403:
827:
704:
502:
A prescription is formulated for the patient and customization of the IOL's refractive power is done by exposing either the centre or the periphery of the lens to a metered dose of UV light, with the help of a contact lens on the cornea. This exposed part will swell slightly, adjusting the lens surface curvature. Meridional exposure can be done in much the same way to correct for astigmatism. Several exposures can be made for fine tuning, spaced over several days. Once the lens has been optimised a final exposure of the whole lens is made to lock the changes, after which the lens will no longer be adjustable and can be used outdoors.
311:. Manifest refraction is the familiar test where the eye doctor rotates lenses in front of the eye, asking the patient, "Which is better (or clearer), this one or this one?" Corneal topography is considered a more quantitative test, and for purposes of aligning a toric IOL, most surgeons use a measurement called simulated keratometry (SimK), which is calculated by the internal programming of the corneal topography machine, to determine the astigmatic meridian on the surface of the cornea. The astigmatic meridian can also be identified using corneal wavefront technology or paraxial curvature matching.
395:
217:(CLE). During CLEAR, the crystalline lens is extracted and an IOL replaces it in a process that is very similar to cataract surgery: both involve lens replacement, local anesthesia, last approximately 30 minutes, and require making a small incision in the eye for lens insertion. People recover from CLEAR surgery 1â7 days after the operation. During this time, they should avoid strenuous exercise or anything else that significantly raises blood pressure. They should visit their ophthalmologists regularly for several weeks to monitor the IOL implants.
31:
742:
470:, in which one eye is made emmetropic and the other myopic, can partially compensate for the loss of accommodation and enable clear vision at multiple distances. More versatile types of lenses (multifocal and accommodating IOLs) were introduced in 2003 in the United States, with the approval by the Food and Drug Administration. These come at an additional cost to the recipient beyond what Medicare will pay and each has advantages and disadvantages.
498:
taken while a patient still has cataracts, and they cannot account for minuscule shifts that occur during healing. An adjustable IOL allows surgeons to implant it and then, once healing is complete, use an ultraviolet light delivery device to fine tune it until it suits the patient. An early example being the (RxSight) Light
Adjustable Lens (LAL).
90:
613:
images of the multifocal lens which cause the halo effect. When matched correctly to the eye, these lenses are intended to have little effect on distance vision, and improve middle distance and near vision. In practice they have been satisfactory for intermediate distances, but not good enough for near vision.
539:, using hinges at both ends to "latch on" and move forward and backward inside the eye using the same nerves and musculature as normal accommodation. These IOLs have a 4.5-mm square-edged optic and a long hinged plate design with polyimide loops at the end of the haptics. The hinges are made of an advanced
801:
The appropriate refractive power of the IOL is selected, much like a spectacle lens prescription, to provide the desired refractive outcome. Pre-operative measurements, including corneal curvature, axial length, and white-to-white measurements are used to estimate the required power of the IOL. These
287:
Toric IOLs must be of the correct power and aligned inside the eye on a meridian that counteracts the preexisting astigmatism. One of the causes of unsatisfactory refractory correction is that the lens may be incorrectly placed by the surgeon, or rotate inside the eye if is too short, which may occur
228:
procedure (LASIK), a form of eye surgery that does not work for people with serious vision problems. Effective IOL implants also eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses post-surgery for most patients. Cataracts will not appear or return, as the lens has been removed. The disadvantage is that
599:
Standard toric IOLs are monofocal, permanently focused on distant objects. Multifocal toric IOLs are also available. These lenses provide the patient not only with correction of preexisting astigmatism, but also with vision that can focus at far and short distances, including short reading distance.
501:
The eyes and lenses must not be exposed to random ultraviolet light before and during the adjustment process, and protective glasses must be worn from the operation until the lens is locked. When the eye has healed, which is usually 2 to 4 weeks after IOL implantation, refraction adjustment is done.
