270:, but lost the protest. On 30 July 2021, the GAO rejected the protest and found that "NASA did not violate procurement law" in awarding the contract to SpaceX, who bid a much lower cost and more capable human and cargo lunar landing capability for NASA Artemis. Soon after the appeal was rejected, a contracted payment of $ 300 million was made to SpaceX. The protest action delayed NASA from authorizing work on the contract, and thus delayed the start of work by SpaceX for 95 days.
263:. NASA has indicated that Blue Origin would be free to compete for subsequent missions that are not a part of the initial two demonstration flights. It is unclear what plans exist within Blue Origin for continuing on with the work, considering the Moon landing system architecture had become dependent on the existence of major subsystems being designed and built by other vendors, who also did not receive more NASA funding after early 2021.
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according to the source selection statement" from NASA. The significant redesigns necessary of ILV to build "a more sustainable architecture" for the long term were also called into question. Additionally, NASA found that Blue Origin did not provide a comprehensive plan to operate the vehicle commercially, beyond the NASA contracted work.
254:
over several years. There were technical weaknesses identified in the Blue Origin proposal which was not selected. "Immature propulsion and communications systems, along with concerns about third party suppliers, 'create serious doubt as to the realism of Blue Origin's proposed development schedule,'
179:
The
National Team of Blue Origin/Northrop Grumman/Lockheed-Martin/Draper was just one of three organizations who developed lunar lander designs for the Artemis program over a year-long period in 2020–21 under the NASA HLS funding rubric. The funding for the design process during 2020/21 was that NASA
156:
contract from NASA for a year-long design concept study to be completed in early 2021 in competition with two other designs. NASA had intended to subsequently issue build and test contracts to one or two of the three 2020 awardees in order to advance the human landing element of the
Artemis Program.
242:
The HLS initial design phase was planned to be a ten-month program, ending on 28 February 2021, where NASA planned to evaluate which contractors would be offered contracts for initial demonstration missions and select firms for development and maturation of their lunar lander system designs in
258:
Although NASA had previously stated it wanted multiple dissimilar Human
Landing Systems, "only one design was selected for an initial uncrewed demonstration and the first crewed landing, due to significant budget constraints" based on the HLS funds allocated by
299:. The Integrated Lander Vehicle (ILV)—also known as the "National HLS"—was designed for long-duration in-space use, as well as long stays on the lunar surface. The Blue Origin ILV system was proposed to NASA to dock in lunar orbit either with the
239:) and toward the lunar surface with an initial descent burn. Lockheed-Martin designed the ascent element, that will depart the lunar surface and return the astronauts to the Gateway and Orion capsule in lunar orbit.
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would carry the NASA crew to the lander where they would depart and descend to the lunar surface in the ILV. After lunar surface operations, the ILV ascent element would ascend and return the crew to the Orion.
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231:. Blue Origin led the combined integration effort, and designed the descent element. Northrop Grumman designed the transfer element, for the initial engine firing to place the ILV on a trajectory from the
291:
The ILV lander system design consisted of three elements: a transfer element, a descent element, and an ascent element. ILV was proposed to be used for long-duration crewed lunar landings as part of
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February. However, on 27 January 2021, NASA informed each of the HLS contractors that the original ten-month program would be extended two months to end on or before 30 April 2021.
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was the lead contractor for the multi-element lunar lander that was to include major components from several large US government space contractors including
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835:"Appendix H: Human Landing System, Option A Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships-2 (NextSTEP-2) (page 8)"
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401:
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To be built by
Lockheed-Martin - based on technology used in Orion capsule. Uses 3 XLR-132 engines for main propulsion.
514:"NASA selects SpaceX as its sole provider for a lunar lander - "We looked at what's the best value to the government.""
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If built, the ILV HLS variant was tentatively planned to be launched to lunar orbit by one of several different
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899:"Despite Competitor Protests NASA Pays SpaceX $ 300 Million To Continue Developing A Starship Lunar Lander"
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478:"After NASA taps SpaceX's Starship for first Artemis landings, agency looks to on-ramp future vehicles"
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In the event, the ILV proposal was not selected by NASA in April 2021, and a sole HLS award was won by
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for crewed lunar lander development plus the two lunar demonstration flights, in a contract valued at
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protest prevented SpaceX from starting its contract for 95 days while the GAO adjudicated the case.
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666:"Bezos' Blue Origin takes NASA to federal court over award of lunar lander contract to SpaceX"
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8:
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172:, but lost the protest by late July. In mid-August, Blue Origin filed a lawsuit in the
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To be built by
Northrop Grumman based on Cygnus cargo vehicle. Uses the BE-7 engine.
228:
146:
116:
45:
591:"Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin sues NASA, escalating its fight for a Moon lander contract"
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and a NASA crew to be shuttled to the lunar surface. In the mission concept, a NASA
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On April 16, 2021, NASA rejected
Integrated Lander Vehicle and instead selected
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The lander concept was initiated in 2019, and in April 2020, Blue Origin won a
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To be built by Blue Origin, based on Blue Moon proposal - To use BE-7 engine.
