537:
variable length. Straight high-speed runners can receive plugs, which contain small long runner extensions. The plenum of a 6- or 8-cylinder engine can be parted into halves, with the even firing cylinders in one half and the odd firing cylinders in the other part. Both sub-plenums and the air intake are connected to an Y (sort of main plenum). The air oscillates between both sub-plenums, with a large pressure oscillation there, but a constant pressure at the main plenum. Each runner from a sub plenum to the main plenum can be changed in length. For V engines this can be implemented by parting a single large plenum at high engine speed by means of sliding valves into it when speed is reduced.
133:
141:
462:
exhaust manifold design, as well as the exhaust valve opening time can be so calibrated as to achieve greater evacuation of the cylinder. The exhaust manifolds achieve a vacuum in the cylinder just before the piston reaches top dead center. The opening inlet valve can then—at typical compression ratios—fill 10% of the cylinder before beginning downward travel. Instead of achieving higher pressure in the cylinder, the inlet valve can stay open after the piston reaches bottom dead center while the air still flows in.
513:
478:, originally designed for carburetor V8 engines, the two plane, the split plenum intake manifold separates the intake pulses which the manifold experiences by 180 degrees in the firing order. This minimizes interference of one cylinder's pressure waves with those of another, giving better torque from smooth mid-range flow. Such manifolds may have been originally designed for either two- or four-barrel carburetors, but now are used with both throttle-body and
410:
343:
36:
443:
air in the manifold. Due to the air's inertia, the equalization will tend to oscillate: At first the air in the runner will be at a lower pressure than the manifold. The air in the manifold then tries to equalize back into the runner, and the oscillation repeats. This process occurs at the speed of sound, and in most manifolds travels up and down the runner many times before the valve opens again.
454:
static and dependent on the length of the intake runner and the speed of sound. The traditional solution has been to tune the length of the intake runner for a specific engine speed where maximum performance is desired. However, modern technology has given rise to a number of solutions involving electronically controlled valve timing (for example
470:
to be reduced. In an engine with at least six cylinders the averaged intake flow is nearly constant and the plenum volume can be smaller. To avoid standing waves within the plenum it is made as compact as possible. The intake runners each use a smaller part of the plenum surface than the inlet, which
465:
In some engines the intake runners are straight for minimal resistance. In most engines, however, the runners have curves, some very convoluted to achieve desired runner length. These turns allow for a more compact manifold, with denser packaging of the whole engine, as a result. Also, these "snaked"
453:
To harness the full power of the
Helmholtz resonance effect, the opening of the intake valve must be timed correctly, otherwise the pulse could have a negative effect. This poses a very difficult problem for engines, since valve timing is dynamic and based on engine speed, whereas the pulse timing is
313:
spray fuel droplets into the air in the manifold. Due to electrostatic forces and condensation from the boundary layer, some of the fuel will form into pools along the walls of the manifold, and due to surface tension of the fuel, small droplets may combine into larger droplets in the airstream. Both
220:
distribute the combustion mixture (or just air in a direct injection engine) to each intake port in the cylinder head(s). Even distribution is important to optimize the efficiency and performance of the engine. It may also serve as a mount for the carburetor, throttle body, fuel injectors and other
588:
due to
Helmholtz resonance. However, this effect occurs only over a narrow engine speed range which is directly influenced by intake length. A variable intake can create two or more pressurized "hot spots." When the intake air speed is higher, the dynamic pressure pushing the air (and/or mixture)
461:
As a result of "resonance tuning", some naturally aspirated intake systems operate at a volumetric efficiency above 100%: the air pressure in the combustion chamber before the compression stroke is greater than the atmospheric pressure. In combination with this intake manifold design feature, the
442:
property of air. Air flows at considerable speed through the open valve. When the valve closes, the air that has not yet entered the valve still has a lot of momentum and compresses against the valve, creating a pocket of high pressure. This high-pressure air begins to equalize with lower-pressure
450:. When the piston accelerates downwards, the pressure at the output of the intake runner is reduced. This low pressure pulse runs to the input end, where it is converted into an over-pressure pulse. This pulse travels back through the runner and rams air through the valve. The valve then closes.
