3706:). A working group (WG) of experts is typically set up by the subcommittee for the preparation of a working draft (e.g., MPEG is a collection of seven working groups as of 2023). When the scope of a new work is sufficiently clarified, some of the working groups may make an open request for proposals—known as a "call for proposals". The first document that is produced, for example, for audio and video coding standards is called a verification model (VM) (previously also called a "simulation and test model"). When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a working draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard, but is kept internal to working group for revision. When a working draft is sufficiently mature and the subcommittee is satisfied that it has developed an appropriate technical document for the problem being addressed, it becomes a committee draft (CD) and is sent to the P-member national bodies of the SC for the collection of formal comments. Revisions may be made in response to the comments, and successive committee drafts may be produced and circulated until consensus is reached to proceed to the next stage, called the "enquiry stage".
2892:
5571:
171:
8475:
43:
3927:
3913:
8900:
8237:
8890:
3022:
3941:
3714:
negative. ISO will then hold a ballot among the national bodies where no technical changes are allowed (a yes/no final approval ballot), within a period of two months. It is approved as an
International Standard (IS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC is in favour and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. After approval, the document is published by the ISO
8910:
3709:
After a consensus to proceed is established, the subcommittee will produce a draft international standard (DIS), and the text is submitted to national bodies for voting and comment within a period of five months. A document in the DIS stage is available to the public for purchase and may be referred
3215:
specification, published prior to the development of a full
International Standard, or, in IEC may be a 'dual logo' publication published in collaboration with an external organization". By convention, both types of specification are named in a manner similar to the organization's technical reports.
3713:
Following consideration of any comments and revision of the document, the draft is then approved for submission as a Final Draft
International Standard (FDIS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC are in favour and if not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are
3698:
It is possible to omit certain stages, if there is a document with a certain degree of maturity at the start of a standardization project, for example, a standard developed by another organization. ISO/IEC directives also allow the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure, a document is
3842:
The process of developing standards within ISO was criticized around 2007 as being too difficult for timely completion of large and complex standards, and some members were failing to respond to ballots, causing problems in completing the necessary steps within the prescribed time limits. In some
3214:
Technical specifications may be produced when "the subject in question is still under development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement to publish an
International Standard". A publicly available specification is usually "an intermediate
2753:
ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and (as of July 2024) it has published over 25,000 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has over 800 technical committees (TCs) and subcommittees (SCs) to take care of standards development.
2958:
ISO is a voluntary organization whose members are recognized authorities on standards, each one representing one country. Members meet annually at a
General Assembly to discuss the strategic objectives of ISO. The organization is coordinated by a central secretariat based in
3184:
These are issued when a technical committee or subcommittee has collected data of a different kind from that normally published as an
International Standard, such as references and explanations. The naming conventions for these are the same as for standards, except
3726:
International
Workshop Agreements (IWAs) are documents that establish a collaboration agreement that allow "key industry players to negotiate in an open workshop environment" outside of ISO in a way that may eventually lead to development of an ISO standard.
3699:
submitted directly for approval as a draft
International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS), if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council.
3881:
blog article in 2008 about the process of standardization of OOXML as saying: "I think it de-values the confidence people have in the standards setting process", and alleged that ISO did not carry out its responsibility. He also said that
3895:
and these things are boring so you have to have a lot of passion ... then suddenly you have an investment of a lot of money and lobbying and you get artificial results. The process is not set up to deal with intensive corporate
2930:
In
October 1946, ISA and UNSCC delegates from 25 countries met in London and agreed to join forces to create the International Organization for Standardization. The organization officially began operations on 23 February 1947.
3279:
or more (and electronic copies typically have a single-user license, so they cannot be shared among groups of people). Some standards by ISO and its official U.S. representative (and, via the U.S. National
Committee, the
3006:
There was previously also a JTC 2 that was created in 2009 for a joint project to establish common terminology for "standardization in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources". It was later disbanded.
3265:
ISO/IEC Guide 65:1996 General requirements for bodies operating product certification (since revised and reissued as ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and
3886:
had intensely lobbied many countries that traditionally had not participated in ISO and stacked technical committees with Microsoft employees, solution providers, and resellers sympathetic to Office Open XML:
3292:
A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of a long process that commonly starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status are:
5327:
5266:
4814:
4698:
2970:
3223:
ISO/TS 16952-1:2006 Technical product documentation – Reference designation system – Part 1: General application rules (later withdrawn and replaced by ISO/TS 81346-3:2012, which was later withdrawn)
3826:: Dedicated to recognizing the endeavors of ISO's technical professionals, any individual nominated as an expert, project leader, or convenor in a committee working group is eligible for this award.
7563:
5617:
3702:
The first step, a proposal of work (New Proposal), is approved at the relevant subcommittee or technical committee (e.g., SC 29 and JTC 1 respectively in the case of MPEG, the
2842:
Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French), our founders decided to give it the short form
2761:
in technical and nontechnical fields, including everything from manufactured products and technology to food safety, transport, IT, agriculture, and healthcare. More specialized topics like
5730:
3852:
3735:
On occasion, the fact that many of the ISO-created standards are ubiquitous has led to common use of "ISO" to describe the product that conforms to a standard. Some examples of this are:
3820:: Aimed at young professionals from ISO member nations, this award highlights those who advocate for sustainability-centric standardization and emphasize the importance of partnerships.
5238:
3835:
Except for a relatively small number of standards, ISO standards are not available free of charge, but rather for a purchase fee, which has been seen by some as unaffordable for small
5105:
5886:
3955:
3016:
3843:
cases, alternative processes have been used to develop standards outside of ISO and then submit them for its approval. A more rapid "fast-track" approval procedure was used in
4493:
5840:
5610:
5135:
3049:
1662:
5690:
5300:
4716:
3068:
are countries that do not have their own standards organization. These members are informed about the work of ISO, but do not participate in standards promulgation.
5318:
3115:
International standards are the main products of ISO. It also publishes technical reports, technical specifications, publicly available specifications, technical
8941:
5603:
4752:
4387:
5765:
4818:
4734:
4694:
4465:
5446:
4325:
2966:
A council with a rotating membership of 20 member bodies provides guidance and governance, including setting the annual budget of the central secretariat.
7075:
5275:
4892:
3999:
2830:
is an abbreviation for "International Standardization Organization" or a similar title in another language, the letters do not officially represent an
3416: (WG) of experts for the preparation of a working drafts. Subcommittees may have several working groups, which may have several Sub Groups (SG).
4999:
4866:
3990: – CIS technical standards – a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology, and Certification
3851:(OOXML, ISO/IEC 29500, approved in April 2008), and another rapid alternative "publicly available specification" (PAS) process had been used by
3275:
ISO documents have strict copyright restrictions and ISO charges for most copies. As of 2020, the typical cost of a copy of an ISO standard is about
4918:
8750:
7070:
5795:
3236:
When partnering with IEC in their joint technical committee, ISO also sometimes issues "technical corrigenda" (where "corrigenda" is the plural of
8800:
8273:
7292:
3062:
are national bodies considered the most representative standards body in each country. These are the only members of ISO that have voting rights.
