92:
78:
631:
656:
708:
3380:
3390:
2260:
1959:
1078:
3400:
143:
3410:
1479:. The emerging class of Sunni and Shia landowning tribal sheikhs vied for positions of power with wealthy and prestigious urban-based Sunni families and with Ottoman-trained army officers and bureaucrats. Because Iraq's newly established political institutions were the creation of a foreign power, and because the concept of democratic government had no precedent in Iraqi history, the politicians in
1919:
Iraq under the monarchy faced two bare alternatives: either the country would have plunged into chaos or its population should become universally the clients and dependents of an omnipotent but capricious and unstable government. To these two alternatives the overthrow of the monarchy has not added a
1716:
al-Midfaai's government declared martial law in
Baghdad and its surroundings, started a purge in government of Pro-Gaylani elements, banned the listening of axis-aligned radio, and various other procedures aimed at keeping security and order in the country. Despite all these security procedures, this
1720:
Midfaai's government was split over the usage of force to cleanse the country of Pro-Gaylani elements, and some ministers were not amused of having to ally with
Britain, neither did the Prime minister Himself entertain the idea of creating so many arrests. This policy outraged both the British and
1666:
established itself on the high ground to the south of the
Habbaniyah air force base. An Iraqi envoy was sent to demand that no movements, either ground or air, were to take place from the base. The British refused the demand and then themselves demanded that the Iraqi army leave the area at once.
1936:, Yezidis, Jews, Mandaeans, Shabaks, Armenians, and Kawliyah. During the Iraqi Hashemite rule, Arab population began to expand at the expense of other ethnic groups both due to higher birth rates and government policies which preferred Arab Sunni minority over other ethnic and religious groups.
1521:
in June 1930, whereby the United
Kingdom would end its effective mandate on the condition that the Iraqi government would allow British advisers to take part in government affairs, allow British military bases to remain, and a requirement that Iraq assist the United Kingdom in wartime. Strong
1563:
Upon achieving official independence in
October 1932, political tensions arose over the continued British presence in the new Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, with Iraq's government and politicians split between those considered pro-British politicians, such as
1303:, broke out across Baghdad as a popular demand against the government treaty with the British, and with support from the communists. More protests continued in the spring, but were interrupted in May, when martial law was imposed after Iraq entered the
130:
1799:, broke out across Baghdad as a popular demand against the government treaty with the British, and with communist party support. More protests continued in spring, but were interrupted in May, with the martial law, when Iraq entered the
1658:
as a more compliant Regent instead, and attempted to restrict the rights of the
British under the treaty from 1930. Rashid Ali attempted to secure control over Iraq asking assistance of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan.
1449:
failed to restore order. British administration had yet to be established in the mountains of north Iraq. The most striking problem facing the
British was the growing anger of the nationalists in the Iraqi kingdom.
1483:
lacked legitimacy and never developed deeply rooted constituencies. Thus, despite a constitution and an elected assembly, Iraqi politics was more a shifting alliance of important personalities and cliques than a
1727:, was at the top of the politicians who wanted a change to al-Midfaai's policy, and believed in the usage of harsher measures to keep security in the country, he submitted his resignation on 2 September 1941.
129:
1194:
resulted in the scrapping of the original mandate plan in favour of a formally sovereign Iraqi kingdom, but one that was under effective
British administration. The plan was formally established by the
1507:
and the right to move troops across the country. The treaty, of twenty-five years' duration, was to come into force upon Iraq's admission to the League of
Nations. This occurred on October 3, 1932.
1591:
in Jabal Sinjar were crushed in 1935. Throughout the period political instability led to an exchange of numerous governments. Bakr Sidqi himself ascended to power in 1936, following a successful
1725:
131:
1856:) which planned to launch the coup after training by controlling strategic sites in Baghdad and arresting the Regent and King. The coup failed however, as the training was suddenly stopped .
1730:
The resignation of
Ibrahim Kamal weakened Midfaai's government, and the retired minister began calling for some politician to prepare the formation of a new government, and paved the way for
1575:
Various ethnic and religious factions tried to gain political accomplishments during this period, often resulting in violent revolts and a brutal suppression by the Iraqi military, led by
1488:
in the Western sense. The absence of broadly based political institutions inhibited the early nationalist movement's ability to make deep inroads into Iraq's diverse social structure.
1522:
political tensions existed between Iraq and the United Kingdom even upon gaining independence. After gaining independence in 1932, the Iraqi government immediately declared that
1667:
After a further ultimatum given in the early hours of May 2 expired, at 0500 hours the British began bombing the Iraqi troops threatening the base, marking the beginning of the
1722:
1709:
as Prime minister and dominated the politics of Iraq until the overthrow of the monarchy and the royal family's assassination in 1958. the Government pursued a largely pro-
2642:
1899:
along with members of the Royal Family were executed in the courtyard of the Rihab Palace in central Baghdad (the young King had not yet moved into the newly completed
1517:. However, the British retained military bases in the country. Iraq was granted official independence on 3 October 1932 in accordance with an agreement signed by the
1210:, it underwent a period of turbulence under its Hashemite rulers throughout its entire existence. Establishment of Sunni religious domination in Iraq was followed by
1818:
reached his majority on 2 May 1953, ending the regency of Abd al-Ilah, who continued however to be influential in politics due to his influence on the young king.
4946:
1772:
The period following the end of the occupation was a time of the creation of various political parties opposed to or supportive of the government including the
5087:
1849:
being heavily involved in the negotiations to form it. Major protest and opposition followed the pact, as many did not approve of an alliance led by the west.
1924:
The task of the subsequent governments was to find that third alternative, mainly to establish a modern state that is stable but also politically integrated.
1475:, Iraqi politics took on a new dynamic. The treaty came into force on 3 October 1932, when the Kingdom of Iraq officially became fully independent as the
5047:
2671:
1717:
did not satisfy the British who demanded the disbanding of the Iraqi army and arresting any who supported, joined, or was sympathetic to the 1941 coup.