536:
manifold technology. Four common implementations exist. First, two discrete intake runners with different length are employed, and a butterfly valve can close the short path. Second the intake runners can be bent around a common plenum, and a sliding valve separates them from the plenum with a
493:
manifolds with 'wet runners' for carbureted engines used exhaust gas diversion through the intake manifold to provide vaporizing heat. The amount of exhaust gas flow diversion was controlled by a heat riser valve in the exhaust manifold, and employed a
430:
of an engine. Abrupt contour changes provoke pressure drops, resulting in less air (and/or fuel) entering the combustion chamber; high-performance manifolds have smooth contours and gradual transitions between adjacent segments.
566:, the speed of the airflow is increased by directing the air through a path with limited capacity (cross-sectional area). The larger path opens when the load increases so that a greater amount of air can enter the chamber. In
417:
engine (top) to a custom-built one used in competition (bottom). In the custom-built manifold, the runners to the intake ports on the cylinder head are much wider and more gently tapered. This difference improves the
471:
supplies air to the plenum, for aerodynamic reasons. Each runner is placed to have nearly the same distance to the main inlet. Runners whose cylinders fire close after each other, are not placed as neighbors.
438:, individual tubes extending to each intake port on the cylinder head which emanate from a central volume or "plenum" beneath the carburetor. The purpose of the runner is to take advantage of the
589:
inside the engine is increased. The dynamic pressure is proportional to the square of the inlet air speed, so by making the passage narrower or longer the speed/dynamic pressure is increased.
329:
Only a certain degree of turbulence is useful in the intake. Once the fuel is sufficiently atomized, additional turbulence causes unneeded pressure drops and a drop in engine performance.
446:
The smaller the cross-sectional area of the runner, the higher the pressure changes on resonance for a given airflow. This aspect of
Helmholtz resonance reproduces one result of the
326:
by enlarging the flame front. To achieve this turbulence it is a common practice to leave the surfaces of the intake and intake ports in the cylinder head rough and unpolished.
1206:
1758:
414:
1199:
1751:
701:
sport either the Intake
Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) for 4V engines, or the Charge Motion Control Valve (CMCV) for 3V engines.
2326:
1192:
723:
100:
1017:
1001:
72:
1744:
708:
engine in the Ford Escort and
Mercury Tracer feature an Intake Manifold Runner Control variable geometry intake manifold.
498:
which changed tension according to the heat in the manifold. Today's fuel-injected engines do not require such devices.
2265:
593:
Many automobile manufacturers use similar technology with different names. Another common term for this technology is
79:
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119:
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53:
17:
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1943:
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or cast iron, but use of composite plastic materials is gaining popularity (e.g. most
Chrysler 4-cylinders,
1824:
1410:
1337:
279:
68:
1233:
318:. Turbulence in the intake helps to break up fuel droplets, improving the degree of atomization. Better
2415:
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945:
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248:
169:
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1005:
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which converts to a single plane manifold around 3500 rpm for greater peak flow and horsepower.
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1968:
1482:
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875:
719:
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650:
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runners are needed for some variable length/ split runner designs, and allow the size of the
427:
419:
404:
144:
A cutaway view of the intake of the original
Fordson tractor (including the intake manifold,
93:
2080:
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As the name implies, VLIM can vary the length of the intake tract in order to optimize
213:
from multiple cylinders into a smaller number of pipes – often down to one pipe.
1953:
1893:
1844:
1520:
1405:
1390:
1367:
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705:
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1996:
1983:
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1505:
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264:
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vehicles. Longer inlet ducts used between 1500 and 4100 rpm at 80% load or higher.
145:
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935:
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244:
613:: 2.8-liter V6 gas engine (1991–98); 3.6- and 4.2-liter V8 engines, 1987–present
274:
This vacuum can also be used to draw any piston blow-by gases from the engine's
2222:
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752:
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232:
639:: 2.0 A588 – ECH (2001–2005) used in the 2001–2005 model year Dodge Neon R/T
574:
so the shorter path can be excluded by deactivating the intake valve itself.
