54:
1047:. The resultant decline in the efficiency of selection seems to be sufficient to influence a wide range of attributes at the genomic level in a nonadaptive manner. The Nature study shows that the variation in the power of random genetic drift is also capable of influencing phylogenetic diversity at the subcellular and cellular levels. Thus, population size would have to be considered as a potential determinant of the mechanistic pathways underlying long-term phenotypic evolution. In the study it is further shown that a phylogenetically broad inverse relation exists between the power of drift and the structural integrity of protein subunits. Thus, the accumulation of mildly deleterious mutations in populations of small size induces secondary selection for
1015:" do not exhibit such a correlation and appear to connect different functional modules. Party hubs are found predominantly in AP/MS data sets, whereas date hubs are found predominantly in binary interactome network maps. Note that the validity of the date hub/party hub distinction was disputed. Party hubs generally consist of multi-interface proteins whereas date hubs are more frequently single-interaction interface proteins. Consistent with a role for date-hubs in connecting different processes, in yeast the number of binary interactions of a given protein is correlated to the number of phenotypes observed for the corresponding mutant gene in different physiological conditions.
968:
198:", with ~170,000 gene interactions. The genes were grouped based on similar function so as to build a functional map of the cell's processes. Using this method the study was able to predict known gene functions better than any other genome-scale data set as well as adding functional information for genes that hadn't been previously described. From this model genetic interactions can be observed at multiple scales which will assist in the study of concepts such as gene conservation. Some of the observations made from this study are that there were twice as many
3967:
3526:
3218:
1727:
1306:
948:
131:
1066:
100:(PPI) network (PIN) or subsets thereof. For instance, the Sirt-1 protein interactome and Sirt family second order interactome is the network involving Sirt-1 and its directly interacting proteins where as second order interactome illustrates interactions up to second order of neighbors (Neighbors of neighbors). Another extensively studied type of interactome is the proteinâDNA interactome, also called a
288:
1123:
fact, two groups using the same techniques on the same organism found less than 30% interactions in common. However, some authors have argued that such non-reproducibility results from the extraordinary sensitivity of various methods to small experimental variation. For instance, identical conditions in Y2H assays result in very different interactions when different Y2H vectors are used.
253:
interactions between proteins that are never expressed in the same time and place; affinity capture mass spectrometry does not have this drawback, and is the current gold standard. Yeast two-hybrid data better indicates non-specific tendencies towards sticky interactions rather while affinity capture mass spectrometry better indicates functional in vivo proteinâprotein interactions.
303:"). However, this approach has certain limitations, primarily because the source data may not be reliable (e.g. contain false positives and false negatives). In addition, proteins and their interactions change during evolution and thus may have been lost or gained. Nevertheless, numerous interactomes have been predicted, e.g. that of
236:, which takes an overhead view of a biosystem or organism. Large sets of genome-wide and proteomic data are collected, and correlations between different molecules are inferred. From the data new hypotheses are formulated about feedbacks between these molecules. These hypotheses can then be tested by new experiments.
1126:
Techniques may be biased, i.e. the technique determines which interactions are found. In fact, any method has built in biases, especially protein methods. Because every protein is different no method can capture the properties of each protein. For instance, most analytical methods that work fine with
278:
screens detect only 25% or so of all interactions in an interactome. The coverage of an interactome can be assessed by comparing it to benchmarks of well-known interactions that have been found and validated by independent assays. Other methods filter out false positives calculating the similarity of
4216:
Cherkasov, A; Hsing, M; Zoraghi, R; Foster, L. J.; See, R. H.; Stoynov, N; Jiang, J; Kaur, S; Lian, T; Jackson, L; Gong, H; Swayze, R; Amandoron, E; Hormozdiari, F; Dao, P; Sahinalp, C; Santos-Filho, O; Axerio-Cilies, P; Byler, K; McMaster, W. R.; Brunham, R. C.; Finlay, B. B.; Reiner, N. E. (2011).
1122:
Kiemer and
Cesareni raise the following concerns with the state (circa 2007) of the field especially with the comparative interactomic: The experimental procedures associated with the field are error prone leading to "noisy results". This leads to 30% of all reported interactions being artifacts. In
2409:
Kotlyar M, Pastrello C, Pivetta F, Lo Sardo A, Cumbaa C, Li H, Naranian T, Niu Y, Ding Z, Vafaee F, Broackes-Carter F, Petschnigg J, Mills GB, Jurisicova A, Stagljar I, Maestro R, Jurisica I (2015). "In silico prediction of physical protein interactions and characterization of interactome orphans".
1141:
It is difficult to match evolutionarily related proteins in distantly related species. While homologous DNA sequences can be found relatively easily, it is much more difficult to predict homologous interactions ("interologs") because the homologs of two interacting proteins do not need to interact.
261:
Once an interactome has been created, there are numerous ways to analyze its properties. However, there are two important goals of such analyses. First, scientists try to elucidate the systems properties of interactomes, e.g. the topology of its interactions. Second, studies may focus on individual
334:
Some efforts have been made to extract systematically interaction networks directly from the scientific literature. Such approaches range in terms of complexity from simple co-occurrence statistics of entities that are mentioned together in the same context (e.g. sentence) to sophisticated natural
5076:
Yu, H; Braun, P; Yildirim, M. A.; Lemmens, I; Venkatesan, K; Sahalie, J; Hirozane-Kishikawa, T; Gebreab, F; Li, N; Simonis, N; Hao, T; Rual, J. F.; Dricot, A; Vazquez, A; Murray, R. R.; Simon, C; Tardivo, L; Tam, S; Svrzikapa, N; Fan, C; De Smet, A. S.; Motyl, A; Hudson, M. E.; Park, J; Xin, X;
1145:
Each proteinâprotein interactome may represent only a partial sample of potential interactions, even when a supposedly definitive version is published in a scientific journal. Additional factors may have roles in protein interactions that have yet to be incorporated in interactomes. The binding
89:
Molecular interactions can occur between molecules belonging to different biochemical families (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, etc.) and also within a given family. Whenever such molecules are connected by physical interactions, they form molecular interaction networks that are
4079:
Wang, Y.; Cui, T.; Zhang, C.; Yang, M.; Huang, Y.; Li, W.; Zhang, L.; Gao, C.; He, Y.; Li, Y.; Huang, F.; Zeng, J.; Huang, C.; Yang, Q.; Tian, Y.; Zhao, C.; Chen, H.; Zhang, H.; He, Z. G. (2010). "Global
ProteinâProtein Interaction Network in the Human PathogenMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv".
564:
Relatively few bacteria have been comprehensively studied for their proteinâprotein interactions. However, none of these interactomes are complete in the sense that they captured all interactions. In fact, it has been estimated that none of them covers more than 20% or 30% of all interactions,
312:
Some algorithms use experimental evidence on structural complexes, the atomic details of binding interfaces and produce detailed atomic models of proteinâprotein complexes as well as other proteinâmolecule interactions. Other algorithms use only sequence information, thereby creating unbiased
449:
Viral protein interactomes consist of interactions among viral or phage proteins. They were among the first interactome projects as their genomes are small and all proteins can be analyzed with limited resources. Viral interactomes are connected to their host interactomes, forming virus-host
4115:
Kuhner, S.; Van Noort, V.; Betts, M. J.; Leo-Macias, A.; Batisse, C.; Rode, M.; Yamada, T.; Maier, T.; Bader, S.; Beltran-Alvarez, P.; CastaĂąo-Diez, D.; Chen, W. -H.; Devos, D.; GĂźell, M.; Norambuena, T.; Racke, I.; Rybin, V.; Schmidt, A.; Yus, E.; Aebersold, R.; Herrmann, R.; BĂśttcher, B.;
252:
system (Y2H) is suited to explore the binary interactions among two proteins at a time. Affinity purification and subsequent mass spectrometry is suited to identify a protein complex. Both methods can be used in a high-throughput (HTP) fashion. Yeast two hybrid screens allow false positive
316:
Some methods use machine learning to distinguish how interacting protein pairs differ from non-interacting protein pairs in terms of pairwise features such as cellular colocalization, gene co-expression, how closely located on a DNA are the genes that encode the two proteins, and so on.