2941:
1183:
1230:
succeeded in replacing the acting Prime Minister with his associate. Multiple coups followed in a period of political instability, peaking in 1941.
2555:
1734:
to become the head of a new government. Jameel al-Midfaai's government retired and Abd al-Ilah ordered Nuri to form a new government in 9 October.
1932:
The population estimate in 1920 was 3 million, with the largest ethnic groups being Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, and Turkmens, with minorities of
3994:
3822:
3737:
3476:
1940:
1495:
was signed in June 1930. It provided for a "close alliance," for "full and frank consultations between the two countries in all matters of
1852:
In September 1956, a planned coup was discussed during spring training by a military faction known as the free officers (inspired by the
1372:
91:
1399:. It provided the United Kingdom with a role in the administration and governance of Iraq. King Faisal had previously been proclaimed
2559:
2007:
1654:. His fleeing caused a constitutional crisis upon the new government. Rashid Ali did not abolish the monarchy, but installed ٍSharif
1106:
1391:. Not withstanding the formal sovereignty of the Iraqi king, a treaty of alliance was concluded between the Kingdom of Iraq and the
3891:
2931:
1587:
were brutally suppressed in mid-Euphrates region of Iraq, and in parallel an anti-conscription Kurdish uprising in the north and a
4209:
1634:
and placed Rashid Ali al-Gaylani as prime minister of a pro-Nazi government called "the National defense government", the Regent
1387:
resulted in the scrapping of the original mandate plan. Instead, the Kingdom of Iraq was recognised as a sovereign country under
1357:
5052:
3481:
1773:
1415:
by the French in July of the same year. The British RAF retained certain military control. In this manner, Iraq remained under
1721:
the regent, who saw his policy of empathy as indirectly supporting opposition and radical movements. The minister of Finance,
1618:
occurred, led by the chief officers of the army against the government to pressure the government to concede to army demands.
4261:
3816:
2247:
2201:
2169:
4226:
2225:
5082:
3446:
2683:
2590:
4714:
2585:
5072:
4719:
2936:
2852:
2575:
2540:
1064:
1368:
3984:
2980:
2066:
1808:
1781:
1280:
against the central government in Baghdad. After the failure of the uprising, Barzani and his followers fled to the
1202:
The role of the United Kingdom in the formal administration of the Kingdom of Iraq was ended in 1932, following the
4529:
3068:
3053:
2649:
2637:
1803:
along with other members of the Arab League. Various other protests against the government appeared, including the
1745:
against the central government in Baghdad. After the failure of the uprising Barzani and his followers fled to the
1219:
1990:, the conference among victorious Allied powers that partitioned the Ottoman Empire and led to the Kingdom of Iraq
3927:
3471:
2926:
2912:
2664:
2314:
1059:
739:
383:
4506:
4009:
2530:
1853:
1584:
1049:
5067:
4343:
1269:
1099:
17:
4997:
3979:
3967:
3486:
2676:
879:
1627:
1592:
1249:
1223:
506:
4860:
4774:
4669:
4584:
4501:
3999:
3871:
3726:
3225:
2990:
2953:
2885:
2654:
1944:
454:
77:
5062:
5007:
4922:
4511:
4409:
3403:
3078:
3058:
2900:
2890:
2880:
2580:
2570:
2349:
799:
4699:
1532:
of Basra for centuries until the British had formally severed it from the Ottoman influence after the
4977:
4664:
4599:
4589:
4574:
3909:
3856:
3766:
3030:
2875:
2445:
2240:
1800:
1603:
in a car crash in 1939 suspected to have been planned by the British, causing a regency under Prince
1492:
1468:
1304:
1203:
4799:
1536:. It was on this basis the Iraqi government stated that Kuwait was a British imperialist invention.
5057:
5042:
4419:
4399:
4364:
4317:
4271:
3623:
3439:
3117:
3088:
2732:
1900:
1785:
1674:
Hostilities lasted from May 2 to May 31, 1941, between Iraqis and the British and their indigenous
1404:
1260:. The short-lived pro-Nazi government of Iraq was defeated in May 1941 by the Allied forces in the
1092:
904:
687:
4297:
3989:
3972:
3962:
3937:
3781:
3507:
3345:
3093:
2757:
2490:
1548:
reigned as a figurehead from 1933 to 1939, when he was killed in a motor accident. Pressure from
1400:
824:
264:
2220:
1499:," and for mutual assistance in case of war. Iraq granted the British the use of air bases near
1360:
under the British military from 1918. In order to transform the region to civil rule, Mandatory
1318:
and Prince `Abd al-Ilāh proposed a union of Hāshimite monarchies to counter the recently formed
5017:
4932:
4779:
4491:
4424:
4292:
4241:
4173:
4073:
4063:
3861:
3796:
3603:
3532:
3048:
2907:
2777:
2752:
2622:
2374:
2193:
1860:
1526:
was rightfully a territory of Iraq. Kuwait had loosely been under the authority of the Ottoman
1133:
1032:
934:
834:
532:
2183:
5002:
4982:
4962:
4825:
4789:
4744:
4689:
4481:
4476:
4251:
4198:
4023:
3932:
3901:
3841:
3791:
3573:
3563:
3413:
3152:
3020:
2632:
2505:
2484:
2404:
2364:
2255:
1972:
1804:
1651:
1569:
1511:
1175:
1019:
844:
4153:
5077:
4987:
4906:
4870:
4820:
4679:
4604:
4389:
4266:
4058:
3833:
3811:
3806:
3771:
3713:
3247:
3129:
3063:
3025:
2921:
