Knowledge

Integrase

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Following synthesis of HIV's doubled stranded DNA genome, integrase binds to the long tandem repeats flanking the genome on both ends. Using its endonucleolytic activity, integrase cleaves a di or trinucleotide from both 3' ends of the genome in a processing known as 3'-processing. The specificity of
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through SN2-type nucleophilic attack. The 3' ends are covalently linked to the target DNA. The 5' over hangs of the viral genome are then cleaved using host repair enzymes, those same enzymes are believed to be responsible for the integration of the 5' end into the host genome forming the provirus.
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The N-terminus is composed of 50 amino acid residues which contain a conserved histidine, histidine, cytosine, cytosine sequence which chelates zinc ions, furthermore enhancing the enzymatic activity of the catalytic core domain. As metal chelation is vital in integrase efficacy, it is a target for
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The catalytic core domain, like the N-terminus, contains highly conserved amino acid residues -Asp64, Asp116, Glu152- as the conserved DDE (Asp-Asp-Glu) motif contributes to the endonuclease and polynucleotide transferase functions of integrase. Mutations in these regions inactivates integrase and
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replication. Integration is a "point of no return" for the cell, which becomes a permanent carrier of the viral genome (provirus). Integration is in part responsible for the persistence of retroviral infections. After integration, the viral gene expression and particle production may take place
573:(dimer-of-dimers), with all three domains being important for multimerization and viral DNA binding. In addition, several host cellular proteins have been shown to interact with IN to facilitate the integration process: e.g., the host factor, human chromatin-associated protein 583:(HFV), an agent harmless to humans, has an integrase similar to HIV IN and is therefore a model of HIV IN function; a 2010 crystal structure of the HFV integrase assembled on viral DNA ends has been determined. 2164: 2278: 680:
cleavage is improved through the use of cofactors such as Mn and Mg which interact with the DDE motif of the catalytic core domain, acting as cofactors to integrase function.
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Lodi PJ, Ernst JA, Kuszewski J, Hickman AB, Engelman A, Craigie R, et al. (August 1995). "Solution structure of the DNA binding domain of HIV-1 integrase".
708:, demonstrated that the compound has potent antiviral activity. On October 12, 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (U.S.) approved the integrase inhibitor 2289: 2267: 569:(RSV) have been reported, with the first structures determined in 1994. Biochemical data and structural data suggest that retroviral IN functions as a 2611: 2606: 2253: 2085: 610:
3'-processing, in which two or three nucleotides are removed from one or both 3' ends of the viral DNA to expose an invariant CA dinucleotide.
2663: 2300: 660:, catalytic core domain, and C-terminus, which each have distinct properties and functions contributing to the efficacy of HIV integrase. 2228: 2195: 749:
Beck BJ, Freudenreich O, Worth JL (2010). "Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome".
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immediately or at some point in the future, the timing depends on the activity of the chromosomal locus hosting the provirus.
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Integration occurs following production of the double-stranded linear viral DNA by the viral RNA/DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
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the strand transfer reaction, in which the processed 3' ends of the viral DNA are covalently ligated to host chromosomal DNA.
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Structural depiction of the HIV catalytic core domain based on the works of Feng, L. and Kvaratskhelia, M. from the
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Crystal and NMR structures of the individual domains and 2-domain constructs of integrases from HIV-1, HIV-2,
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The main function of IN is to insert the viral DNA into the host chromosomal DNA, an essential step for
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solution structure of the n-terminal zn binding domain of hiv-1 integrase (e form), nmr, 38 structures
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The C-terminus domain binds to host DNA non-specifically and stabilizes the integration complex.
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HH-CC zinc-binding domain (a three-helical bundle stabilized by coordination of a Zn(II) cation),
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Hare S, Di Nunzio F, Labeja A, Wang J, Engelman A, Cherepanov P (July 2009). Luban J (ed.).
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All retroviral IN proteins contain three canonical domains, connected by flexible linkers:
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Delelis O, Carayon K, SaĂŻb A, Deprez E, Mouscadet JF (December 2008).