142:
size with the biological complexity of the organism. Although proteinâprotein interaction maps containing several thousand binary interactions are now available for several species, none of them is presently complete and the size of interactomes is still a matter of debate.
1134:
This is not really a criticism as any scientific area is "incomplete" initially until the methodologies have been improved. Interactomics in 2015 is where genome sequencing was in the late 1990s, given that only a few interactome datasets are available (see table above).
1051:
that stabilize key gene functions, mitigating the structural degradation promoted by inefficient selection. By this means, the complex protein architectures and interactions essential to the genesis of phenotypic diversity may initially emerge by non-adaptive mechanisms.
352:. Although such predictions may be based on single interactions, usually several interactions are found. Thus, the whole network of interactions can be used to predict protein functions, given that certain functions are usually enriched among the interactors. The term
244:
The study of interactomes is called interactomics. The basic unit of a protein network is the proteinâprotein interaction (PPI). While there are numerous methods to study PPIs, there are relatively few that have been used on a large scale to map whole interactomes.
121:
In fact, all interactome types are interconnected. For instance, protein interactomes contain many enzymes which in turn form biochemical networks. Similarly, gene regulatory networks overlap substantially with protein interaction networks and signaling networks.
857:
Recently, the pathogen-host interactomes of
Hepatitis C Virus/Human (2008), Epstein Barr virus/Human (2008), Influenza virus/Human (2009) were delineated through HTP to identify essential molecular components for pathogens and for their host's immune system.
866:
As described above, PPIs and thus whole interactomes can be predicted. While the reliability of these predictions is debatable, they are providing hypotheses that can be tested experimentally. Interactomes have been predicted for a number of species, e.g.
3706:
Rain, J. C.; Selig, L.; De Reuse, H.; Battaglia, V. R.; Reverdy, C. L.; Simon, S. P.; Lenzen, G.; Petel, F.; Wojcik, J. R. M.; Schächter, V.; Chemama, Y.; Labigne, A. S.; Legrain, P. (2001). "The proteinâprotein interaction map of
Helicobacter pylori".
1482:
Uetz P. & Grigoriev A. (2005) The yeast interactome. In Jorde, L.B., Little, P.F.R., Dunn, M.J. and
Subramaniam, S. (Eds), Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd: Chichester, Volume 5, pp.
1146:
strength of the various protein interactors, microenvironmental factors, sensitivity to various procedures, and the physiological state of the cell all impact proteinâprotein interactions, yet are usually not accounted for in interactome studies.
5021:
Han, J. D.; Bertin, N; Hao, T; Goldberg, D. S.; Berriz, G. F.; Zhang, L. V.; Dupuy, D; Walhout, A. J.; Cusick, M. E.; Roth, F. P.; Vidal, M (2004). "Evidence for dynamically organized modularity in the yeast proteinâprotein interaction network".
998:
since, the above equation is equal to log(P(k)) ~ âyâ˘log(k). One characteristic of such distributions is that there are many proteins with few interactions and few proteins that have many interactions, the latter being called "hubs".
343:
Protein interaction networks have been used to predict the function of proteins of unknown functions. This is usually based on the assumption that uncharacterized proteins have similar functions as their interacting proteins
321:
has been found to be most-effective machine learning method for protein interaction prediction. Such methods have been applied for discovering protein interactions on human interactome, specifically the interactome of
157:, has been estimated to contain between 10,000 and 30,000 interactions. A reasonable estimate may be on the order of 20,000 interactions. Larger estimates often include indirect or predicted interactions, often from
3980:
Rajagopala, S. V.; Sikorski, P; Kumar, A; Mosca, R; Vlasblom, J; Arnold, R; Franca-Koh, J; Pakala, S. B.; Phanse, S; Ceol, A; Häuser, R; Siszler, G; Wuchty, S; Emili, A; Babu, M; Aloy, P; Pieper, R; Uetz, P (2014).
436:, or structural, as in a protein complex. In fact, it is a formidable task to identify protein complexes in an interactome, given that a network on its own does not directly reveal the presence of a stable complex.
798:
interactomes have been analyzed using large-scale protein complex affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP/MS), hence it is not easily possible to infer direct interactions. The others have used extensive
4256:
Uetz, P.; Giot, L.; Cagney, G.; Mansfield, T. A.; Judson, R. S.; Knight, J. R.; Lockshon, D.; Narayan, V. (2000). "A comprehensive analysis of proteinâprotein interactions in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae".
565:
primarily because most of these studies have only employed a single method, all of which discover only a subset of interactions. Among the published bacterial interactomes (including partial ones) are
274:
First, the coverage and quality of an interactome has to be evaluated. Interactomes are never complete, given the limitations of experimental methods. For instance, it has been estimated that typical
183:
may be harmless, but when it is combined with another mutation, the combination may turn out to be lethal. Such genes are said to "interact genetically". Genes that are connected in such a way form
229:. Interactomics thus aims to compare such networks of interactions (i.e., interactomes) between and within species in order to find how the traits of such networks are either preserved or varied.
1138:
While genomes are stable, interactomes may vary between tissues, cell types, and developmental stages. Again, this is not a criticism, but rather a description of the challenges in the field.
194:
In 2010, the most "complete" gene interactome produced to date was compiled from about 5.4 million two-gene comparisons to describe "the interaction profiles for ~75% of all genes in the
496:
The lambda and VZV interactomes are not only relevant for the biology of these viruses but also for technical reasons: they were the first interactomes that were mapped with multiple
53:
5374:
Park J, Lappe M, Teichmann SA (Mar 2001). "Mapping protein family interactions: intramolecular and intermolecular protein family interaction repertoires in the PDB and yeast".
348:). For example, YbeB, a protein of unknown function was found to interact with ribosomal proteins and later shown to be involved in bacterial and eukaryotic (but not archaeal)
4510:
Navratil V; de
Chassey B; et al. (2010-11-05). "Systems-level comparison of proteinâprotein interactions between viruses and the human type I interferon system network".
1011:" for hubs whose expression is correlated with its interaction partners. Party hubs also connect proteins within functional modules such as protein complexes. In contrast, "
826:
have been screened and their interactions characterized, making it the best-characterized interactome. Species whose interactomes have been studied in some detail include
822:
There have been several efforts to map eukaryotic interactomes through HTP methods. While no biological interactomes have been fully characterized, over 90% of proteins in
3431:
Kumar, K.; Rana, J.; Sreejith, R.; Gabrani, R.; Sharma, S. K.; Gupta, A.; Chaudhary, V. K.; Gupta, S. (2012). "Intraviral protein interactions of
Chandipura virus".
65:
The word "interactome" was originally coined in 1999 by a group of French scientists headed by
Bernard Jacq. Mathematically, interactomes are generally displayed as
2685:
Hoffmann, R; Krallinger, M; Andres, E; Tamames, J; Blaschke, C; Valencia, A (2005). "Text mining for metabolic pathways, signaling cascades, and protein networks".
202:, negative interactions were more informative than positive interactions, and genes with more connections were more likely to result in lethality when disrupted.
1043:
and multicellular eukaryotes are accompanied by orders-of-magnitude reductions in effective population size, with concurrent amplifications of the effects of
3041:
994:) degree distribution where the connectivity distribution P(k) ~ k with k being the degree. This relationship can also be seen as a straight line on a
5236:
Kim, P. M.; Lu, L. J.; Xia, Y; Gerstein, M. B. (2006). "Relating three-dimensional structures to protein networks provides evolutionary insights".
1968:
299:
is one way to predict interactomes. Here, PPIs from one organism are used to predict interactions among homologous proteins in another organism ("
1914:
3758:
Häuser, R; Ceol, A; Rajagopala, S. V.; Mosca, R; Siszler, G; Wermke, N; Sikorski, P; Schwarz, F; Schick, M; Wuchty, S; Aloy, P; Uetz, P (2014).
