771:
558:
346:
337:
31:
923:
719:. They founded a confederation that controlled most of Iran and Iraq in the 10th and 11th centuries. Indeed, as Dailamite Iranians the Būyids consciously revived symbols and practices of Persia's Sassānid dynasty. In fact, beginning with 'Adud al-Daula they used the ancient Sassānid title Shāhanshāh (Persian: شاهنشاه), literally meaning king of kings.
1055:
However, alongside
Iranian traditions, the influence of the Shaddadids' Armenian neighbors and relatives was strong, hence the appearance of typically Armenian names such as Ašoṭ among members of the dynasty. Indeed, Qaṭrān even underlines the dynasty's Armenian ancestry, calling Fażlun "the glory of
1263:
The
Iranian intermezzo in fact includes a number of other Iranian ethnic groups, mostly Kurdish, minor dynasties in the former caliphal provinces of Armenia, Albania, and Azerbaijan before the arrival of the Seljuks, such as the Kurdicized Arab Rawwādids in Azerbaijan and the Kurdish Marwānid family
1069:
After the capture of Ani the following year, this old
Bagratid capital was ruled by a Muslim dynasty, the Shaddädids. Although of Kurdish origin, they intermarried with Armenians. The first emir of Ani, Manüchihr, for example, was the son of an Armenian princess, and himself married an
1219:
1264:
in eastern
Anatolia from the tenth to the eleventh centuries. Finally, the most famous Kurdish dynasty, the Shaddādids, came to power in Dabīl/Duin in the tenth century, ruling until the twelfth. The Shaddādids named their children after Sasanian
1399:, Columbia University, 1996. p. 147: "The Sajids were a line of caliphal governors in north-western persia, the family of a commander in the 'Abbasid service of Soghdian descent which became culturally Arabised."
1282:
1797:
554:
to a significant degree. Nevertheless, in a famous edict, Samanid authorities declared that "here, in this region, the language is
Persian, and the kings of this realm are Persian kings."
770:
35:
A map of Iran in the 10th century AD, during the
Iranian Intermezzo with Buwayhid state, Samanid state and its dependencies, Sallarids and its dependencies, Ziyarid state and others.
1268:
and even claimed descent from the
Sasanian line. It is the other branch of the Shaddādid family, which controlled Ani, that Minorsky offers as the "prehistory" of Salāḥ al-Dīn.
1582:, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 270: "Aleppo remained a buffer between the Buyid empire and Byzantium".
1925:
534:(in present-day Afghanistan), the Samanids promoted the arts, giving rise to the advancement of science and literature, and thus attracted scholars such as
1908:
James, Boris (2019), "Constructing the Realm of the Kurds (al-Mamlaka al-Akradiyya): Kurdish In-betweenness and Mamluk Ethnic
Engineering (1130-1340 CE)",
1987:
Rewriting
Caucasian History :The Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles: The Original Georgian Texts and the Armenian Adaptation
1977:
1333:
The
Cambridge History of Iran, By Richard Nelson Frye, William Bayne Fisher, John Andrew Boyle, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1975,
562:
2015:
1881:
550:
in its glory. Scholars note that the Samanids revived Persian more than the Buyids and the Saffarids, while continuing to patronize
2224:
1166:
1935:
1479:
1455:
1346:
1318:
1176:
557:
2259:
1369:
1304:
456:) was an Islamic dynasty that ruled from 889–890 until 929. The Sajids ruled Azerbaijan and parts of Armenia first from
1256:
1228:
2249:
1899:
1503:
1491:
1471:
1447:
1338:
292:
According to the historian Alison Vacca, the Iranian Intermezzo "in fact includes a number of other Iranian, mostly
2229:
2008:
731:(also referred to as the Musafirids or Langarids) was an Islamic Persian dynasty principally known for its rule of
203:. The Iranian revival consisted of Iranian support based on Iranian territory and most significantly a revived
2244:
2239:
1771:
1249:
Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam: Islamic Rule and Iranian Legitimacy in Armenia and Caucasian Albania
1220:
Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam: Islamic Rule and Iranian Legitimacy in Armenia and Caucasian Albania
1171:. Vol. 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge University Press.