2011:
2006:
1973:
1878:
1868:
1804:
1788:
1238:
1163:
manifold, (adv.) "in the proportion of many to one, by many times". AD1526
1053:
974:
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789:
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670:
585:
584:
intake path can have a light pressurizing effect similar to a low-pressure
571:
467:
426:
The design and orientation of the intake manifold is a major factor in the
268:
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2001:
1958:
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engines. An updated version of this technology is employed on the new
409:
228:
and the restriction caused by the throttle valve, in a reciprocating
2316:
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1839:
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actions are undesirable because they create inconsistencies in the
2366:
2250:
1014:
1992–1997 EG33 3.3-liter naturally aspirated DOHC 24-valve flat-6
970:
915:
909:
684:
642:
322:
allows for a more complete burn of all the fuel and helps reduce
2177:
2156:
1933:
1883:
1031:
881:
798:
739:
545:
236:
225:
570:(DOHC) designs, the air paths are often connected to separate
1078:
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861:
807:
779:
748:
636:
252:
1214:
285:
The intake manifold has historically been manufactured from
2331:
887:
610:
282:, in which the gases are burned with the fuel/air mixture.
173:
202:) and refers to the multiplying of one (pipe) into many.
1778:
1069:
830:, and VRIS (variable resistance induction system) in the
622:
177:
555:
There are two main effects of variable intake geometry:
520:, showing components of a variable length intake system.
1028:
EJ20 2.0-liter naturally aspirated DOHC 16-valve flat-4
1008:
EJ20 2.0-liter naturally aspirated DOHC 16-valve flat-4
835:
413:
Comparison of a stock intake manifold for a
Volkswagen
786:, used in the second generation V6, 3.2L (6VD1) Rodeos
665:): on their 2.9-liter 24V Cosworth (BOB) based on the
902:
straight-4 engines; a similar technology is used in
687:
2.5- and 3.0-liter V6s and it was also found on the
247:can be substantial, and can be used as a source of
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
501:
216:The primary function of the intake manifold is to
2407:
1766:
1140:"What Is an Intake Manifold? • STATE OF SPEED"
1752:
1200:
726:V6 in some second generation S10s and Sonomas
516:Lower intake manifold on a 1999 Mazda Miata
458:), and dynamic intake geometry (see below).
371:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
251:to drive auxiliary systems: power assisted
1759:
1745:
1207:
1193:
619:: 2.0 TwinSpark 16v - 155 ps(114 kW)
391:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1825:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
1170:
511:
408:
332:
139:
131:
605:Vehicles using variable intake geometry
434:Modern intake manifolds usually employ
14:
2408:
243:) exists in the intake manifold. This
1740:
1188:
1044:) used in the early versions of the
842:, which is also used by Ford as the
369:adding citations to reliable sources
336:
224:Due to the downward movement of the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1062:(acoustic control induction system)
595:variable resonance induction system
293:2.0, Duratec 2.0 and 2.3, and GM's
24:
482:. An example of the latter is the
271:, ventilation system valves, etc.
136:Carburetors used as intake runners
25:
2432:
1177:Volvoclub UK: 850GLT Engine Info
1042:Toyota Variable Induction System
816:variable inertia charging system
663:Variable-resonance Intake System
422:of the engine's fuel/air intake.
341:
190:comes from the Old English word
34:
1927:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
1091:Volvo B5254S and B5204S engines
1087:Volvo variable induction system
526:variable-length intake manifold
508:Variable-length intake manifold
502:Variable-length intake manifold
45:needs additional citations for
1157:
1132:
1120:Fusible core injection molding
912:: 2.2 L I4, 3.0 L V6
278:. This is known as a positive
13:
1:
1125:
300:
548:, as well as provide better
280:crankcase ventilation system
255:, emission control devices,
7:
1103:
476:180-degree intake manifolds
10:
2437:
1768:Internal combustion engine
534:internal combustion engine
505:
480:multi-point fuel injection
402:
249:automobile ancillary power
221:components of the engine.