2847:
2842:
2767:
2615:
2233:
1864:
1789:
1319:
1253:
260:
180:
97:
2170:
https://archive.org/details/KedourieElieTheChathamHouseVersionAndOtherMiddleEasternStudies
1599:
but was later assassinated in 1937 during a visit to Mosul, followed by the death of King
8:
5012:
4957:
4794:
4784:
4769:
4759:
4724:
4654:
4569:
4539:
4486:
4203:
3957:
3952:
3851:
3846:
3613:
3568:
3527:
3432:
3189:
3147:
3073:
2948:
2870:
2399:
2369:
2354:
1987:
1863:
and `Abd al-Ilāh proposed a union of Hāshimite monarchies to counter the recently formed
1796:
1742:
1568:, who did not oppose a continued British presence, and anti-British politicians, such as
1300:
1277:
1002:
839:
804:
416:
1380:
4911:
4734:
4729:
4694:
4674:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4614:
4609:
4554:
4461:
4307:
4178:
4068:
4048:
4004:
3947:
3942:
3919:
3886:
3876:
3866:
3748:
3320:
3315:
3300:
3262:
3237:
3174:
3035:
2970:
2605:
2414:
2329:
1939:
In 1955, Iraqi population reached 6.5 million people. This was after the Iraqi Kingdom
1904:
1892:
1880:
1588:
1396:
1327:
1215:
1196:
974:
909:
864:
759:
572:
118:
3162:
1326:, formed on 14 February 1958, was short-lived and ended the same year with a military
4937:
4927:
4890:
4764:
4749:
4624:
4594:
4564:
4559:
4534:
4471:
4466:
4456:
4327:
4276:
4163:
4158:
3881:
3517:
3502:
3389:
3340:
3305:
3142:
3083:
2985:
2895:
2865:
2860:
2727:
2722:
2706:
2595:
2535:
2455:
2450:
2359:
2197:
2062:
1896:
1815:
1706:
1608:
1553:
1427:
1412:
1384:
1365:
1331:
1311:
1191:
1054:
919:
914:
809:
315:
142:
1884:
4953:
4917:
4835:
4659:
4429:
4374:
4337:
4312:
4302:
4236:
4188:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4088:
4083:
3776:
3522:
3232:
3167:
3157:
2831:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2742:
2717:
2189:
1663:
1655:
1596:
1514:
1388:
1265:
1234:
924:
472:
357:
291:
252:
192:
188:
184:
1752:
4830:
4579:
4549:
4544:
4404:
4394:
4349:
4332:
4168:
4123:
4038:
3756:
3731:
3578:
3330:
3295:
3184:
3179:
3098:
3009:
2747:
2600:
2512:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2344:
2319:
2304:
2291:
2279:
1982:
1868:
1826:
1738:
1675:
1668:
1635:
1631:
1604:
1580:
1533:
1353:
1323:
1273:
1261:
1245:
1211:
1179:
1124:
949:
939:
874:
869:
794:
744:
729:
696:
649:
519:
467:
372:
345:
176:
48:
4972:
4754:
4739:
4704:
4444:
4439:
4322:
4256:
4128:
3786:
3761:
3666:
3583:
3537:
3310:
3285:
2565:
2495:
1838:
1777:
1762:
1557:
1518:
1496:
1472:
1392:
1376:
1343:
1292:
1187:
1171:
1039:
979:
964:
884:
636:
536:
493:
442:
326:
1638:
fled the royal palace after learning of this and with British support went to
5036:
4619:
4384:
4379:
3801:
3659:
3618:
3598:
3383:
3335:
3325:
3290:
3242:
3219:
3194:
2958:
2787:
2782:
2659:
2460:
2309:
1846:
1710:
1694:
1600:
1545:
1504:
1438:
1238:
954:
929:
734:
602:
303:
257:
4148:
1693:'s supporters, resulting in deaths of some 180 Jews and heavy damage to the
1556:
demanded that the British leave Iraq, but their demands were ignored by the
1264:. Iraq was later used as a base for Allied attacks on the Vichy-French-held
4709:
4231:
4193:
4093:
3676:
3209:
2975:
2772:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2299:
1933:
1912:
1908:
1842:
1822:
1758:
1746:
1731:
1572:, who demanded that remaining British influence in the country be removed.
1565:
1510:
In 1932, the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq was granted full independence under
1349:
1288:
1281:
1014:
1009:
984:
724:
559:
403:
272:
211:
83:
4941:
4450:
4246:
4138:
4133:
4053:
3644:
3628:
3393:
3355:
3204:
3040:
2965:
2762:
2324:
1964:
1766:
1549:
1361:
1296:
1160:
1082:
897:
754:
590:
2022:. Lanham, Maryland and Oxford: The Scarecrow Press, Ltd., 2004. p. lvii.
1337:
707:
4496:
4434:
4353:
3593:
3558:
2470:
1888:
1690:
1678:. The British would continue to occupy Iraq for many years afterwards.
1639:
1615:
1576:
1257:
1227:
989:
959:
944:
772:
717:
430:
1528:
4855:
4845:
4414:
3721:
3608:
3280:
3252:
3199:
2737:
2429:
2389:
1705:
After the Anglo-Iraqi War ended, Abd al-ilah returned as Regent with
1485:
1431:
969:
819:
229:
2035:. 5th edition. Belmont, California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. p. 839.
4992:
4875:
4865:
4684:
4183:
3455:
2797:
2627:
2610:
2384:
2379:
1830:
1442:
1408:
1206:. Now officially a fully independent kingdom, officially named the
857:
829:
814:
597:
477:
223:
2056:
1539:
4885:
4840:
4815:
4369:
4078:
3696:
3649:
3588:
3512:
3466:
3257:
3214:
2394:
2339:
1874:
1686:
1480:
1464:
1435:
789:
240:
217:
156:
1621:
4967:
4880:
4143:
4043:
3686:
3542:
3137:
2792:
1834:
1753:
The end of the British occupation until the end of the monarchy
1682:
1647:
1523:
1315:
1242:
784:
245:
166:
3424:
3350:
2334:
2043:
2041:
1643:
1500:
1446:
779:
748:
205:
4850:
3691:
3681:
3671:
3654:
2545:
2522:
2265:
2259:
1977:
1423:
1422:
Under King Faisal of Iraq, the civil government of postwar
674:
2167:
The Chatham House Version and Other Middle Eastern Studies
2038:
1685:
massacre broke out in Baghdad on June 2, initiated by the
1222:
unrests, which were all brutally suppressed. In 1936, the
2059:
The Future of Iraq: Dictatorship, Democracy or Division?