2234:
2219:
2001:
1021:
2254:
1971:
1421:
1291:
432:(861–1003), a historical region in southeastern Iran and southwestern Afghanistan. Their capital was
184:
318:
that Minorsky considers the Rawadids to be flourishing during the period of the Iranian intermezzo.
309:
1138:
Narrative and Iranian Identity in the New Persian Renaissance and the Later Perso-Islamicate World
1093:
2095:
1429:
1192:
788:
314:
270:
141:
1993:
775:
953:
who they were in fierce rivalry with. The legitimacy of the Annazid rulers stemmed from the
2188:
1017:
345:
336:
8:
2183:
1459:
958:
846:
671:
204:
1153:
The Middle East: 2,000 Years of History from the Rise of Christianity to the Present Day
1358:
1295:
992:
807:
732:
1876:
1384:
2198:
2193:
2115:
1931:
1895:
1814:
1757:, Vol. 5, ed. J. A. Boyle, John Andrew Boyle, (Cambridge University Press, 1968), 37.
1499:
1487:
1475:
1467:
1451:
1443:
1342:
1334:
1314:
1252:
1224:
1172:
1110:
980:
850:
803:
764:
697:
461:
305:
301:
229:. The Iranian dynasties and entities which comprised the Iranian Intermezzo were the
192:
1299:
2069:
2044:
1946:
1913:
1802:
1628:
1041:
1012:
984:
866:
842:
728:
686:
667:
579:
512:
501:
493:
449:
421:
417:
373:
262:
234:
216:
133:
101:
77:
995:
from c. 959 to 1015. The last Hasanwayhid ruler died in 1015 in Sarmadj, south of
2090:
2064:
2054:
2049:
2039:
1373:
753:
712:
625:
617:
587:
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551:
489:
369:
266:
254:
230:
188:
180:
176:
172:
137:
117:
97:
598:
from 930 to 1090. At its greatest extent, it ruled much of western and northern
2074:
1959:
1806:
1776:
1665:
1602:
1287:
654:
524:
250:
208:
200:
105:
1917:
1366:
219:, the most significant Persian-language literature from this period being the
2213:
2178:
2157:
2059:
1818:
1542:
1531:
The Ornament of Histories: A History of the Eastern Islamic Lands AD 650–1041
1118:
1000:
954:
682:
591:
469:
445:
258:
246:
196:
125:
113:
1136:
815:
191:. The period is noteworthy since it was an interlude between the decline of
2136:
2105:
969:
950:
938:
397:
381:
286:
153:
30:
849:. Through their long tenure in Armenia, they often intermarried with the
834:
795:
757:
516:
389:
2173:
2152:
2100:
973:
827:
799:
709:
647:
643:
613:
595:
401:
393:
274:
242:
238:
145:
129:
109:
1559:
2131:
988:
941:
dynasty which ruled an oscillating territory on the frontier between
922:
889:
881:
473:
221:
82:
Revival of the Iranian national spirit and culture in an Islamic form
2110:
1496:
The Monumental Inscriptions from Early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana
931:
862:
716:
629:
539:
500:), also known as the Samanid Empire or simply Samanids (819–999), (
477:
405:
355:
297:
282:
278:
226:
212:
149:
121:
1654:
The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
1397:
The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
949:
for about 130 years. The Annazids were related by marriage to the
380:) was an Iranian dynasty that ruled over the northeastern part of
1578:
Busse, Heribert (1975), "Iran Under the Buyids", in Frye, R. N.,
996:
907:
903:
838:
740:
736:
547:
543:
465:
457:
207:
and culture in an Islamic form, although there were some Iranian
1698:
History of the Caucasus: Volume 1: At the Crossroads of Empires
911:
894:
877:
658:
650:
621:
535:
433:
429:
2023:
976:
935:
885:
831:
792:
763:
dynasty, centered in the northwestern region of Adharbayjan (
760:
531:
520:
293:
946:
942:
899:
874:
811:
663:
599:
385:
359:
70:
53:
211:
movements rejecting Islam altogether as a religion (e.g.
