875:
the body processes thyroid hormones created with the I-131. For this reason, it is advised to regularly clean toilets, sinks, bed sheets and clothing used by the person who received the treatment. Patients may also be advised to wear slippers or socks at all times, and avoid prolonged close contact with others. This minimizes accidental exposure by family members, especially children. Use of a decontaminant specially made for radioactive iodine removal may be advised. The use of chlorine bleach solutions, or cleaners that contain chlorine bleach for cleanup, are not advised, since radioactive elemental iodine gas may be released. Airborne I-131 may cause a greater risk of second-hand exposure, spreading contamination over a wide area. Patient is advised if possible to stay in a room with a bathroom connected to it to limit unintended exposure to family members.
757:, showing the tumor by radiation from radioiodine in the MIBG. Two images are seen of the same patient from front and back. The image of the thyroid in the neck is due to unwanted uptake of radioiodine (as iodide) by the thyroid, after breakdown of the radioactive iodine-containing medication. Accumulation at the sides of the head is from salivary gland due to uptake of I-131 mIBG by the sympathetic neuronal elements in the salivary glands. Meta-iodobenzylguanidine is a radio-labeled analog of the adrenergic blocking agent guanethidine. Radioactivity is also seen from uptake by the liver, and excretion by the kidneys with accumulation in the bladder.
871:
radioactivity retained may be small and there is no medical proof of an actual risk from radioiodine treatment. Such a precaution would essentially eliminate direct fetal exposure to radioactivity and markedly reduce the possibility of conception with sperm that might theoretically have been damaged by exposure to radioiodine." These guidelines vary from hospital to hospital and will depend on national legislation and guidance, as well as the dose of radiation given. Some also advise not to hug or hold children when the radiation is still high, and a one- or two- metre distance to others may be recommended.
813:(MBq). Radioactive iodine (iodine-131) alone can potentially worsen thyrotoxicosis in the first few days after treatment. One side effect of treatment is an initial period of a few days of increased hyperthyroid symptoms. This occurs because when the radioactive iodine destroys the thyroid cells, they can release thyroid hormone into the blood stream. For this reason, sometimes patients are pre-treated with thyrostatic medications such as methimazole, and/or they are given symptomatic treatment such as propranolol. Radioactive iodine treatment is contraindicated in breast-feeding and pregnancy
401:
743:
632:
27:
2562:
289:) whenever it is given for therapeutic use, since about 10% of its energy and radiation dose is via gamma radiation. However, since the other 90% of radiation (beta radiation) causes tissue damage without contributing to any ability to see or "image" the isotope, other less-damaging radioisotopes of iodine such as
1272:
In 1997, NCI conducted a detailed evaluation of dose to the thyroid glands of U.S. residents from I-131 in fallout from tests in Nevada. (...) we evaluated the risks of thyroid cancer from that exposure and estimated that about 49,000 fallout-related cases might occur in the United States, almost all
874:
I-131 will be eliminated from the body over the next several weeks after it is given. The majority of I-131 will be eliminated from the human body in 3–5 days, through natural decay, and through excretion in sweat and urine. Smaller amounts will continue to be released over the next several weeks, as
870:
Patients receiving I-131 radioiodine treatment may be warned not to have sexual intercourse for one month (or shorter, depending on dose given), and women told not to become pregnant for six months afterwards. "This is because a theoretical risk to a developing fetus exists, even though the amount of
915:
Because of the carcinogenicity of its beta radiation in the thyroid in small doses, I-131 is rarely used primarily or solely for diagnosis (although in the past this was more common due to this isotope's relative ease of production and low expense). Instead the more purely gamma-emitting radioiodine
699:
provides additional information on the health effects from exposure to I in fallout, as well as individualized estimates, for those born before 1971, for each of the 3070 counties in the USA. The calculations are taken from data collected regarding fallout from the nuclear weapons tests conducted at
707:
On 27 March 2011, the
Massachusetts Department of Public Health reported that I was detected in very low concentrations in rainwater from samples collected in Massachusetts, USA, and that this likely originated from the Fukushima power plant. Farmers near the plant dumped raw milk, while testing in
682:
The risk of thyroid cancer in later life appears to diminish with increasing age at time of exposure. Most risk estimates are based on studies in which radiation exposures occurred in children or teenagers. When adults are exposed, it has been difficult for epidemiologists to detect a statistically
963:
Since the late 1940s, radioactive tracers have been used by the oil industry. Tagged at the surface, water is then tracked downhole, using the appropriated gamma detector, to determine flows and detect underground leaks. I-131 has been the most widely used tagging isotope in an aqueous solution of
686:
The risk can be mitigated by taking iodine supplements, raising the total amount of iodine in the body and, therefore, reducing uptake and retention in the face and chest and lowering the relative proportion of radioactive iodine. However, such supplements were not consistently distributed to the
301:
nuclear imaging is required. The isotope I is still occasionally used for purely diagnostic (i.e., imaging) work, due to its low expense compared to other iodine radioisotopes. Very small medical imaging doses of I have not shown any increase in thyroid cancer. The low-cost availability of I, in
272:
tissues that would otherwise become cancerous as a result of the radiation. For example, children treated with moderate dose of I for thyroid adenomas had a detectable increase in thyroid cancer, but children treated with a much higher dose did not. Likewise, most studies of very-high-dose I for
2581:
845:
would be high near an undissolved capsule, I-131 is sometimes administered to human patients in a small amount of liquid. Administration of this liquid form is usually by straw which is used to slowly and carefully suck up the liquid from a shielded container. For administration to animals (for
277:
have failed to find any increase in thyroid cancer, even though there is linear increase in thyroid cancer risk with I absorption at moderate doses. Thus, iodine-131 is increasingly less employed in small doses in medical use (especially in children), but increasingly is used only in large and
1924:
Yama, Naoya; Sakata, Koh-ichi; Hyodoh, Hideki; Tamakawa, Mitsuharu; Hareyama, Masato (June 2012). "A retrospective study on the transition of radiation dose rate and iodine distribution in patients with I-131-treated well-differentiated thyroid cancer to improve bed control shorten isolation
2543:
220:
in 1938 at the
University of California, Berkeley. It has a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days. It is associated with nuclear energy, medical diagnostic and treatment procedures, and natural gas production. It also plays a major role as a radioactive isotope present in
306:
in a nuclear reactor, then separating I out by various simple methods (i.e., heating to drive off the volatile iodine). By contrast, other iodine radioisotopes are usually created by far more expensive techniques, starting with cyclotron radiation of capsules of pressurized
1556:
Exposure of the
American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests: A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other
1122:
Dobyns, B. M.; Sheline, G. E.; Workman, J. B.; Tompkins, E. A.; McConahey, W. M.; Becker, D. V. (June 1974). "Malignant and benign neoplasms of the thyroid in patients treated for hyperthyroidism: a report of the cooperative thyrotoxicosis therapy follow-up study".
1381:
no associations between
Hanford's iodine-131 releases and thyroid disease were observed. show that if there is an increased risk of thyroid disease from exposure to Hanford's iodine-131, it is probably too small to observe using the best epidemiologic methods
846:
example, cats with hyperthyroidism), for practical reasons the isotope must be administered by injection. European guidelines recommend administration of a capsule, due to "greater ease to the patient and the superior radiation protection for caregivers".
