Irenaeus - Knowledge

2257:, authoritatively articulated by the preaching of bishops and inculcated in Church practice, especially worship, as an authentic apostolic tradition by which to read Scripture truly against heresies. He classified as Scripture not only the Old Testament but most of the books now known as the New Testament, while excluding many works, a large number by Gnostics, that flourished in the 2nd century and claimed scriptural authority. Oftentimes, Irenaeus, as a student of Polycarp, who was a direct disciple of the Apostle John, believed that he was interpreting scriptures in the same hermeneutic as the Apostles. This connection to Jesus was important to Irenaeus because both he and the Gnostics based their arguments on Scripture. Irenaeus argued that since he could trace his authority to Jesus and the Gnostics could not, his interpretation of Scripture was correct. He also used "the Rule of Faith", a "proto-creed" with similarities to the 2982:"Since, however, it would be very tedious, in such a volume as this, to reckon up the successions of all the Churches, we do put to confusion all those who, in whatever manner, whether by an evil self-pleasing, by vainglory, or by blindness and perverse opinion, assemble in unauthorized meetings; by indicating that tradition derived from the apostles, of the very great, the very ancient, and universally known Church founded and organized at Rome by the two most glorious apostles, Peter and Paul; as also the faith preached to men, which comes down to our time by means of the successions of the bishops. For it is a matter of necessity that every Church should agree with this Church, on account of its pre- eminent authority, that is, the faithful everywhere, inasmuch as the apostolical tradition has been preserved continuously by those who exist everywhere."( 376: 2827:, but also derives significantly from the Johannine presentation of the Adam-Christ typology. Irenaeus uses this parallel to demonstrate that Christ truly took human flesh. Irenaeus considered it important to emphasize this point because he understands the failure to recognize Christ's full humanity the bond linking the various strains of Gnosticism together, as seen in his statement that "according to the opinion of no one of the heretics was the Word of God made flesh." Irenaeus believes that unless the Word became flesh, humans were not fully redeemed. He explains that by becoming man, Christ restored humanity to being in the image and likeness of God, which they had lost in the 2633:

thirties, his opponents would have argued that he was not yet 40 years old, since that would make him even younger. Irenaeus's argument is that they would not weaken their own argument by adding years to Jesus's age. Irenaeus also writes: "The Elders witness to this, who in Asia conferred with John the Lord's disciple, to the effect that John had delivered these things unto them: for he abode with them until the times of Trajan. And some of them saw not only John, but others also of the Apostles, and had this same account from them, and witness to the aforesaid relation."

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by no means attained to advanced age." Irenaeus argues against the Gnostics by using scripture to add several years after his baptism by referencing 3 distinctly separate visits to Jerusalem. The first is when Jesus makes wine out of water, he goes up to the Paschal feast-day, after which he withdraws and is found in Samaria. The second is when Jesus goes up to Jerusalem for Passover and cures the paralytic, after which he withdraws over the sea of Tiberias. The third mention is when he travels to Jerusalem, eats the Passover, and suffers on the following day.

2842:) in this passage indicates that the Old Law revealed humanity's sinfulness but could not save them. He explains that "For as the law was spiritual, it merely made sin to stand out in relief, but did not destroy it. For sin had no dominion over the spirit, but over man." Since humans have a physical nature, they cannot be saved by a spiritual law. Instead, they need a human Savior. This is why it was necessary for Christ to take human flesh. Irenaeus summarizes how Christ's taking human flesh saves humanity with a statement that closely resembles 2913:

However, in becoming a body and soul, the Son Himself becomes one of those needing redemption. Therefore, the Word descends onto the Savior at His Baptism in the Jordan, which liberates the Son from his corruptible body and soul. His redemption from the body and soul is then applied to the Spirituals. In response to this Gnostic view of Christ, Irenaeus emphasized that the Word became flesh and developed a soteriology that emphasized the significance of Christ's material Body in saving humanity, as discussed in the sections above.

3020:"But it is not possible that the Gospels can be either more or fewer in number than they are. For since there are four zones of the world in which we live, and four principal winds, while the church has been scattered throughout the world, and since the 'pillar and ground' of the Church is the Gospel and the spirit of life, it is fitting that she should have four pillars, breathing incorruption on every side, and vivifying human afresh. From this fact, it is evident that the Logos, the fashioner 1960: 343: 368: 384: 10774: 8626: 1376: 10786: 5450: 2846:, "For as by the disobedience of the one man who was originally moulded from virgin soil, the many were made sinners, and forfeited life; so was it necessary that, by the obedience of one man, who was originally born from a virgin, many should be justified and receive salvation." The physical creation of Adam and Christ is emphasized by Irenaeus to demonstrate how the Incarnation saves humanity's physical nature. 62: 1388: 2120: 2561:, saying "Forinasmuch as He had a pre-existence as a saving Being, it was necessary that what might be saved should also be called into existence, in order that the Being who saves should not exist in vain." Some theologians maintain that Irenaeus believed that Incarnation would have occurred even if humanity had never sinned; but the fact that they did 2676:

lineage of God, which is forever striving for eternal life and unity with the Father. This is a carryover from Paul, who attributes this reconciliation to the actions of Christ: "For since death came through a human being, the resurrection of the dead has also come through a human being; for as all die in Adam, so all will be made alive in Christ".

