683:). This rule not only replaces the representation of a monophthong with that of a diphthong, but it also destroys the reversibility of any capitalization process in digital environments, as the combination of uppercase letter and uppercase iota would normally be converted back to lowercase letter and lowercase iota. It is therefore strongly recommended, both for the integrity of text and for the practical compatibility with digital environments, that lowercase letter and iota subscript should be capitalized in all situations and contexts as uppercase letter and iota adscript. A future revision of the above-mentioned Unicode stipulation is linguistically stipulated and digitally inevitable, as its application is both destructive to the text and impractical in digital applications.
671:). Despite their name, which implies the use of an adscript glyph, these code points are defined as being equivalent to a combination of the base letter and the combining subscript character U+0345, just like their lowercase equivalents. They may be variously realized with either a subscript diacritic or a full-sized adscript iota glyph, depending on the font design. For use in all-capitals ("uppercase"), Unicode additionally stipulates a special case-mapping rule according to which lowercase letters should be mapped to combinations of the uppercase letter and uppercase iota (
355:
366:
330:
344:
316:
20:
2154:
567:. Even when present-day Greek is spelled in the traditional polytonic system, the number of instances where a subscript could be written is much smaller than in older forms of the language, because most of its typical grammatical environments no longer occur: the old dative case is not used in modern Greek except in a few fossilized phrases (e.g.
511:
Different conventions exist for the treatment of subscript/adscript iota with uppercase letters. In
Western printing, the most common practice is to use subscript diacritics only in lowercase environments and to use an adscript (i.e. a normal full-sized iota glyph) instead whenever the host letter is
507:
The iota subscript is today considered an obligatory feature in the spelling of ancient Greek, but its usage is subject to some variation. In some modern editions of classical texts, the original pronunciation of long diphthongs is represented by the use of iota adscript, with accents and breathing
319:
Archaizing spelling with adscripts instead of subscripts. In pre-classical times, ancient Greek had long-vowel diphthongs, which evolved into monophthongs, mostly during the classical period and after. They continued to be written as diphthongs until the medieval period, when the iota subscript was
306:
are traditionally called "long diphthongs". They existed in the Greek language up into the classical period. From the classical period onwards, they changed to simple vowels (monophthongs), but sometimes continued to be written as diphthongs. In the medieval period, these spellings were replaced by
1019:
The difference in number between uppercase and lowercase precomposed characters is due to the fact that there are no uppercase combinations with only an accent but no breathing mark, because such combinations do not occur in normal Greek orthography (uppercase letters with accents are used only
182:
In uppercase-only environments, it is represented again either as slightly reduced iota (smaller than regular lowercase iota), or as a full-sized uppercase Iota. In digital environments, and for linguistic reasons also in all other environments, the representation as a slightly reduced iota is
179:. In mixed-case environments, it is represented either as a slightly reduced iota (smaller than regular lowercase iota), or as a full-sized lowercase iota. In the latter case, it can be recognized as iota adscript by the fact that it never carries any diacritics (breathing marks, accents).
512:
capitalized. When this happens in a mixed-case spelling environment (i.e. with only the first letter of a word capitalized, as in proper names and at the beginning of a sentence), then the adscript iota regularly takes the shape of the normal lowercase iota letter (e.g.
530:). In Greece, a more common convention is to print subscript diacritics both with lowercase and uppercase letters alike. Yet another, intermediate convention is to use lowercase adscript iotas both for mixed-case and for all-capitals words (e.g.
508:
marks placed on the first vowel. The same is generally true for works dealing with epigraphy, paleography or other philological contexts where adherence to original historical spellings and linguistic correctness is considered important.
281:, to which they implicitly refer, was sometimes construed as a feminine noun (unlike in classical and in modern Greek, where it is neuter). The Greek terms, transliterated according to their modern pronunciation as
659:, with and without any of the accent and breathing diacritics. In addition, for capitalized ("titlecase") use, Unicode provides a corresponding set of 27 precomposed code points with "prosgegrammeni" (
623:
however, recommends the iota subscript be "transliterated by an i on the line, following the vowel it is associated with (ἀνθρώπῳ, anthrṓpōi)." (11.131 in the 16th edition, 10.131 in the 15th.)
