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buses work best when they are scheduled to arrive at the railway station shortly before the train arrives allowing enough time for commuters to comfortably walk to their train, and on the commuters' return journey buses are scheduled to arrive shortly after the train arrives so that the buses are waiting to take the commuters home. If train and bus services are very frequent then this scheduling is unimportant as the commuter will in any case have a very short wait to interchange.
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The effectiveness of a mixed-mode commute can be measured in many ways: speed to destination, convenience, security, environmental impact, and proximity to mass transit are all factors. Because mixed-mode commutes rely on a certain degree of coordination, scheduling issues with mass transit can often
796:
Several passenger rail systems offer services that allow travelers to bring their automobiles with them. These usually consist of automobile carrying wagons attached to normal passenger trains, but some special trains operate solely to transport automobiles. This is particularly of use in areas where
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are used to get to and from train and other public transportation stations; this form of intermodal passenger transport is often called "bike and ride". To safeguard against theft or vandalism of parked bicycles at these train, bus, and ferry stations, "bike and ride" transport benefits greatly from
1071:. These cost benefits are offset by costs of transit, which can vary. A Maryland MTA month pass valid for MTA Light Rail, Metro Subway, and City Bus costs $ 64, while a month pass for the Baltimore to DC MARC costs $ 175.00 and a DC MetroRail 7 day pass costs $ 47 totaling $ 182. In most of Europe
925:
In recent years, an increasing emphasis has been placed on designing facilities that make such transfers easier and more seamless. These are intended to help passengers move from one mode (or form) of transportation to another. An intermodal station may service air, rail, and highway transportation
653:
Many cities have extended subway or rail service to major urban airports. This provides travellers with an inexpensive, frequent and reliable way to get to their flights as opposed to driving or being driven, and contending with full up parking, or taking taxis and getting caught in traffic jams on
618:
Many transit agencies have begun installing bike racks on the front of buses, as well as in the interior of buses, trains, and even on ferries. These transit bike racks allow cyclists the ability to ride their bicycle to the bus/train/ferry, take the mode of transportation, then ride again to their
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may cover most of the distance, but sit too far out from commute endpoints. At 3 mph walking, 2 miles represents about 40 minutes of commute time; whereas a bicycle may pace 12 mph leisurely, cutting this time to 10 minutes. When the commuter finds the distance between the originating
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while offsetting some of the major disadvantages of each. The use of a bicycle can, for example, make an (inexpensive compared to a car) 20 mile light-rail or suburban rail journey attractive even if the endpoints of the journey each sit 1 mile out from the stations: the 30 minutes walking time
537:
Feeder buses are a specific example of this; feeder buses service local neighbourhoods by taking travellers from their homes to nearby train stations which is important if the distances are too far to comfortably walk; at the end of the working day the buses take the travellers home again. Feeder
512:
Similar to park and ride is what is often termed "kiss and ride". Rather than drive to the train or bus station and park the commuter is driven to the station by a friend or relative (parent, spouse etc.) The "kiss" refers to the peck on the cheek as the commuter exits the car. Kiss and ride is
417:
Public transportation systems such as train or metro systems have the most efficient means and highest capacity to transport people around cities. Therefore, mixed-mode commuting in the urban environment is largely dedicated to first getting people onto the train network and once off the train
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is often lacking, making passengers "pay extra for the 'privilege' of having a connection". This is largely a non-issue in
European cities where all modes of local public transit follow the same ticketing scheme and a ticket for e.g. the metro will be valid on buses or commuter rail.
476:(Automobiles can also be used as the centerpiece of a multi-mode commute, with drivers resorting to walking or cycling to their final destination. Commuters to major cities take this route when driving is convenient, but parking options at the destination are not readily available.)
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and thus higher costs to rent or purchase. A commuter may select a location further out than practical walking distance but not more than practical cycling distance to reduce housing costs. Similarly, a commuter can close an even further distance quickly with an
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Weather can also be a factor. Even when the use of an automobile is involved, the transition from one mode of transportation to another often exposes commuters to the elements. As a result, multi-mode commuters often travel prepared for inclement weather.