2587:
Qi Y, Dhiman HK, Bhola N, Budyak I, Kar S, Man D, Dutta A, Tirupula K, Carr BI, Grandis J, Bar-Joseph Z, Klein-Seetharaman J (December 2009).
2866:
Desler C, Zambach S, Suravajhala P, Rasmussen LJ (2014). "Introducing the hypothome: a way to integrate predicted proteins in interactomes".
2299:
Shoemaker, B. A.; Zhang, D; Tyagi, M; Thangudu, R. R.; Fong, J. H.; Marchler-Bauer, A; Bryant, S. H.; Madej, T; Panchenko, A. R. (Jan 2012).
1906:
1902:
986:
The degree distribution describes the number of proteins that have a certain number of connections. Most protein interaction networks show a
424:, and many others. The distribution of properties among the proteins of an interactome has revealed that the interactome networks often have
1910:
960:
Protein interaction networks can be analyzed with the same tool as other networks. In fact, they share many properties with biological or
2301:"IBIS (Inferred Biomolecular Interaction Server) reports, predicts and integrates multiple types of conserved interactions for proteins"
545:
279:
known annotations of the proteins involved or define a likelihood of interaction using the subcellular localization of these proteins.
4116:
Frangakis, A. S.; Russell, R. B.; Serrano, L.; Bork, P.; Gavin, A. -C. (2009). "Proteome
Organization in a Genome-Reduced Bacterium".
1684:"Protein stickiness, rather than number of functional proteinâprotein interactions, predicts expression noise and plasticity in yeast"
114:
can be considered as molecular interaction networks: metabolites, i.e. chemical compounds in a cell, are converted into each other by
61:
interactome with genes represented by text in boxes and interactions noted by lines between the genes. From Hennah and Porteous, 2009.
4792:
Yang, Jianhua; Osman, Kim; Iqbal, Mudassar; Stekel, Dov J.; Luo, Zewei; Armstrong, Susan J.; Franklin, F. Chris H. (2012-01-01).
3089:
Gao, L.; Sun, P. G.; Song, J. (2009). "Clustering algorithms for detecting functional modules in protein interaction networks".
4851:
Zhu, Guanghui; Wu, Aibo; Xu, Xin-Jian; Xiao, Pei-Pei; Lu, Le; Liu, Jingdong; Cao, Yongwei; Chen, Luonan; Wu, Jun (2016-02-01).
4727:
Yue, Junyang; Xu, Wei; Ban, Rongjun; Huang, Shengxiong; Miao, Min; Tang, Xiaofeng; Liu, Guoqing; Liu, Yongsheng (2016-01-01).
4910:"Predicting whole genome protein interaction networks from primary sequence data in model and non-model organisms using ENTS"
1235:
Wang L, Eftekhari P, Schachner D, Ignatova ID, Palme V, Schilcher N, Ladurner A, Heiss EH, Stangl H, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG.
2638:"Evaluation of different biological data and computational classification methods for use in protein interaction prediction"
187:. Some of the goals of these networks are: develop a functional map of a cell's processes, drug target identification using
1237:
Novel interactomics approach identifies ABCA1 as direct target of evodiamine, which increases macrophage cholesterol efflux
2252:"BIOVERSE: Enhancements to the framework for structural, functional, and contextual annotations of proteins and proteomes"
1987:
Ganapathiraju MK, Thahir M, Handen A, Sarkar SN, Sweet RA, Nimgaonkar VL, Loscher CE, Bauer EM, Chaparala S (April 2016).
5414:
1419:
Sharma, Ankush; Costantini S; Colonna G (March 2013). "The proteinâprotein interaction network of human Sirtuin family".
17:
3863:
Rajagopala, S. V.; Titz, B. R.; Goll, J.; Häuser, R.; McKevitt, M. T.; Palzkill, T.; Uetz, P. (2008). Hall, Neil (ed.).
1321:"Grasping at molecular interactions and genetic networks in Drosophila melanogaster using FlyNets, an Internet database"
5491:
1109:
500:
vectors, proving an improved strategy to investigate interactomes more completely than previous attempts have shown.
199:
42:. The term specifically refers to physical interactions among molecules (such as those among proteins, also known as
3231:
Bartel PL, Roecklein JA, SenGupta D, Fields S (1996). "A protein linkage map of Escherichia coli bacteriophage T7".
1901:
1091:
3126:"VirHostNet: a knowledge base for the management and the analysis of proteome-wide virus-host interaction networks"
1048:
46:, PPIs; or between small molecules and proteins) but can also describe sets of indirect interactions among genes (
4639:"Prediction and characterization of proteinâprotein interaction network in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99 A"
3649:
Osterman A, Stellberger T, Gebhardt A, Kurz M, Friedel CC, Uetz P, Nitschko H, Baiker A, Vizoso-Pinto MG (2015).
1192:
96:
43:
3382:"Improving the yeast two-hybrid system with permutated fusions proteins: the Varicella Zoster Virus interactome"
814:
Note that numerous additional interactomes have been predicted using computational methods (see section above).
1076:
3037:
4032:"A Large Scale Analysis of ProteinâProtein Interactions in the Nitrogen-fixing Bacterium Mesorhizobium loti"
221:
that deals with studying both the interactions and the consequences of those interactions between and among
66:
4794:"Inferring the Brassica rapa Interactome Using ProteinâProtein Interaction Data from Arabidopsis thaliana"
5185:
Bertin, N; Simonis, N; Dupuy, D; Cusick, M. E.; Han, J. D.; Fraser, H. B.; Roth, F. P.; Vidal, M (2007).
5134:
Batada, N. N.; Reguly, T; Breitkreutz, A; Boucher, L; Breitkreutz, B. J.; Hurst, L. D.; Tyers, M (2006).
1255:"The DISC1 pathway modulates expression of neurodevelopmental, synaptogenic and sensory perception genes"
1207:
808:
174:
2097:"Prediction and characterization of proteinâprotein interaction network in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02"
967:
5601:
5591:
2901:
Barab, A. -L.; Oltvai, Z. (2004). "Network biology: understanding the cell's functional organization".
1127:
soluble proteins deal poorly with membrane proteins. This is also true for Y2H and AP/MS technologies.
709:
5566:
4414:"A Proteome-wide Fission Yeast Interactome Reveals Network Evolution Principles from Yeasts to Human"
831:
3966:
3525:
3217:
2733:
Schwikowski, B.; Uetz, P.; Fields, S. (2000). "A network of proteinâprotein interactions in yeast".
1726:
1305:
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488:
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153:
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Hopf TA, Schaerfe CP, Rodrigues JP, Green AG, Kohlbacher O, Sander C, Bonvin AM, Marks DS (2014).
5586:
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Pitre S, Hooshyar M, Schoenrock A, Samanfar B, Jessulat M, Green JR, Dehne F, Golshani A (2012).
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Pitre S, Hooshyar M, Schoenrock A, Samanfar B, Jessulat M, Green JR, Dehne F, Golshani A (2012).
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384:(e.g. removal) of nodes (proteins) or edges (interactions). Such perturbations can be caused by
838:
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510:
421:
417:
305:
3924:"Global functional atlas of Escherichia coli encompassing previously uncharacterized proteins"
4363:
Pancaldi V, Saraç OS, Rallis C, McLean JR, PĹevorovskĂ˝ M, Gould K, Beyer A, Bähler J (2012).
1962:
1927:"Create and assess protein networks through molecular characteristics of individual proteins"
1855:"Benchmarking yeast two-hybrid systems using the interactions of bacterial motility proteins"
1742:"Neuron-specific protein interactions of Drosophila CASK-Ă are revealed by mass spectrometry"
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For instance, even within a proteome two proteins may interact but their paralogs may not.
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within a network indicate specialized subnetworks. Such modules can be functional, as in a
357:
249:
47:
3592:"Hepatitis C Virus Protein Interaction Network Analysis Based on Hepatocellular Carcinoma"
356:
has been used to denote an interactome wherein at least one of the genes or proteins is a
335:
language processing and machine learning methods for detecting interaction relationships.
8:
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Kiemer, L; G Cesareni (2007). "Comparative interactomics: comparing apples and pears?".