917:
7080:
4541:
8360:
6575:
4226:
3226:
ISO/PAS 11154:2006 Road vehicles – Roof load carriers (later revised in ISO 11154:2023, which does not have the "PAS" abbreviation in its name)
5231:
5212:
5451:
The lack of free online availability has effectively made ISO standard irrelevant to the (home/hacker section of the) Open Source community.
8956:
8920:
5710:
4112:
4016:
8966:
6797:
3866:, the rules of ISO were eventually tightened so that participating members that fail to respond to votes are demoted to observer status.
8951:
8651:
5780:
5539:
5028:
4615:
4010:
1242:
7767:
5050:
8352:
7872:
7792:
7583:
7578:
7424:
5715:
5517:
4582:
4022:
3389:
International Standards are developed by ISO technical committees (TC) and subcommittees (SC) by a process with six steps:
3281:
3154:
3000:
2988:
2770:
304:
5158:
4680:
4486:
3174:
are not used for an incomplete or unpublished standard and, under some circumstances, may be left off the title of a published work.
2872:
During the founding meetings of the new organization, however, the Greek word explanation was not invoked, so this meaning may be a
7590:
4250:
1334:
8634:
5944:
5810:
5790:
5770:
5745:
5735:
1589:
1532:
8946:
8914:
8474:
8356:
8326:
8123:
6313:
5131:
4032:
3967:
3718:, with only minor editorial changes introduced in the publication process before the publication as an International Standard.
8614:
8419:
6485:
5855:
5682:
5677:
4319:
4038:
5427:
4280:
8192:
7993:
7516:
6899:
6490:
6460:
5352:
5185:
4649:
4523:
3891:
When you have a process built on trust and when that trust is abused, ISO should halt the process... ISO is an engineering
1571:
3807:
ISO presents several awards to acknowledge the valuable contributions made in the realm of international standardization:
8266:
7837:
7167:
6964:
5473:
5081:
4712:
4641:
3814:: This award acknowledges outstanding standards development. It is available to all ISO and ISO/IEC technical committees.
3715:
1702:
1644:
1293:
1106:
805:
748:
392:
5487:
5353:"ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29, SC 29/WG 11 Structure (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 – Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio)"
5320:
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 – Consolidated ISO Supplement – Procedure for the technical work – Procedures specific to ISO
3980: – International standards organization – for sustainability information and linking up with reporting on their 17#
8647:
8598:
6288:
3848:
1625:
3250:
These are meta-standards covering "matters related to international standardization". They are named using the format
8961:
8364:
7364:
6388:
5891:
5800:
5381:
4974:
4748:
4576:
4379:
5740:
8379:
7928:
7100:
6944:
5906:
5705:
4730:
4461:
3074:
are countries with small economies. They pay reduced membership fees, but can follow the development of standards.
8610:
8606:
8588:
8517:
8334:
5849:
5845:
5805:
4127:
4044:
767:
5442:
4302:
8903:
8860:
8855:
8348:
8259:
8023:
8018:
7777:
7725:
4365:
1144:
4972:
ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services
4840:
4770:
4201:
3754:
standard file system as opposed to another file system—hence disc images commonly being referred to as "ISOs".
8850:
8464:
7817:
7147:
6660:
6308:
5860:
5825:
5750:
4925:
4899:
4815:"ISO/IEC JTC 2 Joint Project Committee – Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources – Common terminology"
3344:
FPDAmd / DAM (DAmd) – Final Proposed Draft Amendment / Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003/FPDAmd 1)
2739:
1068:
956:
654:
87:
3158:
is included if the standard results from the work of ISO/IEC JTC 1 (the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee).
8795:
8282:
5785:
5760:
4957:
3862:
As was suggested at the time by Martin Bryan, the outgoing convenor (chairman) of working group 1 (WG1) of
3703:
3341:
CD Amd / PDAmd – Committee Draft Amendment / Proposed Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/CD Amd 6)
3078:
Participating members are called "P" members, as opposed to observing members, who are called "O" members.
2437:
1049:
1012:
449:
4991:
4862:
4080:
Some of the 834 Technical Committees of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) include:
8825:
8718:
8681:
8655:
8558:
8162:
7640:
5937:
5896:
5820:
4068:
3977:
528:
5590:, access to most up to date content in ISO standards, graphical symbols, codes or terms and definitions.
8765:
8709:
8643:
8543:
8522:
7822:
7730:
7680:
7439:
6772:
6767:
6166:
5576:
3993:
2999:
and entitled "Information technology", it was created in 1987 and its mission is "to develop worldwide
2864:, meaning "equal"). Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short form of our name is always
8790:
8639:
8503:
8088:
8033:
7812:
7797:
7055:
6475:
5971:
5775:
4537:
3870:
2498:
1607:
1271:
899:
4230:
3090:
Organizations that manage the specific projects or loan experts to participate in the technical work
1487:
730:
8820:
8728:
8691:
8660:
8573:
8527:
8330:
8286:
8136:
8043:
7832:
7807:
7019:
7014:
4792:
4601:"From setting national standards to coordinating international standards: The formation of the ISO"
3240:). These are amendments made to existing standards to correct minor technical flaws or ambiguities.
1505:
5208:
2891:
8875:
8865:
8815:
8459:
8454:
7690:
7232:
7222:
7217:
6792:
6777:
6717:
6151:
6146:
6106:
5725:
5595:
3162:(American Society for Testing and Materials) is used for standards developed in cooperation with
2559:
1316:
921:
861:
843:
635:
4019: – International partnership organisation for sharing of best practices in customer service
8869:
8840:
8602:
8409:
8240:
8008:
7998:
7127:
6545:
6126:
5930:
4062:
3094:
2992:
2924:
2912:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2747:
2743:
994:
97:
5268:
Letter Ballot on the JTC 1 Standing Document on Technical Specifications and Technical Reports
8830:
8629:
8548:
8439:
8404:
7429:
6939:
6161:
6131:
6024:
6014:
5975:
5967:
5901:
5835:
4919:"ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2: Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards"
4050:
3110:
2089:
1680:
430:
5532:
5024:
4600:
8835:
8770:
8344:
8187:
8093:
7827:
7802:
7645:
7486:
7237:
6924:
6727:
6600:
6383:
5054:
3204:
ISO/TR 19033:2000 Technical product documentation – Metadata for construction documentation
2475:
1919:
1275:
20:
8251:
5510:
4563:
3093:
Subscriptions from member bodies, whose subscriptions are in proportion to each country's
8:
8805:
8755:
8714:
8449:
8322:
8028:
5815:
5468:
5154:
4676:
4059: – Implementation of technical standards based on the consensus of different parties
3863:
3792:, the standardized attachment points for child safety seats, which is marketed as ISOFIX.
2750:
of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes.
1552:
491:
108:
4244:
8893:
8665:
8593:
8498:
8444:
7973:
7908:
6248:
5911:
5640:
4139:
3961:
3932:
3786:, the communication protocol for the agriculture industry, which is marketed as ISOBUS.