981:. The uniqueness of this transfer facility is that turnstiles are located on the platforms between rail services in addition to on a separate concourse to allow for direct transfers. Millbrae Intermodal Terminal is also planned to be incorporated into the
509:. One way of doing this is to provide car parking places at train or bus stations where commuters can drive to the station, park their cars and then continue on with their journey on the train or bus: this is often called "park and ride".
956:
Regional transit systems in the United States often include regional intermodal transit centers that incorporate multiple types of rail and bus services alongside park and ride amenities. Until the completion of San
Francisco
610:
The use of "bike and ride" instead of a car can cut costs for fuel and parking, and some families no longer need to own and operate multiple cars. Environmental benefits can also increase (i.e. less pollution) and reduced
341:
Intermodal transport has existed for about as long as passenger transport itself. People switched from carriages to ferries at the edge of a river too deep to ford. In the 19th century, people who lived inland switched from
581:
Some train, bus, and ferry systems allow commuters to take their bicycles aboard, allowing cyclists to ride at both ends of the commute, though sometimes this is restricted to off-peak travel periods: in such cases,
817:
is a ship designed to carry railway vehicles. While usually used to carry freight vehicles, passenger cars can also be carried. In other places passengers move between passenger cars to a passenger ferry.
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to the station may remain practical, as long as the commute from the far end station to the destination is practical by walking, a carry-on cycle, or another rapid transit such as a local or shuttle bus.
533:
Many large cities link their railway network to their bus network. This enables commuters to get to places that are not serviced directly by rail as they are often considered to be too far for walking.
430:
are conventionally used as a single-mode form of transit, they also find use in a variety of mixed-mode scenarios. They can provide a short commute to train stations, airports, and piers, where all-day
1360:
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final destination. These types of racks combined with increased bike infrastructure and bike parking have made bike commuting a frequent topic of discussion by cities and local government.
304:) are appended at the beginning or end of the journey. Trains offer quick transit from a suburb into an urban area, where passengers can choose a way to complete the trip. Most
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system has included a stop there. Ferry service has recently been revived, but passengers must exit the terminal and walk across the pier to the more modest ferry slip.
261:
is often used to combine the strengths (and offset the weaknesses) of various transportation options. A major goal of modern intermodal passenger transport is to reduce
1056:, motorcycle, or car, allowing for the selection of a more preferred living area somewhat further from the station than would be viable by walking or simple bicycle.
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usually conducted when the train/bus/ferry station is close to home, so that the driver dropping the commuter off has a short journey to and from home.
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440:
435:" lots are often available. Used in this context, cars offer commuters the relative comfort of single-mode travel, while significantly reducing the
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intends to take this a step further, offering one price per trip from door to door, no matter which mode is used for which part of the trip.
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have always been used intermodally; for example, people have used road or urban railway to an airport or inter-regional railway station.
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programs; lower fuel and maintenance costs; and increased automobile life. In the most extreme cases, a mixed-mode commuter may opt to
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in
California is the largest intermodal transit center west of the Mississippi which includes direct on-platform connections between
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allows commuters to take a public bike between the public transport station and a docking station near their origin or destination.
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be an issue. For example, a sometimes-late train can be an annoyance, and an often-late train can make a commute impractical.
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endpoint (e.g. the home) and the destination (e.g. the place of employment) too far to be enjoyable or practical, commute by
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and mode neutral pricing eliminate the need to have several different tickets for public transit across different modes.
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may be permitted where regular bicycles are not. In some cities, bicycles are permitted aboard trains and buses.