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Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of General Hospital Psychiatry
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bound to the ends of the viral DNA ends has been referred to as the
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Both reactions are catalyzed in the same active site, and involve
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CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase
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links between) its genetic information into that of the host
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Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Abbasi M, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A (2021).
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Maertens GN, Engelman AN, Cherepanov P (January 2022).
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Choi E, Mallareddy JR, Lu D, Kolluru S (October 2018).
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The newly generated 3'OH groups disrupt the host DNA's
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it infects. Retroviral INs are not to be confused with
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is a 32kDa viral protein consisting of three domains-
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CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase
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CDP-diacylglycerol—choline O-phosphatidyltransferase
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CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase
843: 523:; IN is a key component in this and the retroviral 844:Jóźwik IK, Passos DO, Lyumkis D (September 2020). 328:Crystal structure of the RSV two-domain integrase. 174:Crystal structure of the RSV two-domain integrase. 4020: 1300:"Structure and function of retroviral integrase" 1092: 3978: 2350: 1388: 1141: 3647: 3599: 3551: 3503: 3987: 2813: 2196:N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase 2086:UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 1099:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 716:, was approved in the U.S. in August 2012. 2357: 2343: 1395: 1381: 1251:Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 1190: 322: 168: 27: 3514:Parainfluenza hemagglutinin-neuraminidase 2290:serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 2268:serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 2091:Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 1365:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 1323: 1270: 1216: 1167: 1118: 1069: 1059: 1018: 927: 917: 869: 809: 799: 691: 664:the development of retroviral therapies. 625:protein-DNA intermediate (in contrast to 586: 1148:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 674: 636: 606:Retroviral INs catalyzes two reactions: 627:Ser/Tyr recombinase-catalyzed reactions 4021: 3757: 3695: 2773: 2429: 1142:Burdick RC, Pathak VK (January 2021). 781: 546:a catalytic core domain (RNaseH fold), 3658:Respiratory syncytial virus G protein 2338: 1376: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1197:The Journal of Clinical Investigation 3745: 3683: 3635: 3587: 3539: 3491: 3055: 2981: 2685: 2540: 2506: 988: 986: 984: 982: 895: 893: 891: 889: 839: 837: 835: 833: 831: 829: 1093:Craigie R, Bushman FD (July 2012). 