Interracial marriage in the United States

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divorce, particularly for those marrying during the late 1980s. Compared to same-race white-white couples, they found that Black male–White female marriages and Asian male–White female marriages were more prone to divorce. Interestingly, those involving white male-non-white female marriages and Hispanic-non-Hispanic marriages tended toward lower risks of divorce. Researchers continue to focus on understanding these more fragile interracial marriages. While they cannot conclude that race is the cause per se of divorce, it does seem to be associated with higher risk of divorce or separation (Zhang and Van Hook, 2009). One notable finding is that there is a consistent elevated divorce rate for white females in interracial marriages. ... This distinctive couple type may experience added stress owing to negative reactions from strangers and diminished support from family and friends. Yancey (2007) notes that white females reported encountering more racial incidents with their black husbands and greater hostilities from families and friends as compared to other racial pairings.

1519:", as a way to maintain the racial hierarchy. When slavery was legal, most mixed children came from an African American mother and white father. Relations between an African American man and white woman were deeply frowned upon, often due to the frequent portrayal of the men as sexual dangers. (By the 1970s, intermarriages flipped to be more common between a white woman and African American man). Once slavery was abolished, intermarriage was more common among higher educated and more affluent African Americans. There became a balance between racial prestige and socioeconomic prestige in intermarriages. Intermarriage between African Americans and whites was seen as the ultimate objective of 1527:

white person. Ten years later, 0.5% of black women and 0.5% of black men in the South were married to a white person. By contrast, in the western U.S., 1.6% of black women and 2.1% of black men had white spouses in the 1960 census; the comparable figures in the 1970 census were 1.6% of black women and 4.9% of black men. In the 1980 census, the percentage of black men in the western U.S. in interracial marriages had increased to 16.5%. However, in 2020, births between blacks and whites were much more common in the South than other regions with approximately half occurring there and were least common in the West due to the low black percentage.

1486: 1705:, religious tradition and church attendance are consistent predictors for attitudes towards interracial marriages. Biblical literalists are less likely to support interracial marriage to Asians and Latinos. Whites who attend multiracial congregations or engage in devotional religious practices are more likely to support interracial marriages. Region also moderates the relationship between religion and interracial dating. Children with a religious upbringing in non-Western states, particularly the South, were less likely to have interracially dated than those without religious upbringings. Religious attitudes combined with 1647: 1626:

occurred between African Americans and members of other tribes along coastal states. During the transitional period of Africans becoming the primary race enslaved, Native Americans were sometimes enslaved with them. Africans and Native Americans worked together, some even intermarried and had mixed children. The relationship between Africans and Native Americans was seen as a threat to Europeans and European Americans, who actively tried to divide Native Americans and Africans and put them against each other.

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American women who wish to marry African American men with fewer partnering options. However, data from the National Survey of American Life shows that, across all age groups, African American women are more likely than their male counterparts to report that they neither have nor desire a romantic relationship, and more African American men than women are married or cohabiting — a gap that increases with advanced age.

1218:; however, the legislature quickly moved to amend the laws to prohibit such marriages as well in the aftermath of the case. Virginia in addition implicitly forbade marriage between white and Asians in the 1924 Racial Integrity Act, which banned marriages between whites and people who had "a trace whatsoever of any blood other than Caucasian" except for people with 1/16 or less Native American ancestry. 1588:, Chinese American men had fewer potential ethnically Chinese wives, so they increasingly married African American women on the West Coast. In Jamaica and other Caribbean nations, many Chinese males over past generations took up African wives, gradually assimilating or absorbing many Chinese descendants into the African Caribbean community or the overall mixed-race community. 2583:

addition, white female/black male and white female/Asian male marriages were more prone to divorce than were white/white couples. Couples with non-white females/white males and Hispanic/non-Hispanic individuals had lower rates of divorce. Gender appears to play a role, such that white female/non-white male marriages are at a greater risk for divorce.

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higher than the percentage of men. Specifically, Korean American women are involved in a higher percent of interracial marriages than Chinese or Japanese women. The research considered marriages to other Asians outside a person's ethnicity to be interracial marriages, for example, a Korean marrying a Japanese person.

1728:(which has seen a huge influx of immigrants, Catholicism has sizable to significant number of adherents from many nationalities worldwide) and the fact that Catholics typically base their choice of parish on geography rather than on its ethnic or racial makeup which creates more opportunities for interracial mixing. 462:, but also continues to represent an absolute minority among the total number of wed couples. According to Pew Research, among all newlyweds, intermarried pairings were primarily White-Hispanic (43.3%) as compared to White-Asian (14.4%), White-Black (11.9%), and Other Combinations (30.4%). According to the 2725:

For example, interracial couples that consist of White female/Black male and White female/Asian male were more likely to divorce than White/White couples (Bratter & King, 2008). White/Latino marriages were also at a higher risk for marital dissolution than homogenous Latino marriages, with Latino

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are significantly higher than those of marriage. Although only 7% of married African American men have European American wives, 12.5% of cohabitating African American men have European American partners. 25% of married Asian American women have European spouses, but 45% of cohabitating Asian American

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A term has arisen to describe the social phenomenon of the so-called "marriage squeeze" for African American females. The "marriage squeeze" refers to the perception that the most "eligible" and "desirable" African American men are marrying non-African American women at a higher rate, leaving African

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Throughout American history, there has been frequent mixing between Native Americans and Africans. When Native Americans invaded the European colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1622, they killed the Europeans but took the African slaves as captives, gradually integrating them. Interracial relationships

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people. In the 17th century, when Filipinos were under Spanish rule, the Spanish colonists ensured a Filipino trade between the Philippines and the Americas. When the Mexicans revolted against the Spanish, the Filipinos first escaped into Mexico, then traveled to Louisiana, where the exclusively male

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found that all Ashkenazi Jews descend from 330-350 individuals who were genetically about half-Middle Eastern and half-European, making all Ashkenazi Jews related to the point of being at least 30th cousins or closer. This was confirmed by another 2022 genome study by Shamam Waldman, PhD (also Hebrew

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Both Japanese men and Japanese women continued to out marry Americans of non-Japanese origin by a higher rate every year. The number of Japanese women married to American men is doubled to that of Japanese men. Japanese census showed 6,000 American women of various ethnicities (mostly white) married

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in the county. In 1979, 41.2% of Chinese marriages had a spouse of a different race. Koreans had a 27.6% rate of interracial marriages, and Japanese had a rate of 60.6%. The research also showed that, among Asians living in the United States, the percentage of women who married outside their race was

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Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, and Utah extended their prohibitions to include people of Asian descent. The laws of Arizona, California, Mississippi, Texas, and Utah referred to "Mongolians". Asians in California were barred by anti-miscegenation laws from marrying White Americans (a group including

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A record 15.1% of all new marriages in the United States were between spouses of a different race or ethnicity from one another. This compares to 8.4% of all current marriages regardless of when they occurred. This includes marriages between a Hispanic and non-Hispanic (Hispanics are an ethnic group,

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were found to have much stronger same-race preferences than northern daters did. The study also observed a clear gender divide in racial preference with regards to marriage: Women of all the races which were studied revealed a strong preference for men of their own race for marriage, with the caveat

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Carmi S, Hui KY, Kochav E, Liu X, Xue J, Grady F, Guha S, Upadhyay K, Ben-Avraham D, Mukherjee S, Bowen BM, Thomas T, Vijai J, Cruts M, Froyen G, Lambrechts D, Plaisance S, Van Broeckhoven C, Van Damme P, Van Marck H, Barzilai N, Darvasi A, Offit K, Bressman S, Ozelius LJ, Peter I, Cho JH, Ostrer H,

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Jews were the most analyzed subgroup due to having the largest presence in the U.S. During 1908–1912, only 2.27% of Jews in New York City were part of an intermarriage. This figure only rose to 3.6% by 1919. Despite enjoying new freedom in America after escaping the oppression of the Old World, some

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Gender patterns in intermarriage vary widely. Some 24% of all black male newlyweds in 2010 married outside their race, compared with just 9% of black female newlyweds. Among Asians, the gender pattern runs the other way. Some 36% of Asian female newlyweds married outside their race in 2010, compared

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Gender patterns in intermarriage vary widely. Some 22% of all black male newlyweds in 2008 married outside their race, compared with just 9% of black female newlyweds. Among Asians, the gender pattern runs the other way. Some 40% of Asian female newlyweds married outside their race in 2008, compared

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In one study, White women married to Black men were more likely to report incidents of racial discrimination in public, such as inferior restaurant service or police profiling, compared to other interracial pairings. Such prejudicial factors may place these marriages at an increased risk of divorce.