497:
An adjustable IOL is unlike any other lens as its prescription power can be adjusted after surgery once all healing is complete. All other IOLs require surgeons to use pre-surgery measurements to determine a patient's post-surgery lens power. The drawback of this is that pre-surgery measurements are
174:
IOL implantation carries several risks associated with eye surgeries, such as infection, loosening of the lens, lens rotation, inflammation, nighttime halos and retinal detachment. Though IOLs enable many patients to have reduced dependence on glasses, most patients still rely on glasses for certain
550:
has two hinged struts on opposite edges which displace the lens along the optical axis when an inward transverse force is applied to the haptic loops at the outer ends of the struts (the components transferring the movement of the contact points to the device), and it springs back when the force is
488:
People who have a multifocal IOL after their cataract is removed may be less likely to need additional glasses compared with people who have standard monofocal lenses. However, people receiving multifocal lenses may experience more visual problems than with monofocal lenses. The most common adverse
608:
Extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) is an intraocular lens technology for treating presbyopia. Where multifocal IOLs have two or more focal points, EDOF lenses form a single elongated focal point to enhance depth of focus. The intention is to reduce glare, halos, and other photic phenomena which occur
635:
Phakic IOLs (PIOLs) are intraocular lenses which are placed in an eye that still contains a natural human crystalline lens. PIOLs are sometimes referred to as an 'implantable contact lenses' (ICLs). As with other IOLs, PIOLs can be either spheric or toric. Toric PIOLs have to be aligned with the
612:
The principle on which they work is to form a single, axially elongated focal point, unlike monofocal lenses which have a single focal point, and multifocal lenses which have two or more stacked discrete focal points. The elongated zone of focus is intended to prevent the overlapped out-of-focus
484:
Multifocal IOLs attempt to provide simultaneous viewing of distance vision and near vision. Trifocal IOLs can provide intermediate vision in addition. Many multifocal IOL designs attempt to achieve this simultaneous viewing focus using a concentric ring design, which alternates distance and near
688:
A Cochrane Review found little evidence of important differences between blueâlight filtering and nonâblueâlight filtering lenses for protecting the macula (back of the eye) after cataract surgery. This may have been due to studies being too small and too shortâterm to provide reliable results.
664:, placed in the posterior chamber in front of the natural crystalline lens. This type of PIOLs is gaining more and more popularity. They have special vaulting so as not to be in contact with the normal lens. The main complication with older versions was a small possibility of cataract formation.
166:
As of 2021, nearly 28 million cataract procedures take place annually worldwide, a large proportion in India. That is about 75,000 procedures per day globally. The procedure can be done under local or topical anesthesia with the patient awake throughout the operation. The use of a flexible IOL
325:
Severe myopia or hyperopia with coexisting presbyopia are the primary indicators for refractive lens exchange (RLE), as RLE leads to complete loss of accommodation. Underlying regular astigmatism can also be managed by RLE, even beyond the scope of corneal incisional techniques, by toric lens
385:
Many aphakic and pseudophakic IOLs such as anterior chamber IOLs or 3 piece posterior chamber IOLs can be used interchangeably. The exception are one piece IOLs, which must be placed within the capsular bag at the time of cataract surgery and hence cannot be used as secondary implants.
326:
implants. Marginal indications for RLE are presbyopia without ametropia, using a multifocal lens implant, presbyopia with underlying astigmatism, and prepresbyopoa hyperopia of from +5 to +10 D not amenable to keratorefractive surgery or phakic IOL due to a shallow anterior chamber.
609:
with multifocal IOLs. A possible drawback is decrease in image quality due to aberrations. EDOF IOLs have often been combined with multifocus designs, which has caused some confusion. It has been suggested that lenses combining more than one optical design be termed "hybrid IOLs".
366:
is the absence of the natural crystalline lens. The aphakic state is usually due to surgery to remove a cataractous lens, but post-surgical aphakia is rare nowadays because of the ubiquity of intraocular lenses. Rarely, aphakia can be post-traumatic or congenital in nature.
591:, toric IOLs have different powers in different meridians of the lens, and they must be positioned on the correct meridian to reverse the preexisting astigmatism. If the toric IOL is not on the correct meridian, it may need to be repositioned in a second procedure.
220:
CLEAR has a 90% success rate (risks include wound leakage, infection, inflammation, and astigmatism). CLEAR can be performed only on patients ages 40 and older. This is to ensure that eye growth, which disrupts IOL lenses, will not occur post-surgery.
171:, and the recovery period is about 2â3 weeks. After surgery, patients should avoid strenuous exercise or anything else that significantly increases blood pressure. They should visit their ophthalmologists regularly for 3 weeks to monitor the implants.
334:
Complications of RLE are similar to those after cataract surgery, but with the difference that RLE is often used in very short or very long eyes and patientsâ ages tend to be significantly lower, so consideration must be given to longer term effects.
676:
Blue light filtering IOLs filter the UV and high-energy blue light present in natural and artificial light, both of which can cause vision problems; however, too much filtering of blue light can increase depression, especially in the winter months
772:
and acrylic polymers, both of which are soft foldable inert materials. This allows the lens to be folded and inserted into the eye through a smaller incision. Specifically, acrylic lenses are a better choice in people who have a history of
656:, attached by claws to the mid-peripheral iris by a technique called enclavation. It is believed to have a lesser effect on corneal endothelium. The main complication with this type is their tendency to cause endothelial cell reduction.
793:. A study found that in participants with a history of uveitis, eyes treated with hydrophobic acrylic IOLs were over twice as likely to have a best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or more, compared to eyes treated with silicone IOLs.