635:
standard, iota subscript is represented by a non-spacing combining diacritic character U+0345 "Combining Greek
Ypogegrammeni". There is also a spacing clone of this character (U+037A,
140:, with the result that, from approximately the 1st century BC onwards, the former long diphthongs were no longer distinguished in pronunciation from the simple long vowels (long
214:
307:
spellings with an iota subscript, to mark former diphthongs which were no longer pronounced. In some
English works these are referred to as "improper diphthongs".
1069:
994:
260:
1462:
136:
The offglide was gradually lost in pronunciation, a process that started already during the classical period and continued during the
236:
1062:
974:
788:
740:
1854:
2135:
564:
919:
641:), as well as 36 precomposed characters, representing each of the usual combinations of iota subscript with lowercase
1055:
2179:
165:, was sometimes still written as a normal letter but was often simply left out. The iota subscript was invented by
1909:
1967:
172:
The alternative practice, of writing the mute iota not under, but next to the preceding vowel, is known as
169:
in the 12th century AD as an editorial symbol marking the places where such spelling variation occurred.
2121:
1293:
563:
in the 19th and early 20th century, but it is generally absent from the modern spelling of present-day
477:
1844:
998:
2184:
1892:
964:
780:
1914:
1380:
1205:
728:
612:
384:
1376:
772:
289:
respectively, were also chosen for use in character names in the computer encoding standard
2189:
1213:
166:
1904:
8:
2158:
1255:
1107:
492:), but this never became the convention (the same word being spelled by other writers as
536:), or to use a special glyph in the shape of a smaller capital iota in the latter case (
1477:
1338:
1209:
694:, the iota subscript is represented by the pipe character "|" placed after the letter.
274:
137:
585:
in subjunctive verbs have been analogically replaced by those of the indicatives with
407:). Besides these it also occurs in the roots of certain words and names, for instance
2053:
1849:
1834:
970:
915:
877:
784:
773:
736:
225:
115:)—phonologically distinct from the corresponding normal or "short" diphthongs (i.e.,
200:), allowing for easy implementation of that recommendation in digital environments.
1839:
1448:
1395:
1308:
703:
427:
398:
158:
130:
1952:
1521:
1444:
1232:
1122:
553:, subscript iota was generally retained in use in the spelling of the archaizing
2027:
1982:
1145:
819:
616:
524:). In an all-capitals environment, the adscript is also regularly capitalized (
209:
126:
48:
2173:
2112:
2068:
1020:
word-initially, and word-initial vowel letters always have a breathing mark).
560:
228:
162:
122:
2140:
1678:
1289:
1251:
1103:
708:
555:
550:
187:
codepoints for all Greek uppercase vowels with iota adscript (for example,
154:
365:
354:
343:
329:
315:
19:
2147:
2083:
388:
141:
1937:
1270:
1190:
231:
1860:
603:). In the monotonic standard orthography, subscript iota is not used.
1997:
1410:
1078:
775:
Manuscripts of the Greek bible: an introduction to Greek palaeography
691:
265:
253:
241:
219:
106:
102:
44:
1357:
1639:
1570:
1492:
1031:
937:
Manual of foreign languages for the use of printers and translators
175:
277:
participle forms because in medieval Greek the name of the letter
2097:
1815:
1175:
935:
von
Ostermann, George Frederick; Giegengack, Augustus E. (1936).
632:
476:
might logically have been treated the same way, and the works of
439:
296:
As a phonological phenomenon, the original diphthongs denoted by
290:
184:
2012:
1766:
1353:
966:
New Hart's Rules: The
Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors
463:
1697:
1507:
1425:
1160:
1141:
1047:
687:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
537:
531:
525:
519:
513:
499:
493:
487:
481:
471:
456:
451:
444:
432:
420:
408:
402:
392:
299:
247:
145:
116:
110:
94:
89:
82:
74:
65:
57:
24:
377:
Different styles of treating mute iota with capital letters
278:
52:
415:
246:), "to write below". Analogously, the adscript is called
69:
31:
939:. United States. Government Printing Office. p. 81.