3163:
2396:
673:
5570:
170:
8889:
8845:
8583:
8513:
8483:
8429:
8308:
6802:
4572:
4315:
3946:
3874:
3836:
2778:
2696:
2629:
2607:
2539:, Web-based word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, form, and data storage service
1031:
5464:"Report on WG1 activity for December 2007 Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG1 in Kyoto"
5379:
ISO/DIS 10009: Quality management — Guidance for quality tools and their application
8394:
7536:
7277:
6605:
5922:
5830:
5661:
5356:
2790:
2782:
2718:
2581:
1787:
1125:
3052:
representing ISO in their country, with each country having only one member.
8563:
8493:
8399:
8369:
8318:
8313:
8297:
8146:
7867:
7772:
7526:
7454:
7449:
7444:
6929:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
5547:
5423:
5385:
4978:
4469:
4272:
4151:
4056:
3892:
3798:, the standardized intermodal containers, sometimes called "ISO containers".
2873:
2786:
1975:
1431:
5178:
4519:
4380:"New 'net zero' standards could transform the climate – unless they're derailed"
3262:
ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004 Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary
8434:
8289:
7434:
7182:
6994:
6857:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6181:
6171:
5865:
4053: – List of standards by the International Organization for Standardization
4004:
3918:
3743:
3335:
AWI Amd – Approved new Work Item Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 14492:2001/AWI Amd 4)
3031: ISO member countries with a national standards body and ISO voting rights
2920:
2517:
2221:
2070:
1468:
1087:
5463:
5073:
1253:
Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet:
8935:
8780:
8222:
8197:
8182:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
7943:
7888:
7857:
7847:
7710:
7700:
7670:
7665:
7615:
7595:
7573:
7558:
7511:
7476:
7419:
7414:
7404:
7282:
7227:
7202:
7197:
7177:
7050:
6590:
6029:
5999:
5491:
4788:
3844:
3413:
2996:
2982:
2692:
2651:
2603:
2414:
1901:
1224:
975:
266:
5296:
8760:
8374:
8083:
8053:
7913:
7257:
7252:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7024:
6969:
6919:
6852:
6807:
6782:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6650:
6615:
6525:
6520:
6348:
6156:
5645:
5528:
3856:
3773:. Hence, the speed of the film often is referred to by its ISO number.
3385:
Guide – a guidance to technical committees for the preparation of standards
3300:
NP or NWIP – New Proposal / New Work Item Proposal (e.g., ISO/IEC NP 23007)
2916:
2339:
2225:
2184:
1938:
338:
5378:
4971:
3201:
ISO/IEC TR 17799:2000 Code of Practice for Information Security Management
1645:
ICANN begins accepting applications for new generic top-level domain names
8384:
8339:
8058:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7329:
7246:
6218:
5582:
3981:
3739:
3347:
FDAM (FDAmd) – Final Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/FDAmd 4)
3037: Correspondent members (countries without a national standards body)
2555:
2536:
1863:
1509:
1408:
1205:
824:
247:
61:
International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA)
5870:
4571:, International Organization for Standardization, 1997, pp. 15–18,
4435:
3964: – Standards organization for information and communication systems
3926:
2883:
and the ISO logo are registered trademarks and their use is restricted.
42:
8724:
8508:
8048:
7953:
7660:
7635:
7399:
7354:
7090:
6747:
6560:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6403:
6378:
6253:
6009:
5101:
4169:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
3758:
2923:
Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) with a proposal to form a new
2835:
2746:
development organization composed of representatives from the national
1825:
5511:"Friendship Among Equals – Recollections from ISO's first fifty years"
5398:
3912:
2478:, a collaborative encyclopedia intended to document all living species
8810:
8734:
8624:
8619:
8538:
8533:
8414:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8177:
8167:
8128:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7948:
7938:
7923:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7842:
7787:
7782:
7762:
7740:
7720:
7675:
7655:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7568:
7531:
7521:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7481:
7466:
7461:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7359:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7324:
7319:
7267:
7262:
7242:
7212:
7187:
7172:
7142:
7095:
7085:
7065:
7060:
7045:
7040:
6954:
6675:
6670:
6565:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
5731:
Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of Belarus
5720:
4409:
4103:
4094:
4085:
3900:
and so you end up with something being a standard that is not clear.
3883:
3789:
3783:
3747:
3332:
NP Amd – New Proposal Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/NP Amd 3)
3321:
PRF – Proof of a new International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC PRF 18018)
2599:
2377:
2108:
1844:
1427:
711:
4565:
Friendship among equals – Recollections from ISO's first fifty years
3318:
FDIS – Final Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC FDIS 27003)
8785:
8775:
7852:
7630:
7334:
7162:
6999:
6989:
6974:
6949:
6934:
6909:
6904:
6787:
6762:
6757:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6722:
6687:
6682:
6665:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6610:
6595:
6585:
6580:
6570:
6555:
6550:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6480:
6465:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6398:
6393:
6373:
6368:
6358:
6353:
6343:
6338:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6293:
6283:
6176:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
4832:
4766:
4361:
4197:
3897:
3777:
3770:
3766:
3751:
3382:
Cor – Technical Corrigendum (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Cor 1:2008)
3021:
2905:
International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations
2669:
2647:
2625:
2418:
2244:
2127:
1994:
1733:
dial-up service provider, email, instant messaging, and web browser
1163:
569:
411:
5625:
3940:
2919:
but, after the war, the ISA was approached by the recently-formed
8141:
7933:
7918:
7715:
7705:
7695:
7471:
7287:
7132:
7120:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6186:
6141:
6136:
6121:
6116:
6111:
5755:
4981:, published September 2012, revised 2018, accessed 3 October 2022
3795:
3237:
3116:
3104:
2903:
The organization that is known today as ISO began in 1926 as the
2831:
2577:
2494:
2456:
2358:
2301:
2263:
2146:
2032:
509:
468:
285:
5533:"Coordinating International Standards: The Formation of the ISO"
4953:
4817:. International Organization for Standardization. Archived from
4229:. International Organization for Standardization. Archived from
3338:
WD Amd – Working Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO 11092:1993/WD Amd 1)
2969:
The technical management board is responsible for more than 250
2801:
The International Organization for Standardization in French is
1705:
oversight passes to the global Internet community on October 1st
8553:
8424:
8003:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7650:
7625:
7553:
7409:
7394:
7374:
7369:
7314:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7192:
7157:
7004:
6655:
6470:
6034:
5887:
Countries in the International Organization for Standardization
5695:
4893:"ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1: Procedures for the technical work"
4884:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4311:
3956:
Countries in the International Organization for Standardization
3017:
Countries in the International Organization for Standardization
2960:
2896:
2774:
2688:
2320:
2282:
2013:
1956:
1186:
880:
692:
588:
547:
357:
5587:
3859:
as an ISO/IEC standard (ISO/IEC 26300, approved in May 2006).
