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and cash. Portfolios may be held by individual investors or managed by financial professionals, hedge funds, banks and other financial institutions. It is a generally accepted principle that a portfolio is designed according to the investor's risk tolerance, time frame and investment objectives. The
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solutions are available and the preferred solution must be selected by considering a tradeoff between risk and return. In particular, a portfolio A is dominated by another portfolio A' if A' has a greater expected gain and a lesser risk than A. If no portfolio dominates A, A is a
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and the zero-investment portfolio. A portfolio's asset allocation may be managed utilizing any of the following investment approaches and principles: dividend weighting, equal weighting, capitalization-weighting, price-weighting,
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Momentum
Investment Strategies, Portfolio Performance, and Herding: A Study of Mutual Fund Behavior. Mark Grinblatt, Sheridan Titman, Russ Wermers The American Economic Review, Vol. 85, No. 5 (Dec., 1995), pp.
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There are several methods for calculating portfolio returns and performance. One traditional method is using quarterly or monthly money-weighted returns; however, the
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When determining asset allocation, the aim is to maximise the expected return and minimise the risk. This is an example of a
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is a method preferred by many investors in financial markets. There are also several models for measuring the
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Active
Portfolio Management: A Quantitative Approach for Producing Superior Returns and Controlling Risk
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Markowitz, H.M. (March 1952). "Portfolio
Selection". The Journal of Finance 7 (1): 77-91
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monetary value of each asset may influence the risk/reward ratio of the portfolio.
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of a portfolio's returns when compared to an index or benchmark, partly viewed as
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Maginn, John L.; Tuttle, Donald L.; Pinto, Jerald E.; McLeavey,Dennis W. (2007).
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Quantitative
Portfolio Optimisation, Asset Allocation and Risk Management
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Advanced
Portfolio Management: A Quant's Guide for Fundamental Investors
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Schulmerich, Marcus; Leporcher, Yves-Michel; Eu, Ching-Hwa (2015).
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189:. The set of Pareto-optimal returns and risks is called the Pareto
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Strategic Risk
Management: Designing Portfolios and Managing Risk
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Investment
Performance Measurement Errors, accessed 2008-06-29.
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The term "portfolio" refers to any combination of financial
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Risk/return plot and Pareto-optimal portfolios (in red)
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Financial risk management § Investment management
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454:Managing Investment Portfolios: A Dynamic Process
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205:There are many types of portfolios including the
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327:"Portfolio selection: An alternative approach"
27:Financial term for a collection of investments
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267:Outline of finance § Portfolio theory
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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456:(3rd ed.). Springer.
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