681:). The trademarked "Natural Yellow" material is available in three hydrophilic IOLs. Dr. Patrick H. Benz of Benz Research and Development created the first IOL material to incorporate the same UV-A blocking and violet light filtering
445:
Monofocal IOLs are standard lenses used in cataract surgery. One of the major disadvantages of these conventional IOLs is that they can only be focused for one particular distance â either optical infinity (rendering the eye
167:
enables the lens to be rolled for insertion into the capsular bag through a very small incision, thus avoiding the need for stitches. This procedure usually takes less than 30 minutes in the hands of an experienced
520:). However, many accommodating IOLs used today only achieve a very limited improvements in near vision which reduced over time. Accommodative intraocular lenses may also have a slightly higher risk of developing
162:
that provides multiple-focused vision at far and reading distance, and adaptive IOLs that provide limited visual accommodation. Multifocal IOLs can also be trifocal IOLs or extended depth of focus (EDOF) lenses.
295:
When standard IOLs are implanted with a CLEAR procedure, in substitution of the patient's crystalline, astigmatism is typically not corrected, as astigmatism is mainly attributable to a deformation of the
462:(change focus from near to far, far to near, and to distances in between). This is not a concern for most cataract surgeries, as they are primarily performed on elderly people that are already completely
878:
As of 2021, approximately four million cataract procedures take place annually in the U.S. and nearly 28 million worldwide, a large proportion in India. That is about 75,000 procedures per day globally.
466:. However, it can be a problem for patients that are not yet presbyopic (or are in the early stages of presbyopia) undergoing refractive lens exchange for the sake of correcting refractive errors.
150:
IOLs usually consist of a small plastic lens with plastic side struts, called haptics, to hold the lens in place in the capsular bag inside the eye. IOLs were originally made of a rigid material (
2261:
814:
of 6/7.5 (20/25) when targeted for distance) in 55% of cases and within one dioptre (correlates to 6/12 (20/40) when targeted for distance) in 85% of cases. Developments in intra-operative
2139:
Belluci R. An
Introduction to Intraocular Lenses: Material, Optics, Haptics, Design and Aberration. In: GĂźell JL (ed): Cataract. ESASO Course Series. Basel, Karger, 2013, vol 3, pp 38â55
660:
875:
The intraocular lens did not find widespread acceptance in cataract surgery until the 1970s, when further developments in lens design and surgical techniques had come about.
587:
and thus may be candidates for a toric IOL. Cataract surgery with implantation of a toric IOL is essentially the same as cataract surgery with a conventional IOL. Like toric
995:
GĂźell JL, Morral M, Kook D, Kohnen T (November 2010). "Phakic intraocular lenses part 1: historical overview, current models, selection criteria, and surgical techniques".
1093:
648:, placed in the anterior chamber. They are notorious for their negative impact on the corneal endothelial lining, which is vital for maintaining a healthy clear cornea.
2323:
524:(PCO), though there is some uncertainty around this finding. PCO is a common side-effect of many cataract surgeries and is easily treatable with a one-time laser
621:
have been used to produce the elongated focal zone. In effect, accurate focus at any distance is compromised to achieve less noticeable blur at all distances.
428:). A less-common type of intraocular lens, which is sometimes used if a PCIOL is not an option for a patient or if the situation requires a phakic IOL (PIOL).
377:
is the substitution of the natural crystalline lens with an IOL, as is often done after cataract extraction or less often to correct major refractive error.
802:
methods include several formulae, including Hagis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, and SRK/T. Free online calculators use similar input data. A history of
762:
1038:
Sanders D, Vukich JA (December 2006). "Comparison of implantable collamer lens (ICL) and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for low myopia".
2253:
1499:
360:) refers to an intraocular lens implanted without removal of the original crystalline lens, and this is performed solely to correct refractive error.
265:
0.03â0.05% eye infection risk, which in worst case can lead to blindness. (This risk exists in all eye surgery procedures and is not unique to IOLs.)
289:
685:
that's present in the human crystalline lens in order to attempt to protect the retina after cataract extraction of the natural crystalline lens.
2292:
2009:"Early clinical outcomes of implantation of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with a central hole (Hole ICL) for moderate to high myopia"
46:
1260:
2149:
AliĂł JL, Chipont E, BenEzra D, Fakhry MA (December 2002). "Comparative performance of intraocular lenses in eyes with cataract and uveitis".
1782:
818:
have demonstrated power calculations that provide improved outcomes, yielding 80% of patients within 0.5 dioptres (7/7.5 (20/25) or better).
489:
visual effects from multifocal IOLs include glare, halos (rings around lights), and a loss of contrast sensitivity in low-light conditions.
1638:
850:
175:
activities, such as reading. These reading glasses may be avoided in some cases if multifocal IOLs, trifocal IOLs or EDOF lenses are used.
418:). This is by far the most common type of implanted lens after cataract surgery, as this is the natural and optimum position for a lens.