329:
after accidental nuclear contamination. These studies suppose that cancers happen from residual tissue radiation damage caused by the I, and should appear mostly years after exposure, long after the I has decayed. Other studies did not find a correlation.
907:. About 90% of its radiation damage to tissue is via beta radiation, and the rest occurs via its gamma radiation (at a longer distance from the radioisotope). It can be seen in diagnostic scans after its use as therapy, because I is also a gamma-emitter.
346:
become heavier stable isotopes, or else stable iodine or xenon. However, the heaviest naturally occurring tellurium nuclide, Te (34% of natural tellurium) absorbs a neutron to become tellurium-131, which beta decays with a half-life of 25 minutes to I.
985:
The use of Iodine-131 as a poison – used in small doses over a period of time to disrupt a person's ability to think and tell right from wrong – played a central role in the episode "The Case of the
Melancholy Marksman" of the long-running
428:
in its nucleus, while the only stable nuclide, I, has 74. On decaying, I most often (89% of the time) expends its 971 keV of decay energy by transforming into stable xenon-131 in two steps, with gamma decay following rapidly after beta decay:
533:
866:
advice states that "comforters and carers" of patients undergoing radionuclide therapy should be treated as members of the public for dose constraint purposes and any restrictions on the patient should be designed based on this principle.
1874:
Silberstein, E. B.; Alavi, A.; Balon, H. R.; Clarke, S. E. M.; Divgi, C.; Gelfand, M. J.; Goldsmith, S. J.; Jadvar, H.; Marcus, C. S.; Martin, W. H.; Parker, J. A.; Royal, H. D.; Sarkar, S. D.; Stabin, M.; Waxman, A. D. (11 July 2012).
878:
Many airports have radiation detectors to detect the smuggling of radioactive materials. Patients should be warned that if they travel by air, they may trigger radiation detectors at airports up to 95 days after their treatment with I.
614:
The primary emissions of I decay are thus electrons with a maximal energy of 606 keV (89% abundance, others 248–807 keV) and 364 keV gamma rays (81% abundance, others 723 keV). Beta decay also produces an
609:
932:
treatment (isotope confined in small seed-like metal capsules), where the low-energy gamma radiation without a beta component makes iodine-125 useful. The other radioisotopes of iodine are never used in brachytherapy.
2165:
694:
Within the US, the highest I fallout doses occurred during the 1950s and early 1960s to children having consumed fresh milk from sources contaminated as the result of above-ground testing of nuclear weapons. The
801:, and sometimes hyperactive thyroid nodules (abnormally active thyroid tissue that is not malignant). The therapeutic use of radioiodine to treat hyperthyroidism from Graves' disease was first reported by
2031:
Luster, M.; Clarke, S. E.; Dietlein, M.; Lassmann, M.; Lind, P.; Oyen, W. J. G.; Tennvall, J.; Bombardieri, E. (1 August 2008). "Guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer".
671:, it can be absorbed through contaminated food, and will also accumulate in the thyroid. As it decays, it may cause damage to the thyroid. The primary risk from exposure to I is an increased risk of
268:
and death in cells that it penetrates, and other cells up to several millimeters away. For this reason, high doses of the isotope are sometimes less dangerous than low doses, since they tend to kill
619:, which carries off variable amounts of the beta decay energy. The electrons, due to their high mean energy (190 keV, with typical beta-decay spectra present) have a tissue penetration of
342:
of a natural tellurium target in a nuclear reactor. Irradiation of natural tellurium produces almost entirely I as the only radionuclide with a half-life longer than hours, since most lighter
712:
per liter of iodine-131 in a milk sample, but the radiation levels were 5,000 times lower than the FDA's "defined intervention level". The levels were expected to drop relatively quickly
2191:
1822:
Stokkel, Marcel P. M.; Handkiewicz Junak, Daria; Lassmann, Michael; Dietlein, Markus; Luster, Markus (13 July 2010). "EANM procedure guidelines for therapy of benign thyroid disease".
1311:
Guiraud-Vitaux, F.; Elbast, M.; Colas-Linhart, N.; Hindie, E. (February 2008). "Thyroid cancer after
Chernobyl: is iodine 131 the only culprit ? Impact on clinical practice".
940:
being rejected from crossing the Canada—U.S. border. Such material can enter the sewers directly from the medical facilities, or by being excreted by patients after a treatment
2169:
4642:
354:
into an alkaline solution. More commonly, powdered elemental tellurium is irradiated and then I separated from it by dry distillation of the iodine, which has a far higher
4840:
3776:
435:
2742:
2625:
2560:, Fertl, Walter H., "Method and apparatus for evaluating multiple stage fracturing or earth formations surrounding a borehole", published 1983-11-15
4835:
358:. The element is then dissolved in a mildly alkaline solution in the standard manner, to produce I as iodide and hypoiodate (which is soon reduced to iodide).
2508:
3429:
1346:
1397:
Chattopadhyay, Sankha; Saha Das, Sujata (2010). "Recovery of 131I from alkaline solution of n-irradiated tellurium target using a tiny Dowex-1 column".
4635:
1782:
Nakajo, M., Shapiro, B. Sisson, J.C., Swanson, D.P., and
Beierwaltes, W.H. Salivary gland uptake of Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine. J Nucl Med 25:2–6, 1984
539:
325:
Much smaller incidental doses of iodine-131 than those used in medical therapeutic procedures, are supposed by some studies to be the major cause of
2626:
Sensitivity of
Personal Homeland Security Radiation Detectors to Medical Radionuclides and Implications for Counseling of Nuclear Medicine Patients
2074:
1771:
3769:
2249:
2215:
1069:
Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references".
777:, however it is rarely administered for diagnostic purposes only, imaging will normally be done following a therapeutic dose. Use of the I as
2735:
2198:
1273:
of them among persons who were under age 20 at some time during the period 1951–57, with 95-percent uncertainty limits of 11,300 and 212,000.
2579:, Scott, George L., "System and method for monitoring fracture growth during hydraulic fracture treatment", published 1995-08-15
4628:
4120:
3455:
1746:
4779:
3389:
2286:
4789:
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648:
1286:"National Cancer Institute calculator for thyroid cancer risk as a result of I-131 intake after nuclear testing before 1971 in Nevada"
4804:
4774:
4400:
3762:
1254:
Simon, Steven L.; Bouville, André; Land, Charles E. (January–February 2006). "Fallout from
Nuclear Weapons Tests and Cancer Risks".
1096:
4769:
2728:
2141:
2541:, Scott, George L., "Method for monitoring the hydraulic fracturing of a subterranean formation", published 1997-06-03
4830:
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4704:
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products, and was a significant contributor to the health hazards from open-air atomic bomb testing in the 1950s, and from the
2952:
2630:
2461:
2425:
2361:
2325:
2084:
1573:
1537:
4302:
1978:"Closed system vacuum assisted administration of high dose radio iodine to cancer thyroid patients: NIMS techniqe [
3095:
862:
International Basic Safety
Standards recommend that patients are not discharged until the activity falls below 1100 MBq.