170:internal combustion engine
2385:
2349:
2309:
2264:
2236:Diesel particulate filter
2221:
2188:Idle air control actuator
2170:
2137:
2129:Engine control unit (ECU)
2119:
2066:
2020:
1982:
1902:
1787:
1774:
1689:
1636:
1544:
1496:
1428:
1419:
1381:
1226:
1165:Oxford English Dictionary
2301:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
2213:Throttle position sensor
1922:Overhead camshaft layout
1840:Core plug (freeze plug)
874:is used on the 2.0L I4
699:Ford Modular V8 engines
1348:Single-acting cylinder
1281:Double-acting cylinder
667:Ford Cologne V6 engine
521:
423:
194:(from the Anglo-Saxon
153:
137:
1216:Engine configurations
1110:Cylinder head porting
894:– modern versions of
515:
428:volumetric efficiency
420:volumetric efficiency
412:
405:Cylinder head porting
333:Volumetric efficiency
143:
135:
27:Automotive technology
2081:Compression ignition
1318:Oscillating cylinder
820:Mazda FE-DOHC engine
732:: DOHC versions of
365:improve this section
241:atmospheric pressure
168:) is the part of an
54:improve this article
2231:Catalytic converter
1411:Two-and four-stroke
1313:Intake over exhaust
669:in the later model
440:Helmholtz resonance
2357:Knocking / pinging
1949:Combustion chamber
1115:List of auto parts
946:Campro CPS and VIM
522:
496:bi-metallic spring
424:
172:that supplies the
154:
138:
2416:Engine technology
2403:
2402:
2372:Stratified charge
2139:Electrical system
2121:Engine management
1954:Compression ratio
1894:Starter ring gear
1793:rotating assembly
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1430:Inline / straight
1328:Overhead camshaft
1068:: 1.6 L I4,
904:3.2 L 54° V6
818:) is used on the
722:V6, and the 4.3L
681:dual-stage intake
568:dual overhead cam
401:
400:
393:
265:windshield wipers
152:, and fuel lines)
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2428:
2246:Exhaust manifold
2111:Spark plug wires
1997:Boost controller
1984:Forced induction
1761:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1426:
1425:
1421:Cylinder layouts
1209:
1202:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1136:
1093:as found on the
951:Proton Gen-2 CPS
864:160, 180 and 190
396:
389:
385:
382:
376:
345:
337:
207:exhaust manifold
205:In contrast, an
166:American English
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Inlet manifold"
62:
38:
30:
21:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2381:
2377:Top dead centre
2345:
2305:
2260:
2217:
2166:
2140:
2133:
2122:
2115:
2062:
2016:
1978:
1934:Tappet / lifter
1917:Flathead layout
1907:
1898:
1792:
1783:
1770:
1765:
1735:
1726:
1685:
1632:
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1162:
1158:
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1147:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1106:
1101:
1100:
955:Proton Waja CPS
900:Ecotec Family 0
896:Ecotec Family 1
890:(or Vauxhall):
706:2.0L Split Port
606:
550:fuel efficiency
510:
504:
407:
397:
386:
380:
377:
362:
346:
335:
303:
245:manifold vacuum
180:mixture to the
162:intake manifold
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Intake manifold
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11:
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2266:Cooling system
2262:
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2233:
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2223:Exhaust system
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2200:
2195:
2193:Inlet manifold
2190:
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2048:Fuel injection
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2018:
2017:
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2009:
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1815:Connecting rod
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1333:Overhead valve
1330:
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1323:Opposed-piston
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1224:
1223:
1220:piston engines
1212:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1169:
1156:
1144:STATE OF SPEED
1130:
1129:
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1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1076:
1063:
1029:
1022:Subaru Impreza
1015:
1009:
999:
977:
968:
938:
913:
907:
885:
879:
878:engine family.