2443: 3084:"Wherefore we must obey the priests of the Church who have succession from the Apostles, as we have shown, who, together with succession in the episcopate, have received the certain mark of truth according to the will of the Father; all others, however, are to be suspected, who separated themselves from the principal succession.( 2660:. Herod Antipas was tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, a client state of the Roman Empire. He ruled from 4 BC to 39 AD. In refuting Gnostic claims that Jesus preached for only one year after his baptism, Irenaeus used the "recapitulation" approach to demonstrate that by living beyond the age of thirty Christ sanctified even old age. 2617:

the bishop of Lyon simply pointed out that because Jesus turned the permissible age for becoming a rabbi (30 years old and above), he recapitulated and sanctified the period between 30 and 50 years old, as per the Jewish custom of periodization on life, and so touches the beginning of old age when one becomes 50 years old. (see

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Irenaeus quotes scripture (John 8:57), to suggest that Jesus ministers while in his 40s. In this passage, Jesus's opponents want to argue that Jesus has not seen Abraham, because Jesus is too young. Jesus's opponents argue that Jesus was not yet 50 years old. Irenaeus argues that if Jesus were in his

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under consideration, Irenaeus is clear that after receiving baptism at the age of thirty, citing Luke 3:23, Gnostics then falsely assert that "He preached only one year reckoning from His baptism," and also, "On completing His thirtieth year He suffered, being in fact still a young man, and who had

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Part of the process of recapitulation is for Christ to go through every stage of human life, from infancy to old age, and simply by living it, sanctify it with his divinity. Although it is sometimes claimed that Irenaeus believed Christ did not die until he was older than is conventionally portrayed,

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Everything that has happened since has therefore been planned by God to help humanity overcome this initial mishap and achieve spiritual maturity. The world has been intentionally designed by God as a difficult place, where human beings are forced to make moral decisions, as only in this way can they

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The purpose of "Against Heresies" was to refute the teachings of various Gnostic groups; apparently, several Greek merchants had begun an oratorial campaign in Irenaeus's bishopric, teaching that the material world was the accidental creation of an evil god, from which we are to escape by the pursuit

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Irenaeus wrote: "One should not seek among others the truth that can be easily gotten from the Church. For in her, as in a rich treasury, the apostles have placed all that pertains to truth, so that everyone can drink this beverage of life. She is the door of life." But he also said, "Christ came not

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Irenaeus emphasizes the importance of Christ's reversal of Adam's action. Through His obedience, Christ undoes Adam's disobedience. Irenaeus presents the Passion as the climax of Christ's obedience, emphasizing how this obedience on the tree of the Cross undoes the disobedience that occurred through

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A third theme in both Paul's and Irenaeus's conceptions of salvation is the sacrifice of Christ being necessary for the new life given to humanity in the triumph over evil. It is in this obedient sacrifice that Jesus is victor and reconciler, thus erasing the marks that Adam left on human nature. To

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Irenaeus's conception of salvation relies heavily on the understanding found in Paul's letters. Irenaeus first brings up the theme of victory over sin and evil that is afforded by Jesus's death. God's intervention has saved humanity from the Fall of Adam and the wickedness of Satan. Human nature has

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The biblical passage, "Death has been swallowed up in victory", implied for Irenaeus that the Lord will surely resurrect the first human, i.e. Adam, as one of the saved. According to Irenaeus, those who deny Adam's salvation are “shutting themselves out from life for ever” and the first one who did

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criticizes Irenaeus for describing Gnostic groups as sexual libertines, for example, when some of their own writings advocated chastity more strongly than did orthodox texts. However, the Nag Hammadi texts do not present a single, coherent picture of any unified gnostic system of belief, but rather

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In this understanding of salvation, the purpose of the Incarnation was to redeem the Spirituals from their material bodies. By taking a material body, the Son becomes the Savior and facilitates this entrance into the pleroma by making it possible for the Spirituals to receive his spiritual body.

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According to the Valentinian Gnostics, there are three classes of human beings. They are the material, who cannot attain salvation; the psychic, who are strengthened by works and faith (they are part of the church); and the spiritual, who cannot decay or be harmed by material actions. Essentially,

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Reconciliation is also a theme of Paul's that Irenaeus stresses in his teachings on Salvation. Irenaeus believes Jesus coming in flesh and blood sanctified humanity so that it might again reflect the perfection associated with the likeness of the Divine. This perfection leads to a new life, in the

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and incorruptible, and simply by becoming united to human nature in Christ he conveys those qualities to us: they spread, as it were, like a benign infection. Irenaeus emphasizes that salvation occurs through Christ's Incarnation, which bestows incorruptibility on humanity, rather than emphasizing

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was the best-surviving description of Gnosticism. Some religious scholars have argued the findings at Nag Hammadi have shown Irenaeus's description of Gnosticism to be inaccurate and polemic in nature. However, the general consensus among modern scholars is that Irenaeus was fairly accurate in his

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During the religious peace which followed the persecution by Marcus Aurelius, the new bishop divided his activities between the duties of a pastor and of a missionary (as to which we have but brief data, late and not very certain). Almost all his writings were directed against Gnosticism. The most

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sums up the Valentinian view of the salvation of man. He writes, "The first, or carnal men, will return to the grossness of matter and finally be consumed by fire; the second, or psychic men, together with the Demiurge as their master, will enter a middle state, neither heaven (pleroma) nor hell

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history. Irenaeus repeatedly insists that God began the world and has been overseeing it ever since this creative act; everything that has happened is part of his plan for humanity. The essence of this plan is a process of maturation: Irenaeus believes that humanity was created immature, and God

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Irenaeus's point when refuting the Gnostics was that all of the Apostolic churches had preserved the same traditions and teachings in many independent streams. It was the unanimous agreement between these many independent streams of transmission that proved the orthodox faith, current in those

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In his writing against the Gnostics, who claimed to possess a secret oral tradition from Jesus himself, Irenaeus maintained that the bishops in different cities are known as far back as the Apostles and that the oral tradition he lists from the Apostles is a safe guide to the interpretation of

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only for those who believed from the time of Tiberius Caesar, nor did the Father provide only for those who are now, but for absolutely all men from the beginning, who, according to their ability, feared and loved God and lived justly. . . and desired to see Christ and to hear His voice."

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in about the same time period is "... a powerful indication that the fourfold Gospel contemporaneously sponsored by Irenaeus was not broadly, let alone universally, recognized." (The apologist and ascetic Tatian had previously harmonized the four gospels into a single narrative, the

2648:. But then, when Christ was brought to him bound, Pilate sent Him to Herod, giving command to enquire of him, that he might know of a certainty what he should desire concerning Him; making Christ a convenient occasion of reconciliation with the king." Pilate was the 2027:). Irenaeus alludes to coming across Gnostic writings, and holding conversations with Gnostics, and this may have taken place in Asia Minor or in Rome. However, it also appears that Gnosticism was present near Lyon: he writes that there were followers of ' 2053:

Nothing is known of the date of his death, which must have occurred at the end of the second or the beginning of the third century. He is regarded as a martyr by the Catholic Church and by some within the Orthodox Church. He was buried under the

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become joined with God's in the person of Jesus, thus allowing human nature to have victory over sin. Paul writes on the same theme, that Christ has come so that a new order is formed, and being under the Law, is being under the sin of Adam.