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were strong proponents of abandoning their Jewish heritage and encouraged interfaith marriage. It was suggested as a way to make immigration easier and reflect positively on the Jews in a time of prevailing discrimination. They believed that intermarriage was beneficial to both the Jewish community

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Most Americans say they approve of racial or ethnic intermarriage – not just in the abstract, but in their own families. More than six-in-ten say it would be fine with them if a family member told them they were going to marry someone from any of three major race/ethnic groups other than their

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Rates of intermarriages among newlyweds in the U.S. more than doubled between 1980 (6.7%) and 2008 (14.6%). However, different groups experienced different trends. Rates more than doubled among whites and nearly tripled among blacks. But for both Hispanics and Asians, rates were nearly identical in

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Among all newlyweds in 2008, native-born Hispanics and Asians were far more likely to intermarry than foreign-born Hispanics and Asians: 41.3% of native-born Hispanic men out-married compared to 11.3% of foreign-born Hispanic men; 37.4% of native-born Hispanic women out-married compared to 12.2% of

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According to authors Stella Ting-Toomey and Tenzin Dorjee, the increased risk of divorce observed in couples with a White wife may be related to decreased support from family members and friends. They note that White women were viewed as "unqualified" by their non-White in-laws to raise and nurture

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and as socially unacceptable. Egalitarian viewpoints typically are held by younger generations, however older generations have an inherent influence on the views of the younger. Gurung & Duong (1999) compiled a study relating to mixed-ethnic relationships ("MER"s) and same-ethnic relationships

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Moving beyond interracial–interethnic communication styles and response to transgressions, Bratter and King (2008) used data from the 2002 National Survey of Familial Growth to examine divorce rates for interracial couples. The study revealed that, overall, interracial couples have higher rates of

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Historically, interracial marriage in the United States was subject to great public opposition (often a taboo), especially among whites. According to opinion polls, by 1986 only one third of Americans approved of interracial marriage in general. In contrast, in 2011, the vast majority of Americans

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The role of gender in interracial divorce dynamics, found in social studies by Jenifer L. Bratter and Rosalind B. King, was highlighted when examining marital instability among Black/White unions. White wife/Black husband marriages show twice the divorce rate of White wife/White husband couples by

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The table (U.S. Census Bureau's 2008 American Community Survey) shows that among whites who out-married in 2008, there were different patterns by gender in the race of their spouses. More than a quarter of white men (26.9%) married an Asian woman, and about 6.9% married a black woman. In contrast,

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Bratter and King (2009) examined whether crossing racial boundaries increases the risk of divorce. They compared the likelihood of divorce for same race couples to interracial couples and found that interracial couples (particularly those who married in the 1980s) have higher rates of divorce. In

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Among all newlyweds, native-born Hispanics and Asians were far more likely to intermarry than foreign-born Hispanics and Asians: 36.2% of native-born Hispanics (both men and women) out-married compared to 14.2% of foreign-born Hispanics; 32% of native-born Asian men out-married compared to 11% of

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White Americans were statistically the least likely to wed interracially, though in absolute terms they were involved in interracial marriages more than any other racial group due to their demographic majority. Outside of their own group, White Americans are most frequently married to Hispanics.

363:("SER"s), concluding that individuals part of "MER"s generally do not view themselves differently from same-ethnic couples. Research led by Barnett, Burma, and Monahan in 1963 and 1971 showed people who marry outside of their race are usually older and are more likely to live in an urban setting. 1560:

With African Americans and Asian Americans, the ratios are even further imbalanced, with roughly five times more Asian female/African male marriages than Asian male/African female marriages. However, C.N. Le estimated that among Asian Americans of the 1.5 generation and of the five largest Asian

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The 1960 and 1970 censuses showed that interracial marriage between black people and white people was least likely to occur in the South and most likely to occur in the West, specifically the West Coast. In the 1960 census, 0.8% of black women and 0.6% of black men in the South were married to a

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mixed race children, due to their lack of experience in "navigating American culture as a minority". A 2018 study by Jennifer Bratter and Ellen Whitehead found that white women with mixed race children were less likely to receive family support than were non-white women with mixed race children.

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During the 18th century, some Native American women turned to freed or runaway African men due to a major decline in the male population in Native American villages. At the same time, the early slave population in America was disproportionately male. Records show that some Native American women

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A record 14.6% of all new marriages in the United States in 2008 were between spouses of a different race or ethnicity from one another. This compares to 8.0% of all current marriages regardless of when they occurred. This includes marriages between a Hispanic and non-Hispanic (Hispanics are an

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Anti-miscegenation laws discouraging marriages between Whites and non-Whites were affecting Asian immigrants and their spouses from the late 17th to early 20th century. By 1910, 28 states prohibited certain forms of interracial marriage. Eight states including Arizona, California, Mississippi,

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These seemingly contradictory trends were driven by the heavy, ongoing Hispanic and Asian immigration wave of the past four decades. For whites and blacks, these immigrants (and, increasingly, their U.S.-born children who are now of marrying age) have enlarged the pool of potential spouses for

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A study published in 2008 reported a lower risk of divorce for inter-ethnic marriages between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. However, another study, published in 2011, found that these intermarriages were at an increased risk of divorce. Gender was found to be related to the probability of

431:. Comparisons across marriage cohorts revealed that, overall, interracial couples have higher rates of divorce, particularly for those that married during the late 1980s. A 2009 study by Yuanting Zhang and Jennifer Van Hook also found that interracial couples were at increased risk of divorce. 1794:

is significantly stronger among recent immigrants. This result holds for all racial groups, with the strongest endogamy found among immigrants of African descent. Gender differences in interracial marriage change significantly when the non-White partner is an immigrant. For instance, female

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In the United States, there has been a historical disparity between Black female and Black male exogamy ratios: according to the U.S. Census Bureau, there were 354,000 White female/Black male and 196,000 Black female/White male marriages in March 2009, representing a ratio of 181:100. This

1379:, released a lengthy Instagram video while writing about the industry for his third book, captioned: "I need to know SOOOOO badly why it seems like so many Jewish men are dating asian women?? I need to know this sooooooo bad?????? I’m writing my new book and I need ANSWERS please!!!!!!" 768:

4.6% of married Black American women and 10.8% of married Black American men had a non-Black spouse. 8.5% of married Black men and 3.9% of married Black women had a White spouse. 0.2% of married Black women were married to Asian American men, representing the least prevalent marital

239:, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people. I as much as any man am in favor of the superior position assigned to the white race". By 1924, the ban on interracial marriage was still in force in 29 states. While interracial marriage had been legal in 1268:

Living in modern times where Jews no longer have to be segregated into their own schools (i.e. Yeshivas) or clubs (i.e. Jewish fraternities) etc. leads to opportunities to meet a broader pool of people in society and integration. Another aspect may be a similar achievement rate as a

466:, the number of interracially married couples has increased from 310,000 in 1970 to 651,000 in 1980, to 964,000 in 1990, to 1,464,000 in 2000 and to 2,340,000 in 2008; accounting for 0.7%, 1.3%, 1.8%, 2.6% and 3.9% of the total number of married couples in those years, respectively. 1482:

traditional disparity has seen a rapid decline over the last two decades, contrasted with its peak in 1981 when the ratio was still 371:100. In 2007, 4.6% of all married Blacks in the United States were wed to a White partner, and 0.4% of all Whites were married to a Black partner.

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More than a third of adults (35%) say they have a family member who is married to someone of a different race. Blacks say this at higher rates than do whites; younger adults at higher rates than older adults; and Westerners at higher rates than people living in other regions of the

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Among all newlyweds, intermarried pairings were primarily White-Hispanic (43.3%) as compared to White-Asian (14.4%), White-Black (11.9%), and Other Combinations (30.4%). Other combinations consists of pairings between different minority groups, multi-racial people, and American

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Among all newlyweds in 2008, intermarried pairings were primarily White-Hispanic (41%) as compared to White-Asian (15%), White-Black (11%), and Other Combinations (33%). Other combinations consists of pairings between different minority groups, multi-racial people, and American

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We recommend that people marry those who are of the same racial background generally, and of somewhat the same economic and social and educational background (some of those are not an absolute necessity, but preferred), and above all, the same religious background, without

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released subsequent study findings on how 72% of non-Orthodox Jews since 2000 are marrying a non-Jewish person, and the same for 58% of Orthodox Jews, rising over thirty years since the 1990 national survey and "substantially over the last five decades."

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the 10th year of marriage, whereas Black wife/White husband marriages are 44% less likely to end in divorce than White wife/White husband couples over the same period. According to Census Bureau data Black wife/White husband marriages have the lowest rates of divorce.

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by Asian American males and females. Of all Asian American/White marriages, only 29% involved an Asian American male and a White female. However Indian American males married more non-Indians than females, although Indian Americans displayed the highest rates of

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foreign-born Hispanic women; 41.7% of native-born Asian men out-married compared to 11.7% of foreign-born Asian men; 50.8% of native-born Asian women out-married compared to 36.8% of foreign-born Asian women. Foreign-born excludes immigrants who arrived married.