934:
883:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 9f.
270:), "to write next (to something), to add in writing".
1029:
735:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 19.
383:
The iota subscript occurs most frequently in certain
760:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
320:
introduced, reflecting the change in pronunciation.
876:
559:. It can also be found regularly in older printed
51:shaped like a small vertical stroke or miniature
2171:
1717:
1620:
1561:
826:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 256.
64:placed below the letter. It can occur with the
1882:
1870:
1669:
1630:
808:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 59.
198:GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI
1786:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1590:
1541:
1063:
898:. New York: American Book Company. p. 9.
1727:
1659:
1610:
1806:
988:
986:
874:
779:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
619:, the iota subscript is often omitted. The
598:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
105:after the vowel, forming a so‐called "long
101:. It represents the former presence of an
1796:
1600:
1551:
1070:
1056:
806:New comparative grammar of Greek and Latin
579:"thank God!"), and the old spellings with
397:) as well as in certain verb forms of the
2122:combining character § Unicode ranges
983:
910:Mounce, William D. (November 28, 2009).
314:
18:
914:(3rd ed.). Zondervan. p. 10.
770:
726:
2172:
962:
909:
855:
836:
818:
803:
764:
755:
1051:
893:
797:
385:inflectional affixes of ancient Greek
2136:English terms with diacritical marks
992:
758:New Testament Greek: an introduction
626:
391:endings of many nominal forms (e.g.
16:Diacritic mark in the Greek alphabet
13:
606:
394:τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, τῇ πολιτείᾳ, τῇ γλώσσῃ
14:
2201:
862:Lexiko tis Neas Ellinikis Glossas
843:Lexiko tis Neas Ellinikis Glossas
486:with iota subscript (in the word
2153:
2152:
364:
353:
342:
328:
1023:
1013:
956:
943:
928:
903:
771:Metzger, Bruce Manning (1981).
733:The Ancient Languages of Europe
1077:
887:
875:Mastronarde, Donald J (1993).
868:
849:
830:
812:
749:
720:
203:
1:
2115:(placeholder glyph character)
714:
1086:In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek
949:Eustathius of Thessalonica,
23:Iota subscripts in the word
7:
1030:Thesaurus Linguae Graecae.
969:. OUP Oxford. p. 217.
879:Introduction to Attic Greek
756:McLean, Bradley H. (2011).
697:
10:
2206:
896:Greek grammar for colleges
894:Smyth, Herbert W. (1920).
804:Sihler, Andrew L. (2008).
727:Woodard, Roger D. (2008).
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
500:
494:
488:
482:
478:Eustathius of Thessalonica
472:
457:
445:
433:
421:
409:
403:
393:
300:
259:
248:
235:
213:
212:, the subscript is called
146:
117:
111:
109:". Such diphthongs (i.e.,
95:
75:
58:
25:
2130:
2095:
2039:
1923:
1883:
1871:
1827:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1670:
1660:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1519:
1460:
1085:
995:"Titlecase and Adscripts"
824:Ancient Greek scholarship
690:-based encoding standard
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
2084:tilde § Mathematics
1924:Marks used as diacritics
912:Basics of Biblical Greek
857:
838:
621:Chicago Manual of Style,
613:transliteration of Greek
470:The rare long diphthong
310:
2180:Greek-script diacritics
951:Commentary on the Iliad
856:Babiniotis, Georgios.
837:Babiniotis, Georgios.
480:provide an instance of
183:recommended. There are
1473: ◌҄
1391: ◌͂
1266: ◌̉
1137: ◌̑
1032:"The beta code manual"
963:Ritter, R. M. (2005).