13: 1290: 1233: 850:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 759:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1927-7.00026-1 14: 4050: 3562:Mumps hemagglutinin-neuraminidase 1601:Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase 1350: 979: 886: 826: 2924:Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase 1742:Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase 2755:(non-enveloped circular ds-DNA) 1356:PDB-101 Molecule of the Month: 1263:10.22037/ijpr.2021.115446.15370 1184: 1191:Maldarelli F (February 2016). 1135: 1086: 1035: 944: 775: 753:. Elsevier. pp. 353–370. 742: 696:In November 2005, data from a 1: 3775:Vesiculovirus matrix proteins 2315:Protein-histidine tele-kinase 2310:Protein-histidine pros-kinase 2189:Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase 736: 668:prevents genome integration. 395:Available protein structures: 254:Available protein structures: 100:Available protein structures: 22:Integrase Zinc binding domain 2021:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1304:Nature Reviews. Microbiology 1061:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000515 530: 317:Integrase DNA binding domain 7: 3812:Structure and genome of HIV 2869:(circular partially ds-DNA) 1928:RNA-directed DNA polymerase 1796:DNA-directed DNA polymerase 1111:10.1101/cshperspect.a006890 719: 504:site-specific recombination 502:integrase, as discussed in 10: 4055: 2445:Herpesvirus glycoprotein B 2281:: protein-dual-specificity 1316:10.1038/s41579-021-00586-9 1160:10.1038/s41392-020-00458-3 862:10.1016/j.tips.2020.06.003 700:of an investigational HIV 3955: 3892: 3819: 3810: 3801: 3736: 3674: 3626: 3578: 3530: 3482: 3457: 3424: 3382: 3370: 3361: 3346: 3264: 3219: 3204: 3149: 3114: 3099: 3084: 3031: 2966: 2953: 2944: 2906: 2875: 2864: 2801: 2761: 2732: 2714: 2676: 2651: 2620: 2594: 2585: 2574: 2531: 2497: 2457: 2440:HHV capsid portal protein 2417: 2408: 2390: 2381: 2299: 2277: 2252: 2227: 2208: 2188: 2157: 2147: 2117: 2099: 2076: 2048: 1947: 1787: 1778: 1755: 1715: 1660: 1637: 1609: 1443: 1419: 788:Frontiers in Microbiology 632: 437: 417: 399: 394: 390: 370: 358: 346: 338: 333: 321: 316: 296: 276: 258: 253: 249: 229: 217: 204: 192: 184: 179: 167: 162: 142: 122: 104: 99: 95: 75: 63: 51: 43: 38: 26: 21: 2258:protein-serine/threonine 2158:Phosphatidyltransferases 1747:Thiamine diphosphokinase 1367:Medical Subject Headings 801:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00210 3435:Influenza hemagglutinin 919:10.1186/1742-4690-5-114 685:phosphodiester linkages 525:pre-integration complex 3997:Gag-onc fusion protein 2078:Nucleotidyltransferase 1761:nucleotidyltransferase 1688:Nucleoside-diphosphate 1011:10.4155/fsoa-2018-0060 692:Antiretroviral therapy 645: 587:Function and mechanism 511:macromolecular complex 3967:murine leukemia virus 3858:Reverse transcriptase 3738:Indiana vesiculovirus 3610:Measles hemagglutinin 1932:Reverse transcriptase 1095:"HIV DNA integration" 675:Integration mechanism 640: 593:reverse transcriptase 496:used in biotechnology 163:Integrase core domain 2698:Early 35 kDa protein 1721:diphosphotransferase 1703:Thiamine-diphosphate 1410:-containing groups ( 621:without involving a 553:DNA-binding domain ( 456:Retroviral integrase 2303:: protein-histidine 2221:; protein acceptor) 2109:mRNA capping enzyme 2101:Guanylyltransferase 965:10.1021/bi00031a002 726:Integrase inhibitor 702:integrase inhibitor 619:transesterification 3962:Rous sarcoma virus 1579:Phosphoinositide 3 1423:phosphotransferase 646: 567:Rous Sarcoma Virus 4016: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4007: 4004: 4003: 3951: 3950: 3797: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3478: 3477: 3453: 3452: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3200: 3199: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3027: 3026: 2940: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2860: 2859: 2847: 2846: 2797: 2796: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2672: 2671: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2527: 2526: 2493: 2492: 2453: 2452: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2204: 2203: 2143: 2142: 2044: 2043: 1957:Template-directed 1711: 1710: 1678:Phosphomevalonate 1358:135 HIV Integrase 999:Future Science OA 959:(31): 9826–9833. 