821:
Iodine-131, in higher doses than for thyrotoxicosis, is used for ablation of remnant thyroid tissue following a complete
5141:
3112:
2598:
230:
4250:
3107:
1803:
4395:
4113:
2956:
2892:
2843:
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1864:
Brunton, Laurence L. et al. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e. 2011. Chapter 39
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3824:
2516:
2264:
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3990:
3085:
3051:
3041:
2984:
2777:
726:
A common treatment method for preventing iodine-131 exposure is by saturating the thyroid with regular, stable
667:
where it is needed for the functioning of that gland. When I is present in high levels in the environment from
683:
significant difference in the rates of thyroid disease above that of a similar but otherwise-unexposed group.
350:
A tellurium compound can be irradiated while bound as an oxide to an ion exchange column, with evolved I then
4442:
2888:
1676:
750:
tumor is seen as a dark sphere in the center of the body (it is in the left adrenal gland). The image is by
5104:
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3500:
3173:
3090:
3046:
2979:
992:
762:
1285:
5126:
4557:
4357:
4106:
3813:
3190:
3014:
1720:
1624:
Robbins, Jacob; Schneider, Arthur B. (2000). "Thyroid cancer following exposure to radioactive iodine".
1364:
5131:
4858:
4744:
4148:
3126:
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study claims that nuclear fallout might have led to approximately 11,000 excess deaths, most caused by
2576:
2557:
2538:
1385:
5146:
5136:
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696:
652:
2224:
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fluid to determine the injection profile and location of fractures created by hydraulic fracturing.
315:
5011:
4679:
4651:
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3168:
2994:
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1432:
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nuclear power plant after the disaster, though they were widely distributed to children in Poland.
672:
326:
278:
maximal treatment doses, as a way of killing targeted tissues. This is known as "therapeutic use".
528:{\displaystyle {\ce {^{131}_{53}I->\beta {}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}+_{54}^{131}Xe^{\ast }{}+606keV}}}
4875:
4662:
892:
137:
4279:
2765:
2102:"ICRP Publication 94: Release of Nuclear Medicine Patients after Therapy with Unsealed Sources"
1750:
1173:"The Management of Graves' Disease in Children, with Special Emphasis on Radioiodine Treatment"
639:
doses in the continental United States resulting from all exposure routes from all atmospheric
249:
for a comparison with other radioactive fission products. I is also a major fission product of
2413:
1793:
1213:
928:
is also occasionally used when a longer half-life radioiodine is needed for diagnosis, and in
4902:
4668:
4502:
3399:
3326:
2616:
RadiologyInfo – The radiology information resource for patients: Radioiodine (I −131) Therapy
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246:
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3440:
3359:
3004:
2866:
973:
969:
381:. However, the short half-life means it is not present in significant quantities in cooled
319:
2615:
805:
in 1941. The dose is typically administered orally (either as a liquid or capsule), in an
229:, as well as being a large fraction of the contamination hazard in the first weeks in the
8:
4864:
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4567:
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4190:
4171:
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1100:
888:
668:
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2720:
2148:
1496:
841:(MBq). Because of this high radioactivity and because the exposure of stomach tissue to
4950:
4654:
4487:
4372:
4176:
4166:
3515:
3384:
3379:
3244:
3228:
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2008:
1977:
1958:
1906:
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1036:
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953:
948:
Used for the first time in 1951 to localize leaks in a drinking water supply system of
798:
774:
688:
382:
294:
274:
226:
181:
4620:
4577:
4537:
4129:
3786:
3490:
3450:
3374:
3369:
3321:
3291:
2816:
2796:
2752:
2700:
2457:
2421:
2357:
2321:
2166:"Instructions for Receiving Radioactive Iodine Therapy after a Thyroid Cancer Survey"
2080:
2048:
2013:
1950:
1942:
1898:
1839:
1799:
1649:
1641:
1579:
1569:
1533:
1414:
1328:
1194:
1148:
1140:
1011:
957:
952:, Germany, iodine-131 became one of the most commonly used gamma-emitting industrial
400:
392:
It is discharged to the atmosphere in small quantities by some nuclear power plants.
185:
95:
39:
2127:
1962:
1910:
1661:
5047:
4991:
4986:
4966:
4939:
4739:
4240:
4221:
2903:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2318:
Isotopes in the water cycle : past, present and future of a developing science
2197:. Department of Nuclear Medicine McMaster University Medical Centre. Archived from
2113:
2040:
2003:
1993:
1934:
1888:
1851:
1831:
1633:
1561:
1554:
1410:
1406:
1320:
1263:
1184:
1132:
1078:
1051:
972:
fluid to help determine the injection profile and location of fractures created by
921:
896:
766:
747:
721:
701:
644:
378:
282:
49:
302:
turn, is due to the relative ease of creating I by neutron bombardment of natural
4699:
4547:
4452:
3922:
3800:
3258:
3178:
2831:
2060:
640:
362:
234:
222:
1480:
675:
in later life. Other risks include the possibility of non-cancerous growths and
604:{\displaystyle {\ce {^{131}_{54}Xe^{\ast }->_{54}^{131}Xe+\gamma {}+364keV}}}
5037:
5027:
4432:
4255:
4202:
4030:
3976:
3910:
3726:
3612:
3207:
3080:
3037:
2975:
2948:
2884:
2839:
2773:
2486:
Temperature, radioactive tracer, and noise logging for injection well integrity
2118:
2101:
1772:"Traces of radioactive iodine found in Washington state milk" Los Angeles Times
1082:
1055:
826:
794:
781:
salt exploits the mechanism of absorption of iodine by the normal cells of the
656:
355:
217:
78:
2044:
1938:
1893:
1876:
1835:
1637:
663:
Iodine in food is absorbed by the body and preferentially concentrated in the
5120:
5082:
5032:
4908:
4714:
4532:
4289:
4271:
4055:
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3424:
3347:
3274:
2678:
2671:
1946:
1795:
Thyroid Cancer: From Emergent Biotechnologies to Clinical Practice Guidelines
1747:"Low Concentrations Of Radiation Found In Mass. | WCVB Home – WCVB Home"
1645:
1144:
965:
929:
900:
842:
838:
822:
810:
413:
213:
147:
130:
61:
2605:
1998:
1214:"Technical meeting of project counterparts on cyclotron production of I-123"
1189:
1172:
936:
The use of I as a medical isotope has been blamed for a routine shipment of
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4754:
4719:
4608:
4522:
4492:
4367:
4361:
4181:
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4070:
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3956:
3901:
3820:
3808:
3790:
3744:
3731:
3716:
3617:
3602:
3553:
3460:
3394:
3239:
3025:
2756:
2620:
2052:
2017:
1976:
Rao, V. P.; Sudhakar, P.; Swamy, V. K.; Pradeep, G.; Venugopal, N. (2010).
