3503:
1726:
2005:
2910:
1186:
3117:
23071:
20044:
21071:
2610:
2416:
1442:
10096:
2668:
969:
957:
3370:
1060:
3083:
2988:
2622:. Most scattered disc objects have perihelia within the Kuiper belt but aphelia far beyond it (some more than 150 AU from the Sun). SDOs' orbits can be inclined up to 46.8° from the ecliptic plane. Some astronomers consider the scattered disc to be merely another region of the Kuiper belt and describe scattered-disc objects as "scattered Kuiper belt objects". Some astronomers classify centaurs as inward-scattered Kuiper belt objects along with the outward-scattered residents of the scattered disc.
1235:
1821:
2428:
6161:
18381:
47:
2844:
10093:
22811:
20911:
2763:
3266:
6107:
2451:. The latter have orbits whose periods are in a simple ratio to that of Neptune: for example, going around the Sun twice for every three times that Neptune does, or once for every two. The classical belt consists of objects having no resonance with Neptune, and extends from roughly 39.4 to 47.7 AU. Members of the classical Kuiper belt are sometimes called "cubewanos", after the first of their kind to be discovered, originally designated
18279:
18347:
18364:
18330:
18159:
18398:
23095:
18313:
845:
3043:. Their closest approaches to the Sun are mostly clustered around one sector and their orbits are similarly tilted, suggesting that a large planet might be influencing their orbit over millions of years. However, some astronomers said that this observation might be credited to observational biases or just sheer coincidence. An alternative hypothesis has a close flyby of another star disrupting the outer Solar System.
23047:
20020:
3629:
22925:
20923:
18296:
23059:
20032:
3657:
3643:
700:
9815:
9731:
1035:. With the exception of Mercury, the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. Kepler's laws only account for the influence of the Sun's gravity upon an orbiting body, not the gravitational pulls of different bodies upon each other. On a human time scale, these perturbations can be accounted for using
23083:
22822:
3024:) from the Sun and possibly to as far as 100,000 AU (~1.8 ly). The Oort cloud is thought to be composed of comets that were ejected from the inner Solar System by gravitational interactions with the outer planets. Oort cloud objects move very slowly, and can be perturbed by infrequent events, such as collisions, the gravitational effects of a passing star, or the
2440:
planets. There are estimated to be over 100,000 Kuiper belt objects with a diameter greater than 50 km (30 mi), but the total mass of the Kuiper belt is thought to be only a tenth or even a hundredth the mass of Earth. Many Kuiper belt objects have satellites, and most have orbits that are substantially inclined (~10°) to the plane of the ecliptic.
841:. There is a small chance that another star will pass through the Solar System in the next few billion years. Although this could destabilize the system and eventually lead millions of years later to expulsion of planets, collisions of planets, or planets hitting the Sun, it would most likely leave the Solar System much as it is today.
2401:. It appears to consist overwhelmingly of many thousands of small worldsâthe largest having a diameter only a fifth that of Earth and a mass far smaller than that of the Moonâcomposed mainly of rock and ice. This region is sometimes described as the "third zone of the Solar System", enclosing the inner and the outer Solar System.
4373:
4184:
and the asteroid belt (estimated to be 0.0005 Earth mass) for a total, rounded upwards, of ~37 Earth masses, or 8.1% of the mass in orbit around the Sun. With the combined masses of Uranus and
Neptune (~31 Earth masses) subtracted, the remaining ~6 Earth masses of material comprise 1.3% of the total orbiting mass.
1209:
stars than
Mercury is to the Sun, a hypothesis has arisen that all planetary systems start with many close-in planets, and that typically a sequence of their collisions causes consolidation of mass into few larger planets, but in case of the Solar System the collisions caused their destruction and ejection.
14284:
K. E.; Magnes, W.; McNutt, R. L.; Miller, J.; Moebius, E.; Mostafavi, P.; Opher, M.; Paxton, L.; Plaschke, F.; Poppe, A. R.; Roelof, E. C.; Runyon, K.; Redfield, S.; Schwadron, N.; Sterken, V.; Swaczyna, P.; Szalay, J.; Turner, D.; Vannier, H.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.; Wurz, P.; Zirnstein, E. J. (2023).
2858:, typically only a few kilometers across, composed largely of volatile ices. They have highly eccentric orbits, generally a perihelion within the orbits of the inner planets and an aphelion far beyond Pluto. When a comet enters the inner Solar System, its proximity to the Sun causes its icy surface to
1050:
possessed by all its moving components. Although the Sun dominates the system by mass, it accounts for only about 2% of the angular momentum. The planets, dominated by
Jupiter, account for most of the rest of the angular momentum due to the combination of their mass, orbit, and distance from the Sun,
14283:
Brandt, P. C.; Provornikova, E.; Bale, S. D.; Cocoros, A.; DeMajistre, R.; Dialynas, K.; Elliott, H. A.; Eriksson, S.; Fields, B.; Galli, A.; Hill, M. E.; Horanyi, M.; Horbury, T.; Hunziker, S.; Kollmann, P.; Kinnison, J.; Fountain, G.; Krimigis, S. M.; Kurth, W. S.; Linsky, J.; Lisse, C. M.; Mandt,
4183:
The mass of the Solar System excluding the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn can be determined by adding together all the calculated masses for its largest objects and using rough calculations for the masses of the Oort cloud (estimated at roughly 3 Earth masses), the Kuiper belt (estimated at 0.1 Earth mass)
2028:
The four outer planets, called giant planets or Jovian planets, collectively make up 99% of the mass known to orbit the Sun. All four giant planets have multiple moons and a ring system, although only Saturn's rings are easily observed from Earth. Jupiter and Saturn are composed mainly of gases with
1816:
from the Sun, which lies between the orbits of Mars and
Jupiter. It is thought to be remnants from the Solar System's formation that failed to coalesce because of the gravitational interference of Jupiter. The asteroid belt contains tens of thousands, possibly millions, of objects over one kilometer
1208:
Uncommonly, it has only small terrestrial and large gas giants; elsewhere planets of intermediate size are typicalâboth rocky and gasâso there is no "gap" as seen between the size of Earth and of
Neptune (with a radius 3.8 times as large). As many of these super-Earths are closer to their respective
931:
that contains 99.86% of the system's known mass and dominates it gravitationally. The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the remaining mass, with
Jupiter and Saturn together comprising more than 90%. The remaining objects of the Solar System (including the four
18455:
8833:
The composition of
Mercury's exosphere, with its abundant H and He, clearly indicates a strong solar wind source. Once solar wind plasma and particles gain access to the magnetosphere, they predominantly precipitate to the surface, where solar wind species are neutralized, thermalized, and released
2790:, this boundary is roughly 80â100 AU from the Sun upwind of the interstellar medium and roughly 200 AU from the Sun downwind. Here the solar wind collides with the interstellar medium and dramatically slows, condenses and becomes more turbulent, forming a great oval structure known as the
1079:
With a few exceptions, the farther a planet or belt is from the Sun, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object to the Sun. For example, Venus is approximately 0.33 AU farther out from the Sun than
Mercury, whereas Saturn is 4.3 AU out from Jupiter,
856:
life combined. The Solar System will remain roughly as it is known today until the hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been entirely converted to helium, which will occur roughly 5 billion years from now. This will mark the end of the Sun's main-sequence life. At that time, the core of the Sun
864:
The expanding Sun is expected to vaporize
Mercury as well as Venus, and render Earth and Mars uninhabitable (possibly destroying Earth as well). Eventually, the core will be hot enough for helium fusion; the Sun will burn helium for a fraction of the time it burned hydrogen in the core. The Sun is
769:
icy compounds to remain solid. The ices that formed these planets were more plentiful than the metals and silicates that formed the terrestrial inner planets, allowing them to grow massive enough to capture large atmospheres of hydrogen and helium, the lightest and most abundant elements. Leftover
13139:
Emery, J. P.; Wong, I.; Brunetto, R.; Cook, J. C.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Stansberry, J. A.; Holler, B. J.; Grundy, W. M.; Protopapa, S.; Souza-Feliciano, A. C.; FernĂĄndez-Valenzuela, E.; Lunine, J. I.; Hines, D. C. (2024). "A Tale of 3 Dwarf
Planets: Ices and Organics on Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar
3011:
Much of the Solar System is still unknown. Areas beyond thousands of AU away are still virtually unmapped and learning about this region of space is difficult. Study in this region depends upon inferences from those few objects whose orbits happen to be perturbed such that they fall closer to the
2439:
The Kuiper belt is a great ring of debris similar to the asteroid belt, but consisting mainly of objects composed primarily of ice. It extends between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun. It is composed mainly of small Solar System bodies, although the largest few are probably large enough to be dwarf
943:
from the early Sun; those objects closer to the Sun, which are more affected by heat and light pressure, are composed of elements with high melting points. Objects farther from the Sun are composed largely of materials with lower melting points. The boundary in the Solar System beyond which those
2933:. When passing through the Solar System, comets produce a trail of meteoroids; it is hypothesized that this is caused either by vaporization of the comet's material or by simple breakup of dormant comets. When crossing an atmosphere, these meteoroids will produce bright streaks in the sky due to
11862:
9540:
Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Conrad, Albert R.; Consolmagno, Guy J.; Hestroffer, Daniel; Hilton, James L.; Krasinsky, Georgij A.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Oberst, JĂŒrgen; Stooke, Philip J.; Tedesco, Edward F.; Tholen, David J.; Thomas, Peter C.; Williams, Iwan P.
9914:
One of the most striking features of Phobos, aside from its irregular shape, is its giant crater Stickney. Because Phobos is only 28 by 20 kilometers (17 by 12 mi), it must have been nearly shattered from the force of the impact that caused the giant crater. Grooves that extend across the
1985:
orbit in this region. Due to their greater distance from the Sun, the solid objects in the outer Solar System contain a higher proportion of volatiles, such as water, ammonia, and methane than those of the inner Solar System because the lower temperatures allow these compounds to remain solid,
1067:
The radius of the Sun is 0.0047 AU (700,000 km; 400,000 mi). Thus, the Sun occupies 0.00001% (1 part in 10) of the volume of a sphere with a radius the size of Earth's orbit, whereas Earth's volume is roughly 1 millionth (10) that of the Sun. Jupiter, the largest planet, is
1386:. Coronal mass ejections and similar events blow a magnetic field and huge quantities of material from the surface of the Sun. The interaction of this magnetic field and material with Earth's magnetic field funnels charged particles into Earth's upper atmosphere, where its interactions create
3347:, gravitational instabilities, and radiation that could disrupt the Solar System, but since Earth stays in the Local Spur and therefore does not pass frequently through spiral arms, this has given Earth long periods of stability for life to evolve. However, according to the controversial
1153:
Besides solar energy, the primary characteristic of the Solar System enabling the presence of life is the heliosphere and planetary magnetic fields (for those planets that have them). These magnetic fields partially shield the Solar System from high-energy interstellar particles called
746:
from this disc, in which dust and gas gravitationally attracted each other, coalescing to form ever larger bodies. Hundreds of protoplanets may have existed in the early Solar System, but they either merged or were destroyed or ejected, leaving the planets, dwarf planets, and leftover
8834:
again into the exosphere. Moreover, bombardment of the surface by solar wind particles, especially energetic ions, contributes to ejection of neutral species from the surface into the exosphere (via "sputtering") as well as other chemical and physical surface modification processes.
2579:
Kuiper belt (that is, a Kuiper belt object not in a confirmed resonance with Neptune). Makemake is the brightest object in the Kuiper belt after Pluto. Discovered in 2005, it was officially named in 2009. Its orbit is far more inclined than Pluto's, at 29°. It has one known moon,
3019:
is a theorized spherical shell of up to a trillion icy objects that is thought to be the source for all long-period comets. No direct observation of the Oort cloud is possible with present imaging technology. It is theorized to surround the Solar System at roughly 50,000 AU
2956:
in dark, unpolluted skies. It may be generated by collisions within the asteroid belt brought on by gravitational interactions with the planets; a more recent proposed origin is materials from planet Mars. The outer Solar System hosts a cosmic dust cloud. It extends from about
4361:
2321:(29.9â30.5 AU) is the furthest planet known in the Solar System. Its outer atmosphere has a slightly muted cyan color, with occasional storms on the surface that look like dark spots. Like Uranus, many atmospheric phenomena of Neptune are still unexplained, such as the
984:. Smaller icy objects such as comets frequently orbit at significantly greater angles to this plane. Most of the planets in the Solar System have secondary systems of their own, being orbited by natural satellites called moons. All of the largest natural satellites are in
2638:(38.3â97.5 AU) is the largest known scattered disc object and the most massive known dwarf planet. Eris's discovery contributed to a debate about the definition of a planet because it is 25% more massive than Pluto and about the same diameter. It has one known moon,
3962:
2819:
prevailing to the south, e.g. it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere. The heliopause is considered the beginning of the interstellar medium. Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the
10825:
Marchi, S.; Raponi, A.; Prettyman, T. H.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Castillo-Rogez, J.; Raymond, C. A.; Ammannito, E.; Bowling, T.; Ciarniello, M.; Kaplan, H.; Palomba, E.; Russell, C. T.; Vinogradoff, V.; Yamashita, N. (2018). "An aqueously altered carbon-rich Ceres".
1130:
If the SunâNeptune distance is scaled to 100 metres (330 ft), then the Sun would be about 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter (roughly two-thirds the diameter of a golf ball), the giant planets would be all smaller than about 3 mm (0.12 in), and
1707:
is Mars's outer moon. Like Phobos, it is irregularly shaped, with a mean radius of 6 km (4 mi) and its surface reflects little light. However, the surface of Deimos is noticeably smoother than Phobos because the regolith partially covers the impact
2917:
Solid objects smaller than one meter are usually called meteoroids and micrometeoroids (grain-sized), with the exact division between the two categories being debated over the years. By 2017, the IAU designated any solid object having a diameter between
2695:
Some objects in the Solar System have a very large orbit, and therefore are much less affected by the known giant planets than other minor planet populations. These bodies are called extreme trans-Neptunian objects, or ETNOs for short. Generally, ETNOs'
2535:(30.3â48.1 AU), is in the same 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune as Pluto, and is the largest such object after Pluto itself. Its eccentricity and inclination are similar to Pluto's, but its perihelion lies about 120° from that of Pluto. Thus, the
11870:
8737:
Margot, Jean-Luc; Peale, Stanton J.; Solomon, Sean C.; Hauck, Steven A.; Ghigo, Frank D.; Jurgens, Raymond F.; Yseboodt, Marie; Giorgini, Jon D.; Padovan, Sebastiano; Campbell, Donald B. (2012). "Mercury's moment of inertia from spin and gravity data".
2617:
The scattered disc, which overlaps the Kuiper belt but extends out to near 500 AU, is thought to be the source of short-period comets. Scattered-disc objects are believed to have been perturbed into erratic orbits by the gravitational influence of
857:
will contract with hydrogen fusion occurring along a shell surrounding the inert helium, and the energy output will be greater than at present. The outer layers of the Sun will expand to roughly 260 times its current diameter, and the Sun will become a
2824:: a plasma "wake" left by the Sun as it travels through the Milky Way. Large objects outside the heliopause remain gravitationally bound to the sun, but the flow of matter in the interstellar medium homogenizes the distribution of micro-scale objects.
3526:
had theorized this about comets in the 1st century. Careful observations of the 1769 transit of Venus allowed astronomers to calculate the average EarthâSun distance as 93,726,900 miles (150,838,800 km), only 0.8% greater than the modern value.
3335:
and send many comets into the inner Solar System, producing collisions with potentially catastrophic implications for life on Earth. In this scenario, the intense radiation of the Galactic Center could interfere with the development of complex life.
2797:
The heliosheath has been theorized to look and behave very much like a comet's tail, extending outward for a further 40 AU on the upwind side but tailing many times that distance downwind to possibly several thousands of AU. Evidence from the
16145:
Alves, JoĂŁo; Zucker, Catherine; Goodman, Alyssa A.; Speagle, Joshua S.; Meingast, Stefan; Robitaille, Thomas; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Green, Gregory M. (23 January 2020). "A Galactic-scale gas wave in the Solar Neighborhood".
13026:
Buie, M. W.; Millis, R. L.; Wasserman, L. H.; Elliot, J. L.; Kern, S. D.; Clancy, K. B.; Chiang, E. I.; Jordan, A. B.; Meech, K. J.; Wagner, R. M.; Trilling, D. E. (2005). "Procedures, Resources and Selected Results of the Deep Ecliptic Survey".
2372:
closer to the Sun by the outer planets, and are expected to become comets or get ejected out of the Solar System. While most centaurs are inactive and asteroid-like, some exhibit clear cometary activity, such as the first centaur discovered,
15804:
Swaczyna, PaweĆ; Schwadron, Nathan A.; Möbius, Eberhard; Bzowski, Maciej; Frisch, Priscilla C.; Linsky, Jeffrey L.; McComas, David J.; Rahmanifard, Fatemeh; Redfield, Seth; Winslow, RĂ©ka M.; Wood, Brian E.; Zank, Gary P. (1 October 2022).
12872:; Van Dam, M.A.; Bouchez, A.H.; Le Mignant, D.; Campbell, R.D.; Chin, J.C.Y.; Conrad, A.; Hartman, S.K.; Johansson, E.M.; Lafon, R.E.; Rabinowitz, D.L. Rabinowitz; Stomski, P.J. Jr.; Summers, D.M.; Trujillo, C.A.; Wizinowich, P.L. (2006).
2590:(41.9â45.5 AU) is the second-largest known object in the classical Kuiper belt, after Makemake. Its orbit is significantly less eccentric and inclined than those of Makemake or Haumea. It possesses a ring system and one known moon,
14507:
Reisenfeld, Daniel B.; Bzowski, Maciej; Funsten, Herbert O.; Heerikhuisen, Jacob; Janzen, Paul H.; Kubiak, Marzena A.; McComas, David J.; Schwadron, Nathan A.; SokĂłĆ, Justyna M.; Zimorino, Alex; Zirnstein, Eric J. (1 June 2021).
2873:
Short-period comets have orbits lasting less than two hundred years. Long-period comets have orbits lasting thousands of years. Short-period comets are thought to originate in the Kuiper belt, whereas long-period comets, such as
715:. This initial cloud was likely several light-years across and probably birthed several stars. As is typical of molecular clouds, this one consisted mostly of hydrogen, with some helium, and small amounts of heavier elements
1696:
is Mars's inner moon. It is a small, irregularly shaped object with a mean radius of 11 km (7 mi). Its surface is very unreflective and dominated by impact craters. In particular, Phobos's surface has a very large
10016:
Snodgrass, Colin; Agarwal, Jessica; Combi, Michael; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie; Hsieh, Henry H.; Hui, Man-To; Jehin, Emmanuel; Kelley, Michael S. P.; Knight, Matthew M.; Opitom, Cyrielle (November 2017).
1355:. This stream spreads outwards at speeds from 900,000 kilometres per hour (560,000 mph) to 2,880,000 kilometres per hour (1,790,000 mph), filling the vacuum between the bodies of the Solar System. The result is a
9369:; Grundy, Will; Sykes, Mark; Stern, Alan; Bell, James; Detelich, Charlene; Runyon, Kirby; Summers, Michael (2021), "Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science",
12630:
Stansberry, John; Grundy, Will; Brown, Mike; Cruikshank, Dale; Spencer, John; Trilling, David; Margot, Jean-Luc (2007). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope".
1817:
in diameter. Despite this, the total mass of the asteroid belt is unlikely to be more than a thousandth of that of Earth. The asteroid belt is very sparsely populated; spacecraft routinely pass through without incident.
9219:
15152:
9092:
18149:
8225:
7329:
3012:
Sun, and even then, detecting these objects has often been possible only when they happened to become bright enough to register as comets. Many objects may yet be discovered in the Solar System's uncharted regions.
3330:
resides) at a distance of 26,660 light-years, orbiting at roughly the same speed as that of the spiral arms. If it orbited close to the center, gravitational tugs from nearby stars could perturb bodies in the
1418:
and metals, the objects of the inner Solar System are relatively close to the Sun; the radius of this entire region is less than the distance between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. This region is within the
8581:
Watters, Thomas R.; Solomon, Sean C.; Robinson, Mark S.; Head, James W.; André, Sarah L.; Hauck, Steven A.; Murchie, Scott L. (August 2009). "The tectonics of Mercury: The view after MESSENGER's first flyby".
8038:
MejĂas, Andrea; Minniti, Dante; Alonso-GarcĂa, Javier; BeamĂn, Juan Carlos; Saito, Roberto K.; Solano, Enrique (2022). "VVVX near-IR photometry for 99 low-mass stars in the Gaia EDR3 Catalog of Nearby Stars".
2642:. Like Pluto, its orbit is highly eccentric, with a perihelion of 38.2 AU (roughly Pluto's distance from the Sun) and an aphelion of 97.6 AU, and steeply inclined to the ecliptic plane at an angle of 44°.
5343:. Washington D.C.: Space Studies Board, Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration, National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Academies Press. 1990. pp. 21â33.
3074:
with respect to the galactic nucleus, the effective range of its gravitational influence, is thought to extend up to a thousand times farther and encompasses the hypothetical Oort cloud. It was calculated by
16331:
Mamajek, Eric E.; Barenfeld, Scott A.; Ivanov, Valentin D.; Kniazev, Alexei Y.; VÀisÀnen, Petri; Beletsky, Yuri; Boffin, Henri M. J. (February 2015). "The Closest Known Flyby of a Star to the Solar System".
2176:, which orbit inside or close to Saturn's rings. A moonlet can only partially clear out dust in their orbit, while the ring shepherds are able to completely clear out dust, forming visible gaps in the rings.
2886:
orbits may originate outside the Solar System, but determining their precise orbits is difficult. Old comets whose volatiles have mostly been driven out by solar warming are often categorized as asteroids.
1007:
is the largest to orbit in the opposite, retrograde manner. Most larger objects rotate around their own axes in the prograde direction relative to their orbit, though the rotation of Venus is retrograde.
1674:. Mars has an atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, with surface pressure 0.6% of that of Earth, which is sufficient to support some weather phenomena. Its surface is peppered with volcanoes and
812:
into different orbits. This led to dynamical instability of the entire system, which scattered the planetisimals and ultimately placed the gas giants in their current positions. During this period, the
2539:
of Orcus's orbit is opposite to Pluto's: Orcus is at aphelion (most recently in 2019) around when Pluto is at perihelion (most recently in 1989) and vice versa. For this reason, it has been called the
554:
do not have a definite surface, as they are mainly composed of gases and liquids. Over 99.86% of the Solar System's mass is in the Sun and nearly 90% of the remaining mass is in Jupiter and Saturn.
2925:
Some meteoroids formed via disintegration of comets and asteroids, while a few formed via impact debris ejected from planetary bodies. Most meteoroids are made of silicates and heavier metals like
2749:, who discovered the object in 2003, asserts that it cannot be part of the scattered disc or the Kuiper belt because its perihelion is too distant to have been affected by Neptune's migration. The
1328:
could be enriched with these atoms. The oldest stars contain few metals, whereas stars born later have more. This higher metallicity is thought to have been crucial to the Sun's development of a
995:, planets and most other objects orbit the Sun in the same direction that the Sun is rotating. That is, counter-clockwise, as viewed from above Earth's north pole. There are exceptions, such as
17901:
18147:
3812:
852:
The Sun's main-sequence phase, from beginning to end, will last about 10 billion years for the Sun compared to around two billion years for all other subsequent phases of the Sun's pre-
730:
caused it to rotate faster. The center, where most of the mass collected, became increasingly hotter than the surroundings. As the contracting nebula spun faster, it began to flatten into a
7011:
1937:
are in a 3:2 resonance with Jupiter; that is, they go around the Sun three times for every two Jovian orbits. They lie in three linked clusters between Jupiter and the main asteroid belt.
2153:
orbiting around its equator, which is composed of small ice and rock particles. Like Jupiter, it is mostly made of hydrogen and helium. At its north and south poles, Saturn has peculiar
1553:. At the surface, the atmospheric pressure is ninety times as dense as on Earth's sea level. Venus has a surface temperatures over 400 °C (752 °F), mainly due to the amount of
22852:
3178:
in the interstellar medium roughly 300 light-years across. The bubble is suffused with high-temperature plasma, suggesting that it may be the product of several recent supernovae.
1863:(2.55â2.98 AU) is the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt. It is the largest object in the belt, with a diameter of 940 km (580 mi). Its surface contains a mixture of
10203:
Bolin, Bryce T.; Ahumada, T.; van Dokkum, P.; Fremling, C.; Granvik, M.; Hardegree-Ullmann, K. K.; Harikane, Y.; Purdum, J. N.; Serabyn, E.; Southworth, J.; Zhai, C. (November 2022).
765:
The giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed further out, beyond the frost line, the point between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where material is cool enough for
6670:
3510:
in 1747. At that time, Uranus, Neptune, nor the asteroid belts have been discovered yet. Orbits of planets are drawn to scale, but the orbits of moons and the size of bodies are not.
3296:
Its speed around the center of the Milky Way is about 220 km/s, so that it completes one revolution every 240 million years. This revolution is known as the Solar System's
17131:
15685:
Torres, S.; Cai, M. X.; Brown, A. G. A.; Portegies Zwart, S. (September 2019). "Galactic tide and local stellar perturbations on the Oort cloud: creation of interstellar comets".
865:
not massive enough to commence the fusion of heavier elements, and nuclear reactions in the core will dwindle. Its outer layers will be ejected into space, leaving behind a dense
22662:
4171:, abbreviated AU, is equal to 150,000,000 km; 93,000,000 mi. This is what the distance from the Earth to the Sun would be if the planet's orbit were perfectly circular.
2745:(76.2â937 AU) was the first extreme trans-Neptunian object to be discovered. It is a large, reddish object, and it takes ~11,400 years for Sedna to complete one orbit.
17848:
14438:
Kornbleuth, M.; Opher, M.; Baliukin, I.; Gkioulidou, M.; Richardson, J. D.; Zank, G. P.; Michael, A. T.; TĂłth, G.; Tenishev, V.; Izmodenov, V.; Alexashov, D. (1 December 2021).
5235:
Vorobyov, Eduard I. (March 2011). "Embedded Protostellar Disks Around (Sub-)Solar Stars. II. Disk Masses, Sizes, Densities, Temperatures, and the Planet Formation Perspective".
3076:
17377:
Elements of Natural Philosophy ... To which are added. Some Thoughts concerning Reading and Study for a Gentleman. By the same author. With prefatory remarks by P. Des Maizeaux
14826:
10113:
Durda, D .D.; Stern, S. A.; Colwell, W. B.; Parker, J. W.; Levison, H. F.; Hassler, D. M. (2004). "A New Observational Search for Vulcanoids in SOHO/LASCO Coronagraph Images".
16460:
13453:
12453:
Hussmann, Hauke; Sohl, Frank; Spohn, Tilman (November 2006). "Subsurface oceans and deep interiors of medium-sized outer planet satellites and large trans-neptunian objects".
9211:
9096:
1162:
and the strength of the Sun's magnetic field change on very long timescales, so the level of cosmic-ray penetration in the Solar System varies, though by how much is unknown.
18148:
15144:
3522:
were of the same object, returning regularly once every 75â76 years. This was the first evidence that anything other than the planets repeatedly orbited the Sun, though
19947:
19521:
16675:
9149:
15999:"The Interface between the Outer Heliosphere and the Inner Local ISM: Morphology of the Local Interstellar Cloud, Its Hydrogen Hole, Strömgren Shells, and 60 Fe Accretion*"
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7321:
20960:
6821:
2727:
ETNOs, with perihelia approximately between 40â45 and 50â60 AU, are less affected by Neptune than the scattered ETNOs, but are still relatively close to Neptune. The
15868:"The Interface between the Outer Heliosphere and the Inner Local ISM: Morphology of the Local Interstellar Cloud, Its Hydrogen Hole, Strömgren Shells, and 60Fe Accretion"
4072:
4018:
2068:(4.95â5.46 AU) is the biggest and most massive planet in the Solar System. On the surface, there are orange-brown and white cloud bands moving via the principles of
19917:
14416:
9319:
7466:
Langner, U. W.; Potgieter, M. S. (2005). "Effects of the position of the solar wind termination shock and the heliopause on the heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays".
4045:
3991:
3680:
4386:âSelect "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".)
17760:
9250:
2941:. If a stream of meteoroids enter the atmosphere on parallel trajectories, the meteors will seemingly 'radiate' from a point in the sky, hence the phenomenon's name:
19718:
15502:
10209:
4778:
Mumma, M. J.; Disanti, M. A.; Dello Russo, N.; et al. (2003). "Remote infrared observations of parent volatiles in comets: A window on the early solar system".
4716:
8135:
Lineweaver, Charles H. (9 March 2001). "An Estimate of the Age Distribution of Terrestrial Planets in the Universe: Quantifying Metallicity as a Selection Effect".
4210:
Lurie, John C.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; et al. (2014). "The Solar neighborhood. XXXIV. A search for planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs using astrometry".
3797:
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since the 1960s. By 1989, all eight planets have been visited by space probes. Probes have returned samples from comets and asteroids, as well as flown through the
2808:
spacecraft has suggested that it is forced into a bubble shape by the constraining action of the interstellar magnetic field, but the actual shape remains unknown.
1561:
by the solar wind, which suggests that its atmosphere is sustained by volcanic activity. Its surface displays extensive evidence of volcanic activity with stagnant
777:. As helium accumulates at its core, the Sun is growing brighter; early in its main-sequence life its brightness was 70% that of what it is today. The temperature,
1773:, asteroids between the orbit of Mercury and the Sun, have been discovered. As of 2024, one asteroid has been discovered to orbit completely within Venus's orbit,
17022:
11609:
3228:
23130:
13964:
Kiss, Csaba; Marton, GĂĄbor; Farkas-TakĂĄcs, AnikĂł; Stansberry, John; MĂŒller, Thomas; VinkĂł, JĂłzsef; Balog, ZoltĂĄn; Ortiz, Jose-Luis; PĂĄl, AndrĂĄs (16 March 2017).
7408:
3239:
of the Sun some ~70 thousands years ago, likely passing through the outer Oort cloud. There is a 1% chance every billion years that a star will pass within
4599:
2489:
with Neptune, meaning that Pluto orbits twice around the Sun for every three Neptunian orbits. Kuiper belt objects whose orbits share this resonance are called
18073:"Quiz - Is Pluto A Planet? - Who doesn't love Pluto? It shares a name with the Roman god of the underworld and a Disney dog. But is it a planet? - Interactive"
12747:
10329:
15749:
12498:
7444:
7124:
Emilio, Marcelo; Kuhn, Jeff R.; Bush, Rock I.; Scholl, Isabelle F. (2012). "Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits".
861:. Because of its increased surface area, the surface of the Sun will be cooler (2,600 K (4,220 °F) at its coolest) than it is on the main sequence.
17878:
9721:
3111:
2619:
988:, with one face permanently turned toward their parent. The four giant planets have planetary rings, thin discs of tiny particles that orbit them in unison.
17255:
16807:
11157:
Vernazza, Pierre; Ferrais, Marin; Jorda, Laurent; Hanus, Josef; Carry, Benoit; Marsset, Michael; BroĆŸ, Miroslav; Fetick, Roman; HARISSA team (6 July 2022).
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Vernazza, Pierre; Ferrais, Marin; Jorda, Laurent; Hanus, Josef; Carry, Benoit; Marsset, Michael; BroĆŸ, Miroslav; Fetick, Roman; HARISSA team (6 July 2022).
4655:
Chiang, E. I.; Jordan, A. B.; Millis, R. L.; et al. (2003). "Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances".
2553:(34.6â51.6 AU) was discovered in 2005. It is in a temporary 7:12 orbital resonance with Neptune. Haumea possesses a ring system, two known moons named
1324:. Elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were formed in the cores of ancient and exploding stars, so the first generation of stars had to die before the
17433:
8377:
10568:
5376:
Boss, A. P.; Durisen, R. H. (2005). "Chondrule-forming Shock Fronts in the Solar Nebula: A Possible Unified Scenario for Planet and Chondrite Formation".
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939:
The Sun is composed of roughly 98% hydrogen and helium, as are Jupiter and Saturn. A composition gradient exists in the Solar System, created by heat and
13406:
10776:
Ermakov, A. I.; Fu, R. R.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Raymond, C. A.; Park, R. S.; Preusker, F.; Russell, C. T.; Smith, D. E.; Zuber, M. T. (November 2017).
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was identified as a planet some years later, in 1846, thanks to its gravitational pull causing a slight but detectable variation in the orbit of Uranus.
3541:, an apparent shift in the position of a star created by Earth's motion around the Sun, providing the first direct, experimental proof of heliocentrism.
10939:
20973:
14615:
8924:
8711:
8476:(2020). "The Inner Solar System's Habitability Through Time". In Meadows, Victoria S.; Arney, Giada N.; Schmidt, Britney; Des Marais, David J. (eds.).
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plains similar to the Moon. It is likely that Mercury has a silicate crust and a large iron core. Mercury has a very tenuous atmosphere, consisting of
17153:
Athreya, A.; Gingerich, O. (December 1996). "An Analysis of Kepler's Rudolphine Tables and Implications for the Reception of His Physical Astronomy".
9843:
5271:
estimates of disk radii in the Taurus and Ophiuchus star forming regions lie in a wide range between 50 AU and 1000 AU, with a median value of 200 AU.
1169:
of the Solar System is conventionally located in the inner Solar System, where planetary surface or atmospheric temperatures admit the possibility of
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15437:
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5354:
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is >90°. This gives the planet extreme seasonal variation as each pole points toward and then away from the Sun. Uranus's outer layer has a muted
12574:
9792:
7504:
754:
Due to their higher boiling points, only metals and silicates could exist in solid form in the warm inner Solar System close to the Sun (within the
20953:
19954:
13221:
9710:
8292:
5929:
3675:
3533:, having occasionally been observed since 1690 and possibly from antiquity, was recognized to be a planet orbiting beyond Saturn by 1783. In 1838,
2111:. They orbit substantially closer to Jupiter than other satellites. Materials from these natural satellites are the source of Jupiter's faint ring.
1197:
Compared to many extrasolar systems, the Solar System stands out in lacking planets interior to the orbit of Mercury. The known Solar System lacks
922:
14793:
12949:
Chiang, E.I.; Jordan, A.B.; Millis, R.L.; Buie, M.W.; Wasserman, L.H.; Elliot, J.L.; Kern, S.D.; Trilling, D.E.; Meech, K.J.; et al. (2003).
10619:
8450:
5187:
20848:
17541:
15612:
Pfalzner, Susanne; Govind, Amith; Zwart, Simon Portegies (September 2024). "Trajectory of the stellar flyby that shaped the outer Solar System".
15355:
14386:
10875:
4753:
2648:(33.8â101.2 AU) is a dwarf planet in a comparable orbit to Eris, except that it is in a 3:10 resonance with Neptune. It has one known moon,
2377:, which has been classified as a comet (95P) because it develops a coma just as comets do when they approach the Sun. The largest known centaur,
1127:, 912 km (567 mi) away.. At that scale, the distance to Proxima Centauri would be roughly 8 times further than the Moon is from Earth.
14851:
12297:
11172:
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1930:. Not much is known about Pallas because it has never been visited by a spacecraft, though its surface is predicted to be composed of silicates.
15539:
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14975:
13287:
11961:
SremÄeviÄ, Miodrag; Schmidt, JĂŒrgen; Salo, Heikki; SeiĂ, Martin; Spahn, Frank; Albers, Nicole (2007). "A belt of moonlets in Saturn's A ring".
10718:
9423:
8261:
4098:, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Solar System" and "solar system" structures in their
2922:
and 1 meter as meteoroids, and depreciated the micrometeoroid categorization, instead terms smaller particles simply as 'dust particles'.
2393:", with the doughnut-shaped Kuiper belt, home of Pluto and several other dwarf planets, and an overlapping disc of scattered objects, which is
9865:
7382:
6475:
6017:
3487:
22859:
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12809:
8985:
7188:
3364:
2569:
of Kuiper belt objects that share similar orbits, which suggests a giant impact on Haumea ejected fragments into space billions of years ago.
1080:
and Neptune lies 10.5 AU out from Uranus. Attempts have been made to determine a relationship between these orbital distances, like the
16843:
15270:
15049:
10445:
9960:
9675:
6662:
6587:
Levison, Harold F.; Duncan, Martin J. (1997). "From the Kuiper Belt to Jupiter-Family Comets: The Spatial Distribution of Ecliptic Comets".