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divergent beliefs of multiple Gnostic sects. Some of these sects were indeed libertine because they considered bodily existence meaningless; others praised chastity, and strongly prohibited any sexual activity, even within marriage.

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Before Irenaeus, Christians differed as to which gospel they preferred. The Christians of Asia Minor preferred the Gospel of John. The Gospel of Matthew was the most popular overall. Irenaeus asserted that all four of the Gospels,

1983:, Turkey, born during the first half of the 2nd century. The exact date is thought to be between the years 120 and 140. Unlike many of his contemporaries, he was brought up in a Christian family rather than converting as an adult. 2944:

who led the Churches of Asia Minor continued to hold old traditions of the paschal feast. For this reason Victor I wanted to excommunicate Polycrates and his supporters, but this was a step too far for Irenaeus and other bishops.

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Irenaeus cited the New Testament approximately 1,000 times. About one third of his citations are made to Paul's letters. Irenaeus considered all 13 letters belonging to the Pauline corpus to have been written by Paul himself.

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ordinary humans—those who have faith but do not possess the special knowledge—will not attain salvation. Spirituals, on the other hand—those who obtain this great gift—are the only class that will eventually attain salvation.

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in her book Mysticism credited Irenaeus as being one of those to whom we owe "the preservation of that mighty system of scaffolding which enabled the Catholic mystics to build up the towers and bulwarks of the City of God."

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According to the Gnostic view of Salvation, creation was perfect to begin with; it did not need time to grow and mature. For the Valentinians, the material world is the result of the loss of perfection which resulted from

2909:(whyle); the purely spiritual men will be completely freed from the influence of the Demiurge and together with the Saviour and Achamoth, his spouse, will enter the pleroma divested of body (húle) and soul (psuché)." 2460:

of Catholic-Protestant polemics, he cited the Roman church as an example of the unbroken chain of authority, which text Catholic polemics would use to assert the primacy of Rome over Eastern churches by virtue of its

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is picked up in Irenaeus's discussion of the topic when he asserts, "By His own blood He redeemed us, as also His apostle declares, 'In whom we have redemption through His blood, even the remission of sins.'"

2108:. Book IV consists of Jesus's sayings, and here Irenaeus also stresses the unity of the Old Testament and the Gospel. In the final volume, Book V, Irenaeus focuses on more sayings of Jesus plus the letters of 2220:

in its original Greek exists, we possess the full ancient Latin version, probably of the third century, as well as thirty-three fragments of a Syrian version and a complete Armenian version of books 4 and 5.

2588:, contrasting the faithlessness of the former with the faithfulness of the latter. In addition to reversing the wrongs done by Adam, Irenaeus thinks of Christ as "recapitulating" or "summing up" human life. 5083:

Adam and Christ in the Theology of Irenaeus of Lyons: An Examination of the function of the Adam-Christ Typology in the Adversus Haereses of Ireaneus, against the Background of the Gnosticism of His Time

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dates close to the period when Irenaeus lived (late 2nd century), and scholars typically regard this work as one of many Gnostic texts, showing one of many varieties of Gnostic beliefs of the period.

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Klager, Andrew P. (2007). ""Retaining and Reclaiming the Divine: Identification and the Recapitulation of Peace in St. Irenaeus of Lyons' Atonement Narrative". In Brad Jersak; Michael Hardin (eds.).

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argue against the Gnostics on this point, Irenaeus uses Colossians in showing that the debt which came by a tree has been paid for us in another tree. Furthermore, the first chapter of

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from 161 to 180, Irenaeus was a priest of the Church of Lyon. The clergy of that city, many of whom were suffering imprisonment for the faith, sent him in 177 to Rome with a letter to

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Little is known about the career of Irenaeus after he became bishop. The last action reported of him (by Eusebius, 150 years later) is that in 190 or 191, he exerted influence on

2857:. Irenaeus emphasizes that it is through Christ's reversal of Adam's action that humanity is saved, rather than considering the Redemption to occur in a cultic or juridical way. 6321: 3026:

of all, he that sits on the cherubim and holds all things together, when he was manifested to humanity, gave us the gospel under four forms but bound together by one spirit."(

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This work was first published in 1907 in Armenian, along with a German translation by Adolf von Harnack. It is Harnack who divided the text into one hundred numbered sections.

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transmission of gnostic beliefs, and that the Nag Hammadi texts have raised no substantial challenges to the overall accuracy of Irenaeus's information. Religious historian

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contains no merit in terms of its doctrines. In Book III Irenaeus purports to show that these doctrines are false, by providing counter-evidence gleaned from the

2002:, and that occasion bore emphatic testimony to his merits. While Irenaeus was in Rome, a persecution took place in Lyon. Returning to Gaul, Irenaeus succeeded the 1694: 7262: 7179: 2283: 2019: 2542:: it was only in the depths of the whale's belly that Jonah could turn to God and act according to the divine will. Similarly, death and suffering appear as 2291:) III 11,8), were canonical scripture. Thus Irenaeus provides the earliest witness to the assertion of the four canonical Gospels, possibly in reaction to 4820:. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series. Vol. 1. Translated by Arthur Cushman McGiffert. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co. 3337: 5585: 2940:

tried to force a universal practice of fasting until Easter to supersede the Jewish practice and prevent Christians from partaking of the Passover,

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The Faith of the Early Fathers: A Source-book of Theological and Historical Passages from the Christian Writings of the Pre-Nicene and Nicene Eras

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3.11.7 acknowledges that many heterodox Christians use only one gospel while 3.11.9 acknowledges that some use more than four. The success of