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en 1565, y más concretamente en San Agustín donde se celebraría la primera boda cristiana documentada en el territorio continental de lo que hoy es Estados Unidos. Los protagonistas serían el segoviano Miguel Rodríguez y Luisa de Abrego, una negra libre de

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Of cohabiting Asian men, slightly over 37% of Asian men have White female partners and over 10% married to White women. These numbers suggest that the prevalence of intimate interracial contact is around double that of what is represented by marriage data.

1565:, the total numbers of Asian American/African American interracial marriages are low, numbering only 0.22% percent for Asian American male marriages and 1.30% percent of Asian female marriages, partially contributed by the recent flux of Asian immigrants. 781:, with very low levels of outmarriage overall. Of all Asian American/Black marriages only 19% involved an Asian American male and a Black female. 17.5% of married Asian American women and 8.2% of married Asian American men had a non-Asian American spouse. 4895: 801:

20.1% of white women married a black man, while just 9.4% married an Asian man. A slightly higher proportion of white women than white men married a Hispanic person (51% versus 46%), and a similar share of each gender married someone in the other group.

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wrote in the court opinion that "the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual, and cannot be infringed by the State." Interracial marriages have been formally protected by federal statute through the

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Luisa de Abrego a free black domestic servant met Miguel Rodriguez and traveled with him to St. Augustine, and they married after they arrived in 1565. Theirs was the first documented Christian marriage in what became the continental United

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It was only in 1994 when more than half of Americans approved of such marriages in general. The approval/disapproval rate differs between demographic groups (for example by race, gender, age, and socioeconomic and marital status).

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2.1% of married White women and 2.3% of married White men had a non-White spouse. 1.0% of all married White men were married to an Asian American woman, and 1.0% of married White women were married to a man classified as "other".

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In the 1960s, marriage census show Black women married (1,110) American Indians, Filipino men (500), Chinese men (300), Japanese men (100) while Black men married Filipino (500), Chinese women (100), Japanese women (1,700).

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In the United States, interracial unions between Native Americans and African Americans have also existed throughout the 16th through early 20th century resulting in some African Americans having Native American heritage.

1782:, the practice of endogamy was still the domineering practice among the newer ethnic groups. It has been found that rates in Jewish intermarriage increase from the initial immigrant wave with each subsequent generation. 5146: 5196: 4340: 1207:

when an Indian farmer married the sixteen-year-old daughter of one of his White tenants. California law did not explicitly bar Filipinos and Whites from marrying, a fact brought to wide public attention by the 1933

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Chuang, Roxie, Clara Wilkins, Mingxuan Tan, and Caroline Mead. "Racial minorities' attitudes toward interracial couples: An intersection of race and gender." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations (2020):

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tribes and be accepted, as their children were still considered to belong to the mother's people. As European expansion increased in the Southeast, African and Native American marriages became more numerous.

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There is a strong regional pattern to intermarriage. Among all new marriages in 2008, 22% in the West were interracial or interethnic, compared with 13% in both the South and Northeast and 11% in the Midwest.

296:, from the least to the most important: basic public facility access, social equality, jobs, courts and police, politics and marriage. This ranking scheme illustrates the manner in which the barriers against 4905: 5101: 4996: 5186: 784:

The second most common interracial marriage in the United States is an Asian American female married to a White American male, this is followed by a White American female married to a Black American male.

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that modern Ashkenazis descend from a small group, with the original researcher, Shai Carmi, stating, "Whether they’re from Israel or New York, the Ashkenazi population today is homogenous genetically."

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There is a strong regional pattern to intermarriage. Among all new marriages in 2010, 22% in the West were interracial or interethnic, compared with 14% in the South, 13% in the Northeast and 11% in the

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culture appeared to encourage diversity, it was also seen as a threat to the Jewish culture and religion. However, there was also fear of persecution due to racial tensions and frequent discrimination.

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ethnic group, not a race) as well as marriages between spouses of different races – be they white, black, Asian, American Indian or those who identify as being of multiple races or some other race.

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Jews were still hesitant about interfaith marriage. One of the greatest factors that swayed Jews away from intermarriage was a fear of assimilation and loss of identity. Although the beginnings of a

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American ethnic groups this ratio narrows to approximately two to one. Even though the disparity between African American and Asian American interracial marriages by gender is high according to the

1363:'s character says, "I'm developing an algorithm to define the connection between Jewish guys and Asian girls," to which Eduardo Saverin's character responds, "I don’t think it’s that complicated. 5206: 1739: 5201: 5211: 1572:

Historically, Chinese American men married African American women in high proportions to their total marriage numbers due to few Chinese American women being in the United States. After the

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is significantly related to divorce risk. Interracial marriages involving a White woman have a higher risk of divorce, as compared with interracial marriages involving Asian or Black women.

224:. They typically involved White men paired with Black women. Unions of Black men with White women were rarer, but also not very well documented, and therefore possibly forgotten by history. 5181: 5091: 5041: 5001: 1633:

Some African men chose Native American women as their partners because their children would be free, as the child's status followed that of the mother. The men could marry into some of the

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not a race) as well as marriages between spouses of different races – be they white, black, Asian, American Indian or those who identify as being of multiple races or some other race.

5176: 5171: 5166: 5021: 2781:"Table FG4. Married Couple Family Groups, by Presence of Own Children In Specific Age Groups, and Age, Earnings, Education, and Race and Hispanic Origin of Both Spouses: 2010 (thousands)" 5156: 5161: 5076: 5051: 1168:

males (3,500). For White males, the most common was with Japanese females (21,700), American Indian females (17,500), followed by Filipina females (4,500) and Chinese females (2,900).

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addressing the topic of socioeconomic status, among other factors, showed that none of the socioeconomic status variables appeared to be positively related to outmarriage within the

5141: 5136: 5066: 5046: 1724:. Catholics were twice as likely to be in an interracial marriage than the general population. It is speculated that the reason for this is twofold: the increasing diversity of the 3766: 5081: 5071: 5016: 5011: 4307: 3006: 210: 3651: 5131: 5056: 3632: 1584:

alone had counted 57% of interracial marriages to be between Chinese Americans and African Americans and 43% to be between Chinese Americans European American women. After the

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Research conducted in the late 1970s in Los Angeles County, California, showed Japanese were, on average, more likely to marry outside of their race compared to Chinese and

4350: 371:(2005–2007) showed that regional differences within the United States in how interracial relationships are perceived have persisted: Daters of both sexes from south of the 4671: 792:

males were married to White Hispanic females. In terms of out-marriage, Hispanic males who identified as White had non-Hispanic wives more often than other Hispanic men.

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Historically in Latin America, and to a lesser degree in the United States, Native Americans have married out at a high rate. Many countries in Latin America have large

134: 4185: 3745: 2320:

Gurung, R., & Duong, T. (1999). Mixing and matching: Assessing the concomitants of mixed ethnic relationships. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 16.

1176:). Nevada and Oregon referred to "Chinese," while Montana listed both "Chinese" and "Japanese" persons. For example, a Eurasian daughter born to an Indian father and 1111:

foreign-born Asian men; 43% of native-born Asian women out-married compared to 34% of foreign-born Asian women. Foreign-born excludes immigrants who arrived married.

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Among all newlyweds, 9.4% of whites, 17.1% of blacks, 25.7% of Hispanics and 27.7% of Asians married someone whose race or ethnicity was different from their own.

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Among all newlyweds in 2008, 9% of whites, 16% of blacks, 26% of Hispanics and 31% of Asians married someone whose race or ethnicity was different from their own.

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poll found that 17% of Americans oppose interracial marriage; with 19% of "other" ethnic groups, 18% of blacks, 17% of whites, and 15% of Hispanics opposing.

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theology, on the other hand, articulated strong opposition to any state-sanctioned segregation on the grounds that segregation violated human dignity. Since

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Asian Americans of both genders who are U.S.-raised are much more likely to be married to Whites than their non-U.S.-raised counterparts. A 1998 article in

213:, reprinted three times, on the benefits of intermarriage, which according to Kingsley produced healthier and more beautiful children, and better citizens. 2076: 1508:

According to Census Bureau data in 1985, Black men participated in 143,000 interracial marriages (approximately 3% of all married Black men in the U.S.).

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men born in the United States married White women, and 45% of U.S.-born Asian Pacific American women took White husbands during the year of publication.

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The interracial disparity between genders among Native Americans is low. Women are slightly more likely to "marry out" than men in this group: 61% of

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women only discriminated against Black and Hispanic men, and not against White men. A woman's race was found to have no effect on the men's choices.

392:("SES")—the measure of a person's income, education, social class, profession, etc. For example, a study by the Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, 3690: 1679:

A 2011 poll, found that 46% of Mississippi Republicans polled said they think interracial marriage should be illegal. A further 14% were not sure.