8701:
8038:
8013:
7735:
7620:
7491:
7272:
7137:
7009:
6984:
6979:
6959:
6333:
6303:
6298:
6019:
6004:
5994:
5989:
5700:
5019:
5017:
4163:
3878:
3762:
2947:
2202:
2165:
2051:
1882:
1768:
1698:
1513:
1390:
1312:
786:
616:
228:
5841:
State Committee for Technical Regulation and Consumer Policy
5179:"ISO/IEC Directives Supplement – Procedures specific to ISO"
5172:
5170:
5168:
4873:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4246:
Dare to dream BIG: Standards empower innovators (EN, ES, FR)
3315:
DIS – Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC DIS 14297)
8389:
8281:
7685:
7548:
7541:
7207:
7152:
6752:
6363:
4035: – International healthcare accreditation organisation
3987:
3370:
DTS – Draft Technical Specification (e.g., ISO/DTS 11602-1)
2730:
2724:
1806:
1749:
1449:
1391:
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
1352:
551:
487:
209:
5014:
3379:
IWA – International Workshop Agreements (e.g., IWA 1:2005)
1663:
Montevideo Statement on the Future of Internet Cooperation
8686:
8172:
7862:
6914:
5165:
4664:
3376:
TTA – Technology Trends Assessment (e.g., ISO/TTA 1:1994)
3303:
AWI – Approved new Work Item (e.g., ISO/IEC AWI 15444-14)
3043: Subscriber members (countries with small economies)
3003:(ICT) standards for business and consumer applications."
2838:. The organization provides this explanation of the name:
1730:
1533:
UN World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) phase I
1371:
1182:
4888:
The ISO directives are published in two distinct parts:
4784:
4314:: International Organization for Standardization. 2022.
4007:– the Interface Marketing Supplier Integration Institute
3776:
As it was originally defined in ISO 518, the flash
3324:
IS – International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007)
3312:
FCD – Final Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC FCD 23000-12)
5564:
5312:
5310:
4100:- Libraries, archives, indexing and information science
3353:
Amd – Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Amd 1:2007)
161:
5766:
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran
5579:, with free access to a small subset of the standards.
5149:
5147:
5145:
5132:"Stages of the development of International Standards"
3757:
The sensitivity of a photographic film to light (its "
3367:
TS – Technical Specification (e.g., ISO/TS 16949:2009)
3364:
DTR – Draft Technical Report (e.g., ISO/IEC DTR 19791)
1626:
First internationalized country code top-level domains
4013: – Classification system for technical standards
3780:
found on cameras often is called the "ISO shoe".
2976:
2817:
2727:
1681:
NetMundial international Internet governance proposal
322:
NPL followed by the ARPANET carry their first packets
5952:
5691:
Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación
5307:
3908:
3721:
3421:
Stages in the development process of an ISO standard
5549:
MIT Innovations and Entrepreneurship Seminar Series
5226:
5224:
5222:
5142:
5095:
5093:
5091:
4633:
4310:(in English, French, and Russian) (20th ed.).
3361:
TR – Technical Report (e.g., ISO/IEC TR 19791:2006)
2987:ISO has a joint technical committee (JTC) with the
2852:
2721:
376:
Merit Network's packet-switched network operational
5488:"Ubuntu's Shuttleworth blames ISO for OOXML's win"
5209:"List of abbreviations used throughout ISO Online"
5155:"The ISO27k FAQ – ISO/IEC acronyms and committees"
4769:. International Organization for Standardization.
4751:. International Organization for Standardization.
4733:. International Organization for Standardization.
4715:. International Organization for Standardization.
4705:
4697:. International Organization for Standardization.
4679:. International Organization for Standardization.
4460:Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 June 2021. "
4200:. International Organization for Standardization.
4091:– Terminology and other language content resources
4000:Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
5443:"Where to get ISO Standards on the Internet free"
5260:
5258:
5256:
120:170 members (39 correspondents and 4 subscribers)
8933:
5796:Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority
5219:
5088:
4041: – Specialized agency of the United Nations
2819:Mezhdunarodnaya organizatsiya po standartizatsii
16:International standards development organization
8801:Environmental, social, and corporate governance
5290:
5288:
3309:CD – Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC CD 23000-5)
3209:Technical and publicly available specifications
2899:where the ISO predecessor, the ISA, was founded
1335:very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS)
599:Merging the networks and creating the Internet:
8942:International Organization for Standardization
5627:International Organization for Standardization
5456:
5344:
5253:
4945:
4687:
4462:International Organization for Standardization
3105:International standards and other publications
2710:International Organization for Standardization
1608:First meeting of the Internet Governance Forum
1572:UN Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG)
29:International Organization for Standardization
8267:
5938:
5611:
5583:Advanced search for standards and/or projects
5125:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5068:
5066:
5064:
4807:
4530:
4192:
4190:
4029:) – International standards organization
2953:
2810:
5711:Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution
5285:
5264:
4109:- Banking, securities and financial services
4065: – Organization that develops standards
4047: – Open internet standards organization
4017:The International Customer Service Institute
2805:Organisation internationale de normalisation
2803:
1374:changes pricing model from hourly to monthly
35:Organisation internationale de normalisation
5527:
5434:
5416:
4855:
4598:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4221:
4219:
3730:
3306:WD – Working Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC WD 27032)
2859:
2812:Международная организация по стандартизации
1701:contract with U.S. Dept. of Commerce ends,
900:Federal Internet Exchanges (FIX East|FIXes)
8274:
8260:
5945:
5931:
5781:Korean Agency for Technology and Standards
5618:
5604:
5569:
5480:
5112:
5061:
4741:
4187:
4011:International Classification for Standards
3350:PRF Amd – (e.g., ISO 12639:2004/PRF Amd 1)
3287:
1270:New Internet architecture with commercial
169:
41:
19:"ISO" redirects here. For other uses, see
5716:Brazilian National Standards Organization
5490:. ZDNet.com. 1 April 2008. Archived from
5043:
4759:
4639:
4023:International Electrotechnical Commission
3282:International Electrotechnical Commission
3155:International Electrotechnical Commission
2989:International Electrotechnical Commission
2796:
2771:International Electrotechnical Commission
305:Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
5440:
5350:
4723:
4640:Tranchard, Sandrine (23 February 2017).
4599:Yates, JoAnne; Murphy, Craig N. (2006).
4556:
4512:
4479:
4343:
4216:
4115:Quality management and quality assurance
3025:A map of ISO members as of November 2020
3020:
3001:Information and Communication Technology
2890:
2757:The organization develops and publishes
8635:Pollutant release and transfer register
5811:Standardization Administration of China
5791:National Standards Authority of Ireland
5771:Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
5746:Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
5736:Cyprus Organisation for Standardisation
5545:from the original on 22 September 2010.
5449:from the original on 24 November 2007.
5202:
5200:
5198:
4954:"ISO/IEC Directives and ISO supplement"
4755:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4737:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4719:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4683:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4526:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4295:
3869:The computer security entrepreneur and
3328:Abbreviations used for amendments are:
2991:(IEC) to develop standards relating to
2934:ISO Standards were originally known as
2915:. The ISA was suspended in 1942 during
1243:North American Network Operators' Group
8934:
5333:from the original on 20 September 2022
5161:from the original on 24 November 2005.
5102:"International harmonized stage codes"
5084:from the original on 21 February 2010.
4773:from the original on 15 December 2011.
4368:from the original on 17 February 2023.
4033:International healthcare accreditation
3968:European Committee for Standardization
3710:to with its ISO DIS reference number.
3373:PAS – Publicly Available Specification
3128:These are designated using the format
8420:Principles for Responsible Investment
8255:
5926:
5856:Swiss Association for Standardization
5687:ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board
5683:American National Standards Institute
5678:Algerian Institute of Standardization
5599:
5523:from the original on 26 October 2012.