865:
852:
847:
840:Mazda Z engine
832:Mazda K engine
824:Mazda B engine
805:
796:
787:
777:
767:
746:
737:
727:
712:General Motors
709:
702:
695:
673:
653:
640:
634:
620:
614:
607:
604:
603:
591:
590:
578:Pressurization
575:
560:Venturi effect
506:Main article:
503:
500:
484:Honda J engine
448:Venturi effect
399:
398:
349:
347:
340:
334:
331:
316:air-fuel ratio
311:fuel injectors
302:
299:
257:cruise control
230:spark ignition
158:inlet manifold
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2433:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
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2396:
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2308:
2302:
2299:
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2283:
2280:
2279:Water cooling
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2256:Oxygen sensor
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
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2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:Intake system
2169:
2163:
2162:Starter motor
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Ignition coil
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
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2059:
2056:
2054:
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2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Petrol engine
2031:
2029:
2028:Diesel engine
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:Blowoff valve
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1909:Cylinder head
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
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1828:
1826:
1823:
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1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Balance shaft
1798:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1755:
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1407:
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1402:
1399:
1397:
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1386:
1384:
1383:Stroke cycles
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
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1225:
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1191:
1190:
1187:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:engines, and
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:Subaru Legacy
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:Subaru Legacy
1000:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
978:
976:
972:
969:
966:
962:
961:
956:
952:
948:
947:
942:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
873:
869:
866:
863:
860:
856:
853:
851:
850:Mercedes-Benz
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
806:
804:
800:
797:
795:
791:
788:
785:
781:
778:
775:
771:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
747:
745:
741:
738:
735:
731:
728:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:
707:
703:
700:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:
654:
652:
651:550 Maranello
648:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
628:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
608:
602:
600:
596:
587:
583:
579:
576:
573:
572:intake valves
569:
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:
551:
547:
543:
538:
535:
531:
527:
519:
514:
509:
499:
497:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
472:
469:
463:
459:
457:
451:
449:
444:
441:
437:
432:
429:
421:
416:
411:
406:
395:
392:
384:
374:
370:
366:
360:
359:
355:
350:This section
348:
344:
339:
338:
330:
327:
325:
321:
317:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
272:
270:
269:power windows
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:piston engine
231:
227:
222:
219:
214:
212:
211:exhaust gases
209:collects the
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
151:
147:
142:
134:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2019
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2286:Electric fan
2192:
2086:Coil-on-plug
2012:Turbocharger
2007:Supercharger
1879:Main bearing
1869:Firing order
1859:Displacement
1805:Block heater
1789:Engine block
1777:Part of the
1776:
1712:Split-single
1498:Flat / boxer
1358:Swing-piston
1172:
1164:
1159:
1148:. Retrieved
1146:. 2018-11-10
1143:
1134:
1086:
1082:
1057:
1041:
1035:
958:
944:
919:
891:
884:: I4, V6, V8
871:
815:
811:
802:
683:): on their
680:
676:
671:Ford Scorpio
662:
658:
630:
626:
598:
594:
592:
586:supercharger
577:
559:
554:
539:
529:
525:
523:
490:
488:
475:
473:
464:
460:
452:
445:
435:
433:
425:
387:
378:
363:Please help
351:
328:
324:engine knock
304:
284:
273:
239:(lower than
235:, a partial
223:
217:
215:
204:
199:
195:
191:
185:
184:. The word
161:
157:
155:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2310:Lubrication
2274:Air cooling
2091:Distributor
2043:Fuel filter
2021:Fuel system
2002:Intercooler
1969:Timing belt
1959:Head gasket
1889:Piston ring
1401:Five-stroke
1396:Four-stroke
1353:Split cycle
1291:Free-piston
1234:Atmospheric
965:Proton Saga
960:Campro IAFM
828:straight-4s
784:Isuzu Rodeo
456:Valvetronic
320:atomization
2421:Auto parts
2410:Categories
2362:Power band
2322:Oil filter
2296:Thermostat
2241:EGT sensor
2203:MAF sensor
2198:MAP sensor
2183:Air filter
2147:Alternator
2106:Spark plug
2038:Carburetor
1964:Rocker arm
1904:Valvetrain
1835:Crankshaft
1779:Automobile
1406:Six-stroke
1391:Two-stroke
1308:Heron head
1266:Cam engine
1150:2022-02-03
1126:References
1066:Volkswagen
1024:1999–2001
1012:Subaru SVX
1004:1989–1994
975:Clio 2.0RS
868:Mitsubishi
834:family of
826:family of
704:Ford: The
697:Ford: The
693:Taurus SHO
691:V6 in the
647:360 Modena
617:Alfa Romeo
491:heat riser
403:See also:
307:carburetor
301:Turbulence
291:Ford Zetec
192:manigfeald
150:carburetor
80:newspapers
2096:Glow plug
2058:Fuel tank
2053:Fuel pump
1820:Crankcase
1095:Volvo 850
988:Rover 825
984:Rover 623
957:; Proton
859:MG ZS 180
730:GM Daewoo
718:V6, 3.2L
562:: At low
381:July 2008
352:does not
297:series).