806:
requires different calculations to take this into account. Refractive results using power calculation formulae based on pre-operative
930:
725:
intraocular lenses may form PCOs a few months after implantation. They are easily treatable, and typically only require a one-time
229:
the eye's ability to change focus (accommodate) has generally been reduced or eliminated, depending on the kind of lens implanted.
485:
focal points. However, concentric ring multifocal lenses are prone to glare and mildly compromised focus at all ranges of vision.
1615:
Jain, Sneha; Patel, Alpa S.; Tripathy, Koushik; DelMonte, Derek W; Baartman, Brandon (3 October 2022). DelMonte, Derek W (ed.).
1085:
826:
1883:"Combination of Toric and multifocal intraocular lens implantation in bilateral cataract patients with unilateral astigmatism"
1690:
636:
meridian of astigmatism; toric IOL misalignment or rotation can lead to residual or even greater astigmatism postoperatively.
158:. Most IOLs fitted today are fixed monofocal lenses matched to distance vision. However, other types are available, such as a
1991:
437:
Pseudophakic IOLs are lenses implanted during cataract surgery, immediately after removal of the patient's crystalline lens.
555:, where the contractions of the ciliary body which would focus the eye with the natural lens are used to focus the implant.
1720:
402:
2315:
292:
has a slightly oval shape. If misaligned, preexisting astigmatism may not be corrected completely or may even increase.
307:
The surgeon can ascertain the astigmatic, or steepest, meridian in a number of ways, including manifest refraction or
1474:
1434:
1755:
644:
2485:
1366:"Excimer laser refractive surgery versus phakic intraocular lenses for the correction of moderate to high myopia"
838:
715:
139:
lens (or false lens). Both kinds of IOLs are designed to provide the same light-focusing function as the natural
381:
refers to a lens implanted during cataract surgery, immediately after removal of the patient's crystalline lens.
516:
Some newer lens designs attempt to allow the eye to regain some ability to change focus from distance to near (
652:
1639:"Accommodative intraocular lens versus standard monofocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery"
1523:"Optical bench performance of AcrySof(ÂŽ) IQ ReSTOR(ÂŽ), AT LISA(ÂŽ) tri, and FineVision(ÂŽ) intraocular lenses"
1491:
668:
In 2006, a centrally perforated ICL (i.e., the Hole-ICL) was created to improve aqueous humour circulation.
2652:
1728:
232:
Some of the risks that were found in the early 2000s during a three-year study of the
Artisan lenses were:
1490:
Vicchrilli, Sue; Glasser, David B.; McNett, Cherie; Burke, Mara Pearse; Repka, Michael X. (October 2018).
1454:
1414:
888:
678:
511:
479:
159:
703:
546:
An accommodating lens made by
Eyeonics, now Bausch & Lomb, was approved by the US FDA in 2003. The
2642:
2284:
1310:
872:
reaction, and deduced that the transparent material was inert and useful for implantation in the eye.
543:
called BioSil that was thoroughly tested to make sure it was capable of unlimited flexing in the eye.
750:
707:
A posterior capsular opacity (PCO) around a posterior chamber IOL (as seen on retroillumination in a
576:
151:
718:(PCO), often referred to as "after cataract", is the most common complication of cataract surgery.
53:
2285:"SRK/T Formula: A Review: A combination of linear regression method with a theoretical eye model"
1829:
1119:
698:
630:
371:
refers to a lens implanted secondarily in an eye already aphakic from previous surgery or trauma.
351:
196:
130:
2657:
1159:"Clinical Outcomes after Binocular Implantation of a New Trifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lens"
853:
842:
831:
1616:
394:
320:
214:
782:
639:
Depending on their attachment site to the eye, PIOLs can be divided into three categories:
614:
2510:
2460:
1859:
8:
2056:
Downie LE, Busija L, Keller PR, et al. (Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group) (May 2018).
924:
517:
459:
237:
1666:
1390:
1365:
398:
Before surgery (natural crystalline lens, left). After surgery (implanted PCIOL, right).
2616:
2591:
2412:
2395:
2371:
2346:
2218:
2193:
2174:
2082:
2057:
2038:
1959:
1934:
1907:
1882:
1810:
1597:
1549:
1522:
1466:
1457:. In Spaeth, George L.; Danesh-Meyer, Helen V.; Goldberg, Ivan; Kampik, Anselm (eds.).
1426:
1346:
1288:
1231:
1206:
1183:
1158:
1063:
1020:
786:
454:). Patients who undergo a standard IOL implantation no longer experience clouding from
308:
244:
154:), although this has largely been superseded by the use of flexible materials, such as
126:
2162:
1798:
224:
Once implanted, IOLs have three major benefits. First, they are an alternative to the
2621:
2417:
2376:
2223:
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2122:
2087:
2030:
2025:
1987:
1964:
1912:
1802:
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1601:
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1554:
1470:
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1395:
1338:
1330:
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1280:
1236:
1127:
1055:
1012:
274:
192:
41:
2042:
1350:
1276:
1067:
1024:
199:(PIOL), as it is implanted without removing the patient's natural crystalline lens.