419:(and its derivatives:
321:
275:grammatically feminine
167:Byzantine philologists
36:
1319: ◌ͅ
318:
22:
2159:Category: Diacritics
1963: ◌:
387:, especially in the
273:The Greek names are
161:eras, the iota, now
121:)—were a feature of
1893:dakuten, handakuten
1845:Gurmukhī diacritics
573:"in the meantime";
2040:Non-diacritic uses
1001:on 26 October 2015
322:
138:Hellenistic period
37:
2167:
2166:
2148:Punctuation marks
2054:caret (computing)
1910:Syriac diacritics
1855:diacritics in IPA
1850:Hebrew diacritics
1835:Arabic diacritics
976:978-0-19-165049-9
790:978-0-19-502924-6
742:978-1-139-46932-6
627:Computer encoding
258:), from the verb
234:form of the verb
86:⟨ω⟩
2197:
2156:
2155:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2023: ◌′
2016:
2015:
2009:
2008: ◌˗
2001:
2000:
1998:full stop/period
1994:
1993: ◌.
1986:
1985:
1979:
1978: ◌,
1971:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1948: ◌̸
1941:
1940:
1934:
1933: ◌’
1905:Khmer diacritics
1896:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1840:Greek diacritics
1828:In other scripts
1819:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1535:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1503: ◌҃
1496:
1495:
1489:
1488: ◌҇
1481:
1480:
1474:
1452:
1451:
1449:smooth breathing
1441:
1440: ◌᾿
1437:
1436: ◌῾
1429:
1428:
1422:
1421: ◌̃
1414:
1413:
1407:
1406: ◌͗
1399:
1398:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1372: ◌̥
1369:
1368: ◌̊
1361:
1360:
1350:
1349: ◌̨
1342:
1341:
1335:
1334: ◌̄
1327:
1326:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1304: ◌̛
1297:
1296:
1286:
1285: ◌̢
1282:
1281: ◌̡
1274:
1273:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1247: ◌̏
1244:
1243: ◌̀
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228: ◌̣
1225:
1224: ◌̇
1217:
1216:
1202:
1201: ◌̈
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186: ◌̂
1179:
1178:
1172:
1171: ◌̧
1164:
1163:
1157:
1156: ◌̌
1149:
1148:
1138:
1134:
1133: ◌̆
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118: ◌᷄
1111:
1110:
1100:
1099: ◌̋
1096:
1095: ◌́
1072:
1065:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
997:. Archived from
993:Nicholas, Nick.
990:
981:
980:
960:
954:
947:
941:
940:
932:
926:
925:
907:
901:
899:
891:
885:
884:
882:
872:
866:
865:
853:
847:
846:
834:
828:
827:
816:
810:
809:
801:
795:
794:
778:
768:
762:
761:
753:
747:
746:
724:
704:Greek diacritics
682:
681:
676:
675:
670:
669:
664:
663:
658:
657:
652:
651:
646:
645:
640:
639:
602:
601:
596:
595:
590:
589:
584:
583:
578:
577:
572:
571:
545:
544:
542:
535:
534:
529:
528:
523:
522:
517:
516:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
490:
485:
484:
475:
474:
460:
459:
448:
447:
436:
435:
424:
423:
412:
411:
406:
405:
399:subjunctive mood
396:
395:
368:
357:
346:
332:
305:
303:
302:
269:
263:
257:
251:
250:
245:
239:
223:
217:
199:
196:
193:
191:
149:
148:
120:
119:
114:
113:
100:
98:
97:
87:
80:
78:
77:
63:
61:
60:
28:
27:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2126:
2111:
2108: ◌
2107:
2105:
2091:
2082:
2079: ~
2078:
2076:
2067:
2064: °
2063:
2061:
2052:
2049: ^
2048:
2046:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1919:
1915:Thai diacritics
1891:
1881:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:kana diacritics
1823:
1814:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1667:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1515:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1456:
1445:rough breathing
1443:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1081:
1076:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
991:
984:
977:
961:
957:
948:
944:
933:
929:
922:
908:
904:
892:
888:
873:
869:
859:
854:
850:
840:
835:
831:
820:Dickey, Eleanor
817:
813:
802:
798:
791:
769:
765:
754:
750:
743:
725:
721:
717:
700:
629:
609:
607:Transliteration
540:
381:
380:
379:
378:
374:
373:
372:
369:
360:
359:
358:
349:
348:
347:
338:
337:
336:
333:
313:
297:
206:
197:
194:
189:
188:
150:respectively.