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INTERMODES - Congress, Exhibition and technical tours dedicated to intermodality in passenger transportation
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control, effectively like having a transit from one flight to another. The airport is well-connected with
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As in the example above, location plays a large role in mixed mode commuting. Rapid transit such as
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Transport planners often try to encourage automobile commuters to make much of their journey by
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1564:) provides case studies concerning passenger intermodality as a local transport concept
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and pay only a small portion of purchase, fuel, maintenance, and insurance, or to live
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or with airport shuttle buses which transports to bus, subway and rail connections at
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In some cases, facilities were merged or transferred into a new facility, as at the
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Other cost advantages of mixed mode commuting include lower vehicle insurance via
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the way to the airport. Many airports now have some mass transit link, including
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In general, locations close to major transit such as rail stations carry higher
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Herman, Michele; Komanoff, Charles; Orcutt, Jon; Perry, David (1999-01-01).
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374:, now in ruins, was incorporated into the terminal building. Later, when a
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Places for travelers to transfer from one category of vehicle to another
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can deliver significant cost savings to the city and local government.
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featured a complex network of ferry services which connected numerous
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have been devised to help travellers plan and schedule their journey.
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1175:"Myth: Park-and-Ride facilities will encourage public transport use"
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382:, a station stop was added to Hoboken Terminal. More recently, the
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is designed to transport electric vehicles on high speed trains.
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also play a major role in providing door-to-door service between
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parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article.
1572:
1378:"West Contra Costa Transit Advisory Council Action Plan Minutes"
1573:
KITE - Knowledge Base for
Intermodal Passenger Travel in Europe
1489:
Montgomery County
Department of Public Works and Transportation
1312:"Bicycle Access To Public Transportation: Learning From Abroad"
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as the major mode of ground transportation and increase use of
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1287:"Is a folding bicycle right for a train commute in Chicago?"
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was built through tunnels under the Hudson, now called the
347:
297:
1567:
1367:, by Tom Lochner, July 1, 2008, access date July 11, 2008
1234:
1036:
326:
Woodside Ferry
Terminal, Birkenhead Heritage Tramway and
293:
1568:
LINK - The
European Forum on Intermodal Passenger Travel
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953:, were built from the start to emphasize intermodalism.
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1479:
1179:
Public
Transport Users Association, Victoria, Australia
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trains may travel but automobiles cannot, such as the
622:
1358:
Waterfront plan could be headed to ballot in
Hercules
902:, does not have a physical connection to the rest of
231:
A bus stop inside London (Heathrow) Airport, England.
973:, the San Francisco Peninsula's commuter rail, and
628:
Intermodal passenger transport involving air travel
337:
Train with marked place for bicycle transportation.
137:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1427:"Light RailLink - Maryland Transit Administration"
1259:
284:Mixed-mode commuting often centers on one type of
529:is an intermodal hub for bus and train commuters.
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1309:
826:Prior to the widespread use of automobiles, the
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931:William F. Walsh Regional Transportation Center
362:from New Jersey switch to ferries to cross the
1445:"MARC Train - Maryland Transit Administration"
1006:Mixed mode commuting combines the benefits of
945:. In other cases new facilities, such as the
867:is expected to feature a connection with the
754:facilities will be added in the near future.
412:
1558:European Local Transport Information Service
1172:
858:almost entirely supplanted these services.
697:
395:Woodside and Birkenhead Dock Street Tramway
75:needs attention from an expert in Transport
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
821:
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
197:Learn how and when to remove this message
785:
730:at the airport, without passing through
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321:
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1513:The Wirral Railway and its Predecessors
985:project as one of two stations between
969:, the Bay Area's regional rail system,
906:'s rail network. As such, transfers to
648:Frankfurt Airport long-distance station
1587:
1480:Potomac Survey Research (2000-02-01).
1191:
920:
774:, where passengers can connect to the
461:and other points of travel throughout
90:may be able to help recruit an expert.
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1284:
1197:
900:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
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1339:
632:
422:Automobile to public transport nodes
418:network to their final destination.
135:adding citations to reliable sources
106:
59:
18:
1547:International Air Rail Organization
1351:
623:Inter-regional mixed mode commuting
559:Sunshine railway station, Melbourne
292:, to which low-speed options (i.e.