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Knox, D., Zusman, M., Buffington, C., & Hemphill, G. (2000). Interracial dating attitudes among college students. College Student Journal, 34

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Japanese men. In 1997, 15,000 North American wives and children of non-Japanese origin migrated to Japan as dependent of Japanese male nationals.

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couples are perceived in American society. Interracial marriages have typically been highlighted through two points of view in the United States:

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Tucker, M. Belinda; Mitchell-Kernan, Claudia (Winter 1990). "New Trends in Black American Interracial Marriage: The Social Structural Context".

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out-marriage. But for Hispanics and Asians, the ongoing immigration wave has also enlarged the pool of potential partners for in-group marriage.

2821: 2799: 1831: 1156:

The 1960 census showed Asian-White was the most common marriages. White women most common intermarriage pairings with Asian American was with

4975: 3806: 3483: 3905: 3894: 3373: 2755: 2744: 3086: 1821: 1701:

Historically, many American religious groups disapproved of interracial marriage. According to several studies on the topic by sociologist

308: 76: 23: 3833: 2031:

first documented Christian marriage: the interracial union of Luisa de Abrego, a free black woman, and Miguel Rodriguez, a Spanish soldier

3705: 3592: 2944: 4317: 3034: 2838:

Pew Research Social & Demographic Trends: "The Rise of Intermarriage - Rates, Characteristics Vary by Race and Gender" by Wendy Wang

1725: 1118:

Rates of intermarriages among newlyweds in the U.S. have nearly tripled since 1980 (6.7%) increasing to 14.6% in 2008 and 15.1% in 2010.

3787: 3463: 1274: 1115:

with just 17% of Asian male newlyweds. Among whites and Hispanics, by contrast, there are no gender differences in intermarriage rates.

1067:

with just 20% of Asian male newlyweds. Among whites and Hispanics, by contrast, there are no gender differences in intermarriage rates.

3408:"Sequencing an Ashkenazi reference panel supports population-targeted personal genomics and illuminates Jewish and European origins" 3358: 1716:

study "people with no religious affiliation were not statistically more likely to be in intermarriages than evangelical or mainline

358:. Egalitarianism's view of interracial marriage is acceptance of the phenomenon, while traditionalists view interracial marriage as 1941: 1915: 396:

confirmed that women show a tendency to marry up in socioeconomic status; this reduces the probability of marriage of low SES men.

4658: 3307: 3135: 1544:, and Filipino American men married Alaskan Native women. On the West Coast, Filipino Americans married Native American women in 1315: 293: 4679: 2908: 307:

However, the most tenacious form of legal segregation, the banning of interracial marriage, was not fully lifted until the last

4572:

Samuel Perry (2013). "Religion and Whites' Attitudes Toward Interracial Marriage with African Americans, Asians, and Latinos".

3935:

Fryer, Roland G. Jr. (Spring 2007). "Guess Who's Been Coming to Dinner? Trends in Interracial Marriage over the 20th Century".

3593:"MEETING THE ANCESTORS: DNA from a medieval German cemetery opens a window on the history of today's largest Jewish population" 1836: 424: 4831:

Qian, Zhenchao; Lichter, Daniel T. (June 2001). "Measuring Marital Assimilation: Intermarriage among Natives and Immigrants".

4372: 3167: 2309:

Firmin, M., & Firebaugh, S. (2008). Historical analysis of college campus interracial dating. College Student Journal, 42.

2013: 4193: 4158: 3710: 3070: 2891: 2718: 2609: 2575: 2282:

Dunleavy, V.O. (1999) Examining interracial marriage attitudes as value expressive. The Howard Journal of Communications, 15

2193: 1597: 1161: 3257: 3147: 4219: 3293: 4498:"Gender differences in marriage, romantic involvement, and desire for romantic involvement among older African Americans" 2413: 2253: 1658:

approved of marriages between different races in general, while just 20 years earlier, in 1991, less than half approved.

1037: 1033: 789: 486: 477:

ancestries would not be classified as interracial due to the Census regarding both as the same category. Likewise, since

400: 388:

Several studies have found that a factor which significantly affects an individual's choices with regards to marriage is

325:. The court's landmark decision, which was made on June 12, 1967, has been commemorated and celebrated every year on the 3874:"@tyrese on March 15, 2022: "I need to know SOOOOO badly why it seems like so many Jewish men are dating asian women??"" 3340: 3185: 1332:

Besides educational discrimination, another aspect could be sharing experiences of sudden physical discrimination (i.e.

485:, Hispanic marriages with non-Hispanics are not registered as interracial if both partners are of the same race (i.e. a 4944: 4413: 3726: 1319: 312: 297: 62: 3275: 251:. In 1958, Davis briefly married a black woman, actress and dancer Loray White, to protect himself from mob violence. 4968: 4280: 4229: 3189: 3100:

Kitano, Harry; Yeung, Wai-Tsang; Chai, Lynn; Hatanaka, Herbert (Winter 1984). "Asian-American Interracial Marriage".

2440:

Structural and Individual Determinants of Outmarriage among Chinese-, Filipino-, and Japanese-Americans in California

469:

These statistics do not take into account the mixing of ancestries within the same "race"; e.g. a marriage involving

3523: 2167: 458:

The number of interracial marriages has steadily continued to increase since the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in

4448: 2383: 1967: 1676:

Attitudes towards interracial marriage can vary depending upon the race of the union and the person judging them.

4748:

Sol, Adam (2001). "Longings and Renunciations: Attitudes Towards Intermarriage in Early Jewish American Novels".

3573: 3321: 2670:"Experiencing Racism: Differences in the Experiences of Whites Married to Blacks and Non-Black Racial Minorities" 2162: 1630:

bought African men as slaves. Unknown to European sellers, the women freed and married the men into their tribe.

108: 2472:

Bratter, Jenifer L. (2008). ""But Will It Last?": Marital Instability among Interracial and Same-Race Couples".

4064: 4132: 1795:

immigrants of Chinese descent are more likely to marry U.S.-born Caucasians than are their male counterparts.

1646: 3555:"Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century" 2966: 2077:"La Florida española celebró la primera boda interracial 500 años antes de que fuera legal en Estados Unidos" 1540:

Filipinos married Native American women. In the 1920s, Filipino American communities of workers also grew in

1173: 4659:

The Association of Religious Data: "The ties that may not bind: Race, religion and marriage" By David Briggs

3611: 2133: 4961: 4791:

Goldstein, Sidney; Goldscheider, Calvin (1966). "Social and Demographic Aspects of Jewish Intermarriages".

2108: 1808:

women are with European American men—higher than the percentage cohabiting with Asian men (less than 43%).

1214: 4433: 111:. They held that legal recognition of interracial couples would violate biblical teaching and hence their 4009:"A Battleground of Identity: Racial Formation and the African American Discourse on Interracial Marriage" 3221: 2837: 1299: 1209: 463: 3502: 2859: 4640:

Christian Nationalism and White Racial Boundaries: Examining Whites' Opposition to Interracial Marriage

3855: 3239: 1766:

Not all Jews were hesitant about assimilating into American culture. Some early Jewish authors such as

2780: 1196:'s White American wife, Mary K. Das, was stripped of her American citizenship for her marriage to an " 300:

fell: Of less importance was the segregation in basic public facilities, which was abolished with the

2631:"Ties That Bind? Comparing Kin Support Availability for Mothers of Mixed-Race and Monoracial Infants" 1573: 1562: 1485: 1285:

etc. A 2014 scientific study by geneticists, Shai Carmi, PhD (Hebrew University) et al. published by

1018: 196: 4872: 4845: 3949: 2796: 3243: 2049: 450:

divorce, with marriages involving White women and Hispanic men having the highest risk of divorce.

368: 301: 128: 89: 3902: 3891: 3391: 2980: 2752: 2741: 1600:

female newlyweds married outside their race, compared with 54% of American Indian male newlyweds.

3616: 1607:

populations; in many cases, mestizos are the largest ethnic group in their respective countries.

1150: 404: 149:

The first recorded interracial marriage in what is today the United States took place in 1565 in

2818: 4840: 3944: 3825: 2239: 221: 166: 4092: 3670: 3062: 2881: 2599: 2565: 2183: 3746:"At Trial, Harvard's Asian Problem and a Preference for White Students from "Sparse Country"" 3325: 2708: 1826: 1706: 1585: 1497: 1286: 411:

community, and found lower-socioeconomically stable Asians sometimes utilized outmarriage to

355: 2710:

Biracial Families: Crossing Boundaries, Blending Cultures, and Challenging Racial Ideologies

4509: 3922: 3767:"Before Asian Americans sued Harvard, the school once tried restricting the number of Jews" 3554: 3419: 3377: 3261: 3225: 3134:

Looking Beyond the Mask When American Women Marry Japanese Men By Nancy Brown Diggs · 2016

2913: 2763: 2444: 2414:"Driving a Hard Bargain: Sex Ratio and Male Marriage Success in a Historical US Population" 393: 389: 372: 228: 138: 54: 2669: 1743: 8: 4713:

Barron, Milton L. (1946). "The Incidence of Jewish Intermarriage in Europe and America".

