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The
Liberals won a decisive victory in 1917, and although Gustaf nevertheless tried to appoint another conservative ministry, it could not garner enough support in the Riksdag. It was now obvious that the king could no longer pick a government entirely of his choosing, nor could he keep an unpopular
404:) remained unchanged, it was understood that he was to exercise his powers through the ministers and act on their advice. As a result, the ministers did most of the actual work of governing, making Sweden a de facto parliamentary monarchy.
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ministry in office against the will of the
Riksdag. Gustaf yielded and appointed a liberal-social democratic coalition that effectively arrogated most of the crown's political powers to itself.
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Although the
Instrument of Government remained in force to the end of 1974, a large number of important reforms were made in the meantime which transformed the structures of Swedish government.
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As the
Riksdag's authority grew, it became increasingly difficult for a government to stay in office solely with the Crown's support. This tension grew especially bad after 1907, when a
246:. In order to prevent future succession crises, the rights of Bernadotte's descendants to accede to the Swedish throne were codified in an amendment to the Instrument of Government, the
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Originally, ministers were politically responsible solely to the king, who appointed and dismissed them. However, they were legally responsible to the
Riksdag and a special court (
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Initially the
Instrument only curtailed the powers of the king, who retained a significant role in politics, but over time the crown's powers were reduced still further
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As
Charles XIII was childless, it was vital to find an heir in order to guarantee a smooth succession upon his death. The Riksdag initially elected a Danish prince and
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required him to ensure they had the support of a majority in the
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publicly criticising the government, which resigned in protest, whereupon the king appointed a conservative government of civil servants responsible to him.
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against the unpopular king. Gustav Adolf was arrested, forced to abdicate and then sent into exile, and his uncle Duke
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Lewin, Leif (1 May 2007). "Majoritarian and Consensus Democracy: the Swedish Experience".
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by a new constitution. The new constitution was drawn up by a committee led by
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was chosen that enjoyed the confidence of the Riksdag but was disliked by
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This military catastrophe provided an opportunity for disaffected
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from 1809 to the end of 1974. It came about as a result of the
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On 1 January 1975, the 1809 Instrument was replaced by a new
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The 1809 Instrument was finally replaced altogether by the
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One of the Four Basic Laws of the Swedish constitution
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