6437:
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10646:
9184:
8016:
7666:
6301:
2240:
Irregular satellites, consisting of substantially smaller natural satellites. They have more distant orbits than the objects listed above.
1799:
are those with perhihelia above 1.3 AU which cross the orbit of Mars. As of 2024, NASA lists 26,182 confirmed Mars-crossing asteroids,
16209:
McKee, Christopher F.; Parravano, Antonio; Hollenbach, David J. (November 2015). "Stars, Gas, and Dark Matter in the Solar Neighborhood".
9280:
8559:
6084:
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19651:
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14713:
14514:
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3166:, although it is not clear if it is embedded in the Local Interstellar Cloud or if it lies just outside the cloud's edge. Multiple other
1099:
attempt to convey the relative scales involved in the Solar System in human terms. Some are small in scale (and may be mechanicalâcalled
992:
689:
464:
18233:
17281:. Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy, Proceedings of IAU Colloquium #196, held 7â11 June 2004 in Preston, U.K.
14261:
10909:
10301:
Morbidelli, A.; Bottke, W.F.; Froeschlé, Ch.; Michel, P. (January 2002). W.F. Bottke Jr.; A. Cellino; P. Paolicchi; R.P. Binzel (eds.).
9659:
Gatling, David C.; Leovy, Conway (2007). "Mars Atmosphere: History and Surface Interactions". In Lucy-Ann McFadden; et al. (eds.).
9510:
1285:
and that of the coolest stars. Stars brighter and hotter than the Sun are rare, whereas substantially dimmer and cooler stars, known as
1023:, which causes the body's distance from the Sun to vary over the course of its year. A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its
20182:
17225:
13619:
10246:
9487:
6534:; Morbidelli, A. (27 November 2003). "The formation of the Kuiper belt by the outward transport of bodies during Neptune's migration".
2613:
The orbital eccentricities and inclinations of the scattered disc population compared to the classical and resonant Kuiper belt objects
2481:(29.7â49.3 AU) is the largest known object in the Kuiper belt. Pluto has a relatively eccentric orbit, inclined 17 degrees to the
1148:
18466:
17840:
13843:
13347:
11502:
9986:
6209:
3416:. Using a heliocentric model that improved upon Copernicus by allowing orbits to be elliptical, and the precise observational data of
2137:
Irregular satellites, consisting of substantially smaller natural satellites. They have more distant orbits than objects listed above.
1769:
within the orbit of Mercury. At least 362 are known to date, and include the closest objects to the Sun known in the Solar System. No
773:
Within 50 million years, the pressure and density of hydrogen in the center of the protostar became great enough for it to begin
19417:
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To-scale diagram of distance between planets, with the white bar showing orbital variations. The size of the planets is not to scale.
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10150:
Steffl, A. J.; Cunningham, N. J.; Shinn, A. B.; Stern, S. A. (2013). "A Search for Vulcanoids with the STEREO Heliospheric Imager".
18242:
If the Moon were only 1 Pixel: A Tediously Accurate Map of the Solar System (web based scroll map scaled to the Moon being 1 pixel)
16912:
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9160:
3496:
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13001:
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Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D.; Kleyna, J. (2005). "An Ultradeep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to Completeness".
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Inner satellites, which orbit inside Uranus's ring system. They are very close to each other, which suggest that their orbits are
20560:
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13923:
Dumas, C.; Merlin, F.; Barucci, M. A.; de Bergh, C.; Hainault, O.; Guilbert, A.; Vernazza, P.; Doressoundiram, A. (August 2007).
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2057:. Icy substances comprise the majority of the satellites of the giant planets and small objects that lie beyond Neptune's orbit.
905:. Since the discovery of the Kuiper belt, the outermost parts of the Solar System are considered a distinct region consisting of
18044:
5615:
Shaviv, Nir J. (2003). "Towards a Solution to the Early Faint Sun Paradox: A Lower Cosmic Ray Flux from a Stronger Solar Wind".
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from the Sun and has a radius of 71,000 km (0.00047 AU; 44,000 mi), whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is
19572:
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19182:
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17691:
13480:
11013:
5510:
Yi, Sukyoung; Demarque, Pierre; Kim, Yong-Cheol; et al. (2001). "Toward Better Age Estimates for Stellar Populations: The
4279:
3103:
1762:
18484:
18469:
14408:
14201:
13813:
13779:
11400:
Christou, Apostolos A.; Wiegert, Paul (January 2012). "A population of main belt asteroids co-orbiting with Ceres and Vesta".
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1965:
population is roughly equal to that of the asteroid belt. After Jupiter, Neptune possesses the most confirmed trojans, at 28.
23019:
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19249:
19212:
19207:
18478:
18027:
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9462:
9129:
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4420:
4369:
2381:, has a diameter of about 250 km (160 mi) and is one of the only few minor planets known to possess a ring system.
1844:
Below are the descriptions of the three largest bodies in the asteroid belt. They are all considered to be relatively intact
17479:
14910:
Jorgensen, J. L.; Benn, M.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Denver, T.; Jorgensen, P. S.; Andersen, A. C.; Bolton, S. J. (March 2021).
14173:
13114:
12600:
12125:
12062:
11247:
Barucci, M. A.; Kruikshank, D. P.; Mottola, S.; Lazzarin, M. (2002). "Physical Properties of Trojan and Centaur Asteroids".
9901:
9242:
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4566:
4536:
1281:. Hotter main-sequence stars are more luminous but shorter lived. The Sun's temperature is intermediate between that of the
19942:
19879:
19533:
19254:
19192:
19187:
18477:
17752:
14440:"The Development of a Split-tail Heliosphere and the Role of Non-ideal Processes: A Comparison of the BU and Moscow Models"
13759:
Gomes, R. S.; FernĂĄndez, J. A.; Gallardo, T.; Brunini, A. (2008). "The Scattered Disk: Origins, Dynamics, and End States".
12520:
Soderblom, L. A.; Kieffer, S. W.; Becker, T. L.; Brown, R. H.; Cook, A. F. II; Hansen, C. J.; Johnson, T. V.; Kirk, R. L.;
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and surrounding stars. As of 2022, the precise location of the Solar System in the clouds is an open question in astronomy.
2398:
1012:
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9607:
6414:
4121:
23024:
20096:
19197:
18267:
8628:
7986:
6774:
3957:{\displaystyle \cos \psi =\cos(\beta _{g})\cos(\beta _{e})\cos(\alpha _{g}-\alpha _{e})+\sin(\beta _{g})\sin(\beta _{e})}
3389:
of the universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky. Although the
3047:
3000:
1741:, refractory rocky and metallic minerals, with some ice. They range from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers in size.
1036:
711:
The Solar System formed at least 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large
20986:
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21988:
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17016:
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14351:"Model of the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium: Numerical solution of self-consistent problem"
13773:
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9834:"Why the 'Super Weird' Moons of Mars Fascinate Scientists - What's the big deal about little Phobos and tinier Deimos?"
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containing more than 100 billion stars. The Sun is part of one of the Milky Way's outer spiral arms, known as the
1515:(0.31â0.59 AU from the Sun) is the smallest planet in the Solar System. Its surface is grayish, with an expansive
17:
18489:
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14887:
Meteors in the Earth's Atmosphere: Meteoroids and Cosmic Dust and Their Interactions with the Earth's Upper Atmosphere
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5803:
4607:
2355:
12739:
10302:
10205:"The discovery and characterization of (594913) 'AylĂł'chaxnim, a kilometre sized asteroid inside the orbit of Venus"
1391:
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19733:
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18164:
17327:
15739:
12490:
10778:"Constraints on Ceres' Internal Structure and Evolution From Its Shape and Gravity Measured by the Dawn Spacecraft"
10590:
McCord, Thomas B.; McFadden, Lucy A.; Russell, Christopher T.; Sotin, Christophe; Thomas, Peter C. (7 March 2006).
7436:
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4506:
4450:
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million years, and is thought to be the date of the formation of the first solid material in the collapsing nebula.
3546:
3213:
727:
18285:
17870:
17247:
15292:
Batygin, Konstantin; Adams, Fred C.; Brown, Michael E.; Becker, Juliette C. (2019). "The Planet Nine Hypothesis".
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Noviello, Jessica L.; Desch, Stephen J.; Neveu, Marc; Proudfoot, Benjamin C. N.; Sonnett, Sarah (September 2022).
10072:
9718:
8799:
Domingue, Deborah L.; Koehn, Patrick L.; et al. (2009). "Mercury's Atmosphere: A Surface-Bounded Exosphere".
3412:
Heliocentrism did not triumph immediately over geocentrism, but the work of Copernicus had its champions, notably
3373:
The motion of 'lights' moving across the sky is the basis of the classical definition of planets: wandering stars.
2720:
2364:
are greater than Jupiter's and less than Neptune's (between 5.5 and 30 AU). These are former Kuiper belt and
2218:(trojans of Dione). These small moons share their orbits with Tethys and Dione, leading or trailing behind either.
762:
materials only comprised a small fraction of the solar nebula, the terrestrial planets could not grow very large.
22381:
20497:
18353:
18191:
17046:
16936:"The Alvarez Impact Theory of Mass Extinction; Limits to its Applicability and the "Great Expectations Syndrome""
16574:
Kaib, Nathan A.; Quinn, Thomas (September 2008). "The formation of the Oort cloud in open cluster environments".
11759:
Anderson, J.D.; Johnson, T.V.; Shubert, G.; et al. (2005). "Amalthea's Density Is Less Than That of Water".
11194:
8405:
6907:
5617:
5025:
4167:
The scale of the Solar System is sufficiently large that astronomers use a custom unit to express distances. The
4141:'s Minor Planet Center has yet to officially list Orcus, Quaoar, Gonggong, and Sedna as dwarf planets as of 2024.
2448:
833:
orbits around the Sun. Although the Solar System has been fairly stable for billions of years, it is technically
19261:
14912:"Distribution of Interplanetary Dust Detected by the Juno Spacecraft and Its Contribution to the Zodiacal Light"
8369:
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debris that never became planets congregated in regions such as the asteroid belt, Kuiper belt, and Oort cloud.
22674:
22311:
22295:
21330:
20175:
19912:
19328:
19162:
14637:
Sekanina, ZdenÄk (2001). "Kreutz sungrazers: the ultimate case of cometary fragmentation and disintegration?".
11810:
Burns, J. A.; Showalter, M. R.; Hamilton, D. P.; et al. (1999). "The Formation of Jupiter's Faint Rings".
10560:
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3132:
Within 10 light-years of the Sun there are relatively few stars, the closest being the triple star system
3116:
3040:
2805:
2662:
2361:
1987:
1883:. Ceres has a very thin water vapor atmosphere, but practically speaking it is indistinguishable from a vacuum.
1473:
1000:
759:
268:
15240:
15177:
Stern SA, Weissman PR (2001). "Rapid collisional evolution of comets during the formation of the Oort cloud".
13402:
12772:
Tegler, Stephen C. (2007). "Kuiper Belt Objects: Physical Studies". In Lucy-Ann McFadden; et al. (eds.).
11556:
4832:
3204:, before dissolving into co-moving associations. A prominent grouping that is visible to the naked eye is the
2909:
1634:
is Earth's only natural satellite. Its diameter is one-quarter the size of Earth's. Its surface is covered in
980:
The planets and other large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earth's orbit, known as the
22939:
22721:
22588:
20783:
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19333:
12525:
10931:
5341:
Strategy for the Detection and Study of Other Planetary Systems and Extrasolar Planetary Materials: 1990â2000
5179:
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1961:, 60° behind in its orbit. Every planet except Mercury and Saturn is known to possess at least 1 trojan. The
1849:
838:
31:
19850:
18387:
14607:
8877:
8715:
6941:
Lecar, Myron; Franklin, Fred A.; Holman, Matthew J.; Murray, Norman J. (2001). "Chaos in the Solar System".
3351:, the changing position of the Solar System relative to other parts of the Milky Way could explain periodic
3227:
Stellar flybys that pass within 0.8 light-years of the Sun occur roughly once every 100,000 years. The
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21923:
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19472:
19367:
14581:
9833:
7036:
Marochnik, L.; Mukhin, L. (1995). "Is Solar System Evolution Cometary Dominated?". In Shostak, G.S. (ed.).
3550:
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of 1687, demonstrated that celestial bodies are not quintessentially different from Earthly ones: the same
3340:
2444:
1790:
1220:
and partly with long interactions of a quite high number of planets, the exact causes remain undetermined.
1166:
918:
19855:
18487:
18072:
15498:"Twisted extreme trans-Neptunian orbital parameter space: statistically significant asymmetries confirmed"
13222:"Autoresonant (nonstationary) excitation of pendulums, Plutinos, plasmas, and other nonlinear oscillators"
11578:
1398:, a spiral form created by the actions of the Sun's rotating magnetic field on the interplanetary medium.
1246:), which comprises 99.86% of all the mass in the Solar System, produces temperatures and densities in its
1212:
The orbits of Solar System planets are nearly circular. Compared to many other systems, they have smaller
785:
was achieved: the thermal pressure counterbalancing the force of gravity. At this point, the Sun became a
22645:
22625:
20012:
19538:
19467:
19432:
18465:
18459:
18241:
17322:
15653:
14674:
14209:
13229:
12664:
Braga-Ribas, F.; et al. (April 2014). "A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo".
9800:
4416:
4151:
3695:
3564:
In the 20th century, humans began their space exploration around the Solar System, starting with placing
2306:. Most of them have a roughly equal amounts rock and ice, except Miranda, which is made primarily of ice.
1580:
57:
22008:
19452:
18100:
13254:
9948:
It thus appears smoother than Phobos because its craters lie partially buried under this loose material.
9704:
8284:
7514:
5887:
2735:
objects, with perihelia beyond 50â60 AU, are too far from Neptune to be strongly influenced by it.
2625:
Currently, there is strong consensus among astronomers that two of the bodies in the scattered disc are
23120:
23037:
22709:
22640:
22610:
20926:
20834:
20616:
20408:
19927:
19728:
19611:
19594:
19560:
18486:
18428:
14757:
11688:
11220:
Feierberg, M. A.; Larson, H. P.; Lebofsky, L. A. (1982). "The 3 Micron Spectrum of Asteroid 2 Pallas".
10591:
8442:
7950:
7468:
3670:
3492:
3269:
Diagram of the Milky Way, with galactic features and the relative position of the Solar System labeled.
3217:
3107:
2199:. They are all composed mostly of water ice and are believed to have differentiated internal structure.
1395:
18215:
16752:
Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.; Berger, J. P.; Bonnet, H.; Brandner, W.; et al. (May 2019).
15405:
14286:"Future Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and Very Local Interstellar Medium by Interstellar Probe"
10864:
4711:
4305:
3518:
used it to refer to the Sun, planets, and comets. In 1705, Halley realized that repeated sightings of
2325:'s abnormally high temperature or the strong tilt (47°) of its magnetosphere. As of 2024, Neptune has
1015:
describe the orbits of objects around the Sun. These laws stipulate that each object travels along an
817:
suggests that a final inward migration of Jupiter dispersed much of the asteroid belt, leading to the
22716:
22593:
22570:
22152:
21601:
21596:
21591:
21586:
21581:
21576:
21056:
21030:
20855:
20672:
20637:
20630:
20477:
20168:
19770:
19745:
19555:
18183:
17502:
17350:
16699:
16484:
16211:
16003:
15872:
14444:
14105:
13647:
12881:
12808:
Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S.; Buie, M. W.; Benecchi, S. D.; Ragozzine, D.; Roe, H. G. (December 2018).
12293:
11158:
11106:
Schenk, P.; et al. (2012). "The Geologically Recent Giant Impact Basins at Vesta's South Pole".
10962:
10386:
9427:
8993:
Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
8098:
7904:
7819:
7596:
7126:
7071:
6504:
6498:
6237:
5378:
4562:
4532:
4502:
4111:
4095:
2949:
2900:
2855:
2520:
1734:
1683:
1420:
1282:
1274:
1263:
1193:
for different stellar temperatures, with a sample of known exoplanets plus the Earth, Mars, and Venus
1116:
945:
928:
755:
618:
496:
331:
324:
18483:
17279:
Jeremiah Horrocks, William Crabtree, and the Lancashire observations of the transit of Venus of 1639
16867:"The evidence for and against astronomical impacts on climate change and mass extinctions: a review"
16389:"Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au"
15497:
15432:
14967:
14859:
13279:
10669:
10505:"The Statistical Asteroid Model. I. The Main-Belt Population for Diameters Greater than 1 Kilometer"
9875:
8760:
8656:
8169:
7762:
Volk, Kathryn; Gladman, Brett (2015). "Consolidating and Crushing Exoplanets: Did it happen here?".
5888:"Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au"
4800:
2719:
of more than 0.85. As with the regular scattered disc objects, they were likely formed as result of
1893:(2.13â3.41 AU) is the second-largest object in the asteroid belt. Its fragments survive as the
869:, half the original mass of the Sun but only the size of Earth. The ejected outer layers may form a
22945:
22907:
21859:
21733:
21368:
20878:
20644:
20061:
19666:
15006:
14998:
13029:
12958:
12781:
11067:"Mineralogical records of early planetary processes on the HED parent body with reference to Vesta"
8253:
7386:
7180:
6467:
5130:(2010). "The age of the Solar System redefined by the oldest PbâPb age of a meteoritic inclusion".
4657:
3406:
3305:
3193:), each of which are some thousands of light-years in length. All these structures are part of the
3163:
3121:
2701:
2680:
2369:
2077:
1646:, are formed from past volcanic activity. The Moon's atmosphere is extremely thin, consisting of a
1273:
Because the Sun fuses hydrogen at its core, it is a main-sequence star. More specifically, it is a
1250:
high enough to sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This releases an enormous amount of
1085:
743:
84:
18205:
16835:
12365:
Duncan, Martin J.; Lissauer, Jack J. (1997). "Orbital Stability of the Uranian Satellite System".
11648:
Podolak, M.; Weizman, A.; Marley, M. (December 1995). "Comparative models of Uranus and Neptune".
8996:
2397:
of the Solar System and reaches much further out than the Kuiper belt. The entire region is still
2237:. In particular, Titan is the only satellite in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere.
1242:
The Sun is the Solar System's star and by far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900
758:). They would eventually form the rocky planets of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Because these
22635:
22386:
22185:
22095:
22055:
22037:
21963:
21534:
21460:
20739:
20525:
20384:
20363:
20322:
20286:
20254:
19750:
19577:
19224:
19128:
19035:
18735:
18585:
18476:
18467:
17355:
15074:
Bernardinelli, Pedro H.; Bernstein, Gary M.; Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (1 November 2021).
13869:
13314:
11494:
10478:
10417:
C. A. Angeli - D. Lazzaro (2002). "Spectral properties of Mars-crossers and near-Earth objects".
9964:
9683:
9454:
6858:
6441:
4050:
3996:
3324:
3205:
2859:
2645:
2461:, (and has since been named Albion); they are still in near primordial, low-eccentricity orbits.
2415:
2158:
2069:
2042:
1940:
1876:
1796:
1780:
782:
766:
748:
629:(just outside Neptune's orbit). Six planets, seven dwarf planets, and other bodies have orbiting
598:
586:
476:
252:
17962:
15262:
11914:
10642:
9188:
8315:
8008:
7954:
7650:
6628:; Schneider, Nicholas; Voit, Mark (2020). "4.5 Orbits, Tides, and the Acceleration of Gravity".
6312:
6274:
Morbidelli, Alessandro (2005). "Origin and dynamical evolution of comets and their reservoirs".
4023:
3969:
2609:
2464:
Currently, there is strong consensus among astronomers that five members of the Kuiper belt are
793:
and swept away the remaining gas and dust from the protoplanetary disc into interstellar space.
23125:
22796:
22776:
22548:
22543:
22441:
22336:
22285:
22090:
22080:
21753:
21551:
21519:
21410:
21393:
20990:
20792:
20665:
20658:
20581:
20375:
19755:
19693:
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19631:
19616:
19567:
19427:
19357:
18773:
18461:
12521:
9543:"Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006"
9272:
8878:"The deep atmosphere of Venus and the possible role of density-driven separation of CO2 and N2"
8755:
8651:
8523:
8164:
6076:
4795:
3614:
3377:
Humanity's knowledge of the Solar System has grown incrementally over the centuries. Up to the
3221:
3054:). Lower estimates for the radius of the Oort cloud, by contrast, do not place it farther than
2992:
2974:
2787:
2704:
orbits the Sun once every ~32,000 years, with a distance of 65â2000 AU from the Sun.
2390:
1978:
1725:
1667:
1662:(1.38â1.67 AU) has a radius about half of that of Earth. Most of the planet is red due to
906:
818:
653:
610:
492:
370:
319:
19676:
18481:
18473:
18470:
17082:
16444:
15780:
12172:
Forget, F.; Bertrand, T.; Vangvichith, M.; Leconte, J.; Millour, E.; Lellouch, E. (May 2017).
11721:
11292:
Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian (27 July 2011). "Earth's Trojan asteroid".
9212:"Seeing Forests for the Trees and the Carbon: Mapping the World's Forests in Three Dimensions"
8959:
7566:
6995:
4074:= 18h 0m 00s are those for the north pole of the ecliptic. (Both pairs of coordinates are for
4020:= 12h 51m 26.282s are the declination and right ascension of the north galactic pole, whereas
3469:
observed a transit of Mercury across the Sun, leading him to realize that observations of the
2536:
829:
The Solar System remains in a relatively stable, slowly evolving state by following isolated,
23115:
23075:
22882:
22650:
22620:
22615:
22605:
22533:
22321:
21487:
20938:
20762:
20456:
20394:
20247:
20217:
20121:
20048:
19922:
19775:
19738:
19626:
19621:
18421:
18013:
17363:
17006:
15667:
15647:
14882:
9518:
9303:
8203:
Space Physics: An introduction to plasmas and particles in the heliosphere and magnetospheres
5336:
5283:
Greaves, Jane S. (7 January 2005). "Disks Around Stars and the Growth of Planetary Systems".
3442:
in 1639. This provided a strong vindication of heliocentrism and Kepler's elliptical orbits.
3369:
3209:
2883:
2708:
1909:
material, has a denser composition than Ceres's. Its surface is marked by two giant craters:
1880:
1624:
1558:
1375:
1360:
1278:
830:
814:
778:
452:
21768:
19790:
18227:
17610:
17407:
17070:
16779:
15772:
15708:
14773:
14687:
14253:
14222:
13940:
13052:
12773:
12247:
11661:
11544:
11082:
10901:
10863:
Raymond, C.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Park, R. S.; Ermakov, A.; et al. (September 2018).
10204:
10094:
List of asteroids with q<0.3075 AU generated by the JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine
10044:
9479:
9159:
8595:
8062:
7917:
7322:"Is it a coincidence that most of the planets fall within the Titius-Bode law's boundaries?"
7069:
Bi, S. L.; Li, T. D.; Li, L. H.; Yang, W. M. (2011). "Solar Models with Revised Abundance".
6964:
6250:
2470:. Many dwarf planet candidates are being considered, pending further data for verification.
1115:
as its substitute Sun, and, following the scale, Jupiter is a 7.5-meter (25-foot) sphere at
22791:
22689:
22679:
22528:
22496:
22290:
22085:
22070:
21383:
20754:
20686:
20504:
20442:
20233:
20210:
20203:
19683:
19636:
19293:
18745:
18710:
18705:
18599:
18550:
18523:
18479:
18458:
18179:
17722:
17659:
17575:
17415:
17286:
17193:
17181:
17162:
17051:
16888:
16775:
16718:
16593:
16556:
16503:
16412:
16353:
16289:
16230:
16167:
16095:
16022:
15952:
15891:
15830:
15704:
15627:
15584:
15521:
15456:
15372:
15313:
15186:
15099:
15025:
14923:
14769:
14722:
14683:
14646:
14639:
Publications of the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
14523:
14463:
14362:
14297:
14218:
14202:"A 5-fluid hydrodynamic approach to model the Solar System-interstellar medium interaction"
14124:
14059:
13993:
13936:
13881:
13835:
13717:
13666:
13615:
13545:
13318:
13238:
13194:
13159:
13098:
13048:
12977:
12900:
12831:
12685:
12646:
12542:
12464:
12419:
12374:
12331:
12255:
12243:
12188:
12030:
11972:
11819:
11768:
11657:
11540:
11466:
11419:
11372:
11303:
11229:
11115:
11078:
10789:
10684:
10603:
10516:
10462:
10313:
10228:
10169:
10124:
10040:
9994:
9769:
9757:
9554:
9390:
9034:
8892:
8808:
8747:
8643:
8591:
8491:
8414:
8156:
8107:
8058:
7913:
7838:
7817:
Goldreich, Peter; Lithwick, Yoram; Sari, Re'em (2004). "Final Stages of Planet Formation".
7783:
7718:
7658:
7615:
7477:
7223:
7145:
7090:
7041:
6960:
6734:
6598:
6545:
6358:
6340:
6246:
6205:
6129:
5981:
5911:
5840:
5783:
5728:
5681:
5672:
5636:
5581:
5535:
5477:
5397:
5294:
5254:
5217:
5139:
5090:
4978:
4870:
4787:
4735:
4676:
4229:
3782:
3607:
3577:
3394:
3286:
3278:
3208:, which is around 80 light-years away within the Local Bubble. The nearest star cluster is
2816:
2800:
2742:
2716:
2532:
1858:
1825:
1217:
1213:
1103:)âwhereas others extend across cities or regional areas. The largest such scale model, the
985:
594:
566:
562:
480:
262:
227:
222:
95:
21226:
18462:
18460:
17817:
16754:"A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty"
6108:"The mysterious age invariance of the planetary nebula luminosity function bright cut-off"
4630:
3151:, orbits the pair at a distance of 0.2 light-years. In 2016, a potentially habitable
2423:
and other asteroid populations. J, S, U and N denotes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
1840:. Only Ceres and Vesta have been visited by a spacecraft and thus have a detailed picture.
8:
23051:
22993:
22987:
22957:
22251:
22234:
21905:
21807:
21630:
20885:
20827:
20623:
20574:
20470:
20417:
20240:
20135:
20024:
19862:
19835:
19785:
19589:
19047:
18740:
18592:
16482:
Drimmel, R.; Spergel, D. N. (2001). "Three Dimensional Structure of the Milky Way Disk".
13060:
12951:"Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances"
12855:
12774:
12174:"A post-New Horizons Global climate model of Pluto including the N 2, CH 4 and CO cycles"
11262:
8012:
3745:
3634:
3402:
3197:, which contains most of the stars in the Milky Way that are visible to the unaided eye.
3087:
2875:
2847:
2771:
2635:
2394:
2309:
Irregular satellites, having more distant and eccentric orbits than objects listed above.
2154:
1955:
1948:
1159:
1132:
1104:
1081:
1047:
878:
809:
797:
731:
704:
590:
472:
257:
22391:
18943:
18822:
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17579:
17419:
17344:
17290:
17197:
17166:
17055:
16892:
16866:
16722:
16597:
16560:
16507:
16416:
16357:
16293:
16234:
16171:
16099:
16026:
15956:
15895:
15834:
15631:
15588:
15525:
15460:
15376:
15317:
15190:
15103:
15029:
14927:
14726:
14650:
14527:
14467:
14366:
14301:
14128:
14063:
13997:
13885:
13721:
13670:
13581:
13549:
13502:
13476:
13372:
13242:
13198:
13163:
13102:
12981:
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12835:
12689:
12650:
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12468:
12423:
12378:
12335:
12218:
12192:
12034:
11976:
11823:
11772:
11470:
11423:
11376:
11307:
11233:
11119:
10793:
10688:
10607:
10520:
10466:
10317:
10232:
10173:
10128:
9761:
9558:
9394:
9038:
8896:
8812:
8751:
8647:
8495:
8418:
8160:
8111:
7842:
7787:
7722:
7662:
7619:
7481:
7227:
7149:
7094:
7045:
6738:
6602:
6549:
6362:
6133:
5985:
5915:
5844:
5787:
5732:
5685:
5640:
5585:
5539:
5481:
5401:
5298:
5258:
5221:
5143:
5094:
4982:
4874:
4791:
4739:
4680:
4233:
4109:. The name is commonly rendered in lower case ('solar system'), as, for example, in the
3732:
are not added because the individual asteroids are too small to be shown on the diagram.
3304:, the direction of the Sun's path through interstellar space, is near the constellation
2667:
2335:
Irregular satellites, which as the name implies, have less regular orbits. One of them,
2196:
23099:
22897:
22868:
22786:
22747:
22699:
22684:
22598:
22538:
22461:
22371:
22341:
22331:
22275:
22197:
21888:
21524:
21323:
21284:
21119:
21115:
21111:
20914:
20813:
20518:
20488:
20435:
20370:
20318:
20293:
20115:
19985:
19932:
19810:
19780:
19688:
19501:
18632:
18463:
18077:
17683:
17649:
17591:
17533:
17525:
17217:
16975:
16935:
16904:
16878:
16799:
16765:
16734:
16708:
16620:
16583:
16546:
16519:
16493:
16402:
16369:
16343:
16313:
16279:
16246:
16220:
16191:
16157:
16127:
16085:
16048:
16012:
15976:
15942:
15909:
15881:
15820:
15720:
15694:
15617:
15574:
15511:
15446:
15396:
15329:
15303:
15210:
15125:
15089:
15041:
15015:
14949:
14785:
14738:
14711:
Whipple, Fred L. (1992). "The activities of comets related to their aging and origin".
14557:
14489:
14453:
14326:
14285:
14142:
14114:
14077:
14049:
14011:
13983:
13905:
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13563:
13149:
13064:
13038:
12993:
12967:
12916:
12890:
12873:
12847:
12717:
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12259:
12233:
12054:
11996:
11931:
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10807:
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10542:
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9838:
9773:
9406:
9380:
9154:
8916:
8824:
8781:
8551:
8481:
8182:
8146:
8074:
8048:
7943:
7854:
7828:
7799:
7773:
7744:
7708:
7631:
7605:
7594:
Martin, Rebecca G.; Livio, Mario (2015). "The Solar System as an Exoplanetary System".
7360:
7302:
7294:
7211:
7161:
7135:
7106:
7080:
6976:
6950:
6899:
6854:
6766:
6569:
6275:
6153:
6119:
6046:
5999:
5971:
5901:
5809:
5773:
5697:
5652:
5626:
5597:
5551:
5525:
5466:
5413:
5387:
5318:
5244:
5155:
5108:
4996:
4968:
4923:
4725:
4692:
4666:
4253:
4219:
3700:
3648:
3592:
3558:
3523:
3454:
3431:
3212:, which lies at the edge of the Local Bubble. The closest star-forming regions are the
3167:
3156:
2566:
2081:
1982:
1436:
1387:
1301:
1201:, planets between one and ten times as massive as the Earth, although the hypothetical
1096:
898:
890:
657:
507:
18916:
18879:
17935:
16365:
12950:
12343:
11552:
7795:
7731:
7696:
7627:
7157:
7102:
5266:
4858:
4809:
2004:
557:
There is a strong consensus among astronomers that the Solar System has at least nine
22981:
22737:
22162:
22135:
22115:
21915:
21699:
21687:
21514:
21494:
21448:
21430:
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20806:
20605:
20590:
20567:
20511:
20279:
19975:
19545:
19487:
19278:
19167:
19093:
19028:
18757:
18302:
18023:
17909:
17687:
17675:
17616:
17595:
17469:
17423:
17221:
17209:
17123:
17113:
17086:
17073:
Copernicus, Darwin, & Freud: revolutions in the history and philosophy of science
17071:
17012:
16967:
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16667:
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16317:
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16119:
16111:
16071:
16067:
16052:
16040:
15968:
15913:
15848:
15784:
15773:
15724:
15388:
15351:
15333:
15214:
15202:
15129:
15117:
14953:
14941:
14890:
14789:
14781:
14742:
14561:
14549:
14541:
14493:
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13897:
13769:
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13679:
13642:
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13106:
12851:
12785:
12709:
12701:
12558:
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12351:
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11988:
11904:
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11784:
11727:
11702:
11692:
11669:
11331:
11319:
11143:
11131:
10849:
10811:
10714:
10546:
10534:
10189:
10056:
10018:
9599:
9458:
9410:
9366:
9309:
9125:
8920:
8908:
8828:
8773:
8677:
8543:
8499:
8473:
8339:
8329:
8217:
8207:
8078:
7958:
7926:
7899:
7803:
7748:
7736:
7697:"New extreme trans-Neptunian objects: Toward a super-Earth in the outer solar system"
7688:
7635:
7543:
7306:
7286:
7239:
7165:
7110:
7049:
7001:
6923:
6913:
6874:
6864:
6813:
6803:
6758:
6750:
6643:
6633:
6561:
6531:
6508:
6259:
6232:
6157:
5994:
5957:
5868:
5863:
5828:
5813:
5799:
5746:
5701:
5601:
5555:
5445:
5344:
5310:
5285:
5047:
5000:
4878:
4257:
4245:
4241:
4168:
3519:
3435:
3422:
3352:
3252:
3091:
3039:(a planet beyond Neptune) might exist, based on statistical variance in the orbit of
2934:
2581:
2575:(38.1â52.8 AU), although smaller than Pluto, is the largest known object in the
2486:
2432:
2265:
2215:
1923:(2.15â2.57 AU) is the third-largest object in the asteroid belt. It has its own
1914:
1786:
1755:
1698:
1465:
1383:
1290:
1205:, if it does exist, could be a super-Earth orbiting in the edge of the Solar System.
996:
665:
649:
630:
282:
22222:
18999:
17637:
17537:
16979:
16753:
16738:
16523:
16373:
16250:
15045:
14015:
13909:
13068:
12997:
12439:
12263:
12219:"Irregular Satellites of the Planets: Products of Capture in the Early Solar System"
12147:
11847:
11439:
11005:
10764:... There are many other asteroids that can come close to the orbital path of Ceres.
9777:
9093:"What are the characteristics of the Solar System that lead to the origins of life?"
8785:
8712:"MESSENGER Provides New Look at Mercury's Surprising Core and Landscape Curiosities"
8186:
7858:
6980:
6347:; Vasilyev, M. V.; Yagudina, E. I. (July 2002). "Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt".
6003:
5717:"Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets"
5656:
5572:
Gough, D. O. (November 1981). "Solar Interior Structure and Luminosity Variations".
5417:
5322:
5159:
5112:
4696:
4271:
2554:
1549:(0.72â0.73 AU) has a reflective, whitish atmosphere that is mainly composed of
968:
956:
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22887:
22565:
22518:
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22356:
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20704:
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18923:
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17782:
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17583:
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16957:
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15592:
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15363:
15321:
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14777:
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14471:
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13944:
13889:
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13725:
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12920:
12908:
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12693:
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12382:
12339:
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12058:
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11980:
11963:
11827:
11776:
11665:
11548:
11474:
11427:
11380:
11311:
11294:
11162:
11123:
11086:
11001:
10966:
10837:
10828:
10797:
10700:
10692:
10611:
10524:
10470:
10453:
10426:
10354:
10321:
10271:
10236:
10177:
10132:
10115:
10068:
10048:
9765:
9591:
9562:
9398:
9371:
9042:
9021:
Elkins-Tanton, L. T.; Smrekar, S. E.; Hess, P. C.; Parmentier, E. M. (March 2007).
8900:
8816:
8765:
8669:
8661:
8599:
8535:
8422:
8174:
8137:
8115:
8066:
7921:
7846:
7791:
7726:
7623:
7485:
7278:
7231:
7153:
7098:
7040:. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series. Vol. 74. p. 83.
6972:
6968:
6846:
6770:
6742:
6725:
6606:
6589:
6573:
6553:
6536:
6384:
6366:
6349:
6344:
6254:
6145:
6137:
6056:
5989:
5919:
5858:
5848:
5791:
5736:
5689:
5644:
5589:
5543:
5405:
5302:
5262:
5147:
5127:
5098:
4986:
4933:
4805:
4743:
4684:
4278:. Research Consortium On Nearby Stars, Georgia State University. 7 September 2007.
4237:
3662:
3538:
3534:
3439:
3386:
3378:
3348:
3260:
3232:
3148:
2879:
2746:
2326:
2256:(18.3â20.1 AU), uniquely among the planets, orbits the Sun on its side as its
2089:
2050:
2024:, compared to the inner planets Earth, Venus, Mars, and Mercury at the bottom right
1944:
1906:
1557:
in the atmosphere. The planet lacks a protective magnetic field to protect against
1510:
1485:
1446:
1348:
1329:
1174:
1043:
1020:
936:, and comets) together comprise less than 0.002% of the Solar System's total mass.