2611:
2603:
2407:
2366:
2358:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2178:
2158:
2114:
2077:
2073:
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2020:
1954:
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1272:
1226:
1222:
1218:
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1170:
1047:
1004:
912:
846:
749:
The materials that have been used to manufacture intraocular lens implants include
618:
572:
89:
841:
was the first to successfully implant an intraocular lens on 29 November 1949, at
2662:
2607:
2105:
Wormstone IM, Wang L, Liu CS (February 2009). "Posterior capsule opacification".
1950:
1732:
1585:
1309:
Kohnen, Thomas; Kook, Daniel; Morral, Merce; GĂźell, Jose Luis (1 December 2010).
1157:
Kretz FT, Breyer D, Diakonis VF, Klabe K, Henke F, Auffarth GU, Kaymak H (2017).
1051:
857:
552:
168:
59:
1945:(3). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Open Access: 194â202.
2118:
1783:"Toric intraocular lenses: correcting astigmatism while controlling axis shift"
1326:
1008:
532:
343:
Implants can be used with or without removal of the natural crystalline lens:
2058:"Blue-light filtering intraocular lenses (IOLs) for protecting macular health"
1933:
Kanclerz, Piotr; Toto, Francesca; Grzybowski, Andrzej; Alio, Jorge L. (2020).
1174:
2636:
1334:
906:
811:
803:
765:. PMMA was the first material to be used successfully in intraocular lenses.
741:
183:
Intraocular lenses have been used since 1999 for correcting larger errors in
106:
30:
2436:"Alcon Official Site: Developing Innovative Eye Care Treatments | Alcon.com"
2008:
2000:
1898:
1572:
Dick HB, Gerste RD (November 2021). "Future
Intraocular Lens Technologies".
856:(PMMA) made by ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries). Ridley had observed that
2647:
2625:
2421:
2380:
2227:
2170:
2126:
2091:
2034:
1968:
1916:
1675:
1593:
1558:
1399:
1342:
1284:
1240:
1131:
1059:
1016:
900:
869:
865:
834:â site of first permanent insertion of an intraocular lens, 8 February 1950
730:
588:
2362:
1806:
1721:"New Device Approval â CrystaLens Model AT-45 Accommodating IOL â P030002"
1492:"Premium IOLsâA Legal and Ethical Guide to Billing Medicare Beneficiaries"
1207:"Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction"
726:
682:
584:
525:
140:
2254:"Achieving Better Outcomes Using Free Online Post-LASIK IOL Calculators"
1539:
147:, but LASIK is not an alternative to an IOL for treatment of cataracts.
2194:"Types of intraocular lenses for cataract surgery in eyes with uveitis"
861:
807:
778:
564:
467:
463:
447:
2536:
1118:
Moshirfar, Majid; Milner, Dallin; Patel, Bhupendra C. (21 June 2022).
921: â Intraocular lens system to compensate for macular degeneration
909: â Tearing an opening in the lens capsule during cataract surgery
1205:
de Silva SR, Evans JR, Kirthi V, Ziaei M, Leyland M (December 2016).
815:
781:
with replacement by silicone oil, such as persons with proliferative
708:
455:
188:
122:
114:
110:
1415:"1 - Terminology, classification, and history of refractive surgery"
79:
769:
758:
754:
540:
268:
251:
155:
2561:
283:
rotation of the lens inside the eye one or two days after surgery.
894:
868:
involving PMMA windshield material did not show any rejection or
774:
536:
363:
213:(CLEAR) surgery, also known as refractive lens exchange (RLE) or
67:
2007:
Shimizu, K; Kamiya, K; Igarashi, A; Shiratani, T (March 2012).
1774:
918:
790:
568:
451:
304:
may be used during the CLEAR procedure to correct astigmatism.
297:
184:
118:
2590:
Xia, Tina; Martinez, Christine E.; Tsai, Linda M. (May 2020).
2006:
1756:"Crystalens: The First Accommodating Intraocular Lens Implant"
1311:"Phakic intraocular lenses: Part 2: Results and complications"
129:. If the natural lens is left in the eye, the IOL is known as
580:
225:
203:
144:
1489:
1254:
1252:
1250:
2316:"Intraoperative Wavefront Aberrometry: Wave of the Future?"
777:
or are likely to have to undergo retinal surgery requiring
314:
1932:
1261:"Extended depth-of-focus technology in intraocular lenses"
810:
leave people within 0.5 dioptres of target (correlates to
2435:
1614:
1247:
2148:
1406:
1204:
1156:
891: â Eyeglasses with manually adjustable focal length
1935:"Extended Depth-of-Field Intraocular Lenses: An Update"
1520:
1448:
1446:
1259:
Kohnen, Thomas; Suryakumar, Rajaraman (February 2020).