4163: 3771: 3344: 3207: 3204:"With Jewish-Asian marriages on the rise, academic couple takes on subject close to home" 2981:"Echoes of Freedom: South Asian Pioneers in California, 1899-1965 - Chapter 9: Home Life" 2630: 2018: 1709:

increased opposition to intermarriage more than either attribute measured independently.

1261: 1145: 112: 4953: 4513: 4040: 3423: 2767: 4808: 4773: 4765: 4730: 4619: 4532: 4497: 4449:"A New Marriage Squeeze for Black Women: The Role of Racial Intermarriage by Black Men" 4312: 3989: 3671:"Harvard, Asian Americans and Jews: Behind the Supreme Court's affirmative action case" 3440: 3407: 3152: 3117: 3026: 2541: 2516: 2497: 2489: 2359: 1549: 1520: 1355: 1311: 1252: 1157: 1137: 474: 347: 321: 265: 260: 217: 206: 104: 71: 3826:"Scaling the ivy wall: the Jewish and Asian American experience in Harvard admissions" 1889: 4940: 4777: 4638: 4623: 4537: 4471: 4467: 4225: 3684: 3596: 3468: 3445: 3066: 2960: 2918: 2887: 2714: 2689: 2650: 2605: 2571: 2546: 2532: 2501: 2485: 2189: 1713: 1545: 1523:. They believed these intermarriages were the solution to racism and discrimination. 1371: 1328:

Scaling the Ivy Wall: The Jewish and Asian American Experience in Harvard Admissions.

1165: 1095:

The study (U.S. Census Bureau's 2010 American Community Survey) found that in 2010:

364: 285: 268:

ruled unanimously that prohibiting interracial marriage was unconstitutional via the

2762:. Detailed data can be found in the Statistical Abstract of the United States, from 1024:"Newly married" refers to people who got married in the 12 months before the survey. 4850: 4800: 4757: 4722: 4611: 4581: 4527: 4517: 4463: 4284: 4255: 4022: 3981: 3954: 3859: 3435: 3427: 3109: 3018: 2681: 2642: 2536: 2528: 2481: 2351: 2321: 2283: 2158: 1360: 1222: 1140:

and Asian Americans are increasingly common for both genders in the United States.

470: 3873: 1515:

were often denominated to whichever race had the lower status, an example of the "

1511:

Historically, mixed-race offspring of black and white people such as mulattos and

4900: 4522: 4186:"African & Native Americans share a rich history - African American Registry" 4013: 3909: 3898: 2825: 2803: 2759: 2748: 2310: 1721: 1702: 1536: 1493: 1337: 1282: 1177: 408: 289: 244: 232: 4110: 2726:

husband/white wife intermarriages at the highest risk (Fu and Wolfganger, 2011).

2299: 1277:, without the risk or feeling of having incestual relations with a relative and 3807:"Harvard's Jewish quotas cited in US Supreme Court's affirmative action ruling" 3750: 3558: 1754: 1634: 1489: 1291: 1270: 1193: 1017:(%) Percentage of all New Marriages that are Interracial or Interethnic - 2008 412: 351: 141:

as a proportion of new marriages has increased from 3% in 1967 to 19% in 2019.

116: 100: 3633:"Are Asians the Jews of the 21st Century When It Comes to College Admissions?" 3148:"A Jewish-Asian Couple's Union Leads to a Scholarly Interest in Intermarriage" 2287: 2261: 5236: 4615: 2860:"America's Racial and Ethnic Divides: Interracial Marriages Eroding Barriers" 2693: 2654: 2451:, Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 59, No. 3, Aug. 1997, pp. 758-772. 2325: 1717: 1670: 1616: 1516: 1376: 423:

A 2008 study by Jenifer Bratter and Rosalind King conducted on behalf of the

281: 235:

stated, "I am not, nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of

58: 4496:

Mouzon, Dawne M.; Taylor, Robert Joseph; Chatters, Linda M. (May 29, 2020).

4475: 4093:"Census 2000 PHC-T-19. Hispanic Origin and Race of Coupled Households: 2000" 3374:"Moishe House to 'Embark' on expansion opportunities for interfaith couples" 2391: 4936: 4854: 4541: 4434:"Poll: 46 percent of Mississippi Republicans want interracial marriage ban" 4418: 3507: 3449: 2797:

Marrying Out One-in-Seven New U.S. Marriages is Interracial or Interethnic.

2550: 2449:

Structural and Assimilationist Explanations of Asian American Intermarriage

2081: 1942:"Almighty God Created the Races: Christianity, Marriage & American Law" 1916:"Almighty God Created the Races: Christianity, Marriage & American Law" 1804: 1651: 1364: 1350: 1333: 1303: 66: 4761: 4602:

Samuel L. Perry (2014). "Religious Socialization and Interracial Dating".

4245: 4026: 3985: 2685: 1746:

promotes interracial marriage as a prerequisite to achieving world peace.

1735:

Some religions actively teach against interracial marriages. For example,

284:

ranked the social areas where restrictions were imposed on the freedom of

158: 4933:

Loving: Interracial Intimacy in America and the Threat to White Supremacy

3279: 1759: 1576:, many Chinese Americans immigrated to the Southern states, particularly 1323: 1307: 1197: 316: 177: 84: 4769: 3958: 2493: 1302:, and a shared value in education and achievement, have resulted in the 4734: 4585: 3993: 3706:"Asian Americans, Affirmative Action & the Rise in Anti-Asian Hate" 3431: 3030: 2646: 1774:

While intermarriage was relatively common among ethnic groups like the

1767: 1278: 343: 326: 254: 240: 189: 181: 154: 4812: 4414:"Poll: 46 Percent of Mississippi GOP Want to Ban Interracial Marriage" 4221:

Women in Early America: Struggle, Survival, and Freedom in a New World

3464:"DNA ties Ashkenazi Jews to group of just 330 people from Middle Ages" 3121: 2363: 1861: 1250:") marriages has occurred, as covered by numerous press articles from 278:

Social Trends in America and Strategic Approaches to the Negro Problem

95:

Historical opposition to interracial marriage was frequently based on

4345: 3877: 3675: 3655: 1991:"In Vice President Kamala Harris, we can see how America has changed" 1581: 482: 377: 248: 150: 4726: 3022: 4804: 4250: 3113: 2355: 2235:"Hollywood Loved Sammy Davis Jr. Until He Dated a White Movie Star" 1791: 1779: 1577: 1512: 1189: 1181: 778: 478: 185: 96: 18: 3892:"Table 60. Married Couples by Race and Hispanic Origin of Spouses" 2814: 2812: 2742:"Table 60. Married Couples by Race and Hispanic Origin of Spouses" 427:

examined whether crossing racial boundaries increased the risk of

247:

faced a backlash for his relationship with a white woman, actress

3972:

Kalmijn, Matthijs (1993). "Trends in Black/White Intermarriage".

1775: 1750: 1749:

Even into the twentieth century, marriage between subcultures of

1604: 1204: 1185: 773: 428: 203: 195:

The first law prohibiting interracial marriage was passed by the

170: 162: 124: 123:, states have repealed their defunct bans, the last of which was 3276:"'The Social Network' on the Lore of Jewish Men and Asian Women" 4869:"Intimate Relationships Between Races More Common Than Thought" 4380: 3574:"Ashkenazi Jews Have Become More Genetically Similar Over Time" 2809: 2567:

The Cambridge Handbook of the International Psychology of Women

1666: 1541: 1535:

Filipino Americans have frequently married Native American and

435: 3308:"Jews and Asians: We Go Together Like Peanut Butter and Jelly" 1732:

were also more likely to date interracially than Protestants.

1318:

won suit for educational discrimination against Asians), with

359: 236: 2945:"Indian-American Scholar Susan Koshy Probes Interracial Sex" 2707:

Roy, Roudi Nazarinia; Rollins, Alethea (December 12, 2018).

1496:

were a prominent interracial couple, shown here at the 2012

1798: 1729: 3258:"The Crucial Need for Jewish and Asian-American Relations" 2947:. INDOlink. Archived from the original on January 30, 2009 2437:

Hwang, Sean-Shong; Saenz, Rogelio and Aguirre, Benigno E.