1854:
1852:
1732:
1385:
Iranicaonline.org AZERBAIJAN iv. Islamic History to 1941
1123:
The Middle East: A brief history of the last 2,000 years
1751:
The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World
1720:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1680:
1678:
662:
origin, ruling at its greatest extent, large parts of
561:
Gold ewer of the Buyid Period, mentioning Buyid ruler
296:, minor dynasties in the former caliphal provinces of
1849:
806:(present day northern Iraq/southeastern Turkey) and
1837:
1703:
1675:
979:dynasty reigning the western parts of Iran such as
1825:
1796:
1281:
16:821–1090 period of native Iranian Muslim dynasties
1462:, William Bayne Fisher, John Andrew Boyle, eds.,
1442:A Historical Atlas of Uzbekistan'", Rosen, 2003,
767:) between the late 8th and early 13th centuries.
384:, in the region of Khorasan (made up of parts of
2211:
961:and the dynasty relied on the Shadhanjan Kurds.
685:, also known as the Buyid Empire or the Buyids (
1794:
1193:"Ferdowsi and the Ethics of Persian Literature"
910:from c. 1051 to 1141. They were related to the
1795:Pezeshk, Manouchehr; Negahban, Farzin (2008).
845:from 951 to 1199 AD. They were established in
2009:
511:) were an Iranian empire in Central Asia and
1223:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 5–7.
1549:, Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 56–58.
782:
530:With their roots stemming from the city of
321:
2016:
2002:
1976:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1564:Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art
1412:, Cambridge University Press, 1957. p. 111
1305:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1141:(Thesis). University of California Irvine.
964:
917:
563:Izz al-Dawla Bakhtiyar ibn Mu'izz al-Dawla
29:
1927:The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
1882:Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia
1656:, Columbia University, 1996. pp. 154–155.
1251:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7.
483:
199:" with the 11th-century emergence of the
1279:
1164:
1117:(London, 1953) and has been taken up by
926:Coins issued by the Hasanwayhid dynasty.
921:
884:origin that held power in western Iran,
821:
769:
556:
1984:
1957:
1944:
1923:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1684:
1594:
1361:– An Historical Guide To Afghanistan –
1242:
1240:
1056:the Bagratid family" (Kasravi, p. 261).
856:
837:dynasty. who ruled in various parts of
428:) was an Iranian empire which ruled in
411:
2212:
1889:
1874:
1858:
1831:
1165:Robinson, Chase F. (4 November 2010).
1134:
722:
628:from 932 until 968. Their capital was
569:
404:). The Tahirid capital was located in
1997:
1907:
1843:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1246:
1216:
1040:Qaṭrān claims the Shaddadids were of
892:(c. 1008–c. 1051). They later became
326:
175:which saw the rise of various native
1964:Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition
1700:, (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021), 265
1626:
1466:, Cambridge University Press, 1975,
1237:
677:
312:states in the second edition of the
1168:The New Cambridge History of Islamb
870:
690:
583:
505:
497:
453:
439:
425:
377:
215:). It also focused on reviving the
13:
1892:Historical Dictionary of the Kurds
1788:
1760:
14:
2271:
1600:
468:. The Sajids originated from the
195:rule and power by Arabs and the "
1363:Sites in Perspective (Chapter 3)
344:
335:
1744:
1690:
1659:
1646:
1620:
1570:
1552:
1536:
1523:
1510:
1484:The New Encyclopædia Britannica
1434:
1415:
1402:
1389:
1378:
1352:
1327:
1113:, "The Iranian Intermezzo", in
1061:
1047:
1034:
542:. While under Samanid control,
2225:Medieval history of Azerbaijan
1273:
1210:
1185:
1158:
1145:
1135:Harter, Conrad Justin (2016).
1128:
1109:designation was introduced by
1099:
1086:
66:Rise of many Iranian Dynasties
1:
1811:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
1755:The Cambridge History of Iran
1587:Dictionary of the Middle Ages
1585:Joseph Reese Strayer (1985),
1580:The Cambridge History of Iran
1464:The Cambridge History of Iran
1079:
715:dynasty that originated from
2033:Persian and Caspian kingdoms
1533:, I. B. Tauris, 2011, p. 53.
1410:Studies in Caucasian History
1115:Studies in Caucasian history
7:
2260:Medieval Iranian Azerbaijan
1985:Thomson, Robert W. (1996).