5508:
5241:from the original on 17 February 2010
5191:from the original on 12 January 2012.
5002:from the original on 21 November 2020
4701:from the original on 3 November 2012.
4608:Business and Economic History On-Line
4253:from the original on 14 February 2022
4039:International Telecommunication Union
3750:" to signify that they are using the
3270:
3055:ISO has three membership categories,
8909:
5476:from the original on 12 August 2007.
5430:from the original on 5 October 2007.
5303:from the original on 12 August 2007.
5215:from the original on 12 August 2007.
5195:
5138:from the original on 12 August 2007.
5108:from the original on 4 October 2007.
5031:from the original on 13 October 2007
4869:from the original on 5 October 2007.
4843:from the original on 24 January 2021
4652:from the original on 20 October 2023
4588:from the original on 26 October 2012
4390:from the original on 2 February 2022
4204:from the original on 24 January 2021
2380:anonymous news and information leaks
1939:Yahoo Groups (formerly Yahoo! Clubs)
1488:New top-level domain names activated
8957:Social responsibility organizations
5316:
5206:
5176:
4992:"What Does ISO Certification Cost?"
3086:ISO is funded by a combination of:
2950:" was issued in 1951 as "ISO/R 1".
393:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
13:
8967:1947 establishments in Switzerland
8599:Environmental full-cost accounting
5502:
4825:
4621:from the original on 27 April 2021
4544:from the original on 27 April 2015
4499:from the original on 14 March 2020
4454:
4331:from the original on 31 March 2022
4283:from the original on 10 April 2022
3996: – Operating unit within IEEE
3849:standardization of Office Open XML
2977:Joint technical committee with IEC
883:founded, allows commercial traffic
490:protocol approved and deployed on
471:commercial packet-switched network
14:
8978:
8952:Organizations established in 1947
5892:Information Technology Task Force
5801:South African Bureau of Standards
5556:
4960:from the original on 16 May 2008.
3722:International Workshop Agreements
2973:, who develop the ISO standards.
731:First .COM domain name registered
8908:
8899:
8898:
8888:
8473:
8380:Extended producer responsibility
8236:
8235:
5907:List of ISO technical committees
5706:Austrian Standards International
5531:; Murphy, Craig N. (Fall 2006).
5441:Jelliffe, Rick (1 August 2007).
5265:ISO/IEC JTC1 (2 November 2009),
4795:from the original on 15 May 2021
4123:Geographic information/Geomatics
4075:
3939:
3925:
3911:
2717:
178:
8589:Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
5850:Swedish Institute for Standards
5806:Sri Lanka Standards Institution
5391:
5371:
5294:
5129:
5099:
4984:
4964:
4951:
4924:. ISO/IEC. 2011. Archived from
4898:. ISO/IEC. 2012. Archived from
4777:
4592:
4140:Health-related data/information
4128:Geographic data and information
4045:Internet Engineering Task Force
3974:) – Standards organization
3136:is the number of the standard,
2895:Plaque marking the building in
2850:is derived from the Greek word
768:Internet Engineering Task Force
192:Early research and development:
8861:Socially responsible marketing
8856:Socially responsible investing
5741:Deutsches Institut für Normung
5588:Online Browsing Platform (OBP)
5025:"Publicly Available Standards"
4749:"Governance of technical work"
4428:
4402:
4372:
4265:
4237:
4227:"How to use the ISO Catalogue"
2911:), which primarily focused on
1713:Examples of Internet services:
1145:Classless Inter-Domain Routing
1:
8947:Organisations based in Geneva
8851:Socially responsible business
5861:Turkish Standards Institution
5826:Standards Institute of Israel
5751:Finnish Standards Association
4731:"Who develops ISO standards?"
4180:
4097:Information and documentation
3818:The ISO Next Generation Award
3802:
3284:) are made freely available.
3010:
2672:, massive open online courses
957:Advanced Network and Services
655:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
212:networking concepts developed
88:Non-governmental organization
8796:Environmental pricing reform
8327:environmental responsibility
5786:Korean Standards Association
5761:Badan Standardisasi Nasional
5577:Publicly Available Standards
5351:ISO, IEC (5 November 2009).
4863:"General information on ISO"
4540:. University of Pittsburgh.
4436:"Transport sector standards"
3830:
3812:The Lawrence D. Eicher Award
3704:Moving Picture Experts Group
3140:is an optional part number,
3081:
2438:Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
1225:Full text web search engines
1050:Commercial Internet eXchange
1013:Wide area information server
450:Transmission Control Program
7:
8826:Market governance mechanism
8682:Global Reporting Initiative
8652:standards and certification
8559:Social return on investment
5897:ISO Development Environment
5846:Swedish Standards Institute
5821:Standards Council of Canada
5232:"US Tag Committee Handbook"
4069:Terminology planning policy
3978:Global Reporting Initiative
3904:
3297:PWI – Preliminary Work Item
3144:is the year published, and
3119:(corrections), and guides.
2853:
2818:
2769:are instead handled by the
1809:online auction and shopping
808:upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s (T1)
10:
8983:
8766:Community interest company
8710:Community-based monitoring
8544:Genuine progress indicator
4677:"Structure and governance"
3994:IEEE Standards Association
3408:Stage 6: Publication stage
3396:Stage 2: Preparatory stage
3108:
3048:As of 2022, there are 167
3014:
2980:
2954:Structure and organization
2886:
1864:Outlook (formerly Hotmail)
1109:upgraded to 45 Mbit/s (T3)
339:Network Information Center
18:
8884:
8791:Environmental degradation
8743:
8700:
8674:
8640:Sustainability accounting
8572:
8504:Ethical positioning index
8482:
8471:
8296:
8231:
8155:
7881:
7033:
5982:
5964:
5879:
5776:Kenya Bureau of Standards
5670:
5654:
5633:
4642:"ISO celebrates 70 years"
4487:"Friendship among equals"
4410:"Health sector standards"
3642:
3531:Committee draft or drafts
3435:
3432:
3429:
3357:Other abbreviations are:
3252:"ISO Guide N:yyyy: Title"
2860:
2826:Although one might think
2811:
2777:, Switzerland. The three
2773:. It is headquartered in
2092:peer-to-peer file sharing
2035:peer-to-peer file sharing
1828:classified advertisements
1071:allows commercial traffic
978:allows commercial traffic
638:protocol suite formalized
529:Internet Activities Board
183:Internet history timeline
156:
146:
124:
114:
104:
93:
83:
65:
57:
49:
40:
33:
8962:Technical specifications
8821:Health impact assessment
8692:Sustainability reporting
8661:Toxics Release Inventory
8455:Transparency (behavioral
8430:Social impact assessment
8319:Corporate accountability
5388:, accessed 2 August 2023
5027:. ISO. 19 October 2023.
4538:"A Brief History of ISO"
4249:. ISO. 24 October 2016.