2406: 1968:"U.S. Approval of Interracial Marriage at New High of 94%" 1389:

White/Black marriages according to the U.S. Census Bureau

4983: 4446: 3503:"Oy Vey! European Jews Are All 30th Cousins, Study Finds" 3171: 1257: 4871:. University of Michigan. March 23, 2000. Archived from 4559:"The Only Religion That Encourages Interracial Marriage" 3925:, 1983. Section 1: Population, file 1982-02.pdf, 170 pp. 3669:

Stulberg, Anthony S. Chen, Lisa M. (November 19, 2022).

3484:"Who Knew? All European Jews Are 30th Cousins or Closer" 3294:"The JewAsian Phenomenon: Raising Jewish-Asian Families" 2629:

Bratter, Jenifer L.; Whitehead, Ellen M. (August 2018).

137:

rose from 5% in the 1950s to 94% in 2021. The number of

3406:

Atzmon G, Clark LN, Lencz T, Pe'er I (September 2014).

3099: 2598:

Ting-Toomey, Stella; Dorjee, Tenzin (August 23, 2018).

1164:

males (11,200), followed by Japanese males (3,500) and

346:

divides, have traditionally played a large role in how

4830: 3652:"Asians get the Ivy League's Jewish treatment: Column" 3240:"Jewish, Asian, American: Welcoming a New Demographic" 2792: 2790: 2564:

Cheung, Fanny M.; Halpern, Diane F. (August 6, 2020).

1785: 342:

The differing ages of individuals, culminating in the

4790: 3524:"Ashkenazi Jews descend from 350 people, study finds" 3007:"Statutory Prohibitions against Interracial Marriage" 2341: 2128: 2126: 176:

Fifty years later, the first interracial marriage in

4495: 4447:

Crowder, Kyle D.; Tolnay, Stewart E. (August 2000).

4341:"Interracial marriage: More accepted, still growing" 3923:"Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1982-83" 3186:"Study of Asian-Jewish Couples Finds Few Tiger Moms" 1720:

or people from other religions" with one exception,

1696: 4678:. LDS Church. 1995. pp. 127–29. Archived from 4308:"Interracial Marriage Seen Gaining Wide Acceptance" 3856:"Aaron Sorkin: The Social Network (Scene 5) Lyrics" 2787: 1989:Parker, Kim; Barrasso, Amanda (February 25, 2021). 1742:, but does not prohibit it. On the other hand, the 4246:"After 40 years, interracial marriage flourishing" 2831: 2188:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 120–125. 2185:The Rural Face of White Supremacy: BEYOND JIM CROW 2163:"Race Relations in Territorial Florida, 1821-1845" 2123: 1126: 1090: 795: 4281:"Most Americans Approve of Interracial Marriages" 3404: 2942: 2909:"Asian Americans and Anti-miscegenation Statutes" 2597: 2014:"America's Oldest City Is Not Where You'd Expect" 1275:concentration, internment, and re-education camps 5234: 3727:"Opinion: Is Harvard Unfair to Asian-Americans?" 3004: 2628: 1240:Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants 434:One consistent finding of this research is that 180:was that of Matoaka, presently better known as “ 4636: 4601: 3059:Asian Americans: contemporary trends and issues 2985:The Library, University of California, Berkeley 2517:"Marital Dissolution Among Interracial Couples" 2109:"Interracial Marriage in 'Post-Racial' America" 2042: 1737:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 4930: 4896:"Degrading Stereotypes Ruin Dating Experience" 4553: 4551: 4159:"Interracial marriage: Who is 'marrying out'?" 4113:. Asian-Nation: The Landscape of Asian America 2229: 2227: 1988: 1832:Race and ethnicity in the United States census 4969: 4597: 4595: 2601:Communicating Across Cultures, Second Edition 2563: 2514: 2384:"An economist solves the mysteries of dating" 1580:, to work on plantations. The U.S. census in 810:Who "Out-Married" by Race/Ethnicity of Spouse 772:There is a notable disparity in the rates of 493:Married couples in the United States in 2010 4574:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 4571: 3689:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2806:Released June 4, 2010; Revised June 15, 2010 2515:Zhang, Yuanting; Van Hook, Jennifer (2009). 2447:, Vol.64, No.2, Nov. 1994, pp. 396-414, and 2218:The Complete Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 2106: 2011: 1822:Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States 1610: 1591: 1530: 1326:, writing his Harvard senior thesis titled, 1298:Notably, test score patterns correlating to 1233: 4548: 2906: 2604:. Guilford Publications. pp. 364–365. 2570:. Cambridge University Press. p. 980. 2224: 2220:. University of Chicago Press. p. 235. 1803:In the United States, rates of interracial 1238:Since at least post-war immigration if not 453: 4976: 4962: 4672:"Lesson 31: Choosing an Eternal Companion" 4592: 4065:"Asian and Native Intermarriage in the US" 2706: 220:, interracial unions were not rare in the 5243:Interracial marriage in the United States 4844: 4531: 4521: 4332: 4275: 4273: 4087: 4085: 4059: 4057: 3948: 3439: 3338: 2938: 2936: 2540: 757: – Percentages for Race and Husband 227:While opposed to slavery, in a speech in 4826: 4824: 4822: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4440: 4299: 3744:Gersen, Jeannie Suk (October 23, 2018). 3668: 3630: 3521: 3398: 3145: 2773: 2107:Viñas-Nelson, Jessica (September 2017). 2074: 1965: 1799:Interracial marriage versus cohabitation 1740:recommends against interracial marriages 1645: 1484: 807:Percentage of all new marriages in 2008 489:marrying a non-Hispanic Black partner). 383: 253: 144: 17: 4213: 4211: 4006: 3971: 3764: 3361:. Pew Research Center. October 1, 2013. 3087:"Virginia Racial Integrity Act of 1924" 2883:Love's Revolution: Interracial Marriage 2593: 2591: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2381: 2215: 2181: 2100: 1966:McCarthy, Justin (September 10, 2021). 1939: 1913: 1367:, they’re smart, they’re not Jewish..." 1316:Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard 1273:after traumatic political events, i.e. 1242:on Christmas, a rise in Jewish-Asian (" 135:Public approval of interracial marriage 5235: 4984:Interracial marriage in North America 4712: 4338: 4305: 4270: 4082: 4054: 3743: 3571: 3500: 3310:. Mixed Asian Media. December 5, 2018. 2933: 2907:Karthikeyan, Hrishi; Chin, Gabriel J. 2667: 2377: 2375: 2373: 1837:Same-sex marriage in the United States 751: – Percentages for Race and Wife 425:Education Resources Information Center 107:, including in marriage, as something 4957: 4819: 4647: 4218:Mays, Dorothy A. (October 26, 2017). 3934: 3928: 3836:from the original on December 2, 2019 3785: 3724: 3631:Bodenner, Chris (December 16, 2015). 3609: 3371: 3339:COOPERMAN, ALAN (November 12, 2013). 3146:Freedman, Samuel G. (June 15, 2012). 2875: 2873: 2736: 2734: 2674:Journal of Comparative Family Studies 2337: 2335: 2333: 2157: 2151: 1343: 415:as a means to advance social status. 4893: 4861: 4217: 4208: 4156: 4041:"About Natality, 2016-2020 expanded" 3649: 3612:"The New Jews of Harvard Admissions" 3341:"What happens when Jews intermarry?" 2879: 2588: 2454: 1940:Coffman, Elesha (January 15, 2011). 1914:Coffman, Elesha (January 15, 2011). 1884: 1882: 1856: 1854: 1852: 418: 367:research conducted on behalf of the 332: 43: Repealed between 1948 and 1967 4747: 4339:Jayson, Sharon (November 7, 2011). 4306:Saulny, Susan (February 16, 2012). 4238: 4111:"Interracial Dating & Marriage" 4102: 3804: 3725:Mounk, Yascha (November 25, 2014). 3552: 3501:Emspak, Jesse (September 9, 2014). 3056: 3005:Irving G. Tragen (September 1944). 2370: 2233:Lanzendorfer, Joy (August 9, 2017) 1786:Immigrants and interracial marriage 1687: 337: 188:chief, who married tobacco planter 13: 4924: 4456:Journal of Marriage and the Family 4108: 3823: 3572:Dolgin, Elie (November 30, 2022). 3392:"The Pew number that matters: 72%" 3168:"Part Asian-American, All Jewish?" 3047:, citing Cal. Stats. 1933, p. 561. 2870: 2731: 2330: 2254:"What is Loving Day? | Loving Day" 2246: 2043:Sheldon Gardner (March 31, 2018). 1682: 1555: 1383: 1260:to Jewish publications. In 2013, 1203:In 1918, there was controversy in 1131: 22:U.S. states, by date of repeal of 14: 5254: 3765:Shapira, Ian (October 28, 2021). 3590: 3534:from the original on June 2, 2019 2819:Pew Social Trends: "Marrying Out" 2382:Fishman, Ray (November 7, 2007). 2012:Cody Cottier (December 4, 2020). 1894:LII / Legal Information Institute 1879: 1849: 1697:Religion and interracial marriage 1641: 1188:" and sold into slavery, and the 5097:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4887: 4784: 4741: 4706: 4686: 4664: 4630: 4565: 4489: 4468:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00792.x 4426: 4406: 4396: 4365: 4133:"Chinese blacks in the Americas" 3937:Journal of Economic Perspectives 3372:Cohen, Haley (August 24, 2023). 3359:"A Portrait of Jewish Americans" 2533:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00582.x 2486:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00491.x 2168:The Florida Historical Quarterly 1314:was legal from 1961-2023 (until 1028:(Hispanics are an ethnic group, 399:Research at the universities of 329:(June 12) in the United States. 4931:Sheryll Cashin (June 6, 2017). 4894:Shim, John (October 22, 2002). 4695:Eternal Marriage Student Manual 4178: 4150: 4125: 4033: 4000: 3965: 3915: 3884: 3866: 3848: 3817: 3798: 3779: 3758: 3737: 3718: 3703: 3697: 3662: 3643: 3624: 3603: 3584: 3565: 3546: 3515: 3494: 3476: 3456: 3384: 3365: 3351: 3332: 3314: 3300: 3286: 3268: 3250: 3232: 3214: 3196: 3178: 3160: 3139: 3128: 3093: 3079: 3050: 2998: 2973: 2900: 2852: 2843: 2700: 2661: 2622: 2557: 2508: 2431: 2314: 2303: 2292: 2276: 2209: 2175: 1127:Interracial marriage by pairing 1091:2010 Pew Research Center Report 796:2008 Pew Research Center Report 83:adopted in 1868. Chief Justice 4007:Doering, Jan (November 2014). 3102:Journal of Marriage and Family 2668:Yancey, George (May 1, 2007). 2635:Journal of Marriage and Family 2521:Journal of Marriage and Family 2344:Journal of Marriage and Family 2134:"Eugenics, Race, and Marriage" 2068: 2036: 2005: 1982: 1959: 1933: 1907: 1310:in Ivy League admissions when 1047:The study found that in 2008: 79:were unconstitutional via the 57:has been legal throughout the 49: Overturned June 12, 1967 1: 4157:Wang, Wendy (June 12, 2015). 3610:Riley, Jason (May 19, 2015). 3190:Chronicle of Higher Education 1842: 1650:Historical data according to 1200:ineligible for citizenship." 1184:in 1680 was classified as a " 788:In 2006, 88% of foreign-born 161:, and Miguel Rodriguez, from 5222:United States Virgin Islands 4715:American Sociological Review 4523:10.1371/journal.pone.0233836 4109:Le, C.N. (October 4, 2008). 3222:"A Jewish-Asian love affair" 3061:. Pine Forge Press. p. 2419:. Newcastle University Press 2243:Retrieved February 23, 2021. 2216:Douglas, Stephen A. (1991). 1215:Roldan v. Los Angeles County 1160:males (12,000), followed by 109:divinely instituted from God 7: 4676:Aaronic Priesthood Manual 3 4373:"The Economist/YouGov Poll" 3788:"Intellectuals at the Gate" 2886:. Temple University Press. 2045:"Piecing together the past" 1815: 997: 980: 947: 930: 897: 880: 847: 830: 703: 656: 609: 562: 515: 401:Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) 10: 5259: 3921:U.S. Bureau of the Census 3890:U.S. Bureau of the Census 2943:Francis C. Assisi (2005). 2880:Root, Maria P. P. (2001). 2740:U.S. Bureau of the Census 1946:Christian Scholar’s Review 1920:Christian Scholar’s Review 1614: 280:(1948), Swedish economist 243:since 1948, in 1957 actor 153:, when Luisa de Ábrego, a 37: Repealed before 1888 5197:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 5115: 4989: 4234:– via Google Books. 3908:October 13, 2012, at the 2965:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2802:January 31, 2016, at the 2758:October 13, 2012, at the 2288:10.1080/10646170490275369 1611:Native American and Black 1592:Native American and White 1574:Emancipation Proclamation 1531:Native American and Asian 1290:University) published by 1234:Jewish and Asian (Jasian) 1015: 806: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 197:Maryland General Assembly 5217:Turks and Caicos Islands 4637:Samuel L. Perry (2015). 4616:10.1177/0192513X14555766 4604:Journal of Family Issues 3897:January 1, 2015, at the 3824:Ackman, William Albert. 3650:Reynolds, Glenn Harlan. 3244:Union for Reform Judaism 2747:January 1, 2015, at the 2713:. Springer. p. 99. 2326:10.1177/0265407599165005 2050:The St. Augustine Record 1771:and America as a whole. 1322:and hedge fund manager, 1210:California Supreme Court 760:Based on these figures: 454:Census Bureau statistics 369:Columbia Business School 311:were struck down by the 302:Civil Rights Act of 1964 90:Respect for Marriage Act 61:since at least the 1967 4833:Social Science Research 4750:American Jewish History 3057:Min, Pyong-Gap (2006). 1320:Pershing Square Capital 309:anti-miscegenation laws 77:anti-miscegenation laws 24:anti-miscegenation laws 5147:British Virgin Islands 4855:10.1006/ssre.2000.0699 3322:"When East Meets East" 2824:June 11, 2016, at the 2783:. U. S. Census Bureau. 2182:Schultz, M.R. (2010). 1654: 1501: 1151:Asian Pacific American 1032:a racial group. E.g.: 319:in a unanimous ruling 273: 101:evangelical Christians 75:(1967) that held that 51: 5087:Saint Kitts and Nevis 4762:10.1353/ajh.2001.0030 4098:. U.S. Census Bureau. 4027:10.1525/sp.2014.13017 3901:, December 15, 2010 ( 3412:Nature Communications 3264:. September 24, 2015. 3011:California Law Review 2751:, December 15, 2010 ( 2686:10.3138/jcfs.38.2.197 1993:. Pew Research Center 1827:Multiracial Americans 1707:Christian nationalism 1649: 1615:Further information: 1586:Chinese Exclusion Act 1498:Tribeca Film Festival 1488: 1300:race and intelligence 1287:Nature Communications 481:is not a race but an 384:Socioeconomic aspects 356:cultural conservatism 257: 184:", the daughter of a 145:Historical background 139:interracial marriages 21: 4875:on February 25, 2008 4561:. Chicago Now. 2016. 4320:on February 20, 2012 3786:Greenberg, Susan H. 3490:. September 9, 2014. 3472:. September 9, 2014. 3378:eJewish Philanthropy 3262:eJewish Philanthropy 3246:. December 14, 2022. 