1890:Gunter, Michael M. (2010),
1529:C. E. Bosworth, ed and tr,
1006:
1003:began entering the region.
700:: Bowyiyün), also known as
10:
2276:
1868:
1652:Clifford Edmund Bosworth,
1395:Clifford Edmund Bosworth,
810:, centered on the city of
774:Coinage of Sallarid ruler
515:, named after its founder
358:-style silver plates from
2166:
2145:
2124:
2083:
2032:
1918:10.1163/9789004385337_003
1372:27 September 2007 at the
1197:UNC-Chapel Hill Libraries
1092:Encyclopædia Britannica:
523:Islam despite being from
93:
88:
60:
48:
40:
28:
23:
2250:Medieval history of Iraq
1958:Peacock, Andrew (2017).
1945:Peacock, Andrew (2011).
1494:, p. 891; Sheila Blair,
1424:, Online Edition, 2007,
1027:
783:Marwanids (983/990–1084)
748:Rawadids (955–1070/1116)
322:Muslim Iranian dynasties
310:Clifford Edmund Bosworth
183:, after the 7th-century
179:Muslim dynasties in the
2230:History of Central Asia
2027:dynasties (800–1100 AD)
1875:Azakai, Parviz (2017),
1670:Encyclopædia Britannica
1422:Encyclopædia Britannica
1313:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1280:Bosworth, C.E. (1995).
1121:, among others, in his
1022:Nizari–Seljuk conflicts
965:Hasanwayhids (959–1015)
918:Annazids (990/991–1117)
205:Iranian national spirit
1924:Kennedy, Hugh (2016).
1247:Vacca, Alison (2017).
1217:Vacca, Alison (2017).
927:
851:Bagratuni royal family
779:
653:dynasty and empire of
566:
484:Samanids (875/819–999)
315:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1770:Aḥmad, K. M. (1985).
1547:Iran in World History
925:
822:Shaddadids (951–1199)
776:Wahsudan ibn Muhammad
773:
637:Ghaznavids (977–1186)
560:
527:theocratic nobility.
476:and were of Iranian (
2245:11th century in Iran
2240:10th century in Iran
2189:Nizari Ismaili state
2125:Khwarezmian kingdoms
1951:Encyclopædia Iranica
1633:Encyclopædia Iranica
1607:Encyclopedia Iranica
1018:Nizari Ismaili state
857:Kakuyids (1008–1141)
743:from 942 until 979.
670:, and the northwest
607:Banu Ilyas (932–968)
412:Saffarids (861–1003)
187:and the fall of the
185:Arab Muslim conquest
2235:9th century in Iran
2184:Kara-Khanid Khanate
1910:Grounded Identities
1894:, Scarecrow Press,
1627:Madelung, Wilferd.
1518:The History of Iran
1460:Richard Nelson Frye
723:Sallarids (942–979)
672:Indian subcontinent
624:origin which ruled
570:Ziyarids (930–1090)
565:, 966-977 CE, Iran.
169:Persian Renaissance
2220:Iranian Intermezzo
2025:Iranian Intermezzo
1989:. Clarendon Press.
1696:Christoph Baumer,
1672:. 25 January 2008.
1359:Nancy Hatch Dupree
1105:Such an obviously
981:Iranian Azerbaijan
928:
780:
733:Iranian Azerbaijan
674:from 977 to 1186.
594:origin that ruled
567:
354:Early 9th century
327:Tahirids (821–873)
171:, was a period in
165:Iranian Intermezzo
24:Iranian Intermezzo
2255:Medieval Khorasan
2207:
2206:
2199:Fatimid Caliphate
2194:Abbasid Caliphate
2116:Hadhabani (tribe)
1972:cite encyclopedia
1937:978-1-317-37639-2
1803:Madelung, Wilferd
1753:, C.E. Bosworth,
1589:, Scribner, 1985.
1480:978-0-521-20093-6
1456:978-0-8239-3868-1
1347:978-0-521-20093-6
1320:978-90-04-09834-3
1178:978-1-316-18430-1
1125:(New York, 1995).