269:. To assist the traveller, various
13:
1203:
808:
401:probably became the world's first
14:
1616:
1530:
1260:Sherwood Stranieri (2008-04-25).
768:Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport
710:services to various piers in the
242:on a bus of the Los Angeles Metro
34:This article has multiple issues.
1262:"Mixed-Mode Commuting in Boston"
1082:
852:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
541:
479:
358:, was built to let commuters to
146:"Intermodal passenger transport"
111:
64:
23:
1473:
1455:
1437:
1419:
1401:
1310:Michael Replogle (1992-12-01).
1211:"Station Name: Birkenhead Dock"
977:, the regional bus service for
704:Hong Kong International Airport
605:public bicycle rental programme
399:Birkenhead Dock railway station
122:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1595:Intermodal passenger transport
1303:
1278:
1253:
1228:
1166:
862:Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit
698:Airport–ferry connection
247:Intermodal passenger transport
1:
1482:"Commuting Behavior Research"
1160:
1023:becomes 8 minutes bicycling.
1001:
996:
887:-to-ferry transit hub in the
527:Jefferson Park Transit Center
517:Bus to public transport nodes
253:, involves using two or more
1155:Intermodal freight transport
963:Millbrae Intermodal Terminal
873:San Francisco Ferry Building
848:San Francisco Ferry Building
822:Train–ferry connection
756:Kansai International Airport
598:Euston train and bus station
263:dependence on the automobile
7:
1348:, access date July 11, 2008
1241:Transportation Alternatives
1103:
271:intermodal journey planners
10:
1621:
1504:
1319:Environmental Defense Fund
1173:Tony Morton (2008-05-27).
1125:Intermodal Journey Planner
983:California High-Speed Rail
883:is to be the first direct
789:
636:
498:
493:Schofields railway station
413:Urban mixed-mode commuting
315:
311:
959:Salesforce Transit Center
801:. Another system called
257:in a journey. Mixed-mode
951:Cambridge, Massachusetts
898:, while operated by the
776:Toronto streetcar system
576:bicycle parking stations
393:With the opening of the
388:Hudson-Bergen Light Rail
910:are facilitated by the
555:bicycle parking station
255:modes of transportation
1552:Air Rail Today (A.R.T)
1237:"Bicycles and Transit"
828:San Francisco Bay Area
650:
600:
562:
530:
496:
350:for overseas voyages.
338:
330:
243:
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1409:"Millbrae - bart.gov"
1140:Flying car (aircraft)
1095:In the United States
1077:Mobility as a service
1018:with the benefits of
943:Boston, Massachusetts
896:Staten Island Railway
786:Automobiles on trains
758:is also connected to
646:
592:
565:All around the world
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524:
487:
336:
325:
316:Further information:
238:
230:
88:WikiProject Transport
1511:Maund, T.B. (2009).
1285:Crios (2008-06-15).
1145:Multimodal transport
764:Toronto Island ferry
328:Woodside bus station
318:History of transport
306:transportation modes
251:mixed-mode commuting
131:improve this article
1554:(Airport Expresses)
1515:. Lightmoor Press.
1135:European Commission
921:Transfer facilities
915:Staten Island Ferry
684:New York City (JFK)
574:facilities such as
407:interchange station
366:in order to get to
356:Hoboken, New Jersey
1578:2009-05-26 at the
1467:2013-10-05 at the
1462:DC MetroRail fares
1363:2012-02-10 at the
1133:introduced by the
1073:de:Verkehrsverbund
935:Syracuse, New York
856:Golden Gate Bridge
762:with ferries. The
746:train service. A
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613:traffic congestion
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384:New Jersey Transit
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1522:978-1-899889-38-9
1012:bicycle commuting
889:San Francisco Bay
869:Golden Gate Ferry
712:Pearl River Delta
639:Airport rail link
633:Airport rail link
603:In some cities a
578:being available.