287:aluminium
276:crankcase
263:advance,
182:cylinders
146:vaporizer
2395:Category
2340:Dry sump
2336:Wet sump
2327:Oil pump
2291:Radiator
2208:Throttle
2068:Ignition
1939:Camshaft
1864:Flywheel
1845:Cylinder
1830:Crankpin
1338:Pentroof
1286:Flathead
1276:Compound
1254:Rotative
1104:See also
996:Rover 45
992:Rover 75
920:VarioRam
892:TwinPort
744:Alloytec
734:E-TEC II
532:) is an
261:ignition
187:manifold
2367:Redline
2251:Muffler
2152:Battery
2076:Magneto
1546:V / Vee
1363:Uniflow
1296:Stelzer
1271:Camless
1249:Cornish
971:Renault
963:– 2008
936:Boxster
916:Porsche
910:Peugeot
872:Cyclone
844:Duratec
770:Hyundai
765:Prelude
753:Integra
736:engines
716:LZ8/LZ9
714:: 3.9L
685:Duratec
643:Ferrari
633:systems
436:runners
373:removed
358:sources
309:or the
226:pistons
94:scholar
2390:Portal
2178:Airbox
2157:Dynamo
1884:Piston
1874:Stroke
1853:layout
1781:series
1707:Radial
1697:Deltic
1343:Rotary
1261:Bourke
1052:, and
1032:Toyota
941:Proton
906:engine
882:Nissan
799:Lancia
790:Jaguar
757:Legend
740:Holden
689:Yamaha
675:Ford
546:torque
518:engine
489:Older
468:plenum
295:Ecotec
253:brakes
237:vacuum
218:evenly
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2350:Other
1974:Valve
1944:Chest
1690:Other
1373:Wedge
1239:Axial
1079:Volvo
1054:4A-GE
1050:7M-GE
1046:3S-GE
1037:T-VIS
994:v6,
980:Rover
862:MG ZT
808:Mazda
794:AJ-V6
780:Isuzu
749:Honda
637:Dodge
582:tuned
542:power
200:feald
196:manig
101:JSTOR
87:books
2332:Sump
1849:bank
1810:Bore
1368:Watt
1303:Hemi
1244:Beam
1227:Type
1218:for
1089:) –
1083:VVIS
1059:ACIS
1020:and
953:and
898:and
888:Opel
876:4G63
822:and
812:VICS
656:Ford
631:DIVA
629:and
627:DISA
611:Audi
599:VRIS
580:: A
544:and
530:VLIM
415:1.8T
356:any
354:cite
305:The
198:and
174:fuel
164:(in
73:news
2317:Oil
1906:and
1791:and
1681:W30
1676:W24
1671:W18
1666:W16
1661:W12
1628:V24
1623:V20
1618:V18
1613:V16
1608:V14
1603:V12
1598:V10
1586:VR6
1574:VR5
1536:F16
1531:F12
1526:F10
1488:I14
1483:I12
1070:VR6
1040:– (
1026:JDM
1006:JDM
967:1.3
932:996
928:993
924:964
810::
803:VIS
761:NSX
724:LF4
720:LA3
677:DSI
659:VIS
625::
623:BMW
601:).
564:rpm
474:In
367:by
178:air
160:or
156:An
56:by
2412::
2338:,
1851:,
1656:W8
1651:W6
1646:W3
1593:V8
1581:V6
1569:V5
1564:V4
1559:V3
1554:V2
1521:F8
1516:F6
1511:F4
1506:F2
1478:I9
1473:I8
1468:I7
1463:I6
1458:I5
1453:I4
1448:I3
1443:I2
1438:I1
1142:.
1081::
1074:W8
1072:,
1048:,
1034::
998:v6
990:,
986:,
982::
973::
949:–
943::
934:,
930:,
926:,
922:–
918::
870::
857::
855:MG
836:V6
801::
792::
782::
776:V6
774:XG
772::
763:,
759:,
755:,
751::
742::
649:,
645::
552:.
524:A
267:,
259:,
148:,
2342:)
2334:(
1855:)
1847:(
1760:e
1753:t
1746:v
1722:X
1717:U
1702:H
1638:W
1208:e
1201:t
1194:v
1167:,
1153:.
1085:(
846:.
814:(
679:(
661:(
597:(
528:(
394:)
388:(
383:)
379:(
375:.
361:.
176:/
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