1111:Vladimir Minorsky
1094:Persian dynasties
804:Upper Mesopotamia
678:Buyids (934–1062)
519:who converted to
308:". The historian
162:
161:
2267:
2146:Sogdian kingdoms
2084:Kurdish kingdoms
2070:Sallarid dynasty
2045:Saffarid dynasty
2018:
2011:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1981:
1975:
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1941:
1920:
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1847:
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1835:
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1822:
1813:. Brill Online.
1800:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1767:
1758:
1748:
1742:
1741:, p. xxxvi.
1736:
1730:
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1516:Elton L.Daniel,
1514:
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1406:
1400:
1393:
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1376:
1356:
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1296:Heinrichs, W. P.
1285:
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1103:
1097:
1090:
1073:
1065:
1059:
1051:
1045:
1038:
985:Zagros Mountains
945:and present-day
872:
778:, dated 954-5 CE
754:Rawwadid dynasty
739:, and a part of
729:Sallarid dynasty
692:
585:
513:Greater Khorasan
507:
499:
455:
440:Sajids (889–929)
427:
418:Saffarid dynasty
379:
348:
339:
217:Persian language
134:Sallarid dynasty
102:Saffarid dynasty
78:Persian language
33:
21:
20:
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2065:Kakuyid dynasty
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2050:Samanid dynasty
2040:Tahirid dynasty
2028:
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1969:
1968:
1938:
1902:
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1807:Daftary, Farhad
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1666:"Buyid Dynasty"
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1609:
1601:Nagel, Tilman.
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1541:
1537:
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1515:
1511:
1498:, Brill, 1992,
1439:
1435:
1426:Samanid Dynasty
1420:
1416:
1407:
1403:
1394:
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1374:Wayback Machine
1357:
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1288:Bosworth, C. E.
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1151:Bernard Lewis.
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1009:
972:was a powerful
967:
920:
898:(governors) of
859:
824:
798:dynasty in the
785:
749:
725:
680:
638:
608:
576:Ziyarid dynasty
572:
546:was a rival to
498:سلسلهٔ سامانیان
490:Samanid dynasty
486:
442:
414:
370:Tahirid dynasty
366:
365:
364:
363:
351:
350:
349:
341:
340:
329:
324:
189:Sasanian Empire
181:Iranian Plateau
173:Iranian history
158:
157:
152:
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144:
140:
138:Rawadid dynasty
136:
132:
128:
124:
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118:Ziyarid dynasty
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
98:Tahirid dynasty
76:Revival of the
56:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2075:Bavand dynasty
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1982:
1955:
1942:
1936:
1921:
1905:
1900:
1887:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:, p. 117.
1848:
1836:
1824:
1787:
1777:Iranica Online
1759:
1743:
1731:
1729:, p. 215.
1719:
1702:
1689:
1674:
1658:
1645:
1619:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1569:
1551:
1535:
1522:
1509:
1433:
1414:
1401:
1388:
1377:
1351:
1326:
1319:
1292:van Donzel, E.
1272:
1258:978-1107188518
1257:
1236:
1230:978-1107188518
1229:
1209:
1184:
1177:
1157:
1144:
1127:
1098:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1046:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1008:
1005:
966:
963:
959:Bahāʾ al-Dawla
919:
916:
858:
855:
823:
820:
784:
781:
747:
724:
721:
679:
676:
636:
606:
571:
568:
485:
482:
464:and then from
441:
438:
413:
410:
388:, present-day
353:
352:
343:
342:
334:
333:
332:
331:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
160:
159:
106:Samanid Empire
95:
94:
91:
90:
86:
85:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:rule over Iran
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2272:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:Seljuk Empire
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2158:Sajid dynasty
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:Buyid dynasty
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:. Routledge.
1929:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1901:9780810875074
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1860:
1859:Gunter (2010)
1855:
1853:
1846:, p. 22.
