:Media ecology 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4052: 4051:United States 4049: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4025:Telemarketing 4023: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3814:Fearmongering 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3653:False balance 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3610:Word of mouth 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3397:Broadcast law 3395: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3245:Deplatforming 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3150:False balance 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3062: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3036: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3012: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2987: 2986: 2978: 2976: 2968:(125): 23–50. 2967: 2963: 2956: 2949: 2941: 2935: 2928: 2924: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2856: 2854:1-57806-396-5 2850: 2846: 2839: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2818: 2811: 2809: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2734: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2712:New York Post 2708: 2702: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2682: 2674: 2668: 2664: 2657: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2599: 2584: 2583:The A.V. Club 2580: 2573: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2526: 2522: 2515: 2507: 2500: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2480: 2466: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2442: 2434: 2428: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2403: 2396: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2376: 2368: 2367: 2359: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2327:on 2009-04-20 2326: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2305: 2291:on 2012-08-02 2290: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2269: 2255:. Venable LLP 2254: 2247: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2212: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2186: 2180: 2165: 2159: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2135: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2105: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2027: 2019: 2018: 2010: 1996: 1992: 1985: 1970: 1966: 1960: 1945: 1939: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1918: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1897: 1895: 1886: 1885: 1877: 1870: 1864: 1856: 1855: 1847: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1826: 1817: 1815: 1806: 1800: 1793: 1787: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1762: 1756: 1747: 1746: 1738: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1688: 1685: 1680: 1674: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1645: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1612: 1611: 1603: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1583: 1569:on 2014-04-17 1568: 1564: 1557: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1536: 1530: 1525: 1518: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1502: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1482: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1450: 1436: 1435:docplayer.net 1432: 1426: 1419: 1414: 1407: 1402: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1341: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1323: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1282:Home shopping 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1258: 1256: 1249:Profitability 1246: 1238: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1185: 1182: 1174: 1171:February 2021 1164: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1148:This section 1146: 1142: 1137: 1136: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1086: 1084: 1083:breaking news 1080: 1076: 1071: 1061: 1058: 1050: 1047:February 2021 1040: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1024:This section 1022: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1004: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 987: 982: 981: 976: 975: 970: 960: 958: 954: 949: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 906: 904: 900: 899:FSN Southwest 897: 893: 889: 888:Super Tuesday 885: 881: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 838: 836: 835: 830: 829: 824: 823: 818: 814: 810: 