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1383:. Archived from
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877:Larkspur Landing
584:folding bicycles
507:public transport
352:Hoboken Terminal
267:public transport
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1083:Disadvantages
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926:for example.
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865:commuter rail
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542:Bike and ride
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514:
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501:Park and ride
494:
490:
489:Park and ride
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480:Park and ride
477:
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473:communities.
472:
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448:
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441:environmental
438:
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433:park and ride
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370:. A massive
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360:New York City
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187:November 2015
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151:
148: –
147:
143:
142:Find sources:
136:
132:
126:
125:
120:This article
118:
114:
109:
108:
99:
96:November 2018
89:
84:
80:
76:
73:This article
71:
62:
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47:
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41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1512:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:
1475:
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1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1413:www.bart.gov
1412:
1403:
1392:. Retrieved
1385:the original
1372:
1353:
1341:
1330:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1318:
1305:
1294:. Retrieved
1290:
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:
1205:
1200:, p. 10
1193:
1182:. Retrieved
1178:
1168:
1150:Transit pass
1094:
1090:
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1058:
1046:
1025:
1005:
955:
928:
924:
893:
860:
825:
812:
795:
770:to mainland
760:Kobe Airport
701:
676:Philadelphia
652:
617:
609:
602:
580:
564:
561:in Australia
551:
536:
532:
511:
504:
475:
445:
425:
416:
392:
364:Hudson River
340:
283:
250:
246:
245:
240:Bicycle rack
211:
193:
184:
174:
167:
160:
153:
141:
129:Please help
124:verification
121:
93:
82:
78:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1131:co-modality
1115:Cyclability
1028:express bus
815:train ferry
740:expressways
736:immigration
495:, Australia
451:rental cars
428:automobiles
1589:Categories
1494:2008-07-26
1394:2018-06-25
1332:2008-07-26
1296:2008-07-26
1291:Metafilter
1271:2008-04-26
1246:2008-07-26
1198:Maund 2009
1184:2008-07-26
1161:References
1049:land value
1041:motorcycle
1032:light rail
1002:Advantages
997:Assessment
832:interurban
726:to take a
716:Passengers
525:Chicago's
372:ferry slip
288:, such as
157:newspapers
39:improve it
1605:Commuting
1110:Commuting
1065:car share
908:Manhattan
836:streetcar
766:connects
752:logistics
720:Guangdong
680:Cleveland
672:Vancouver
668:Hong Kong
552:Parkiteer
437:financial
426:Although
405:to train
397:in 1873,
368:Manhattan
259:commuting
45:talk page
1576:Archived
1465:Archived
1361:Archived
1104:See also
1069:car-free
991:San Jose
975:SamTrans
971:Caltrain
844:East Bay
792:Motorail
567:bicycles
467:suburban
455:airports
447:Taxicabs
275:Rome2rio
273:such as
1505:Sources
1220:3 March
1016:driving
1008:walking
846:to the
772:Toronto
748:seaport
742:and an
732:customs
702:At the
692:Chennai
570:secure
443:costs.
312:History
302:bicycle
171:scholar
1519:
961:, the
885:Amtrak
879:. The
728:flight
690:, and
664:Munich
660:Sydney
656:London
469:, and
376:subway
173:
166:
159:
152:
144:
79:reason
1562:ELTIS
1485:(PDF)
1388:(PDF)
1381:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
1315:(PDF)
1054:ebike
1014:, or
937:, or
840:North
803:NIMPR
724:piers
718:from
708:ferry
688:Delhi
471:rural
463:urban
344:train
300:, or
178:JSTOR
164:books
81:or a
1517:ISBN
1222:2016
989:and
967:BART
912:free
894:The
842:and
834:and
750:and
734:and
449:and
439:and
403:tram
380:PATH
348:ship
298:tram
277:and
150:news
83:talk
1039:or
1037:car
1030:or
949:In
941:in
933:in
875:at
596:at
557:at
491:at
457:or
386:'s
354:in
346:to
294:bus
133:by
1591::
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813:A
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175:·
168:·
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51:(
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