1845:
1840:
1833:
1832:Azakai (2017)
1828:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1791:
1783:
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1778:
1773:
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1747:
1740:
1735:
1728:
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1716:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1699:
1693:
1686:
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1667:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1543:Richard Foltz
1539:
1532:
1526:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1504:90-04-09367-2
1501:
1495:
1493:
1492:0-85229-443-3
1489:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:0-521-20093-8
1469:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:0-8239-3868-9
1445:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1408:V. Minorsky,
1405:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:0-521-20093-8
1336:
1330:
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1308:
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1213:
1198:
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1188:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1119:Bernard Lewis
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1013:Shi'a Century
1011:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
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937:
933:
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913:
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905:
901:
897:
896:
891:
887:
883:
879:
876:
868:
864:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
833:
829:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
794:
790:
777:
772:
768:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
750:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
720:
718:
714:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
684:
683:Buyid dynasty
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
656:
652:
649:
645:
640:
639:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
609:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
581:
577:
564:
559:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
503:
495:
491:
481:
479:
475:
471:
470:Central Asian
467:
463:
459:
451:
447:
446:Sajid dynasty
437:
435:
431:
426:سلسله صفاریان
423:
419:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:سلسله طاهریان
375:
371:
361:
357:
347:
338:
319:
317:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:Sunni Revival
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
156:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
126:Buyid dynasty
123:
119:
115:
114:Sajid dynasty
111:
107:
103:
99:
92:
87:
81:
79:
75:
72:
68:
65:
64:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2106:Hasanwayhids
2024:
1986:
1963:
1950:
1947:"Shaddadids"
1926:
1909:
1891:
1885:(in Persian)
1880:
1844:James (2019)
1839:
1827:
1810:
1790:
1781:
1775:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:Thomson 1996
1734:
1727:Kennedy 2016
1722:
1715:Peacock 2011
1697:
1692:
1685:Peacock 2017
1669:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1632:
1629:"Deylamites"
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1596:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1497:
1485:
1465:
1441:
1440:Aisha Khan,
1436:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1391:
1380:
1362:
1354:
1329:
1310:
1309:Volume VIII:
1303:
1275:
1265:
1262:
1248:
1218:
1212:
1202:19 September
1200:. Retrieved
1196:
1187:
1167:
1160:
1155:. pp. 81–82.
1152:
1147:
1137:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1101:
1088:
1068:
1063:
1054:
1049:
1036:
970:Hasanwayhids
968:
951:Hasanwayhids
939:Sunni Muslim
929:
893:
860:
853:of Armenia.
835:Sunni Muslim
825:
796:Sunni Muslim
786:
758:Sunni Muslim
752:
746:
745:
726:
705:
701:
693:
681:
657:
641:
635:
634:
611:
605:
604:
573:
529:
508:
487:
480:) heritage.
472:province of
443:
415:
398:Turkmenistan
382:Greater Iran
367:
313:
291:
287:Hasanwayhids
220:
201:Seljuq Turks
168:
164:
163:
154:Hasanwayhids
96:
89:Lead figures
18:
1966:. New York.
1960:"Rawwadids"
1877:"آل حسنویه"
1798:"ʿAnnāzids"
1772:"ʿANNAZIDS"
1300:Lecomte, G.
1283:"Rawwādids"
1266:shāhanshāhs
880:dynasty of
620:dynasty of
590:dynasty of
525:Zoroastrian
517:Saman Khuda
390:Afghanistan
209:Zoroastrian
61:Resulted in
2214:Categories
2174:Ghaznavids
2153:Banu Ilyas
2101:Shaddadids
1638:8 February
1612:8 February
1482:, p. 164;
1080:References
828:Shaddadids
816:Diyarbakır
802:region of
800:Diyar Bakr
765:Azerbaijan
648:Persianate
644:Ghaznavids
614:Banu Ilyas
596:Tabaristan
402:Uzbekistan
394:Tajikistan
306:Azerbaijan
275:Shaddadids
243:Ghaznavids
239:Banu Ilyas
146:Shaddadids
130:Ghaznavids
110:Banu Ilyas
2137:Ma'munids
2132:Afrighids
2096:Marwanids
1819:1875-9831
1458:, p. 23;
1349:; p. 121.
1070:Armenian.
999:, as the
993:Khuzestan
989:Shahrizor
890:Kurdistan
882:Daylamite
873:) were a
871:آل کاکویه
789:Marwanids
708:, were a
702:Buwaihids
586:) was an
509:Sāmāniyān
474:Ushrusana
271:Marwanids
263:Sallarids
235:Saffarids
222:Shahnameh
142:Marwanids
2167:See also
2111:Annazids
1809:(eds.).
