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123:" with the requisite state-of-the-art economic and regulatory platforms for handling the operations of international firms and markets, radical physical interventions in the fabric of the city are often called for, displacing "modest, low-profit firms and households". Persistent conflict and insecurity can also weaken the institutions that would record and formalize housing transactions. For instance, until 1991 municipal officials possessed a registry of land in
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150:, there are over 1 billion (one in seven) squatters worldwide. If current trends continue, this will increase to 2 billion by 2030 (one in four), and 3 billion by 2050 (one in three). In African cities, between half and three-quarters of new housing is developed on informally acquired land. Informal homes, and the often informal livelihoods that accompany them, are set to be defining features of the cities of the future.
139:, fast-paced economic growth, coupled with inadequate infrastructure, endemic corruption and the legacy of restrictive tenancy laws have left the city unable to house the estimated 54% who now live informally. Informal housing is often built incrementally, as householders acquire the resources, time and security to build additions and enhancements.
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community will typically lack security of tenure and, with this, ready or reliable access to civic amenities (potable water, electricity and gas supply, road creation and maintenance, emergency services, sanitation and waste collection). Due to the informal nature of occupancy, the state will typically be unable to extract rent or land taxes.
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To have informal housing status is to exist in "a state of deregulation, one where the ownership, use, and purpose of land cannot be fixed and mapped according to any prescribed set of regulations or the law". While there is no global unified law of property-ownership, the informal occupant or
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Solving the
Housing Crisis Half-a-House at a Time: Incremental Housing as a Means to Fulfilling the Human Right to Housing (U. Miami Inter-Am. L. Rev. 2021) - Law Review article reviewing legal implementation of incremental housing in Chile and the United
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People around the world face issues of homelessness and insecurity of tenure. However, particularly pernicious circumstances may obtain in developing countries, leading to a large proportion of the population resorting to informal housing. According to
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If households lack the economic resilience to repurchase in the same area or to relocate to a place that offers similar economic opportunity, they are prime candidates for informal housing. For example, in
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more narrowly defines slum housing as lacking at least one of the following criteria: durability, sufficient living space, safe and accessible water, adequate sanitation, and security of tenure.
64:(or lack thereof) which is illegal, falls outside of government control or regulation, or is not afforded protection by the state. As such, the informal housing industry is part of the
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Many cities in the developing world are experiencing a rapid increase in informal housing, driven by mass migration to cities in search of employment or fleeing from war or
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440:
Van
Noorloos, Femke; Cirolia, Liza Rose; Friendly, Abigail; Jukur, Smruti; Schramm, Sophie; Steel, Griet; Valenzuela, Lucía (2020-04-01).
264:
522:"Informal land investments and wealth accumulation in the context of regularization: case studies from Dar es Salaam and Mwanza"
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442:"Incremental housing as a node for intersecting flows of city-making: rethinking the housing shortage in the global South"
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127:. But these records are now held by a diasporic Somali living in Sweden, who charges a fee to verify land deeds.
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The term "informal housing" is useful in capturing the informal population other than those living in
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in Los
Angeles, California, there were estimated to be close to 50,000 unpermitted secondary units.
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Remaking the
American Dream: the informal and formal transformation of single-family housing cities
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Bonnet, Charlotte; Bryld, Erik; Kamau, Christine; Mohamud, Mohamed; Farah, Fathia (2020-07-28).
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Informal housing can also be found in developed countries like the United States. Unpermitted
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Andreasen, Manja Hoppe; McGranahan, Gordon; Kyessi, Alphonce; Kombe, Wilbard (2020-04-01).
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337:"The Global City – Strategic Site/New Frontier" in Dharavi: Documenting Informalities
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Common categories or terms associated with informal housing include: slums, shanty towns,
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Basic housing: policies for urban sites, services, and shelter in developing countries
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are seen as informal housing. In 2012, among the total stock of approximately 462,000
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429:. Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (Government of India).
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Housing outside of official government control, regulation, or protection
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594:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. pp. 93–137.
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Illegal Cities: Law and Urban Change in
Developing Countries
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580:(Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1983).
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Roy, Ananya (2009). "Why India Cannot Plan Its Cities".
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400:"Pro-tenant laws in India often inhibit rental market"
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352:"Inclusive shelter provision in Mogadishu"
265:"The Informal Economy: Fact Finding Study"
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339:. Delhi: Academic Foundation. p. 20.
427:Slums in India: A Statistical Compendium
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296:Fernandes, Edesio; Varley, Ann (1998).
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404:Global Property Law Guide
312:"Slums: Some Definitions"
547:10.1177/0956247819896265
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377:10.1177/0956247820942086
243:10.1177/1473095208099299
52:can include any form of
590:Mukhija, Vinit (2022).
335:Sassen, Saskia (2009).
110:In developing countries
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144:environmental disaster
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154:In the United States
18:Informal settlements
538:2020EnUrb..32...89A
499:"Our Shadow Cities"
458:2020EnUrb..32...37V
368:2020EnUrb..32..447B
324:on 23 October 2013.
164:single-family homes
50:informal settlement
497:Neuwirth, Robert.
277:on 27 October 2011
207:Subsidized housing
192:Affordable housing
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137:India
60:, or
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507:2012
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