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It has been suggested that the size of an organism's interactome correlates better than
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reports, predicts and integrates multiple types of conserved interactions for proteins.
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3044:(February 2004). "Network biology: understanding the cell's functional organization".
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Rajagopala, S. V.; Sikorski, P.; Caufield, J. H.; Tovchigrechko, A.; Uetz, P. (2012).
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3413:
3362:
3309:
3248:
3206:
3155:
3106:
3063:
3019:
2967:
2918:
2883:
2848:
2799:
2750:
2702:
2667:
2618:
2566:
2517:
2468:
2427:
2391:
2330:
2281:
2232:
2183:
2134:
2077:
2018:
1950:
1884:
1827:
1773:
1715:
1664:
1629:
1591:
1534:
1454:
1401:
1350:
1294:
1212:
1202:
1187:
1083:
533:
527:
433:
323:
162:
110:
31:
4563:
4546:
4308:
Krogan, NJ; et al. (2006). "Global landscape of protein complexes in the yeast
4153:
3460:
3260:
3075:
2930:
2794:
2777:
2714:
2529:"Short co-occurring polypeptide regions can predict global protein interaction maps"
2480:"Short Co-occurring Polypeptide Regions Can Predict Global Protein Interaction Maps"
2463:
2447:"Evolutionary profiles improve proteinâprotein interaction prediction from sequence"
2446:
1945:
1926:
1839:
1466:
1007:
Highly connected nodes (proteins) are called hubs. Han et al. have coined the term "
179:
Genes interact in the sense that they affect each other's function. For instance, a
5551:
5531:
5440:
5432:
5383:
5345:
5308:
5300:
5273:
5253:
5208:
5198:
5157:
5147:
5106:
5098:
5059:
5039:
4993:
4983:
4939:
4921:
4880:
4864:
4823:
4805:
4764:
4748:
4699:
4691:
4650:
4609:
4599:
4558:
4519:
4482:
4474:
4433:
4425:
4384:
4376:
4329:
4294:
4274:
4230:
4188:
4180:
4133:
4089:
4051:
4043:
4002:
3994:
3945:
3935:
3894:
3884:
3832:
3822:
3781:
3771:
3744:
3724:
3678:
3670:
3621:
3611:
3562:
3552:
3504:
3494:
3440:
3403:
3393:
3352:
3344:
3299:
3291:
3240:
3196:
3186:
3145:
3137:
3098:
3055:
3009:
3001:
2957:
2910:
2875:
2838:
2830:
2789:
2762:
2742:
2694:
2657:
2649:
2608:
2600:
2556:
2548:
2507:
2499:
2458:
2439:
2419:
2381:
2371:
2320:
2312:
2271:
2263:
2222:
2214:
2173:
2165:
2124:
2116:
2067:
2057:
2008:
2000:
1940:
1874:
1866:
1817:
1809:
1763:
1753:
1705:
1695:
1656:
1621:
1581:
1573:
1524:
1514:
1446:
1391:
1381:
1340:
1332:
1284:
1274:
1217:
800:
669:
649:
516:
470:
460:
369:
275:
262:
proteins and their role in the network. Such analyses are mainly carried out using
2201:
Tyagi, M; Hashimoto, K; Shoemaker, B. A.; Wuchty, S; Panchenko, A. R. (Mar 2012).
1625:
130:
5570:
5495:
5481:
5203:
5152:
4655:
4638:
4349:
4169:"A Large-scale Protein protein Interaction Analysis in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803"
3940:
3889:
3616:
3499:
2062:
1450:
1279:
961:
552:
233:
188:
134:
Estimates of the yeast protein interactome. From Uetz P. & Grigoriev A, 2005.
4167:
Sato, S.; Shimoda, Y.; Muraki, A.; Kohara, M.; Nakamura, Y.; Tabata, S. (2007).
4030:
Shimoda, Y.; Shinpo, S.; Kohara, M.; Nakamura, Y.; Tabata, S.; Sato, S. (2008).
3865:"The Binary Protein Interactome of Treponema pallidum â the Syphilis Spirochete"
3760:"A Second-generation ProteinâProtein Interaction Network of Helicobacter pylori"
2834:
2038:"ProteinâProtein Interactions More Conserved within Species than across Species"
5349:
4429:
1236:
1155:
263:
226:
214:
151:
The yeast interactome, i.e. all proteinâprotein interactions among proteins of
74:
39:
5136:"Stratus not altocumulus: A new view of the yeast protein interaction network"
5079:"High-quality binary protein interaction map of the yeast interactome network"
3444:
3102:
2879:
1660:
1031:
The evolution of interactome complexity is delineated in a study published in
947:
5580:
5461:
5421:"Protinfo PPC: A web server for atomic level prediction of protein complexes"
4935:
4926:
4876:
4819:
4760:
4604:
3827:
3191:
3036:
2698:
2342:"Sequence co-evolution gives 3D contacts and structures of protein complexes"
2203:"Large-scale mapping of human protein interactome using structural complexes"
2154:"Protinfo PPC: A web server for atomic level prediction of protein complexes"
1922:
1758:
1386:
914:
748:
318:
195:
90:
generally classified by the nature of the compounds involved. Most commonly,
5257:
5102:
4810:
4678:
Geisler-Lee J, O'Toole N, Ammar R, Provart NJ, Millar AH, Geisler M (2007).
4184:
4137:
4047:
3776:
3557:
2004:
1700:
1577:
1519:
388:
of genes, and thus their proteins, and a network reaction can manifest as a
5543:
5454:
5395:
5387:
5357:
5322:
5265:
5222:
5171:
5120:
5051:
5007:
4953:
4894:
4837:
4778:
4713:
4664:
4623:
4572:
4531:
4496:
4447:
4398:
4341:
4286:
4242:
4202:
4145:
4101:
4065:
4016:
3959:
3908:
3846:
3795:
3736:
3692:
3635:
3576:
3518:
3452:
3417:
3366:
3313:
3210:
3159:
3110:
3067:
3023:
2971:
2922:
2887:
2852:
2803:
2754:
2706:
2671:
2622:
2604:
2570:
2521:
2472:
2431:
2395:
2334:
2285:
2236:
2218:
2187:
2138:
2081:
2022:
1954:
1888:
1870:
1831:
1777:
1719:
1668:
1633:
1595:
1538:
1458:
1405:
1368:
Sharma, Ankush; Gautam VK; Costantini S; Paladino A; Colonna G (Feb 2012).
1298:
995:
882:
873:
464:
409:
5488:
4695:
4380:
3398:
3252:
2962:
2945:
1813:
1354:
1336:
1023:
Nodes involved in the same biochemical process are highly interconnected.
5520:"mentha: a resource for browsing integrated protein-interaction networks"
5436:
3141:
2316:
2267:
2169:
1918:
1036:
393:
5304:
5043:
4868:
4478:
4333:
3348:
3295:
2376:
1647:
Bruggeman, F J; H V Westerhoff (2006). "The nature of systems biology".
380:
of an interactome makes certain predictions how a network reacts to the
5535:
5418:
4988:
2816:
2653:
2423:
2151:
1989:"Schizophrenia interactome with 504 novel proteinâprotein interactions"
1177:
1163:
1040:
940:
4752:
4523:
4234:
4093:
3983:"The binary proteinâprotein interaction landscape of Escherichia coli"
3674:
3244:
2552:
2503:
2120:
4278:
3998:
3728:
1367:
991:
397:
385:
105:
4908:
Rodgers-Melnick, Eli; Culp, Mark; DiFazio, Stephen P. (2013-01-01).
3123:
3059:
3005:
2914:
1094:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
287:
5519:
3483:"Evolutionarily conserved herpesviral protein interaction networks"
2778:"Functional annotation from predicted protein interaction networks"
1167:
1130:
Interactomes are not nearly complete with perhaps the exception of
474:
376:
180:
78:
5077:
Cusick, M. E.; Moore, T; Boone, C; Snyder, M; Roth, F. P. (2008).