889:
Astronomers sometimes divide the Solar System structure into separate regions. The
870:
673:
637:
511:
398:
166:
118:
16787:
15716:
15325:
14036:
Sheppard, Scott S.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Tholen, David J.; Kaib, Nathan (2019).
12091:
11831:
11796:
9063:"How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? | NASA Space Place â NASA Science for Kids"
8847:"How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? | NASA Space Place â NASA Science for Kids"
8070:
6031:
Aungwerojwit, Amornrat; GĂ€nsicke, Boris T; Dhillon, Vikram S; et al. (2024).
4412:
3426:, which enabled accurate computations of the positions of the then-known planets.
3224:; the latter lies just beyond the Local Bubble and is part of the Radcliffe wave.
2811:
The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the
1789:
have orbits that approach relatively close to Earth's orbit, and some of them are
22752:
22555:
22424:
22268:
22239:
22180:
22175:
22050:
21778:
21743:
21677:
21623:
21618:
21563:
21373:
21264:
20871:
20546:
20463:
20401:
20356:
20300:
19907:
19805:
19713:
19604:
19582:
19379:
19323:
19313:
19103:
19083:
19052:
19040:
18994:
18982:
18886:
18869:
18829:
18807:
18802:
18210:
17463:
17375:
17078:
16605:
15294:
14696:
14665:
14161:
13949:
13924:
13206:
13171:
13083:
12843:
12608:
12554:
12476:
12200:
12121:
12016:"Cassini Imaging Science: Initial Results on Saturn's Rings and Small Satellites"
12015:
11431:
10430:
10181:
10100:
9897:
9725:
9714:
9402:
9062:
8846:
7573:
7537:
7535:
6895:
6721:"Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binaryâplanet gravitational encounter"
6183:
4558:
4528:
4125:
4106:
3603:
3585:
3569:
3565:
3554:
3462:
3446:
3427:
3413:
3320:
2867:
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2506:
2273:
2230:
2162:
2150:
2123:
2119:
2104:
2100:
1749:
1663:
1616:
1481:
1312:
galaxy. It has a higher abundance of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium ("
1059:
853:
712:
468:
391:
343:
18370:
18336:
13701:
13185:
Tancredi, G.; Favre, S. A. (2008). "Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?".
11891:
8665:
5693:
3613:
in 2006, hence the demotion of Pluto to a dwarf planet, and further interest in
3082:
2431:
Orbit classification of Kuiper belt objects. Some clusters that is subjected to
1464:
The four terrestrial or inner planets have dense, rocky compositions, few or no
22975:
22951:
22814:
22580:
22419:
22246:
22217:
22192:
22125:
21814:
21682:
21568:
21470:
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21084:
20718:
20651:
20553:
19891:
19671:
19661:
19599:
19462:
19389:
19350:
19271:
19244:
19098:
19072:
18962:
18933:
18911:
18901:
18891:
18844:
17587:
16107:
16035:
15998:
15904:
15867:
15843:
15806:
15639:
15112:
15075:
14536:
14509:
14476:
14439:
14309:
14137:
14096:
14072:
14037:
14006:
13965:
13729:
11863:"Geology of the Icy Galilean Satellites: A Framework for Compositional Studies"
11159:
VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of D>100 km asteroids: Final results and synthesis
10963:
VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of D>100 km asteroids: Final results and synthesis
9305:
Radioecology: Sources and Consequences of Ionising Radiation in the Environment
9023:"Volcanism and volatile recycling on a one-plate planet: Applications to Venus"
8603:
6850:
6404:
5795:
4116:
4087:
3729:
3599:
3581:
3470:
3390:
3327:
3313:
3182:
3133:
2953:
2812:
2604:
2494:
2482:
2378:
2365:
2332:
Regular satellites, which have circular orbits that lie near Neptune's equator.
2303:
2295:
2287:
2280:
2234:
2207:
2203:
2115:
2073:
2054:
1962:
1934:
1745:
1671:
1647:
1600:
1554:
1550:
1489:
1469:
1317:
1255:
1190:
1089:
940:
834:
805:
774:
716:
402:
130:
17734:
17299:
16900:
16301:
16179:
15928:
15670:; Bibring, J. P.; Blanc, M.; Barucci, M. A.; Roques, F.; Zarka, P. H. (2004).
13966:"Discovery of a Satellite of the Large Trans-Neptunian Object (225088) 2007 OR
13343:
12810:"The Mutual Orbit, Mass, and Density of Transneptunian Binary GÇkĂșnÇÊŒhĂČmdĂmĂ (
10841:
10696:
10052:
9583:
9567:
9542:
8820:
8685:
7978:
7489:
6720:
6647:
6141:
6018:"Giant red stars may heat frozen worlds into habitable planets - NASA Science"
5103:
5078:
3453:
independently discovered that Jupiter had four satellites in orbit around it.
2987:
23109:
22766:
22560:
22523:
22491:
22366:
22075:
21898:
21869:
21847:
21465:
21438:
21415:
21316:
21164:
21019:
20776:
19990:
19970:
19550:
19283:
19266:
19087:
19004:
18967:
18938:
18928:
18896:
18874:
18854:
18817:
18790:
18785:
18780:
18009:
17913:
17739:
17679:
17213:
17205:
17127:
16971:
16795:
16425:
16388:
16268:; et al. (2020). "A Galactic-scale gas wave in the solar neighborhood".
16115:
16044:
15929:"A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri"
15852:
15534:
15469:
15347:
15145:"Our solar system may have a hidden planet beyond Neptune â no, not that one"
15121:
15076:"C/2014 UN 271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein): The Nearly Spherical Cow of Comets"
14945:
14545:
14485:
14382:
14317:
13737:
13449:
13110:
12705:
11706:
10538:
10241:
10060:
9819:
9735:
9603:
8912:
8777:
8620:
8547:
8343:
7740:
7692:
7290:
7243:
6903:
6878:
6754:
6625:
5924:
4938:
4909:
4882:
4748:
4249:
3804:
3800:
3721:
3507:
3466:
3297:
3256:
3025:
2942:
2878:, are thought to originate in the Oort cloud. Many comet groups, such as the
2591:
2561:, and rotates so quickly (once every 3.9 hours) that it is stretched into an
2558:
2516:
2336:
2291:
2269:
2241:
2211:
2188:
2173:
2131:
1924:
1898:
1820:
1809:
1704:
1693:
1687:
1639:
1620:
1562:
1441:
1379:
1336:
1321:
1267:
1004:
976:
orbiting. This animation is 100 times faster than the inner planet animation.
894:
786:
622:
551:
16962:
16671:
15927:
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016).
14095:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl (12 September 2018).
13925:"Surface composition of the largest dwarf planet 136199 Eris (2003 UB{313})"
13893:
13745:
12042:
11903:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 263â280.
11780:
11219:
11127:
10325:
9629:
8673:
8221:
6061:
6032:
5306:
4330:
4155:
3136:, which is about 4.4 light-years away and may be in the Local Bubble's
23087:
22826:
22451:
22446:
22346:
22229:
22212:
22170:
22140:
22130:
22065:
21948:
21893:
21874:
21854:
21832:
21824:
21667:
21660:
21499:
21420:
21403:
21269:
20732:
20711:
20068:
19845:
19800:
19457:
19340:
19234:
19174:
19157:
18977:
18955:
18906:
18864:
18849:
18834:
18700:
18659:
18624:
18019:
16697:
Reid, M. J.; Brunthaler, A. (2004). "The Proper Motion of Sagittarius A*".
16309:
16187:
16123:
15972:
15563:"No Evidence for Orbital Clustering in the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects"
15431:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl (1 September 2021).
15392:
15206:
14576:
14335:
14038:"A New High Perihelion Trans-Plutonian Inner Oort Cloud Object: 2015 TG387"
13901:
13704:"A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit"
13611:
12713:
12562:
12386:
12050:
11992:
11839:
11809:
11788:
11385:
11346:
11323:
11135:
11035:
10743:
10474:
10136:
9987:"Are Kuiper Belt Objects asteroids? Are large Kuiper Belt Objects planets?"
8681:
8624:
8178:
6817:
6762:
6693:
6610:
6565:
6370:
5872:
5853:
5750:
5314:
4991:
4954:
4099:
3482:
3474:
3458:
3450:
3398:
3201:
3171:
3141:
2544:
2510:
2452:
2427:
2322:
2299:
2226:
2192:
2108:
2096:
1999:
1974:
1927:
1894:
1520:
1170:
1108:
973:
961:
873:, returning some of the material that formed the Sunâbut now enriched with
723:
558:
484:
439:
360:
293:
213:
90:
18246:
18045:"NASA planning to spend up to $ 1 billion on space station deorbit module"
17636:
Bhatnagar, Siddharth; Vyasanakere, Jayanth P.; Murthy, Jayant (May 2021).
17107:
16952:
14968:"ESA scientist discovers a way to shortlist stars that might have planets"
13429:
10395:
9915:
surface from Stickney appear to be surface fractures caused by the impact.
8319:
6927:
5212:
Irvine, W. M. (1983). "The chemical composition of the pre-solar nebula".
5040:
4910:"On the local and global properties of gravitational spheres of influence"
4712:"Past the outer rim, into the unknown: structures beyond the Kuiper Cliff"
3181:
The Local Bubble is a small superbubble compared to the neighboring wider
1039:, but the planetary system can change chaotically over billions of years.
46:
22742:
22414:
22406:
22396:
22376:
22351:
22280:
22202:
21958:
21933:
21928:
21842:
21802:
21763:
21728:
21711:
21706:
21378:
21217:
21107:
20799:
20109:
20103:
19886:
19874:
19869:
19820:
19795:
19765:
19760:
19708:
19703:
19528:
19442:
19401:
19362:
19239:
19064:
18987:
18950:
18839:
17900:
Corum, Jonathan; Gröndahl, Mika; Parshina-Kottas, Yuliya (13 July 2015).
16713:
16651:
16498:
15997:
Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Redfield, Seth; Tilipman, Dennis (20 November 2019).
15597:
15562:
15020:
14936:
14911:
14350:
13558:
13533:
13043:
12972:
12895:
12641:
12414:
12238:
11167:
10971:
10802:
10777:
10615:
9595:
9145:
9047:
9022:
8769:
8539:
8427:
8400:
8314:
Fraknoi, Andrew; Morrison, David; Wolff, Sidney C.; et al. (2022) .
8201:
8151:
7833:
6955:
6280:
5648:
5530:
5392:
4671:
3725:
3602:
in the 1960s and 1970s and will return to the Moon in the 2020s with the
3417:
3382:
3175:
3170:
exist in the region within 300 light-years of the Sun, known as the
3071:
3036:
3029:
3004:
2978:
2904:
2843:
2791:
2775:
2732:
2688:
2687:(red, brown and cyan) along with the predicted orbit of the hypothetical
2672:
2527:
of gravity above their surfaces (i.e. they appear to "orbit each other").
2498:
2420:
2410:
2374:
2222:
2134:. They are the largest moons of Jupiter and exhibit planetary properties.
1872:
1845:
1686:
internal structure, and lost its magnetosphere 4 billion years ago.
1675:
1608:
1501:
1371:
1340:
1313:
1259:
1234:
1202:
1198:
1135:
along with that of the other terrestrial planets would be smaller than a
1120:
902:
874:
866:
790:
645:
626:
488:
380:
17317:
17285:. Vol. 2004. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3â26.
16072:"Star formation near the Sun is driven by expansion of the Local Bubble"
15964:
15384:
13641:
Parker, A. H.; Buie, M. W.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S. (25 April 2016).
12697:
11984:
11315:
10705:
9341:
8555:
7409:"LuleÄ Àr Sedna. I alla fall om vÄr sol motsvaras av Globen i Stockholm"
6797:
6746:
6557:
5741:
5716:
5631:
4498:
4442:
1591:, which is the result of the presence of life. The planet has a complex
1003:
direction, matching the direction of planetary rotation; Neptune's moon
22963:
22326:
22023:
21996:
21973:
21953:
21938:
21790:
21694:
21672:
21650:
21645:
21509:
20769:
20746:
20226:
20128:
20075:
19815:
19394:
18972:
18167:
was created from a revision of this article dated 31 May 2021
17934:
McCartney, Gretchen; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna (7 September 2018).
17871:"NASA's Parker Solar Probe becomes first spacecraft to 'touch' the sun"
17671:
17529:
17459:
17455:
17371:
17182:"Simon Marius's Mundus Iovialis: 400th Anniversary in Galileo's Shadow"
15232:
14734:
13534:"Let It Go: Geophysically Driven Ejection of the Haumea Family Members"
12735:
9870:
9748:
Nimmo, Francis; Tanaka, Ken (2005). "Early Crustal Evolution of Mars".
9187:. UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Archived from
6149:
5593:
3515:
3473:
of a planet (more ideally using the transit of Venus) could be used to
3301:
3282:
3190:
3063:
3021:
3016:
2996:
2919:
2762:
2676:
2524:
2502:
2257:
2038:
1910:
1643:
1635:
1604:
1536:
1524:
1493:
1352:
1305:
1247:
1243:
1155:
1025:
948:, and it lies at roughly five times the Earth's distance from the Sun.
801:
676:, is 4.25 light-years (269,000 AU) away. Both stars belong to the
661:
641:
124:
22837:
17753:"50th Anniversary of OAO 2: NASA's 1st Successful Stellar Observatory"
17713:
Clemence, G. M. (1947). "The Relativity Effect in Planetary Motions".
15866:
Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Redfield, Seth; Tilipman, Dennis (November 2019).
15495:
15430:
14553:
14374:
14094:
13250:
11345:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl (21 May 2017).
11344:
11198:
9539:
7298:
7235:
5017:
4709:
3265:
3003:
of the Solar System, including a depiction of the much further inside
2339:, is Neptune's largest moon. It is geologically active, with erupting
2045:, as in chemical compounds with melting points of up to a few hundred
1316:" in astronomical parlance) than the older population II stars in the
1216:. Although there are attempts to explain it partly with a bias in the
22914:
22892:
22513:
22361:
22145:
22110:
22105:
22100:
22060:
22013:
22003:
21797:
21773:
21748:
21655:
21606:
21539:
21529:
21504:
21477:
21453:
21388:
21234:
21177:
21129:
20864:
20191:
20089:
20082:
19511:
19477:
19308:
19229:
19152:
19147:
19118:
18859:
18812:
18681:
18664:
18049:
16162:
15496:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl (1 May 2022).
15198:
10503:
Tedesco, Edward F.; Cellino, Alberto; ZappalĂĄ, Vincenzo (June 2005).
8904:
4825:"NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space"
3749:
3553:, a planet interior of Mercury, but these attempts were quashed with
3344:
3290:
3274:
3194:
3152:
3145:
2896:
2821:
2712:
2562:
2184:
2127:
2034:
1837:
1770:
1766:
1612:
1497:
1477:
1309:
1294:
1286:
1119:, 40 km (25 mi) away, whereas the farthest current object,
1112:
858:
739:
677:
614:
539:
527:
100:
19113:
17988:"Parker Solar Probe Changed the Game Before it Even Launched - NASA"
14506:
6106:
Gesicki, K.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Miller Bertolami, M. M. (7 May 2018).
5151:
4472:
2707:
This population is divided into three subgroups by astronomers. The
2519:, the largest of Pluto's moons, is sometimes described as part of a
1783:
are those that cross the orbit of Venus. There are 2,809 as of 2015.
1496:
substantial enough to generate weather; all have impact craters and
1046:
of the Solar System is a measure of the total amount of orbital and
22506:
22207:
21881:
21640:
21613:
21190:
21151:
20142:
19980:
19447:
19303:
19288:
19023:
18730:
18578:
18226:
17654:
16770:
16730:
16515:
16407:
16348:
16284:
16225:
16090:
16017:
15947:
15886:
15825:
15699:
15622:
15579:
15516:
15451:
15308:
15094:
15037:
14458:
14119:
14054:
13988:
13661:
13154:
12989:
12912:
12526:"Triton's Geyser-Like Plumes: Discovery and Basic Characterization"
12431:
11899:. In Fran Bagenal; Timothy E. Dowling; William B. McKinnon (eds.).
11528:
11479:
11454:
11367:
10529:
10504:
10223:
10035:
9385:
8486:
8325:
8120:
8093:
8053:
7850:
7778:
7713:
7610:
7282:
6124:
6051:
5906:
5547:
5409:
4928:
4730:
4688:
3514:
The term "Solar System" entered the English language by 1704, when
2738:
Currently, there is one ETNO that is classified as a dwarf planet:
2572:
1943:
are bodies located in within another body's gravitationally stable
1920:
1833:
1720:
1584:
1415:
1411:
1344:
1325:
1031:
981:
933:
602:
582:
247:
22924:
16883:
16588:
16551:
16138:
15433:"Peculiar orbits and asymmetries in extreme trans-Neptunian space"
12680:
11414:
10164:
9020:
7140:
7085:
5976:
5778:
5249:
5180:"Lecture 13: The Nebular Theory of the origin of the Solar System"
4973:
4908:
Souami, D; Cresson, J; Biernacki, C; Pierret, F (21 August 2020).
4777:
4224:
3591:
accelerating when flyby planets in the outer Solar System and the
2778:, a region of space dominated by the Sun, has its boundary at the
2343:
of nitrogen gas, and possesses a thin, cloudy nitrogen atmosphere.
1124:
22781:
22256:
22018:
21785:
21738:
21721:
21716:
21635:
19384:
19372:
19298:
18691:
18669:
18544:
18529:
17566:
Bourtembourg, René (2013). "Was Uranus Observed by Hipparchos?".
15926:
15073:
14437:
14409:"Cassini's Big Sky: The View from the Center of Our Solar System"
13963:
11251:. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. pp. 273â287.
10670:"The violent collisional history of aqueously evolved (2) Pallas"
9818:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
9734:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
9265:
8401:"Modeling the heliospheric current sheet: Solar cycle variations"
5670:
Chrysostomou, A.; Lucas, P. W. (2005). "The Formation of Stars".
5465:
Nagasawa, M.; Thommes, E. W.; Kenyon, S. J.; et al. (2007).
5214:
Cometary exploration; Proceedings of the International Conference
4710:
de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (January 2024).
3542:
3457:
followed on from these observations by discovering Saturn's moon
3312:. The plane of the ecliptic lies at an angle of about 60° to the
3137:
3125:
2965:, and was probably created by collisions within the Kuiper belt.
2913:
The planets, zodiacal light and meteor shower (top left of image)
2750:
2728:
2490:
2316:
2169:
2063:
2021:
2009:
1888:
1868:
1829:
1679:
1596:
1592:
1531:. In the past, Mercury was volcanically active, producing smooth
1016:
901:
includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and the bodies in the
547:
531:
351:
201:
186:
21263:
18404:
18251:
13703:
12171:
11758:
11246:
10862:
10015:
8037:
6845:
6339:
6030:
5715:
Gomes, R.; Levison, H. F.; Tsiganis, K.; Morbidelli, A. (2005).
3343:
on Earth. Spiral arms are home to a far larger concentration of
3339:
The Solar System's location in the Milky Way is a factor in the
1879:
material such as water are erupted onto the surface, as seen in
1492:. Three of the four inner planets (Venus, Earth, and Mars) have
848:
The current Sun compared to its peak size in the red-giant phase
844:
22902:
22771:
22759:
21978:
21864:
21038:
20894:
19825:
19016:
19011:
18725:
18720:
18686:
18674:
18619:
18571:
18564:
18539:
18534:
18413:
16270:
16148:
16076:
15933:
12629:
11643:
11641:
11529:"Further investigations of random models of Uranus and Neptune"
11522:
11520:
10824:
10300:
6105:
3703: â Phrase used to remember the planets of the Solar System
3530:
3058:. Most of the mass is orbiting in the region between 3,000 and
2938:
2926:
2882:, formed from the breakup of a single parent. Some comets with
2587:
2550:
2340:
2251:
2144:
2085:
2046:
2017:
2013:
1902:
1864:
1848:, a precursor stage before becoming a fully-formed planet (see
1738:
1588:
1539:
particles and ejected atoms. Mercury has no natural satellites.
1532:
1528:
1356:
1347:, the Sun radiates a continuous stream of charged particles (a
1251:
1100:
578:
574:
550:). All terrestrial planets have solid surfaces. Inversely, all
543:
535:
503:
242:
237:
196:
191:
20968:
18101:"A Wild 'Interstellar Probe' Mission Idea Is Gaining Momentum"
17044:
Rufus, W. C. (1923). "The astronomical system of Copernicus".
15803:
15356:"A Sedna-like Body with a Perihelion of 80 Astronomical Units"
10775:
10202:
7536:
Robert T. Pappalardo; William B. McKinnon; K. Khurana (2009).
6295:
6293:
6291:
5714:
4529:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 225088 Gonggong (2007 OR10)"
4362:"HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)"
2870:: a long tail of gas and dust often visible to the naked eye.
19142:
18715:
18647:
18642:
18557:
18512:
18507:
18261:
16330:
15684:
14997:
Landgraf, M.; Liou, J.-C.; Zook, H. A.; GrĂŒn, E. (May 2002).
14282:
13758:
13082:
Dotto, E.; Barucci, M. A.; Fulchignoni, M. (1 January 2003).
11892:
Sheppard, Scott S.; Jewitt, David C.; Porco, Carolyn (2004).
11617:
NASA Ames Research Center; California Institute of Technology
10446:"The Primordial Excitation and Clearing of the Asteroid Belt"
6863:(Advanced ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
6802:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. p. 82.
5337:"3. Present Understanding of the Origin of Planetary Systems"
4907:
4075:
3573:
3478:
3007:(inset); the sizes of objects are over-scaled for visibility.
2838:
2476:
2180:
1570:
1544:
1516:
1454:
1450:
1394:. The largest stable structure within the heliosphere is the
1092:, but ongoing discoveries have invalidated these hypotheses.
699:
606:
570:
519:
515:
460:
304:
232:
176:
171:
20160:
18256:
17899:
14909:
11638:
11527:
Podolak, M.; Podolak, J. I.; Marley, M. S. (February 2000).
11517:
5827:
Malhotra, R.; Holman, Matthew; Ito, Takashi (October 2001).
5464:
3606:. Discoveries in the 20th and 21st century has prompted the
3595:
decelerating closer towards the Sun after flyby with Venus.
3308:
in the direction of the current location of the bright star
2029:
extremely low melting points, such as hydrogen, helium, and
1575:(0.98â1.02 AU) is the only place in the universe where
1029:, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its
893:
includes Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and the bodies in the
660:. The outermost region of the Solar System is the theorized
22120:
21339:
18768:
18652:
18517:
17940:
16621:"Period of the Sun's Orbit around the Galaxy (Cosmic Year)"
15666:
14586:
13531:
13477:"IAUC 8812: Sats OF 2003 AZ_84, (50000), (55637),, (90482)"
12519:
10391:
8471:
7509:
6623:
6410:
6288:
4301:
3681:
List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System
3309:
2930:
2684:
2261:
2030:
1733:
Asteroids except for the largest, Ceres, are classified as
1657:
1631:
1576:
1458:
1332:
because the planets formed from the accretion of "metals".
1136:
523:
181:
23082:
22821:
17635:
15920:
14035:
13922:
12446:
12014:
Porco, C. C.; Baker, E.; Barbara, J.; et al. (2005).
10667:
10589:
10149:
8958:(PhD thesis). Southwest Research Institute. Archived from
8798:
8580:
4859:"Gravitational Spheres of the Major Planets, Moon and Sun"
3293:
population of stars orbiting close to the galactic plane.
3035:
As of the 2020s, a few astronomers have hypothesized that
2723:
by Neptune and still interact with the giant planets. The
2161:
capable of producing weak auroras. As of 2024, Saturn has
927:
The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a
22486:
21064:
20336:
18497:
17112:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 12, 27.
16751:
16263:
16144:
15503:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
13025:
12216:
11156:
10960:
10668:
Marsset, M.; BroĆŸ, M.; Vernazza, P.; et al. (2020).
10416:
10210:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
6997:
Introduction to the Maths and Physics of the Solar System
6940:
6663:"Planet found orbiting its star backwards for first time"
6033:"Long-term variability in debris transiting white dwarfs"
5476:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 639â654.
4717:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
4446:
3449:
publicized the use of the telescope in astronomy; he and
2863:
1229:
707:, out of which Earth and other Solar System bodies formed
652:
from the Sun, the solar wind is halted, resulting in the
456:
152:
53:
21308:
17841:"Hayabusa 2 probe begins journey to land on an asteroid"
17810:"This Is What It Sounded Like When We Landed on a Comet"
17109:
Pierre Gassendi and the Birth of Early Modern Philosophy
16208:
14758:"Meteorite and meteoroid: new comprehensive definitions"
14101:
as an Outlier among the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects"
11960:
10760:
Ceres is (or now we can say it was) the largest asteroid
9963:. International Astronomical Union. 2006. Archived from
9243:"What Percentage of the Earth's Land Surface is Desert?"
8313:
4606:. Interstellar Probe Project. NASA. 2000. Archived from
4335:
The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center
2815:
of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as
2072:, with giant storms swirling on the surface such as the
1729:
Overview of the inner Solar System up to Jupiter's orbit
808:
between planetisimals and the gas giants caused each to
18237:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 157â158.
16539:
Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, Supplementi
16537:
Gerhard, O. (2011). "Pattern speeds in the Milky Way".
16065:
15291:
13081:
10592:"Ceres, Vesta, and Pallas: Protoplanets, Not Asteroids"
10443:
10112:
9365:
8891:(7). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 473â477.
8876:
Lebonnois, Sebastien; Schubert, Gerald (26 June 2017).
8736:
7434:
17414:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 3â16.
17342:
15996:
15865:
14756:
Rubin, Alan E.; Grossman, Jeffrey N. (February 2010).
14510:"A Three-dimensional Map of the Heliosphere from IBEX"
13431:
Dawn of Small Worlds: Dwarf planets, asteroids, comets
13091:
Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana Supplementi
13084:"Beyond Neptune, the new frontier of the Solar System"
12948:
12807:
12497:. Carnegie Institution for Science. 23 February 2024.
11647:
11583:
Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System
11526:
9203:
4955:"Two estimates of the distance to the Galactic Centre"
4654:
4150:
For more classifications of Solar System objects, see
3174:. The latter feature is an hourglass-shaped cavity or
3090:, with the different regions and their distances on a
3048:
dominate the gravitational forces of surrounding stars
1666:
in Martian soil, and the polar regions are covered in
1619:
that formed the continental masses. Earth's planetary
1599:
system, with conditions differing drastically between
1051:
with a possibly significant contribution from comets.
23035:
16386:
13138:
12358:
11291:
11161:(Report). Astronomy & Astrophysics. p. A56.
10965:(Report). Astronomy & Astrophysics. p. A56.
10502:
10355:"NEO Basics â Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs)"
9513:. In Richard D. Johnson & Charles Holbrow (ed.).
9511:"Chapter 5, Appendix J: Impact Upon Lunar Atmosphere"
8986:"Climate Change as a Regulator of Tectonics on Venus"
7816:
6083:. Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
5012:
5010:
4053:
4026:
3999:
3972:
3815:
3785:
3385:, astronomers from Europe to India believed Earth to
3243:
of the Sun, potentially disrupting the Solar System.
3112:
List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups
1488:âand metals such as iron and nickel which form their
1180:
502:
The largest objects that orbit the Sun are the eight
17936:"Legacy of NASA's Dawn, Near the End of its Mission"
17933:
17406:
Festou, M. C.; Keller, H. U.; Weaver, H. A. (2004).
15660:
14996:
13858:
13640:
12868:
12452:
12399:
10996:
10994:
9150:"Earth's Oxygen: A Mystery Easy to Take for Granted"
7353:"The Thousand-Yard Model: or, Earth as a Peppercorn"
7328:. Ask Astro. Vol. 30, no. 10. p. 70.
7123:
6894:
6497:
Weissman, Paul Robert; Johnson, Torrence V. (2007).
5955:
3624:
3580:). To save on fuel, some space missions make use of
3140:. Alpha Centauri A and B are a closely tied pair of
2272:
and erratic cloud formation. As of 2024, Uranus has
1973:
The outer region of the Solar System is home to the
1793:
because they might collide with Earth in the future.
1701:
that is roughly 4.5 km (2.8 mi) in radius.
1583:
are known to exist. Earth's atmosphere contains 78%
1406:
The inner Solar System is the region comprising the
636:
The Solar System is constantly flooded by the Sun's
17283:
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
16653:
Classical Mechanics: Point particles and relativity
16380:
15611:
10865:"Dawn Data Reveal Ceres' Complex Crustal Evolution"
10444:Petit, J.-M.; Morbidelli, A.; Chambers, J. (2001).
9486:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology.
9210:Carlowicz, Michael; Simmon, Robert (15 July 2019).
8615:
8613:
8094:"On the Two Oosterhoff Groups of Globular Clusters"
6461:
6459:
5467:"The Diverse Origins of Terrestrial-Planet Systems"
5083:
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
3319:The Sun follows a nearly circular orbit around the
2766:
Diagram of the Sun's magnetosphere and helioshealth
1603:. The solid surface of Earth is dominated by green
1343:, which spans much of the Solar System. Along with
944:volatile substances could coalesce is known as the
61:(true color, size to scale, distances not to scale)
20984:
17405:
17343:
15775:Planets Beyond: Discovering the Outer Solar System
15404:
13213:
12483:
11393:
10634:
10019:"The Main Belt Comets and ice in the Solar System"
8472:Del Genio, Anthony D.; Brain, David; Noack, Lena;
7942:
7459:
6719:Agnor, Craig B.; Hamilton, Douglas P. (May 2006).
5956:Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert (May 2008).
5007:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4209:
4066:
4039:
4012:
3985:
3956:
3791:
3155:was found to be orbiting Proxima Centauri, called
2968:
2656:
2389:Beyond the orbit of Neptune lies the area of the "
1758:, that is, asteroids that orbit larger asteroids.
999:. Most of the larger moons orbit their planets in
21018:
21000:
17468:. New York: Random House. pp. 26â27, 37â38.
17277:Chapman, Allan (April 2005). Kurtz, D. W. (ed.).
16394:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
15438:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
14199:
14031:
14029:
14027:
14025:
13768:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 259â273.
13328:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 335â344.
12657:
12013:
11901:Jupiter. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere
11607:
11355:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
10991:
10294:
8875:
7411:. Norrbotten Kuriren (in Swedish). Archived from
6799:National Geographic Picture Atlas of Our Universe
6530:
6038:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
5963:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
5893:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
5826:
5669:
4960:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
4915:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2983:List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion
2443:The Kuiper belt can be roughly divided into the "
2092:, which can roughly be sorted into three groups:
1756:asteroids have natural satellites that orbit them
964:orbiting. Each frame represents 2 days of motion.
23107:
17963:"Basics of Spaceflight: A Gravity Assist Primer"
17408:"A brief conceptual history of cometary science"
17152:
17008:Truth Or Beauty: Science and the Quest for Order
16829:
16827:
16825:
15807:"Mixing Interstellar Clouds Surrounding the Sun"
15346:
14575:Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (24 June 2002).
13397:
13309:
13307:
13305:
11455:"Size distribution of faint L4 Trojan asteroids"
10640:
8610:
7687:
7465:
7038:Progress in the Search for Extraterrestrial Life
7031:
7029:
6796:Gallant, Roy A. (1980). Sedeen, Margaret (ed.).
6456:
6335:
6333:
5509:
5472:. In Reipurth, B.; Jewitt, D.; Keil, K. (eds.).
4465:
4078:epoch.) The result of the calculation is 60.19°.
3740:
3738:
3676:Lists of geological features of the Solar System
2700:are at least 150â250 AU wide. For example,
923:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
18457:
14825:. IAU Commission F1. 30 April 2017. p. 2.
14574:
13219:
12874:"Satellites of the Largest Kuiper Belt Objects"
11608:Lissauer, Jack J.; Stevenson, David J. (2006).
11452:
11399:
10818:
10087:
9533:
9209:
8629:"Tectonic Evolution of the Terrestrial Planets"
8206:(3rd ed.). Berlin: Springer. p. 150.
8091:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7505:"The Solar System and Beyond is Awash in Water"
7035:
6496:
5958:"Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited"
5886:Raymond, Sean; et al. (27 November 2023).
5833:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4952:
4592:
4559:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2015 TG387)"
4389:
3407:a mathematically predictive heliocentric system
2890:
2715:around 38â45 AU and an exceptionally high
2149:(9.08â10.12 AU) has a distinctive visible
1812:occupies a torus-shaped region between 2.3 and
932:terrestrial planets, the dwarf planets, moons,
23131:Planetary systems with eight confirmed planets
17927:
17254:. The European Space Agency. 8 December 2012.
16696:
16481:
16387:Raymond, Sean N.; et al. (January 2024).
14889:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 13â32.
14885:. In Murad, Edmond; Williams, Iwan P. (eds.).
14022:
13702:B. E. Morgado; et al. (8 February 2023).
12803:
12801:
12364:
12212:
12210:
12167:
12165:
11954:
11028:
10906:Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
9308:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 94â97.
9176:
9124:(97th ed.). CRC Press. p. 14-3.
9095:. NASA Science (Big Questions). Archived from
8254:"Voyager Enters Solar System's Final Frontier"
7900:"The origin and evolution of the solar system"
7503:Dyches, Preston; Chou, Felcia (7 April 2015).
7117:
6526:
6524:
6299:
6233:"The origin and evolution of the solar system"
5444:(9th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Pearson.
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
4953:Francis, Charles; Anderson, Erik (June 2014).
4724:(1) (published 20 September 2023): L110âL114.
3159:, the closest confirmed exoplanet to the Sun.
3046:The Sun's gravitational field is estimated to
1901:found on Earth. Vesta's surface, dominated by
1139:(0.3 mm or 0.012 in) at this scale.
656:. This is the boundary of the Solar System to
22853:
21324:
20954:
20176:
18618:
18429:
18099:Spaceflight, Leonard David (9 January 2019).
18064:
17503:"Transits of Venus and the Astronomical Unit"
17155:Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
16822:
15340:
15176:
14999:"Origins of Solar System Dust beyond Jupiter"
14755:
14348:
14200:Fahr, H. J.; Kausch, T.; Scherer, H. (2000).
14088:
13957:
13864:
13836:"List of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects"
13616:"Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 136472"
13525:
13479:. International Astronomical Union Circular.
13302:
13184:
13178:
12312:
12294:"New images yield clues to seasons of Uranus"
11338:
11222:Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
10932:"Confirmed: Ceres Has a Transient Atmosphere"
10347:
9825:
9750:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
9138:
7496:
7026:
6718:
6586:
6330:
6309:Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii
5951:
5949:
5947:
5125:
4852:
4850:
3735:
3405:was the first person known to have developed
3365:Discovery and exploration of the Solar System
3144:, whereas the closest star to Sun, the small
2360:The centaurs are icy comet-like bodies whose
2244:is the largest irregular satellite of Saturn.
2078:Jupiter possesses a very strong magnetosphere
2041:, meaning they are significantly composed of
1754:based on their orbital characteristics. Some
1623:shields the surface from radiation, limiting
625:(between Mars's and Jupiter's orbit) and the
475:. The Sun is a typical star that maintains a
18036:
17565:
16864:
16438:
16436:
13695:
13634:
13365:
12767:
12765:
11446:
10769:
10661:
10303:"Origin and Evolution of Near-Earth Objects"
9658:
9359:
8480:. University of Arizona Press. p. 420.
7578:
7542:. University of Arizona Press. p. 658.
7269:Phillips, J. P. (1965). "Kepler's Echinus".
5764:Crida, A. (2009). "Solar System Formation".
4325:
4323:
4179:
4177:
4118:Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary
3358:
2827:
21216:
18098:
17454:
16449:. Cambridge University Press. p. 264.
16070:; Alves, JoĂŁo; et al. (January 2022).
15489:
15424:
14714:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
14663:
14657:
14515:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
13604:
12798:
12663:
12598:
12513:
12226:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
12217:Jewitt, David; Haghighipour, Nader (2007).
12207:
12162:
12140:
11726:. Cambridge University Press. p. 293.
11099:
11058:
10373:
10143:
9747:
9741:
9547:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
9117:
8730:
8619:
8251:
7761:
7593:
6943:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
6860:The Mechanical Universe: Mechanics and Heat
6617:
6521:
5440:Bennett, Jeffrey O. (2020). "Chapter 8.2".
5424:
5375:
2264:color, but underneath these clouds contain
1650:with particle densities of under 10 per cm.
1335:The region of space dominated by the Solar
1277:, where the type designation refers to its
690:Formation and evolution of the Solar System
385:1.1 pc (230,000 AU) â 0.865 pc (178,419 AU)
22860:
22846:
21331:
21317:
21096:K-type main-sequence star B (Toliman)
20961:
20947:
20183:
20169:
18436:
18422:
17775:
13427:
13220:Fajans, J.; FriĂšdland, L. (October 2001).