782:Masuda T (2011). 581:Human foamy virus 453: 452: 449: 448: 444:structure summary 312: 311: 308: 307: 303:structure summary 158: 157: 154: 153: 149:structure summary 4046: 3985: 3984: 3976: 3975: 3817: 3816: 3808: 3807: 3755: 3754: 3743: 3742: 3693: 3692: 3681: 3680: 3676:Zaire ebolavirus 3645: 3644: 3633: 3632: 3597: 3596: 3585: 3584: 3549: 3548: 3537: 3536: 3501: 3500: 3489: 3488: 3380: 3379: 3368: 3367: 3359: 3358: 3282:3C-like protease 3217: 3216: 3112: 3111: 3097: 3096: 3053: 3052: 2979: 2978: 2973:Duplornaviricota 2964: 2963: 2951: 2950: 2873: 2872: 2811: 2810: 2771: 2770: 2759: 2758: 2730: 2729: 2683: 2682: 2592: 2591: 2583: 2582: 2538: 2537: 2504: 2503: 2427: 2426: 2415: 2414: 2406: 2405: 2388: 2387: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2336: 2335: 2320:Histidine kinase 2243:tyrosine kinases 2233:protein-tyrosine 2225: 2224: 2155: 2154: 1962:RNA polymerase I 1785: 1784: 1776: 1775: 1629:Aspartate kinase 1624:Phosphoglycerate 1441: 1440: 1397: 1390: 1383: 1374: 1373: 1345: 1327: 1285: 1284: 1274: 1242: 1231: 1230: 1220: 1209:10.1172/JCI80564 1188: 1182: 1181: 1171: 1139: 1133: 1132: 1122: 1090: 1084: 1083: 1073: 1063: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1022: 990: 977: 976: 948: 942: 941: 931: 921: 897: 884: 883: 873: 841: 824: 823: 813: 803: 779: 773: 772: 746: 643:protein database 488:phage integrases 392: 391: 326: 314: 313: 251: 250: 172: 160: 159: 97: 96: 31: 19: 18: 16:Class of enzymes 4054: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4000: 3947: 3906:transactivators 3888: 3781: 3724: 3662: 3614: 3566: 3518: 3474: 3449: 3420: 3363:Influenza virus 3353:Negarnaviricota 3350: 3348: 3334: 3260: 3208: 3196: 3145: 3106:Kitrinoviricota 3103: 3088: 3086: 3072: 3044: 3023: 2970: 2955: 2928: 2902: 2868: 2856: 2843: 2793: 2754: 2736: 2722: 2716: 2702: 2668: 2647: 2616: 2578: 2577:(Duplodnaviria, 2576: 2575:circular ds-DNA 2562: 2523: 2489: 2449: 2398: 2392: 2377: 2363: 2333: 2324: 2295: 2273: 2248: 2219: 2213: 2209:2.7.10-2.7.13: 2200: 2184: 2151:: miscellaneous 2139: 2113: 2095: 2072: 2055:exoribonuclease 2052: 2040: 2026:Polyadenylation 1943: 1769: 1763: 1751: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1707: 1669: 1656: 1633: 1605: 1435: 1429: 1421: 1415: 1401: 1353: 1348: 1293: 1291:Further reading 1288: 1243: 1234: 1189: 1185: 1140: 1136: 1091: 1087: 1054:(7): e1000515. 1040: 1036: 991: 980: 949: 945: 898: 887: 842: 827: 780: 776: 769: 747: 743: 739: 722: 694: 677: 635: 589: 533: 329: 175: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4052: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3982: 3980:Fusion protein 3973: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3901: 3899: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3863:HIV-1 protease 3860: 3855: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3828: 3826: 3814: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3769:matrix protein 3764: 3762: 3752: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3707:matrix protein 3702: 3700: 3690: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3642: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3594: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3558: 3556: 3546: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3498: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3472: 