4677:
4217:"Mapping the protein interaction network in methicillin-resistant
3811:"A proteome-wide protein interaction map for Campylobacter jejuni"
3541:"The intra viral protein interaction network of hepatitis C virus"
2746:
2358:
2250:
McDermott J, Guerquin M, Frazier Z, Chang AN, Samudrala R (2005).
1796:
Chen, Y. C.; Rajagopala, S. V.; Stellberger, T.; Uetz, P. (2010).
1739:
1433:
4461:
de Chassey B; Navratil V; Tafforeau L; et al. (2008-11-04).
4460:
2868:
International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications
2865:
1172:
389:
222:
218:
115:
1552:
Costanzo M; Baryshnikova A; Bellay J; et al. (2010-01-22).
1551:
450:
interaction networks. Some published virus interactomes include
5187:"Confirmation of organized modularity in the yeast interactome"
4972:"Master Regulator Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2/Human Interactome"
3648:
2684:
2589:"Systematic prediction of human membrane receptor interactions"
2526:
2477:
2408:
2152:
Kittichotirat W, Guerquin M, Bumgarner RE, Samudrala R (2009).
1986:
139:
5558:
5419:
Kittichotirat W, Guerquin M, Bumgarner R, Samudrala R (2009).
5417:
predicts the atomic 3D structure of protein protein complexes.
5133:
4114:
1035:. In this study it is first noted that the boundaries between
256:
5507:
3230:
2990:"Network medicine: A network-based approach to human disease"
2635:
2249:
2200:
1795:
1421:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics
1319:
Sanchez C; Lachaize C; Janody F; et al. (January 1999).
1159:
923:
58:
5513:
5336:
Welch, G. Rickey (January 2009). "The 'fuzzy' interactome".
4969:
3979:
951:
Representation of the predicted SARS-CoV-2/Human interactome
4215:
4029:
2819:"Studying protein complexes by the yeast two-hybrid system"
2775:
2298:
1492:
1418:
1370:"Interactomic and pharmacological insights on human Sirt-1"
1318:
239:
38:
is the whole set of molecular interactions in a particular
27:
Complete set of molecular interactions in a biological cell
4907:
4365:"Predicting the fission yeast protein interaction network"
3705:
3273:
2946:"Exploring the human diseasome: The human disease network"
2339:
326:
and the interactome of Schizophrenia-associated proteins.
73:, they should not be confused with other networks such as
5563:
4362:
3757:
3538:
3326:
3172:
1740:
Mukherjee, K; Slawson; Christmann; Griffith (June 2014).
1493:
Stumpf MP; Thorne T; de Silva E; et al. (May 2008).
497:
5184:
4853:"PPIM: A ProteinâProtein Interaction Database for Maize"
3862:
3430:
2987:
1798:"Exhaustive benchmarking of the yeast two-hybrid system"
1733:
1055:
408:
Interaction networks can be analyzed using the tools of
191:, and to predict the function of uncharacterized genes.
4255:
4166:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
1646:
5075:
4509:
3276:"Genome annotation and intraviral interactome for the
266:
methods and include the following, among many others:
5484:
Web-based data visualization for protein interactions
5474:
4970:
Guzzi PH, Mercatelli D, Ceraolo C, Giorgi FM (2020).
3175:"The protein interaction map of bacteriophage lambda"
2732:
313:
complete networks of interaction with many mistakes.
5020:
4791:
4637:
Guo J, Li H, Chang JW, Lei Y, Li S, Chen LL (2013).
3539:
Hagen, N; Bayer, K; Roesch, K; Schindler, M (2014).
3467:
2636:
Qi Y, Bar-Joseph Z, Klein-Seetharaman J (May 2006).
1852:
1681:
3922:Hu, P; et al. (2009). Levchenko, Andre (ed.).
3091:
Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
2586:
1853:Rajagopala, S. V.; Hughes, K. T.; Uetz, P. (2009).
964:. Some of the main characteristics are as follows.
5468:
5373:
5280:
2988:BarabĂĄsi, A. L.; Gulbahce, N; Loscalzo, J (2011).
2728:
2726:
2724:
118:, which have to bind their substrates physically.
108:regulatory proteins, and their target genes. Even
403:
84:
5578:
5289:"Non-adaptive origins of interactome complexity"
5286:
5235:
4078:
1611:
4965:
4963:
3481:Fossum, E; et al. (2009). Sun, Ren (ed.).
2776:McDermott J, Bumgarner RE, Samudrala R (2005).
2721:
2582:
2580:
168:
3973:
3651:"The Hepatitis E virus intraviral interactome"
2769:
1495:"Estimating the size of the human interactome"
1252:
338:
4729:"PTIR: Predicted Tomato Interactome Resource"
4726:
4636:
4585:
4547:"Online predicted human interaction database"
4544:
4463:"Hepatitis C virus infection protein network"
295:Using experimental data as a starting point,
104:, a network formed by transcription factors,
4960:
4671:
4630:
4588:"PRIN: a predicted rice interactome network"
4586:Gu H, Zhu P, Jiao Y, Meng Y, Chen M (2011).
4579:
4538:
4356:
3642:
3589:
2577:
1967:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
363:
4850:
3858:
3856:
3379:
3224:
2983:
2981:
2900:
1682:Brettner, Leandra M.; Joanna Masel (2012).
1486:
1253:Hennah W, Porteous D (2009). Reif A (ed.).
1246:
257:Computational methods to study interactomes
5559:IntAct: The Molecular Interaction Database
5408:
5178:
5127:
3751:
3424:
3088:
2937:
2894:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1478:
1476:
1312:
817:
232:Interactomics is an example of "top-down"
69:. though interactomes may be described as
5517:
5444:
5312:
5212:
5202:
5161:
5151:
5110:
5071:
5069:
4997:
4987:
4943:
4925:
4884:
4827:
4809:
4768:
4703:
4680:"A predicted interactome for Arabidopsis"
4654:
4613:
4603:
4562:
4486:
4437:
4388:
4209:
4192:
4055:
4006:
3949:
3939:
3898:
3888:
3836:
3826:
3785:
3775:
3682:
3625:
3615:
3566:
3556:
3532:
3508:
3498:
3407:
3397:
3356:
3303:
3200:
3190:
3149:
3013:
2961:
2842:
2793:
2661:
2612:
2560:
2511:
2462:
2385:
2375:
2357:
2324:
2275:
2226:
2177:
2128:
2071:
2061:
2012:
1944:
1878:
1821:
1767:
1757:
1709:
1699:
1640:
1585:
1528:
1518:
1432:
1395:
1385:
1344:
1288:
1278:
1110:Learn how and when to remove this message
861:
559:
5501:
4249:
3853:
2978:
2444:
2035:
1846:
1607:
1605:
966:
946:
286:
240:Experimental methods to map interactomes
129:
52:
5229:
5014:
3808:
3590:Han, Y; Niu, J; Wang, D; Li, Y (2016).
3082:
2943:
1975:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1473:
546:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
439:
213:is a discipline at the intersection of
14:
5579:
5489:Protein Interaction Network Visualizer
5066:
4307:
3480:
981:
807:interactome has been analyzed using a
329:
5335:
4023:
3380:Stellberger, T.; et al. (2010).
1602:
1056:Criticisms, challenges, and responses
955:
444:
4160:
4108:
4072:
3699:
3173:Rajagopala SV.; et al. (2011).
2810:
1784:
1545:
1059:
5573:â a dedicated interactome web site.
4503:
4454:
3764:Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
3545:Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
2094:
1239:. Sci Rep. 2018 Jul 23;8(1):11061.
24:
5367:
4411:
3921:
2944:Goh, K. -I.; Choi, I. -G. (2012).
392:. A network analysis can identify
282:
25:
5613:
5403:
3809:Parrish, JR; et al. (2007).
3329:"The proteome and interactome of
3124:Navratil V.; et al. (2009).
1554:"The genetic landscape of a cell"
412:. Network properties include the
200:negative as positive interactions
3965:
3524:
3216:
2950:Briefings in Functional Genomics
2095:Han, Y.-C.; et al. (2016).
1725:
1304:
1064:
205:
5518:Calderone; et al. (2013).