1700:
1646:, he would spend the rest of the following months in
1338:
Kingdom of Iraq under de facto British administration
1954:
1883:
lasted until 1958, when it was overthrown through a
1138:
55:
2090:] (in Arabic). Dar Al-Nafaes. pp. 190–191.
1299:. In 1948, massive violent protests, known as the
1579:. In 1933, thousands of Assyrians were killed in
1352:was under Ottoman dominance until the end of the
5034:
1795:In 1948, massive violent protests, known as the
1226:took place in the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, as
1681:In the aftermath of the Iraqi defeat, a bloody
1540:Political instability and army coups, 1933–1941
2050:
1875:14 July Revolution and the end of the monarchy
5088:States and territories disestablished in 1958
3440:
2241:
2153:Secrets of the 14 July 1958 rebellion in Iraq
2057:Gareth Stansfield; Anderson, Liam D. (2004).
1622:Anglo-Iraqi War and second British occupation
1307:along with other members of the Arab League.
1100:
2146:
1911:and established friendly relations with the
111:
40:
2031:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J.
1373:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1144:
5048:States and territories established in 1932
3447:
3433:
2248:
2234:
1107:
1093:
141:
2556:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
1947:(some 130 thousand people) in 1951–1952.
1821:In 1955, to counter the influence of the
1630:overthrew the pro-British Prime minister
1445:after the murder of a British officer in
2380:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
2194:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748686025.001.0001
1471:on 30 June 1930 and the settling of the
1166:It was founded on 23 August 1921 as the
1140:al-Mamlakah al-ʿIrāqiyyah ʾal-Hāshimyyah
57:al-Mamlakah al-ʿIrāqiyyah ʾal-Hāshimyyah
2181:
2109:Taqoosh, Muhammad Salih. Pages 196-197.
2088:Modern and contemporary history of Iraq
2081:
2018:Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth K.
1272:. At the same time, the Kurdish leader
14:
5035:
3482:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
1375:, when the former territories of that
1371:under Article 22 and entrusted to the
27:Independent Iraqi monarchy (1932–1958)
3712:
3428:
3115:
3007:
2829:
2704:
2277:
2229:
2118:
1614:From 1917 to 1946, five coups by the
1544:After Faisal died in September 1933,
3409:
3351:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
1765:and became a founding member of the
1757:In 1945, during the final stages of
1295:and became a founding member of the
1287:In 1945, during the final stages of
3399:
2221:Constitution of the Kingdom of Iraq
2061:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
1943:of its Jewish population following
1419:British administration until 1932.
1379:were divided in August 1920 by the
1128:
112:
41:
24:
3477:List of current sovereign monarchs
2149:اسرار ثورة 14 تموز 1958م في العراق
2137:Taqoosh, Muhammad Salih. Page 260.
1701:Following the end of the 1941 coup
127:
25:
5099:
2214:
1809:1953 Iraqi parliamentary election
3995:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3408:
3398:
3388:
3379:
3378:
2684:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
2258:
2127:]. pp. 38–39 chapter 6.
2082:Taqoosh, Muhammad Sahil (2015).
1957:
1871:was formed on 14 February 1958.
1076:
706:
654:
629:
548:• Exit of British soldiers
90:
76:
3472:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
3163:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
2586:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
2576:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
2315:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
2175:
2159:
2140:
2131:
1927:
1907:to power. He withdrew from the
1854:Egyptian Free Officers Movement
1458:
740:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
3454:
2446:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
2188:. Edinburgh University Press.
2182:Donabed, Sargon (2015-03-01).
2112:
2103:
2094:
2084:تاريخ العراق (الحديث والمعاصر)
2075:
2025:
2012:
2001:
1237:, the Iraqi government of the
1170:, following the defeat of the
13:
1:
5053:Former countries in West Asia
2705:
2185:Reforging a Forgotten History
2020:Historical Dictionary of Iraq
1994:
1784:led by Nuri Al-Said, and the
1270:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
1159:) was a state located in the
3487:List of monarchy referendums
2942:in ISIL-controlled territory
2830:
2147:Abd al-Hamid, Sabhi (1994).
2119:Husni, Abd Al-Razaq (1953).
2100:Ghareeb; Dougherty. p. lviii
1807:which ended just before the
1737:In 1943, the Kurdish leader
1723:Ibrahim Kamal al-Ghuthunfiri
341:• 1939–1941 (1st time)
7:
5083:1932 establishments in Iraq
3116:
3008:
2853:Council of Representatives
2591:Weapons of mass destruction
2278:
2125:History of Iraqi Ministries
2047:Ghareeb; Dougherty. p. lvii
1950:
1945:Operation Ezra and Nehemiah
1139:
56:
10:
5104:
2581:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
1782:Constitutional Union Party
1453:
1341:
1055:Ba'athist rule (1968–2003)
1050:Republic of Iraq (1958–68)
5073:Former monarchies of Asia
4899:
4808:
4522:
4285:
4219:
4031:
4022:
3918:
3900:
3832:
3747:
3705:
3637:
3551:
3495:
3462:
3374:
3273:
3128:
3124:
3111:
3016:
3003:
2838:
2825:
2713:
2700:
2521:
2438:
2290:
2286:
2273:
1774:National Democratic Party
1607:over the 4 year old king
1585:series of Shi'a uprisings
1477:Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
1208:Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
1204:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1930)
1184:League of Nations mandate
1129:المملكة العراقية الهاشمية
1121:Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
670:
608:
596:
586:
582:
569:
556:
546:
529:
516:
503:
492:• Independence from
490:
486:
460:
448:
436:
426:
422:
410:
398:• 1932–1933 (first)
396:
392:
382:
378:
363:
351:
339:
335:
325:
321:
309:
297:
285:
281:
271:
251:
239:
198:
172:
162:
149:
140:
106:
72:
67:
42:المملكة العراقية الهاشمية
34:Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
32:
3624:Self-proclaimed monarchy
2932:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
2843:Administrative divisions
2033:World History: From 1500
1786:Iraqi Independence Party
1405:Syrian National Congress
412:• 1958–1958 (last)
3892:Vatican City (Holy See)
2491:Mandate for Mesopotamia
2365:First Babylonian Empire
2121:تاريخ الوزارات العراقية
1595:against prime minister
1334:deposing the monarchy.