92:
85:
72:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2074:
2059:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2018:
2003:
1988:
1973:
1958:
1943:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1772:
1703:
1684:
1645:
1576:
1526:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1498:
1483:
1467:
1465:
1463:Early Cyrillic
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1431:
1416:
1401:
1386:
1363:
1344:
1329:
1324:iota subscript
1314:
1299:
1294:retroflex hook
1276:
1261:
1238:
1219:
1196:
1181:
1166:
1151:
1146:inverted breve
1128:
1113:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1045:
1044:
1022:
1012:
982:
975:
955:
942:
927:
921:978-0310287681
920:
902:
886:
867:
848:
829:
811:
796:
789:
763:
748:
741:
718:
716:
713:
712:
711:
706:
699:
696:
628:
625:
617:Latin alphabet
608:
605:
565:standard Greek
376:
375:
370:
363:
362:
361:
352:
351:
350:
341:
340:
339:
334:
327:
326:
325:
324:
323:
312:
309:
287:prosgegrammeni
255:prosgegramménē
249:προσγεγραμμένη
221:hupogegramménē
205:
202:
49:Greek alphabet
41:iota subscript
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2202:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Greek letters
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2160:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2113:dotted circle
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2085:
2075:
2070:
2069:degree symbol
2060:
2055:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1939:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1817:
1773:
1768:
1704:
1699:
1685:
1680:
1646:
1641:
1577:
1572:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1509:
1499:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1432:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1397:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1340:
1330:
1325:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1239:
1234:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1192:
1182:
1177:
1167:
1162:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1129:
1124:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1033:
1026:
1016:
1000:
996:
989:
987:
978:
972:
968:
967:
959:
952:
946:
938:
931:
923:
917:
913:
906:
897:
890:
881:
880:
871:
863:
852:
844:
833:
825:
821:
815:
807:
800:
792:
786:
782:
777:
776:
767:
759:
752:
744:
738:
734:
730:
729:"Attic Greek"
723:
719:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
695:
693:
689:
684:
634:
624:
622:
618:
614:
604:
566:
562:
558:
557:
552:
547:
509:
505:
479:
468:
466:
465:
454:
453:
442:
441:
430:
429:
418:
417:
400:
390:
386:
367:
356:
345:
331:
317:
308:
294:
292:
288:
284:
283:ypogegrammeni
280:
276:
271:
268:
262:
256:
244:
238:
233:
230:
227:
222:
216:
215:ὑπογεγραμμένη
211:
201:
186:
180:
178:
177:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
143:
139:
134:
132:
128:
127:pre-classical
124:
123:ancient Greek
108:
104:
91:
84:
71:
67:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
33:
21:
2141:Metal umlaut
1679:chandrabindu
1323:
1290:palatal hook
1256:double grave
1161:caron, háček
1108:double acute
1035:. Retrieved
1025:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
999:the original
965:
958:
950:
945:
936:
930:
911:
905:
895:
889:
878:
870:
861:
851:
842:
832:
823:
814:
805:
799:
774:
766:
757:
751:
732:
722:
709:Hypodiastole
685:
630:
620:
610:
570:ἐν τῷ μεταξύ
556:Katharevousa
554:
551:modern Greek
548:
510:
506:
469:
462:
450:
438:
426:
414:
382:
295:
286:
282:
272:
266:
254:
242:
220:
207:
181:
173:
171:
152:
142:monophthongs
135:
47:mark in the
40:
38:
30:
2190:Koine Greek
1396:perispomene
576:δόξα τῷ θεῷ
204:Terminology
153:During the
2174:Categories
2132:See also:
1938:apostrophe
1271:hook above
1191:circumflex
1079:Diacritics
953:, III 439.