12740:"Journey to the Solar System's Third Zone"
12007:
11860:
11213:
11195:"Athena: A SmallSat Mission to (2) Pallas"
11105:
11064:
11000:
10899:
10266:
10264:
9634:Mars Education at Arizona State University
9234:
8247:
8245:
8243:
8199:
8134:
7891:
7502:
7212:"The Early History of the Titius-Bode Law"
7068:
6993:
6912:. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
6273:
5944:
5173:
5171:
5169:
4856:
4847:
4816:
3598:Humans have landed on the Moon during the
2757:
2266:many mysteries about its climate phenomena
1149:Planetary habitability in the Solar System
884:
789:star. Solar wind from the Sun created the
683:
45:
17706:
17653:
17298:
17248:"Christiaan Huygens: Discoverer of Titan"
17179:
17011:. Yale University Press. pp. 25â27.
16961:
16951:
16882:
16769:
16712:
16587:
16573:
16550:
16497:
16433:
16424:
16406:
16347:
16283:
16224:
16161:
16089:
16034:
16016:
15946:
15903:
15885:
15842:
15824:
15764:
15698:
15621:
15596:
15578:
15533:
15515:
15468:
15450:
15307:
15111:
15093:
15019:
14935:
14816:"Definition of terms in meteor astronomy"
14695:
14535:
14475:
14457:
14325:
14136:
14118:
14071:
14053:
14005:
13987:
13948:
13678:
13660:
13557:
13468:
13375:. Minor Planet Center. 20 February 2004.
13153:
13042:
12971:
12894:
12762:
12679:
12640:
12413:
12237:
11478:
11413:
11384:
11366:
11166:
11090:
10970:
10801:
10704:
10528:
10240:
10222:
10163:
10034:
9566:
9384:
9301:
9111:
9046:
8759:
8655:
8517:
8515:
8485:
8426:
8168:
8150:
8119:
8052:
7925:
7832:
7777:
7730:
7712:
7609:
7139:
7084:
6954:
6909:The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Volume 1
6279:
6258:
6123:
6060:
6050:
5993:
5975:
5923:
5905:
5862:
5852:
5829:"Chaos and stability of the solar system"
5777:
5740:
5630:
5529:
5391:
5248:
5102:
5054:. IAU Office of Astronomy for Education.
4990:
4972:
4946:
4937:
4927:
4799:
4747:
4729:
4703:
4670:
4551:
4499:"Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters"
4443:"Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters"
4320:
4223:
4174:
3097:
2384:
19955:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
18175:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
18158:
17712:
15770:
15285:
15142:
14916:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
14880:
14636:
14577:"The Sun's Heliosphere & Heliopause"
14251:
14195:
14193:
14191:
13475:Green, Daniel W. E. (22 February 2007).
12623:
12318:
12114:
12089:
11894:"Jupiter's outer satellites and Trojans"
11285:
11240:
10782:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
8740:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
8282:
8092:van Albada, T.S.; Baker, Norman (1973).
7897:
7385:. University of Illinois. Archived from
7350:
7268:
7178:
6660:
6465:
6435:
6406:A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab
6300:Delsanti, Audrey; Jewitt, David (2006).
6230:
5234:
5076:
4822:
4773:
4771:
4521:
4410:
4294:
4203:
3775:
3773:
3501:
3368:
3264:
3115:
3081:
2986:
2908:
2842:
2761:
2666:
2608:
2426:
2414:
2003:
1819:
1724:
1440:
1407:
1233:
1184:
1123:, is a 10 cm (4 in) sphere in
1058:
967:
955:
843:
781:, pressure, and density increased until
698:
672:. The closest star to the Solar System,
22867:
20971:Celestial objects within 10 light-years
20151:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
19179:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
18008:
17608:
17276:
17105:
17068:
16649:
16536:
15779:. Courier Dover Publications. pp.
14710:
14349:Baranov, V. B.; Malama, Yu. G. (1993).
12942:
11676:
11453:Yoshida, Fumi; Nakamura, Tsuko (2005).
10736:
10261:
9831:
9790:
9698:
9426:. NASA. 30 January 2006. Archived from
8948:
8709:
8276:
8240:
7435:Office of Space Science (9 July 2004).
7179:Williams, David R. (23 December 2021).
6795:
6466:Williams, David R. (23 December 2021).
6436:Williams, David R. (7 September 2006).
5885:
5439:
5282:
5166:
5048:"IAU Office of Astronomy for Education"
4648:
4505:(Solar System Dynamics). 13 July 2006.
4491:
4449:(Solar System Dynamics). 13 July 2006.
4435:
4353:
3477:determine the distances between Earth,
2276:, which are divided into three groups:
1370:Activity on the Sun's surface, such as
1054:
506:. In order from the Sun, they are four
487:, releasing this energy from its outer
465:formed about 4.6 billion years ago
14:
23108:
21174:2 (3?) planets: b, d?, c
17750:
17638:"A geometric method to locate Neptune"
17004:
16865:Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. (1 July 2009).
16833:
15992:
15990:
15737:
15560:
15230:
15226:
15224:
15172:
15170:
14612:NASA Science: Solar System Exploration
14159:
13803:
13284:NASA Science: Solar System Exploration
12930:from the original on 28 September 2018
12771:
12291:
12256:10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092459
12085:
12083:
11936:NASA Science: Solar System Exploration
11719:
11682:
11269:. Swinburne University of Technology.
11255:
10856:
10643:"When Is an Asteroid Not an Asteroid?"
10622:from the original on 28 September 2021
10561:"Cassini Passes Through Asteroid Belt"
10282:from the original on 27 September 2021
9832:Andrews, Robin George (25 July 2020).
9784:
9770:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122637
9673:
9581:
9508:
9484:Planetary Science Research Discoveries
9477:
9448:
9144:
8983:
8869:
8710:Talbert, Tricia, ed. (21 March 2012).
8512:
7940:
7657:. American Astronomical Society: 313.
7648:
6700:from the original on 21 September 2019
6691:
6632:(9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.
5614:
5503:
5211:
4272:"The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems"
3281:with a diameter of about 100,000
3162:The Solar System is surrounded by the
3104:List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
3062:. The furthest known objects, such as
2948:The inner Solar System is home to the
2523:with Pluto, as the two bodies orbit a
2221:Outer large satellites, consisting of
2179:Inner large satellites, consisting of
2088:on its poles. As of 2024, Jupiter has
23020:Historical models of the Solar System
22841:
21312:
21277:
21225:
20942:
20164:
18417:
18070:
18042:
17881:from the original on 14 December 2021
17851:from the original on 11 February 2022
17838:
17789:from the original on 29 November 2016
17763:from the original on 29 December 2021
17694:from the original on 29 November 2021
17500:
17370:
17228:from the original on 27 November 2021
17043:
16933:
16871:International Journal of Astrobiology
16618:
14832:from the original on 22 December 2021
14276:
14188:
14097:"A Fruit of a Different Kind: 2015 BP
13868:; Schaller, Emily L. (15 June 2007).
13503:"IAU names fifth dwarf planet Haumea"
13474:
13353:from the original on 13 November 2012
13313:
13132:
12734:
12501:from the original on 23 February 2024
12273:from the original on 25 February 2014
11942:from the original on 24 February 2018
11885:
11589:from the original on 28 November 2020
11559:from the original on 21 December 2019
11351:: a large transient Trojan of Uranus"
10902:"Cryovolcanism on Dwarf Planet Ceres"
10361:from the original on 11 November 2021
10023:The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review
9938:from the original on 12 November 2018
9707:Mars in a Minute: Is Mars Really Red?
9283:from the original on 27 November 2023
9222:from the original on 31 December 2022
9121:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
9085:
8521:
8398:
7649:Kohler, Susanna (25 September 2015).
7401:
7191:from the original on 19 November 2016
6890:
6888:
6841:
6839:
6696:. Oriental Astronomical Association.
6302:"The Solar System Beyond The Planets"
5932:from the original on 10 December 2023
5763:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5207:
5205:
5177:
5058:from the original on 11 December 2023
4768:
4376:from the original on 7 September 2021
4370:JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4282:from the original on 12 November 2007
4264:
3770:
3289:or Local Spur. It is a member of the
2329:, which are divided into two groups:
2195:. These satellites all orbits within
1968:
1401:
1378:, disturbs the heliosphere, creating
1177:of various outer Solar System moons.
824:
742:at the center. The planets formed by
633:, which are commonly called 'moons'.
429:720,000 km/h (450,000 mi/h)
20922:
18268:
18092:
17568:Journal for the History of Astronomy
17547:from the original on 3 February 2022
17364:participating institution membership
17258:from the original on 6 December 2019
17186:Journal for the History of Astronomy
16442:
15752:from the original on 25 January 2022
15674:(3rd ed.). Springer. p. 1.
15477:from the original on 19 October 2021
15233:"The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud"
14883:"The Evolution of Meteoroid Streams"
13785:from the original on 21 January 2022
13610:
13582:"Fourth dwarf planet named Makemake"
13391:
12750:from the original on 26 October 2018
11016:from the original on 22 January 2022
10912:from the original on 2 February 2024
10881:from the original on 30 January 2020
10750:from the original on 30 January 2016
10571:from the original on 25 January 2021
9904:from the original on 3 November 2011
9676:"Modern Martian Marvels: Volcanoes?"
9451:Impact cratering: A geologic process
9240:
8019:from the original on 30 October 2017
7319:
7313:
7209:
6673:from the original on 17 October 2012
6478:from the original on 22 January 2018
6402:
6391:from the original on 14 October 2012
6164:from the original on 16 January 2024
4857:Chebotarev, G. A. (1 January 1963).
4756:from the original on 28 October 2023
4628:
4509:from the original on 1 November 2013
4453:from the original on 1 November 2013
4411:Williams, David (27 December 2021).
3691:List of Solar System objects by size
3246:
1173:. Habitability might be possible in
1158:. The density of cosmic rays in the
703:Diagram of the early Solar System's
23025:Numerical model of the Solar System
17955:
17807:
16656:. New York: Springer. p. 323.
16631:from the original on 7 January 2019
15987:
15221:
15167:
15155:from the original on 1 October 2021
14666:"A study of the original orbits of
13618:. SwRI (Space Science Department).
13324:. In Barucci, M. Antonietta (ed.).
13120:from the original on 25 August 2014
12580:from the original on 31 August 2021
12296:. University of WisconsinâMadison.
12080:
11071:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
10900:Krummheuer, Birgit (6 March 2017).
10872:European Planetary Science Congress
10724:from the original on 7 January 2023
10249:from the original on 1 October 2022
9253:from the original on 3 January 2023
8584:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
8283:Phillips, Tony (15 February 2001).
7447:from the original on 27 August 2016
4423:from the original on 18 August 2011
4359:
4094:, the authoritative body regarding
3273:The Solar System is located in the
3086:The Solar System (left) within the
2157:larger than the diameter of Earth.
1627:and maintaining life habitability.
24:
18453:
18145:
18071:Chang, Kenneth (18 January 2022).
17436:from the original on 20 April 2022
17384:from the original on 18 March 2022
17330:from the original on 18 March 2022
17134:from the original on 20 April 2022
16846:from the original on 7 August 2011
16810:from the original on 20 April 2022
16678:from the original on 20 April 2022
16463:from the original on 20 April 2022
15243:from the original on 7 August 2019
14796:from the original on 25 March 2022
14618:from the original on 31 March 2022
14389:from the original on 20 April 2022
14264:from the original on 25 March 2022
13513:from the original on 25 April 2014
13483:from the original on 14 March 2012
13456:from the original on 20 April 2022
13409:from the original on 28 March 2009
13403:"S/2005 (90482) 1 needs your help"
13290:from the original on 31 March 2022
13061:10.1023/B:MOON.0000031930.13823.be
13007:from the original on 15 March 2016
12102:from the original on 21 April 2024
11740:from the original on 20 April 2022
11175:from the original on 22 April 2024
11092:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1997.tb01574.x
10979:from the original on 22 April 2024
10942:from the original on 15 April 2017
10641:Cook, Jia-Rui C. (29 March 2011).
10379:
10335:from the original on 9 August 2017
10075:from the original on 20 April 2022
9490:from the original on 18 April 2007
9342:"Facts About Earth - NASA Science"
9322:from the original on 20 April 2022
9073:from the original on 21 April 2024
8857:from the original on 21 April 2024
8562:from the original on 12 April 2022
8453:from the original on 10 April 2022
8228:from the original on 20 April 2022
7989:from the original on 26 April 2024
7945:Journey from the Center of the Sun
7332:from the original on 16 March 2022
7250:from the original on 20 April 2022
6885:
6836:
6824:from the original on 20 April 2022
6777:from the original on 15 April 2022
6212:from the original on 12 March 2024
5562:
5491:from the original on 12 April 2022
5202:
5028:from the original on 19 April 2024
4569:from the original on 14 April 2020
4479:from the original on 28 March 2007
4304:. NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics.
2095:The Amalthea group, consisting of
1871:minerals. There are signs of past
1642:. Large dark patches on the Moon,
1565:. Venus has no natural satellites.
1181:Comparison with extrasolar systems
719:by previous generations of stars.
621:. Some of these bodies are in the
25:
23142:
22970:PajamÀki Solar System Scale Model
18122:
17482:from the original on 15 June 2021
17025:from the original on 30 July 2022
16986:from the original on 1 April 2022
16934:Racki, Grzegorz (December 2012).
16915:from the original on 1 April 2022
16335:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
15812:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
15740:"10 great comets of recent times"
15542:from the original on 9 April 2023
15273:from the original on 30 June 2023
15143:Loeffler, John (1 October 2021).
15081:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
14762:Meteoritics and Planetary Science
14419:from the original on 9 April 2022
14176:from the original on 16 July 2011
13975:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
13846:from the original on 29 June 2017
13592:from the original on 30 July 2017
13379:from the original on 3 March 2016
13319:"The largest Kuiper belt objects"
12300:from the original on 6 April 2024
12292:Devitt, Terry (14 October 2008).
12068:from the original on 25 July 2011
11273:from the original on 23 June 2017
11046:from the original on 5 March 2023
10649:from the original on 29 June 2011
9961:"IAU Planet Definition Committee"
9874:. 12 January 2004. Archived from
9846:from the original on 25 July 2020
9791:Philips, Tony (31 January 2001).
9661:Encyclopaedia of the Solar System
9610:from the original on 7 April 2022
9515:Space Settlements: A Design Study
9182:
8952:The Stability of Climate on Venus
8380:from the original on 1 April 2022
8350:from the original on 19 July 2020
8295:from the original on 1 April 2022
8252:Steigerwald, Bill (24 May 2005).
7765:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
7669:from the original on 7 April 2022
7651:"How Normal is Our Solar System?"
7556:from the original on 6 April 2023
7014:from the original on 30 July 2022
6661:Grossman, Lisa (13 August 2009).
6417:from the original on 30 July 2021
6087:from the original on 6 April 2024
5357:from the original on 9 April 2022
5190:from the original on 10 July 2012
4600:"Our Local Galactic Neighborhood"
4539:from the original on 10 June 2020
4341:from the original on 5 March 2019
3549:observations led to searches for
3499:apply on Earth and in the skies.
3200:Groups of stars form together in
2999:, a region still well within the
2620:Neptune's early outward migration
2598:
2368:(SDOs) that were gravitationally
2049:such as water, methane, ammonia,
1013:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
972:Animations of the Solar System's
960:Animations of the Solar System's
796:Following the dissipation of the
471:collapsed, forming the Sun and a
23093:
23081:
23069:
23057:
23045:
22923:
22820:
22810:
22809:
20921:
20910:
20909:
20680:Southern African Large Telescope
20042:
20030:
20018:
18443:
18396:
18379:
18362:
18345:
18328:
18311:
18294:
18277:
18157:
18002:
17980:
17893:
17863:
17832:
17808:Woo, Marcus (20 November 2014).
17801:
17751:Garner, Rob (10 December 2018).
17744:
17629:
17612:Cosmology and the Early Universe
17602:
17559:
17494:
17448:
17399:
17307:
17270:
17240:
17173:
17146:
17099:
17062:
17037:
16998:
16927:
16858:
16745:
16690:
16643:
16612:
16567:
16530:
16475:
16324:
16264:Alves, JoĂŁo; Zucker, Catherine;
16257:
16202:
16059:
15859:
15797:
15731:
15678:
15605:
15554:
15255:
15136:
15067:
15055:from the original on 15 May 2016
14990:
14960:
14903:
14874:
14844:
14823:International Astronomical Union
14808:
14782:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.01009.x
14749:
14704:
14630:
14600:
14568:
14500:
14431:
14401:
14342:
14245:
14153:
13916:
13828:
13816:from the original on 9 June 2014
13797:
13752:
13643:"Discovery of a Makemakean Moon"
13622:from the original on 27 May 2020
13586:International Astronomical Union
13574:
13507:International Astronomical Union
13495:
13421:
13272:
13075:
13019:
12862:
12776:Encyclopedia of the Solar System
12728:
12592:
12495:Earth & Planetary Laboratory
12393:
12285:
12128:from the original on 17 May 2024
12090:Williams, Matt (7 August 2015).
11924:
11854:
11803:
11752:
11713:
11685:Astronomy: The Evolving Universe
11601:
11571:
11505:from the original on 25 May 2012
11487:
11187:
11150:
10954:
10924:
10893:
10583:
10553:
10496:
10437:
10410:
10196:
10106:
10009:
9979:
9953:
9920:
9890:
9858:
9813:
9729:
9667:
9652:
9640:from the original on 28 May 2021
9622:
9575:
9502:
9471:
9442:
9416:
9334:
9295:
9118:Haynes, H. M., ed. (2016â2017).
9055:
9014:
8977:
8942:
8839:
8792:
8703:
8574:
8465:
8435:
8392:
8362:
8264:from the original on 16 May 2020
7927:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00012.x
7357:NOAO Educational Outreach Office
7210:Jaki, Stanley L. (1 July 1972).
7185:NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
6694:"OAA computing section circular"
6500:Encyclopedia of the solar system
6472:NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
6260:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00012.x
5995:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x
5517:Astrophysical Journal Supplement
4585:
4308:from the original on 7 July 2021
4139:International Astronomical Union
4092:International Astronomical Union
3744:The date is based on the oldest
3655:
3641:
3627:
3214:Corona Australis Molecular Cloud
2449:resonant trans-Neptunian objects
2286:Large satellites, consisting of
1993:
1803:
1744:Many asteroids are divided into
1430:
1218:radial-velocity detection method
1107:, uses the 110-meter (361-foot)
728:conservation of angular momentum
58:planets, moons and dwarf planets
19918:Gravitationally rounded objects
18252:NASA's Solar System Exploration
18247:NASA's Eyes on the Solar System
17839:Marks, Paul (3 December 2014).
17501:Teets, Donald (December 2003).
14978:from the original on 2 May 2013
14355:Journal of Geophysical Research
14252:Hatfield, Miles (3 June 2021).
13870:"The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris"
13762:The Solar System Beyond Neptune
13434:. Cham: Springer. p. 171.
13405:. Mike Brown's Planets (blog).
13326:The Solar System Beyond Neptune
12633:The Solar System Beyond Neptune
11004:; et al. (21 April 2020).
9027:Journal of Geophysical Research
8930:from the original on 4 May 2019
8522:Ryden, Robert (December 1999).
8447:NASA Science: Share the Science
8406:Journal of Geophysical Research
8374:NASA Science: Share the Science
8307:
8289:NASA Science: Share the Science
8193:
8128:
8085:
8031:
8001:
7971:
7934:
7865:
7810:
7755:
7681:
7642:
7529:
7427:
7375:
7344:
7262:
7203:
7172:
7062:
6987:
6934:
6789:
6712:
6685:
6654:
6580:
6490:
6429:
6377:
6267:
6224:
6198:
6176:
6099:
6069:
6024:
6010:
5879:
5820:
5757:
5708:
5663:
5618:Journal of Geophysical Research
5608:
5514:Isochrones for Solar Mixture".
5458:
5369:
5329:
5276:
5228:
5184:NATS 102: The Physical Universe
5119:
5070:
4901:
4889:from the original on 7 May 2024
4531:(20 September 2015 last obs.).
4413:"Planetary Fact Sheet - Metric"
4196:
4161:
4144:
4131:
4081:
3572:and visited two dwarf planets (
3481:, and the Sun. Halley's friend
3332:
3041:extreme trans-Neptunian objects
2969:Boundary area and uncertainties
2952:, which is visible as the hazy
2657:Extreme trans-Neptunian objects
2043:'ice' in the astronomical sense
1678:, and has a rich collection of
1615:. Earth's surface is shaped by
1472:. They are composed largely of
1359:, dusty atmosphere, called the
1142:
1011:To a good first approximation,
483:of hydrogen into helium at its
27:The Sun and objects orbiting it
21106:2 (5?) planets:
17522:10.1080/0025570X.2003.11953207
17180:Pasachoff, Jay M. (May 2015).
16834:Mullen, Leslie (18 May 2001).
13373:"MPEC 2004-D15 : 2004 DW"
12491:"New Uranus and Neptune Moons"
12324:Reports on Progress in Physics
11036:"A look into Vesta's interior"
8200:Kallenrode, May-Britt (2004).
7383:"Tours of Model Solar Systems"
6973:10.1146/annurev.astro.39.1.581
5077:Standish, E. M. (April 2005).
4622:
3951:
3938:
3929:
3916:
3904:
3878:
3869:
3856:
3847:
3834:
3714:
3229:closest well-measured approach
3050:out to about two light-years (
2806:Interstellar Boundary Explorer
2663:Extreme trans-Neptunian object
2404:
1519:(cliff) system generated from
1423:, which is a little less than
912:
13:
1:
22972:(Helsinki and Espoo, Finland)
22940:Akaa Solar System Scale Model
22722:Timeline of stellar astronomy
21001:Celestial objects by systems.
20190:
18257:NASA's Solar System Simulator
18043:Foust, Jeff (13 March 2023).
17050:. Vol. 31. p. 510.
16940:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
15567:The Planetary Science Journal
15326:10.1016/j.physrep.2019.01.009
15267:NASA Solar System Exploration
13538:The Planetary Science Journal
12599:Vanouplines, Patrick (1995).
11832:10.1126/science.284.5417.1146
11553:10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00088-4
8370:"A Star with two North Poles"
4823:Greicius, Tony (5 May 2015).
4810:10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00578-7
4191:
3686:List of Solar System extremes
3506:Solar System diagram made by
2033:, hence their designation as
1986:without significant rates of
1954:, 60° ahead in its orbit, or
1850:List of exceptional asteroids
1791:potentially hazardous objects
1445:The four terrestrial planets
993:formation of the Solar System
597:. There are a vast number of
32:Solar System (disambiguation)
23015:Kirkhill Astronomical Pillar
21161:1? planets: b?
21039:Sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris)
18216:Resources in other libraries
16758:Astronomy & Astrophysics
16606:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.03.020
15687:Astronomy & Astrophysics
14675:Astronomy & Astrophysics
14582:Astronomy Picture of the Day
14210:Astronomy & Astrophysics
13428:Moltenbrey, Michael (2016).
13207:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.020
13172:10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116017
12844:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.037
12555:10.1126/science.250.4979.410
12477:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.005
12201:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.038
11670:10.1016/0032-0633(95)00061-5
11610:"Formation of Giant Planets"
11432:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.016
10419:Astronomy & Astrophysics
10182:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.031
9478:Norman, M. (21 April 2004).
9403:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114768
9241:Cain, Fraser (1 June 2010).
8041:Astronomy & Astrophysics
6385:"The Sun's Vital Statistics"
4629:Hurt, R. (8 November 2017).
3341:evolutionary history of life
3189:linear structures (formerly
2891:Meteoroids, meteors and dust
2268:, such as its unusually low
2202:Trojan moons, consisting of
1824:The four largest asteroids:
1714:
1363:, which extends to at least
919:List of Solar System objects
7:
22382:HertzsprungâRussell diagram
20013:Outline of the Solar System
19776:Interplanetary medium/space
18015:Guinness World Records 2010
17902:"New Horizons' Pluto Flyby"
17642:American Journal of Physics
17615:. CRC Press. pp. 3â4.
17323:Online Etymology Dictionary
16788:10.1051/0004-6361/201935656
16446:The Life and Death of Stars
16366:10.1088/2041-8205/800/1/L17
15717:10.1051/0004-6361/201935330
13230:American Journal of Physics
12344:10.1088/0034-4885/65/12/201
12322:(2002). "Planetary rings".
11650:Planetary and Space Science
11533:Planetary and Space Science
10272:"Small-Body Database Query"
9582:Peplow, Mark (6 May 2004).
9277:National Geographic Society
8949:Bullock, Mark Alan (1997).
8666:10.1126/science.213.4503.62
8071:10.1051/0004-6361/202141759
7796:10.1088/2041-8205/806/2/L26
7732:10.3847/1538-3881/152/6/221
7628:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/105
7320:Boss, Alan (October 2006).
7216:American Journal of Physics
7158:10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/135
7103:10.1088/2041-8205/731/2/L42
6413:. p. 37. NASA SP-402.
5766:Reviews in Modern Astronomy
5694:10.1080/0010751042000275277
5267:10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/146
5079:"The Astronomical Unit now"
4475:. NASA. 21 September 2013.
4417:Goddard Space Flight Center
4156:Comet § Classification
4152:List of minor-planet groups
4067:{\displaystyle \alpha _{e}}
4013:{\displaystyle \alpha _{g}}
3696:Outline of the Solar System
3620:
3387:be stationary at the center
2419:Plot of objects around the
2349:
2076:and various white 'ovals'.
1977:and their large moons. The
1737:and are composed mainly of
1289:, make up about 75% of the
1238:The Sun in true white color
734:with a diameter of roughly
668:, extending to a radius of
10:
23147:
22296:KelvinâHelmholtz mechanism
21187:red dwarf B (UV Ceti)
19729:Extraterrestrial materials
17609:Di Bari, Pasquale (2018).
17588:10.1177/002182861304400401
16836:"Galactic Habitable Zones"
16243:10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/13
16108:10.1038/s41586-021-04286-5
15640:10.1038/s41550-024-02349-x
14972:ESA Science and Technology
14881:Williams, Iwan P. (2002).
14697:10.1051/0004-6361:20010945
14310:10.1007/s11214-022-00943-x
13950:10.1051/0004-6361:20066665
13929:Astronomy and Astrophysics
13730:10.1038/S41586-022-05629-6
13680:10.3847/2041-8205/825/1/L9
12605:Vrije Universitiet Brussel
11861:Pappalardo, R. T. (1999).
11689:Cambridge University Press
11579:"Gas Giant | Planet Types"
10431:10.1051/0004-6361:20020834
10382:"Near-Earth Object Groups"
9680:NASA Astrobiology Magazine
8604:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.025
7951:Princeton University Press
7905:Astronomy & Geophysics
7873:"Sun: Facts & Figures"
7469:Advances in Space Research
7000:. CRC Press. p. 210.
6994:Piccirillo, Lucio (2020).
6503:. Academic Press. p.
6238:Astronomy & Geophysics
5796:10.1002/9783527629190.ch12
5216:. Vol. 1. p. 3.
4780:Advances in Space Research
4242:10.1088/0004-6256/148/5/91
4100:naming guidelines document
4040:{\displaystyle \beta _{e}}
3986:{\displaystyle \beta _{g}}
3801:north pole of the ecliptic
3671:Interplanetary spaceflight
3401:reordering of the cosmos,
3362:
3250:
3218:Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex
3108:List of nearest exoplanets
3101:
3032:exerted by the Milky Way.
2972:
2894:
2836:
2660:
2602:
2408:
2353:
2159:Saturn has a magnetosphere
1997:
1763:Mercury-crossing asteroids
1718:
1500:surface features, such as
1434:
1396:heliospheric current sheet
1275:G2-type main-sequence star
1227:
1146:
916:
907:the objects beyond Neptune
687:
619:interplanetary dust clouds
29:
23002:
22932:
22921:
22875:
22805:
22730:
22579:
22477:
22405:
22304:
22161:
22036:
21914:
21823:
21559:
21550:
21429:
21359:
21346:
21338:
21259:
21244:T-type brown dwarf B
21212:
21128:
21055:
21029:
21014:
20999:
20980:
20904:
20696:
20673:Large Binocular Telescope
20638:Extremely Large Telescope
20631:Extremely large telescope
20604:
20487:
20427:
20348:
20310:
20271:
20264:
20198:
20049:Earth sciences portal
20008:
19963:
19900:
19771:Interplanetary dust cloud
19650:
19486:
19416:
19127:
19063:
18756:
18609:
18451:
18211:Resources in your library
17735:10.1103/RevModPhys.19.361
17715:Reviews of Modern Physics
17351:Oxford English Dictionary
17300:10.1017/S1743921305001225
17106:LoLordo, Antonia (2007).
17069:Weinert, Friedel (2009).
16901:10.1017/S147355040999005X
16700:The Astrophysical Journal
16485:The Astrophysical Journal
16443:Lang, Kenneth R. (2013).
16302:10.1038/s41586-019-1874-z
16212:The Astrophysical Journal
16180:10.1038/s41586-019-1874-z
16004:The Astrophysical Journal
15873:The Astrophysical Journal
15745:BBC Sky at Night Magazine
15738:Norman, Neil (May 2020).
14445:The Astrophysical Journal
14413:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
14106:Research Notes of the AAS
13806:"The 1,000 km Scale KBOs"
13648:The Astrophysical Journal
13140:from JWST Spectroscopy".
12882:The Astrophysical Journal
11495:"List of Neptune Trojans"
10842:10.1038/s41550-018-0656-0
10697:10.1038/s41550-019-1007-5
10387:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
10053:10.1007/s00159-017-0104-7
9568:10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y
9302:Pentreath, R. J. (2021).
8821:10.1007/s11214-007-9260-9
8099:The Astrophysical Journal
7820:The Astrophysical Journal
7597:The Astrophysical Journal
7490:10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.005
7127:The Astrophysical Journal
7072:The Astrophysical Journal
6387:. Stanford Solar Center.
6142:10.1038/s41550-018-0453-9
5379:The Astrophysical Journal
5237:The Astrophysical Journal
5186:. University of Arizona.
5104:10.1017/S1743921305001365
4604:interstellar.jpl.nasa.gov
4563:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
4533:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
4503:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
4112:Oxford English Dictionary
4096:astronomical nomenclature
3799:is the angle between the
3608:redefinition of the term
3547:Mercury's orbital anomaly
3359:Discovery and exploration
2901:Interplanetary dust cloud
2856:small Solar System bodies
2832:
2828:Miscellaneous populations
2543:. It has one known moon,
2210:(trojans of Tethys), and
2037:. Uranus and Neptune are
1735:small Solar System bodies
1264:electromagnetic radiation
1117:Stockholm Arlanda Airport
951:
929:G-type main-sequence star
599:small Solar System bodies
497:G-type main-sequence star
467:when a dense region of a
434:
424:
412:
397:
389:
379:
369:
359:
342:
330:
318:
313:
302:
291:
280:
211:
158:
148:
143:
110:
75:
67:
44:
22946:Gravity Discovery Centre
22908:Eise Eisinga Planetarium
22675:With multiple exoplanets
20645:Gran Telescopio Canarias
20062:Local Interstellar Cloud
18774:other near-Earth objects
17380:. R. Taylor. p. 8.
17206:10.1177/0021828615585493
16650:Greiner, Walter (2004).
16036:10.3847/1538-4357/ab498a
15905:10.3847/1538-4357/ab498a
15844:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9120
15113:10.3847/2041-8213/ac32d3
15007:The Astronomical Journal
14664:KrĂłlikowska, M. (2001).
14537:10.3847/1538-4365/abf658
14477:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2fa6
14138:10.3847/2515-5172/aadfec
14073:10.3847/1538-3881/ab0895
14042:The Astronomical Journal
14007:10.3847/2041-8213/aa6484
13840:IAU: Minor Planet Center
13030:Earth, Moon, and Planets
12959:The Astronomical Journal
12402:The Astronomical Journal
11723:The giant planet Jupiter
11720:Rogers, John H. (1995).
11683:Zellik, Michael (2002).
11459:The Astronomical Journal
10744:"Question and answers 2"
10509:The Astronomical Journal
9898:"Stickney Crater-Phobos"
9793:"The Solar Wind at Mars"
8009:"What Color is the Sun?"
7979:"What Color is the Sun?"
7941:Zirker, Jack B. (2002).
7701:The Astronomical Journal
6692:Nakano, Syuichi (2001).
5474:Protostars and Planets V
4863:Astronomicheskii Zhurnal
4658:The Astronomical Journal
4561:(2018-10-17 last obs.).
4473:"HORIZONS Web-Interface"
4212:The Astronomical Journal
4090:of the name varies. The
3707:
3582:gravity assist maneuvers
3537:successfully measured a
3164:Local Interstellar Cloud
3122:Local Interstellar Cloud
3070:from the Sun. The Sun's
2721:gravitational scattering
2163:146 confirmed satellites
1781:Venus-crossing asteroids
806:gravitational encounters
85:Local Interstellar Cloud
71:4.568 billion years
21461:Asymptotic giant branch
21085:α Cen (Rigil Kentaurus)
20740:Astrology and astronomy
20450:Gravitational radiation
20025:Solar System portal
19751:Giant-impact hypothesis
19358:Trans-Neptunian objects
18234:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
17394:Posthumous publication.
17356:Oxford University Press
16780:2019A&A...625L..10G
15771:Littmann, Mark (2004).
15709:2019A&A...629A.139T
15652:: CS1 maint: bibcode (
14774:2010M&PS...45..114R
14688:2001A&A...376..316K
14223:2000A&A...357..268F
13941:2007A&A...471..331D
13894:10.1126/science.1139415
13053:2003EM&P...92..113B
12248:2007ARA&A..45..261J
12043:10.1126/science.1108056
11781:10.1126/science.1110422
11662:1995P&SS...43.1517P
11545:2000P&SS...48..143P
11128:10.1126/science.1223272
11083:1997M&PS...32..841T
11040:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
10326:10.2307/j.ctv1v7zdn4.33
10045:2017A&ARv..25....5S
9724:6 November 2015 at the
9584:"How Mars got its rust"
9480:"The Oldest Moon Rocks"
9455:Oxford University Press
9424:"The Smell of Moondust"
8596:2009E&PSL.285..283W
8528:The Mathematics Teacher
8063:2022A&A...660A.131M
7918:2000A&G....41a..12W
6965:2001ARA&A..39..581L
6849:; Olenick, Richard P.;
6251:2000A&G....41a..12W
5307:10.1126/science.1101979
4331:"Latest Published Data"
4124:27 January 2008 at the
3615:trans-Neptunian objects
3430:used them to predict a
3325:supermassive black hole
3235:, which approached to ~
3206:Ursa Major moving group
3079:to be 230,000 AU.
2758:Edge of the heliosphere
2683:(pink), and other very
2395:tilted toward the plane
2327:16 confirmed satellites
2274:28 confirmed satellites
2090:95 confirmed satellites
2070:atmospheric circulation
1797:Mars-crossing asteroids
1688:Mars has two tiny moons
1304:, having formed in the
1086:Johannes Kepler's model
885:General characteristics
839:eventually be disrupted
783:hydrostatic equilibrium
694:
684:Formation and evolution
283:natural satellites
22797:Tidal disruption event
22286:Circumstellar envelope
21520:Luminous blue variable
20659:Hubble Space Telescope
19913:Possible dwarf planets
19756:Gravitational collapse
19694:Circumstellar envelope
18493:
18153:
18129:Listen to this article
17005:Orrell, David (2012).
16426:10.1093/mnras/stad3604
15561:Napier, K. J. (2021).
15535:10.1093/mnrasl/slac012
15470:10.1093/mnras/stab1756
14160:Jewitt, David (2004).
13804:Jewitt, David (2005).
12387:10.1006/icar.1996.5568
12124:. NASA. January 2024.
10475:10.1006/icar.2001.6702
10242:10.1093/mnrasl/slac089
10137:10.1006/icar.2000.6520
9674:Noever, David (2004).
9517:. NASA. Archived from
9449:Melosh, H. J. (1989).
9216:NASA Earth Observatory
8714:. NASA. Archived from
8478:Planetary Astrobiology
8179:10.1006/icar.2001.6607
7875:. NASA. Archived from
7441:NASA Educator Features
7351:Ottewell, Guy (1989).