1954:
1902:
1877:"The SNMMI Practice Guideline for Therapy of Thyroid Disease with 131I 3.0"
1843:
1653:
1583:
1418:
1332:
770:
754:
709:
616:
286:
205:
173:
169:
2621:
Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Radiation Exposure from Iodine 131
1457:
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1198:
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4306:
4195:
4065:
4025:
3996:
3933:
3889:
3721:
3711:
3701:
3696:
3661:
3646:
3607:
3597:
3562:
3520:
3414:
3342:
3296:
3158:
3000:
2943:
2915:
2812:
2692:
676:
370:
339:
250:
245:, comprising nearly 3% of the total products of fission (by weight). See
124:
1821:
742:
4799:
4794:
4764:
4734:
4482:
4352:
4342:
4314:
4284:
4080:
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4035:
3981:
3961:
3918:
3872:
3849:
3835:
3686:
3681:
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3671:
3666:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3530:
3475:
3435:
3418:
3409:
3364:
3331:
3316:
3311:
3220:
3215:
3152:
3139:
3132:
3119:
3102:
3062:
3057:
3010:
2990:
2862:
2787:
2683:
1310:
925:
917:
904:
806:
802:
727:
386:
290:
261:
164:
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1267:
631:
4976:
4729:
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3656:
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3567:
3541:
3505:
3354:
3336:
3280:
3270:
3185:
3029:
2938:
2872:
2707:
2316:. In Aggarwal, Pradeep K.; Gat, Joel R.; Froehlich, Klaus F. (eds.).
1482:
Effluent Releases from Nuclear Power Plants and Fuel-Cycle Facilities
937:
903:. In all of these therapeutic uses, I destroys tissue by short-range
855:
417:
409:
303:
242:
152:
102:
2079:. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. 2009. pp. 1–288.
5087:
5077:
5001:
4517:
4213:
4040:
4001:
3254:
2290:
2076:
Nuclear medicine in thyroid cancer management: a practical approach
1565:
1458:"Nuclear Data for Safeguards, Table C-3, Cumulative Fission Yields"
1035:
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021).
265:
4678:
2192:"Precautions after Out-patient Radioactive Iodine (I-131) Therapy"
1721:"Individual Dose and Risk Calculator for Nevada Test Site fallout"
4874:
4809:
4724:
4472:
3403:
3286:
2907:
782:
664:
636:
425:
421:
269:
254:
238:
2287:"Medical isotopes the likely cause of radiation in Ottawa waste"
314:
Iodine-131 is also one of the most commonly used gamma-emitting
5067:
4933:
4405:
4232:
4158:
3545:
3495:
3480:
2919:
2656:
1289:
949:
778:
731:
351:
209:
1724:
1698:
887:
The I isotope is also used as a radioactive label for certain
3509:
3465:
3072:
2854:
1171:
Rivkees, Scott A.; Sklar, Charles; Freemark, Michael (1998).
837:
Typical therapeutic doses of I-131 are between 2220 and 7400
308:
26:
2030:
1528:. A Cleveland Clinic Guide. Cleveland Clinic Press. p.
1121:
3861:
3485:
3306:
3301:
2877:
1873:
1723:. National Cancer Institute. 1 October 2007. Archived from
1224:
863:
859:
751:
3784:
2356:. New Delhi: New India Publishing Agency. pp. 12–13.
2033:
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
1824:
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
1359:
2750:
2168:. University of Washington Medical Center. Archived from
987:
484:
1923:
769:
to treat several conditions. It can also be detected by
4650:
2631:
NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Iodine, Radioactive
1975:
996:(season 5, episode 24, first broadcast March 24, 1962).
832:
2314:"Isotopic Tracers for Obtaining Hydrologic Parameters"
2412:
Araguás, Luis Araguás; Plata Bedmar, Antonio (2002).
1749:. Thebostonchannel.com. 27 March 2011. Archived from
1396:
943:
542:
438:
389:
whose half-life is nearly a billion times that of I.
4601: Also known as sealed-source radiation therapy.
1617:
1170:
1125:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1034:
2411:
1068:
2488:. Washington: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1521:
1177:Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
603:
527:
1345:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1253:
1037:"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"
5118:
5012:
4680:
2575:
2556:
2537:
1623:
318:. Radioactive tracer isotopes are injected with
4876:
4595: Also known as external-beam radiotherapy.
2223:. Indianapolis. 2002. p. 7. Archived from
2142:"Radioiodine Therapy: Information for Patients"
1817:
1815:
1553:Council, National Research (11 February 2003).
1485:. National Academies Press (US). 29 March 2012.
1239:Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering.
2454:Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering
2385:"Investigating leaks in Dams & Reservoirs"
1791:
854:Ablation doses are usually administered on an
816:
788:
4636:
4114:
3770:
2736:
1792:Carpi, Angelo; Mechanick, Jeffrey I. (2016).
2506:
2456:. Gulf Professional Publishers. p. 55.
1812:
1626:Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
1030:
1028:
1026:
924:scan of the thyroid). The longer half-lived
2441:
2418:Detection and prevention of leaks from dams
2311:
1211:
849:
715:
4951:
4643:
4629:
4121:
4107:
3777:
3763:
2743:
2729:
2420:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 179–181.
2248:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1231:
649:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
25:
2569:
2550:
2531:
2117:
2099:
2007:
1997:
1892:
1188:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1099:. wikifoundry. April 2008. Archived from
1062:
1023:
882:
793:Major uses of I include the treatment of
596:
520:
2476:
2350:"Radioisotopes of hydrological interest"
1221:International Nuclear Information System
741:
630:
399:
4692:
1552:
1249:
1247:
5119:
4128:
3745:Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals (V10)
2262:
2217:Biosafety Manual for Purdue University
1519:
1159:
626:
4624:
4102:
4089:Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals (V09)
3758:
2724:
1288:. Ntsi131.nci.nih.gov. Archived from
979:
891:that can be used for therapy, e.g. I-
4303:Selective internal radiation therapy
2447:
1460:. International Atomic Energy Agency
1244:
833:Administration of I-131 for ablation
404:Iodine-131 decay scheme (simplified)
395:
2347:
2320:. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 11.
1677:"The Causes of the Chernobyl Event"
297:) are preferred in situations when
13:
4841:Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac)
1473:
944:Industrial radioactive tracer uses
910:
895:(I-MIBG) for imaging and treating
338:Most I production is from neutron
14:
5158:
2591:
1366:The Hanford Thyroid Disease Study
1212:Rayyes, Al; Hamid, Abdul (2002).
968:. It is used to characterize the
708:the United States found 0.8 pico-
687:population living nearest to the
659:linked to exposure to iodine-131.
5038:Ipodate sodium (sodium iopodate)
5017:Tooltip Iodothyronine deiodinase
4685:Tooltip Thyroid hormone receptor
4396:Intraoperative radiation therapy
2414:"Artificial radioactive tracers"
2263:Sutton, Jane (29 January 2007).
1699:"Radioactive I-131 from Fallout"
1674:
809:setting, and is usually 400–600
4881:Tooltip Sodium-iodide symporter
2500:
2470:
2405:
2377:
2341:
2305:
2279:
2256:
2184:
2158:
2134:
2093:
2067:
2024:
1969:
1917:
1867:
1858:
1785:
1776:
1765:
1739:
1713:
1691:
1668:
1546:
1513:
1489:
1450:
1425:
1390:
1353:
1304:
920:is used in diagnostic testing (
233:. This is because I is a major
4186:Stereotactic radiation therapy
2312:Moser, H.; Rauert, W. (2007).
1411:10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.04.033
1399:Applied Radiation and Isotopes
1327:(inactive 12 September 2024).
1278:
1205:
1115:
1089:
737:
561:
472:
454:
1:
5105:Receptor/signaling modulators
4607: Also known as systemic
4443:Radiation-induced lung injury
1241:Gulf Professional Publishers.