806: 801: 795: 791: 788: 785: 778: 777: 773: 772: 771: 763: 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 742: 741: 737:In 1992, the 730: 728: 723: 721: 717: 713: 712:Matthew Lesko 709: 705: 704:Kevin Trudeau 700: 696: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 675: 665: 663: 662: 657: 652: 650: 646: 640: 638: 637: 632: 628: 625: 621: 611: 608: 604: 600: 596: 591: 589: 588: 582: 579: 569: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 538: 536: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 516:Robert Tilton 513: 503: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 469: 467: 463: 453: 451: 450:leased access 447: 443: 439: 434: 429: 427: 417: 413: 411: 407: 403: 399: 394: 392: 388: 384: 380: 369: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 346: 344: 333: 331: 327: 318: 310: 308: 304: 299: 295: 291: 286: 284: 279: 277: 273: 269: 265: 257: 252: 248: 246: 242: 238: 237: 232: 216: 213: 211: 206: 202: 197: 194: 192: 188: 184: 178: 177:As seen on TV 168: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 141: 139: 134: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 111:advertisement 108: 104: 100: 90: 88: 87: 81: 77: 75: 71: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 34:is a form of 33: 26: 22: 4119:Infomercials 4073:Media ethics 3993:Door-to-door 3988:Cold calling 3965:Weasel words 3872:Fifth column 3766:Push polling 3716:Astroturfing 3678:Pseudo-event 3658:Infotainment 3633:Broadcasting 3552:Urban legend 3475:April Fools' 3348:Testimonials 3318:Infomercials 3317: 3145:Dumbing down 3076:November 15, 3074:. Retrieved 3071:Priceonomics 3070: 3045: 3035: 3027: 3011: 3003: 2994: 2983: 2965: 2961: 2948: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2877:. Retrieved 2873: 2863: 2844: 2838: 2827: 2817: 2808:Barack Obama 2805: 2801: 2791: 2779:. Retrieved 2774: 2765: 2753:. Retrieved 2742: 2733: 2721:. Retrieved 2710: 2701: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2662: 2656: 2646:February 14, 2644:. Retrieved 2635: 2625: 2614:. Retrieved 2612:. 2013-12-22 2607: 2598: 2586:. Retrieved 2572: 2561:. Retrieved 2550:The Guardian 2549: 2539: 2528:. Retrieved 2524: 2514: 2499: 2490:Fast Company 2488: 2479: 2468:. Retrieved 2459: 2450: 2441: 2427: 2419: 2410: 2395: 2384: 2375: 2364: 2358: 2340: 2329:. Retrieved 2325:the original 2315: 2304: 2293:. Retrieved 2289:the original 2279: 2268: 2257:. Retrieved 2246: 2234:. Retrieved 2220: 2211: 2202: 2192: 2179: 2168:. Retrieved 2158: 2150: 2144: 2134: 2122:. Retrieved 2118:the original 2113: 2104: 2092:. Retrieved 2088:the original 2083: 2074: 2062:. Retrieved 2058:the original 2053: 2044: 2035: 2026: 2015: 2009: 1998:. Retrieved 1994: 1984: 1972:. Retrieved 1968: 1959: 1947:. Retrieved 1938: 1927: 1917: 1906: 1882: 1876: 1863: 1852: 1846: 1835: 1825: 1799: 1791: 1786: 1777: 1768: 1760: 1755: 1748:. p. 1. 1743: 1737: 1729: 1720: 1708: 1697: 1693: 1683: 1679: 1670: 1664: 1644: 1633:. Retrieved 1631:. 2004-10-24 1628: 1619: 1608: 1602: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1571:. Retrieved 1567:the original 1556: 1545: 1535: 1524: 1516: 1510: 1501: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1469:. Retrieved 1459: 1449: 1438:. Retrieved 1434: 1425: 1413: 1401: 1382: 1371: 1345: 1339: 1254: 1252: 1244: 1235: 1227: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1192: 1177: 1168: 1157:Please help 1152:verification 1149: 1125: 1110: 1095:Guthy-Renker 1092: 1072: 1068: 1053: 1044: 1033:Please help 1028:verification 1025: 986:Transformers 984: 978: 972: 968: 966: 950: 918:Pacific Time 907: 903:Barack Obama 878: 849: 832: 826: 821: 817:Infomercials 802: 799: 793: 790:Fast Company 774: 769: 759: 755: 753: 744: 738: 736: 733:As a putdown 724: 701: 697: 684:buyer beware 678: 671: 659: 655: 653: 648: 641: 634: 617: 592: 587:Pitch People 585: 583: 575: 565: 561: 544: 534: 520:Peter Popoff 509: 493: 489:teleshopping 488: 484: 470: 459: 430: 425: 423: 414: 395: 375: 347: 342: 339: 328: 324: 316: 287: 280: 261: 234: 227: 214: 198: 195: 180: 164: 160: 145:quantifiable 142: 137: 135: 96: 84: 82: 78: 72: 52:teleshopping 51: 47: 43: 31: 29: 3945:Sound bites 3925:Doublespeak 3776:Wedge issue 3736:Dog whistle 3711:Advertising 3537:Lying press 3522:Gaslighting 3300:Advertising 3275:Occupations 3165:Obfuscation 3155:Half-truths 2962:Esic Market 1387:Infomercial 1267:Advertorial 1075:advertorial 953:John McCain 869:gun control 745:infomercial 714:, and also 610:providers. 