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In most solids, ions rigidly occupy fixed positions, strongly embraced by neighboring atoms or ions. In some solids, selected ions are highly mobile allowing ionic conduction. The mobility increases with temperature. Materials exhibiting this property are used in batteries. A well-known ion
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Lu, Xiaochuan; Xia, Guanguang; Lemmon, John P.; Yang, Zhenguo (2010). "Advanced materials for sodium-beta alumina batteries: Status, challenges and perspectives".
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Ionic conduction in solids has been a subject of interest since the beginning of the 19th century.
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Richard Turton. (2000).The
Physics of Solids. New York:: Oxford University Press.
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that has channels through which sodium cations can hop. When this
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