3466: 3464: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3431: 3429: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3408:viral envelope 3404: 3403: 3402: 3394:matrix protein 3389: 3387: 3377: 3365: 3356: 3349:negative-sense 3344: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3273: 3271: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3233:viral envelope 3228: 3226: 3214: 3202: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3158: 3156: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3128:viral envelope 3123: 3121: 3109: 3094: 3087:positive-sense 3082: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3064: 3062: 3050: 3029: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2990: 2988: 2976: 2961: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2915: 2913: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2889: 2884: 2882: 2870: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2831: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2808: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2780: 2778: 2768: 2756: 2734:Polyomaviridae 2727: 2712: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2692: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2666: 2660: 2658: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2627: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2603: 2601: 2589: 2580: 2579:Varidnaviria?) 2572: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2521: 2515: 2513: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2466: 2464: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2436: 2434: 2424: 2412: 2410:Herpes simplex 2403: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2366:Viral proteins 2362: 2361: 2354: 2347: 2339: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2306: 2304: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2284: 2282: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2271: 2262: 2260: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2246: 2237: 2235: 2222: 2217: 2211:protein kinase 2206: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2161: 2159: 2152: 2145: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2111: 2105: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2082: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2059: 2057: 2050:Phosphorolytic 2046: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2006: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1953: 1951: 1949:RNA polymerase 1945: 1944: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1797: 1793: 1791: 1789:DNA polymerase 1782: 1773: 1767: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1738: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1674: 1672: 1667: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1646: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1620: 1618: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1576: 1574:Diacylglycerol 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1485:Phosphofructo- 1482: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1465: 1460: 1454: 1452: 1438: 1433: 1417: 1416: 1400: 1399: 1392: 1385: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1360: 1352: 1351:External links 1349: 1347: 1346: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1257:(2): 333–369. 1232: 1203:(2): 438–447. 1183: 1134: 1105:(7): a006890. 1085: 1048:PLOS Pathogens 1034: 978: 943: 885: 856:(9): 611–626. 