3226:The Jewish Chronicle 2921:on December 27, 2002 2914:University of Dayton 2445:Sociological Inquiry 1890:"Loving v. Virginia" 1862:"Loving v. Virginia" 1279:genetically-affected 1149:states 36% of young 394:Newcastle University 390:socioeconomic status 315:under Chief Justice 229:Charleston, Illinois 157:Hispanic woman from 97:religious principles 55:Interracial marriage 31: No laws passed 5102:Trinidad and Tobago 4997:Antigua and Barbuda 4514:2020PLoSO..1533836M 4384:. March 10–13, 2018 4353:on October 11, 2012 4164:Pew Research Center 3986:10.1093/sf/72.1.119 3959:10.1257/jep.21.2.71 3811:The Times of Israel 3617:Wall Street Journal 3528:The Times of Israel 3424:2014NatCo...5.4835C 3345:Pew Research Center 3328:. October 19, 2016. 3326:Commentary Magazine 3282:. October 13, 2010. 2866:. November 9, 1998. 2864:The Washington Post 2394:on January 25, 2009 1726:Catholic population 1390: 1262:Pew Research Center 1146:The Washington Post 494: 5037:Dominican Republic 4586:10.1111/jssr.12020 4313:The New York Times 4190:www.aaregistry.org 3731:The New York Times 3578:The New York Times 3432:10.1038/ncomms5835 3153:The New York Times 2647:10.1111/jomf.12485 2264:on October 3, 2019 2138:Facing History.org 1655: 1502: 1388: 1372:Fast & Furious 1356:The Social Network 1344:In popular culture 1312:affirmative action 1174:Hispanic Americans 1136:Marriages between 492: 464:U.S. Census Bureau 460:Loving v. Virginia 322:Loving v. Virginia 313:U.S. Supreme Court 294:racial segregation 274: 266:U.S. Supreme Court 261:Loving v. Virginia 207:Zephaniah Kingsley 105:racial segregation 72:Loving v. Virginia 63:U.S. Supreme Court 52: 5230: 5229: 5119:other territories 4610:(15): 2138–2162. 4403:1368430219899482. 4196:on April 13, 2014 3832:. OCLC Research. 3553:Waldman, Shamam. 3469:Los Angeles Times 3072:978-1-4129-0556-5 3037:on April 26, 2019 2893:978-1-56639-826-8 2840:February 16, 2012 2720:978-3-319-96160-6 2611:978-1-4625-3652-8 2577:978-1-108-60218-1 2258:www.lovingday.org 2195:978-0-252-09236-7 1714:Baylor University 1546:Bainbridge Island 1479: 1478: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1025: 1021: 932:Hispanic Husband 811: 746: 745: 419:Marital stability 365:Social enterprise 333:Academic research 113:religious liberty 5250: 5187:Saint Barthélemy 5117:Dependencies and 4990:Sovereign states 4978: 4971: 4964: 4955: 4954: 4950: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4908:on March 4, 2016 4904:. Archived from 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4848: 4828: 4817: 4816: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4710: 4704: 4703: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4682:on July 1, 2012. 4668: 4662: 4661:January 14, 2013 4656: 4645: 4644: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4599: 4590: 4589: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4555: 4546: 4545: 4535: 4525: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4453: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4436:. April 7, 2011. 4430: 4424: 4423: 4422:. April 7, 2011. 4410: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4377: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4349:. Archived from 4336: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4316:. Archived from 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4277: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4258:. April 15, 2007 4242: 4236: 4235: 4215: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4192:. Archived from 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4089: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4061: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3952: 3932: 3926: 3919: 3913: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3792:Inside Higher Ed 3783: 3777: 3776: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3688: 3680: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3443: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3296:. Jewish Boston. 3290: 3284: 3283: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3143: 3137: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3054: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3033:. Archived from 3002: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2964: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2940: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2917:. Archived from 2904: 2898: 2897: 2877: 2868: 2867: 2856: 2850: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2816: 2807: 2794: 2785: 2784: 2777: 2771: 2738: 2729: 2728: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2595: 2586: 2585: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2544: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2474:Family Relations 2469: 2452: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2418: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2390:. Archived from 2379: 2368: 2367: 2339: 2328: 2318: 2312: 2307: 2301: 2296: 2290: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2260:. Archived from 2250: 2244: 2231: 2222: 2221: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2179: 2173: 2172: 2161:(January 1995). 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2130: 2121: 2120: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2091: 2089: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2059: 2057: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2009: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1886: 1877: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1858: 1755:Eastern European 1688:Marriage squeeze 1563:2000 U.S. census 1391: 1387: 1361:Dustin Moskovitz 1281:children on the 1027: 1023: 1016: 809: 804: 803: 756: 750: 495: 491: 373:Mason–Dixon line 338:Cultural aspects 99:. Many Southern 48: 42: 36: 30: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5120: 5118: 5111: 4985: 4982: 4947: 4927: 4925:Further reading 4922: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4901:The Daily Bruin 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4846:10.1.1.536.1348 4829: 4820: 4793:Social Problems 4789: 4785: 4746: 4742: 4727:10.2307/2085270 4711: 4707: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4657: 4648: 4635: 4631: 4600: 4593: 4570: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4549: 4508:(5): e0233836. 4494: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4451: 4445: 4441: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4375: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4337: 4333: 4323: 4321: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4287:August 16, 2007 4279: 4278: 4271: 4261: 4259: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4232: 4216: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4107: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4014:Social Problems 4005: 4001: 3970: 3966: 3950:10.1.1.169.3004 3933: 3929: 3920: 3916: 3910:Wayback Machine 3899:Wayback Machine 3889: 3885: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3822: 3818: 3803: 3799: 3784: 3780: 3772:Washington Post 3763: 3759: 3742: 3738: 3723: 3719: 3704:Lee, Jennifer. 3702: 3698: 3682: 3681: 3667: 3663: 3648: 3644: 3629: 3625: 3608: 3604: 3591:Curry, Andrew. 3589: 3585: 3570: 3566: 3551: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3520: 3516: 3499: 3495: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3403: 3399: 3394:. May 19, 2021. 3390: 3389: 3385: 3370: 3366: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3337: 3333: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3208:Times of Israel 3202: 3201: 3197: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3129: 3098: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3055: 3051: 3040: 3038: 3023:10.2307/3476961 3003: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2958: 2957: 2950: 2948: 2941: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2878: 2871: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2826:Wayback Machine 2817: 2810: 2804:Wayback Machine 2795: 2788: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2760:Wayback Machine 2749:Wayback Machine 2739: 2732: 2721: 2705: 2701: 2666: 2662: 2627: 2623: 2612: 2596: 2589: 2578: 2562: 2558: 2513: 2509: 2470: 2455: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2380: 2371: 2340: 2331: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2293: 2281: 2277: 2267: 2265: 2252: 2251: 2247: 2232: 2225: 2214: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2180: 2176: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2132: 2131: 2124: 2105: 2101: 2087: 2085: 2073: 2069: 2055: 2053: 2041: 2037: 2024: 2022: 2010: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1987: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1964: 1960: 1950: 1948: 1938: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1912: 1908: 1898: 1896: 1888: 1887: 1880: 1870: 1868: 1860: 1859: 1850: 1845: 1818: 1801: 1788: 1712:According to a 1703:Samuel L. Perry 1699: 1690: 1685: 1683:Relevant fields 1644: 1619: 1613: 1598:American Indian 1594: 1558: 1556:Asian and Black 1533: 1494:Grace Hightower 1457:White husband/ 1434:Black husband/ 1386: 1384:Black and White 1346: 1340:during COVID). 1283:autism spectrum 1236: 1162:American Indian 1138:white Americans 1134: 1132:White and Asian 1129: 1093: 1026: 1022: 808: 798: 758: 754: 752: 748: 456: 421: 386: 340: 335: 290:White Americans 286:Black Americans 272:adopted in 1868 245:Sammy Davis Jr. 233:Abraham Lincoln 147: 129:2000 referendum 50: 46: 44: 40: 38: 34: 32: 28: 12: 11: 5: 5256: 5246: 5245: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5207:Sint Eustatius 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5152:Cayman Islands 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5123: 5121: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4973: 4966: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4946:978-0807058275 4945: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4886: 4860: 4839:(2): 289–312. 4818: 4805:10.2307/798587 4799:(4): 386–399. 4783: 4756:(2): 215–230. 4740: 4705: 4685: 4663: 4646: 4629: 4591: 4580:(2): 425–442. 4564: 4547: 4488: 4439: 4425: 4405: 4395: 4364: 4331: 4298: 4269: 4237: 4230: 4207: 4177: 4149: 4124: 4101: 4081: 4053: 4032: 4021:(4): 559–575. 3999: 3980:(1): 119–146. 3964: 3927: 3914: 3883: 3865: 3847: 3816: 3805:Kampeas, Ron. 3797: 3778: 3757: 3751:The New Yorker 3736: 3717: 3696: 3661: 3642: 3623: 3602: 3583: 3564: 3545: 3522:Andrew Tobin. 3514: 3493: 3475: 3455: 3397: 3383: 3364: 3350: 3331: 3313: 3299: 3285: 3267: 3249: 3231: 3213: 3195: 3177: 3159: 3138: 3127: 3114:10.2307/351876 3108:(1): 179–190. 3092: 3078: 3071: 3049: 3017:(3): 269–280. 2997: 2972: 2932: 2899: 2892: 2869: 2851: 2842: 2830: 2808: 2786: 2772: 2730: 2719: 2699: 2680:(2): 197–213. 2660: 2641:(4): 951–962. 2621: 2610: 2587: 2576: 2556: 2507: 2480:(2): 160–171. 2453: 2430: 2405: 2388:Slate magazine 2369: 2356:10.2307/352851 2350:(1): 209–218. 2329: 2313: 2302: 2291: 2275: 2245: 2223: 2208: 2194: 2174: 2150: 2122: 2099: 2075:Sarah Durwin. 2067: 2035: 2004: 1981: 1958: 1932: 1906: 1878: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1817: 1814: 1800: 1797: 1787: 1784: 1698: 1695: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1643: 1642:Public opinion 1640: 1612: 1609: 1593: 1590: 1557: 1554: 1537:Alaskan Native 1532: 1529: 1521:integrationism 1490:Robert De Niro 1477: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1368: 1345: 1342: 1292:Cell (journal) 1271:model minority 1253:New York Times 1235: 1232: 1194:Tarak Nath Das 1192:revolutionary 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1071:2008 and 1980. 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1053: 1043: 1042: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 996: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 982:Asian Husband 979: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 949:Hispanic Wife 946: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 929: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 896: 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 882:Black Husband 879: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 846: 845: 842: 839: 836: 833: 832:White Husband 829: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 812: 797: 794: 790:White Hispanic 786: 785: 782: 770: 766: 753: 747: 744: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 730: 728: 725: 722: 720: 717: 714: 712: 709: 706: 702: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 662: 659: 658:Other Husband 655: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 611:Asian Husband 608: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 565: 564:Black Husband 561: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 517:White Husband 514: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 498: 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