1017:
333:
316:radioactive industrial tracer
4573:Radiation treatment planning
2479:"Radioactive tracer surveys"
2147:. AACE. 2004. Archived from
763:unsealed source radiotherapy
412:of 8.0249(6) days with
281:Iodine-131 can be "seen" by
7:
4558:Percentage depth dose curve
2354:Practical isotope hydrology
2100:Valentine, J. (June 2004).
1881:Journal of Nuclear Medicine
1701:. National Cancer Institute
1497:"Nuclide Safety Data Sheet"
1000:
817:Treatment of thyroid cancer
789:Treatment of thyrotoxicosis
10:
5163:
4956:Tooltip Thyroid peroxidase
4800:Sobetirome (GC-1, GRX-431)
2119:10.1016/j.icrp.2004.08.003
1927:Annals of Nuclear Medicine
1798:. CRC Press. p. 148.
1361:Centre for Disease Control
719:
621:0.6 to 2 mm
285:imaging techniques (e.g.,
186:Complete table of nuclides
5142:Radioactive contamination
5096:
5060:
5010:
4949:
4932:
4857:
4823:
4753:
4661:
4591:
4583:Tissue to Air Ratio (TAR)
4461:
4425:
4388:
4324:
4270:
4230:
4211:
4156:
4147:
4136:
4014:
3942:
3909:
3900:
3860:
3834:
3798:
3635:
3540:
3253:
3238:
3206:
3071:
3024:
2966:
2929:
2902:
2853:
2830:
2764:
2045:10.1007/s00259-008-0883-1
1939:10.1007/s12149-012-0586-3
1894:10.2967/jnumed.112.105148
1836:10.1007/s00259-010-1536-8
1470:(thermal neutron fission)
797:(hyperthyroidism) due to
697:National Cancer Institute
653:National Cancer Institute
559:
453:
373:, and can be released in
327:increased thyroid cancers
180:
163:
158:
146:
136:
123:
101:
94:
77:
60:
48:
38:
33:
24:
4652:Thyroid hormone receptor
4543:Oxygen enhancement ratio
4498:Dose verification system
2509:"Radioactive-tracer log"
2477:McKinley, R. M. (1994).
1083:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf
1056:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
850:Post-treatment isolation
716:Treatment and prevention
673:radiation-induced cancer
552:
544:
446:
440:
231:Fukushima nuclear crisis
54:iodine-131, 131I, I-131,
3471:Gallium (Ga) gozetotide
3015:Iodinated human albumin
2450:"Radioactive materials"
1999:10.4103/0972-3919.63601
1638:10.1023/A:1010031115233
1190:10.1210/jcem.83.11.5239
956:, with applications in
893:metaiodobenzylguanidine
761:Iodine-131 is used for
2766:Central nervous system
2448:Reis, John C. (1976).
2265:"Radioactive patients"
1520:Skugor, Mario (2006).
1438:. Nordion. August 2011
1237:Reis, John C. (1976).
883:Other therapeutic uses
758:
660:
605:
529:
405:
4903:potassium perchlorate
4894:Cyanogenic glycosides
4503:Dose-volume histogram
3400:Fludeoxyglucose (18F)
3327:Pittsburgh compound B
2968:Cardiovascular system
2577:US patent 5441110
2558:US patent 4415805
2539:US patent 5635712
2204:on 29 September 2011.
2154:on 10 September 2008.
1325:10.1684/bdc.2008.0574
1137:10.1210/jcem-38-6-976
745:
647:from 1951 to 1962. A
634:
606:
530:
403:
375:nuclear weapons tests
344:isotopes of tellurium
247:fission product yield
4913:sodium pertechnetate
4765:Eprotirome (KB-2115)
4758:(selective agonists)
4563:Radiation oncologist
4553:Pencil-beam scanning
4528:Multileaf collimator
4378:ibritumomab tiuxetan
3878:Ibritumomab tiuxetan
3787:radiopharmaceuticals
3446:Fluorothymidine F-18
3441:Fluoroestradiol F-18
3360:Desmethoxyfallypride
2867:Sodium iodohippurate
2753:radiopharmaceuticals
1097:"UW-L Brachy Course"
974:hydraulic fracturing
970:hydraulic fracturing
960:and leak detection.
889:radiopharmaceuticals
540:
436:
320:hydraulic fracturing
264:, iodine-131 causes
4568:Radiation Therapist
4438:Radiation proctitis
4297:Plaque radiotherapy
4172:Orthovoltage X-rays
3430:Fluorodeoxysorbitol
3174:Fluoroethyltyrosine
3113:Satumomab pendetide
2348:Rao, S. M. (2006).
2172:on 28 February 2009
954:radioactive tracers
669:radioactive fallout
627:Effects of exposure
574:
501:
486:
260:Due to its mode of
21:
5127:Isotopes of iodine
4735:Tiratricol (TRIAC)
4603:
4597:
4373:Radioimmunotherapy
4177:Megavoltage X-rays
4167:Superficial X-rays
4130:Radiation oncology
3825:Strontium chloride
3516:Piflufolastat F-18
3385:Flotufolastat F-18
3380:Flortaucipir (18F)
3198:Piflufolastat F-18
3169:Fluorodeoxyglucose
3108:Capromab pendetide
2931:Respiratory system
2821:Flutemetamol (18F)
2507:Schlumberger Ltd.
2106:Annals of the ICRP
1727:on 18 October 2007
1433:"I-131 Fact Sheet"
1313:Bulletin du Cancer
1256:American Scientist
1007:Isotopes of iodine
980:In popular culture
775:diagnostic imaging
759:
730:, as an iodide or
661:
601:
560:
525:
487:
465:
406:
383:spent nuclear fuel
295:isotopes of iodine
227:Chernobyl disaster
204:) is an important
182:Isotopes of iodine
20:Iodine-131, I
19:
5132:Antithyroid drugs
5114:
5113:
5056:
5055:
4943:
4928:
4927:
4868:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4672:
4618:
4617:
4578:Radiopharmacology
4538:Neutron generator
4421:
4420:
4266:
4265:
4096:
4095:
4010:
4009:
3752:
3751:
3631:
3630:
3525:Rubidium chloride
3491:N-Methylspiperone
3451:Flurpiridaz (18F)
3375:Florbetapir (18F)
3370:Florbetaben (18F)
3322:N-Methylspiperone
3153:Iobenguane (131I)
3140:Iobenguane (123I)
3005:Rubidium chloride
2817:Florbetapir (18F)
2797:Iofetamine (123I)
2717:
2716:
2649:Iodine-131 is an
2463:978-0-88415-273-6
2427:978-90-5809-355-4
2363:978-81-89422-33-2
2327:978-1-4020-6671-9
2293:. 4 February 2009
2086:978-92-0-113108-9
2039:(10): 1941–1959.
1986:Indian J Nucl Med
1887:(10): 1633–1651.
1830:(11): 2218–2228.
