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361:. The benefit they derive from their catch varies considerably; in some species, it might include a small part of their nutrient intake and in others it might be an indispensable source of nutrients. As a rule, however, such animal food, however valuable it might be as a source of certain critically important minerals, is not the plants' major source of
429:
soluble minerals, such as potassium and trace elements that are in short supply in environments where the plants flourish. This gives them a decisive advantage over other plants, whereas in nutrient-rich soils they tend to be out-competed by plants adapted to aggressive growth where nutrient supplies are not the major constraints.
368:
Insectivorous plants might consume insects and other animal material trapped adventitiously. However, most species to which such food represents an important part of their intake are specifically, often spectacularly, adapted to attract and secure adequate supplies. Their prey animals typically, but
432:
Technically these plants are not strictly insectivorous, as they consume any animal that they can secure and consume; the distinction is trivial, however, because not many primarily insectivorous organisms exclusively consume insects. Most of those that do have such a restrictive diet, such as
428:
species, exploit the prey organisms mainly in a mutualistic relationship with other creatures, such as resident organisms that contribute to the digestion of prey. In particular, animal prey organisms supply carnivorous plants with nitrogen, but they also are important sources of various other
175:
Although individually small, insects exist in enormous numbers. Insects make up a very large part of the animal biomass in almost all non-marine, non-polar environments. It has been estimated that the global insect biomass is in the region of 10 kg (one
377:. Plants highly adapted to reliance on animal food use a variety of mechanisms to secure their prey, such as pitfalls, sticky surfaces, hair-trigger snaps, bladder-traps, entangling furriness, and lobster-pot trap mechanisms. Also known as
441:, are specialized to exploit particular species, not insects in general. Indeed, much as large mantids and spiders will do, the larger varieties of pitcher plants have been known to consume
188:) organisms. Many creatures depend on insects as their primary diet, and many that do not (and are thus not technically insectivores) nevertheless use insects as a
338:
894:
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have been reclassified; those that have not yet been reclassified and found to be truly related to each other remain in the order
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164:. This order is now abandoned, as not all insectivorous mammals are closely related. Most of the Insectivora
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teeth as they are unnecessary for any large, insectivorous animal subsisting on soft insects such as
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381:, they appear adapted to grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients, especially
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578:"Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica"
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is perhaps the largest insectivore. Insects also can be insectivores; examples are
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141:. The same tooth arrangement is however also suited for eating animals with
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in self-defence; accordingly, they have not been greatly reduced.
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145:, thus the ability to eat insects is an extension of piscivory.
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Examples of insectivores include different kinds of species of
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111:
805:
90:
221:
64:
624:
The
Biomechanics of Insect Flight: Form, function, evolution
835:
Human
Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective
316:. There is some suggestion that the earliest primates were
209:
201:
165:
424:. The list is far from complete, and some plants, such as
365:, which they generally derive mainly from photosynthesis.
386:
268:. Even large mammals are recorded as eating insects; the
261:
137:, with numerous sharp conical teeth, much like a modern
292:. Insectivory also features to various degrees amongst
133:
400 million years ago, the first amphibians were
832:
576:
Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J.; Falcon-Lang, H.J. (2010).
860:
858:
856:
854:
689:""Long-beaked Echidna (Zaglossus bruijni)" (entry)"
806:Jones, S.; Martin, R.; Pilbeam, D., eds. (1994).
772:
509:
192:supplement, particularly when they are breeding.
1463:
851:
744:
451:first well-known treatise on carnivorous plants
826:
540:
925:
812:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
809:The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution
713:
932:
918:
889:
883:
681:
657:Field Guide to the Cascades & Olympics
654:Whitney, Stephen R.; Sandelin, R. (2004).
649:
647:
899:. London, UK: John Murray. Archived from
864:
67:is very different. The aardwolf uses its
337:
89:
74:
38:
30:For the now-abandoned mammal taxon, see
778:
660:. The Mountaineers Books. p. 317.
644:
357:from trapping and consuming animals or
327:
125:The first vertebrate insectivores were
14:
1464:
939:
617:
913:
837:. Boston, MA: Little Brown & Co.
544:The Insects: An outline of entomology
541:Gullan, P.J.; Cranston, P.S. (2005).
353:are plants that derive some of their
722:. www.animalinfo.org. Archived from
445:such as small rodents and lizards.
24:
865:Slack, Adrian; Gate, Jane (2000).
785:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 92.
748:The Economic Importance of Insects
695:. West of Scotland & Ayr Group
620:"Flight and the Pterygote Insecta"
25:
1493:
392:Insectivorous plants include the
1103:
833:Weiss, M.L.; Mann, A.E. (1985).
482:
120:human practice of eating insects
799:
184:of 10 (one billion billion, or
47:skull exhibits greatly reduced
738:
707:
611:
534:
503:
118:, which can also refer to the
98:, a large insectivorous mammal
13:
1:
497:
487:The dictionary definition of
7:
1477:Animals by eating behaviors
456:
195:
148:At one time, insectivorous
110:animal or plant that eats
27:Organism which eats insects
10:
1498:
628:Princeton University Press
510:Miller, George A. (2009).
478:List of feeding behaviours
369:not exclusively, comprise
331:
29:
1451:Category:Eating behaviors
1426:
1272:
1196:
1175:
1112:
1101:
1068:
1032:
956:
947:
779:Stetoff, Rebecca (2006).
751:. Springer. p. 198.
468:Consumer-resource systems
154:scientifically classified
114:. An alternative term is
745:Hill, Dennis S. (1997).