2592:"Update on Intraocular Lens Formulas and Calculations"
1928:
1926:
16:
Lens implanted in the eye to treat cataracts or myopia
1830:"IOL Implants: Lens Replacement and Cataract Surgery"
1308:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
994:
768:
Advances in technology have brought about the use of
2465:
Intraocular lens manufacturers | Eyekon
Medical, Inc
1860:"Astigmatism and Cataract? A Toric IOL Can Fix Both"
1461:(Fourth ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 187â191.
1443:
1117:
521:
288:
if the eye was incorrectly measured, or because the
1923:
1781:Shimizu, K; Misawa, A; Suzuki, Y (September 1994).
1780:
1304:
1302:
583:procedure. About 40% of Americans have significant
350:is the presence of the natural crystalline lenses.
206:(LASIK) in those with significant nearsightedness.
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2055:
1880:
1191:
692:
254:(other studies have shown a risk of 0.5â1.0%), and
1632:
1630:
1126:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
2634:
2406:(1). Missouri State Medical Association: 58â62.
2191:
2104:
1691:"Accommodating IOLs: Design, Technique, Results"
1413:Poothullil, Antony M.; Azar, Dimitri T. (2007).
1299:
1258:
1079:
1077:
796:
450:) or a fixed finite distance (rendering the eye
117:or for correcting other vision problems such as
2589:
2234:
1521:Carson D, Hill WE, Hong X, Karakelle M (2014).
849:company of Brighton, East Sussex, England from
1713:
1627:
1412:
915: â Removal of opacified lens from the eye
1762:. University of Rochester Flaum Eye Institute
1636:
1074:
1037:
845:at London. That lens was manufactured by the
2098:
1874:
1787:Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
1565:
1315:Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
1265:Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
1113:
1111:
1086:"Future of cataract surgery seems promising"
671:
2198:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2192:Leung TG, Lindsley K, Kuo IC (March 2014).
2062:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1981:
1646:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1459:Ophthalmic Surgery: Principles and Practice
1370:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1363:
1211:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1031:
988:
2387:
2307:
2251:
2151:Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
1881:Liang JL, Tian F, Zhang H, Teng H (2016).
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1682:
1608:
1571:
1452:
1084:Lindstrom, Richard L. (10 February 2021).
997:Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
903: â Lenses placed on the eye's surface
603:
29:
2615:
2411:
2370:
2217:
2081:
2024:
1958:
1906:
1665:
1548:
1538:
1421:(Second ed.). Mosby. pp. 1â18.
1389:
1357:
1230:
1182:
1108:
1083:
933: â Complication of cataract surgery,
2344:
1152:
1150:
1148:
825:
740:
702:
401:
393:
315:Indications for refractive lens exchange
202:Phakic IOL appear to be lower risk than
88:
1857:
1844:
1637:Ong HS, Evans JR, Allan BD (May 2014).
575:. Astigmatism can also be treated with
2635:
1975:
1887:International Journal of Ophthalmology
1747:
1514:
897: â Absence of the lens of the eye
551:reduced. It is implanted in the eye's
389:
209:More commonly, IOLs are implanted via
195:eyes. This type of IOL is also called
35:A posterior chamber IOL (with haptics)
2596:Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology
2393:
2326:from the original on 26 February 2023
2322:. American Academy of Ophthalmology.
2313:
2295:from the original on 11 February 2023
2276:
2264:from the original on 11 February 2023
2185:
1939:Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology
1688:
1617:"Light Adjustable Intraocular lenses"
1502:from the original on 21 February 2023
1453:Kook, Daniel; Kohnen, Thomas (2012).
1145:
1096:from the original on 16 February 2023
699:Cataract surgery § Complications
211:Clear Lens Extraction And Replacement
2351:The British Journal of Ophthalmology
2142:
1827:
1821:
1623:. American Academy of Ophthalmology.
722:
432:
143:lens. This can be an alternative to
2396:"The Evolution of Cataract Surgery"
2394:Davis, G. (JanuaryâFebruary 2016).
1832:. American Academy of Ophthalmology
721:In a small percentage of patients,
594:
113:usually as part of a treatment for
13:
2583:
2282:
2252:Goldsberry, Dennis H. (May 2012).
1753:
1467:10.1016/B978-1-4377-2250-5.00031-X
1427:10.1016/B978-0-323-03599-6.50063-8
927: â Method of cataract surgery
492:
338:
280:remaining near or far sightedness,
14:
2674:
937:
931:Uveitisâglaucomaâhyphema syndrome
531:Accommodating IOLs interact with
2026:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300148
1986:(3rd ed.). Mosby Elsevier.
1364:Barsam A, Allan BD (June 2014).
505:
329:
2554:
2529:
2503:
2478:
2453:
2428:
2338:
2314:Roach, Linda (September 2013).