825: 774: 767: 740: 738: 735: 734: 733: 728: 721: 718: 693: 690: 676: 673: 634: 631: 615: 614: 611: 588: 585: 559: 558: 547: 544: 532: 529: 466:produced by a 451: 450: 447: 446: 441: 435: 434: 421: 415: 414: 404: 397: 396: 388: 387: 374: 368: 367: 362: 356: 355: 350: 344: 343: 340: 336: 335: 331: 330: 327: 319: 318: 310: 309: 306: 305: 300: 294: 293: 280: 274: 273: 263: 256: 255: 247: 246: 233: 227: 226: 221: 215: 214: 209: 202: 201: 196: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 177: 176: 173: 165: 164: 156: 155: 152: 151: 146: 140: 139: 126: 120: 119: 109: 102: 101: 93: 92: 79: 73: 72: 67: 61: 60: 55: 49: 48: 45: 41: 40: 36: 35: 32: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4051: 4040: 4039:Viral enzymes 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4024: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3891: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3484:Parainfluenza 3481: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3456: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3440:Neuraminidase 3438: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3345: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3148: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3083: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2905: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2800: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2760: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2720: 2713: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2678:Baculoviridae 2675: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2573: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2456: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2396: 2395:Duplodnaviria 2391:linear ds-DNA 2389: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2212: 2207: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2051: 2047: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1663: 1659: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1589:Class II PI 3 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1564:Deoxycytidine 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1532:ADP-thymidine 1530: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1187: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1138: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1089: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1038: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1005:(9): FSO338. 1004: 1000: 996: 989: 987: 985: 983: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 947: 939: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 911: 907: 906:Retrovirology 903: 896: 894: 892: 890: 881: 877: 872: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 840: 838: 836: 834: 832: 830: 821: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 793: 789: 785: 778: 770: 768:9781437719277 764: 760: 756: 752: 745: 741: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 698:phase 2 study 689: 686: 681: 672: 669: 665: 661: 659: 655: 652: 651: 644: 639: 630: 628: 624: 620: 612: 609: 608: 607: 604: 601: 596: 594: 584: 582: 578: 576: 572: 568: 564: 556: 552: 548: 545: 542: 538: 537: 536: 528: 526: 522: 521: 516: 515:macromolecule 512: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 445: 442: 440: 436: 433: 429: 425: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 405: 402: 398: 393: 389: 386: 382: 378: 375: 373: 369: 366: 363: 361: 357: 354: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 332: 325: 320: 315: 304: 301: 299: 295: 292: 288: 284: 281: 279: 275: 271: 267: 264: 261: 257: 252: 248: 245: 241: 237: 234: 232: 228: 225: 222: 220: 216: 213: 210: 207: 203: 200: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 178: 171: 166: 161: 150: 147: 145: 141: 138: 134: 130: 127: 125: 121: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 98: 94: 91: 87: 83: 