420:and many members of the
180:tons) with an estimated
1431:Antipredator adaptation
618:Dudley, Robert (2002).
389:and rock outcroppings.
522:. Princeton University
347:
99:
87:
72:
903:on 23 September 2006.
341:
93:
78:
42:
896:Insectivorous Plants
553:Blackwell Publishing
351:Insectivorous plants
334:Insectivorous plants
328:Insectivorous plants
1446:Carnivorous protist
1300:Intraguild predator
597:2010Geo....38.1079S
396:, several types of
1441:Carnivorous fungus
1091:Sexual cannibalism
1076:Animal cannibalism
941:Feeding behaviours
867:Carnivorous Plants
379:carnivorous plants
348:
100:
88:
73:
1459:
1458:
1436:Carnivorous plant
1312:Aquatic predation
1099:
1098:
1081:Human cannibalism
876:978-0-262-69089-8
792:978-0-7614-1816-0
782:The Primate Order
758:978-0-412-49800-8
718:Proteles cristata
714:Holekamp, Kay E.
667:978-0-89886-808-1
637:978-0-691-09491-5
630:. pp. 3–35.
591:(12): 1079–1082.
562:978-1-4051-1113-3
385:, such as acidic
16:(Redirected from
1489:
1305:Pursuit predator
1107:
1086:Self-cannibalism
954:
953:
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920:
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726:on 17 April 2010
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414:waterwheel plant
290:praying mantises
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1413:Surplus killing
1285:Ambush predator
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555:. p. 455.
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344:Drosera species
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1482:Insect ecology
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1388:Hypercarnivore
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1364:Cattle feeding
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1347:Feeding frenzy
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693:animalinfo.org
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447:Charles Darwin
398:pitcher plants
332:Main article:
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324:insectivores.
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96:giant anteater
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1398:Mesocarnivore
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1393:Hypocarnivore
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1342:Bottom feeder
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1290:Apex predator
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1069:cannibalistic
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1055:Breastfeeding
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1050:Placentophagy
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969:Egg predation
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869:. MIT Press.
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844:0-673-39013-6
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819:0-521-32370-3
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514:insectivorous
512:"Article for
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493:at Wiktionary
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18:Insectivorous
1418:Trophallaxis
1322:Pivot feeder
1317:Lunge feeder
1295:Egg predator
1183:Phagocytosis
1033:reproductive
1004:Myrmecophagy
994:Molluscivore
978:
901:the original
895:
885:
866:
834:
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808:
801:
781:
774:
762:. Retrieved
747:
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728:. Retrieved
724:the original
717:
709:
697:. Retrieved
692:
683:
671:. Retrieved
656:
623:
613:
588:
584:
571:
543:
536:
524:. Retrieved
519:
513:
505:
489:
431:
422:Bromeliaceae
410:bladderworts
391:
378:
367:
349:
342:
286:robber flies
226:nightingales
199:
174:
170:Eulipotyphla
147:
143:exoskeletons
129:. When they
124:
115:
103:
101:
69:canine teeth
36:
1239:Planktivore
1224:Detritivore
1219:Coprophagia
1209:Bacterivore
1204:Microbivory
1188:Myzocytosis
1147:Nectarivore
1137:Graminivore
984:Lepidophagy
979:Insectivore
974:Hematophagy
716:"Aardwolf (
490:insectivore
473:Insectivora
463:Entomophagy
443:vertebrates
435:parasitoids
402:butterworts
274:dragonflies
186:quintillion
162:Insectivora
116:entomophage
108:carnivorous
104:insectivore
53:carnassials
32:Insectivora
1466:Categories
1403:Parasitism
1337:Bait balls
1327:Ram feeder
1259:Plastivore
1254:Lithotroph
1244:Saprophagy
1167:Osteophagy
1157:Palynivore
1114:Herbivores
1045:Paedophagy
1019:Spongivore
1009:Ophiophagy
949:Carnivores
891:Darwin, C.
549:Malden, MA
498:References
449:wrote the
418:brocchinia
375:arthropods
373:and other
296:, such as
270:sloth bear
246:armadillos
218:chameleons
182:population
135:piscivores
127:amphibians
81:robber fly
1472:Carnivory
1408:Scavenger
1280:Predation
1249:Xenophagy
1229:Geophagia
1214:Fungivore
1162:Xylophagy
1152:Mellivory
1132:Frugivore
1127:Florivore
1024:Vermivore
1014:Piscivore
999:Mucophagy
989:Man-eater
453:in 1875.
359:protozoan
355:nutrients
318:nocturnal
298:marmosets
258:aardwolfs
254:pangolins
250:aardvarks
242:anteaters
139:crocodile
83:eating a
61:dentition
1359:Browsing
1234:Omnivore
1176:Cellular
1122:Folivore
893:(1875).
457:See also
433:certain
426:Roridula
383:nitrogen
322:arboreal
306:tarsiers
302:tamarins
294:primates
282:ladybugs
234:echidnas
230:swallows
196:Examples
85:hoverfly
57:termites
45:aardwolf
1374:Grazing
1273:Methods
1060:Weaning
1040:Oophagy
964:Avivore
764:1 April
730:1 April
699:1 April
673:1 April
593:Bibcode
585:Geology
526:1 April
520:WordNet
406:sundews
371:insects
314:aye-aye
310:galagos
278:hornets
266:spiders
238:numbats
214:lizards
206:opossum
190:protein
178:billion
160:called
150:mammals
131:evolved
112:insects
1379:Forage
1369:Fodder
1197:Others
873:
841:
816:
789:
755:
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