1575:978-0-309-08713-1
1539:978-1-59624-021-6
1524:Thyroid Disorders
1386:Executive summary
1268:10.1511/2006.1.48
1071:Chinese Physics C
1044:Chinese Physics C
1012:Iodine in biology
958:isotope hydrology
643:conducted at the
599:
578:
548:
547:
523:
505:
481:
475:
445:
444:
443:
424:of iodine has 78
396:Radioactive decay
379:nuclear accidents
191:
190:
129:130.90612638(65)
16:Isotope of iodine
5154:
5147:Medical isotopes
5137:Fission products
5048:Propylthiouracil
5018:
5014:
4992:Propylthiouracil
4987:Methylthiouracil
4967:Benzylthiouracil
4957:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4937:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4862:
4740:Triiodothyronine
4690:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4666:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4604:
4598:
4448:Bystander effect
4335:
4334:
4241:Particle therapy
4222:Electron therapy
4154:
4153:
4145:
4144:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4100:
4099:
3907:
3906:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3756:
3755:
3251:
3250:
3150:
3137:
3124:
3096:Hynic-octreotide
2904:Gastrointestinal
2802:Iolopride (123I)
2792:Ioflupane (123I)
2745:
2738:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2639:
2638:
2612:
2611:on 14 June 2003.
2610:
2604:. Archived from
2603:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2515:. Archived from
2513:Schlumberger.com
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2483:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2230:on 23 March 2012
2229:
2222:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2121:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1896:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1527:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1437:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1251:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1168:
1157:
1156:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1103:on 15 April 2019
1093:
1087:
1086:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1041:
1032:
922:nuclear medicine
897:pheochromocytoma
767:nuclear medicine
748:pheochromocytoma
722:Potassium iodide
702:Nevada Test Site
645:Nevada Test Site
622:
610:
608:
607:
602:
600:
597:
589:
584:
583:
576:
573:
568:
545:
534:
532:
531:
526:
524:
521:
513:
511:
510:
503:
500:
495:
485:
482:
479:
477:
476:
468:
461:
441:
420:emissions. This
408:I decays with a
283:nuclear medicine
253:, produced from
119:
118:8.0249(6) d
114:
87:
70:
29:
22:
18:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5092:
5052:
5016:
5006:
4955:
4936:
4924:
4921:
4883:
4880:
4861:
4845:
4819:
4757:
4749:
4745:Thyroid extract
4700:Dextrothyroxine
4684:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4619:
4614:
4602:
4596:
4587:
4466:
4464:
4457:
4453:Abscopal effect
4417:
4384:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:Unsealed source
4320:
4262:
4251:neutron-capture
4226:
4207:
4141:
4139:
4132:
4127:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4016:Isotopes used:
4006:
3938:
3923:Radium chloride
3896:
3856:
3830:
3794:
3783:
3753:
3748:
3747:
3741:
3637:Isotopes used:
3627:
3536:
3242:
3234:
3229:Iodocholesterol
3202:
3179:Sodium fluoride
3148:
3135:
3122:
3067:
3020:
2962:
2925:
2898:
2849:
2832:Skeletal system
2826:
2760:
2749:
2704:
2696:
2675:
2663:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2608:
2601:
2599:"ANL factsheet"
2597:
2594:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2481:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2261:
2257:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2029:
2025:
1974:
1970:
1922:
1918:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1753:on 3 April 2012
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1675:Frot, Jacques.
1673:
1669:
1622:
1618:
1606:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1576:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1395:
1391:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1358:
1354:
1338:
1337:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1292:on 23 July 2012
1284:
1283:
1279:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1232:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1183:(11): 3767–76.
1169:
1160:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1067:
1063:
1039:
1033:
1024:
1020:
1003:
982:
946:
913:
911:Diagnostic uses
885:
852:
835:
819:
799:Graves' disease
791:
740:
724:
718:
629:
620:
588:
579:
575:
569:
564:
543:
541:
538:
537:
512:
506:
502:
496:
491:
483:
478:
467:
466:
460:
439:
437:
434:
433:
398:
369:of 2.878% from
363:fission product
336:
275:Graves' disease
235:fission product
223:nuclear fission
184:
117:
112:
105:
81:
64:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5160:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5028:Dexpropranolol
5021:
5019:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4960:
4958:
4944:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4916:
4909:Pertechnetates
4906:
4896:
4887:
4885:
4869:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4687:
4673:
4659:
4658:
4648:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4625:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4605:
4599:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4433:Radiation burn
4429:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4370:
4365:
4355:
4350:
4339:
4337:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4276:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4237:
4235:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4203:Cobalt therapy
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4151:
4142:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4103:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4031:dysprosium-165
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3915:
3913:
3911:alpha emitters
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3869:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3841:
3839:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3805:
3803:
3796:
3795:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3727:technetium-99m
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3518:
3513:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3407:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3340:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3267:
3265:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3208:Adrenal cortex
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3156:
3143:
3130:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2988:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2912:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2836:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2810:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2785:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2715:
2714:
2698:
2697:of iodine-131
2689:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2647:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2593:
2592:External links
2590:
2588:
2587:
2568:
2549:
2530:
2519:on 3 June 2012
2499:
2469:
2462:
2440:
2426:
2404:
2376:
2362:
2340:
2326:
2304:
2278:
2255:
2207:
2183:
2157:
2133:
2092:
2085:
2066:
2023:
1968:
1933:(5): 390–396.
1916:
1866:
1857:
1811:
1804:
1784:
1775:
1764:
1738:
1712:
1690:
1667:
1632:(3): 197–203.
1616:
1607:|website=
1574:
1566:10.17226/10621
1545:
1538:
1512:
1488:
1472:
1449:
1424:
1405:(10): 1967–9.
1389:
1352:
1303:
1277:
1243:
1230:
1204:
1158:
1131:(6): 976–998.
1114:
1088:
1061:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
981:
978:
945:
942:
912:
909:
905:beta radiation
884:
881:
851:
848:
843:beta radiation
839:megabecquerels
834:
831:
827:thyroid cancer
818:
815:
811:megabecquerels
795:thyrotoxicosis
790:
787:
739:
736:
717:
714:
657:thyroid cancer
628:
625:
612:
611:
595:
592:
587:
582:
572:
567:
563:
558:
555:
551:
535:
519:
516:
509:
499:
494:
490:
474:
471:
464:
459:
456:
452:
449:
397:
394:
356:vapor pressure
335:
332:
218:John Livingood
212:discovered by
189:
188:
178:
177:
167:
161:
160:
156:
155:
150:
148:Decay products
144:
143:
140:
134:
133:
127:
121:
120:
115:
110:
99:
98:
92:
91:
88:
75:
74:
71:
58:
57:
52:
46:
45:
42:
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5159:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5083:Thyroglobulin
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:Iopanoic acid
5031:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4935:
4931:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4856:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4755:Thyromimetics
4752:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4715:Levothyroxine
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4646:
4641:
4639:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4533:Nanoimpellers
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4272:Brachytherapy
4269:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4090:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:phosphorus-32
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3991:Oxodotreotide
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3944:beta emitters
3941:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Radionuclides
3899:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3746:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Fluorocholine
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3240:Radionuclides
3237:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2957:Pentetic acid
2954:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2893:Pentetic acid
2890:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2844:Medronic acid
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:Pentetic acid
2779:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2672:Decay product
2670:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2578:
2572:
2559:
2553:
2540:
2534:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2393:
2386:
2380:
2365:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1805:9781439862223
1801:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1779:
1773:
1768:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1700:
1694:
1678:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1600:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1516:
1498:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1459:
1453:
1434:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1348:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1077:(3): 030003.
1076:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1050:(3): 030001.