5469:Interactome visualization tools
5431:(Web Server issue): W519âW525.
5329:
4901:
4844:
4785:
4720:
4405:
4301:
3915:
3802:
3583:
3373:
3327:Häuser R.; et al. (2011).
3320:
3267:
3166:
3117:
3030:
2859:
2678:
2629:
2402:
2292:
2262:(Web Server issue): W324âW325.
2243:
2194:
2164:(Web Server issue): W519âW525.
2145:
2088:
2029:
1895:
1675:
1241:doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29281-1
1193:List of omics topics in biology
225:, and other molecules within a
5338:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
5287:Fernandez, A; M Lynch (2011).
4412:Vo, T.V.; et al. (2016).
3274:Sabri M.; et al. (2011).
1808:(9): 667â668, author 668 668.
1412:
1361:
1229:
404:Network structure and topology
85:Molecular interaction networks
13:
1:
4564:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti273
4545:Brown KR, Jurisica I (2005).
2795:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti514
2464:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv077
1946:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl258
1626:10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.08.002
1223:
530:(HPC), Human-HCV interactions
269:
5204:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050153
5153:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040317
4976:Journal of Clinical Medicine
4656:10.1016/j.resmic.2013.09.001
4512:Journal of Proteome Research
4369:G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
4223:Journal of Proteome Research
4082:Journal of Proteome Research
3941:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000096
3890:10.1371/journal.pone.0002292
3617:10.1371/journal.pone.0153882
3500:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000570
2063:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020079
1499:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1451:10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.06.012
1280:10.1371/journal.pone.0004906
1049:proteinâprotein interactions
1026:
185:genetic interaction networks
169:Genetic interaction networks
44:proteinâprotein interactions
7:
2835:10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.07.015
2311:(Database issue): D834â40.
1208:Metabolic network modelling
1149:
1090:the claims made and adding
809:bacterial two-hybrid screen
339:Protein function prediction
175:Genetic interaction network
97:proteinâprotein interaction
10:
5618:
5350:10.1016/j.tibs.2008.10.007
4798:Frontiers in Plant Science
4430:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.037
4310:Saccharomyeses Cerivisiae
3136:(Database issue): D661â8.
2042:PLOS Computational Biology
1018:
805:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
710:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
367:
172:
4467:Molecular Systems Biology
3445:10.1007/s00705-012-1389-5
3103:10.1142/S0219720009004023
2880:10.1504/IJBRA.2014.065247
1661:10.1016/j.tim.2006.11.003
832:Schizosaccharomyces pombe
504:Human (mammalian) viruses
364:Perturbations and disease
5516:the interactome browser
4927:10.1186/1471-2164-14-608
4605:10.1186/1471-2105-12-161
3828:10.1186/gb-2007-8-7-r130
3331:Streptococcus pneumoniae
3278:Streptococcus pneumoniae
3192:10.1186/1471-2180-11-213
3047:Nature Reviews. Genetics
2699:10.1126/stke.2832005pe21
1759:10.3389/fnmol.2014.00058
1387:10.3389/fphar.2012.00040
1183:Glossary of graph theory
824:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
489:Streptococcus pneumoniae
481:Streptococcus pneumoniae
154:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
146:
5409:Interactome web servers
5258:10.1126/science.1136174
5103:10.1126/science.1158684
4811:10.3389/fpls.2012.00297
4138:10.1126/science.1176343
3777:10.1074/mcp.O113.033571
3558:10.1074/mcp.M113.036301
2994:Nature Reviews Genetics
2903:Nature Reviews Genetics
2445:Hamp T, Rost B (2015).
2036:Mika S, Rost B (2006).
2005:10.1038/npjschz.2016.12
1701:10.1186/1752-0509-6-128
1614:Trends in Biotechnology
1578:10.1126/science.1180823
1520:10.1073/pnas.0708078105
1002:
846:Drosophila melanogaster
818:Eukaryotic interactomes
418:clustering coefficients
125:
102:gene-regulatory network
5425:Nucleic Acids Research
5388:10.1006/jmbi.2001.4526
3038:Albert-LĂĄszlĂł BarabĂĄsi
2605:10.1002/pmic.200900259
2256:Nucleic Acids Research
2219:10.1038/embor.2011.261
2158:Nucleic Acids Research
1871:10.1002/pmic.200900282
1649:Trends in Microbiology
978:
952:
862:Predicted interactomes
839:Caenorhabditis elegans
560:Bacterial interactomes
540:Herpes simplex virus 1
511:varicella zoster virus
422:betweenness centrality
306:Bacillus licheniformis
292:
135:
62:
5502:Interactome databases
4696:10.1104/pp.107.103465
4381:10.1534/g3.111.001560
4219:Staphylococcus aureus
4185:10.1093/dnares/dsm021
4048:10.1093/dnares/dsm028
3399:10.1186/1477-5956-8-8
1814:10.1038/nmeth0910-667
970:
950:
770:Staphylococcus aureus
730:Mycoplasma genitalium
290:
159:affinity purification
133:
56:
3987:Nature Biotechnology
3433:Archives of Virology
3280:virulent phage Dp-1"
2735:Nature Biotechnology
1746:Front. Mol. Neurosci
1198:Mathematical biology
1045:random genetic drift
977:protein interactome.
906:Solanum lycopersicum
898:Arabidopsis thaliana
610:Campylobacter jejuni
465:bacteriophage lambda
440:Studied interactomes
358:hypothetical protein
346:guilt by association
48:genetic interactions
5305:10.1038/nature09992
5250:2006Sci...314.1938K
5095:2008Sci...322..104Y
5044:10.1038/nature02555
5036:2004Natur.430...88H
4869:10.1104/pp.15.01821
4745:2016NatSR...625047Y
4479:10.1038/msb.2008.66
4334:10.1038/nature04670
4326:2006Natur.440..637K
4271:2000Natur.403..623U
4130:2009Sci...326.1235K
4124:(5957): 1235â1240.
3881:2008PLoSO...3.2292T
3721:2001Natur.409..211R
3667:2015NatSR...513872O
3608:2016PLoSO..1153882H
3349:10.1128/JB.01481-10
3296:10.1128/JB.01117-10
2963:10.1093/bfgp/els032
2545:2012NatSR...2E.239P
2496:2012NatSR...2E.239P
2377:10.7554/eLife.03430
2368:2014arXiv1405.0929H
2113:2016NatSR...619486H
2054:2006PLSCB...2...79M
1688:BMC Systems Biology
1570:2010Sci...327..425C
1511:2008PNAS..105.6959S
1443:2013arXiv1302.6423S
1337:10.1093/nar/27.1.89
1271:2009PLoSO...4.4906H
982:Degree distribution
933:Populus trichocarpa
803:(Y2H) screens. The
590:Helicobacter pylori
426:scale-free topology
330:Text mining of PPIs
71:biological networks
18:Interaction network
5569:2008-08-20 at the
5536:10.1038/nmeth.2561
5494:2022-12-03 at the
5480:2023-04-12 at the
5437:10.1093/nar/gkp306
4989:10.3390/jcm9040982
4733:Scientific Reports
4592:BMC Bioinformatics
3142:10.1093/nar/gkn794
2654:10.1002/prot.20865
2533:Scientific Reports
2484:Scientific Reports
2424:10.1038/nmeth.3178
2317:10.1093/nar/gkr997
2268:10.1093/nar/gki401
2170:10.1093/nar/gkp306
1075:possibly contains
979:
974:Treponema pallidum
956:Network properties
953:
891:Xanthomonas oryzae
690:Mesorhizobium loti
630:Treponema pallidum
522:Epstein-Barr virus
492:bacteriophage Cp-1
484:bacteriophage Dp-1
445:Viral interactomes
430:functional modules
293:
291:Schizophrenia PPI.
136:
111:metabolic networks
63:
5602:Protein complexes
5592:Molecular biology
5299:(7352): 502â505.
5244:(5807): 1938â41.
4753:10.1038/srep25047
4524:10.1021/pr100326j
4320:(7084): 637â643.
4265:(6770): 623â627.