2133:
2049:
1483:
1455:"31 - Refractive lens exchange"
1277:10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000109
716:Posterior capsule opacification
693:Posterior capsule opacification
522:posterior capsule opacification
406:An anterior chamber IOL (ACIOL)
178:
2345:Williams HP (September 2001).
2210:10.1002/14651858.CD007284.pub2
2074:10.1002/14651858.CD011977.pub2
1658:10.1002/14651858.CD009667.pub2
1382:10.1002/14651858.CD007679.pub4
1223:10.1002/14651858.CD003169.pub4
624:
257:0.4% risk of corneal swelling.
1:
2163:10.1016/s0886-3350(02)01452-9
1799:10.1016/S0886-3350(13)80232-5
1417:. In Azar, Dimitri T. (ed.).
981:
797:Selection of refractive power
473:
236:a yearly loss of 1.8% of the
2608:10.1097/APO.0000000000000293
2515:Johnson & Johnson Vision
2347:"Sir Harold Ridley's vision"
1951:10.1097/APO.0000000000000296
1858:Heiting G (September 2016).
1729:Food and Drug Administration
1689:Slade, Stephen (July 2005).
1586:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.12.025
1052:10.1097/ICO.0b013e31802cbf3c
789:, such as persons with high
736:
567:used to correct preexisting
440:
7:
1982:Yanoff M, Duker JS (2009).
1828:Boyd K (16 November 2016).
889:Adjustable-focus eyeglasses
882:
785:or who are at high risk of
761:, hydrophilic acrylate and
571:astigmatism at the time of
512:Multifocal intraocular lens
480:Multifocal intraocular lens
160:multifocal intraocular lens
10:
2679:
2119:10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.016
1327:10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.10.007
1009:10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.08.014
821:
745:Acrylic MICS-IOL in holder
696:
628:
509:
477:
318:
301:
2107:Experimental Eye Research
1175:10.1002/14651858.CD012648
751:poly(methyl methacrylate)
672:Blue-light filtering IOLs
577:limbal relaxing incisions
563:A toric IOL is a type of
458:, but they are unable to
76:
66:
52:
40:
28:
23:
2562:"Home EN - Morcher GmbH"
1163:Journal of Ophthalmology
558:
1899:10.18240/ijo.2016.12.11
1695:Review of Ophthalmology
631:Phakic intraocular lens
604:Extended depth-of-focus
528:procedure (see below).
197:phakic intraocular lens
1760:www.urmc.rochester.edu
1527:Clinical Ophthalmology
854:polymethylmethacrylate
835:
746:
712:
661:Sulcus-supported PIOLs
407:
399:
94:
2511:"IOLs & Implants"
2363:10.1136/bjo.85.9.1022
960:Johnson & Johnson
860:pilots who sustained
829:
744:
706:
645:Angle-supported PIOLs
412:Posterior chamber IOL
405:
397:
321:Clear lens extraction
261:Other risks include:
215:clear lens extraction
204:excimer laser surgery
92:
2541:Rayner : Global
2486:"Intraocular Lenses"
1862:. AllAboutVision.com
1124:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1090:occular surgery news
816:wavefront technology
783:diabetic retinopathy
615:Spherical aberration
422:Anterior chamber IOL
135:, otherwise it is a
2653:Implants (medicine)
1735:on 29 December 2008
1540:10.2147/OPTH.S66760
925:Phacoemulsification
843:St Thomas' Hospital
832:St Thomas' Hospital
729:procedure (using a
390:Location of implant
2461:"Intraocular Lens"
2289:crstodayeurope.com
2258:crstodayeurope.com
1701:on 17 October 2006
1419:Refractive Surgery
1120:"Cataract Surgery"
836:
787:retinal detachment
747:
713:
653:Iris-fixated PIOLs
408:
400:
309:corneal topography
245:retinal detachment
127:refractive surgery
95:
2643:Corrective lenses
2490:www.bausch.com.my
1993:978-0-323-04332-8
1893:(12): 1766â1771.
1580:(11): e206âe213.
977:
970:
963:
956:
953:Bausch & Lomb
839:Sir Harold Ridley
723:posterior chamber
433:Pseudophakic IOLs
238:endothelial cells
119:short sightedness
109:implanted in the
87:
86:
68:OPS-301 code
2670:
2629:
2619:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2517:. 24 August 2022
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2249:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2157:(12): 2096â108.
2146:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2028:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1855:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1731:. Archived from
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1697:. Archived from
1686:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1256:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1217:(12): CD003169.
1202:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1154:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1035:
1029:
1028:
992:
972:
965:
958:
943:
913:Cataract surgery
595:Multifocal toric
573:cataract surgery
379:Pseudophakic IOL
123:long sightedness
99:intraocular lens
80:edit on Wikidata
62:
33:
24:Intraocular lens
21:
20:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2633:
2632:
2586:
2584:Further reading
2581:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2566:www.morcher.com
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2392:
2388:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2320:EyeNet Magazine
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2283:Straub, Laura.