7280: 5890: 2831:. Just as Adam was the original head of humanity through whom all sinned, Christ is the new head of humanity who fulfills Adam's role in the 1419: 670: 193:

June 28 (Latin Catholic Church, Orthodox Church, Anglicanism); August 23 (Eastern Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches);

5417: 6598: 4946:. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Vol. 1. Translated by Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Co. – via 3553: 2154: 10746: 7333: 7062: 4969: 10836: 7255: 6635: 5739: 5455: 4553: 8710: 8663: 5941: 4005: 4469: 7107: 7057: 6364: 5977: 4959:. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Vol. 1. Translated by Alexander Roberts. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co. – via 4368: 4312: 4243: 4224: 3980: 3949: 6369: 4098: 3924: 3792: 3776: 3445: 2132:. Irenaeus argued that the true gnosis is in fact knowledge of Christ, which redeems rather than escapes from bodily existence. 4600:

Bandstra, Andrew J. (1970). "Paul and an Ancient Interpreter: A Comparison of the Teaching of Redemption in Paul and Irenaeus".

4430: 4340: 4021: 3429: 3315: 7214: 7082: 6326: 6234: 5965: 5885: 5833: 5631: 4987:. Ancient Christian Writers: The Works of the Fathers in Translation. Translated by M.C. Steenberg. New York: The Newman Press. 4281: 3688: 2248: 2096:). In Book I, Irenaeus talks about the Valentinian Gnostics and their predecessors, who he says go as far back as the magician 2062:. Several relics supposedly of Irenaeus are held in various churches in Lyon. Two crania from different churches were dated by 1940: 3381: 10831: 10650: 7248: 5843: 5578: 5142: 5103: 5071: 5003: 4921: 4874: 4836: 4801: 4775: 4722: 4698: 4661: 4637: 4305: 3372: 1944: 4300: 10826: 10821: 8858: 6620: 4304:

sfn error: no target: CITEREFMakowiecki,_"Irenaeus_and_the_Adam-Christ_Typology_in_the_Gospel_of_John,_Themelios2024 (

4166: 10911: 6815: 5407: 2521:). Irenaeus often spoke of the Son and the Spirit as the "hands of God," though he also spoke of the Son as the "Logos." 1052: 10886: 9563: 8681: 6413: 6316: 5236: 5022:

Litwa, M. David (2014). "The Wonderous Exchange: Irenaeus and Eastern Valentinians on the Soteriology of Interchange".

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Parvis, Paul (2012). "Who was Irenaeus? An Introduction to the Man and His Work". In Sara Parvis; Paul Foster (eds.).

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Irenaeus's interpretation of Paul's discussion of Christ as the New Adam is significant because it helped develop the

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desire to understand the Forefather. Therefore, one is ultimately redeemed, through secret knowledge, to enter the

4893:. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Vol. 6. Translated by S.D.F. Salmond. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co. 3198: 2298:

Based on the arguments Irenaeus made in support of only four authentic gospels, some interpreters deduce that the

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who was martyred c156. This is the evidence used to assume that Irenaeus was born in Smyrna during the 130s–140s.

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copy of which was discovered in 1904. This work seems to have been an instruction for recent Christian converts.

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was intended by God before he determined that humanity would be created. Irenaeus develops this idea based on

351: 4425: 10891: 10615: 9803: 8758: 8656: 8263: 7943: 7340: 7219: 7209: 6973: 6630: 6428: 6398: 6239: 6090: 6043: 5781: 4464: 2843: 2580:, Christ was obedient even to death on the wood of a tree. Irenaeus is the first to draw comparisons between 1828: 596: 8359: 1247: 443: 9370: 7318: 6408: 4860: 4846: 1405: 1352: 5186: 1272: 10901: 10881: 10866: 10861: 10846: 8728: 8218: 6772: 6418: 6403: 6389: 6296: 6286: 5776: 4276: 3508:"D-Day : dans les coulisses du labo de criminalistique qui identifie les héros oubliés de la guerre" 2084: 2055: 1911: 1844: 1543: 1092: 256: 219: 4767:

Caesar and Christ: A History of Roman Civilization and of Christianity from Their Beginnings to A.D. 325

2649: 2465:. The succession of bishops and presbyters was important to establish a chain of custody for orthodoxy. 10517: 9738: 8369: 8308: 7271: 6423: 6291: 6095: 5516: 5486: 5420:, where Irenaeus argues his unconventional views about the age of Jesus and the length of his ministry. 5403:

Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut 1885 Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 1. translation of Against Heresies

3488: 3316:"Decreto del Santo Padre per il conferimento del titolo di Dottore della Chiesa a Sant'Ireneo di Lione" 2816:

To counter his Gnostic opponents, Irenaeus significantly develops Paul's presentation of Christ as the

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in a positive light, as having acted in accordance with Jesus's instructions. The recently discovered

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He may refer to Hebrews 2:30 and James 4:16 and maybe even 2 Peter 5:28, but does not cite Philemon.

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in Lyon, which was later renamed St Irenaeus in his honour. The church was devastated in 1562 by the

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not to excommunicate the Christian communities of Asia Minor which persevered in the practice of the

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what Adam did: thus, where Adam was disobedient concerning God's edict concerning the fruit of the

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Irenaeus's emphasis on the unity of God is reflected in his corresponding emphasis on the unity of

697: 453: 423: 6608: 2295:'s edited version of the Gospel of Luke, which Marcion asserted was the one and only true gospel. 10896: 10512: 9851: 9821: 9212: 8986: 8776: 8672: 8394: 8338: 8258: 7654: 6495: 6435: 6311: 6193: 5992: 5594: 1903: 1287: 917: 544: 406: 211: 196: 3747: 1017: 10778: 9643: 9588: 9290: 8931: 8896: 8873: 8781: 8690: 8479: 8444: 8278: 7897: 7398: 7155: 7042: 6660: 6281: 6202: 6178: 5610: 2641: 2236: 1465: 1207: 842: 579: 8313: 8273: 8233: 4911: 4850: 4712: 2123:

Cambridge University library manuscript 4113 / Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 405. Irenaeus. Ca. 200 AD.