4235:10.1021/pr100918u
4094:10.1021/pr100808n
4088:(12): 6665â6677.
3715:(6817): 211â215.
3675:10.1038/srep13872
3439:(10): 1949â1957.
3245:10.1038/ng0196-72
3130:Nucleic Acids Res
2788:(15): 3217â3226.
2741:(12): 1257â1261.
2687:Science Signaling
2553:10.1038/srep00239
2504:10.1038/srep00239
2457:(12): 1945â1950.
2305:Nucleic Acids Res
2121:10.1038/srep19486
1993:npj Schizophrenia
1939:(14): e402âe407.
1865:(23): 5296â5302.
1564:(5964): 425â431.
1427:(10): 1998â2009.
1325:Nucleic Acids Res
1213:Metabolic pathway
1203:Metabolic network
1188:Human interactome
1120:
1119:
1112:
1077:original research
788:
787:
534:Hepatitis E virus
528:Hepatitis C virus
434:signaling pathway
324:Membrane proteins
297:homology transfer
165:(AP/MS) studies.
163:mass spectrometry
32:molecular biology
16:(Redirected from
5609:
5555:
5458:
5448:
5399:
5362:
5361:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5316:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5216:
5206:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5165:
5155:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5114:
5089:(5898): 104â10.
5073:
5064:
5063:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5001:
4991:
4967:
4958:
4957:
4947:
4929:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4888:
4857:Plant Physiology
4848:
4842:
4841:
4831:
4813:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4772:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4707:
4675:
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4668:
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4634:
4628:
4627:
4617:
4607:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4566:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4490:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4441:
4424:(1â2): 310â323.
4409:
4403:
4402:
4392:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4279:10.1038/35001009
4253:
4247:
4246:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4196:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4010:
3999:10.1038/nbt.2831
3977:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3963:
3953:
3943:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3902:
3892:
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3830:
3806:
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3799:
3789:
3779:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3729:10.1038/35051615
3703:
3697:
3696:
3686:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3619:
3587:
3581:
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3478:
3465:
3464:
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3377:
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3318:
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3307:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3228:
3222:
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3220:
3214:
3204:
3194:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3153:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3042:Zoltan N. Oltvai
3034:
3028:
3027:
3017:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2846:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2797:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2730:
2719:
2718:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2665:
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2627:
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2616:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2525:
2515:
2476:
2466:
2443:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2361:
2338:
2328:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2279:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2016:
1984:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1958:
1948:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1825:
1793:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1761:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1589:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1436:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1374:Front. Pharmacol
1365:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1250:
1244:
1233:
1218:Network medicine
1115:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:inline citations
1068:
1067:
1060:
801:yeast two-hybrid
670:Escherichia coli
650:Escherichia coli
568:
567:
517:Chandipura virus
475:bacteriophage T7
471:Escherichia coli
461:Escherichia coli
370:Network medicine
250:yeast two hybrid
21:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5597:Systems biology
5577:
5576:
5571:Wayback Machine
5564:Interactome.org
5504:
5496:Wayback Machine
5482:Wayback Machine
5471:
5411:
5406:
5370:
5368:Further reading
5365:
5334:
5330:
5285:
5281:
5234:
5230:
5183:
5179:
5132:
5128:
5074:
5067:
5030:(6995): 88â93.
5019:
5015:
4968:
4961:
4906:
4902:
4849:
4845:
4790:
4786:
4725:
4721:
4676:
4672:
4649:(10): 1035â44.
4635:
4631:
4584:
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4543:
4539:
4508:
4504:
4459:
4455:
4410:
4406:
4361:
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3861:
3854:
3807:
3803:
3756:
3752:
3704:
3700:
3647:
3643:
3602:(4): e0153882.
3588:
3584:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3493:(9): e1000570.
3479:
3468:
3429:
3425:
3378:
3374:
3325:
3321:
3272:
3268:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3171:
3167:
3122:
3118:
3087:
3083:
3060:10.1038/nrg1272
3035:
3031:
3006:10.1038/nrg2918
2986:
2979:
2942:
2938:
2915:10.1038/nrg1272
2899:
2895:
2864:
2860:
2815:
2811:
2774:
2770:
2731:
2722:
2683:
2679:
2634:
2630:
2599:(23): 5243â55.
2585:
2578:
2407:
2403:
2297:
2293:
2248:
2244:
2199:
2195:
2150:
2146:
2093:
2089:
2034:
2030:
1985:
1976:
1960:
1959:
1900:
1896:
1851:
1847:
1794:
1785:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1680:
1676:
1645:
1641:
1620:(10): 448â454.
1610:
1603:
1550:
1546:
1505:(19): 6959â64.
1491:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1417:
1413:
1366:
1362:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1251:
1247:
1234:
1230:
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1152:
1116:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1081:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1029:
1021:
1005:
984:
962:social networks
958:
912:Field mustard (
864:
820:
574:proteins total
562:
553:cytomegalovirus
447:
442:
406:
372:
366:
341:
332:
285:
283:Predicting PPIs
272:
259:
242:
234:systems biology
208:
189:chemoproteomics
177:
171:
149:
128:
87:
75:neural networks
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5615:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5587:Bioinformatics
5575:
5574:
5561:
5556:
5530:(8): 690â691.
5524:Nature Methods
5511:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5485:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5459:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5404:External links
5402:
5401:
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5369:
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5363:
5328:
5279:
5228:
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5126:
5065:
5013:
4982:(4): 982â988.
4959:
4900:
4863:(2): 618â626.
4843:
4784:
4719:
4670:
4643:Res. Microbiol
4629:
4578:
4557:(9): 2076â82.
4551:Bioinformatics
4537:
4518:(7): 3527â36.
4502:
4453:
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4355:
4300:
4248:
4229:(3): 1139â50.
4208:
4179:(5): 207â216.
4159:
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3801:
3770:(5): 1318â29.
3750:
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3551:(7): 1676â89.
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3343:(12): 3135â8.
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3116:
3097:(1): 217â242.
3081:
3054:(2): 101â113.
3029:
2977:
2956:(6): 533â542.
2936:
2909:(2): 101â113.
2893:
2858:
2829:(4): 392â399.
2809:
2782:Bioinformatics
2768:
2720:
2677:
2648:(3): 490â500.
2628:
2576:
2451:Bioinformatics
2412:Nature Methods
2401:
2291:
2242:
2193:
2144:
2087:
2028:
1974:
1932:Bioinformatics
1894:
1845:
1802:Nature Methods
1783:
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1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1156:Bioinformatics
1151:
1148:
1132:S. cerevisiae.
1118:
1117:
1072:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1039:, unicellular
1028:
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416:distribution,
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368:Main article:
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264:bioinformatics
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173:Main article:
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5506:
5505:
5497:
5493:
5490:
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5483:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5463:
5462:IBIS (server)
5460:
5456:
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5447:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
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5416:
5413:
5412:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5382:(3): 929â38.
5381:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5332:
5324:
5320:
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4711:
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4701:
4697:
4693:
4690:(2): 317â29.
4689:
4685:
4684:Plant Physiol
4681:
4674:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4625:
4621:
4616:
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4593:
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4382:
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4375:(4): 453â67.
4374:
4370:
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4009:
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4000:
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3993:(3): 285â90.
3992:
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3984:
3976:
3968:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3857:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3702:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3527:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3290:(2): 551â62.
3289:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:BMC Microbiol
3176:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:(6): 647â52.
2873:
2869:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2747:10.1038/82360
2744:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2693:(283): pe21.
2692:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2213:(3): 266â71.
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1925:(July 2006).