4166:evaluation and valuation
4088:Language and terminology
3824:The ISO Excellence Award
3731:Products named after ISO
3433:Associated document name
3426:
3399:Stage 3: Committee stage
2459:cloud-based file hosting
617:Computer Science Network
360:switched-circuit network
34:
8876:Supply chain management
8816:Global justice movement
8615:profit-and-loss account
5726:Bureau of Normalization
4476:. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
4474:Encyclopedia Britannica
4273:"ISO Membership Manual"
4172:Security and resilience
3621:PRF Amd/TTA/TR/TS/Suppl
3500:Working draft or drafts
3405:Stage 5: Approval stage
3393:Stage 1: Proposal stage
3288:Standardization process
3148:describes the subject.
3123:International standards
2759:international standards
2748:standards organizations
2560:threshold pledge system
2501:music streaming service
2016:mobile internet service
1959:Internet payment system
1752:Internet movie database
862:Border Gateway Protocol
844:Internet protocol suite
452:specification published
98:International standards
8841:SDG Publishers Compact
8603:Environmental conflict
8410:Organizational justice
4977:3 October 2022 at the
4713:"Technical committees"
4063:Standards organization
3958: – Members of ISO
3902:
3855:to obtain approval of
3640:International Standard
3475:New work item proposal
3402:Stage 4: Enquiry stage
3095:gross national product
3045:
2993:information technology
2913:mechanical engineering
2900:
2870:
2804:
2797:Name and abbreviations
2767:electronic engineering
2744:international standard
2247:social networking site
2149:social networking site
940:ARPANET decommissioned
695:split off from ARPANET
71:; 77 years ago
8831:Product certification
8630:Life-cycle assessment
8549:Performance indicator
8440:Social responsibility
8405:Organizational ethics
8335:social responsibility
5902:List of ISO standards
5836:Standards New Zealand
5509:Kuert, Willy (1997).
5384:2 August 2023 at the
5051:"Free ANSI Standards"
4468:12 April 2022 at the
4175:- Security of society
4051:List of ISO standards
3889:
3459:Preliminary work item
3412:The TC/SC may set up
3193:in the report's name.
3189:prepended instead of
3111:List of ISO standards
3066:Correspondent members
3024:
3015:Further information:
2894:
2840:
2738:) is an independent,
1922:automatic translation
1866:free web-based e-mail
1452:allows broader access
431:PARC Universal Packet
69:23 February 1947
8836:Public participation
8771:Conflict of interest
8361:inequality in the UK
8353:in the United States
8345:Environmental racism
4998:. 11 November 2019.
3231:Technical corrigenda
2971:technical committees
2476:Encyclopedia of Life
2421:and virtual bookshop
2205:Anonymous imageboard
2168:Internet voice calls
2073:Anonymous imageboard
995:Archie search engine
751:with 56 kbit/s links
492:public data networks
414:network demonstrated
21:ISO (disambiguation)
8806:Ethical consumerism
8756:Benefit corporation
8648:metrics and indices
8450:Sullivan principles
8365:injustice in Europe
5816:Standards Australia
5469:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34
4520:"ISO name and logo"
4384:The Washington Post
3864:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34
3761:") is described by
3716:central secretariat
3423:
2937:ISO Recommendations
2130:business networking
1997:Anonymous textboard
1553:National LambdaRail
1411:wireless networking
1245:(NANOG) established
712:OSI Reference Model
572:standard introduced
126:Official languages
109:Geneva, Switzerland
30:
8894:Environment portal
8666:Triple bottom line
8594:Emission inventory
8499:Double bottom line
8445:Stakeholder theory
5958:by standard number
5912:Quality Objectives
5641:ISO/PAS 28007:2012
5445:. oreillynet.com.
5399:"ISO - ISO awards"
5377:For example, ISO,
5359:on 28 January 2001
5297:"ISO deliverables"
5281:on 22 October 2021
4931:on 16 October 2011
4821:on 6 October 2012.
4233:on 4 October 2007.
4135:Health informatics
4106:Financial services
3962:Ecma International
3933:Engineering portal
3877:, was quoted in a
3419:
3271:Document copyright
3164:ASTM International
3130:ISO nnnnn: Title
3072:Subscriber members
3046:
2901:
2779:official languages
2397:Google Street View
1206:Mosaic web browser
1128:(ISOC) established
674:Domain Name System
433:development begins
395:(IANA) established
250:concepts conceived
28:
8929:
8928:
8846:Social enterprise
8751:Bangladesh Accord
8611:management system
8607:impact assessment
8584:Carbon accounting
8514:Impact assessment
8465:UN Global Compact
8357:in Western Europe
8309:Aarhus Convention
8249:
8248:
5972:ISO romanizations
5920:
5919:
5655:Technical reports
4785:"JTC 1 home page"
4442:. 20 January 2023
4321:978-92-67-02040-2
3947:Technology portal
3875:Mark Shuttleworth
3696:
3695:
3179:Technical reports
3100:Sale of standards
3097:and trade figures
2917:World War II
2706:
2705:
2697:social networking
2630:social networking
2608:social networking
2266:media file series
1978:review aggregator
1315:updated to allow
177:
176:
8974:
8912:
8911:
8902:
8901:
8892:
8477:
8395:Little Eichmanns
8276:
8269:
8262:
8253:
8252:
8239:
8238:
5959:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5924:
5923:
5831:Standards Norway
5662:ISO/IEC TR 12182
5620:
5613:
5606:
5597:
5596:
5573:
5568:
5567:
5565:Official website
5546:
5544:
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5515:
5496:
5495:
5494:on 4 April 2008.
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5414:
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5355:. Archived from
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5325:
5314:
5305:
5304:
5292:
5283:
5282:
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5274:, archived from
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5097:
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5078:chiariglione.org
5070:
5059:
5058:
5057:on 3 April 2007.
5053:. Archived from
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4159:Brand evaluation
4028:
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3935:
3930:
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3921:
3916:
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3540:CD Amd/Cor/TR/TS
3484:NP Amd/TR/TS/IWA
3424:
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3418:
3278:
3050:national members
3042:
3036:
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2925:global standards
2863:
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2809:and in Russian,
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2740:non-governmental
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1590:UN WSIS phase II
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389:
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263:
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252:
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244:
242:
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231:networking ideas
225:
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214:
213:
206:
204:
179:
173:
168:
165:
163:
79:
77:
72:
45:
31:
27:
8982:
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8972:
8971:
8932:
8931:
8930:
8925:
8880:
8739:
8696:
8670:
8575:
8568:
8564:Whole-life cost
8494:Corporate crime
8485:
8478:
8469:
8400:Loss and damage
8370:Ethical banking
8314:Climate justice
8301:
8292:
8280:
8250:
8245:
8227:
8151:
7877:
7029:
5978:
5960:
5957:
5951:
5921:
5916:
5875:
5666:
5650:
5634:Specifications
5629:
5624:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5542:
5535:
5520:
5513:
5505:
5503:Further reading
5500:
5499:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5439:
5435:
5424:"Shopping FAQs"
5422:
5421:
5417:
5407:
5405:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5386:Wayback Machine
5376:
5372:
5362:
5360:
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5345:
5336:
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5308:
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5015:
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5003:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4979:Wayback Machine
4969:
4965:
4950:
4946:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4921:
4917:
4908:
4906:
4905:on 13 June 2012
4902:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4874:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4846:
4844:
4833:"ISO – Members"
4831:
4830:
4826:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4798:
4796:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4767:"ISO/IEC JTC 1"
4765:
4764:
4760:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4675:
4674:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4638:
4634:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4603:
4597:
4593:
4585:
4579:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4470:Wayback Machine
4459:
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4225:
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4217:
4207:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4152:Risk management
4147:Risk management
4078:
4073:
4057:Standardization
4026:
3971:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3907:
3833:
3805:
3733:
3724:
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3113:
3107:
3084:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3019:
3013:
2995:(IT). Known as
2985:
2979:
2956:
2889:
2874:false etymology
2799:
2720:
2716:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2677:
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2646:
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2201:
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2040:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1976:Rotten Tomatoes
1974:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1931:
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1912:
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1799:
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1790:online retailer
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1448:
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1432:Abilene Network
1426:
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1401:
1399:
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288:planning begins
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5866:UN CEFACT TBG5
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5557:External links
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5237:. March 2008.