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Altaner, Bertold (1949), “Augustinus und Irenäus”. Theologische Quartalschrift, 129: 162–172.

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Irenaeus's presentation of Christ as the New Adam is based on Paul's Christ-Adam parallel in

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In his criticism of Gnosticism, Irenaeus made reference to a Gnostic gospel which portrayed

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Christosis: Pauline Soteriology in Light of Deification in Irenaeus and Cyril of Alexandria

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Irenaeus, in 'Against Heresies', quotes 626 times from all 4 Gospels; from Acts 54 times."

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Steenberg, Ireaneus M.C. "The Role of Mary as Co-Recapitulator in St. Irenaeus of Lyons."

1267: 8: 10906: 10675: 10555: 10397: 9663: 9548: 9528: 9465: 9425: 9395: 9345: 9325: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9222: 9092: 8966: 8863: 8854: 8801: 8555: 8519: 8489: 8253: 8157: 7997: 7958: 7938: 7866: 7752: 7561: 7404: 7391: 7380: 7164: 7145: 6885: 6880: 6807: 6525: 6500: 6379: 6359: 6306: 6207: 6105: 6002: 5970: 5914: 3469: 2448: 2333: 2136: 1873: 1861: 1824: 1653: 1449: 1237: 1107: 987: 922: 727: 655: 534: 523: 458: 10655: 9573: 8600: 8057: 5500: 5347: 5252: 4613:

Makowiecki, Mark (2024). "Irenaeus and the Adam-Christ Typology in the Gospel of John".

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Many aspects of Irenaeus's presentation of salvation history depend on Paul's Epistles.

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Tixeront, Rev. J. (1920). "Section IV: The Opponents of Heresy in the Second Century".

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Valentinian Gnosticism was one of the major forms of Gnosticism that Irenaeus opposed.

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intended his creatures to take a long time to grow into or assume the divine likeness.

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Scholars contend that Irenaeus quotes from 21 of the 27 New Testament books, such as:

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Domar: the calendrical and liturgical cycle of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church

2486: 2274: 2163: 1687: 1668: 1648: 1573: 1558: 1507: 1392: 1292: 1217: 1202: 1197: 1167: 1137: 1102: 1097: 1022: 952: 862: 633: 396: 318: 103: 9856: 9608: 8379: 8288: 8117: 8107: 6900: 2261:, as a hermeneutical key to argue that his interpretation of Scripture was correct. 1257: 1062: 10545: 10457: 10339: 10329: 10214: 10209: 10129: 10124: 10064: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10019: 10009: 9984: 9959: 9914: 9703: 9698: 9673: 9653: 9533: 9518: 9510: 9460: 9450: 9410: 9242: 9227: 9192: 9167: 9102: 8826: 8811: 8796: 8791: 8469: 8464: 8389: 8374: 8354: 8142: 8067: 7928: 7812: 7797: 7777: 7722: 7702: 7689: 7634: 7526: 7358: 6797: 6737: 6125: 6110: 5811: 5791: 5786: 5769: 5749: 5538: 5476: 5435: 5031: 4898: 4585: 3122: 2999: 2933: 2510: 2329: 2224: 2109: 1995: 1933: 1720: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1297: 1227: 1152: 977: 887: 792: 767: 737: 505: 413: 93: 9217: 8585: 8474: 8213: 8012: 10736: 10595: 10482: 10467: 10364: 10324: 10309: 10289: 10234: 10159: 10149: 10119: 10109: 10044: 10014: 9974: 9969: 9793: 9713: 9668: 9613: 9500: 9445: 9335: 9187: 9072: 8999: 8921: 8886: 8786: 8595: 8484: 8419: 8409: 8333: 8228: 8223: 8127: 8102: 7933: 7913: 7886: 7881: 7851: 7792: 7536: 7363: 7170: 7072: 7010: 6752: 6703: 6249: 5904: 5529: 5273: 5240: 5132: 5061: 4993: 4826: 4765: 4688: 4170: 3362: 2921: 2839: 2653: 2457: 2328:

Irenaeus is also the earliest attestation that the Gospel of John was written by

1987: 1918: 1899: 1812: 1663: 1658: 1593: 1533: 1483: 1317: 1277: 1222: 1157: 1147: 1117: 1112: 1087: 1042: 1027: 1007: 947: 892: 822: 757: 207: 9708: 8641: 8027: 4955:

Irenaeus (1885a). Alexander Roberts; James Donaldson; A. Cleveland Coxe (eds.).

4913:

Orthodoxy and Heresy in Early Christian Contexts: Reconsidering the Bauer Thesis

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Irenaeus (1885). Alexander Roberts; James Donaldson; A. Cleveland Coze (eds.).

4785: 4479: 4440: 4378: 4350: 4322: 4291: 4253: 4237: 4111: 4031: 4015: 3999: 3962: 3934: 3802: 3786: 3698: 3540: 3455: 3439: 3423: 3407: 3391: 3208: 3114: 3106: 3089: 3051: 3031: 2987: 2917: 2637: 2514: 2278: 2270: 2266: 2101: 2089: 2071: 2010: 2006: 1885: 1753: 1618: 1445: 1312: 1302: 1127: 1047: 1037: 907: 847: 601: 574: 539: 475: 388: 294: 284: 10560: 8509: 5510: 2566: 2485:, in opposition to the Gnostics' theory of God; a number of divine emanations 2082:

Irenaeus wrote a number of books, but the most important that survives is the

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mature as moral agents. Irenaeus likens death to the big fish that swallowed

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Irenaeus conceives of our salvation as essentially coming about through the

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According to Irenaeus, the high point in salvation history is the advent of