1603:"Buyids"
1506:, p. 27.
1486:, 1987,
1370:Archived
1302:(eds.).
1042:Sasanian
1020:and the
1007:See also
987:between
932:Annazids
863:Kakuyids
717:Daylaman
668:Khorasan
646:were an
630:Bardasir
616:were an
540:Avicenna
506:سامانیان
406:Nishapur
356:Sasanian
283:Annazids
279:Kakuyids
267:Rawadids
255:Ziyarids
251:Samanids
231:Tahirids
227:Ferdowsi
213:Mardavij
150:Annazids
122:Kakuyids
49:Location
44:821–1055
1869:Sources
1520:, p. 74
1311:Ned–Sam
1044:origin.
1001:Seljuks
997:Bisotun
977:Kurdish
936:Kurdish
908:Abarkuh
904:Isfahan
895:atabegs
867:Persian
839:Armenia
832:Kurdish
830:were a
808:Armenia
793:Kurdish
791:were a
761:Kurdish
741:Armenia
737:Shirvan
706:Buyyids
698:Caspian
687:Persian
622:Sogdian
618:Iranian
588:Iranian
584:زیاریان
580:Persian
548:Baghdad
544:Bukhara
502:Persian
494:Persian
478:Sogdian
466:Ardabil
458:Maragha
450:Persian
422:Persian
374:Persian
302:Albania
298:Armenia
294:Kurdish
193:Abbāsid
177:Iranian
69:End of
1934:
1898:
1817:
1560:"Ewer"
1502:
1490:
1478:
1470:
1454:
1446:
1345:
1337:
1317:
1298:&
1255:
1227:
1175:
1107:coined
934:was a
912:Buyids
878:Muslim
756:was a
713:Iranic
694:Buyiān
691:بوییان
659:mamluk
655:Turkic
651:Muslim
626:Kerman
592:Gilaki
552:Arabic
536:Rudaki
454:ساجیان
434:Zaranj
430:Sistan
400:, and
304:, and
259:Buyids
247:Sajids
1801:. In
1286:. In
1028:Notes
957:amir
955:Buyid
886:Jibal
843:Arran
532:Balkh
521:Sunni
462:Barda
167:, or
1978:link
1932:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1815:ISSN
1640:2012
1614:2012
1500:ISBN
1488:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1430:LINK
1367:Link
1365:...
1343:ISBN
1335:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1204:2023
1173:ISBN
991:and
983:and
974:Shia
947:Iraq
943:Iran
930:The
906:and
900:Yazd
888:and
875:Shia
861:The
847:Dvin
841:and
826:The
812:Amid
787:The
727:The
710:Shia
664:Iran
642:The
612:The
600:Iran
574:The
538:and
488:The
460:and
444:The
416:The
386:Iran
368:The
360:Merv
285:and
71:Arab
54:Iran
41:Date
1914:doi
818:).
704:or
225:by
2216::
1974:}}
1970:{{
1962:.
1949:.
1912:,
1879:,
1851:^
1805:;
1782:II
1780:.
1774:.
1762:^
1705:^
1677:^
1668:.
1631:.
1605:.
1562:.
1545:,
1474:,
1450:,
1428:,
1341:,
1294:;
1290:;
1261:.
1239:^
1195:.
914:.
902:,
869::
735:,
696:,
689::
666:,
632:.
602:.
582::
504::
496::
452::
436:.
424::
408:.
396:,
392:,
376::
300:,
289:.
281:,
277:,
273:,
269:,
265:,
261:,
257:,
253:,
249:,
245:,
241:,
237:,
233:,
2017:e
2010:t
2003:v
1980:)
1953:.
1940:.
1916::
1834:.
1821:.
1784:.
1717:.
1687:.
1642:.
1616:.
1566:.
1323:.
1307:.
1233:.
1206:.
1181:.
1096:.
1072:"
1067:"
1058:"
1053:"
865:(
814:(
578:(
492:(
448:(
420:(
372:(
362:.
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