6630:The Cosmic Perspective
6611:10.1006/icar.1996.5637
6440:. NASA. Archived from
6371:10.1006/icar.2002.6837
5925:10.1093/mnras/stad3604
5854:10.1073/pnas.231384098
5442:The cosmic perspective
4939:10.1093/mnras/staa1520
4749:10.1093/mnrasl/slad132
4631:"The Milky Way Galaxy"
4302:"Solar System Objects"
4068:
4041:
4014:
3987:
3958:
3793:
3511:
3420:, Kepler produced the
3374:
3270:
3222:Taurus molecular cloud
3129:
3098:Celestial neighborhood
3094:
3066:, have aphelia around
3008:
2975:Planets beyond Neptune
2914:
2851:
2788:local standard of rest
2767:
2692:
2671:The current orbits of
2614:
2436:
2424:
2391:trans-Neptunian region
2385:Trans-Neptunian region
2366:scattered disc objects
2165:, grouped as follows:
2025:
1841:
1730:
1699:Stickney impact crater
1461:
1376:coronal mass ejections
1239:
1223:
1194:
1064:
977:
965:
849:
821:of the inner planets.
819:Late Heavy Bombardment
708:
22883:Antikythera mechanism
22322:Effective temperature
21178:Gliese 65 A (BL Ceti)
20763:Astroparticle physics
20498:Australian Aboriginal
20122:Laniakea Supercluster
19739:Sample-return mission
18492:
18152:
16953:10.4202/app.2011.0058
16840:Astrobiology Magazine
16619:Leong, Stacy (2002).
15348:Trujillo, Chadwick A.
15231:Arnett, Bill (2006).
14290:Space Science Reviews
13509:. 17 September 2008.
12092:"The moons of Saturn"
11010:The Planetary Society
10103:Retrieved 30 May 2012
9509:Globus, Ruth (1977).
8984:Rincon, Paul (1999).
8801:Space Science Reviews
8285:"The Sun Does a Flip"
7898:Woolfson, M. (2000).
7572:15 April 2023 at the
6624:Bennett, Jeffrey O.;
6231:Woolfson, M. (2000).
6062:10.1093/mnras/stae750
4069:
4042:
4015:
3993:= 27° 07âČ 42.01âł and
3988:
3959:
3794:
3792:{\displaystyle \psi }
3505:
3488:Principia Mathematica
3485:, in his magisterial
3461:and the shape of the
3445:In the 17th century,
3372:
3268:
3119:
3085:
2990:
2912:
2846:
2817:solar magnetic fields
2782:. Based on the Sun's
2765:
2753:is named after Sedna.
2670:
2612:
2430:
2418:
2155:hexagon-shaped storms
2080:, enough to redirect
2007:
1895:Vesta asteroid family
1823:
1728:
1625:atmospheric stripping
1529:impact event remnants
1444:
1414:. Composed mainly of
1361:interplanetary medium
1279:effective temperature
1237:
1188:
1062:
971:
959:
917:Further information:
847:
831:gravitationally bound
815:grand tack hypothesis
702:
670:2,000â200,000 AU
459:and the objects that
453:gravitationally bound
408:~60°, to the ecliptic
22792:Planet-hosting stars
22670:With resolved images
22641:Historical brightest
22571:Photometric-standard
22497:Solar radio emission
22291:Eddington luminosity
22071:Triple-alpha process
22009:ThorneâĆ»ytkow object
21384:Young stellar object
21103:(4.2465 ± 0.0003 ly)
21101:C (Proxima Centauri)
20755:Astronomers Monument
20687:Very Large Telescope
20234:Astronomical symbols
20037:Astronomy portal
19938:Solar System objects
19684:Circumplanetary disk
18228:"Solar System"
18184:More spoken articles
17877:. 14 December 2021.
17510:Mathematics Magazine
16625:The Physics Factbook
14937:10.1029/2020JE006509
14614:. 19 December 2019.
14415:. 19 November 2009.
14242:See Figures 1 and 2.
14170:University of Hawaii
13810:University of Hawaii
12150:. NASA. January 2024
11873:on 30 September 2007
11386:10.1093/mnras/stx197
11168:10.5194/epsc2022-103
10972:10.5194/epsc2022-103
10803:10.1002/2017JE005302
10616:10.1029/2006EO100002
10099:3 March 2016 at the
9713:20 July 2014 at the
9596:10.1038/news040503-6
9048:10.1029/2006JE002793
8770:10.1029/2012JE004161
8540:10.5951/MT.92.9.0786
8443:"Inner Solar System"
8428:10.1029/2001JA000299
8399:Riley, Pete (2002).
8316:"15.4 Space weather"
7437:"Solar System Scale"
7181:"Neptune Fact Sheet"
6847:Frautschi, Steven C.
6468:"Jupiter Fact Sheet"
6206:"Kuiper Belt: Facts"
5673:Contemporary Physics
5649:10.1029/2003JA009997
5089:(IAUC196): 163â179.
4992:10.1093/mnras/stu631
4105:25 July 2021 at the
4051:
4047:= 66° 33âČ 38.6âł and
4024:
3997:
3970:
3813:
3783:
3397:had speculated on a
3395:Aristarchus of Samos
3279:barred spiral galaxy
2495:Pluto has five moons
1881:surface bright spots
1787:Near-Earth asteroids
1775:594913 êAylĂłêchaxnim
1682:. Mars has a highly
1581:surface liquid water
1214:orbital eccentricity
1167:zone of habitability
1055:Distances and scales
1019:with the Sun at one
986:synchronous rotation
775:thermonuclear fusion
477:balanced equilibrium
135: (4.36 ly)
30:For other uses, see
22994:Sweden Solar System
22990:(Somerset, England)
22988:Somerset Space Walk
22958:Monument to the Sun
22954:(Hvidovre, Denmark)
22948:(Gingin, Australia)
22869:Solar System models
22616:Highest temperature
22387:Colorâcolor diagram
22252:Protoplanetary disk
22056:Protonâproton chain
21734:Chemically peculiar
20969:
20828:List of astronomers
20241:Astronomical object
20136:Observable universe
19933:Solar System models
19863:Protoplanetary disk
19786:Interstellar medium
19746:Frost/Ice/Snow line
17820:on 23 November 2014
17727:1947RvMP...19..361C
17664:2021AmJPh..89..454B
17580:2013JHA....44..377B
17420:2004come.book....3F
17354:(Online ed.).
17291:2005tvnv.conf....3C
17198:2015JHA....46..218P
17167:1996AAS...189.2404A
17056:1923PA.....31..510R
16893:2009IJAsB...8..213B
16723:2004ApJ...616..872R
16598:2008Icar..197..221K
16561:2011MSAIS..18..185G
16508:2001ApJ...556..181D
16417:2024MNRAS.527.6126R
16358:2015ApJ...800L..17M
16294:2020Natur.578..237A
16235:2015ApJ...814...13M
16172:2020Natur.578..237A
16100:2022Natur.601..334Z
16066:Zucker, Catherine;
16027:2019ApJ...886...41L
15965:10.1038/nature19106
15957:2016Natur.536..437A
15896:2019ApJ...886...41L
15835:2022ApJ...937L..32S
15632:2024NatAs.tmp..211P
15589:2021PSJ.....2...59N
15526:2022MNRAS.512L...6D
15461:2021MNRAS.506..633D
15412:on 16 December 2014
15385:10.1038/nature13156
15377:2014Natur.507..471T
15318:2019PhR...805....1B
15191:2001Natur.409..589S
15104:2021ApJ...921L..37B
15030:2002AJ....123.2857L
14928:2021JGRE..12606509J
14856:National Geographic
14727:1992CeMDA..54....1W
14651:2001PAICz..89...78S
14528:2021ApJS..254...40R
14468:2021ApJ...923..179K
14367:1993JGR....9815157B
14302:2023SSRv..219...18B
14129:2018RNAAS...2..167D
14064:2019AJ....157..139S
13998:2017ApJ...838L...1K
13886:2007Sci...316.1585B
13722:2023Natur.614..239M
13671:2016ApJ...825L...9P
13550:2022PSJ.....3..225N
13243:2001AmJPh..69.1096F
13199:2008Icar..195..851T
13164:2024Icar..41416017E
13103:2003MSAIS...3...20D
12982:2003AJ....126..430C
12905:2006ApJ...639L..43B
12836:2019Icar..334...30G
12698:10.1038/nature13155
12690:2014Natur.508...72B
12651:2008ssbn.book..161S
12547:1990Sci...250..410S
12524:(19 October 1990).
12469:2006Icar..185..258H
12424:2005AJ....129..518S
12379:1997Icar..125....1D
12336:2002RPPh...65.1741E
12193:2017Icar..287...54F
12035:2005Sci...307.1226P
11985:10.1038/nature06224
11977:2007Natur.449.1019S
11824:1999Sci...284.1146B
11818:(5417): 1146â1150.
11773:2005Sci...308.1291A
11767:(5726): 1291â1293.
11501:. 28 October 2018.
11499:Minor Planet Center
11471:2005AJ....130.2900Y
11424:2012Icar..217...27C
11377:2017MNRAS.467.1561D
11316:10.1038/nature10233
11308:2011Natur.475..481C
11234:1982BAAS...14..719F
11201:on 21 November 2021
11120:2012Sci...336..694S
11065:Takeda, H. (1997).
11006:"What Is A Planet?"
10794:2017JGRE..122.2267E
10689:2020NatAs...4..569M
10608:2006EOSTr..87..105M
10521:2005AJ....129.2869T
10484:on 21 February 2007
10467:2001Icar..153..338P
10318:2002aste.book..409M
10233:2022MNRAS.517L..49B
10174:2013Icar..223...48S
10129:2000Icar..148..312D
9762:2005AREPS..33..133N
9663:. pp. 301â314.
9559:2007CeMDA..98..155S
9395:2022Icar..37414768M
9067:spaceplace.nasa.gov
9039:2007JGRE..112.4S06E
8897:2017NatGe..10..473L
8851:spaceplace.nasa.gov
8813:2007SSRv..131..161D
8752:2012JGRE..117.0L09M
8648:1981Sci...213...62H
8524:"Astronomical Math"
8496:2018arXiv180704776D
8419:2002JGRA..107.1136R
8161:2001Icar..151..307L
8112:1973ApJ...185..477V
7843:2004ApJ...614..497G
7788:2015ApJ...806L..26V
7723:2016AJ....152..221S
7695:(7 December 2016).
7663:2015nova.pres..313K
7655:Aas Nova Highlights
7620:2015ApJ...810..105M
7567:Extract of page 658
7482:2005AdSpR..35.2084L
7228:1972AmJPh..40.1014J
7150:2012ApJ...750..135E
7095:2011ApJ...731L..42B
7046:1995ASPC...74...83M
6900:Leighton, Robert B.
6896:Feynman, Richard P.
6855:Goodstein, David L.
6747:10.1038/nature04792
6739:2006Natur.441..192A
6603:1997Icar..127...13L
6558:10.1038/nature02120
6550:2003Natur.426..419L
6438:"Saturn Fact Sheet"
6363:2002Icar..158...98K
6134:2018NatAs...2..580G
6077:"Planetary Nebulas"
5986:2008MNRAS.386..155S
5916:2024MNRAS.527.6126R
5845:2001PNAS...9812342M
5839:(22): 12342â12343.
5788:2009RvMA...21..215C
5742:10.1038/nature03676
5733:2005Natur.435..466G
5686:2005ConPh..46...29C
5641:2003JGRA..108.1437S
5586:1981SoPh...74...21G
5540:2001ApJS..136..417Y
5482:2007prpl.conf..639N
5402:2005ApJ...621L.137B
5299:2005Sci...307...68G
5259:2011ApJ...729..146V
5222:1983coex....1....3I
5144:2010NatGe...3..637B
5095:2005tvnv.conf..163S
4983:2014MNRAS.441.1105F
4875:1964SvA.....7..618C
4792:2003AdSpR..31.2563M
4740:2024MNRAS.527L.110D
4681:2003AJ....126..430C
4610:on 21 November 2013
4360:Yeomans, Donald K.
4234:2014AJ....148...91L
3635:Solar system portal
3566:telescopes in space
3438:did the same for a
3403:Nicolaus Copernicus
3168:interstellar clouds
3088:interstellar medium
3001:sphere of influence
2993:artist's impression
2950:zodiacal dust cloud
2772:stellar-wind bubble
2702:541132 LeleÄkĆ«honua
1983:short-period comets
1867:, frozen water and
1408:terrestrial planets
1160:interstellar medium
1105:Sweden Solar System
1097:Solar System models
1048:rotational momentum
991:As a result of the
879:interstellar medium
877:like carbonâto the
798:protoplanetary disk
732:protoplanetary disc
705:protoplanetary disk
508:terrestrial planets
473:protoplanetary disc
346:of outermost planet
123: (4.2465
41:
22984:(Ithaca, New York)
22898:Astronomical clock
22621:Lowest temperature
22372:Photometric system
22342:Absolute magnitude
22276:Circumstellar dust
21889:Stellar black hole
21525:Stellar population
21411:HerbigâHaro object
21048:white dwarf B
20814:Physical cosmology
20116:Virgo Supercluster
20097:Milky Way subgroup
19928:Natural satellites
19811:Nebular hypothesis
19791:Interstellar space
19781:Interstellar cloud
19689:Circumstellar disc
19279:Near-Earth objects
19163:names and meanings
18494:
18154:
18078:The New York Times
17906:The New York Times
17672:10.1119/10.0003349
17313:See, for example:
16266:Goodman, Alyssa A.
16068:Goodman, Alyssa A.
15598:10.3847/PSJ/abe53e
15352:Sheppard, Scott S.
14735:10.1007/BF00049540
14608:"In Depth: Comets"
13559:10.3847/PSJ/ac8e03
12744:American Scientist
12601:"Chiron biography"
11938:. 18 August 2021.
11932:"In Depth: Saturn"
11263:"Trojan Asteroids"
11042:. 6 January 2011.
10398:on 2 February 2002
10357:. CNEOS NASA/JPL.
9991:Cornell University
9839:The New York Times
9155:The New York Times
9148:(3 October 2013).
8718:on 12 January 2019
8324:. Houston, Texas:
7693:Trujillo, Chadwick
7689:Sheppard, Scott S.
7433:See, for example,
6318:on 29 January 2007
5594:10.1007/BF00151270
4064:
4037:
4010:
3983:
3954:
3789:
3701:Planetary mnemonic
3649:Outer space portal
3593:Parker Solar Probe
3584:, such as the two
3559:general relativity
3512:
3455:Christiaan Huygens
3432:transit of Mercury
3375:
3271:
3157:Proxima Centauri b
3130:
3095:
3009:
2915:
2852:
2768:
2751:sednoid population
2693:
2615:
2567:collisional family
2565:. It is part of a
2437:
2425:
2399:largely unexplored
2082:ionizing radiation
2026:
2008:The outer planets
1969:Outer Solar System
1842:
1731:
1670:made of water and
1636:very fine regolith
1480:âwhich form their
1462:
1437:Terrestrial planet
1402:Inner Solar System
1384:geomagnetic storms
1240:
1195:
1189:Comparison of the
1065:
978:
966:
899:outer Solar System
891:inner Solar System
850:
825:Present and future
709:
666:long-period comets
658:interstellar space
650:astronomical units
631:natural satellites
375:detected at 120 AU
320:Star spectral type
294:minor planets
270:more candidates...
214:dwarf planets
39:
18:Inner Solar System
23121:Planetary science
23033:
23032:
22982:Sagan Planet Walk
22978:(Lofoten, Norway)
22966:(Zagreb, Croatia)
22835:
22834:
22738:Substellar object
22717:Planetary nebulae
22136:Luminous red nova
22046:Deuterium burning
22032:
22031:
21515:Instability strip
21495:Wolf-Rayet nebula
21449:Horizontal branch
21394:Pre-main-sequence
21306:
21305:
21302:
21301:
21298:
21297:
21255:
21254:
21251:
21250:
21208:
21207:
21204:
21203:
21010:
21009:
21006:
21005:
20936:
20935:
20821:Quantum cosmology
20807:Planetary geology
20600:
20599:
20311:Celestial subject
20158:
20157:
20003:
20002:
19999:
19998:
19976:Lagrangian points
19948:by discovery date
19546:Human spaceflight
19517:historical models
19410:
19409:
19029:S/2015 (136472) 1
18192:Library resources
18150:
18029:978-0-553-59337-2
17475:978-0-3078-0105-0
17362:(Subscription or
17252:ESA Space Science
17119:978-0-511-34982-9
17092:978-1-4051-8183-9
17047:Popular Astronomy
16663:978-0-387-21851-9
16278:(7794): 237â239.
16156:(7794): 237â239.
16084:(7893): 334â337.
15941:(7617): 437â440.
15790:978-0-486-43602-9
15371:(7493): 471â474.
15185:(6820): 589â591.
14862:on 7 October 2015
14375:10.1029/93JA01171
13866:Brown, Michael E.
13716:(7947): 239â243.
13441:978-3-319-23003-0
13401:(23 March 2009).
13335:978-0-816-52755-7
13286:. 6 August 2021.
13280:"In Depth: Pluto"
13251:10.1119/1.1389278
13237:(10): 1096â1102.
12738:(February 2015).
12541:(4979): 410â415.
12330:(12): 1741â1783.
11971:(7165): 1019â21.
11920:on 26 March 2009.
11698:978-0-521-80090-7
11656:(12): 1517â1522.
11347:"Asteroid 2014 YX
11302:(7357): 481â483.
11114:(6082): 694â697.
11002:Lakdawalla, Emily
10788:(11): 2267â2293.
10567:. 14 April 2000.
9997:on 3 January 2009
9803:on 18 August 2011
9464:978-0-19-504284-9
9279:. 6 August 2006.
9164:on 3 October 2013
9131:978-1-4987-5428-6
8885:Nature Geoscience
8376:. 22 April 2003.
8335:978-1-947-17224-1
8213:978-3-540-20617-0
7964:978-0-691-05781-1
7879:on 2 January 2008
7549:978-0-8165-2844-8
7476:(12): 2084â2090.
7236:10.1119/1.1986734
6904:Sands, Matthew L.
6870:978-0-521-71590-4
6733:(7090): 192â194.
6639:978-0-134-87436-4
6544:(6965): 419â421.
6514:978-0-12-088589-3
6403:Eddy, J. (1979).
5727:(7041): 466â469.
5451:978-0-134-87436-4
5132:Nature Geoscience
4786:(12): 2563â2575.
4535:. 10 April 2017.
4169:astronomical unit
3748:found to date in
3475:trigonometrically
3436:Jeremiah Horrocks
3423:Rudolphine Tables
3353:extinction events
3253:Location of Earth
3247:Galactic position
3092:logarithmic scale
2935:atmospheric entry
2880:Kreutz sungrazers
2780:termination shock
2582:S/2015 (136472) 1
2433:orbital resonance
1638:and dominated by
1476:minerals such as
1302:population I star
1175:subsurface oceans
738:and a hot, dense
664:, the source for
638:charged particles
445:
444:
16:(Redirected from
23138:
23098:
23097:
23096:
23086:
23085:
23074:
23073:
23072:
23062:
23061:
23060:
23050:
23049:
23048:
23041:
22960:(Zadar, Croatia)
22927:
22888:Armillary sphere
22862:
22855:
22848:
22839:
22838:
22827:Stars portal
22825:
22824:
22813:
22812:
22469:Planetary system
22392:Strömgren sphere
22264:Asteroseismology
21985:Black hole star
21557:
21556:
21483:Planetary nebula
21444:Red-giant branch
21333:
21326:
21319:
21310:
21309:
21290:
21275:
21274:
21265:Sub-brown dwarfs
21261:
21260:
21240:
21223:
21222:
21214:
21213:
21196:
21183:
21170:
21157:
21147:
21134:
21090:
21078:
21073:
21044:
21027:
21026:
21016:
21015:
20997:
20996:
20993:
20988:
20982:
20981:
20963:
20956:
20949:
20940:
20939:
20929:
20925:
20924:
20917:
20913:
20912:
20897:
20888:
20881:
20874:
20867:
20858:
20851:
20844:
20842:Medieval Islamic
20837:
20830:
20823:
20816:
20809:
20802:
20795:
20786:
20779:
20772:
20765:
20758:
20749:
20742:
20735:
20728:
20726:Astroinformatics
20721:
20714:
20707:
20705:Archaeoastronomy
20689:
20682:
20675:
20668:
20666:Keck Observatory
20661:
20654:
20647:
20640:
20633:
20626:
20619:
20593:
20584:
20577:
20570:
20563:
20561:Medieval Islamic
20556:
20549:
20542:
20535:
20528:
20521:
20514:
20507:
20500:
20480:
20473:
20466:
20459:
20452:
20445:
20438:
20420:
20411:
20404:
20397:
20390:
20388:
20380:
20378:
20366:
20359:
20339:
20332:
20325:
20303:
20296:
20289:
20282:
20269:
20268:
20257:
20250:
20243:
20236:
20229:
20220:
20213:
20206:
20185:
20178:
20171:
20162:
20161:
20152:
20150:
20141:
20134:
20127:
20120:
20114:
20108:
20102:
20095:
20088:
20081:
20074:
20067:
20060:
20047:
20046:
20045:
20035:
20034:
20033:
20023:
20022:
20021:
19724:Exozodiacal dust
19414:
19413:
19380:Detached objects
18616:
18615:
18612:
18611:
18456:
18438:
18431:
18424:
18415:
18414:
18409:
18401:
18400:
18399:
18392:
18391:from Wikiversity
18384:
18383:
18382:
18375:
18367:
18366:
18365:
18358:
18350:
18349:
18348:
18341:
18333:
18332:
18331:
18324:
18316:
18315:
18314:
18307:
18299:
18298:
18297:
18290:
18282:
18281:
18280:
18270:
18238:
18230:
18174:
18172:
18161:
18160:
18151:
18141:
18139:
18135:
18130:
18116:
18115:
18113:
18111:
18096:
18090:
18089:
18087:
18085:
18068:
18062:
18061:
18059:
18057:
18040:
18034:
18033:
18006:
18000:
17999:
17997:
17995:
17990:. 4 October 2018
17984:
17978:
17977:
17975:
17973:
17967:science.nasa.gov
17959:
17953:
17952:
17950:
17948:
17931:
17925:
17924:
17922:
17920:
17897:
17891:
17890:
17888:
17886:
17867:
17861:
17860:
17858:
17856:
17836:
17830:
17829:
17827:
17825:
17816:. Archived from
17805:
17799:
17798:
17796:
17794:
17779:
17773:
17772:
17770:
17768:
17748:
17742:
17738:
17710:
17704:
17703:
17701:
17699:
17657:
17633:
17627:
17626:
17606:
17600:
17599:
17563:
17557:
17556:
17554:
17552:
17546:
17507:
17498:
17492:
17491:
17489:
17487:
17452:
17446:
17445:
17443:
17441:
17403:
17397:
17393:
17391:
17389:
17367:
17359:
17347:
17339:
17337:
17335:
17311:
17305:
17304:
17302:
17274:
17268:
17267:
17265:
17263:
17244:
17238:
17237:
17235:
17233:
17177:
17171:
17170:
17150:
17144:
17143:
17141:
17139:
17103:
17097:
17096:
17076:
17066:
17060:
17059:
17041:
17035:
17034:
17032:
17030:
17002:
16996:
16995:
16993:
16991:
16965:
16963:20.500.12128/534
16955:
16931:
16925:
16924:
16922:
16920:
16886:
16862:
16856:
16855:
16853:
16851:
16831:
16820:
16819:
16817:
16815:
16773:
16749:
16743:
16742:
16716:
16714:astro-ph/0408107
16694:
16688:
16687:
16685:
16683:
16647:
16641:
16640:
16638:
16636:
16616:
16610:
16609:
16591:
16571:
16565:
16564:
16554:
16534:
16528:
16527:
16501:
16499:astro-ph/0101259
16479:
16473:
16472:
16470:
16468:
16440:
16431:
16430:
16428:
16410:
16401:(3): 6126â6138.
16384:
16378:
16377:
16351:
16328:
16322:
16321:
16287:
16261:
16255:
16254:
16228:
16206:
16200:
16199:
16165:
16142:
16136:
16135:
16093:
16063:
16057:
16056:
16038:
16020:
15994:
15985:
15984:
15950:
15924:
15918:
15917:
15907:
15889:
15863:
15857:
15856:
15846:
15828:
15801:
15795:
15794:
15778:
15768:
15762:
15761:
15759:
15757:
15735:
15729:
15728:
15702:
15682:
15676:
15675:
15672:The Solar System
15664:
15658:
15657:
15651:
15643:
15625:
15614:Nature Astronomy
15609:
15603:
15602:
15600:
15582:
15558:
15552:
15551:
15549:
15547:
15537:
15519:
15493:
15487:
15486:
15484:
15482:
15472:
15454:
15428:
15422:
15421:
15419:
15417:
15411:
15408:
15403:. Archived from
15360:
15344:
15338:
15337:
15311:
15289:
15283:
15282:
15280:
15278:
15259:
15253:
15252:
15250:
15248:
15228:
15219:
15218:
15199:10.1038/35054508
15174:
15165:
15164:
15162:
15160:
15140:
15134:
15133:
15115:
15097:
15071:
15065:
15064:
15062:
15060:
15054:
15023:
15021:astro-ph/0201291
15014:(5): 2857â2861.
15003:
14994:
14988:
14987:
14985:
14983:
14964:
14958:
14957:
14939:
14907:
14901:
14900:
14878:
14872:
14871:
14869:
14867:
14858:. Archived from
14848:
14842:
14841:
14839:
14837:
14831:
14820:
14812:
14806:
14805:
14803:
14801:
14753:
14747:
14746:
14708:
14702:
14701:
14699:
14661:
14655:
14654:
14634:
14628:
14627:
14625:
14623:
14604:
14598:
14597:
14595:
14593:
14572:
14566:
14565:
14539:
14504:
14498:
14497:
14479:
14461:
14435:
14429:
14428:
14426:
14424:
14405:
14399:
14398:
14396:
14394:
14346:
14340:
14339:
14329:
14280:
14274:
14273:
14271:
14269:
14254:"The Heliopedia"
14249:
14243:
14241:
14239:
14237:
14232:on 8 August 2017
14231:
14225:. Archived from
14206:
14197:
14186:
14185:
14183:
14181:
14162:"Sedna â 2003 VB
14157:
14151:
14150:
14140:
14122:
14092:
14086:
14085:
14075:
14057:
14033:
14020:
14019:
14009:
13991:
13961:
13955:
13954:
13952:
13920:
13914:
13913:
13862:
13856:
13855:
13853:
13851:
13832:
13826:
13825:
13823:
13821:
13801:
13795:
13794:
13792:
13790:
13784:
13767:
13756:
13750:
13749:
13699:
13693:
13692:
13682:
13664:
13638:
13632:
13631:
13629:
13627:
13614:(5 April 2008).
13608:
13602:
13601:
13599:
13597:
13588:. 19 July 2009.
13578:
13572:
13571:
13561:
13529:
13523:
13522:
13520:
13518:
13499:
13493:
13492:
13490:
13488:
13472:
13466:
13465:
13463:
13461:
13425:
13419:
13418:
13416:
13414:
13399:Michael E. Brown
13395:
13389:
13388:
13386:
13384:
13369:
13363:
13362:
13360:
13358:
13352:
13323:
13311:
13300:
13299:
13297:
13295:
13276:
13270:
13269:
13267:
13265:
13259:
13253:. Archived from
13226:
13217:
13211:
13210:
13182:
13176:
13175:
13157:
13136:
13130:
13129:
13127:
13125:
13119:
13088:
13079:
13073:
13072:
13046:
13044:astro-ph/0309251
13023:
13017:
13016:
13014:
13012:
13006:
12975:
12973:astro-ph/0301458
12955:
12946:
12940:
12939:
12937:
12935:
12929:
12898:
12896:astro-ph/0510029
12878:
12866:
12860:
12859:
12858:on 7 April 2019.
12854:. Archived from
12821:
12816:
12812:(229762) 2007 UK
12805:
12796:
12795:
12779:
12769:
12760:
12759:
12757:
12755:
12732:
12726:
12725:
12683:
12661:
12655:
12654:
12644:
12642:astro-ph/0702538
12627:
12621:
12620:
12618:
12616:
12607:. Archived from
12596:
12590:
12589:
12587:
12585:
12579:
12530:
12522:Shoemaker, E. M.
12517:
12511:
12510:
12508:
12506:
12487:
12481:
12480:
12450:
12444:
12443:
12417:
12415:astro-ph/0410059
12397:
12391:
12390:
12362:
12356:
12355:
12316:
12310:
12309:
12307:
12305:
12289:
12283:
12282:
12280:
12278:
12272:
12241:
12239:astro-ph/0703059
12223:
12214:
12205:
12204:
12178:
12169:
12160:
12159:
12157:
12155:
12144:
12138:
12137:
12135:
12133:
12118:
12112:
12111:
12109:
12107:
12087:
12078:
12077:
12075:
12073:
12067:
12020:
12011:
12005:
12004:
11958:
11952:
11951:
11949:
11947:
11928:
11922:
11921:
11919:
11913:. Archived from
11898:
11889:
11883:
11882:
11880:
11878:
11869:. Archived from
11867:Brown University
11858:
11852:
11851:
11807:
11801:
11800:
11756:
11750:
11749:
11747:
11745:
11717:
11711:
11710:
11687:(9th ed.).
11680:
11674:
11673:
11645:
11636:
11635:
11633:
11631:
11626:on 26 March 2009
11625:
11619:. Archived from
11614:
11605:
11599:
11598:
11596:
11594:
11575:
11569:
11568:
11566:
11564:
11539:(2â3): 143â151.
11524:
11515:
11514:
11512:
11510:
11491:
11485:
11484:
11482:
11450:
11444:
11443:
11417:
11397:
11391:
11390:
11388:
11370:
11361:(2): 1561â1568.
11342:
11336:
11335:
11289:
11283:
11282:
11280:
11278:
11259:
11253:
11252:
11244:
11238:
11237:
11217:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11206:
11197:. Archived from
11191:
11185:
11184:
11182:
11180:
11170:
11154:
11148:
11147:
11103:
11097:
11096:
11094:
11062:
11056:
11055:
11053:
11051:
11032:
11026:
11025:
11023:
11021:
10998:
10989:
10988:
10986:
10984:
10974:
10958:
10952:
10951:
10949:
10947:
10938:. 6 April 2017.
10928:
10922:
10921:
10919:
10917:
10897:
10891:
10890:
10888:
10886:
10880:
10874:. Vol. 12.
10869:
10860:
10854:
10853:
10829:Nature Astronomy
10822:
10816:
10815:
10805:
10773:
10767:
10766:
10763:
10757:
10755:
10740:
10734:
10733:
10731:
10729:
10723:
10708:
10677:Nature Astronomy
10674:
10665:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10654:
10638:
10632:
10631:
10629:
10627:
10587:
10581:
10580:
10578:
10576:
10557:
10551:
10550:
10532:
10515:(6): 2869â2886.
10500:
10494:
10493:
10491:
10489:
10483:
10477:. Archived from
10450:
10441:
10435:
10434:
10414:
10408:
10407:
10405:
10403:
10394:. Archived from
10377:
10371:
10370:
10368:
10366:
10351:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10340:
10334:
10307:
10298:
10292:
10291:
10289:
10287:
10268:
10259:
10258:
10256:
10254:
10244:
10226:
10200:
10194:
10193:
10167:
10147:
10141:
10140:
10110:
10104:
10091:
10085:
10084:
10082:
10080:
10038:
10013:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10002:
9993:. Archived from
9983:
9977:
9976:
9974:
9972:
9957:
9951:
9950:
9945:
9943:
9924:
9918:
9917:
9911:
9909:
9894:
9888:
9887:
9885:
9883:
9878:on 22 April 2009
9862:
9856:
9855:
9853:
9851:
9829:
9823:
9817:
9816:
9812:
9810:
9808:
9799:. Archived from
9788:
9782:
9781:
9745:
9739:
9733:
9732:
9702:
9696:
9695:
9693:
9691:
9686:on 14 March 2020
9682:. Archived from
9671:
9665:
9664:
9656:
9650:
9649:
9647:
9645:
9626:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9615:
9590:: news040503â6.
9579:
9573:
9572:
9570:
9537:
9531:
9530:
9528:
9526:
9506:
9500:
9499:
9497:
9495:
9475:
9469:
9468:
9446:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9420:
9414:
9413:
9388:
9363:
9357:
9356:
9354:
9352:
9338:
9332:
9331:
9329:
9327:
9299:
9293:
9292:
9290:
9288:
9269:
9263:
9262:
9260:
9258:
9238:
9232:
9231:
9229:
9227:
9207:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9196:
9191:on 8 August 2010
9180:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9169:
9163:
9158:. Archived from
9142:
9136:
9135:
9115:
9109:
9108:
9106:
9104:
9089:
9083:
9082:
9080:
9078:
9059:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9018:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9007:
9001:
8995:. Archived from
8990:
8981:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8964:
8957:
8946:
8940:
8939:
8937:
8935:
8929:
8905:10.1038/ngeo2971
8882:
8873:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8862:
8843:
8837:
8836:
8807:(1â4): 161â186.
8796:
8790:
8789:
8763:
8734:
8728:
8727:
8725:
8723:
8707:
8701:
8700:
8698:
8696:
8690:
8684:. Archived from
8674:2060/20020090713
8659:
8633:
8625:Solomon, Sean C.
8617:
8608:
8607:
8590:(3â4): 283â296.
8578:
8572:
8571:
8569:
8567:
8519:
8510:
8509:
8489:
8469:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8439:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8355:
8311:
8305:
8304:
8302:
8300:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8269:
8249:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8233:
8197:
8191:
8190:
8172:
8154:
8152:astro-ph/0012399
8132:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8089:
8083:
8082:
8056:
8035:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8024:
8005:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7994:
7975:
7969:
7968:
7948:
7938:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7895:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7884:
7869:
7863:
7862:
7836:
7834:astro-ph/0404240
7814:
7808:
7807:
7781:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7734:
7716:
7685:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7613:
7591:
7576:
7565:
7563:
7561:
7533:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7517:on 10 April 2015
7513:. Archived from
7500:
7494:
7493:
7463:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7431:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7405:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7389:on 12 April 2011
7379:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7368:
7359:. Archived from
7348:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7317:
7311:
7310:
7266:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7222:(7): 1014â1023.
7207:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7196:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7143:
7121:
7115:
7114:
7088:
7066:
7060:
7059:
7033:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7019:
6991:
6985:
6984:
6958:
6956:astro-ph/0111600
6938:
6932:
6931:
6892:
6883:
6882:
6843:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6716:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6705:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6658:
6652:
6651:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6584:
6578:
6577:
6528:
6519:
6518:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6463:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6444:on 4 August 2011
6433:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6341:Krasinsky, G. A.
6337:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6317:
6311:. Archived from
6306:
6297:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:astro-ph/0512256
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6245:(1): 1.12â1.19.
6228:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6180:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6127:
6112:Nature Astronomy
6103:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6054:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6014:
6008:
6007:
5997:
5979:
5953:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5927:
5909:
5900:(3): 6126â6138.
5883:
5877:
5876:
5866:
5856:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5781:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5744:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5667:
5661:
5660:
5634:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5569:
5560:
5559:
5533:
5531:astro-ph/0104292
5507:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5490:
5471:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5437:
5422:
5421:
5395:
5393:astro-ph/0501592
5373:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5252:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5209:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5178:Zabludoff, Ann.
5175:
5164:
5163:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5106:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5022:science.nasa.gov
5014:
5005:
5004:
4994:
4976:
4967:(2): 1105â1114.
4950:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4931:
4922:(4): 4287â4297.