1959: 10670: 10369: 10359: 10344: 10274: 10249: 10184: 10144: 10094: 10004: 9919: 9723: 9603: 9578: 9147: 8956: 8748: 8686: 8590: 8529: 8439: 8248: 7908: 7712: 7551: 7491: 7102: 7032: 6910: 6719: 6690: 6557: 6254: 5997: 5956: 5035: 3063: 2343: 2032: 1922: 1792: 1588: 1337: 877: 752: 591: 150: 8514: 8303: 5563: 342: 10630: 10477: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10244: 10194: 10189: 10179: 10154: 10089: 9979: 9778: 9768: 9748: 9618: 9593: 9122: 9029: 8816: 8524: 8494: 8459: 8454: 8429: 8414: 8384: 7982: 7977: 7954: 7846: 7841: 7822: 7787: 7697: 7486: 6742: 6603: 6574: 6515: 6490: 6485: 6349: 6264: 6158: 6139: 5848: 5491: 4761: 4671: 3585:

The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition and Reform

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Irenaeus exercised wide influence on the generation which followed. Both

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History of the Christian Church: Ante-Nicene Christianity, A.D. 100–325

4960: 4947: 2688:

The frequencies of quotations and allusions to the Pauline Epistles in

2232: 2213: 2197: 1976: 1853: 1633: 1583: 1578: 1495: 797: 510: 418: 4887:(1886). Alexander Roberts; James Donaldson; A. Cleveland Coxe (eds.). 3002:

is the first to mention a tradition which held Irenaeus to be a martyr

10620: 10527: 10219: 9881: 9733: 8976: 8841: 8718: 8146: 7832: 7426: 7117: 7067: 6993: 6988: 6762: 6747: 6475: 6465: 6168: 6154: 5878: 4690:

Why Jesus Christ?: Thomistic, Scotistic and Conciliatory Perspectives

4384: 3055: 2869:

saved the first Adam was advocated not only by Irenaeus, but also by

2866: 2817: 2530: 2063: 2059: 1999: 1884:. He is the earliest surviving witness to regard all four of the now- 1865: 1769: 1628: 1563: 1553: 529: 433: 5331:

Irenaeus on the Christian Faith: A Condensation of 'Against Heresies

5015:

Stricken by God? Nonviolent Identification and the Victory of Christ

2835:. Irenaeus calls this process of restoring humanity recapitulation. 10773: 10605: 10442: 10422: 9480: 8961: 8771: 8625: 8046: 7624: 7576: 7481: 7471: 7441: 7385: 6961: 6840: 6480: 6259: 6173: 5909: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5444: 5153: 4811: 3059: 3022: 2959: 2657: 2595:

of God as a man. He characterizes the penalty for sin as death and

2506: 2494: 2478: 2372: 2209: 2200:

freely drew on his writings. However, none of his works aside from

2169:

Eusebius attests to other works by Irenaeus, today lost, including

2067: 1968: 1877: 1820: 1623: 1517: 1461: 1375: 712: 618: 608: 586: 515: 304: 173: 119: 5440: 1980: 10497: 10472: 10417: 9934: 9899: 9340: 9295: 9057: 8994: 8849: 8078: 7967: 7817: 7556: 7531: 7446: 7374: 7328: 6998: 6928: 6588: 6552: 5378:

The Philosophy of the Church Fathers: Faith, Trinity, Incarnation

3861: 3859: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3165:

Armenian Orthodox Theological Research Institute, 2002, p. 513-14

2894: 2292: 1948: 1804: 1067: 722: 687: 645: 640: 519: 5464:

Gregory S. Neal: "The Nature of Evil and the Irenaean Theodicy"

4485: 10502: 10437: 10427: 10412: 10387: 9440: 9067: 7659: 7541: 7436: 6014: 5934: 5801: 4584: 2862: 2608:, although the latter event is an integral part of the former. 2554: 2518: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2307: 2105: 2047: 2003: 1972: 1936:

Church celebrates Irenaeus, the feast being also on 23 August.

1888: 1816: 1808: 1796: 1788: 827: 787: 747: 142: 5487:

Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes

4743:"The Development of the Canon of the New Testament – Irenaeus" 3871: 3856: 3844: 3832: 3676: 3231: 2281:(which is the order presented in his four pillar narrative in 2208:

survive today, perhaps because his literal hope of an earthly

10492: 10487: 10462: 10432: 10407: 9924: 9909: 9904: 9014: 8702: 6562: 5297:. Kirsopp Lake and John E.L. Oulton, trans. New York: Putnam. 4037: 3748:

https://archive.org/details/mysticism00evel/page/104/mode/1up

2550: 2539: 2498: 1895: 1869: 1757: 61: 43: 9951: 9929: 9889: 9107: 7629: 4975: 2543: 1839: 1741: 1738: 857: 4674:(1965) . "Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee and Peraea". 4061: 3613: 2119: 4533: 4521: 2581: 2572:

Irenaeus sees Christ as the new Adam, who systematically

2562: 2482: 1860:. To counter the doctrines of the gnostic sects claiming 1827:, and thus was the last-known living connection with the 1729: 1723: 4328: 4081:"CHURCH FATHERS: Against Heresies, II.22 (St. Irenaeus)" 4049: 3968: 3764: 3587:. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Academic. p. 75 et seq. 2472: 4229: 4227: 4103: 4101: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3954: 3952: 3912: 3890: 3888: 3886: 2231:

Irenaeus's works were first translated into English by

7180:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

5306:. Gene J.Lund, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing. 5094:. In Frances Young; Lewis Ayres; Andrew Louth (eds.). 4446: 4396: 4197: 3900: 3716: 3649: 3284: 3282: 3221: 3219: 3217: 2838:

For Irenaeus, Paul's presentation of the Old Law (the

237:

Bishop, Martyr, Bishop of Lyons, Doctor of the Church.