715:References
600:θα γράψεις
267:prosgráphō
243:hupográphō
232:participle
118:ει, οι, ᾰι
112:ηι, ωι, ᾱι
35:", dative)
1859:Japanese
1411:sicilicus
1381:underring
1206:diaeresis
839:προσγράφω
692:Beta Code
615:into the
594:θα γράψῃς
404:λύσῃς, -ῃ
371:Uppercase
335:Titlecase
261:προσγράφω
159:Byzantine
131:classical
107:diphthong
45:diacritic
1640:avagraha
1571:anusvara
1493:pokrytie
1377:overring
1037:5 August
1005:5 August
858:υπογράφω
822:(2007).
698:See also
588:-εις/-ει
495:ὑπόγυιον
489:ὑπόγυͅον
434:τραγῳδία
304:⟩
298:⟨
237:ὑπογράφω
195:ᾼ
176:adscript
103:offglide
99:⟩
93:⟨
79:⟩
73:⟨
68:letters
62:⟩
56:⟨
2098:Unicode
1888:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1816:visarga
1811:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1693:
1689:
1674:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1176:cedilla
686:In the
633:Unicode
631:In the
561:Demotic
533:ΩιΔΕΙΟΝ
527:ΩΙΔΕΙΟΝ
521:Ὠιδεῖον
501:ὑπόγυον
443:etc.);
440:tragedy
301:ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ
291:Unicode
229:passive
226:perfect
224:), the
185:Unicode
147:η, ω, ᾱ
125:in the
2157:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2088:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:hyphen
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1931:
1897:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1820:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1767:virama
1764:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1530:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:kamora
1475:
1471:
1453:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:nosinė
1354:ogonek
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:macron
1336:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1210:umlaut
1203:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1093:
973:
918:
787:
739:
591:(e.g.
515:ᾠδεῖον
464:Thrace
422:ᾠδεῖον
401:(e.g.
389:dative
192:
190:U+1FBC
133:eras.
88:, and
2028:prime
1983:comma
1968:colon
1698:nuqta
1522:Indic
1508:titlo
1426:tilde
1252:grave
1214:other
1142:breve
1104:acute
688:ASCII
582:-ῃς/ῃ
543:ΔΕΙΟΝ
458:Θρᾴκη
452:Hades
428:odeon
311:Usage
210:Greek
174:iota
155:Roman
90:alpha
83:omega
66:vowel
43:is a
1309:horn
1123:apex
1039:2012
1007:2012
971:ISBN
916:ISBN
785:ISBN
737:ISBN
653:and
446:ᾍδης
285:and
279:iota
163:mute
157:and
129:and
53:iota
39:The
29:, ("
2096:In
1953:bar
1520:In
1461:In
1233:dot
611:In
549:In
546:).
504:).
498:or
416:ode
410:ᾠδή
208:In
70:eta
32:ode
26:ᾠδῇ
2176::
1884:◌゚
1872:◌゙
1447:,
1379:,
1356:,
1292:,
1254:,
1212:,
1208:,
1144:,
1106:,
985:^
860:.
841:.
783:.
781:28
731:.
680:ΑΙ
677:→
665:→
647:,
597:→
518:→
473:ῡι
467:.
461:,
455:;
449:,
437:,
431:;
425:,
413:,
293:.
144:)
81:,
1808:ஃ
1798:ଃ
1788:ঃ
1779:ः
1759:်
1749:්
1739:್
1729:్
1719:്
1710:्
1691:़
1671:ྃ
1661:ఁ
1652:ँ
1632:྅
1622:ഽ
1612:ఽ
1602:ଽ
1592:ঽ
1583:ऽ
1563:ം
1553:ଂ
1543:ং
1534:ं
1071:e
1064:t
1057:v
1041:.
1009:.
979:.
924:.
900:;
864:.
845:.
793:.
745:.
674:ᾳ
668:ᾼ
662:ᾳ
656:ω
650:η
644:α
638:ͺ
541:Ι
539:Ω
483:υ
264:(
252:(
240:(
218:(
96:α
76:η
59:ι
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