80: 78: 74: 71: 68: 66: 62: 59: 56: 54: 50: 46: 42: 37: 30: 25: 20: 3904: 3893: 3869: 3852: 3845: 3831: 3820: 3767: 3746: 3705: 3684: 3649:glycoprotein 3636: 3601:glycoprotein 3588: 3553:glycoprotein 3540: 3505:glycoprotein 3492: 3458: 3426:glycoprotein 3406: 3392: 3371: 3265: 3256:Nucleocapsid 3231: 3220: 3211:Pisuviricota 3150: 3126: 3115: 3056: 3047:Pisuviricota 2982: 2907: 2876: 2802: 2762: 2724:Monodnaviria 2686: 2652: 2621: 2595: 2587:Epstein–Barr 2541: 2533:Adenoviridae 2507: 2458: 2418: 2400:Varidnaviria 2287: 2265: 2240: 2128: 1861: 1826: 1584:Class I PI 3 1549:Pantothenate 1420:2.7.1-2.7.4: 1404:Transferases 1310:(1): 20–34. 1307: 1303: 1254: 1250: 1200: 1196: 1186: 1151: 1147: 1137: 1102: 1098: 1088: 1051: 1047: 1037: 1002: 998: 956: 953:Biochemistry 952: 946: 909: 905: 853: 849: 791: 787: 777: 750: 744: 714:elvitegravir 695: 682: 678: 670: 666: 662: 653: 648: 647: 616: 605: 597: 590: 579: 560: 534: 518: 508: 492:recombinases 459: 455: 454: 47:Integrase_Zn 3989:oncoprotein 3101:Hepatitis C 2866:Hepatitis B 2852:Agnoprotein 2815:oncoprotein 2789:VP2 and VP3 2135:Transposase 2125:Recombinase 1770:-nucleoside 1596:Sphingosine 710:Raltegravir 334:Identifiers 180:Identifiers 39:Identifiers 4023:Categories 3414:M2 protein 3400:M1 protein 3206:SARS-CoV-2 1937:Telomerase 1780:Polymerase 1554:Mevalonate 1517:Riboflavin 1408:phosphorus 1363:Integrases 912:(1): 114. 737:References 658:N-terminus 551:C-terminal 541:N-terminal 498:, such as 476:integrates 468:retrovirus 407:structures 266:structures 112:structures 3956:Multiple 3853:Integrase 3091:Riboviria 2968:Rotavirus 2958:Riboviria 2719:Riboviria 2129:Integrase 2053:3' to 5' 1698:Guanylate 1693:Uridylate 1683:Adenylate 1527:Thymidine 1522:Shikimate 1342:235787691 1154:(1): 13. 654:integrase 531:Structure 513:of an IN 470:(such as 365:IPR001037 224:IPR001584 70:IPR003308 4029:Virology 3249:Membrane 3244:Envelope 2838:SV40 Tag 2499:Vaccinia 2063:RNase PH 1671:acceptor 1652:Creatine 1645:acceptor 1617:acceptor 1559:Pyruvate 1544:Glycerol 1505:Platelet 1480:Galacto- 1451:acceptor 1334:34244677 1281:34567166 1227:26829624 1178:33436564 1129:22762018 1080:19609359 1029:30416746 938:19091057 880:32624197 820:22016749 731:Integron 720:See also 623:covalent 571:tetramer 555:SH3 fold 520:intasome 480:covalent 462:) is an 424:RCSB PDB 360:InterPro 342:IN_DBD_C 283:RCSB PDB 219:InterPro 129:RCSB PDB 65:InterPro 4034:Enzymes 3580:Measles 3033:Rhinov. 2480:ICP34.5 2014:PrimPol 1999:Primase 1473:Hepatic 1468:Fructo- 1325:8671357 1272:8457747 1218:4731194 1169:7804106 1120:3385939 1071:2705190 1020:6222271 973:7632683 929:2615046 871:7429322 811:3192317 794:: 210. 706:MK-0518 500:λ phage 478:(forms 474:) that 353:PF00552 199:PF00665 58:PF02022 3759:capsid 3697:capsid 3445:HA-tag 3384:capsid 3347:ss-RNA 3277:ORF1ab 3085:ss-RNA 3045:etc. ( 2954:ds-RNA 2775:capsid 2643:EBNA-3 2638:EBNA-2 2633:EBNA-1 2431:capsid 2301:2.7.13 2279:2.7.12 2254:2.7.11 2229:2.7.10 2068:PNPase 2036:PNPase 1992:POLRMT 1987:ssRNAP 1500:Muscle 1463:Gluco- 1427:kinase 1369:(MeSH) 1340:  1332:  1322:  1279:  1269:  1225:  1215:  1176:  1166:  1127:  1117:  1078:  1068:  1027:  1017:  971:  936:  926:  878:  868:  818:  808:  765:  633:In HIV 565:, and 464:enzyme 439:PDBsum 413:  403:  385:SUPFAM 339:Symbol 298:PDBsum 272:  262:  244:SUPFAM 212:CL0219 185:Symbol 144:PDBsum 118:  108:  90:SUPFAM 44:Symbol 3895:VRAPs 3877:gp120 3532:Mumps 3330:ORF9b 3320:ORF7b 3315:ORF7a 3305:ORF3d 3300:ORF3c 3295:ORF3b 3290:ORF3a 3284:(NS5) 3239:Spike 3041:Hep A 3037:Polio 2897:HBeAg 2892:HBcAg 2887:HBsAg 2751:HaPyV 2747:MCPyV 2715:other 2654:ncRNA 2612:LMP-2 2607:LMP-1 2485:ICP47 2470:vmw65 2370:early 2149:2.7.8 