4935:. Munster i. W.: Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen. vii. 4509: 4356: 3704: 3637: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 1744: 1735: 4883: 4497: 4491: 3883: 3808: 3728: 3666: 3664: 3625: 3601: 3546: 3186: 3058:

use Matthew's Gospel, Marcion mutilates Luke's, the

2546:, but without them we could never come to know God. 1726: 5408:

A nineteenth-century translation of Irenaeus's work

5243:, trans. Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut, in 5096:

The Cambridge History of Early Christian Literature

3505: 3279: 3214: 2644:, and he had at that time resentful enmity against 2302:must have still been a novelty in Irenaeus's time. 1795:communities in the southern regions of present-day 1791:bishop noted for his role in guiding and expanding 1732: 3820: 3752: 3564: 3518: 3467: 3260: 8671: 5339:Patrology: The Beginnings of Patristic Literature 5315:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 5257:. Buffalo, NY: The Christian Literature Company. 5164:. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4933:Die Lehre des hl. Irenäus uber das Neue Testament 4595:. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4185: 3661: 3248: 2173:an untitled letter to Blastus regarding schism, 27:2nd-century Greek bishop and Doctor of the Church 10803: 7270: 5060:McDonald, Lee Martin; Sanders, James A. (2001). 4707: 3242: 2955:Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross 66:20th-century Greek icon depicting Saint Irenaeus 5059: 3877: 3865: 3850: 3838: 3486: 3043: 2100:. In Book II he attempts to provide proof that 5512:The First Theologians: Irenaeus and Tertullian 4985:St Irenaeus of Lyons: Against the Heresies III 3304:, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969, p. 96 8657: 7256: 5579: 5482:Critique of Pagel's article by Paul Mankowski 4714:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2524: 2332:, and that the Gospel of Luke was written by 2212:may have made him uncongenial reading in the 1695: 1413: 208:Latin Catholic Church and Eastern Catholicism 3367:. Church Publishing, Inc. 17 December 2019. 2927: 2206:The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching 2155:The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching 5593: 5333:(Cambridge, James Clarke and Co Ltd, 2012). 4957:Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenæus 4676:Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society 4554:"A Spectators Guide to the Gospel of Judas" 8664: 8650: 7263: 7249: 5586: 5572: 5380:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 5275:Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church 4814:(1890). Philip Schaff; Henry Wace (eds.). 4612: 4164: 2636:In Demonstration (74) Irenaeus notes "For 2513:. (John had used Logos terminology in the 1702: 1688: 1420: 1406: 60: 4983:Irenaeus (2012). Dominic J. Unger (ed.). 4954: 4625: 4158: 3918: 3746:Mysticism. Pub by E.P.Dutton and Co.Inc. 3710: 3128: 2880: 2811: 2663: 1963:Irenaeus, in Church of St Irenaeus, Lyon. 1819:, he had seen and heard the preaching of 1799:and, more widely, for the development of 5413:Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching 5301: 5292: 5184: 5151: 4982: 4967: 4939: 4810: 4731: 4599: 4582: 4545: 4515: 4475: 4452: 4436: 4402: 4390: 4374: 4346: 4318: 4287: 4249: 4233: 4203: 4123: 4107: 4067: 4027: 4011: 3995: 3958: 3930: 3798: 3782: 3722: 3694: 3682: 3536: 3451: 3435: 3419: 3403: 3387: 3225: 3204: 3110: 3102: 3095: 3085: 3047: 3027: 3014: 2983: 2904:In his article entitled "The Demiurge", 2873:, which suggests that it was popular in 2441: 2118: 1986:During the persecution of Christians by 1958: 7004:Fostering of early experimental science 5375: 5336: 5271: 5195: 5080: 4991: 4362: 3770: 3273: 3192: 3078: 3037: 3005: 2993: 2976: 2897:of which the Achamoth originally fell. 2656:from AD 26–36. He served under Emperor 2509:, who was said to have been tutored by 14: 10804: 8264:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler 7108:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 5492:"St. Irenæus, Bishop of Lyons, Martyr" 5345: 5130: 5121: 5112: 5089: 5012: 4909: 4897: 4824: 4784: 4760: 4043: 3826: 3814: 3758: 3734: 3643: 3631: 3619: 3607: 3294: 3254: 2619:Adversus Haereses, book II, chapter 22 2456:Scripture. In a passage that became a 2437: 2249:Development of the New Testament canon 8645: 7244: 5567: 5366: 5310: 5168: 5021: 4859: 4845: 4740: 4686: 4670: 4646: 4539: 4527: 4503: 4334: 4191: 4133: 4055: 3974: 3894: 3670: 3655: 3582: 3524: 3288: 2489:along with a distinction between the 2473:Theology and contrast with Gnosticism 2235:and published in 1872 as part of the 2216:. Even though no complete version of 1921:celebrates his memorial on 28 June. 1823:, who in turn was said to have heard 5352:. Grand Rapids, Mich: Wm. Eerdmans. 5251:Coxe, Arthur Cleveland, ed. (1885). 5250: 5050: 4971:Demonstration of Apostolic Preaching 4711:; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). 4653:An Introduction to the New Testament 3570: 3330: 3134:For other theories of atonement see 1880:, and the teaching of the apostles' 5191:. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 4974:. Translated by Armitage Robinson. 4930: 4551: 3906: 3506:Christophe Cornevin (1 June 2024). 3318:. Press.vatican.va. 21 January 2022 2553:. For Irenaeus, the Incarnation of 2066:to the Middle Ages, but a piece of 24: 9564:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 8682:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints 5209: 5024:Journal of Early Christian Studies 4852:The Formation of the New Testament 4016:Book III, Chapter 21, Section 9–10 2855:recapitulation theory of atonement 2578:Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil 323:Recapitulation theory of atonement 195:Monday after fourth Sunday of the 25: 10938: 10837:2nd-century Christian theologians 5393:Early Christian Writings Irenaeus 5386: 5134:Irenaeus: Life, Scripture, Legacy 4480:Book III, Chapter 23, Section 7-8 2962:– 3rd century papyrus portion of 2481:is the unity and the goodness of 10784: 10772: 10651:María de las Maravillas de Jesús 10508:Seven Maccabees and their mother 9694:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War 8624: 5448: 5341:. Westminster, MD: Newman Press. 