1154:Iraqi Hashemite Kingdom
825:First Babylonian Empire
265:constitutional monarchy
163:Official languages
4174:Islands of Refreshment
3604:Legitimacy (political)
2650:Insurgency (2011–2013)
2571:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
2375:Middle Assyrian Empire
2165:Ellie Kedourie, 2004,
2155:]. pp. 39–40.
1922:
1861:King Hussein of Jordan
1628:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
1493:new Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
1411:in March 1920 but was
835:Middle Assyrian Empire
135:
3985:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3574:Criticism of monarchy
3564:Abolition of monarchy
2937:in post-invasion Iraq
2643:U.S. troop withdrawal
2405:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1973:List of Kings of Iraq
1917:
1865:Egyptian–Syrian union
1801:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1570:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
1389:King Faisal I of Iraq
1320:Egyptian–Syrian union
1305:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1176:Mesopotamian campaign
960:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
930:Buyid amirate of Iraq
845:Neo-Babylonian Empire
173:Common languages
134:
5068:20th century in Iraq
3817:United Arab Emirates
2886:Council of Ministers
2768:Mesopotamian Marshes
1903:). The coup brought
1825:on the Middle East,
1790:Muhammad Mahdi Kubba
1713:during this period.
1652:Mandate of Palestine
1611:lasting until 1953.
1463:With the signing in
1268:and support for the
1256:officers, headed by
1060:Occupation (2003–11)
450:• Lower Chamber
438:• Upper Chamber
367:1941–1953 (2nd time)
5013:Trinidad and Tobago
4900:Commonwealth realms
4785:United Baltic Duchy
3928:Antigua and Barbuda
3920:Commonwealth realms
3614:Order of succession
3148:Mesopotamian Arabic
2954:Freedom of religion
2400:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2370:Old Assyrian Period
2355:Neo-Sumerian Empire
1988:San Remo conference
1805:1952 Iraqi Intifada
1797:Al-Wathbah uprising
1395:in 1922 called the
1301:Al-Wathbah uprising
1224:first military coup
1186:was awarded to the
1163:from 1932 to 1958.
1003:Early modern period
840:Neo-Assyrian Empire
805:Neo-Sumerian Empire
455:Chamber of Deputies
417:Ahmad Mukhtar Baban
3079:Telecommunications
3054:Foreign Investment
2991:Wars and conflicts
2927:in pre-Saddam Iraq
2891:Presidency Council
2677:2019–2021 protests
2606:Invasion of Kuwait
2430:Sassanid Asorestan
2425:Parthian Babylonia
2420:Seleucid Babylonia
2415:Achaemenid Assyria
2330:Jemdet Nasr period
1905:Abd al-Karim Qasim
1893:14 July Revolution
1881:Hashemite monarchy
1859:In February 1958,
1761:, Iraq joined the
1554:Iraqi nationalists
1469:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
1434:, and his deputy,
1397:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
1364:was proposed as a
1358:occupied territory
1310:In February 1958,
1291:, Iraq joined the
1250:overthrown in 1941
1197:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
975:Jalairid Sultanate
910:Rashidun Caliphate
885:Sasanian Asorestan
875:Parthian Babylonia
870:Seleucid Babylonia
865:Achaemenid Assyria
760:Jemdet Nasr Period
573:Monarchy abolished
136:
124:"The Royal Salute"
119:As-Salam al-Malaki
5063:Former monarchies
5030:
5029:
5026:
5025:
4715:Piedmont-Sardinia
4467:Sip Song Chau Tai
4277:Thirteen Colonies
4018:
4017:
3422:
3421:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3356:Mandaean New Year
3107:
3106:
2999:
2998:
2981:Political parties
2876:Foreign relations
2821:
2820:
2728:Lower Mesopotamia
2723:Upper Mesopotamia
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2456:Abbasid Caliphate
2451:Umayyad Caliphate
2360:Isin-Larsa period
2203:978-0-7486-8602-5
1707:Jameel Al-Madfaai
1609:Faisal II of Iraq
1583:, in 1935–1936 a
1550:Arab nationalists
1428:High Commissioner
1385:1920 Iraqi revolt
1366:League of Nations
1348:The territory of
1332:Abdul-Karim Qasim
1192:1920 Iraqi revolt
1137:
1117:
1116:
920:Abbasid Caliphate
915:Umayyad Caliphate
880:Roman Mesopotamia
810:Isin-Larsa period
680:
679:
666:
665:
662:
661:
642:
641:
311:• 1939–1958
299:• 1933–1939
287:• 1932–1933
132:
125:
16:(Redirected from
5095:
4954:Irish Free State
4720:Poland–Lithuania
4029:
4028:
3980:Papua New Guinea
3710:
3709:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3044:
3005:
3004:
2856:
2827:
2826:
2813:Sinjar Mountains
2803:Zagros Mountains
2743:Hamrin Mountains
2702:
2701:
2665:Mosul liberation
2638:Iraqi insurgency
2560:National Command
2549:
2385:Simurrum culture
2288:
2287:
2275:
2274:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2208:
2207:
2179:
2173:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2005:
1978:Republic of Iraq
1967:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1867:. The resulting
1695:Jewish community
1664:Royal Iraqi Army
1662:On April 20 the
1656:Sharaf bin Rajeh
1597:Yasin al-Hashimi
1381:Treaty of Sèvres
1322:. The resulting
1266:Mandate of Syria
1235:Second World War
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1081:
1080:
1079:
905:Islamic conquest
710:
700:
682:
681:
658:
657:
646:
645:
633:
632:
626:
625:
610:
609:
565:24 February 1955
406:
368:
358:Sharaf bin Rajeh
267:
152:and largest city
145:
133:
123:
115:
114:
94:
80:
59:
52:
44:
43:
30:
29:
21:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5058:Former kingdoms
5043:Kingdom of Iraq
5033:
5032:
5031:
5022:
4947:princely states
4895:
4831:Kingdom of Fiji
4804:
4550:Austria-Hungary
4518:
4281:
4215:
4014:
4000:Solomon Islands
3914:
3896:
3828:
3743:
3701:
3633:
3579:Democratization
3547:
3491:
3458:
3453:
3423:
3418:
3362:
3346:Public holidays
3269:
3120:
3103:
3042:
3012:
2995:
2854:
2834:
2817:
2748:Iraqi Kurdistan
2738:Euphrates river
2709:
2688:
2655:War (2014–2017)
2601:Operation Opera
2547:
2517:
2513:Arab Federation
2501:Kingdom of Iraq
2434:
2410:Fall of Babylon
2345:Akkadian Empire
2320:Samarra culture
2305:Hassuna culture
2282:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2180:
2176:
2164:
2160:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1983:History of Iraq
1963:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1930:
1891:, known as the
1877:
1869:Arab Federation
1755:
1739:Mustafa Barzani
1703:
1676:Assyrian Levies
1669:Anglo-Iraqi War
1632:Taha al-Hashimi
1624:
1581:Simele massacre
1542:
1534:First World War
1461:
1456:
1426:was led by the
1383:. However, the
1369:Class A mandate
1354:First World War
1346:
1340:
1324:Arab Federation
1274:Mustafa Barzani
1262:Anglo-Iraqi War
1180:First World War
1168:Kingdom of Iraq
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1113:
1083:Iraq portal
1077:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1045:Kingdom of Iraq
1035:
1025:
1024:
1005:
995:
994:
900:
890:
889:
860:
850:
849:
795:Akkadian Empire
775:
765:
764:
745:Samarra culture
730:Hassuna culture
720:
698:
691:
655:
650:Arab Federation
630:
575:
562:
552:26 October 1947
549:
542:24 October 1945
539:
522:
520:Anglo-Iraqi War
509:
496:
482:
468:Interwar period
451:
439:
413:
402:
399:
373:Prince Abdullah
369:
366:
354:
346:Prince Abdullah
342:
312:
300:
288:
263:
235:
191:
187:
183:
179:
153:
128:
126:
122:
116:
102:
101:
100:
95:
87:
86:
81:
63:
62:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5101:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4951:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4705:Ottoman Empire
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4665:Kartli-Kakheti
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4347:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4074:Central Africa
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4010:United Kingdom
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3667:Prince regnant
3664:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3584:Decolonization
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3538:Personal union
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3508:Constitutional
3505:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3406:
3396:
3386:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3122:
3121:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3084:Transportation
3081:
3076:
3074:Stock Exchange
3071:
3069:Reconstruction
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3049:Infrastructure
3046:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2908:Prime Minister
2905:
2904:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2616:1991 uprisings
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2566:Saddam Hussein
2563:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2496:Mandatory Iraq
2493:
2488:
2485:Mamluk dynasty
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Gutian dynasty
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2270:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2223:
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2215:External links
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1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:Golden Square
1251:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:Prince-Regent
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1190:in 1920, the
1189:
1185:
1182:. Although a
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1122:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1098:
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1073:
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1038:
1037:
1034:
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1021:
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1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
999:
998:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:Seljuk Empire
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
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916:
913:
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908:
906:
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902:
899:
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886:
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868:
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863:
862:
859:
854:
853:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
774:
769:
768:
761:
758:
756:
753:
750:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
735:Halaf culture
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
719:
714:
713:
709:
705:
704:
701:
695:
694:
689:
684:
683:
676:
673:
671:Today part of
669:
653:
651:
648:
647:
644:
638:
635:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
607:
604:
601:
599:
598:ISO 3166 code
595:
592:
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:
568:
564:
561:
555:
551:
545:
541:
538:
534:
528:
525:2–31 May 1941
524:
521:
515:
511:
508:
502:
498:
495:
489:
485:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
463:
459:
456:
453:
447:
444:
441:
435:
432:
429:
425:
421:
418:
415:
409:
405:
401:
395:
391:
387:
385:
381:
377:
374:
371:
362:
359:
356:
350:
347:
344:
338:
334:
330:
328:
324:
320:
317:
314:
308:
305:
302:
296:
293:
290:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:parliamentary
259:
256:
254:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
148:
144:
139:
121:
120:
113:السلام الملكي
109:
105:
99:
93:
85:
79:
71:
66:
58:
54:
50:
39:
38:
31:
19:
18:Iraqi Kingdom
5003:South Africa
4998:Sierra Leone
4945:
4775:Two Sicilies
4710:Papal States
4510:
4449:
4359:
4342:
4208:
3968:Cook Islands
3821:
3807:Saudi Arabia
3736:
3248:Christianity
3130:Demographics
3064:Oil reserves
3059:Oil Industry
3026:Central Bank
2922:Human rights
2848:Constitution
2793:Tigris river
2773:Persian Gulf
2500:
2481:Ottoman Iraq
2466:Qara Qoyunlu
2300:Ubaid period
2184:
2177:
2166:
2161:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2058:
2052:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2014:
2003:
1938:
1931:
1928:Demographics
1923:
1918:
1913:Soviet Union
1909:Baghdad Pact
1901:Royal Palace
1878:
1858:
1851:
1843:Baghdad Pact
1823:Soviet Union
1820:
1813:
1794:
1771:
1759:World War II
1756:
1747:Soviet Union
1736:
1732:Nuri al-Said
1729:
1719:
1715:
1704:
1680:
1673:
1661:
1636:'Abd al-Ilah
1625:
1613:
1605:'Abd al-Ilah
1574:
1566:Nuri as-Said
1562:
1543:
1527:
1509:
1490:
1476:
1462:
1459:Independence
1421:
1416:
1347:
1312:King Hussein
1309:
1289:World War II
1286:
1282:Soviet Union
1246:'Abd al-Ilah
1232:
1207:
1201:
1167:
1165:
1120:
1118:
1044:
1015:Ottoman Iraq
985:Kara Koyunlu
725:Ubaid period
619:Succeeded by
618:
613:
578:14 July 1958
560:Baghdad Pact
512:1 April 1941
473:World War II
404:Naji Shawkat
353:• 1941
212:Christianity
117:
107:
98:Coat of arms
5078:Axis powers
4942:British Raj
4914:(Sri Lanka)
4800:Württemberg
4512:South Yemen
4400:Maguindanao
4293:Afghanistan
4054:Barotseland
3990:Saint Lucia
3963:New Zealand
3872:Netherlands
3645:Chhatrapati
3629:Sovereignty
3569:Aristocracy
3404:WikiProject
3205:Marsh Arabs
3190:Circassians
2871:Foreign aid
2763:Mesopotamia
2325:Uruk period
1965:Iraq portal
1885:coup d'état
1845:, with the
1841:signed the
1767:Arab League
1593:coup d'état
1362:Mesopotamia
1297:Arab League
1233:During the
1161:Middle East
1033:Modern Iraq
898:Middle Ages
755:Uruk period
697:History of
614:Preceded by
591:Iraqi dinar
507:Coup d'état
427:Legislature
5037:Categories
5008:Tanganyika
4923:The Gambia
4851:Niuē-Fekai
4790:Yugoslavia
4690:Montenegro
4497:Upper Yafa
4492:Upper Asir
4129:Madagascar
3862:Luxembourg
3594:Government
3559:Abdication
3528:Hereditary
3456:Monarchies
3321:Television
3301:Literature
3263:Irreligion
3238:Secularism
3175:Minorities
3043:(currency)
3036:Corruption
2881:Government
2672:Insurgency
2471:Aq Qoyunlu
2292:Chronology
1995:References
1889:Iraqi Army
1691:Rashid Ali
1689:youth and
1640:Habbaniyah
1616:Iraqi Army
1577:Bakr Sidqi
1546:King Ghazi
1441:. British
1258:Rashid Ali
1228:Bakr Sidqi
990:Aq Qoyunlu
945:Al-Mazeedi
773:Bronze Age
718:Prehistory
431:Parliament
253:Government
241:Demonym(s)
4978:Mauritius
4871:Rarotonga
4856:Nuku Hiva
4846:Mangareva
4821:Bora Bora
4700:Neuchâtel
4670:Lithuania
4575:Catalonia
4462:Sri Lanka
4415:Manchukuo
4390:Kurdistan
4344:Indonesia
4267:Talamanca
4227:Araucanía
4210:and other
4189:Wassoulou
3933:Australia
3609:Oligarchy
3341:Squatting
3306:Education
3253:Mandaeism
3222:/Turkoman
3200:Mandaeans
3185:Assyrians
3180:Armenians
3143:Languages
3031:Companies
2986:Judiciary
2896:President
2866:Elections
2861:Democracy
2707:Geography
2623:Sanctions
2541:2003–2011
2536:1968–2003
2531:1958–1968
2390:Babylonia
1816:Faisal II
1743:rebellion
1486:democracy
1443:reprisals
1278:rebellion
1134:romanized
970:Ilkhanate
935:Marwanids
925:Hamdanids
820:Babylonia
316:Faisal II
230:Mandaeism
199:Religion
68:1932–1958
4993:Rhodesia
4988:Pakistan
4907:Barbados
4876:Rimatara
4866:Rapa Iti
4795:Valencia
4770:Tavolara
4760:Scotland
4725:Portugal
4685:Moldavia
4570:Bulgaria
4565:Brittany
4540:Asturias
4420:Mongolia
4410:Maldives
4272:Trinidad
4262:Suriname
4220:Americas
4204:Zimbabwe
4199:Zanzibar
4184:Wituland
4159:Ngazidja
4154:Ndzuwani
4089:Ethiopia
3812:Thailand
3792:Malaysia
3772:Cambodia
3722:Eswatini
3518:Elective
3503:Absolute
3384:Category
3233:Religion
3210:Persians
3094:Railways
3089:Airlines
2971:Military
2832:Politics
2808:Wildlife
2798:Umm Qasr
2628:Iraq War
2611:Gulf War
2523:Republic
2476:Safavids
2439:638–1958
1951:See also
1934:Persians
1837:and the
1831:Pakistan
1829:, Iraq,
1650:and the
1642:then to
1515:Faisal I
1417:de facto
1409:Damascus
1212:Assyrian
1010:Safavids
950:Ayyubids
940:Uqaylids
858:Iron Age
830:Kassites
815:Simurrum
688:a series
686:Part of
587:Currency
533:Admitted
478:Cold War
292:Faisal I
224:Yazidism
181:Assyrian
4983:Nigeria
4958:Ireland
4886:Tahuata
4861:Raiatea
4841:Huahine
4816:Abemama
4809:Oceania
4780:Tuscany
4735:Romania
4730:Prussia
4695:Navarre
4675:Majorca
4655:Ireland
4650:Imereti
4645:Iceland
4640:Hungary
4635:Hanover
4630:Granada
4620:Germany
4615:Georgia
4610:Galicia
4600:Finland
4590:Corsica
4585:Cilicia
4555:Bavaria
4545:Austria
4530:Albania
4502:Vietnam
4445:Sarawak
4435:Qu'aiti
4370:Kathiri
4333:Dapitan
4308:Bukhara
4257:Miskito
4179:Tunisia
4169:Shilluk
4079:Dahomey
4069:Burundi
4059:Bagirmi
4039:Adamawa
3958:Jamaica
3953:Grenada
3938:Bahamas
3902:Oceania
3852:Denmark
3847:Belgium
3842:Andorra
3757:Bahrain
3732:Morocco
3727:Lesotho
3706:Current
3697:Pharaoh
3650:Emperor
3589:Dynasty
3543:Regency
3523:Federal
3513:Diarchy
3467:Monarch
3414:Commons
3331:Smoking
3296:Culture
3291:Cuisine
3274:General
3258:Yazidis
3215:Solluba
3168:Persian
3158:Kurdish
3153:Aramaic
3118:Society
3099:Tourism
3010:Economy
2758:Islands
2733:Borders
2558: (
2548:present
2483:(incl.