1049:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
995:
994:
989:
984:
983:
977:
975:
971:
967:
966:sodium iodide
961:
959:
955:
951:
941:
939:
934:
931:
930:brachytherapy
927:
923:
919:
908:
906:
902:
901:neuroblastoma
898:
894:
890:
880:
876:
872:
868:
865:
861:
857:
847:
844:
840:
830:
828:
824:
823:thyroidectomy
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:gamma cameras
768:
764:
756:
753:
749:
744:
735:
733:
729:
723:
713:
711:
705:
703:
698:
692:
690:
684:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:nuclear tests
638:
633:
624:
618:
593:
590:
585:
580:
570:
565:
556:
553:
549:
536:
517:
514:
507:
497:
492:
488:
469:
462:
457:
450:
447:
432:
431:
430:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
402:
393:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
348:
345:
341:
331:
328:
323:
321:
317:
312:
310:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:gamma cameras
284:
279:
276:
273:treatment of
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
214:Glenn Seaborg
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
166:
162:
157:
154:
151:
149:
145:
141:
139:
135:
132:
128:
126:
122:
116:
109:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
59:
53:
51:
47:
43:
41:
37:
32:
28:
23:
5101:
5100:
5072:
5024:
4997:2-Thiouracil
4963:
4919:Thiocyanates
4899:Perchlorates
4890:
4720:Liothyronine
4609:radioisotope
4523:Monitor unit
4493:Dose profile
4463:Features and
4346:
4329:radiotherapy
4309: /
4305: /
4246:fast neutron
4184: /
4182:Radiosurgery
4076:strontium-89
4071:samarium-153
4051:lutetium-177
4045:
4021:actinium-225
3966:
3884:
3844:
3785:Therapeutic
3732:thallium-201
3717:samarium-153
3691:
3592:
3554:scintigraphy
3461:Flutemetamol
3395:Fluciclovine
3224:
3164:Fluciclovine
3145:
3127:Minretumomab
3026:Inflammation
2718:
2710:
2706:
2691:
2681:
2677:
2664:
2651:
2644:
2635:
2606:the original
2571:
2552:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2517:the original
2512:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2485:
2472:
2453:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2417:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2353:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2317:
2307:
2297:30 September
2295:. Retrieved
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2258:
2232:. Retrieved
2225:the original
2216:
2210:
2199:the original
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2170:the original
2160:
2149:the original
2136:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2075:
2069:
2036:
2032:
2026:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1884:
1880:
1869:
1860:
1827:
1823:
1794:
1787:
1778:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1751:the original
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:the original
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1670:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1587:. Retrieved
1555:
1548:
1523:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1491:
1481:
1475:
1462:. Retrieved
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1427:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1380:
1373:. Retrieved
1365:
1355:
1341:cite journal
1319:(2): 191–5.
1316:
1312:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1290:the original
1280:
1271:
1259:
1255:
1238:
1233:
1220:
1207:
1180:
1176:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:the original
1091:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1047:
1043:
991:
962:
947:
935:
914:
886:
877:
873:
869:
853:
836:
820:
792:
760:
755:scintigraphy
725:
706:
693:
685:
681:
662:
617:antineutrino
613:
407:
391:
360:
349:
337:
324:
313:
298:
280:
259:
206:radioisotope
201:
197:
193:
192:
170:Decay energy
125:Isotope mass
107:
96:Nuclide data
83:
66:
5043:Propranolol
5025:Inhibitors:
4982:Methimazole
4972:Carbimazole
4964:Inhibitors:
4891:Inhibitors:
4859:Transporter
4824:Antagonists
4413:Tomotherapy
4311:TheraSphere
4307:SIR-Spheres
4196:Gamma Knife
4149:Teletherapy
4066:rhenium-186
4026:bismuth-213
3890:Tositumomab
3722:selenium-75
3712:rubidium-82
3702:nitrogen-13
3697:krypton-81m
3662:fluorine-18
3647:chromium-51
3297:Carfentanil
3243:(including
3086:Arcitumomab
3052:Tilmanocept
3042:Exametazime
2985:Tetrofosmin
2778:Exametazime
2751:Diagnostic
2693:Decay chain
2112:(2): 1–27.
1992:(1): 34–5.
1731:14 November
1705:14 November
1679:. Ecolo.org
993:Perry Mason
858:basis, and
738:Medical use
677:thyroiditis
635:Per capita
371:uranium-235
340:irradiation
251:uranium-233
159:Decay modes
56:radioiodine
5121:Categories
5073:Iodine-131
4940:inhibitors
4795:Resmetirom
4655:modulators
4483:Bragg peak
4426:Conditions
4358:Lexidronam
4343:Iobenguane
4191:Cyberknife
4087:See also:
4081:yttrium-90
4061:radium-223
4046:iodine-131
4036:erbium-169
3865:antibodies
3850:Iobenguane
3836:Adrenergic
3814:Lexidronam
3801:palliation
3743:See also:
3692:iodine-131
3687:iodine-125
3682:iodine-123
3677:indium-111
3672:gallium-68
3667:gallium-67
3531:Setoperone
3456:Fluspidine
3436:Fluorodopa
3419:Altanserin
3410:Flumazenil
3365:Fallypride
3332:Raclopride
3317:Methionine
3312:Flumazenil
3283:(Cimbi-36)
2889:Mertiatide
1925:periods".
1505:26 October
1442:26 October
1018:References
990:TV series
926:iodine-125
918:iodine-123
807:outpatient
803:Saul Hertz
728:iodine-127
720:See also:
414:beta minus
387:iodine-129
334:Production
291:iodine-123
262:beta decay
194:Iodine-131
165:Decay mode
5102:See also:
4977:Genistein
4780:KB-130015
4730:Thyroxine
4513:Isocenter
4508:Dosimetry
4465:equipment
4299: (I)
4140:therapies
3737:xenon-133
3707:oxygen-15
3657:copper-64
3652:cobalt-57
3642:carbon-11
3542:gamma ray
3390:Flubatine
3337:Verapamil
3281:25B-NBOMe
3275:ME@HAPTHI
3091:Votumumab
3047:Sulesomab
3030:infection
2995:Imciromab
2980:Sestamibi
2807:Iomazenil
2662:Heavier:
2642:Lighter:
2267:. reuters
2244:cite book
1947:1864-6433
1646:1389-9155
1609:ignored (
1599:cite book
1382:available
1262:: 48–57.
1145:0021-972X
938:biosolids
856:inpatient
825:to treat
689:Chernobyl
586:γ
562:⟶
550:∗
508:∗
473:¯
470:ν
458:β
455:⟶
410:half-life
385:, unlike
304:tellurium
243:plutonium
103:Half-life
5088:Tyrosine
5078:Selenium
5002:Thiourea
4865:blockers
4790:MB-07811
4785:MB-07344
4693:Agonists
4663:Receptor
4611:therapy.
4518:Mobetron
4401:electron
4280:Prostate
4214:electron
4138:Specific
4041:gold-198
3406:analogue
3255:positron
3191:Dotatate
2392:IAEA.org
2291:CBC News
2234:28 April
2176:12 April
2128:71901469
2053:18670773
2018:20844671
1963:19799564
1955:22382609
1911:13558098
1903:22787108
1844:20625722
1662:13575769
1654:11705004
1584:25057651
1464:14 March
1419:20471848
1363:(2002).