4905:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4831:. Archived from
4820:
4814:
4813:
4803:
4775:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4751:
4733:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4674:
4672:astro-ph/0301458
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4635:science.nasa.gov
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4596:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4408:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4327:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4227:
4207:
4185:
4181:
4172:
4165:
4159:
4148:
4142:
4135:
4129:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4009:
4008:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3928:
3927:
3903:
3902:
3890:
3889:
3868:
3867:
3846:
3845:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3777:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3742:
3733:
3718:
3665:
3663:Astronomy portal
3660:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3539:stellar parallax
3535:Friedrich Bessel
3440:transit of Venus
3379:Late Middle Ages
3349:Shiva hypothesis
3287:OrionâCygnus Arm
3261:Orbit of the Sun
3242:
3238:
3149:Proxima Centauri
3077:G. A. Chebotarev
3069:
3061:
3057:
3053:
2964:
2960:
2786:relative to the
2733:inner Oort cloud
2630:
2629:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2468:
2320:
2319:
2255:
2254:
2148:
2147:
2118:, consisting of
2067:
2066:
2051:hydrogen sulfide
1892:
1891:
1875:activity, where
1862:
1861:
1815:
1753:
1752:
1661:
1660:
1574:
1573:
1555:greenhouse gases
1548:
1547:
1514:
1513:
1426:
1366:
1330:planetary system
1133:Earth's diameter
1075:
1071:
1044:angular momentum
1037:numerical models
875:heavier elements
871:planetary nebula
737:
724:pre-solar nebula
674:Proxima Centauri
671:
419:24,000â28,000 ly
354:
338:
314:Planetary system
119:Proxima Centauri
96:OrionâCygnus Arm
87:
49:
42:
38:
21:
23146:
23145:
23141:
23140:
23139:
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23080:
23070:
23068:
23058:
23056:
23046:
23044:
23036:
23034:
23029:
22998:
22942:(Akaa, Finland)
22928:
22919:
22871:
22866:
22836:
22831:
22819:
22801:
22726:
22695:Milky Way novae
22631:Smallest volume
22575:
22556:Radial velocity
22479:
22473:
22425:Common envelope
22401:
22300:
22269:Helioseismology
22240:Bipolar outflow
22181:Microturbulence
22176:Convection zone
22157:
22051:Lithium burning
22038:Nucleosynthesis
22028:
21910:
21819:
21546:
21425:
21374:Molecular cloud
21355:
21342:
21337:
21307:
21294:
21288:
21267:
21247:
21238:
21200:
21194:
21181:
21168:
21155:
21145:
21132:
21131:
21124:
21099:red dwarf
21088:
21081:Alpha Centauri
21070:
21051:
21042:
21021:
21002:
20985:
20976:
20967:
20937:
20932:
20920:
20908:
20900:
20893:
20884:
20877:
20872:X-ray telescope
20870:
20863:
20854:
20847:
20840:
20833:
20826:
20819:
20812:
20805:
20798:
20791:
20782:
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20678:
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20559:
20552:
20545:
20538:
20531:
20524:
20517:
20510:
20503:
20496:
20483:
20478:Multi-messenger
20476:
20469:
20462:
20455:
20448:
20441:
20434:
20423:
20416:
20407:
20400:
20393:
20386:
20383:
20374:
20369:
20362:
20355:
20344:
20335:
20328:
20317:
20306:
20301:Space telescope
20299:
20292:
20285:
20278:
20260:
20253:
20246:
20239:
20232:
20225:
20216:
20209:
20202:
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20043:
20041:
20031:
20029:
20019:
20017:
20004:
19995:
19959:
19896:
19880:vs. Hill sphere
19806:Molecular cloud
19734:Sample curation
19714:Detached object
19653:
19646:
19490:
19482:
19419:
19406:
19351:Neptune trojans
19134:
19132:
19130:
19123:
19059:
18752:
18623:
18605:
18491:
18454:
18447:
18442:
18412:
18402:
18397:
18395:
18385:
18380:
18378:
18368:
18363:
18361:
18357:from Wikisource
18351:
18346:
18344:
18334:
18329:
18327:
18317:
18312:
18310:
18300:
18295:
18293:
18289:from Wiktionary
18283:
18278:
18276:
18273:
18269:sister projects
18266:at Knowledge's
18225:
18222:
18221:
18220:
18200:
18199:
18195:
18188:
18187:
18176:
18170:
18168:
18165:This audio file
18162:
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17093:
17079:Wiley-Blackwell
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15490:
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15478:
15429:
15425:
15415:
15413:
15409:
15358:
15345:
15341:
15295:Physics Reports
15290:
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12876:
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12863:
12819:
12815:
12811:
12806:
12799:
12792:
12770:
12763:
12753:
12751:
12733:
12729:
12674:(7494): 72â75.
12662:
12658:
12635:. p. 161.
12628:
12624:
12614:
12612:
12597:
12593:
12583:
12581:
12577:
12528:
12518:
12514:
12504:
12502:
12489:
12488:
12484:
12451:
12447:
12398:
12394:
12363:
12359:
12320:Esposito, L. W.
12317:
12313:
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12301:
12290:
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12008:
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11911:
11896:
11890:
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11859:
11855:
11808:
11804:
11757:
11753:
11743:
11741:
11734:
11718:
11714:
11699:
11691:. p. 240.
11681:
11677:
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11602:
11592:
11590:
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11063:
11059:
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11019:
11017:
10999:
10992:
10982:
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10925:
10915:
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10898:
10894:
10884:
10882:
10878:
10867:
10861:
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10823:
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10774:
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10672:
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10574:
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10442:
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10399:
10378:
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10364:
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10353:
10352:
10348:
10338:
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10332:
10305:
10299:
10295:
10285:
10283:
10270:
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10201:
10197:
10148:
10144:
10111:
10107:
10101:Wayback Machine
10092:
10088:
10078:
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10000:
9998:
9985:
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9968:
9959:
9958:
9954:
9941:
9939:
9934:. 6 June 2023.
9926:
9925:
9921:
9907:
9905:
9896:
9895:
9891:
9881:
9879:
9864:
9863:
9859:
9849:
9847:
9830:
9826:
9814:
9806:
9804:
9789:
9785:
9746:
9742:
9730:
9726:Wayback Machine
9715:Wayback Machine
9703:
9699:
9689:
9687:
9672:
9668:
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9643:
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9628:
9627:
9623:
9613:
9611:
9580:
9576:
9538:
9534:
9524:
9522:
9507:
9503:
9493:
9491:
9476:
9472:
9465:
9447:
9443:
9433:
9431:
9430:on 8 March 2010
9422:
9421:
9417:
9367:Metzger, Philip
9364:
9360:
9350:
9348:
9340:
9339:
9335:
9325:
9323:
9316:
9300:
9296:
9286:
9284:
9271:
9270:
9266:
9256:
9254:
9239:
9235:
9225:
9223:
9208:
9204:
9194:
9192:
9185:"Climate Zones"
9181:
9177:
9167:
9165:
9143:
9139:
9132:
9116:
9112:
9102:
9100:
9099:on 8 April 2010
9091:
9090:
9086:
9076:
9074:
9061:
9060:
9056:
9019:
9015:
9005:
9003:
9002:on 14 June 2007
8999:
8988:
8982:
8978:
8968:
8966:
8965:on 14 June 2007
8962:
8955:
8947:
8943:
8933:
8931:
8927:
8880:
8874:
8870:
8860:
8858:
8845:
8844:
8840:
8797:
8793:
8761:10.1.1.676.5383
8735:
8731:
8721:
8719:
8708:
8704:
8694:
8692:
8691:on 21 July 2018
8688:
8657:10.1.1.715.4402
8642:(4503): 62â76.
8631:
8618:
8611:
8579:
8575:
8565:
8563:
8520:
8513:
8506:
8474:Schaefer, Laura
8470:
8466:
8456:
8454:
8441:
8440:
8436:
8397:
8393:
8383:
8381:
8368:
8367:
8363:
8353:
8351:
8336:
8312:
8308:
8298:
8296:
8281:
8277:
8267:
8265:
8250:
8241:
8231:
8229:
8214:
8198:
8194:
8170:10.1.1.254.7940
8133:
8129:
8090:
8086:
8036:
8032:
8022:
8020:
8007:
8006:
8002:
7992:
7990:
7977:
7976:
7972:
7965:
7939:
7935:
7896:
7892:
7882:
7880:
7871:
7870:
7866:
7815:
7811:
7760:
7756:
7686:
7682:
7672:
7670:
7647:
7643:
7592:
7579:
7574:Wayback Machine
7559:
7557:
7550:
7534:
7530:
7520:
7518:
7501:
7497:
7464:
7460:
7450:
7448:
7432:
7428:
7418:
7416:
7415:on 15 July 2010
7407:
7406:
7402:
7392:
7390:
7381:
7380:
7376:
7366:
7364:
7363:on 10 July 2016
7349:
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7267:
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7017:
7015:
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6992:
6988:
6939:
6935:
6920:
6893:
6886:
6871:
6851:Apostol, Tom M.
6844:
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6827:
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6810:
6794:
6790:
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6703:
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6177:
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6104:
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6090:
6088:
6081:cfa.harvard.edu
6075:
6074:
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6029:
6025:
6016:
6015:
6011:
5954:
5945:
5935:
5933:
5884:
5880:
5825:
5821:
5806:
5762:
5758:
5713:
5709:
5668:
5664:
5632:astroph/0306477
5613:
5609:
5570:
5563:
5508:
5504:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5469:
5463:
5459:
5452:
5438:
5425:
5374:
5370:
5360:
5358:
5351:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5293:(5706): 68â71.
5281:
5277:
5233:
5229:
5210:
5203:
5193:
5191:
5176:
5167:
5152:10.1038/NGEO941
5124:
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5029:
5016:
5015:
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4951:
4947:
4906:
4902:
4892:
4890:
4855:
4848:
4838:
4836:
4835:on 11 June 2020
4821:
4817:
4801:10.1.1.575.5091
4776:
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4552:
4542:
4540:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4512:
4510:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4454:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4390:
4379:
4377:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4182:
4175:
4166:
4162:
4149:
4145:
4136:
4132:
4126:Wayback Machine
4107:Wayback Machine
4086:
4082:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3945:
3941:
3923:
3919:
3898:
3894:
3885:
3881:
3863:
3859:
3841:
3837:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3771:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3743:
3736:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3647:
3642:
3640:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3604:Artemis program
3555:Albert Einstein
3463:rings of Saturn
3428:Pierre Gassendi
3414:Johannes Kepler
3367:
3361:
3321:Galactic Center
3263:
3249:
3240:
3236:
3120:Diagram of the
3114:
3102:Main articles:
3100:
3067:
3060:100,000 AU
3059:
3055:
3052:125,000 AU
3051:
2985:
2971:
2962:
2958:
2907:
2895:Main articles:
2893:
2848:Comet HaleâBopp
2841:
2835:
2830:
2784:peculiar motion
2760:
2698:semi-major axes
2685:distant objects
2665:
2659:
2627:
2626:
2607:
2601:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2447:" belt and the
2413:
2407:
2387:
2362:semi-major axes
2358:
2352:
2315:
2314:
2250:
2249:
2197:Saturn's E ring
2143:
2142:
2062:
2061:
2002:
1996:
1971:
1959:
1952:
1945:Lagrange points
1935:Hilda asteroids
1928:asteroid family
1887:
1886:
1857:
1856:
1813:
1806:
1765:are those with
1746:asteroid groups
1743:
1742:
1723:
1717:
1656:
1655:
1617:plate tectonics
1601:climate regions
1569:
1568:
1543:
1542:
1509:
1508:
1504:and volcanoes.
1439:
1433:
1424:
1404:
1364:
1232:
1226:
1191:habitable zones
1183:
1151:
1145:
1090:Platonic solids
1082:TitiusâBode law
1073:
1069:
1057:
954:
925:
915:
887:
827:
735:
713:molecular cloud
697:
692:
686:
669:
648:. Around 75â90
469:molecular cloud
430:
420:
415:Galactic Center
414:
392:Galactic Center
350:
344:Semi-major axis
336:
276:
275:
207:
206:
139:
138:
106:
105:
83:
63:
62:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
23144:
23134:
23133:
23128:
23123:
23118:
23103:
23102:
23090:
23078:
23076:Earth sciences
23066:
23054:
23031:
23030:
23028:
23027:
23022:
23017:
23012:
23006:
23004:
23000:
22999:
22997:
22996:
22991:
22985:
22979:
22976:Planet Lofoten
22973:
22967:
22961:
22955:
22952:Kystagerparken
22949:
22943:
22936:
22934:
22930:
22929:
22922:
22920:
22918:
22917:
22912:
22911:
22910:
22900:
22895:
22890:
22885:
22879:
22877:
22873:
22872:
22865:
22864:
22857:
22850:
22842:
22833:
22832:
22830:
22829:
22817:
22806:
22803:
22802:
22800:
22799:
22794:
22789:
22784:
22779:
22774:
22769:
22764:
22763:
22762:
22757:
22756:
22755:
22750:
22734:
22732:
22728:
22727:
22725:
22724:
22719:
22714:
22713:
22712:
22707:
22697:
22692:
22687:
22682:
22677:
22672:
22667:
22666:
22665:
22660:
22659:
22658:
22648:
22643:
22638:
22633:
22628:
22626:Largest volume
22623:
22618:
22613:
22603:
22602:
22601:
22596:
22585:
22583:
22577:
22576:
22574:
22573:
22568:
22563:
22558:
22553:
22552:
22551:
22546:
22541:
22531:
22526:
22521:
22516:
22511:
22510:
22509:
22504:
22499:
22494:
22483:
22481:
22475:
22474:
22472:
22471:
22466:
22465:
22464:
22459:
22454:
22444:
22439:
22438:
22437:
22432:
22427:
22422:
22411:
22409:
22403:
22402:
22400:
22399:
22394:
22389:
22384:
22379:
22374:
22369:
22364:
22359:
22354:
22349:
22344:
22339:
22337:Magnetic field
22334:
22329:
22324:
22319:
22314:
22308:
22306:
22302:
22301:
22299:
22298:
22293:
22288:
22283:
22278:
22273:
22272:
22271:
22261:
22260:
22259:
22254:
22247:Accretion disk
22244:
22243:
22242:
22237:
22227:
22226:
22225:
22223:Alfvén surface
22220:
22218:Stellar corona
22215:
22210:
22205:
22195:
22193:Radiation zone
22190:
22189:
22188:
22183:
22173:
22167:
22165:
22159:
22158:
22156:
22155:
22150:
22149:
22148:
22143:
22138:
22133:
22128:
22118:
22113:
22108:
22103:
22098:
22093:
22088:
22083:
22078:
22073:
22068:
22063:
22058:
22053:
22048:
22042:
22040:
22034:
22033:
22030:
22029:
22027:
22026:
22021:
22016:
22011:
22006:
22001:
22000:
21999:
21994:
21991:
21983:
21982:
21981:
21976:
21971:
21966:
21961:
21956:
21951:
21946:
21941:
21931:
21926:
21920:
21918:
21912:
21911:
21909:
21908:
21903:
21902:
21901:
21891:
21886:
21885:
21884:
21879:
21878:
21877:
21872:
21862:
21852:
21851:
21850:
21840:
21835:
21829:
21827:
21821:
21820:
21818:
21817:
21815:Blue straggler
21812:
21811:
21810:
21800:
21795:
21794:
21793:
21783:
21782:
21781:
21776:
21771:
21766:
21761:
21756:
21751:
21746:
21741:
21731:
21726:
21725:
21724:
21719:
21714:
21704:
21703:
21702:
21692:
21691:
21690:
21685:
21680:
21670:
21665:
21664:
21663:
21658:
21653:
21643:
21638:
21633:
21628:
21627:
21626:
21621:
21611:
21610:
21609:
21604:
21599:
21594:
21589:
21584:
21579:
21573:Main sequence
21571:
21566:
21560:
21554:
21552:Classification
21548:
21547:
21545:
21544:
21543:
21542:
21537:
21527:
21522:
21517:
21512:
21507:
21502:
21497:
21492:
21491:
21490:
21488:Protoplanetary
21480:
21475:
21474:
21473:
21468:
21458:
21457:
21456:
21446:
21441:
21435:
21433:
21427:
21426:
21424:
21423:
21418:
21413:
21408:
21407:
21406:
21401:
21396:
21391:
21381:
21376:
21371:
21365:
21363:
21357:
21356:
21354:
21353:
21347:
21344:
21343:
21336:
21335:
21328:
21321:
21313:
21304:
21303:
21300:
21299:
21296:
21295:
21293:
21292:
21285:WISE 0855â0714
21281:
21279:
21272:
21257:
21256:
21253:
21252:
21249:
21248:
21246:
21245:
21242:
21231:
21229:
21220:
21210:
21209:
21206:
21205:
21202:
21201:
21199:
21198:
21188:
21185:
21175:
21172:
21162:
21159:
21149:
21142:Barnard's Star
21138:
21136:
21126:
21125:
21123:
21122:
21104:
21097:
21094:
21093:
21092:
21079:
21068:
21061:
21059:
21053:
21052:
21050:
21049:
21046:
21035:
21033:
21024:
21012:
21011:
21008:
21007:
21004:
21003:
20994:
20978:
20977:
20966:
20965:
20958:
20951:
20943:
20934:
20933:
20931:
20930:
20918:
20905:
20902:
20901:
20899:
20898:
20891:
20890:
20889:
20882:
20875:
20861:
20860:
20859:
20852:
20845:
20838:
20824:
20817:
20810:
20803:
20796:
20789:
20788:
20787:
20773:
20766:
20759:
20750:
20743:
20736:
20729:
20722:
20719:Astrochemistry
20715:
20708:
20700:
20698:
20694:
20693:
20691:
20690:
20683:
20676:
20669:
20662:
20655:
20652:Hale Telescope
20648:
20641:
20634:
20627:
20620:
20612:
20610:
20602:
20601:
20598:
20597:
20595:
20594:
20587:
20586:
20585:
20571:
20564:
20557:
20550:
20543:
20536:
20529:
20522:
20515:
20508:
20501:
20493:
20491:
20485:
20484:
20482:
20481:
20474:
20467:
20460:
20453:
20446:
20439:
20431:
20429:
20425:
20424:
20422:
20421:
20414:
20413:
20412:
20398:
20391:
20385:Visible-light
20381:
20367:
20360:
20352:
20350:
20346:
20345:
20343:
20342:
20341:
20340:
20326:
20314:
20312:
20308:
20307:
20305:
20304:
20297:
20290:
20283:
20275:
20273:
20266:
20262:
20261:
20259:
20258:
20251:
20244:
20237:
20230:
20223:
20222:
20221:
20207:
20199:
20196:
20195:
20188:
20187:
20180:
20173:
20165:
20156:
20155:
20052:
20051:
20039:
20027:
20015:
20009:
20006:
20005:
20001:
20000:
19997:
19996:
19994:
19993:
19988:
19983:
19978:
19973:
19967:
19965:
19961:
19960:
19958:
19957:
19952:
19951:
19950:
19945:
19935:
19930:
19925:
19920:
19915:
19910:
19904:
19902:
19898:
19897:
19895:
19894:
19892:Scattered disc
19889:
19884:
19883:
19882:
19872:
19867:
19866:
19865:
19860:
19859:
19858:
19848:
19843:
19838:
19833:
19823:
19818:
19813:
19808:
19803:
19798:
19793:
19788:
19783:
19778:
19773:
19768:
19763:
19758:
19753:
19748:
19743:
19742:
19741:
19736:
19726:
19721:
19716:
19711:
19706:
19701:
19696:
19691:
19686:
19681:
19680:
19679:
19677:Excretion disk
19672:Accretion disk
19669:
19664:
19662:Star formation
19658:
19656:
19648:
19647:
19645:
19644:
19639:
19634:
19629:
19624:
19619:
19614:
19609:
19608:
19607:
19597:
19592:
19587:
19586:
19585:
19575:
19570:
19565:
19564:
19563:
19558:
19553:
19551:space stations
19543:
19542:
19541:
19536:
19526:
19525:
19524:
19519:
19514:
19504:
19498:
19496:
19484:
19483:
19481:
19480:
19475:
19470:
19465:
19460:
19455:
19450:
19445:
19440:
19435:
19430:
19424:
19422:
19411:
19408:
19407:
19405:
19404:
19399:
19398:
19397:
19392:
19390:Scattered disc
19387:
19382:
19377:
19376:
19375:
19370:
19355:
19354:
19353:
19348:
19338:
19337:
19336:
19331:
19326:
19321:
19316:
19311:
19306:
19301:
19296:
19286:
19281:
19276:
19275:
19274:
19269:
19264:
19259:
19258:
19257:
19252:
19242:
19237:
19232:
19222:
19221:
19220:
19215:
19210:
19205:
19200:
19195:
19190:
19185:
19177:
19172:
19171:
19170:
19165:
19155:
19150:
19145:
19139:
19137:
19125:
19124:
19122:
19121:
19116:
19111:
19106:
19101:
19096:
19091:
19081:
19076:
19069:
19067:
19061:
19060:
19058:
19057:
19056:
19055:
19045:
19044:
19043:
19033:
19032:
19031:
19021:
19020:
19019:
19009:
19008:
19007:
19002:
18992:
18991:
18990:
18985:
18980:
18975:
18970:
18960:
18959:
18958:
18948:
18947:
18946:
18941:
18936:
18931:
18921:
18920:
18919:
18914:
18909:
18904:
18899:
18894:
18884:
18883:
18882:
18877:
18872:
18867:
18862:
18857:
18852:
18847:
18842:
18837:
18827:
18826:
18825:
18820:
18815:
18810:
18805:
18795:
18794:
18793:
18788:
18778:
18777:
18776:
18771:
18762:
18760:
18754:
18753:
18751:
18750:
18749:
18748:
18743:
18738:
18733:
18728:
18723:
18718:
18713:
18708:
18698:
18697:
18696:
18695:
18694:
18689:
18679:
18678:
18677:
18672:
18657:
18656:
18655:
18650:
18645:
18640:
18629:
18627:
18610:
18607:
18606:
18604:
18603:
18596:
18589:
18582:
18575:
18568:
18561:
18554:
18547:
18542:
18537:
18532:
18527:
18520:
18515:
18510:
18505:
18500:
18452:
18449:
18448:
18441:
18440:
18433:
18426:
18418:
18411:
18410:
18393:
18376:
18374:from Wikibooks
18359:
18342:
18340:from Wikiquote
18325:
18308:
18291:
18262:
18260:
18259:
18254:
18249:
18244:
18239:
18219:
18218:
18213:
18208:
18202:
18201:
18190:
18189:
18177:
18163:
18156:
18144:
18127:
18126:
18124:
18123:External links
18121:
18118:
18117:
18091:
18063:
18035:
18028:
18012:, ed. (2010).
18010:Glenday, Craig
18001:
17979:
17954:
17926:
17892:
17862:
17831:
17800:
17774:
17743:
17721:(4): 361â364.
17705:
17648:(5): 454â458.
17628:
17622:978-1351020138
17621:
17601:
17574:(4): 377â387.
17558:
17516:(5): 335â348.
17493:
17474:
17447:
17429:978-0816524501
17428:
17398:
17396:
17395:
17368:
17345:"solar system"
17340:
17306:
17269:
17239:
17192:(2): 218â234.
17172:
17145:
17118:
17098:
17091:
17061:
17036:
17018:978-0300186611
17017:
16997:
16946:(4): 681â702.
16926:
16877:(3): 213â219.
16857:
16821:
16744:
16731:10.1086/424960
16707:(2): 872â884.
16689:
16662:
16642:
16611:
16582:(1): 221â238.
16566:
16529:
16516:10.1086/321556
16492:(1): 181â202.
16474:
16456:978-1107016385
16455:
16432:
16379:
16323:
16256:
16201:
16137:
16058:
15986:
15919:
15858:
15819:(2): L32:1â2.
15796:
15789:
15763:
15730:
15677:
15659:
15604:
15553:
15488:
15445:(1): 633â649.
15423:
15339:
15284:
15254:
15220:
15166:
15135:
15066:
15038:10.1086/339704
14989:
14959:
14902:
14895:
14873:
14843:
14807:
14748:
14703:
14682:(1): 316â324.
14656:
14629:
14599:
14567:
14499:
14430:
14400:
14341:
14275:
14244:
14187:
14163:
14152:
14098:
14087:
14021:
13967:
13956:
13935:(1): 331â334.
13915:
13880:(5831): 1585.
13857:
13827:
13796:
13775:978-0816527557
13774:
13751:
13694:
13633:
13603:
13573:
13524:
13494:
13467:
13440:
13420:
13390:
13364:
13334:
13301:
13271:
13260:on 7 June 2011
13212:
13193:(2): 851â862.
13177:
13131:
13074:
13037:(1): 113â124.
13018:
12990:10.1086/375207
12966:(1): 430â443.
12941:
12913:10.1086/501524
12889:(1): L43âL46.
12861:
12813:
12797:
12791:978-0120885893
12790:
12761:
12727:
12656:
12622:
12591:
12512:
12482:
12463:(1): 258â273.
12445:
12432:10.1086/426329
12392:
12357:
12311:
12284:
12206:
12161:
12139:
12113:
12079:
12029:(5713): 1234.
12006:
11953:
11923:
11909:
11884:
11853:
11802:
11751:
11733:978-0521410083
11732:
11712:
11697:
11675:
11637:
11600:
11570:
11516:
11486:
11480:10.1086/497571
11465:(6): 2900â11.
11445:
11392:
11348:
11337:
11284:
11254:
11239:
11212:
11186:
11149:
11098:
11077:(6): 841â853.
11057:
11027:
10990:
10953:
10936:Universe Today
10923:
10892:
10855:
10836:(2): 140â145.
10817:
10768:
10735:
10683:(6): 569â576.
10660:
10633:
10582:
10552:
10530:10.1086/429734
10495:
10461:(2): 338â347.
10436:
10425:(2): 757â765.
10409:
10372:
10346:
10293:
10260:
10217:(1): L49âL54.
10195:
10142:
10123:(1): 312â315.
10105:
10086:
10008:
9978:
9967:on 3 June 2009
9952:
9919:
9889:
9857:
9824:
9783:
9756:(1): 133â161.
9740:
9697:
9666:
9651:
9621:
9574:
9553:(3): 155â180.
9532:
9521:on 31 May 2010
9501:
9470:
9463:
9441:
9415:
9358:
9333:
9315:978-1009040334
9314:
9294:
9264:
9247:Universe Today
9233:
9202:
9175:
9137:
9130:
9110:
9084:
9054:
9013:
8976:
8941:
8868:
8838:
8791:
8729:
8702:
8621:Head, James W.
8609:
8573:
8534:(9): 786â792.
8511:
8505:978-0816540655
8504:
8464:
8434:
8391:
8361:
8334:
8306:
8275:
8239:
8212:
8192:
8145:(2): 307â313.
8127:
8121:10.1086/152434
8084:
8030:
8015:Solar Center.
8000:
7970:
7963:
7933:
7890:
7864:
7851:10.1086/423612
7827:(1): 497â507.
7809:
7754:
7680:
7641:
7577:
7548:
7528:
7495:
7458:
7426:
7400:
7374:
7343:
7312:
7283:10.1086/349957
7277:(2): 196â200.
7261:
7202:
7171:
7116:
7061:
7054:
7025:
7007:978-0429682803
7006:
6986:
6949:(1): 581â631.
6933:
6918:
6884:
6869:
6835:
6808:
6788:
6711:
6684:
6653:
6638:
6626:Donahue, Megan
6616:
6579:
6520:
6513:
6489:
6455:
6428:
6376:
6345:Pitjeva, E. V.
6329:
6287:
6266:
6223:
6197:
6175:
6118:(7): 580â584.
6098:
6068:
6045:(1): 117â128.
6023:
6009:
5970:(1): 155â163.
5943:
5878:
5819:
5804:
5756:
5707:
5662:
5607:
5561:
5548:10.1086/321795
5524:(2): 417â437.
5502:
5457:
5450:
5423:
5410:10.1086/429160
5368:
5350:978-0309041935
5349:
5328:
5275:
5243:(2). id. 146.
5227:
5201:
5165:
5138:(9): 637â641.
5118:
5069:
5039:
5006:
4945:
4900:
4846:
4815:
4767:
4702:
4689:10.1086/375207
4665:(1): 430â443.
4647:
4621:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4550:
4520:
4490:
4464:
4434:
4388:
4352:
4319:
4293:
4263:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4173:
4160:
4143:
4130:
4088:Capitalization
4080:
4061:
4057:
4034:
4030:
4007:
4003:
3980:
3976:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3803:and the north
3788:
3769:
3734:
3730:Scattered Disc
3712:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3652:
3638:
3622:
3619:
3600:Apollo program
3493:laws of motion
3471:solar parallax
3363:Main article:
3360:
3357:
3328:Sagittarius A*
3314:galactic plane
3248:
3245:
3237:50,000 AU
3183:Radcliffe Wave
3142:Sun-like stars
3134:Alpha Centauri
3099:
3096:
3068:70,000 AU
3056:50,000 AU
2970:
2967:
2954:zodiacal light
2892:
2889:
2837:Main article:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2813:fluid dynamics
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2661:Main article:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2643:
2605:Scattered disc
2603:Main article:
2600:
2599:Scattered disc
2597:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2570:
2548:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2485:. Pluto has a
2483:ecliptic plane
2456:
2409:Main article:
2406:
2403:
2386:
2383:
2379:10199 Chariklo
2354:Main article:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2333:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2284:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2219:
2200:
2177:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2116:Galilean moons
2112:
2074:Great Red Spot
2055:carbon dioxide
1998:Main article:
1995:
1992:
1970:
1967:
1963:Jupiter trojan
1957:
1950:
1932:
1931:
1918:
1899:HED meteorites
1884:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1784:
1778:
1719:Main article:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1684:differentiated
1672:carbon dioxide
1668:white ice caps
1653:
1652:
1651:
1648:partial vacuum
1640:impact craters
1566:
1551:carbon dioxide
1540:
1435:Main article:
1432:
1429:
1427:from the Sun.
1403:
1400:
1392:magnetic poles
1390:seen near the
1318:galactic bulge
1228:Main article:
1225:
1222:
1182:
1179:
1147:Main article:
1144:
1141:
1076:from the Sun.