2395:Assyria
2340:Subartu
2280:History
1887:by the
1788:led by
1776:led by
1687:Futuwwa
1529:vilâyet
1503:and at
1481:Baghdad
1467:of the
1465:Baghdad
1454:History
1436:Colonel
1413:ejected
1330:led by
1252:by the
1178:of the
1174:in the
1148:
1136::
965:Zengids
790:Assyria
571:•
558:•
535:to the
531:•
518:•
505:•
365:•
258:Unitary
218:Judaism
193:English
189:Persian
185:Kurdish
157:Baghdad
150:Capital
108:Anthem:
5018:Uganda
4968:Malawi
4933:Guyana
4912:Ceylon
4891:Tahiti
4881:Rurutu
4836:Hawaii
4765:Serbia
4750:Saxony
4740:Russia
4625:Greece
4605:France
4595:Cyprus
4580:Crimea
4560:Bosnia
4535:Aragon
4523:Europe
4487:Taiwan
4457:Sikkim
4440:Ryukyu
4425:Najran
4323:Chehab
4303:Bengal
4252:Mexico
4237:Brazil
4164:Rwanda
4144:Maravi
4044:Ankole
4032:Africa
4024:Former
4005:Tuvalu
3948:Canada
3943:Belize
3887:Sweden
3877:Norway
3867:Monaco
3834:Europe
3787:Kuwait
3782:Jordan
3767:Brunei
3762:Bhutan
3714:Africa
3687:Sultan
3638:Titles
3552:Topics
3394:Portal
3336:Sports
3311:Health
3286:Cinema
3138:Iraqis
3041:Dinar
2976:Police
2778:Places
2268:topics
2200:
2065:
1920:third.
1835:Turkey
1780:, the
1741:led a
1683:Farhud
1648:Jordan
1524:Kuwait
1316:Jordan
1276:led a
1248:, was
1243:Prince
1216:Yazidi
1125:Arabic
785:Hamazi
690:on the
443:Senate
388:
331:
327:Regent
277:
177:Arabic
167:Arabic
110:
49:Arabic
45:
4973:Malta
4963:Kenya
4938:India
4928:Ghana
4755:Savoy
4745:Samos
4660:Italy
4507:Yemen
4482:Tibet
4477:Syria
4430:Nepal
4405:Mahra
4385:Kumul
4380:Korea
4375:Khiva
4354:Qajar
4338:Hejaz
4328:China
4313:Burma
4242:Haiti
4232:Aztec
4149:Mwali
4139:Maore
4119:Libya
4114:Kongo
4109:Kaffa
4104:Gumma
4099:Gomma
4094:Ghana
4084:Egypt
4064:Bornu
4049:Aussa
3910:Tonga
3882:Spain
3802:Qatar
3777:Japan
3326:Music
3316:Media
3243:Islam
3195:Kurds
3021:Banks
2959:Women
2753:Lakes
2546:2011–
2506:Kings
2335:Sumer
2172:p.260
2151:[
2123:[
2086:[
1814:King
1644:Basra
1601:Ghazi
1501:Basra
1447:Najaf
1403:by a
1220:Shi'a
780:Sumer
749:Eridu
304:Ghazi
246:Iraqi
214:(15%)
208:(80%)
206:Islam
4918:Fiji
4472:Sulu
4451:Shan
4395:Laos
4360:Iraq
4350:Iran
4318:Cebu
4298:Asir
4286:Asia
4247:Inca
4194:Yeke
4134:Mali
4124:Luba
3973:Niue
3823:list
3797:Oman
3749:Asia
3738:list
3692:Shah
3682:Tsar
3677:khan
3672:Raja
3655:King
3496:Type
3226:Jews
2949:LGBT
2913:List
2901:List
2266:Iraq
2198:ISBN
2063:ISBN
1879:The
1827:Iran
1626:The
1552:and
1512:King
1491:The
1424:Iraq
1350:Iraq
1328:coup
1218:and
1145:lit.
1119:The
699:Iraq
675:Iraq
273:King
232:(1%)
226:(2%)
220:(2%)
84:Flag
4680:Man
3281:Art
2966:Law
2190:doi
1407:in
1314:of
5039::
4956:/
4944:,
2196:.
2040:^
1915:.
1895:.
1833:,
1811:.
1792:.
1769:.
1749:.
1697:.
1671:.
1560:.
1430:,
1284:.
1241:,
1214:,
1199:.
1143:,
1131:,
1127::
603:IQ
4950:)
4940:(
4515:)
4509:(
4356:)
4352:(
3448:e
3441:t
3434:v
2562:)
2487:)
2249:e
2242:t
2235:v
2206:.
2192::
2071:.
1157:'
1151:'
1123:(
1108:e
1101:t
1094:v
751:)
747:(
51:)
47:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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