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2235:
2204:(3): CD007284.
2190:
2186:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2103:
2099:
2068:(5): CD011977.
2054:
2050:
2013:Br J Ophthalmol
2005:
2001:
1994:
1980:
1976:
1931:
1924:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1856:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1826:
1822:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1754:MacRae, Scott.
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1687:
1683:
1652:(5): CD009667.
1641:
1635:
1628:
1613:
1609:
1570:
1566:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1496:EyeNet Magazine
1488:
1484:
1477:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1411:
1407:
1376:(6): CD007679.
1362:
1358:
1307:
1300:
1257:
1248:
1203:
1192:
1155:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1116:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1082:
1075:
1046:(10): 1139â46.
1036:
1032:
1003:(11): 1976â93.
993:
989:
984:
940:
885:
858:Royal Air Force
824:
799:
739:
701:
695:
674:
633:
627:
606:
597:
561:
533:ciliary muscles
514:
508:
495:
493:Adjustable lens
482:
476:
443:
435:
392:
341:
339:Type of surgery
332:
323:
317:
181:
169:ophthalmologist
83:
58:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2631:
2630:
2602:(3): 186â193.
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2553:
2528:
2502:
2477:
2452:
2427:
2386:
2357:(9): 1022â23.
2337:
2306:
2291:. CRSTEurope.
2275:
2260:. CRSTEurope.
2233:
2184:
2141:
2132:
2097:
2048:
2019:(3): 409â412.
1999:
1992:
1974:
1922:
1873:
1843:
1820:
1793:(5): 523â526.
1773:
1746:
1712:
1681:
1626:
1607:
1564:
1513:
1482:
1475:
1442:
1435:
1405:
1356:
1298:
1271:(2): 298â304.
1246:
1190:
1144:
1107:
1073:
1030:
986:
985:
983:
980:
979:
978:
939:
938:Makers of IOLs
936:
935:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
884:
881:
823:
820:
798:
795:
757:, hydrophobic
738:
735:
733:) to clarify.
694:
691:
673:
670:
666:
665:
657:
649:
629:Main article:
626:
623:
619:pinhole effect
605:
602:
596:
593:
589:contact lenses
560:
557:
510:Main article:
507:
504:
494:
491:
478:Main article:
475:
472:
442:
439:
434:
431:
430:
429:
419:
391:
388:
383:
382:
372:
361:
340:
337:
331:
328:
319:Main article:
316:
313:
285:
284:
281:
278:
272:
266:
259:
258:
255:
248:
241:
180:
177:
85:
84:
77:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
56:
50:
49:
44:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2675:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Ophthalmology
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2542:
2538:
2537:"Rayner IOLs"
2532:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2441:
2440:www.alcon.com
2437:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2113:(2): 257â69.
2112:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1984:Ophthalmology
1978:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:Ophthalmology
1568:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1533:: 2105â2113.
1532:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1478:
1476:9781437722505
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1447:
1438:
1436:9780323035996
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:(5): 962891.
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
987:
975:
968:
961:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
907:Capsulorhexis
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
886:
880:
876:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
852:
848:
844:
840:
833:
828:
819:
817:
813:
812:visual acuity
809:
805:
804:LASIK surgery
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
743:
734:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
710:
705:
700:
690:
686:
684:
680:
669:
663:
662:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
646:
642:
641:
640:
637:
632:
622:
620:
616:
610:
601:
592:
590:
586:
582:
581:excimer laser
578:
574:
570:
566:
556:
554:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
518:accommodation
513:
506:Accommodating
503:
499:
490:
486:
481:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
438:
427:
423:
420:
417:
413:
410:
409:
404:
396:
387:
380:
376:
373:
370:
365:
362:
359:
355:
354:
349:
346:
345:
344:
336:
330:Complications
327:
322:
312:
310:
305:
303:
299:
293:
291:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
262:
256:
253:
250:0.6% risk of
249:
246:
243:0.6% risk of
242:
239:
235:
234:
233:
230:
227:
226:excimer laser
222:
218:
216:
212:
207:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
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2299:11 February
2268:11 February
1766:14 February
1739:26 February
1725:www.fda.gov
1100:15 February
727:capsulotomy
683:chromophore
625:Phakic IOLs
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460:accommodate
369:Aphakic IOL
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189:far-sighted
141:crystalline
2637:Categories
1705:17 October
1137:8 February
1092:. Healio.
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830:Plaque at
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565:toric lens
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464:presbyopic
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353:Phakic IOL
302:Toric IOLs
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1602:240712452
1506:26 August
1335:0886-3350
1293:212407635
976:(Germany)
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2324:Archived
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2228:24590672
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