1056:
1053:
997:Halley's Comet
953:
950:
941:light pressure
914:
911:
886:
883:
826:
823:
804:proposes that
696:
693:
688:Main article:
685:
682:
644:, forming the
491:. Astronomers
455:system of the
443:
442:
436:
435:Orbital period
432:
431:
428:
426:
422:
421:
418:
416:
410:
409:
406:
403:galactic plane
395:
394:
387:
386:
383:
377:
376:
373:
367:
366:
363:
357:
356:
347:
340:
339:
334:
328:
327:
322:
316:
315:
311:
310:
307:
300:
299:
296:
289:
288:
285:
278:
277:
274:
273:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
219:
218:
216:
209:
208:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
163:
162:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
131:Alpha Centauri
128:
121:
115:
114:
112:
108:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
80:
79:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
23143:
23132:
23129:
23127:
23126:Space science
23124:
23122:
23119:
23117:
23114:
23113:
23111:
23101:
23091:
23089:
23084:
23079:
23077:
23067:
23065:
23055:
23053:
23043:
23042:
23039:
23026:
23023:
23021:
23018:
23016:
23013:
23011:
23008:
23007:
23005:
23001:
22995:
22992:
22989:
22986:
22983:
22980:
22977:
22974:
22971:
22968:
22965:
22962:
22959:
22956:
22953:
22950:
22947:
22944:
22941:
22938:
22937:
22935:
22931:
22926:
22916:
22913:
22909:
22906:
22905:
22904:
22901:
22899:
22896:
22894:
22891:
22889:
22886:
22884:
22881:
22880:
22878:
22874:
22870:
22863:
22858:
22856:
22851:
22849:
22844:
22843:
22840:
22828:
22823:
22818:
22816:
22808:
22807:
22804:
22798:
22795:
22793:
22790:
22788:
22787:Intergalactic
22785:
22783:
22780:
22778:
22775:
22773:
22770:
22768:
22767:Galactic year
22765:
22761:
22758:
22754:
22751:
22749:
22746:
22745:
22744:
22741:
22740:
22739:
22736:
22735:
22733:
22729:
22723:
22720:
22718:
22715:
22711:
22708:
22706:
22703:
22702:
22701:
22698:
22696:
22693:
22691:
22688:
22686:
22683:
22681:
22678:
22676:
22673:
22671:
22668:
22664:
22661:
22657:
22654:
22653:
22652:
22649:
22647:
22646:Most luminous
22644:
22642:
22639:
22637:
22634:
22632:
22629:
22627:
22624:
22622:
22619:
22617:
22614:
22612:
22609:
22608:
22607:
22604:
22600:
22597:
22595:
22592:
22591:
22590:
22587:
22586:
22584:
22582:
22578:
22572:
22569:
22567:
22564:
22562:
22561:Proper motion
22559:
22557:
22554:
22550:
22547:
22545:
22542:
22540:
22537:
22536:
22535:
22532:
22530:
22527:
22525:
22524:Constellation
22522:
22520:
22517:
22515:
22512:
22508:
22505:
22503:
22500:
22498:
22495:
22493:
22492:Solar eclipse
22490:
22489:
22488:
22485:
22484:
22482:
22478:Earth-centric
22476:
22470:
22467:
22463:
22460:
22458:
22455:
22453:
22450:
22449:
22448:
22445:
22443:
22440:
22436:
22433:
22431:
22428:
22426:
22423:
22421:
22418:
22417:
22416:
22413:
22412:
22410:
22408:
22404:
22398:
22395:
22393:
22390:
22388:
22385:
22383:
22380:
22378:
22375:
22373:
22370:
22368:
22365:
22363:
22360:
22358:
22355:
22353:
22350:
22348:
22345:
22343:
22340:
22338:
22335:
22333:
22330:
22328:
22325:
22323:
22320:
22318:
22315:
22313:
22310:
22309:
22307:
22303:
22297:
22294:
22292:
22289:
22287:
22284:
22282:
22279:
22277:
22274:
22270:
22267:
22266:
22265:
22262:
22258:
22255:
22253:
22250:
22249:
22248:
22245:
22241:
22238:
22236:
22233:
22232:
22231:
22228:
22224:
22221:
22219:
22216:
22214:
22211:
22209:
22206:
22204:
22201:
22200:
22199:
22196:
22194:
22191:
22187:
22184:
22182:
22179:
22178:
22177:
22174:
22172:
22169:
22168:
22166:
22164:
22160:
22154:
22151:
22147:
22144:
22142:
22139:
22137:
22134:
22132:
22129:
22127:
22124:
22123:
22122:
22119:
22117:
22114:
22112:
22109:
22107:
22104:
22102:
22099:
22097:
22094:
22092:
22089:
22087:
22084:
22082:
22079:
22077:
22076:Alpha process
22074:
22072:
22069:
22067:
22064:
22062:
22059:
22057:
22054:
22052:
22049:
22047:
22044:
22043:
22041:
22039:
22035:
22025:
22022:
22020:
22017:
22015:
22012:
22010:
22007:
22005:
22002:
21998:
21995:
21992:
21990:
21987:
21986:
21984:
21980:
21977:
21975:
21972:
21970:
21967:
21965:
21962:
21960:
21957:
21955:
21952:
21950:
21947:
21945:
21942:
21940:
21937:
21936:
21935:
21932:
21930:
21927:
21925:
21922:
21921:
21919:
21917:
21913:
21907:
21904:
21900:
21897:
21896:
21895:
21892:
21890:
21887:
21883:
21880:
21876:
21873:
21871:
21868:
21867:
21866:
21863:
21861:
21858:
21857:
21856:
21853:
21849:
21848:Helium planet
21846:
21845:
21844:
21841:
21839:
21838:Parker's star
21836:
21834:
21831:
21830:
21828:
21826:
21822:
21816:
21813:
21809:
21806:
21805:
21804:
21801:
21799:
21796:
21792:
21789:
21788:
21787:
21784:
21780:
21777:
21775:
21772:
21770:
21769:Lambda Boötis
21767:
21765:
21762:
21760:
21757:
21755:
21752:
21750:
21747:
21745:
21742:
21740:
21737:
21736:
21735:
21732:
21730:
21727:
21723:
21720:
21718:
21715:
21713:
21710:
21709:
21708:
21705:
21701:
21698:
21697:
21696:
21693:
21689:
21686:
21684:
21681:
21679:
21676:
21675:
21674:
21671:
21669:
21666:
21662:
21659:
21657:
21654:
21652:
21649:
21648:
21647:
21644:
21642:
21639:
21637:
21634:
21632:
21629:
21625:
21622:
21620:
21617:
21616:
21615:
21612:
21608:
21605:
21603:
21600:
21598:
21595:
21593:
21590:
21588:
21585:
21583:
21580:
21578:
21575:
21574:
21572:
21570:
21567:
21565:
21562:
21561:
21558:
21555:
21553:
21549:
21541:
21538:
21536:
21535:Superluminous
21533:
21532:
21531:
21528:
21526:
21523:
21521:
21518:
21516:
21513:
21511:
21508:
21506:
21503:
21501:
21498:
21496:
21493:
21489:
21486:
21485:
21484:
21481:
21479:
21476:
21472:
21469:
21467:
21464:
21463:
21462:
21459:
21455:
21452:
21451:
21450:
21447:
21445:
21442:
21440:
21439:Main sequence
21437:
21436:
21434:
21432:
21428:
21422:
21419:
21417:
21416:Hayashi track
21414:
21412:
21409:
21405:
21402:
21400:
21397:
21395:
21392:
21390:
21387:
21386:
21385:
21382:
21380:
21377:
21375:
21372:
21370:
21367:
21366:
21364:
21362:
21358:
21352:
21349:
21348:
21345:
21341:
21334:
21329:
21327:
21322:
21320:
21315:
21314:
21311:
21286:
21283:
21282:
21280:
21276:
21273:
21271:
21270:rogue planets
21266:
21262:
21258:
21243:
21236:
21233:
21232:
21230:
21228:
21224:
21221:
21219:
21215:
21211:
21192:
21189:
21186:
21179:
21176:
21173:
21166:
21165:Lalande 21185
21163:
21160:
21153:
21150:
21143:
21140:
21139:
21137:
21135:
21127:
21121:
21117:
21113:
21109:
21105:
21102:
21098:
21095:
21086:
21083:
21082:
21080:
21077:
21069:
21066:
21063:
21062:
21060:
21058:
21054:
21047:
21040:
21037:
21036:
21034:
21032:
21028:
21025:
21023:
21020:Main-sequence
21017:
21013:
20998:
20995:
20992:
20983:
20979:
20975:
20972:
20964:
20959:
20957:
20952:
20950:
20945:
20944:
20941:
20928:
20919:
20916:
20907:
20906:
20903:
20896:
20892:
20887:
20883:
20880:
20876:
20873:
20869:
20868:
20866:
20862:
20857:
20853:
20850:
20846:
20843:
20839:
20836:
20832:
20831:
20829:
20825:
20822:
20818:
20815:
20811:
20808:
20804:
20801:
20797:
20794:
20790:
20785:
20781:
20780:
20778:
20777:Constellation
20774:
20771:
20767:
20764:
20760:
20757:
20756:
20751:
20748:
20744:
20741:
20737:
20734:
20730:
20727:
20723:
20720:
20716:
20713:
20709:
20706:
20702:
20701:
20699:
20695:
20688:
20684:
20681:
20677:
20674:
20670:
20667:
20663:
20660:
20656:
20653:
20649:
20646:
20642:
20639:
20635:
20632:
20628:
20625:
20621:
20618:
20614:
20613:
20611:
20609:
20603:
20592:
20588:
20583:
20579:
20578:
20576:
20572:
20569:
20565:
20562:
20558:
20555:
20551:
20548:
20544:
20541:
20537:
20534:
20530:
20527:
20523:
20520:
20516:
20513:
20509:
20506:
20502:
20499:
20495:
20494:
20492:
20490:
20486:
20479:
20475:
20472:
20468:
20465:
20461:
20458:
20454:
20451:
20447:
20444:
20440:
20437:
20433:
20432:
20430:
20428:Other methods
20426:
20419:
20415:
20410:
20406:
20405:
20403:
20399:
20396:
20392:
20389:
20382:
20377:
20372:
20368:
20365:
20364:Submillimetre
20361:
20358:
20354:
20353:
20351:
20347:
20338:
20334:
20333:
20331:
20327:
20324:
20323:Extragalactic
20320:
20316:
20315:
20313:
20309:
20302:
20298:
20295:
20291:
20288:
20287:Observational
20284:
20281:
20277:
20276:
20274:
20270:
20267:
20263:
20256:
20252:
20249:
20245:
20242:
20238:
20235:
20231:
20228:
20224:
20219:
20215:
20214:
20212:
20208:
20205:
20201:
20200:
20197:
20193:
20186:
20181:
20179:
20174:
20172:
20167:
20166:
20163:
20153:
20144:
20137:
20130:
20123:
20117:
20111:
20105:
20098:
20091:
20084:
20077:
20070:
20063:
20056:
20050:
20040:
20038:
20028:
20026:
20016:
20014:
20011:
20010:
20007:
19992:
19991:Tidal locking
19989:
19987:
19984:
19982:
19979:
19977:
19974:
19972:
19971:Double planet
19969:
19968:
19966:
19962:
19956:
19953:
19949:
19946:
19944:
19941:
19940:
19939:
19936:
19934:
19931:
19929:
19926:
19924:
19923:Minor planets
19921:
19919:
19916:
19914:
19911:
19909:
19906:
19905:
19903:
19899:
19893:
19890:
19888:
19885:
19881:
19878:
19877:
19876:
19873:
19871:
19868:
19864:
19861:
19857:
19856:Merging stars
19854:
19853:
19852:
19849:
19847:
19844:
19842:
19839:
19837:
19834:
19832:
19829:
19828:
19827:
19824:
19822:
19819:
19817:
19814:
19812:
19809:
19807:
19804:
19802:
19799:
19797:
19794:
19792:
19789:
19787:
19784:
19782:
19779:
19777:
19774:
19772:
19769:
19767:
19764:
19762:
19759:
19757:
19754:
19752:
19749:
19747:
19744:
19740:
19737:
19735:
19732:
19731:
19730:
19727:
19725:
19722:
19720:
19717:
19715:
19712:
19710:
19707:
19705:
19702:
19700:
19697:
19695:
19692:
19690:
19687:
19685:
19682:
19678:
19675:
19674:
19673:
19670:
19668:
19665:
19663:
19660:
19659:
19657:
19655:
19649:
19643:
19640:
19638:
19635:
19633:
19630:
19628:
19625:
19623:
19620:
19618:
19615:
19613:
19610:
19606:
19603:
19602:
19601:
19598:
19596:
19593:
19591:
19588:
19584:
19581:
19580:
19579:
19576:
19574:
19571:
19569:
19566:
19562:
19559:
19557:
19554:
19552:
19549:
19548:
19547:
19544:
19540:
19537:
19535:
19532:
19531:
19530:
19527:
19523:
19520:
19518:
19515:
19513:
19510:
19509:
19508:
19505:
19503:
19500:
19499:
19497:
19494:
19489:
19485:
19479:
19476:
19474:
19471:
19469:
19466:
19464:
19461:
19459:
19458:Subsatellites
19456:
19454:
19451:
19449:
19446:
19444:
19441:
19439:
19436:
19434:
19431:
19429:
19426:
19425:
19423:
19421:
19418:Hypothetical
19415:
19412:
19403:
19400:
19396:
19393:
19391:
19388:
19386:
19383:
19381:
19378:
19374:
19371:
19369:
19366:
19365:
19364:
19361:
19360:
19359:
19356:
19352:
19349:
19347:
19344:
19343:
19342:
19339:
19335:
19332:
19330:
19327:
19325:
19322:
19320:
19317:
19315:
19312:
19310:
19307:
19305:
19302:
19300:
19297:
19295:
19292:
19291:
19290:
19287:
19285:
19284:Asteroid belt
19282:
19280:
19277:
19273:
19270:
19268:
19265:
19263:
19260:
19256:
19253:
19251:
19248:
19247:
19246:
19243:
19241:
19238:
19236:
19233:
19231:
19228:
19227:
19226:
19223:
19219:
19216:
19214:
19211:
19209:
19206:
19204:
19201:
19199:
19196:
19194:
19191:
19189:
19186:
19184:
19181:
19180:
19178:
19176:
19173:
19169:
19166:
19164:
19161:
19160:
19159:
19158:Minor planets
19156:
19154:
19151:
19149:
19146:
19144:
19141:
19140:
19138:
19136:
19126:
19120:
19117:
19115:
19112:
19110:
19107:
19105:
19102:
19100:
19097:
19095:
19092:
19089:
19085:
19082:
19080:
19077:
19074:
19071:
19070:
19068:
19066:
19062:
19054:
19051:
19050:
19049:
19046:
19042:
19039:
19038:
19037:
19034:
19030:
19027:
19026:
19025:
19022:
19018:
19015:
19014:
19013:
19010:
19006:
19003:
19001:
18998:
18997:
18996:
18993:
18989:
18986:
18984:
18981:
18979:
18976:
18974:
18971:
18969:
18966:
18965:
18964:
18961:
18957:
18954:
18953:
18952:
18949:
18945:
18942:
18940:
18937:
18935:
18932:
18930:
18927:
18926:
18925:
18922:
18918:
18915:
18913:
18910:
18908:
18905:
18903:
18900:
18898:
18895:
18893:
18890:
18889:
18888:
18885:
18881:
18878:
18876:
18873:
18871:
18868:
18866:
18863:
18861:
18858:
18856:
18853:
18851:
18848:
18846:
18843:
18841:
18838:
18836:
18833:
18832:
18831:
18828:
18824:
18821:
18819:
18816:
18814:
18811:
18809:
18806:
18804:
18801:
18800:
18799:
18796:
18792:
18789:
18787:
18784:
18783:
18782:
18779:
18775:
18772:
18770:
18767:
18766:
18764:
18763:
18761:
18759:
18755:
18747:
18744:
18742:
18739:
18737:
18734:
18732:
18729:
18727:
18724:
18722:
18719:
18717:
18714:
18712:
18709:
18707:
18704:
18703:
18702:
18699:
18693:
18690:
18688:
18685:
18684:
18683:
18680:
18676:
18673:
18671:
18668:
18667:
18666:
18663:
18662:
18661:
18658:
18654:
18651:
18649:
18646:
18644:
18641:
18639:
18636:
18635:
18634:
18631:
18630:
18628:
18626:
18621:
18617:
18614:
18613:
18608:
18602:
18601:
18597:
18595:
18594:
18590:
18588:
18587:
18583:
18581:
18580:
18576:
18574:
18573:
18569:
18567:
18566:
18562:
18560:
18559:
18555:
18553:
18552:
18548:
18546:
18543:
18541:
18538:
18536:
18533:
18531:
18528:
18526:
18525:
18521:
18519:
18516:
18514:
18511:
18509:
18506:
18504:
18501:
18499:
18496:
18495:
18450:
18446:
18439:
18434:
18432:
18427:
18425:
18420:
18419:
18416:
18408:from Wikidata
18407:
18406:
18394:
18390:
18389:
18377:
18373:
18372:
18360:
18356:
18355:
18343:
18339:
18338:
18326:
18323:from Wikinews
18322:
18321:
18309:
18305:
18304:
18292:
18288:
18287:
18275:
18274:
18271:
18265:
18258:
18255:
18253:
18250:
18248:
18245:
18243:
18240:
18236:
18235:
18229:
18224:
18223:
18217:
18214:
18212:
18209:
18207:
18204:
18203:
18198:
18193:
18185:
18181:
18166:
18106:
18102:
18095:
18080:
18079:
18074:
18067:
18052:
18051:
18046:
18039:
18031:
18025:
18021:
18017:
18016:
18011:
18005:
17989:
17983:
17968:
17964:
17958:
17943:
17942:
17937:
17930:
17915:
17911:
17907:
17903:
17896:
17880:
17876:
17872:
17866:
17850:
17846:
17845:New Scientist
17842:
17835:
17819:
17815:
17811:
17804:
17788:
17784:
17778:
17762:
17758:
17754:
17747:
17741:
17736:
17732:
17728:
17724:
17720:
17716:
17709:
17693:
17689:
17685:
17681:
17677:
17673:
17669:
17665:
17661:
17656:
17651:
17647:
17643:
17639:
17632:
17624:
17618:
17614:
17613:
17605:
17597:
17593:
17589:
17585:
17581:
17577:
17573:
17569:
17562:
17543:
17539:
17535:
17531:
17527:
17523:
17519:
17515:
17511:
17504:
17497:
17481:
17477:
17471:
17467:
17466:
17461:
17457:
17451:
17435:
17431:
17425:
17421:
17417:
17413:
17409:
17402:
17383:
17379:
17378:
17373:
17369:
17365:
17357:
17353:
17352:
17346:
17341:
17329:
17325:
17324:
17319:
17315:
17314:
17310:
17301:
17296:
17292:
17288:
17284:
17280:
17273:
17257:
17253:
17249:
17243:
17227:
17223:
17219:
17215:
17211:
17207:
17203:
17199:
17195:
17191:
17187:
17183:
17176:
17168:
17164:
17160:
17156:
17149:
17133:
17129:
17125:
17121:
17115:
17111:
17110:
17102:
17094:
17088:
17084:
17080:
17075:
17074:
17065:
17057:
17053:
17049:
17048:
17040:
17024:
17020:
17014:
17010:
17009:
17001:
16985:
16981:
16977:
16973:
16969:
16964:
16959:
16954:
16949:
16945:
16941:
16937:
16930:
16914:
16910:
16906:
16902:
16898:
16894:
16890:
16885:
16880:
16876:
16872:
16868:
16861:
16845:
16841:
16837:
16830:
16828:
16826:
16809:
16805:
16801:
16797:
16793:
16789:
16785:
16781:
16777:
16772:
16767:
16763:
16759:
16755:
16748:
16740:
16736:
16732:
16728:
16724:
16720:
16715:
16710:
16706:
16702:
16701:
16693:
16677:
16673:
16669:
16665:
16659:
16655:
16654:
16646:
16630:
16626:
16622:
16615:
16607:
16603:
16599:
16595:
16590:
16585:
16581:
16577:
16570:
16562:
16558:
16553:
16548:
16544:
16540:
16533:
16525:
16521:
16517:
16513:
16509:
16505:
16500:
16495:
16491:
16487:
16486:
16478:
16462:
16458:
16452:
16448:
16447:
16439:
16437:
16427:
16422:
16418:
16414:
16409:
16404:
16400:
16396:
16395:
16390:
16383:
16375:
16371:
16367:
16363:
16359:
16355:
16350:
16345:
16341:
16337:
16336:
16327:
16319:
16315:
16311:
16307:
16303:
16299:
16295:
16291:
16286:
16281:
16277:
16273:
16272:
16267:
16260:
16252:
16248:
16244:
16240:
16236:
16232:
16227:
16222:
16218:
16214:
16213:
16205:
16197:
16193:
16189:
16185:
16181:
16177:
16173:
16169:
16164:
16159:
16155:
16151:
16150:
16141:
16133:
16129:
16125:
16121:
16117:
16113:
16109:
16105:
16101:
16097:
16092:
16087:
16083:
16079:
16078:
16073:
16069:
16062:
16054:
16050:
16046:
16042:
16037:
16032:
16028:
16024:
16019:
16014:
16010:
16006:
16005:
16000:
15993:
15991:
15982:
15978:
15974:
15970:
15966:
15962:
15958:
15954:
15949:
15944:
15940:
15936:
15935:
15930:
15923:
15915:
15911:
15906:
15901:
15897:
15893:
15888:
15883:
15879:
15875:
15874:
15869:
15862:
15854:
15850:
15845:
15840:
15836:
15832:
15827:
15822:
15818:
15814:
15813:
15808:
15800:
15792:
15786:
15782:
15777:
15776:
15767:
15751:
15747:
15746:
15741:
15734:
15726:
15722:
15718:
15714:
15710:
15706:
15701:
15696:
15692:
15688:
15681:
15673:
15669:
15663:
15655:
15649:
15641:
15637:
15633:
15629:
15624:
15619:
15615:
15608:
15599:
15594:
15590:
15586:
15581:
15576:
15572:
15568:
15564:
15557:
15541:
15536:
15531:
15527:
15523:
15518:
15513:
15510:(1): L6âL10.
15509:
15505:
15504:
15499:
15492:
15476:
15471:
15466:
15462:
15458:
15453:
15448:
15444:
15440:
15439:
15434:
15427:
15407:
15402:
15398:
15394:
15390:
15386:
15382:
15378:
15374:
15370:
15366:
15365:
15357:
15353:
15349:
15343:
15335:
15331:
15327:
15323:
15319:
15315:
15310:
15305:
15301:
15297:
15296:
15288:
15272:
15268:
15264:
15258:
15242:
15238:
15234:
15227:
15225:
15216:
15212:
15208:
15204:
15200:
15196:
15192:
15188:
15184:
15180:
15173:
15171:
15154:
15150:
15146:
15139:
15131:
15127:
15123:
15119:
15114:
15109:
15105:
15101:
15096:
15091:
15087:
15083:
15082:
15077:
15070:
15051:
15047:
15043:
15039:
15035:
15031:
15027:
15022:
15017:
15013:
15009:
15008:
15000:
14993:
14977:
14973:
14969:
14963:
14955:
14951:
14947:
14943:
14938:
14933:
14929:
14925:
14921:
14917:
14913:
14906:
14898:
14896:9780521804318
14892:
14888:
14884:
14877:
14861:
14857:
14853:
14847:
14828:
14824:
14817:
14811:
14795:
14791:
14787:
14783:
14779:
14775:
14771:
14767:
14763:
14759:
14752:
14744:
14740:
14736:
14732:
14728:
14724:
14721:(1â3): 1â11.
14720:
14716:
14715:
14707:
14698:
14693:
14689:
14685:
14681:
14677:
14676:
14671:
14669:
14660:
14652:
14648:
14644:
14640:
14633:
14617:
14613:
14609:
14603:
14588:
14584:
14583:
14578:
14571:
14563:
14559:
14555:
14551:
14547:
14543:
14538:
14533:
14529:
14525:
14521:
14517:
14516:
14511:
14503:
14495:
14491:
14487:
14483:
14478:
14473:
14469:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14451:
14447:
14446:
14441:
14434:
14418:
14414:
14410:
14404:
14388:
14384:
14380:
14376:
14372:
14368:
14364:
14361:(A9): 15157.
14360:
14356:
14352:
14345:
14337:
14333:
14328:
14323:
14319:
14315:
14311:
14307:
14303:
14299:
14295:
14291:
14287:
14279:
14263:
14259:
14255:
14248:
14228:
14224:
14220:
14216:
14212:
14211:
14203:
14196:
14194:
14192:
14175:
14171:
14167:
14156:
14148:
14144:
14139:
14134:
14130:
14126:
14121:
14116:
14112:
14108:
14107:
14102:
14091:
14083:
14079:
14074:
14069:
14065:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14047:
14043:
14039:
14032:
14030:
14028:
14026:
14017:
14013:
14008:
14003:
13999:
13995:
13990:
13985:
13981:
13977:
13976:
13971:
13960:
13951:
13946:
13942:
13938:
13934:
13930:
13926:
13919:
13911:
13907:
13903:
13899:
13895:
13891:
13887:
13883:
13879:
13875:
13871:
13867:
13861:
13845:
13841:
13837:
13831:
13815:
13811:
13807:
13800:
13781:
13777:
13771:
13764:
13763:
13755:
13747:
13743:
13739:
13735:
13731:
13727:
13723:
13719:
13715:
13711:
13710:
13705:
13698:
13690:
13686:
13681:
13676:
13672:
13668:
13663:
13658:
13654:
13650:
13649:
13644:
13637:
13621:
13617:
13613:
13612:Buie, Marc W.
13607:
13591:
13587:
13583:
13577:
13569:
13565:
13560:
13555:
13551:
13547:
13543:
13539:
13535:
13528:
13512:
13508:
13504:
13498:
13482:
13478:
13471:
13455:
13451:
13447:
13443:
13437:
13433:
13432:
13424:
13408:
13404:
13400:
13394:
13378:
13374:
13368:
13349:
13345:
13341:
13337:
13331:
13327:
13320:
13316:
13310:
13308:
13306:
13289:
13285:
13281:
13275:
13256:
13252:
13248:
13244:
13240:
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12833:
12829:
12825:
12818:
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12768:
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12749:
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12707:
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12634:
12626:
12611:on 2 May 2009
12610:
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12345:
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12299:
12295:
12288:
12269:
12265:
12261:
12257:
12253:
12249:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12232:(1): 261â95.
12231:
12227:
12220:
12213:
12211:
12202:
12198:
12194:
12190:
12186:
12182:
12175:
12168:
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12024:
12017:
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11998:
11994:
11990:
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11978:
11974:
11970:
11966:
11965:
11957:
11941:
11937:
11933:
11927:
11916:
11912:
11910:0-521-81808-7
11906:
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11895:
11888:
11872:
11868:
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11317:
11313:
11309:
11305:
11301:
11297:
11296:
11288:
11272:
11268:
11264:
11258:
11250:
11249:Asteroids III
11243:
11235:
11231:
11227:
11223:
11216:
11200:
11196:
11190:
11174:
11169:
11164:
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10671:
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10637:
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10468:
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10440:
10432:
10428:
10424:
10420:
10413:
10397:
10393:
10389:
10388:
10383:
10380:Baalke, Ron.
10376:
10360:
10356:
10350:
10331:
10327:
10323:
10319:
10315:
10311:
10310:Asteroids III
10304:
10297:
10281:
10277:
10273:
10267:
10265:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10234:
10230:
10225:
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10199:
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9996:
9992:
9988:
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9966:
9962:
9956:
9949:
9937:
9933:
9929:
9923:
9916:
9903:
9899:
9893:
9877:
9873:
9872:
9867:
9861:
9845:
9841:
9840:
9835:
9828:
9821:
9820:public domain
9802:
9798:
9794:
9787:
9779:
9775:
9771:
9767:
9763:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9744:
9737:
9736:public domain
9727:
9723:
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9712:
9709:
9708:
9701:
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9681:
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9670:
9662:
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9639:
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9485:
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9425:
9419:
9412:
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9396:
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9387:
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9378:
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9362:
9347:
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9244:
9237:
9221:
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9213:
9206:
9190:
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9133:
9127:
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9114:
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9017:
8998:
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8322:
8317:
8310:
8294:
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7911:
7907:
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7868:
7860:
7856:
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7848:
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7835:
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7822:
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7813:
7805:
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7771:
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7758:
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7720:
7715:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7698:
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7690:
7684:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7645:
7637:
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7625:
7621:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7603:
7599:
7598:
7590:
7588:
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7584:
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7555:
7551:
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7532:
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7511:
7506:
7499:
7491:
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7410:
7404:
7388:
7384:
7378:
7362:
7358:
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7347:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7316:
7308:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7265:
7249:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7206:
7190:
7186:
7182:
7175:
7167:
7163:
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7155:
7151:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7128:
7120:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7073:
7065:
7057:
7055:0-937707-93-7
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7032:
7030:
7013:
7009:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6990:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6937:
6929:
6925:
6921:
6919:0-201-02010-6
6915:
6911:
6910:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6889:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6866:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6840:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6809:0-87044-356-9
6805:
6801:
6800:
6792:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6715:
6699:
6695:
6688:
6672:
6668:
6667:New Scientist
6664:
6657:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6620:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6591:
6583:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6538:
6533:
6532:Levison, H.F.
6527:
6525:
6516:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6501:
6493:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6462:
6460:
6443:
6439:
6432:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6407:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6357:(1): 98â105.
6356:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6342:
6336:
6334:
6314:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6282:
6277:
6270:
6261:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6227:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6185:
6184:"The Planets"
6179:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6102:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6027:
6019:
6013:
6005:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5882:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5823:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5805:9783527629190
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5760:
5752:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5711:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5666:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5625:(A12): 1437.
5624:
5620:
5619:
5611:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5574:Solar Physics
5568:
5566:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5506:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5453:
5447:
5443:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5372:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5279:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5231:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5208:
5206:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5126:Bouvier, A.;
5122:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5073:
5057:
5053:
5052:astro4edu.org
5049:
5043:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5011:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4984:
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4975:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4949:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4904:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4851:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4811:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4772:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4706:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4651:
4636:
4632:
4625:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4591:
4586:Other sources
4568:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4478:
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4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
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4393:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4307:
4303:
4297:
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4276:astro.gsu.edu
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3805:galactic pole
3802:
3786:
3776:
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3751:
3747:
3741:
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3731:
3727:
3723:
3722:Asteroid Belt
3717:
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3699:
3697:
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3692:
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3596:
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3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3557:'s theory of
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3509:
3508:Emanuel Bowen
3504:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3467:Edmond Halley
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3434:in 1631, and
3433:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3404:
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3396:
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3356:
3354:
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3337:
3334:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3298:galactic year
3294:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3257:Galactic year
3254:
3244:
3234:
3233:Scholz's Star
3230:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3202:star clusters
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3065:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:galactic tide
3023:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2943:meteor shower
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2866:, creating a
2865:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2764:
2752:
2748:
2744:
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2736:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2628:dwarf planets
2623:
2621:
2611:
2606:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2521:binary system
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:2:3 resonance
2484:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2467:dwarf planets
2462:
2460:
2459:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2342:
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2334:
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2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:internal heat
2267:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1994:Outer planets
1991:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1975:giant planets
1966:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:and numerous
1896:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1810:asteroid belt
1804:Asteroid belt
1798:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1722:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:magnetosphere
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1563:lid tectonics
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:thrust faults
1518:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1431:Inner planets
1428:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:space weather
1377:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:) called the
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:magnetosphere
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1300:The Sun is a
1298:
1296:
1293:stars in the
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:hottest stars
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1268:visible light
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1088:based on the
1087:
1083:
1077:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
975:
974:outer planets
970:
963:
962:inner planets
958:
949:
947:
942:
937:
935:
930:
924:
920:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:asteroid belt
892:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
862:
860:
855:
846:
842:
840:
836:
832:
822:
820:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
787:main-sequence
784:
780:
779:reaction rate
776:
771:
768:
763:
761:
757:
752:
750:
745:
741:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
714:
706:
701:
691:
681:
679:
675:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
623:asteroid belt
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:dwarf planets
555:
553:
552:giant planets
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
441:
440:million years
437:
433:
427:
425:Orbital speed
423:
417:
411:
407:
404:
400:
396:
393:
388:
384:
382:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
362:
358:
353:
348:
345:
341:
335:
333:
329:
326:
323:
321:
317:
312:
308:
306:
301:
297:
295:
290:
286:
284:
279:
272:
271:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
217:
215:
210:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
142:
134:
132:
129:
126:
122:
120:
117:
116:
113:
109:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
59:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
23116:Solar System
23052:Solar System
23010:Solar System
23009:
22690:White dwarfs
22680:Brown dwarfs
22663:Most distant
22611:Most massive
22589:Proper names
22549:Photographic
22502:Solar System
22501:
22480:observations
22407:Star systems
22230:Stellar wind
22213:Chromosphere
22186:Oscillations
22066:Helium flash
21916:Hypothetical
21894:X-ray binary
21833:Compact star
21668:Bright giant
21421:Henyey track
21399:Herbig Ae/Be
21218:Brown dwarfs
21133:(red dwarfs)
21076:Solar System
21075:
20753:
20733:Astrophysics
20712:Astrobiology
20376:Far-infrared
20330:Local system
20329:
20265:Astronomy by
20255:... in space
20147:Each arrow (
20069:Local Bubble
20055:Solar System
20054:
20053:
19846:Planetesimal
19801:Kuiper cliff
19529:Space probes
19502:Colonization
19341:Kirkwood gap
19262:Saturn Moons
19175:Planetesimal
18633:Terrestrials
18598:
18591:
18584:
18577:
18570:
18563:
18556:
18549:
18522:
18445:Solar System
18444:
18403:
18386:
18369:
18352:
18335:
18318:
18306:from Commons
18301:
18284:
18264:Solar System
18263:
18232:
18206:Online books
18197:Solar System
18196:
18110:23 September
18108:. Retrieved
18104:
18094:
18082:. Retrieved
18076:
18066:
18054:. Retrieved
18048:
18038:
18020:Bantam Books
18018:. New York:
18014:
18004:
17992:. Retrieved
17982:
17970:. Retrieved
17966:
17957:
17945:. Retrieved
17939:
17929:
17917:. Retrieved
17905:
17895:
17883:. Retrieved
17874:
17865:
17853:. Retrieved
17844:
17834:
17822:. Retrieved
17818:the original
17813:
17803:
17791:. Retrieved
17783:"Fact Sheet"
17777:
17765:. Retrieved
17756:
17746:
17718:
17714:
17708:
17696:. Retrieved
17645:
17641:
17631:
17611:
17604:
17571:
17567:
17561:
17549:. Retrieved
17513:
17509:
17496:
17484:. Retrieved
17464:
17450:
17438:. Retrieved
17411:
17401:
17386:. Retrieved
17376:
17349:
17332:. Retrieved
17321:
17309:
17282:
17278:
17272:
17260:. Retrieved
17251:
17242:
17230:. Retrieved
17189:
17185:
17175:
17158:
17154:
17148:
17136:. Retrieved
17108:
17101:
17072:
17064:
17045:
17039:
17027:. Retrieved
17007:
17000:
16988:. Retrieved
16943:
16939:
16929:
16917:. Retrieved
16874:
16870:
16860:
16848:. Retrieved
16839:
16812:. Retrieved
16761:
16757:
16747:
16704:
16698:
16692:
16680:. Retrieved
16652:
16645:
16633:. Retrieved
16624:
16614:
16579:
16575:
16569:
16542:
16538:
16532:
16489:
16483:
16477:
16465:. Retrieved
16445:
16398:
16392:
16382:
16339:
16333:
16326:
16275:
16269:
16259:
16216:
16210:
16204:
16163:2001.08748v1
16153:
16147:
16140:
16081:
16075:
16061:
16008:
16002:
15938:
15932:
15922:
15877:
15871:
15861:
15816:
15810:
15799:
15774:
15766:
15754:. Retrieved
15743:
15733:
15690:
15686:
15680:
15671:
15668:Encrenaz, T.
15662:
15648:cite journal
15613:
15607:
15570:
15566:
15556:
15544:. Retrieved
15507:
15501:
15491:
15479:. Retrieved
15442:
15436:
15426:
15414:. Retrieved
15406:the original
15368:
15362:
15342:
15299:
15293:
15287:
15275:. Retrieved
15266:
15263:"Oort Cloud"
15257:
15245:. Retrieved
15237:Nine Planets
15236:
15182:
15178:
15157:. Retrieved
15148:
15138:
15085:
15079:
15069:
15057:. Retrieved
15011:
15005:
14992:
14980:. Retrieved
14971:
14962:
14919:
14915:
14905:
14886:
14876:
14864:. Retrieved
14860:the original
14855:
14846:
14834:. Retrieved
14822:
14810:
14798:. Retrieved
14765:
14761:
14751:
14718:
14712:
14706:
14679:
14673:
14667:
14659:
14642:
14638:
14632:
14620:. Retrieved
14611:
14602:
14590:. Retrieved
14580:
14570:
14519:
14513:
14502:
14449:
14443:
14433:
14421:. Retrieved
14412:
14403:
14391:. Retrieved
14358:
14354:
14344:
14293:
14289:
14278:
14266:. Retrieved
14257:
14247:
14234:. Retrieved
14227:the original
14214:
14208:
14178:. Retrieved
14169:
14155:
14110:
14104:
14090:
14045:
14041:
13979:
13973:
13959:
13932:
13928:
13918:
13877:
13873:
13860:
13848:. Retrieved
13839:
13830:
13818:. Retrieved
13809:
13799:
13787:. Retrieved
13761:
13754:
13713:
13707:
13697:
13652:
13646:
13636:
13624:. Retrieved
13606:
13594:. Retrieved
13585:
13576:
13541:
13537:
13527:
13515:. Retrieved
13506:
13497:
13485:. Retrieved
13470:
13458:. Retrieved
13430:
13423:
13411:. Retrieved
13393:
13381:. Retrieved
13367:
13355:. Retrieved
13325:
13292:. Retrieved
13283:
13274:
13262:. Retrieved
13255:the original
13234:
13228:
13215:
13190:
13186:
13180:
13145:
13141:
13134:
13122:. Retrieved
13094:
13090:
13077:
13034:
13028:
13021:
13009:. Retrieved
12963:
12957:
12944:
12932:. Retrieved
12886:
12880:
12864:
12856:the original
12827:
12823:
12775:
12752:. Retrieved
12743:
12730:
12671:
12665:
12659:
12632:
12625:
12613:. Retrieved
12609:the original
12604:
12594:
12582:. Retrieved
12538:
12532:
12515:
12503:. Retrieved
12494:
12485:
12460:
12454:
12448:
12405:
12401:
12395:
12370:
12366:
12360:
12327:
12323:
12314:
12302:. Retrieved
12287:
12275:. Retrieved
12229:
12225:
12184:
12180:
12152:. Retrieved
12148:"Polydeuces"
12142:
12130:. Retrieved
12116:
12104:. Retrieved
12095:
12070:. Retrieved
12026:
12022:
12009:
11968:
11962:
11956:
11944:. Retrieved
11935:
11926:
11915:the original
11900:
11887:
11875:. Retrieved
11871:the original
11866:
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11815:
11811:
11805:
11764:
11760:
11754:
11742:. Retrieved
11722:
11715:
11684:
11678:
11653:
11649:
11628:. Retrieved
11621:the original
11616:
11603:
11591:. Retrieved
11582:
11573:
11561:. Retrieved
11536:
11532:
11507:. Retrieved
11498:
11489:
11462:
11458:
11448:
11408:(1): 27â42.
11405:
11401:
11395:
11358:
11354:
11340:
11299:
11293:
11287:
11275:. Retrieved
11266:
11257:
11248:
11242:
11225:
11221:
11215:
11203:. Retrieved
11199:the original
11189:
11177:. Retrieved
11152:
11111:
11107:
11101:
11074:
11070:
11060:
11048:. Retrieved
11039:
11030:
11018:. Retrieved
11009:
10981:. Retrieved
10956:
10944:. Retrieved
10935:
10926:
10914:. Retrieved
10905:
10895:
10883:. Retrieved
10871:
10858:
10833:
10827:
10820:
10785:
10781:
10771:
10759:
10752:. Retrieved
10738:
10726:. Retrieved
10706:10261/237549
10680:
10676:
10663:
10651:. Retrieved
10645:. NASA/JPL.
10636:
10626:12 September
10624:. Retrieved
10599:
10595:
10585:
10573:. Retrieved
10564:
10555:
10512:
10508:
10498:
10486:. Retrieved
10479:the original
10458:
10452:
10439:
10422:
10418:
10412:
10400:. Retrieved
10396:the original
10385:
10375:
10363:. Retrieved
10349:
10337:. Retrieved
10309:
10296:
10284:. Retrieved
10275:
10251:. Retrieved
10214:
10208:
10198:
10158:(1): 48â56.
10155:
10151:
10145:
10120:
10114:
10108:
10089:
10077:. Retrieved
10026:
10022:
10011:
9999:. Retrieved
9995:the original
9981:
9969:. Retrieved
9965:the original
9955:
9947:
9940:. Retrieved
9931:
9922:
9913:
9906:. Retrieved
9892:
9880:. Retrieved
9876:the original
9869:
9860:
9848:. Retrieved
9837:
9827:
9805:. Retrieved
9801:the original
9797:Science@NASA
9796:
9786:
9753:
9749:
9743:
9706:
9700:
9688:. Retrieved
9684:the original
9679:
9669:
9660:
9654:
9642:. Retrieved
9633:
9630:"Polar Caps"
9624:
9612:. Retrieved
9587:
9577:
9550:
9546:
9535:
9523:. Retrieved
9519:the original
9514:
9504:
9492:. Retrieved
9483:
9473:
9450:
9444:
9432:. Retrieved
9428:the original
9418:
9376:
9370:
9361:
9349:. Retrieved
9346:NASA Science
9345:
9336:
9324:. Retrieved
9304:
9297:
9285:. Retrieved
9276:
9267:
9255:. Retrieved
9246:
9236:
9224:. Retrieved
9215:
9205:
9193:. Retrieved
9189:the original
9178:
9166:. Retrieved
9161:the original
9153:
9146:Zimmer, Carl
9140:
9119:
9113:
9101:. Retrieved
9097:the original
9087:
9075:. Retrieved
9066:
9057:
9030:
9026:
9016:
9004:. Retrieved
8997:the original
8992:
8979:
8967:. Retrieved
8960:the original
8951:
8944:
8932:. Retrieved
8888:
8884:
8871:
8859:. Retrieved
8850:
8841:
8832:
8804:
8800:
8794:
8746:(E12): n/a.
8743:
8739:
8732:
8720:. Retrieved
8716:the original
8705:
8693:. Retrieved
8686:the original
8639:
8635:
8587:
8583:
8576:
8564:. Retrieved
8531:
8527:
8477:
8467:
8455:. Retrieved
8446:
8437:
8413:(A7): 1136.