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5977:
5976:IEC standards
5973:
5969:
5968:ISO standards
5963:
5955:
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5671:Member bodies
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5529:Yates, JoAnne
5526:
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5157:. IsecT Ltd.
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4789:ISO/IEC JTC 1
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4578:92-67-10260-5
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4198:"ISO members"
4193:
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4174:
4173:
4170:ISO/TC 292 -
4168:
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4157:ISO/TC 289 -
4155:
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4149:
4148:
4145:ISO/TC 262 -
4143:
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4133:ISO/TC 215 -
4131:
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4111:
4108:
4107:
4102:
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4098:
4093:
4090:
4089:
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4083:
4081:
4076:ISO divisions
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
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4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
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3894:
3893:old boys club
3888:
3885:
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3872:
3867:
3865:
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3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3845:ISO/IEC JTC 1
3840:
3838:
3825:
3822:
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3816:
3813:
3810:
3809:
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3772:
3771:ISO 5800
3768:
3767:ISO 2240
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3753:
3752:ISO 9660
3749:
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3595:(CDV in IEC)
3594:
3588:
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3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:Enquiry draft
3564:
3561:
3558:
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3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3530:
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3509:AWI Amd/TR/TS
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3299:
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3258:For example:
3253:
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3239:
3235:
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3219:For example:
3213:
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3197:For example:
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3060:Member bodies
3058:
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3002:
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2983:ISO/IEC JTC 1
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2693:video sharing
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2657:
2653:
2652:photo sharing
2649:
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2605:
2604:photo sharing
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2520:search engine
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2361:microblogging
2360:
2346:
2342:virtual globe
2341:
2327:
2322:
2308:
2304:video sharing
2303:
2289:
2285:image hosting
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2246:
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2110:
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2054:search engine
2053:
2039:
2034:
2020:
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1944:
1940:
1926:
1921:
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1903:
1902:Google Search
1889:
1885:search engine
1884:
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1851:
1847:search engine
1846:
1832:
1827:
1813:
1808:
1794:
1789:
1775:
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8094:27000 series
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5646:ISO/TS 80004
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5492:the original
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5357:the original
5346:
5337:16 September
5335:, retrieved
5319:
5317:ISO (2022),
5276:the original
5267:
5243:. Retrieved
5207:ISO (2007).
5177:ISO (2007).
5077:
5074:"About MPEG"
5055:the original
5045:
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5004:. Retrieved
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4304:ISO Statutes
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2340:Google Earth
2226:torrent file
2185:iTunes Store
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1409:IEEE 802.11b
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116:Membership
105:Headquarters
50:Abbreviation
25:
8866:Stakeholder
8644:measurement
8385:Externality
8340:Dirty hands
7882:20000–29999
7034:10000–19999
5035:17 December
5006:13 November
4996:Reciprocity
4847:18 November
4362:"About ISO"
4257:14 February
4208:17 November
3982:GlobalGoals
3837:open-source
3740:Disk images
3637:Publication
3606:Final draft
3497:Preparatory
3456:Preliminary
3442:Description
3238:corrigendum
2781:of ISO are
2556:Kickstarter
2537:Google Docs
2323:link voting
1510:Code Red II
1166:established
825:Morris worm
591:established
550:news using
248:NPL network
100:development
58:Predecessor
8936:Categories
8870:engagement
8725:Fair trade
8576:accounting
8509:Higg Index
8486:accounting
8302:principles
7661:16949 (TS)
7258:11941 (TR)
5956:standards
5408:26 October
5363:7 November
4446:28 January
4420:28 January
4181:References
3984:indicators
3839:projects.
3803:ISO awards
3763:ISO 6
3759:film speed
3686:Withdrawal
3580:DAmd (DAM)
3481:NP or NWIP
3427:Stage code
3266:services).
3245:ISO guides
3117:corrigenda
3109:See also:
3011:Membership
2997:JTC 1
2946:), e.g., "
2836:initialism
2763:electrical
2090:BitTorrent
1920:Babel Fish
1826:Craigslist
1628:registered
1506:Code Red I
512:introduced
76:1947-02-23
8811:Euthenics
8776:Disasters
8735:ISO 19011
8675:Reporting
8625:ISO 14031
8620:ISO 14000
8539:ISO 45001
8534:ISO 26000
8415:Pollution
8349:in Russia
8323:behaviour
7616:15926 WIP
6980:9592/9593
6905:9000/9001
6793:8805/8806
5721:BSI Group
5245:1 January
4695:"Council"
4656:10 August
4509:(page 20)
3884:Microsoft
3873:founder,
3831:Criticism
3790:ISO 13216
3784:ISO 11783
3528:Committee
3082:Financing
2600:Instagram
2499:DRM-based
2378:WikiLeaks
2109:Knowledge
1845:AltaVista
1428:Internet2
1069:ANS CO+RE
920:(without
842:Complete
148:President
66:Formation
8904:Category
8702:Auditing
8523:equality
8241:Category
5966:List of
5871:Vinçotte
5540:Archived
5518:Archived
5474:Archived
5447:Archived
5428:Archived
5382:Archived
5328:archived
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4681:Archived
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4583:archived
4542:Archived
4524:Archived
4494:Archived
4466:Archived
4394:18 March
4388:Archived
4366:Archived
4335:12 April
4326:Archived
4287:10 April
4281:Archived
4251:Archived
4202:Archived
3905:See also
3898:lobbying
3847:for the
3778:hot shoe
3603:Approval
3472:Proposal
3132:, where
2670:Coursera
2648:Snapchat
2419:e-reader
2245:Facebook
2128:LinkedIn
2111:, the 💕
1355:proposed
1208:released
1164:InterNIC
714:released
570:Ethernet
412:CYCLADES
8915:Commons
8868: (
8744:Related
8727: (
8717: (
8516: (
8460:social)
8142:29199-2
8014:23094-2
8009:23094-1
7999:23090-3
7868:19794-5
7863:19775-1
7651:16612-2
7641:16355-1
7330:13406-2
7288:12234-2
7056:10118-3
5880:Related
5756:ICONTEC
5516:. ISO.
5426:. ISO.
4935:17 July
4909:17 July
4865:. ISO.
4625:29 June
4548:12 June
4522:. ISO.
4503:8 March
4492:. ISO.