576:During the 558:datacasting 231:soap operas 138:infomercial 103:information 99:portmanteau 68:signing off 32:infomercial 4103:Categories 4046:Media bias 3902:Subversion 3867:False flag 3844:Techniques 3786:Propaganda 3746:Lawn signs 3726:Canvassing 3620:News media 3376:Censorship 3308:Billboards 3260:Hacktivism 3250:Grassroots 3175:Persuasion 2781:7 November 2755:7 November 2616:2023-04-08 2563:2023-04-08 2530:2023-04-08 2470:2009-04-16 2331:2009-04-16 2295:2009-04-16 2259:2013-02-22 2170:2012-10-31 2000:2021-04-14 1965:"About Us" 1949:7 November 1635:2010-05-05 1573:2014-04-16 1440:2021-03-02 1318:References 1117:Billy Mays 1103:Telebrands 861:Ross Perot 805:Adult Swim 792:published 784:Ron Popeil 751:mediated. 651:outright. 530:under the 510:Some U.S. 433:syndicated 410:CNBC World 379:prime time 321:After 1984 210:Steve Jobs 175:See also: 161:DRTV spots 127:storylines 123:talk shows 107:commercial 58:hours for 56:prime time 21:Adult Swim 4008:Promotion 3887:Political 3794:Bandwagon 3721:Attack ad 3600:Publicity 3572:Marketing 3485:Fake news 3447:Religious 3442:Political 3422:Euphemism 3417:Cover-ups 3412:Corporate 3280:Petitions 3170:Orwellian 3140:Deception 2923:Marketing 2558:0261-3077 2124:6 January 2094:6 January 2064:6 January 1974:6 January 1778:adage.com 1629:USA Today 1099:Beachbody 946:Univision 716:Don Lapre 593:In 2008, 362:Don Lapre 303:hard sell 298:San Diego 272:Cleveland 205:Microsoft 136:The term 3955:Transfer 3897:Sedition 3761:Negative 3673:Newspeak 3663:Managing 3605:Research 3580:Branding 3532:Literary 3497:Fakelore 3490:websites 3480:Deepfake 3437:Internet 3328:Modeling 3285:Protests 3265:Internet 3198:Advocacy 3190:Activism 3020:Archived 2879:July 15, 2749:Archived 2744:Politico 2723:June 25, 2717:Archived 2640:Archived 2609:HuffPost 2348:Archived 2227:-based: 2146:ABC News 1653:Archived 1547:Newsweek 1512:Newsweek 1390:Archived 1312:Telethon 1261:See also 1112:PitchMen 796:in 2011. 766:Parodies 740:Newsweek 514:such as 19:For the 4034:Related 4013:Spaving 3998:Pricing 3940:Slogans 3882:Lawfare 3819:Framing 3799:Big lie 3590:Product 3585:Loyalty 3517:Forgery 3462:Hoaxing 3343:Slogans 3323:Mobiles 3215:Boycott 3123:Context 2908:1000194 2874:Variety 2775:Reuters 2525:Polygon 2236:19 June 2203:Variety 1203:⁄ 1109:series 914:Eastern 894:-based 442:DirecTV 294:Tijuana 264:Vitamix 256:Vitamix 219:History 115:sponsor 105:" and " 62:. Some 3638:Circus 3547:Racial 2906: 2851: 2669: 2588:23 May 2556: 1101:, and 992:tie-in 983:, and 969:per se 942:TV One 831:, and 813:shorts 383:OnTV4U 185:aids, 93:Format 3980:Sales 3683:Scrum 3643:Cycle 3557:Virus 3427:Films 3392:Books 3333:Radio 3313:False 3290:Youth 3270:Media 3203:group 3160:Media 2958:(PDF) 1471:5 May 1461:Slate 1340:look 930:MSNBC 892:Texas 780:' 466:Ofcom 396:Some 307:Ginsu 201:Apple 3950:Spin 3527:List 3452:Self 3130:Bias 3078:2013 2904:SSRN 2881:2018 2849:ISBN 2783:2016 2757:2016 2725:2020 2667:ISBN 2648:2014 2590:2011 2554:ISSN 2238:2014 2225:STEM 2126:2014 2096:2014 2066:2014 1976:2014 1951:2016 1790:See 1759:See 1473:2014 1119:and 944:and 916:and 803:The 758:and 603:Rovi 597:and 546:TiVo 541:TiVo 518:and 446:Dish 424:The 402:CNBC 391:GRTV 389:and 364:and 343:name 313:1981 290:XETV 270:, a 83:The 50:(or 3338:Sex 1161:by 1079:IFB 1037:by 1000:FCC 938:BET 934:Fox 926:CBS 922:NBC 857:CBS 692:bug 620:Fox 528:BET 473:ITV 406:bug 241:NBC 239:on 163:or 30:An 4105:: 3353:TV 3069:. 3044:. 3026:, 3002:, 2974:^ 2966:37 2964:. 2960:. 2925:. 2900:19 2898:. 2872:. 2826:. 2804:. 2800:. 2773:. 2741:. 2709:. 2665:. 2634:. 2606:. 2581:. 2552:. 2548:. 2523:. 2487:. 2449:. 2418:. 2383:. 2201:. 2149:. 2143:. 2112:. 2082:. 2052:. 2034:. 1993:. 1967:. 1926:. 1905:. 1893:^ 1834:. 1813:^ 1776:. 1728:. 1627:. 1544:. 1509:. 1492:. 1464:. 1458:. 1433:. 1370:. 1356:^ 1344:. 1326:^ 1196:28 1097:, 977:, 940:, 936:, 932:, 928:, 924:, 762:. 706:, 664:. 639:. 590:. 385:, 247:. 203:, 3108:e 3101:t 3094:v 3080:. 3050:. 2942:. 2910:. 2883:. 2857:. 2832:. 2785:. 2759:. 2727:. 2675:. 2650:. 2619:. 2592:. 2566:. 2533:. 2508:. 2473:. 2453:. 2435:. 2404:. 2334:. 2298:. 2262:. 2240:. 2205:. 2173:. 2128:. 2098:. 2068:. 2003:. 1978:. 1953:. 1932:. 1911:. 1867:" 1857:. 1840:. 1750:. 1638:. 1576:. 1550:. 1475:. 1443:. 1376:. 1350:. 1205:2 1201:1 1198:+ 1184:) 1178:( 1173:) 1169:( 1155:. 1060:) 1054:( 1049:) 1045:( 1031:. 988:, 601:/ 341:" 27:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index