8410:
8404:
8394:
8382:. Retrieved
8373:
8364:
8352:. Retrieved
8320:
8309:
8297:. Retrieved
8288:
8278:
8266:. Retrieved
8257:
8230:. Retrieved
8202:
8195:
8142:
8136:
8130:
8103:
8097:
8087:
8044:
8040:
8033:
8021:. Retrieved
8003:
7991:. Retrieved
7982:
7973:
7944:
7936:
7909:
7903:
7893:
7881:. Retrieved
7877:the original
7867:
7824:
7818:
7812:
7769:
7763:
7757:
7704:
7700:
7683:
7671:. Retrieved
7654:
7644:
7601:
7595:
7558:. Retrieved
7538:
7531:
7519:. Retrieved
7515:the original
7508:
7498:
7473:
7467:
7461:
7449:. Retrieved
7440:
7429:
7417:. Retrieved
7413:the original
7403:
7391:. Retrieved
7387:the original
7377:
7365:. Retrieved
7361:the original
7356:
7346:
7334:. Retrieved
7325:
7315:
7274:
7270:
7264:
7252:. Retrieved
7219:
7215:
7205:
7193:. Retrieved
7184:
7174:
7131:
7125:
7119:
7076:
7070:
7064:
7037:
7016:. Retrieved
6996:
6989:
6946:
6942:
6936:
6908:
6859:
6826:. Retrieved
6798:
6791:
6779:. Retrieved
6730:
6724:
6714:
6702:. Retrieved
6687:
6675:. Retrieved
6666:
6656:
6629:
6619:
6597:(1): 13â32.
6594:
6588:
6582:
6541:
6535:
6499:
6492:
6480:. Retrieved
6471:
6446:. Retrieved
6442:the original
6431:
6419:. Retrieved
6405:
6393:. Retrieved
6379:
6354:
6348:
6320:. Retrieved
6313:the original
6308:
6269:
6242:
6236:
6226:
6214:. Retrieved
6200:
6188:. Retrieved
6178:
6166:. Retrieved
6115:
6111:
6101:
6089:. Retrieved
6080:
6071:
6042:
6036:
6026:
6012:
5967:
5961:
5934:. Retrieved
5897:
5891:
5881:
5836:
5832:
5822:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5724:
5720:
5710:
5680:(1): 29â40.
5677:
5671:
5665:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5580:(1): 21â34.
5577:
5573:
5521:
5515:
5511:
5505:
5493:. Retrieved
5473:
5460:
5441:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5359:. Retrieved
5340:
5331:
5290:
5284:
5278:
5270:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5213:
5192:. Retrieved
5183:
5135:
5131:
5121:
5086:
5082:
5072:
5060:. Retrieved
5051:
5042:
5030:. Retrieved
5021:
5018:"Sun: Facts"
4964:
4958:
4948:
4919:
4913:
4903:
4891:. Retrieved
4866:
4862:
4837:. Retrieved
4833:the original
4828:
4818:
4783:
4779:
4760:28 September
4758:. Retrieved
4721:
4715:
4705:
4662:
4656:
4650:
4638:. Retrieved
4634:
4624:
4612:. Retrieved
4608:the original
4603:
4594:
4571:. Retrieved
4553:
4541:. Retrieved
4523:
4511:. Retrieved
4493:
4481:. Retrieved
4467:
4455:. Retrieved
4437:
4425:. Retrieved
4378:. Retrieved
4366:jpl.nasa.gov
4365:
4355:
4343:. Retrieved
4334:
4310:. Retrieved
4296:
4284:. Retrieved
4275:
4266:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4197:Data sources
4163:
4146:
4133:
4117:
4110:
4083:
3716:
3609:
3597:
3586:
3570:Sun's corona
3563:
3529:
3513:
3486:
3483:Isaac Newton
3451:Simon Marius
3444:
3421:
3411:
3399:heliocentric
3393:philosopher
3376:
3338:
3318:
3295:
3272:
3226:
3199:
3186:
3180:
3172:Local Bubble
3161:
3131:
3045:
3034:
3014:
3010:
2947:
2924:
2916:
2872:
2853:
2850:seen in 1997
2810:
2799:
2796:
2779:
2769:
2737:
2717:eccentricity
2706:
2694:
2681:LeleÄkĆ«honua
2624:
2616:
2576:
2540:
2463:
2454:
2442:
2438:
2388:
2359:
2323:thermosphere
2027:
2000:Giant planet
1972:
1939:
1933:
1873:cryovolcanic
1846:protoplanets
1843:
1807:
1739:carbonaceous
1732:
1676:rift valleys
1502:rift valleys
1470:ring systems
1463:
1405:
1382:and causing
1372:solar flares
1369:
1334:
1299:
1272:
1244:Earth masses
1241:
1211:
1207:
1199:super-Earths
1196:
1171:liquid water
1164:
1152:
1143:Habitability
1129:
1109:Avicii Arena
1094:
1078:
1066:
1041:
1030:
1024:
1010:
990:
979:
938:
926:
888:
863:
851:
828:
795:
772:
764:
753:
749:minor bodies
721:
710:
635:
556:
501:
449:Solar System
448:
446:
390:Orbit about
361:Kuiper cliff
269:
111:Nearest star
91:Local Bubble
40:Solar System
36:
23100:Spaceflight
22743:Brown dwarf
22519:Circumpolar
22397:Kraft break
22377:Color index
22352:Metallicity
22312:Designation
22281:Cosmic dust
22203:Photosphere
21969:Dark-energy
21944:Electroweak
21929:Black dwarf
21860:Radio-quiet
21843:White dwarf
21729:White dwarf
21379:Bok globule
20800:Planetarium
20457:High-energy
20443:Cosmic rays
20395:Ultraviolet
20110:Local Sheet
20104:Local Group
19887:Rubble pile
19875:Roche limit
19870:Ring system
19821:Outer space
19796:Kuiper belt
19766:Hill sphere
19761:Hills cloud
19709:Debris disk
19704:Cosmic dust
19488:Exploration
19443:Planet Nine
19428:Fifth giant
19402:Hills cloud
19363:Kuiper belt
19334:exceptional
19250:Trojan camp
18286:Definitions
17947:8 September
17885:15 December
17460:Druyan, Ann
17456:Sagan, Carl
17372:Locke, John
17161:(4): 1305.
14852:"Meteoroid"
13315:Brown, Mike
13264:26 December
13124:26 December
12870:Brown, M.E.
12736:Stern, Alan
12505:23 February
12373:(1): 1â12.
11593:22 December
11509:28 December
10602:(10): 105.
10402:11 November
10312:: 409â422.
9273:"Ice Sheet"
9226:31 December
9006:19 November
8969:26 December
8106:: 477â498.
7953:. pp.
6150:11336/82487
5936:10 December
5772:: 215â227.
5386:(2): L137.
5194:27 December
5062:11 December
4573:13 December
4543:20 February
4427:11 December
3726:Kuiper Belt
3465:. In 1677,
3418:Tycho Brahe
3383:Renaissance
3323:(where the
3283:light-years
3241:100 AU
3176:superbubble
3072:Hill sphere
3037:Planet Nine
3030:tidal force
3020:(~0.9
3005:Kuiper belt
2979:Planet Nine
2920:micrometers
2905:Cosmic dust
2854:Comets are
2792:heliosheath
2776:heliosphere
2711:ETNOs have
2691:(dark blue)
2689:Planet Nine
2435:are marked.
2421:Kuiper belt
2411:Kuiper belt
2405:Kuiper belt
2375:2060 Chiron
2151:ring system
1988:sublimation
1907:metamorphic
1814:3.3 AU
1525:ray systems
1523:and bright
1494:atmospheres
1365:100 AU
1341:heliosphere
1306:spiral arms
1266:peaking in
1203:Planet Nine
1156:cosmic rays
1070:5.2 AU
913:Composition
903:Kuiper belt
867:white dwarf
791:heliosphere
736:200 AU
726:collapsed,
646:heliosphere
627:Kuiper belt
538:); and two
489:photosphere
463:it. It was
413:Distance to
405:inclination
381:Hill sphere
23110:Categories
22964:Nine Views
22705:Candidates
22700:Supernovae
22685:Red dwarfs
22544:Extinction
22332:Kinematics
22327:Luminosity
22305:Properties
22198:Atmosphere
22096:Si burning
22086:Ne burning
22024:White hole
21997:Quasi-star
21924:Blue dwarf
21779:Technetium
21695:Hypergiant
21673:Supergiant
21241:0.0011 ly)
21197:0.0009 ly)
21171:0.0007 ly)
21158:0.0013 ly)
21148:0.0004 ly)
21091:0.0022 ly)
21045:0.0054 ly)
20793:Photometry
20770:Binoculars
20747:Astrometry
20608:telescopes
20505:Babylonian
20349:EM methods
20227:Astronomer
20129:Local Hole
20076:Gould Belt
19816:Oort cloud
19652:Formation,
19642:Deep space
19478:Vulcanoids
19395:Oort cloud
19319:first 1000
19255:Greek camp
19153:Meteoroids
19148:Damocloids
19094:Charikloan
18337:Quotations
18180:Audio help
18171:2021-05-31
18084:18 January
17655:2102.04248
17366:required.)
17262:27 October
17081:. p.
16771:1904.05721
16408:2311.12171
16349:1502.04655
16285:2001.08748
16226:1509.05334
16091:2201.05124
16018:1910.01243
15948:1609.03449
15887:1910.01243
15826:2209.09927
15700:1906.10617
15623:2409.03342
15580:2102.05601
15517:2202.01693
15452:2106.08369
15416:20 January
15309:1902.10103
15095:2109.09852
15088:(2): L37.
15059:9 February
14982:3 February
14768:(1): 114.
14668:hyperbolic
14459:2110.13962
14452:(2): 179.
14120:1809.02571
14113:(3): 167.
14055:1810.00013
14048:(4): 139.
13989:1703.01407
13746:Q116754015
13662:1604.07461
13344:1063456240
13155:2309.15230
12934:19 October
12780:. p.
12754:26 October
12408:(1): 518.
11877:16 January
11630:16 January
11368:1701.05541
10754:31 January
10224:2208.07253
10036:1709.05549
9932:Britannica
9871:BBC Online
9719:Transcript
9386:2110.15285
9379:: 114768,
9351:11 January
8695:25 October
8487:1807.04776
8054:2203.00786
7779:1502.06558
7772:(2): L26.
7714:1608.08772
7707:(6): 221.
7611:1508.00931
7604:(2): 105.
7134:(2): 135.
7079:(2): L42.
6677:10 October
6648:1061866912
6168:16 January
6125:1805.02643
6052:2404.04422
5907:2311.12171
5128:Wadhwa, M.
4929:2005.13059
4731:2309.03885
4513:29 January
4483:4 December
4457:29 January
4286:2 December
4192:References
3750:meteorites
3746:inclusions
3516:John Locke
3355:on Earth.
3345:supernovae
3333:Oort cloud
3302:solar apex
3251:See also:
3191:Gould Belt
3064:Comet West
3017:Oort cloud
2997:Oort cloud
2973:See also:
2963:40 AU
2959:10 AU
2884:hyperbolic
2770:The Sun's
2747:Mike Brown
2677:2012 VP113
2541:anti-Pluto
2525:barycenter
2497:: Charon,
2258:axial tilt
2216:Polydeuces
2084:and cause
2039:ice giants
2035:gas giants
1911:Rheasilvia
1771:vulcanoids
1664:iron oxide
1613:ice sheets
1611:and white
1605:vegetation
1537:solar-wind
1527:formed by
1474:refractory
1421:frost line
1353:solar wind
1287:red dwarfs
1074:30 AU
1026:perihelion
946:frost line
837:, and may
802:Nice model
760:refractory
756:frost line
662:Oort cloud
654:heliopause
642:solar wind
615:meteoroids
601:, such as
540:ice giants
528:gas giants
399:Invariable
371:Heliopause
349:30.07 AU (
337:~5 AU
332:Frost line
144:Population
23064:Astronomy
22915:Tellurion
22893:Astrarium
22636:Brightest
22534:Magnitude
22514:Pole star
22435:Symbiotic
22430:Eclipsing
22362:Starlight
22163:Structure
22153:Supernova
22146:Micronova
22141:Recurrent
22126:Symbiotic
22111:p-process
22106:r-process
22101:s-process
22091:O burning
22081:C burning
22061:CNO cycle
22004:Gravastar
21540:Hypernova
21530:Supernova
21505:Dredge-up
21478:Blue loop
21471:super-AGB
21454:Red clump
21431:Evolution
21389:Protostar
21369:Accretion
21361:Formation
21291:0.041 ly)
21235:Luhman 16
21184:0.012 ly)
20865:Telescope
20471:Spherical
20418:Gamma-ray
20387:(optical)
20192:Astronomy
20090:Milky Way
20083:Orion Arm
19851:Formation
19836:Migration
19831:Disrupted
19699:Coatlicue
19667:Accretion
19654:evolution
19600:Asteroids
19512:astronomy
19507:Discovery
19368:Cubewanos
19289:Asteroids
19119:Quaoarian
19109:Neptunian
19099:Chironean
19084:Saturnian
18860:Enceladus
18388:Resources
18371:Textbooks
18136:hour and
18105:Space.com
18050:SpaceNews
17914:0362-4331
17688:231846880
17680:0002-9505
17596:122482074
17412:Comets II
17374:(1754) .
17222:120470649
17214:0021-8286
17128:182818133
16972:0567-7920
16884:0905.3919
16804:119190574
16796:0004-6361
16589:0707.4515
16552:1003.2489
16318:210086520
16219:(1): 24.
16196:210086520
16132:245906333
16116:1476-4687
16053:203642080
16045:0004-637X
16011:(1): 41.
15914:203642080
15880:(1): 19.
15853:2041-8205
15725:195584070
15573:(2): 59.
15334:119248548
15215:205013399
15130:237581632
15122:2041-8205
14954:228840132
14946:2169-9097
14866:24 August
14790:129972426
14743:189827311
14645:: 78â93.
14562:235400678
14546:0067-0049
14522:(2): 40.
14494:239998560
14486:0004-637X
14383:0148-0227
14318:0038-6308
14296:(2): 18.
14236:24 August
14147:119433944
14082:119071596
13738:1476-4687
13689:119270442
13655:(1): L9.
13568:252620869
13544:(9): 19.
13450:926914921
13111:0037-8720
13011:15 August
12852:126574999
12830:: 30â38.
12706:0028-0836
12681:1409.7259
12352:250909885
12187:: 54â71.
12122:"Calypso"
11707:223304585
11563:25 August
11415:1110.4810
11332:205225571
11205:7 October
11144:206541950
10850:135013590
10812:133739176
10728:4 January
10715:212927521
10547:119906696
10539:0004-6256
10339:30 August
10253:1 October
10190:118612132
10165:1301.3804
10061:0935-4956
9644:6 January
9604:0028-0836
9411:240071005
9287:3 January
9257:3 January
9168:3 October
9103:30 August
9051:. E04S06.
8934:11 August
8921:133864520
8913:1752-0894
8829:121301247
8778:0148-0227
8756:CiteSeerX
8652:CiteSeerX
8548:0025-5769
8344:961476196
8321:Astronomy
8165:CiteSeerX
8079:246842719
7912:(1): 12.
7804:118052299
7749:119187392
7741:1538-3881
7636:119119390
7326:Astronomy
7307:145268784
7291:0021-1753
7244:0002-9505
7166:119255559
7141:1203.4898
7111:118681206
7086:1104.1032
6906:(1989) .
6879:227002144
6755:1476-4687
6322:3 January
6158:256708667
5977:0801.4031
5814:118414100
5779:0903.3008
5702:120275197
5602:120541081
5556:118940644
5250:1101.3090
5001:119235554
4974:1309.2629
4883:0004-6299
4796:CiteSeerX
4312:14 August
4258:118492541
4250:0004-6256
4225:1407.4820
4218:(5): 91.
4056:α
4029:β
4002:α
3975:β
3943:β
3936:
3921:β
3914:
3896:α
3892:−
3883:α
3876:
3861:β
3854:
3839:β
3832:
3823:ψ
3820:
3787:ψ
3561:in 1915.
3291:thin disk
3275:Milky Way
3195:Orion Arm
3153:exoplanet
3146:red dwarf
2961:to about
2937:, called
2918:~30
2897:Meteoroid
2876:HaleâBopp
2860:sublimate
2822:bow shock
2713:perihelia
2709:scattered
2577:classical
2563:ellipsoid
2445:classical
2370:perturbed
2185:Enceladus
2174:shepherds
1981:and many
1767:perihelia
1715:Asteroids
1559:stripping
1478:silicates
1468:, and no
1425:5 AU
1416:silicates
1412:asteroids
1310:Milky Way
1295:Milky Way
1254:, mostly
1113:Stockholm
934:asteroids
859:red giant
744:accretion
740:protostar
678:Milky Way
603:asteroids
298:1,368,528
101:Milky Way
22815:Category
22710:Remnants
22606:Extremes
22566:Parallax
22539:Apparent
22529:Asterism
22507:Sunlight
22457:Globular
22442:Multiple
22367:Variable
22357:Rotation
22317:Dynamics
22208:Starspot
21882:Magnetar
21825:Remnants
21641:Subgiant
21614:Subdwarf
21466:post-AGB
21191:Ross 154
21152:Wolf 359
21110:?; Bc?;
20915:Category
20624:Category
20519:Egyptian
20436:Neutrino
20371:Infrared
20319:Galactic
20294:Sidewalk
20248:Glossary
20218:Timeline
20143:Universe
19981:Moonlets
19561:programs
19534:timeline
19522:timeline
19453:Planet X
19448:Planet V
19385:Sednoids
19373:Plutinos
19346:Centaurs
19324:families
19053:Dysnomia
19041:Xiangliu
19036:Gonggong
19024:Makemake
18983:Kerberos
18870:Hyperion
18808:Callisto
18803:Ganymede
18736:Gonggong
18731:Makemake
18586:Gonggong
18579:Makemake
18182: ·
18056:13 March
17919:20 April
17879:Archived
17855:20 April
17849:Archived
17824:20 April
17787:Archived
17767:20 April
17761:Archived
17692:Archived
17542:Archived
17538:54867823
17480:Archived
17462:(1997).
17434:Archived
17388:18 March
17382:Archived
17334:17 March
17328:Archived
17256:Archived
17226:Archived
17132:Archived
17023:Archived
16984:Archived
16980:54021858
16913:Archived
16844:Archived
16808:Archived
16739:16568545
16682:29 March
16676:Archived
16672:56727455
16629:Archived
16524:15757160
16461:Archived
16374:40618530
16342:(1): 4.
16310:31910431
16251:54224451
16188:31910431
16124:35022612
15973:27558064
15756:10 April
15750:Archived
15546:20 April
15540:Archived
15481:20 April
15475:Archived
15393:24670765
15354:(2014).
15302:: 1â53.
15271:Archived
15241:Archived
15207:11214311
15153:Archived
15050:Archived
15046:38710056
14976:Archived
14974:. 2003.
14827:Archived
14800:10 April
14794:Archived
14622:31 March
14616:Archived
14417:Archived
14387:Archived
14336:36874191
14268:29 March
14262:Archived
14174:Archived
14016:46766640
13982:(1): 5.
13910:21468196
13902:17569855
13844:Archived
13814:Archived
13780:Archived
13742:Wikidata
13620:Archived
13590:Archived
13511:Archived
13481:Archived
13454:Archived
13413:25 March
13407:Archived
13377:Archived
13348:Archived
13317:(2008).
13294:31 March
13288:Archived
13115:Archived
13069:14820512
13002:Archived
12998:54079935
12925:Archived
12748:Archived
12714:24670644
12584:31 March
12575:Archived
12563:17793016
12499:Archived
12440:18688556
12298:Archived
12277:21 April
12268:Archived
12264:13282788
12126:Archived
12106:21 April
12100:Archived
12096:phys.org
12072:21 April
12063:Archived
12051:15731439
11993:17960236
11946:31 March
11940:Archived
11848:21272762
11840:10325220
11789:15919987
11744:13 April
11738:Archived
11587:Archived
11557:Archived
11503:Archived
11440:59474402
11324:21796207
11271:Archived
11179:22 April
11173:Archived
11136:22582256
11050:22 April
11044:Archived
11014:Archived
10983:22 April
10977:Archived
10946:14 April
10940:Archived
10916:22 April
10910:Archived
10876:Archived
10748:Archived
10719:Archived
10647:Archived
10620:Archived
10569:Archived
10488:22 March
10365:10 March
10359:Archived
10330:Archived
10280:Archived
10247:Archived
10097:Archived
10073:Archived
10029:(1): 5.
9942:21 April
9936:Archived
9928:"Deimos"
9908:21 April
9902:Archived
9866:"Phobos"
9844:Archived
9807:22 April
9778:45843366
9722:Archived
9711:Archived
9638:Archived
9608:Archived
9541:(2007).
9525:17 March
9494:12 April
9488:Archived
9434:15 March
9326:12 April
9320:Archived
9281:Archived
9251:Archived
9220:Archived
9195:24 March
9077:21 April
9071:Archived
8925:Archived
8861:21 April
8855:Archived
8786:22408219
8722:20 April
8682:17741171
8627:(1981).
8566:29 March
8560:Archived
8556:27971203
8451:Archived
8378:Archived
8348:Archived
8326:OpenStax
8293:Archived
8262:Archived
8226:Archived
8222:53443301
8187:14077895
8047:: A131.
8017:Archived
8013:Stanford
7987:Archived
7859:16419857
7673:31 March
7667:Archived
7570:Archived
7554:Archived
7445:Archived
7330:Archived
7248:Archived
7195:28 March
7189:Archived
7012:Archived
6981:55949289
6857:(2007).
6828:28 March
6822:Archived
6781:28 March
6775:Archived
6763:16688170
6698:Archived
6671:Archived
6566:14647375
6482:28 March
6476:Archived
6415:Archived
6389:Archived
6210:Archived
6208:. NASA.
6162:Archived
6085:Archived
6004:10073988
5930:Archived
5873:11606772
5751:15917802
5657:11148141
5495:10 April
5486:Archived
5418:15244154
5355:Archived
5323:27720602
5315:15637266
5188:Archived
5160:56092512
5113:55944238
5056:Archived
5032:19 April
5026:Archived
4887:Archived
4839:19 April
4829:nasa.gov
4754:Archived
4697:54079935
4640:19 April
4614:8 August
4567:Archived
4537:Archived
4507:Archived
4477:Archived
4451:Archived
4421:Archived
4374:Archived
4339:Archived
4306:Archived
4280:Archived
4122:Archived
4103:Archived
3621:See also
3306:Hercules
3220:and the
2729:sednoids
2725:detached
2650:Xiangliu
2646:Gonggong
2640:Dysnomia
2573:Makemake
2507:Kerberos
2491:plutinos
2350:Centaurs
2231:Hyperion
2170:moonlets
2124:Callisto
2120:Ganymede
2105:Amalthea
2101:Adrastea
1979:centaurs
1915:Veneneia
1903:basaltic
1877:volatile
1869:hydrated
1750:families
1721:Asteroid
1708:craters.
1680:minerals
1587:and 21%
1585:nitrogen
1533:basaltic
1498:tectonic
1410:and the
1326:universe
1256:radiated
1101:orreries
1032:aphelion
1001:prograde
982:ecliptic
767:volatile
680:galaxy.
611:centaurs
587:Gonggong
583:Makemake
495:it as a
493:classify
365:50â70 AU
253:Gonggong
248:Makemake
76:Location
23038:Portals
23003:Related
22876:Devices
22782:Gravity
22731:Related
22651:Nearest
22599:Chinese
22447:Cluster
22420:Contact
22257:Proplyd
22131:Remnant
22019:Blitzar
21993:Hawking
21949:Strange
21899:Burster
21855:Neutron
21808:Extreme
21759:He-weak
21404:T Tauri
21237:(6.5029
21193:(9.7063
21167:(8.3044
21154:(7.8558
21144:(5.9629
21087:(4.3441
21041:(8.7094
20989:member
20987:Primary
20927:Commons
20879:history
20849:Russian
20697:Related
20606:Optical
20591:Tibetan
20575:Serbian
20568:Persian
20512:Chinese
20489:Culture
20409:History
20280:Amateur
20211:History
20204:Outline
19964:Related
19943:by size
19632:Neptune
19617:Jupiter
19568:Mercury
19493:outline
19438:Phaeton
19433:Nemesis
19420:objects
19272:Neptune
19245:Jupiter
19225:Trojans
19218:Neptune
19203:Jupiter
19183:Mercury
19114:Haumean
19104:Uranian
19086: (
19000:Hiʻiaka
18934:Proteus
18924:Neptune
18912:Miranda
18902:Umbriel
18892:Titania
18880:all 146
18845:Iapetus
18798:Jupiter
18692:Neptune
18670:Jupiter
18638:Mercury
18620:Planets
18545:Neptune
18530:Jupiter
18503:Mercury
18169: (
18140:minutes
17793:3 March
17785:. JPL.
17723:Bibcode
17698:1 April
17660:Bibcode
17576:Bibcode
17551:3 April
17530:3654879
17486:28 June
17440:7 April
17416:Bibcode
17318:"solar"
17287:Bibcode
17232:1 April
17194:Bibcode
17163:Bibcode
17138:1 April
17052:Bibcode
16990:1 April
16919:1 April
16909:2028999
16889:Bibcode
16814:1 April
16776:Bibcode
16764:: L10.
16719:Bibcode
16635:2 April
16594:Bibcode
16557:Bibcode
16545:: 185.
16504:Bibcode
16467:8 April
16413:Bibcode
16354:Bibcode
16290:Bibcode
16231:Bibcode
16168:Bibcode
16096:Bibcode
16023:Bibcode
15981:4451513
15953:Bibcode
15892:Bibcode
15831:Bibcode
15727:. A139.
15705:Bibcode
15628:Bibcode
15585:Bibcode
15522:Bibcode
15457:Bibcode
15401:4393431
15373:Bibcode
15314:Bibcode
15247:23 June
15187:Bibcode
15159:7 April
15100:Bibcode
15026:Bibcode
14924:Bibcode
14836:25 July
14770:Bibcode
14723:Bibcode
14684:Bibcode
14670:comets"
14647:Bibcode
14592:23 June
14554:1890983
14524:Bibcode
14464:Bibcode
14423:9 April
14393:9 April
14363:Bibcode
14327:9974711
14298:Bibcode
14219:Bibcode
14217:: 268.
14180:23 June
14125:Bibcode
14060:Bibcode
13994:Bibcode
13937:Bibcode
13882:Bibcode
13874:Science
13850:2 April
13820:16 July
13718:Bibcode
13667:Bibcode
13626:15 July
13596:9 April
13546:Bibcode
13517:9 April
13460:9 April
13357:9 April
13239:Bibcode
13195:Bibcode
13160:Bibcode
13099:Bibcode
13049:Bibcode
12978:Bibcode
12921:2578831
12901:Bibcode
12832:Bibcode
12722:4467484
12686:Bibcode
12647:Bibcode
12615:23 June
12571:1948948
12543:Bibcode
12534:Science
12465:Bibcode
12420:Bibcode
12375:Bibcode
12332:Bibcode
12304:6 April
12244:Bibcode
12189:Bibcode
12059:1058405
12031:Bibcode
12023:Science
12001:4330204
11973:Bibcode
11820:Bibcode
11812:Science
11769:Bibcode
11761:Science
11658:Bibcode
11541:Bibcode
11467:Bibcode
11420:Bibcode
11373:Bibcode
11304:Bibcode
11277:13 June
11230:Bibcode
11228:: 719.
11116:Bibcode
11108:Science
11079:Bibcode
11020:3 April
10885:19 July
10790:Bibcode
10746:. IAU.
10685:Bibcode
10653:30 July
10604:Bibcode
10575:1 March
10517:Bibcode
10463:Bibcode
10314:Bibcode
10229:Bibcode
10170:Bibcode
10125:Bibcode
10079:9 March
10069:7683815
10041:Bibcode
10001:1 March
9971:1 March
9882:19 July
9850:25 July
9758:Bibcode
9705:NASA â
9690:23 July
9614:9 April
9555:Bibcode
9391:Bibcode
9183:Staff.
9035:Bibcode
8893:Bibcode
8809:Bibcode
8748:Bibcode
8644:Bibcode
8636:Science
8592:Bibcode
8492:Bibcode
8457:2 April
8415:Bibcode
8384:1 April
8354:9 March
8299:1 April
8268:2 April
8232:1 April
8157:Bibcode
8108:Bibcode
8059:Bibcode
7993:6 April
7955:120â127
7914:Bibcode
7839:Bibcode
7784:Bibcode
7719:Bibcode
7659:Bibcode
7616:Bibcode
7560:6 April
7521:8 April
7478:Bibcode
7451:2 April
7336:9 April
7254:2 April
7224:Bibcode
7146:Bibcode
7091:Bibcode
7042:Bibcode
6961:Bibcode
6818:6533014
6771:4420518
6735:Bibcode
6599:Bibcode
6574:4395099
6546:Bibcode
6448:31 July
6421:12 July
6401:citing
6395:29 July
6359:Bibcode
6247:Bibcode
6216:6 April
6190:6 April
6130:Bibcode
6091:6 April
5982:Bibcode
5912:Bibcode
5841:Bibcode
5784:Bibcode
5729:Bibcode
5682:Bibcode
5637:Bibcode
5582:Bibcode
5536:Bibcode
5478:Bibcode
5398:Bibcode
5361:9 April
5295:Bibcode
5286:Science
5255:Bibcode
5218:Bibcode
5140:Bibcode
5091:Bibcode
4979:Bibcode
4871:Bibcode
4869:: 812.
4788:Bibcode
4736:Bibcode
4677:Bibcode
4380:18 July
4230:Bibcode
3587:Voyager
3543:Neptune
3520:a comet
3497:gravity
3495:and of
3447:Galileo
3138:G-Cloud
3126:G-Cloud
2995:of the
2939:meteors
2801:Cassini
2555:Hiʻiaka
2356:Centaur
2341:geysers
2317:Neptune
2304:Miranda
2296:Umbriel
2288:Titania
2281:chaotic
2235:Iapetus
2208:Telesto
2204:Calypso
2086:auroras
2064:Jupiter
2047:kelvins
2022:Neptune
2010:Jupiter
1941:Trojans
1609:deserts
1597:weather
1593:climate
1511:Mercury
1486:mantles
1447:Mercury
1388:aurorae
1339:is the
1308:of the
1017:ellipse
854:remnant
835:chaotic
810:migrate
722:As the
548:Neptune
532:Jupiter
526:); two
512:Mercury
504:planets
479:by the
451:is the
352:Neptune
202:Neptune
187:Jupiter
167:Mercury
159:Planets
22933:Models
22903:Orrery
22772:Galaxy
22760:Planet
22748:Desert
22656:bright
22594:Arabic
22415:Binary
22235:Bubble
21959:Planck
21934:Exotic
21870:Binary
21865:Pulsar
21803:Helium
21764:Barium
21707:Carbon
21700:Yellow
21688:Yellow
21661:Yellow
21500:PG1159
21287:(7.430
21278:Y-type
21227:L-type
21180:(8.724
21130:M-type
21067:(0 ly)
21057:G-type
21031:A-type
20895:Zodiac
20835:French
20540:Indian
20533:Hebrew
20272:Manner
20138:
20131:
20124:
20099:
20092:
20085:
20078:
20071:
20064:
20057:
19986:Syzygy
19908:Comets
19841:System
19826:Planet
19719:EXCEDE
19627:Uranus
19622:Saturn
19612:Comets
19605:mining
19583:mining
19473:Vulcan
19314:active
19309:Hygiea
19304:Pallas
19267:Uranus
19213:Uranus
19208:Saturn
19143:Comets
19135:bodies
19133:System
19079:Jovian
19017:Weywot
19012:Quaoar
19005:Namaka
18995:Haumea
18968:Charon
18944:all 16
18939:Nereid
18929:Triton
18917:all 28
18897:Oberon
18887:Uranus
18875:Phoebe
18855:Tethys
18830:Saturn
18823:all 95
18818:Europa
18791:Deimos
18786:Phobos
18765:Earth
18726:Quaoar
18721:Haumea
18701:Dwarfs
18687:Uranus
18675:Saturn
18660:Giants
18625:dwarfs
18572:Quaoar
18565:Haumea
18540:Uranus
18535:Saturn
18194:about
18026:
17912:
17740:(math)
17686:
17678:
17619:
17594:
17536:
17528:
17472:
17426:
17220:
17212:
17126:
17116:
17089:
17029:13 May
17015:
16978:
16970:
16907:
16850:1 June
16802:
16794:
16737:
16670:
16660:
16576:Icarus
16522:
16453:
16376:. L17.
16372:
16316:
16308:
16271:Nature
16249:
16194:
16186:
16149:Nature
16130:
16122:
16114:
16077:Nature
16051:
16043:
15979:
15971:
15934:Nature
15912:
15851:
15787:
15783:â163.
15723:
15693:: 13.
15399:
15391:
15364:Nature
15332:
15277:1 July
15213:
15205:
15179:Nature
15128:
15120:
15044:
14952:
14944:
14893:
14788:
14741:
14560:
14552:
14544:
14492:
14484:
14381:
14334:
14324:
14316:
14145:
14080:
14014:
13908:
13900:
13789:12 May
13772:
13744:
13736:
13709:Nature
13687:
13570:. 225.
13566:
13487:4 July
13448:
13438:
13383:5 July
13342:
13332:
13187:Icarus
13142:Icarus
13109:
13097:: 20.
13067:
12996:
12919:
12850:
12824:Icarus
12788:
12784:â620.
12720:
12712:
12704:
12667:Nature
12569:
12561:
12456:Icarus
12438:
12367:Icarus
12350:
12262:
12181:Icarus
12154:16 May
12132:16 May
12057:
12049:
11999:
11991:
11964:Nature
11907:
11846:
11838:
11797:924257
11795:
11787:
11730:
11705:
11695:
11438:
11402:Icarus
11330:
11322:
11295:Nature
11267:Cosmos
11142:
11134:
10848:
10810:
10762:
10713:
10545:
10537:
10454:Icarus
10286:3 June
10188:
10152:Icarus
10116:Icarus
10067:
10059:
9776:
9602:
9588:Nature
9461:
9409:
9372:Icarus
9312:
9128:
9033:(E4).
8919:
8911:
8827:
8784:
8776:
8758:
8680:
8654:
8554:
8546:
8502:
8342:
8332:
8220:
8210:
8185:
8167:
8138:Icarus
8077:
8023:23 May
7961:
7883:14 May
7857:
7802:
7747:
7739:
7634:
7546:
7539:Europa
7419:10 May
7393:10 May
7367:10 May
7305:
7299:227915
7297:
7289:
7242:
7164:
7109:
7052:
7018:10 May
7004:
6979:
6928:531535
6926:
6916:
6877:
6867:
6816:
6806:
6769:
6761:
6753:
6726:Nature
6704:15 May
6646:
6636:
6590:Icarus
6572:
6564:
6537:Nature
6511:
6350:Icarus
6186:. NASA
6156:
6002:
5871:
5861:
5812:
5802:
5749:
5721:Nature
5700:
5655:
5600:
5554:
5448:
5416:
5347:
5321:
5313:
5158:
5111:
4999:
4881:
4798:
4695:
4345:27 May
4256:
4248:
3966:where
3807:then:
3728:, and
3610:planet
3589:probes
3551:Vulcan
3531:Uranus
3524:Seneca
3300:. The
3259:, and
3216:, the
3210:Hyades
3124:, the
3110:, and
3028:, the
2981:, and
2927:nickel
2903:, and
2864:ionise
2833:Comets
2774:, the
2592:Weywot
2588:Quaoar
2559:Namaka
2551:Haumea
2517:Charon
2509:, and
2337:Triton
2302:, and
2292:Oberon
2252:Uranus
2242:Phoebe
2233:, and
2212:Helene
2191:, and
2189:Tethys
2145:Saturn
2132:Europa
2130:, and
2107:, and
2053:, and
2018:Uranus
2014:Saturn
1925:Pallas
1921:Pallas
1865:carbon
1838:Hygiea
1834:Pallas
1705:Deimos
1694:Phobos
1589:oxygen
1482:crusts
1349:plasma
1314:metals
1252:energy
1005:Triton
952:Orbits
897:. The
800:, the
640:, the
617:, and
607:comets
593:, and
579:Quaoar
575:Haumea
544:Uranus
536:Saturn
481:fusion
305:comets
303:Known
292:Known
281:Known
267:
243:Quaoar
238:Haumea
212:Known
197:Uranus
192:Saturn
23088:Stars
22777:Guest
22581:Lists
22462:Super
22116:Fusor
21989:Black
21974:Quark
21954:Preon
21939:Boson
21875:X-ray
21791:Shell
21744:Ap/Bp
21646:Giant
21564:Early
21510:OH/IR
21340:Stars
21022:stars
20886:lists
20856:Women
20547:Inuit
20526:Greek
20464:Radar
20402:X-ray
20357:Radio
20337:Solar
19901:Lists
19637:Pluto
19595:Ceres
19573:Venus
19468:Tyche
19463:Theia
19299:Vesta
19294:Ceres
19235:Earth
19230:Venus
19193:Earth
19188:Venus
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