1924:
1923:Burkhard Rost
1920:
1916:
1915:Ta-tsen Soong
1912:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1728:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1111:
1103:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1073:This section
1071:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
976:
975:
969:
965:
963:
949:
943:
942:
938:
935:
934:
929:
927:
925:
922:Maize, corn (
920:
917:
916:
915:Brassica rapa
911:
908:
907:
902:
900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
888:
885:
884:
879:
876:
875:
870:
869:
868:
859:
853:
850:
848:
847:
843:
841:
840:
836:
834:
833:
829:
828:
827:
825:
815:
812:
810:
806:
802:
797:
793:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
771:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
750:
749:Synechocystis
746:
745:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
731:
727:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
712:
711:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
692:
691:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
672:
671:
667:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
652:
651:
647:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
632:
631:
627:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
612:
611:
607:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
592:
591:
587:
586:
582:
579:
577:interactions
576:
573:
570:
569:
566:
554:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
518:
515:
512:
508:
507:
506:
505:
501:
499:
491:
490:
486:
483:
482:
478:
476:
473:
472:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
457:
456:
455:
454:Bacteriophage
451:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
401:
400:of diseases.
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:
371:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
336:
327:
325:
320:
319:Random Forest
314:
310:
308:
307:
302:
298:
289:
280:
277:
267:
265:
254:
251:
246:
237:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:Interactomics
206:Interactomics
203:
201:
197:
196:budding yeast
192:
190:
186:
182:
176:
166:
164:
160:
156:
155:
144:
141:
132:
123:
119:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
99:
98:
93:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
60:
55:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5527:
5523:
5428:
5424:
5415:Protinfo PPC
5379:
5375:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5296:
5292:
5282:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5194:
5191:PLOS Biology
5190:
5180:
5146:(10): e317.
5143:
5140:PLOS Biology
5139:
5129:
5086:
5082:
5027:
5023:
5016:
4979:
4975:
4917:
4914:BMC Genomics
4913:
4903:
4860:
4856:
4846:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4687:
4683:
4673:
4646:
4642:
4632:
4595:
4591:
4581:
4554:
4550:
4540:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4372:
4368:
4358:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4176:
4173:DNA Research
4172:
4162:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4085:
4081:
4074:
4042:(1): 13â23.
4039:
4036:DNA Research
4035:
4025:
3990:
3986:
3975:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3875:(5): e2292.
3872:
3868:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3767:
3763:
3753:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3490:
3486:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3389:
3386:Proteome Sci
3385:
3375:
3340:
3337:J. Bacteriol
3336:
3330:
3322:
3287:
3284:J. Bacteriol
3283:
3277:
3269:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3051:
3045:
3032:
3000:(1): 56â68.
2997:
2993:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2738:
2734:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2596:
2592:
2536:
2532:
2487:
2483:
2454:
2450:
2418:(1): 79â84.
2415:
2411:
2404:
2349:
2345:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2045:
2041:
2031:
1996:
1992:
1963:cite journal
1936:
1930:
1897:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1805:
1801:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1655:(1): 45â50.
1652:
1648:
1642:
1617:
1613:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1331:(1): 89â94.
1328:
1324:
1314:
1265:(3): e4906.
1262:
1258:
1248:
1231:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1106:
1097:
1074:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1012:
1008:
1006:
996:log-log plot
985:
972:
959:
939:
931:
921:
913:
904:
896:
889:
883:Oryza sativa
881:
874:Homo sapiens
872:
865:
856:
852:Homo sapiens
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
821:
813:
804:
795:
791:
789:
768:
747:
728:
708:
688:
668:
648:
628:
608:
588:
563:
503:
502:
495:
487:
479:
469:
459:
453:
452:
448:
429:
410:graph theory
407:
394:drug targets
382:perturbation
381:
375:
373:
353:
345:
342:
333:
315:
311:
304:
300:
296:
294:
273:
260:
247:
243:
231:
210:
209:
193:
184:
178:
152:
150:
137:
120:
109:
101:
95:
91:
88:
64:
57:Part of the
35:
29:
5197:(6): e153.
3821:(7): R130.
3815:Genome Biol
3487:PLOS Pathog
3333:phage Cp-1"
3239:(1): 72â7.
1919:Rajesh Nair
1907:Guy Yachdav
1903:Yanay Ofran
1100:August 2015
1037:prokaryotes
752:sp. PCC6803
350:translation
92:interactome
36:interactome
5581:Categories
5376:J Mol Biol
5344:(1): 1â2.
4473:(4): 230.
3934:(4): e96.
3233:Nat. Genet
2593:Proteomics
2352:: e03430.
2048:(7): e79.
1911:Eyal Mozes
1859:Proteomics
1224:References
1178:Connectome
1164:Proteomics
1084:improve it
1041:eukaryotes
988:scale-free
941:SARS-CoV-2
796:Mycoplasma
583:reference
398:biomarkers
301:interologs
270:Validation
94:refers to
4936:1471-2164
4877:1532-2548
4820:1664-462X
4761:2045-2322
4739:: 25047.
3928:PLOS Biol
3661:: 13872.
2359:1405.0929
2107:: 19486.
1999:: 16012.
1483:2033-2051
1434:1302.6423
1088:verifying
1027:Evolution
1013:date hubs
1009:party hub
992:power law
386:mutations
354:hypothome
106:chromatin
79:food webs
5567:Archived
5544:23900247
5510:database
5492:Archived
5478:Archived
5475:GPS-Prot
5455:19420059
5396:11273711
5358:19028099
5323:21593762
5266:17185604
5223:17564493
5172:16984220
5121:18719252
5052:15190252
5008:32244779
4954:24015873
4895:26620522
4838:23293649
4779:27121261
4714:17675552
4665:24113387
4624:21575196
4573:15657099
4532:20459142
4497:18985028
4448:26771498
4399:22540037
4342:16554755
4287:10688190
4243:21166474
4203:18000013
4154:19334426
4146:19965468
4102:20973567
4066:18192278
4017:24561554
3960:19402753
3909:18509523
3869:PLOS ONE
3847:17615063
3796:24627523
3737:11196647
3693:26463011
3636:27115606
3596:PLOS ONE
3577:24797426
3519:19730696
3461:17714252
3453:22763614
3418:20205919
3367:21515781
3314:21097633
3261:37155819
3211:21943085
3160:18984613
3111:19226668
3076:10950726
3068:14735121
3024:21164525
2972:23063808
2931:10950726
2923:14735121
2888:25335568
2853:22841565
2804:15919725
2755:11101803
2715:15301069
2707:15886388
2672:16450363
2642:Proteins
2623:19798668
2571:22355752
2522:22355752
2473:25657331
2432:25402006
2396:25255213
2335:22102591
2286:15980482
2237:22261719
2207:EMBO Rep
2188:19420059
2139:26782814
2101:Sci. Rep
2082:16854211
2023:27336055
1955:16873500
1889:19834901
1840:35834541
1832:20805792
1823:10332476
1778:25071438
1720:23017156
1669:17113776
1634:17825444
1596:20093466
1539:18474861
1467:15003130
1459:23811471
1406:22470339
1299:19300510
1259:PLOS ONE
1168:Genomics
1150:See also
930:Poplar (
924:Zea mays
903:Tomato (
718:>8000
571:Species
377:topology
223:proteins
181:mutation
5552:9733108
5508:BioGRID
5487:PINV -
5446:2703994
5314:3121905
5274:2489619
5246:Bibcode
5238:Science
5214:1892830
5163:1569888
5112:2746753
5091:Bibcode
5083:Science
5060:4426721
5032:Bibcode
4999:7230814
4945:3848842
4920:: 608.
4886:4734591
4829:3537189
4804:: 297.
4770:4848565
4741:Bibcode
4705:2048726
4615:3118165
4598:: 161.
4488:2600670
4439:4715267
4390:3337474
4322:Bibcode
4295:4352495
4267:Bibcode
4194:2779905
4126:Bibcode
4118:Science
4057:2650630
4008:4123855
3951:2672614
3900:2386257
3877:Bibcode
3838:2323224
3787:4014287
3745:4400094
3717:Bibcode
3684:4604457
3663:Bibcode
3655:Sci Rep
3627:4846009
3604:Bibcode
3568:4083108
3510:2731838
3409:2832230
3358:3133188
3305:3019816
3253:8528255
3202:3224144
3185:: 213.
3151:2686459
3015:3140052
2844:3517932
2823:Methods
2763:3009359
2663:3250929
2614:3076061
2562:3269044
2541:Bibcode
2539:: 239.
2513:3269044
2492:Bibcode
2490:: 239.
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