4364:. ISO.
3796:ISO 668
3562:Enquiry
3277:US$ 120
2887:History
2832:acronym
2791:Russian
2783:English
2680: (
2661: (
2639: (
2626:Google+
2617: (
2591: (
2578:Bitcoin
2569: (
2547: (
2528: (
2509: (
2495:Spotify
2486: (
2467: (
2457:Dropbox
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2359:Twitter
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2302:YouTube
2293: (
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2255: (
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2147:Myspace
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2033:Napster
2024: (
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1883:RankDex
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684: (
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627: (
619:(CSNET)
608: (
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539: (
520: (
510:Minitel
501: (
479: (
469:Telenet
460: (
441: (
422: (
403: (
384: (
368: (
349: (
330: (
314: (
296: (
286:ARPANET
277: (
269:founded
258: (
239: (
220: (
201: (
157:Website
139:Russian
133:English
94:Purpose
74: (
8554:SA8000
8528:social
8484:Social
8425:Racism
8298:Ethics
8283:Social
8156:30000+
6995:9797-1
6803:8820-5
6748:8501-1
6304:1073-2
6299:1073-1
5983:1–9999
5696:ASC X9
4799:15 May
4575:
4318:
4312:Geneva
3871:Ubuntu
3769:, and
3674:Review
3583:FPDISP
3577:FPDAmd
3041:
3035:
3029:
2961:Geneva
2927:body.
2897:Prague
2789:, and
2787:French
2775:Geneva
2689:TikTok
2415:Kindle
2321:Reddit
2283:Flickr
2014:i-mode
1957:PayPal
1788:Amazon
1769:Yahoo!
1512:, and
1471:bursts
1317:TCP/IP
1294:NSFNET
1189:access
1187:USENET
1185:added
1147:(CIDR)
1107:NSFNET
1032:Gopher
1015:(WAIS)
922:TCP/IP
881:PSINet
806:NSFNET
770:(IETF)
749:NSFNET
693:MILNET
657:(SMTP)
636:TCP/IP
589:BITNET
548:USENET
358:Tymnet
222:1962-4
218:1962-4
203:1960-4
199:1960-4
136:French
8223:80000
8218:56000
8213:55000
8208:50001
8203:45001
8198:42010
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8183:38500
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7949:22000
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7929:21047
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7919:21000
7914:20830
7909:20802
7904:20400
7899:20121
7894:20022
7889:20000
7873:19831
7858:19770
7853:19757
7848:19752
7843:19600
7838:19510
7833:19509
7828:19508
7823:19507
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7813:19505
7808:19503
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7798:19501
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7788:19439
7783:19407
7778:19136
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7768:19115
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7746:19092
7741:19011
7736:19005
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7726:18629
7721:18245
7716:18181
7711:18014
7706:18004
7701:17799
7696:17506
7691:17442
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7681:17203
7676:17100
7671:17025
7666:17024
7656:16750
7646:16485
7636:16262
7631:16023
7626:15938
7621:15930
7611:15926
7606:15924
7601:15919
7596:15897
7591:15707
7579:15706
7574:15693
7569:15686
7564:15511
7559:15504
7554:15438
7549:15445
7532:15444
7527:15408
7522:15398
7517:15291
7512:15288
7507:15189
7502:15022
7497:14971
7492:14882
7487:14764
7482:14698
7477:14651
7472:14649
7467:14644
7462:14617
7410:14496
7405:14443
7400:14396
7395:14289
7390:14224
7385:14031
7380:14000
7375:13818
7370:13816
7365:13616
7360:13584
7355:13568
7350:13567
7345:13490
7340:13485
7335:13450
7325:13399
7320:13250
7315:13216
7298:13211
7293:12620
7283:12207
7278:12182
7273:12052
7268:12006
7263:11992
7253:11941
7243:11940
7238:11898
7233:11889
7228:11801
7223:11785
7218:11784
7213:11783
7208:11544
7203:11404
7198:11179
7193:11172
7188:11170
7183:11073
7178:10967
7173:10962
7168:10957
7163:10861
7158:10746
7153:10664
7148:10646
7143:10628
7138:10589
7133:10585
7128:10383
7096:10303
7091:10279
7086:10218
7081:10206
7076:10179
7071:10165
7066:10161
7061:10160
7051:10116
7046:10007
7041:10006
5852:(SIS)
5701:AFNOR
5543:(PDF)
5536:(PDF)
5521:(PDF)
5514:(PDF)
5331:(PDF)
5324:(PDF)
5295:ISO.
5279:(PDF)
5272:(PDF)
5235:(DOC)
5189:(PDF)
5182:(PDF)
5130:ISO.
5100:ISO.
4970:ISO,
4952:ISO.
4929:(PDF)
4922:(PDF)
4903:(PDF)
4896:(PDF)
4619:(PDF)
4604:(PDF)
4586:(PDF)
4569:(PDF)
4497:(PDF)
4490:(PDF)
4329:(PDF)
4308:(PDF)
4164:Brand
3879:ZDNet
3853:OASIS
3445:Notes
3430:Stage
3146:Title
3134:nnnnn
2948:ISO 1
2943:ISO/R
2440:(EC2)
2203:4chan
2166:Skype
2071:2chan
2052:Baidu
1699:ICANN
1516:worms
1514:Nimda
1450:vBNS+
1313:GOSIP
1090:(WWW)
1052:(CIX)
959:(ANS)
918:GOSIP
864:(BGP)
787:UUNET
676:(DNS)
531:(IAB)
341:(NIC)
8390:Harm
8285:and
7121:-238
7025:9995
7020:9985
7015:9984
7010:9945
7005:9899
7000:9897
6990:9660
6985:9594
6975:9564
6970:9529
6965:9506
6960:9496
6955:9407
6950:9362
6945:9314
6940:9293
6935:9241
6930:9227
6925:9141
6920:9126
6915:9075
6910:9036
6900:8879
6853:-8-I
6808:8859
6798:8807
6788:8691
6783:8652
6778:8651
6773:8632
6768:8613
6763:8601
6758:8583
6753:8571
6743:8373
6738:8217
6733:8178
6728:8093
6723:8000
6718:7942
6713:7816
6708:7813
6703:7812
6698:7811
6693:7810
6688:7736
6683:7637
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6541:5428
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6439:3166
6434:3103
6429:3029
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6419:2852
6414:2848
6409:2788
6404:2720
6399:2711
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6389:2533
6384:2281
6379:2240
6374:2146
6369:2145
6364:2108
6359:2047
6354:2033
6349:2022
6344:2015
6339:2014
6334:1989
6329:1745
6324:1629
6319:1538
6314:1413
6309:1155
6294:1007
6289:1004
6284:1000
6107:68-1
5410:2023
5365:2009
5339:2022
5247:2010
5037:2007
5008:2020
4937:2012
4911:2012
4849:2020
4801:2021
4658:2023
4627:2021
4573:ISBN
4550:2014
4505:2020
4448:2024
4422:2024
4396:2022
4337:2022
4316:ISBN
4289:2022
4259:2022
4210:2020
3988:GOST
3624:FDTR
3612:FDIS
3549:PDTS
3546:PDTR
3170:and
3168:yyyy
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