2118:Other 1757:2.7.7 1717:2.7.6 1662:2.7.4 1639:2.7.3 1611:2.7.2 1495:Liver 1458:Hexo- 1445:2.7.1 1338:S2CID 575:LEDGF 381:SCOPe 372:SCOP2 240:SCOPe 231:SCOP2 86:SCOPe 77:SCOP2 3882:gp41 3822:VSPs 3748:VSPs 3718:VP24 3713:VP40 3686:VSPs 3638:VSPs 3590:VSPs 3542:VSPs 3494:VSPs 3460:VNPs 3373:VSPs 3325:ORF8 3310:ORF6 3267:VNPs 3222:VSPs 3192:NS5B 3187:NS5A 3182:NS4B 3177:NS4A 3152:VNPs 3117:VSPs 3058:VNPs 3019:NSP6 3014:NSP5 3009:NSP4 3004:NSP3 2999:NSP2 2994:NSP1 2984:VNPs 2909:VNPs 2878:VSPs 2834:LTag 2829:MTag 2824:STag 2804:VNPs 2764:VSPs 2743:MPyV 2739:SV40 2688:VNPs 2664:EBER 2623:VNPs 2597:VSPs 2543:VNPs 2519:B13R 2509:VNPs 2475:ICP8 2460:VNPs 2420:VSPs 2374:late 2372:and 2288:see 2266:see 2241:see 1615:COOH 1414:2.7) 1330:PMID 1277:PMID 1223:PMID 1174:PMID 1125:PMID 1076:PMID 1025:PMID 969:PMID 934:PMID 876:PMID 816:PMID 763:ISBN 509:The 484:cell 432:PDBj 428:PDBe 411:ECOD 401:Pfam 377:1ihw 348:Pfam 291:PDBj 287:PDBe 270:ECOD 260:Pfam 236:2itg 208:clan 206:Pfam 194:Pfam 137:PDBj 133:PDBe 116:ECOD 106:Pfam 82:1wjb 53:Pfam 3943:Vpx 3941:or 3939:Vpu 3934:Vif 3929:Nef 3922:Vpr 3917:Rev 3912:Tat 3871:env 3847:pol 3839:p24 3833:gag 3628:RSV 3470:NS1 3172:NS3 3167:NS2 3068:VPg 2946:RNA 2919:HBx 2784:VP1 2558:E1B 2553:E1A 2383:DNA 2031:PAP 1972:III 1906:/Y 1897:TDT 1878:/X 1870:III 1862:Pfu 1837:/B 1827:Taq 1802:/A 1569:PFP 1539:NAD 1320:PMC 1312:doi 1267:PMC 1259:doi 1213:PMC 1205:doi 1201:126 1164:PMC 1156:doi 1115:PMC 1107:doi 1066:PMC 1056:doi 1015:PMC 1007:doi 961:doi 924:PMC 914:doi 866:PMC 858:doi 806:PMC 796:doi 755:doi 650:HIV 600:HIV 563:SIV 539:an 472:HIV 419:PDB 278:PDB 188:rve 124:PDB 4025:: 3803:RT 3162:P7 3139:E2 3134:E1 3039:, 3035:, 2749:, 2745:, 2741:, 2256:: 2231:: 2216:PO 1977:IV 1967:II 1876:IV 1872:/C 1835:II 1821:T7 1766:PO 1759:: 1719:: 1666:PO 1664:: 1641:: 1613:: 1449:OH 1447:: 1432:PO 1412:EC 1406:: 1336:. 1328:. 1318:. 1308:20 1306:. 1302:. 1275:. 1265:. 1255:20 1253:. 1249:. 1235:^ 1221:. 1211:. 1199:. 1195:. 1172:. 1162:. 1150:. 1146:. 1123:. 1113:. 1101:. 1097:. 1074:. 1064:. 1050:. 1046:. 1023:. 1013:. 1001:. 997:. 981:^ 967:. 957:34 955:. 932:. 922:. 908:. 904:. 888:^ 874:. 864:. 854:41 852:. 848:. 828:^ 814:. 804:. 790:. 786:. 761:. 704:, 629:. 595:. 557:). 549:a 527:. 506:. 494:) 460:IN 430:; 426:; 409:/ 383:/ 379:/ 289:; 285:; 268:/ 242:/ 238:/ 135:; 131:; 114:/ 88:/ 84:/ 3991:: 3897:: 3824:: 3761:: 3750:: 3699:: 3688:: 3651:: 3640:: 3603:: 3592:: 3555:: 3544:: 3507:: 3496:: 3462:: 3428:: 3386:: 3375:: 3355:) 3351:( 3269:: 3224:: 3213:) 3209:( 3154:: 3119:: 3108:) 3104:( 3093:) 3089:( 3060:: 3049:) 3043:, 2986:: 2975:) 2971:( 2960:) 2956:( 2911:: 2880:: 2840:) 2836:( 2817:: 2806:: 2777:: 2766:: 2753:) 2737:( 2726:) 2721:, 2717:( 2690:: 2656:: 2625:: 2599:: 2545:: 2511:: 2462:: 2433:: 2422:: 2402:) 2397:, 2393:( 2376:) 2368:( 2358:e 2351:t 2344:v 2218:4 2214:( 2131:) 2127:( 2009:2 2004:1 1982:V 1920:Îş 1915:Îą 1910:η 1904:V 1892:ÎĽ 1887:λ 1882:β 1856:ζ 1851:ε 1846:δ 1841:α 1816:ν 1811:θ 1806:Îł 1800:I 1772:) 1768:4 1764:( 1735:) 1732:7 1730:O 1728:2 1726:P 1724:( 1668:4 1643:N 1510:2 1490:1 1437:) 1434:4 1430:( 1425:/ 1396:e 1389:t 1382:v 1344:. 1314:: 1283:. 1261:: 1229:. 1207:: 1180:. 1158:: 1152:6 1131:. 1109:: 1103:2 1082:. 1058:: 1052:5 1031:. 1009:: 1003:4 975:. 963:: 940:. 916:: 910:5 882:. 860:: 822:. 798:: 792:2 771:. 757:: 490:( 458:(

Index


Pfam
PF02022
InterPro
IPR003308
SCOP2
1wjb
SCOPe
SUPFAM
Pfam
structures
ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB
PDBe
PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary

Pfam
PF00665
Pfam
CL0219
InterPro
IPR001584
SCOP2
2itg
SCOPe
SUPFAM
Pfam

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