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630:"GAO denies Blue Origin and Dynetics protests of NASA lunar lander contract"
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Blue Origin wins lion's share of NASA funding for human-rated lunar lander
802:"NASA awards lunar lander contracts to Blue Origin, Dynetics—and Starship"
402:"NASA Selects Blue Origin, Dynetics, and SpaceX Human Landers for Artemis"
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Initial design work for the
Integrated Lander Vehicle began in 2019.
761:"NASA Names Companies to Develop Human Landers for Artemis Missions"
442:"NASA Names Companies to Develop Human Landers for Artemis Missions"
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challenging "NASA's unlawful and improper evaluation of proposals."
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challenging "NASA's unlawful and improper evaluation of proposals."
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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in NASA funding, and SpaceX, with its
Starship HLS concept, with
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in design development funding. The other teams selected were
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ILV was designed by "the
National Team", consisting of
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Human
Landing System: Putting Boots Back on the Moon
550:"NASA selects SpaceX to develop crewed lunar lander"
749:, NASA, 27 January 2021, retrieved 31 January 2021.
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273:In mid-August, Blue Origin filed a lawsuit in the
266:Blue Origin protested the award to SpaceX at the
168:Blue Origin protested the award to SpaceX at the
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843:NASA HLS Option A Source Selection Statement
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321:—for the lunar transit to join up with the
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122:design concept proposed in 2020/21 for the
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310:—including, potentially, the Blue Origin
192:and other unspecified companies with the
89:Selected by NASA as the second HLS Lander
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879:from the original on 18 September 2021
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642:from the original on 18 September 2021
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905:from the original on 16 August 2021
678:from the original on 16 August 2021
601:from the original on 16 August 2021
476:Burghardt, Thomas (20 April 2021).
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268:US Government Accountability Office
180:would pay the combined contractors
170:US Government Accountability Office
13:
833:Lueders, Kathryn (16 April 2021).
664:Sheetz, Michael (16 August 2021).
526:from the original on 17 April 2021
490:from the original on 20 April 2021
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14:
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814:from the original on 13 May 2020
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771:from the original on 11 May 2020
740:NextSTEP H: Human Landing System
562:from the original on 21 May 2021
452:from the original on 11 May 2020
414:from the original on 15 May 2020
400:Burghardt, Thomas (1 May 2020).
303:or with the Orion crew vehicle.
938:from the original on 2020-05-01
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853:from the original on 8 May 2021
704:Couluris, John (11 June 2020).
800:Berger, Eric (30 April 2020).
759:Potter, Sean (30 April 2020).
512:Berger, Eric (16 April 2021).
440:Potter, Sean (30 April 2020).
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1:
712:American Astronomical Society
548:Foust, Jeff (16 April 2021).
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194:Dynetics Human Landing System
714:. Event occurs at 5:45–9:20
628:Foust, Jeff (30 July 2021).
7:
992:Northrop Grumman spacecraft
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237:near-rectilinear halo orbit
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997:Proposed crewed spacecraft
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275:US Court of Federal Claims
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20:Integrated Landing Vehicle
113:Integrated Lander Vehicle
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204:in NASA design funding.
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316:United Launch Alliance
285:Further information:
127:Human Landing System
962:American spacecraft
407:NASASpaceFlight.com
64:crewed lunar lander
21:
901:. 14 August 2021.
745:2020-12-08 at the
597:. 16 August 2021.
323:NASA Lunar Gateway
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147:Draper Laboratory
117:human spaceflight
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53:Country of origin
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807:Ars Technica
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120:lunar lander
115:(ILV) was a
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61:Applications
972:Blue Origin
281:Description
217:Blue Origin
135:Blue Origin
34:Blue Origin
956:Categories
942:2020-06-15
381:References
81:Production
909:17 August
883:17 August
682:16 August
635:SpaceNews
605:16 August
595:The Verge
555:SpaceNews
483:SpaceNews
364:Blue Moon
312:New Glenn
161:with the
936:Archived
903:Archived
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812:Archived
769:Archived
743:Archived
676:Archived
646:2 August
640:Archived
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560:Archived
530:21 April
524:Archived
494:21 April
488:Archived
450:Archived
412:Archived
358:See also
261:Congress
186:Dynetics
29:Designer
818:12 June
724:YouTube
718:12 June
456:12 June
418:12 June
314:or the
233:Gateway
208:History
857:5 June
775:15 May
229:Draper
227:, and
188:—with
159:SpaceX
145:, and
86:Status
851:(PDF)
838:(PDF)
94:Built
987:NASA
911:2021
885:2021
859:2021
820:2020
777:2020
765:NASA
720:2020
684:2021
671:CNBC
648:2021
607:2021
568:2021
532:2021
496:2021
458:2020
446:NASA
420:2020
293:NASA
124:NASA
111:The
295:'s
190:SNC
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