1333:18304904
1107:11 April
1001:See also
426:neutrons
266:mutation
79:Neutrons
4911:(e.g.,
4901:(e.g.,
4810:VK-2809
4805:VK-0214
4775:KB-2611
4725:Liotrix
4669:ligands
4473:BEAMnrc
4360: (
4345: (
4313: (
3404:glucose
3348:Ammonia
3292:Choline
3287:Acetate
3245:tracers
2908:Hepatic
2653:isotope
2009:2934601
1852:9062561
1757:17 June
1683:17 June
1589:3 April
1557:Nations
1375:17 June
1296:17 June
1199:9814445
1153:4134013
785:gland.
783:thyroid
665:thyroid
637:thyroid
422:isotope
365:with a
361:I is a
270:thyroid
255:thorium
239:uranium
62:Protons
34:General
5068:Iodine
5061:Others
4934:Enzyme
4884:
4770:KB-141
4548:Pencil
4406:TARGIT
4256:proton
4233:hadron
4159:photon
3838:tumors
3546:photon
3496:Nifene
3481:Mefway
3402:(FDG)-
3149:
3136:
3123:
2953:Tc-MAA
2920:SeHCAT
2701:Decays
2657:iodine
2583:
2564:
2545:
2460:
2424:
2360:
2324:
2271:15 May
2126:
2083:
2059:
2051:
2016:
2006:
1982:]"
1961:
1953:
1945:
1909:
1901:
1850:
1842:
1802:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1582:
1572:
1536:
1417:
1331:
1197:
1151:
1143:
950:Munich
779:iodide
734:salt.
732:iodate
710:curies
352:eluted
210:iodine
40:Symbol
4831:1-850
4710:DITPA
4705:DIMIT
4478:Bolus
4389:Other
3799:Pain
3550:SPECT
3510:Water
3466:FMISO
3432:(FDS)
3073:Tumor
2855:Renal
2609:(PDF)
2602:(PDF)
2523:6 May
2492:6 May
2482:(PDF)
2433:6 May
2397:6 May
2388:(PDF)
2369:6 May
2333:6 May
2228:(PDF)
2221:(PDF)
2202:(PDF)
2195:(PDF)
2152:(PDF)
2145:(PDF)
2124:S2CID
2061:81465
2057:S2CID
1959:S2CID
1907:S2CID
1848:S2CID
1658:S2CID
1500:(PDF)
1436:(PDF)
1370:(PDF)
1217:(pdf)
1040:(PDF)
418:gamma
367:yield
311:gas.
309:xenon
293:(see
202:I-131
50:Names
4815:ZYT1
3862:CD20
3486:MPPF
3307:DTBZ
3302:DASB
3262:list
2878:ETS2
2711:(β)'
2703:to:
2674:of:
2525:2012
2494:2012
2458:ISBN
2435:2012
2422:ISBN
2399:2012
2371:2012
2358:ISBN
2335:2012
2322:ISBN
2299:2015
2273:2009
2250:link
2236:2011
2178:2009
2081:ISBN
2049:PMID
2014:PMID
1951:PMID
1943:ISSN
1899:PMID
1840:PMID
1800:ISBN
1759:2012
1733:2007
1707:2007
1685:2012
1650:PMID
1642:ISSN
1611:help
1591:2018
1580:PMID
1570:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1507:2010
1466:2011
1444:2010
1415:PMID
1377:2012
1347:link
1329:PMID
1298:2012
1225:IAEA
1195:PMID
1149:PMID
1141:ISSN
1109:2014
899:and
864:ICRP
860:IAEA
773:for
752:MIBG
700:the
416:and
377:and
299:only
241:and
216:and
142:7/2+
138:Spin
5013:DIO
4952:TPO
4877:NIS
4836:NH3
4681:THR
4488:D50
4231:by
4212:by
4157:by
3791:V10
3501:FET
3259:PET
2757:V09
2655:of
2114:doi
2041:doi
2004:PMC
1994:doi
1980:sic
1935:doi
1889:doi
1832:doi
1634:doi
1562:doi
1407:doi
1321:doi
1264:doi
1185:doi
1133:doi
1079:doi
1052:doi
988:CBS
765:in
598:keV
594:364
571:131
557:131
522:keV
518:606
498:131
451:131
237:of
208:of
174:MeV
111:1/2
5123::
4368:Sr
4362:Sm
4290:Pd
4002:Au
3997:Re
3987:Lu
3982:Er
3977:Dy
3972:Sm
3957:Sr
3934:Bi
3929:Ac
3919:Ra
3821:Sr
3809:Sm
3623:Xe
3618:Tl
3613:Tc
3608:Se
3603:Sm
3598:Kr
3578:In
3573:Ga
3568:Co
3563:Cr
3521:Rb
3476:Ga
3355:Cu
3223:/
3186:Cu
3103:In
3081:Tc
3063:Ga
3058:In
3038:Tc
3001:Rb
2991:In
2976:Tc
2955:,
2949:Tc
2944:Kr
2939:Xe
2916:Se
2891:,
2885:Tc
2873:Cu
2840:Tc
2819:,
2780:,
2774:Tc
2708:Xe
2686:)'
2679:Te
2511:.
2484:.
2452:.
2416:.
2390:.
2352:.
2289:.
2246:}}
2242:{{
2122:.
2110:34
2108:.
2104:.
2055:.
2047:.
2037:35
2035:.
2012:.
2002:.
1990:25
1988:.
1984:.
1957:.
1949:.
1941:.
1931:26
1929:.
1905:.
1897:.
1885:53
1883:.
1879:.
1846:.
1838:.
1828:37
1826:.
1814:^
1656:.
1648:.
1640:.
1628:.
1603::
1601:}}
1597:{{
1578:.
1568:.
1560:.
1532:.
1530:82
1413:.
1403:68
1401:.
1379:.
1343:}}
1339:{{
1317:95
1315:.
1270:.
1260:94
1258:.
1246:^
1223:.
1219:.
1193:.
1181:83
1179:.
1175:.
1161:^
1147:.
1139:.
1129:38
1127:.
1075:45
1073:.
1048:45
1046:.
1042:.
1025:^
976:.
829:.
746:A
704:.
679:.
651:/
623:.
577:Xe
566:54
554:54
546:Xe
504:Xe
493:54
448:53
257:.
200:,
153:Xe
131:Da
90:78
73:53
4942:)
4938:(
4915:)
4905:)
4867:)
4863:(
4671:)
4667:(
4644:e
4637:t
4630:v
4364:)
4353:Y
4349:)
4347:I
4333:3
4317:)
4315:Y
4285:I
4122:e
4115:t
4108:v
3993:)
3989:(
3967:I
3962:Y
3952:P
3925:)
3921:(
3885:I
3873:Y
3845:I
3827:)
3823:(
3793:)
3789:(
3778:e
3771:t
3764:v
3593:I
3588:I
3583:I
3556:)
3552:/
3548:(
3544:/
3533:)
3527:)
3523:(
3512:)
3508:(
3506:O
3421:)
3417:(
3415:F
3343:N
3339:)
3277:)
3273:(
3271:C
3264:)
3257:(
3247:)
3231:)
3227:(
3225:I
3221:I
3216:I
3159:F
3155:)
3151:(
3146:I
3142:)
3138:(
3133:I
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