5225:Proof of the Apostolic Preaching 5220:, trans JP Smith, (ACW 16, 1952) 5218:Proof of the Apostolic Preaching 5158:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 5137:. Minneanpolis: Fortress Press. 4589:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 3046:, pp. 280, 310 summarizing 2611: 2477:The central point of Irenaeus's 2183:How God is not the Cause of Evil 2160:Proof of the Apostolic Preaching 1807:interpretations of Scripture as 1719: 1386: 1374: 382: 374: 366: 341: 7582:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 5376:Wolfson, Henry Austryn (1970). 4828:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints 4458: 4419: 4408: 4393:, pp. 176–177, endnote 48. 4379:Book III, Chapter 18, Section 2 4323:Book III, Chapter 11, Section 3 4270: 4259: 4254:Book III, Chapter 19, Section 1 4238:Book III, Chapter 18, Section 1 4209: 4073: 4000:Book III, Chapter 18, Section 7 3963:Book III, Chapter 22, Section 3 3940: 3740: 3576: 3499: 3487:Hervé Gattegnno (4 June 2024). 3480: 3461: 3355: 3308: 3069: 3052:Book III, Chapter 11, Section 7 3032:Book III, Chapter 11, Section 8 2253:Irenaeus pointed to the public 2074:is from the right time period. 7295:History of the Catholic Church 6967:Separation of church and state 6636:Formal and material principles 6621:Separation of church and state 5098:. Cambridge University Press. 5053:The Holy Spirit and the Church 4112:Book II, Chapter 22, Section 5 3935:Book IV, Chapter 33, Section 8 3803:Book IV, Chapter 33, Section 7 3787:Book III, Chapter 4, Section 2 3456:Book V Chapter 24, Section 1ff 3177: 3168: 3156: 3115:Book V Chapter 20, Section 5ff 3107:Book III, Chapter 3, Section 4 1864:, he offered three pillars of 13: 1: 10616:Faustina and Liberata of Como 9804:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia 9749:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross 8673:Saints of the Catholic Church 7944:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 7341:History of Christian theology 6631:Hymnody of continental Europe 5782:Apostles in the New Testament 5398:Fragments from his lost works 5369:A Study of Early Christianity 5227:, trans John Behr (PPS, 1997) 5055:. Notre Dame Institute Press. 4441:Book V, Chapter 16, Section 3 4351:Book V, Chapter 16, Section 2 4032:Book V, Chapter 21, Section 1 3440:Book I, Chapter 13, Section 7 3144: 2319: 2031:' living and teaching in the 1777: 168: 161: 134: 10832:2nd-century Christian saints 7272:History of Catholic theology 5496:Butler's Lives of the Saints 4992:Jurgens, W. A., ed. (1970). 4796:. Oxford: University Press. 4292:Book V, Chapter 2, Section 2 4169:. Livius.org. Archived from 3699:Book V Chapter 20, Section 1 3364:Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 3243:Cross & Livingstone 2005 3149: 2604:His Redemptive death in the 2505:. Irenaeus was a student of 2242: 2017:famous of these writings is 1954: 1770: 7: 10852:3rd-century apocalypticists 10827:2nd-century bishops in Gaul 10822:2nd-century apocalypticists 6079:Eastern Orthodox opposition 5447:(public domain audiobooks) 4831:. Oxford University Press. 4825:Farmer, David Hugh (1997). 4717:. Oxford University Press. 3878:McDonald & Sanders 2001 3866:McDonald & Sanders 2001 3851:McDonald & Sanders 2001 3839:McDonald & Sanders 2001 3468:Alain Stevanovitch (2019). 3392:Book V Chapter 4, Section 1 3117:that in his 'youth' he saw 3101:Irenaeus himself tells us ( 3044:McDonald & Sanders 2001 2948: 2565:determined his role as the 2501:theology he inherited from 2334:Luke, the companion of Paul 2175:On the Subject of Knowledge 2135:Until the discovery of the 2077: 1939:Irenaeus is honored in the 1925:declared Irenaeus the 37th 1912:Assyrian Church of the East 1894:Irenaeus is venerated as a 1544:Best of all possible worlds 220:Assyrian Church of the East 199:(Armenian Apostolic Church) 10: 10943: 10912:Saints from Roman Anatolia 10779:Catholic Church portal 9739:Saints of the Cristero War 8370:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 8360:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange 7645:Transubstantiation dispute 6096:Art patronage of Julius II 5432:Works by or about Irenaeus 5295:The Ecclesiastical History 5090:Norris, Richard A (2004). 4693:. Trinity Communications. 4687:Carol, Juniper B. (1986). 4626:Blackwell, Ben C. (2011). 4602:Calvin Theological Journal 4583:Arendzen, John P. (1908). 4575: 2932:Irenaeus took part in the 2646:Herod the king of the Jews 2525:Unity of salvation history 2246: 1967:Irenaeus was a Greek from 1908:Oriental Orthodox Churches 1803:by combating heterodox or 1758: 429:Principle of Double Effect 29: 10887:Christian anti-Gnosticism 10767: 10704: 10536: 10378: 9950: 9880: 9812: 9774:Three Martyrs of Chimbote 9544:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala 9509: 9274: 9241: 9043: 8985: 8872: 8840: 8757: 8719:Mother of God (Theotokos) 8709: 8679: 8619: 8538: 8347: 8206: 8076: 7952: 7831: 7688: 7595: 7455: 7349: 7287: 7278: 7188: 7023: 6942: 6871: 6806: 6728: 6659: 6599:Calvinist–Arminian debate 6573: 6340: 6223: 6059: 5950: 5832: 5730: 5619: 5601: 5552: 5543: 5535: 5528: 5367:Tyson, Joseph B. (1973). 5152:Poncelet, Albert (1910). 5051:Most, William G. (1991). 5017:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. 4492:Gregory Thaumaturgus 1886 3136:Atonement in Christianity 2934:Quartodeciman Controversy 2928:Quartodeciman Controversy 2652:of the Roman province of 1998:concerning the heresy of 1842:, his best-known work is 1471: 1441: 1434: 332: 328: 314: 300: 290: 280: 270: 263: 249: 241: 233: 203: 189: 184: 157: 130: 125: 114: 109: 99: 89: 79: 71: 59: 54: 41: 32:Irenaeus (disambiguation) 10857:3rd-century Greek people 10842:2nd-century Greek people 9920:Joseph (father of Jesus) 9306:Athanasius of Alexandria 9088:Athanasius of Alexandria 8972:Theophanes the Confessor 8952:Paul I of Constantinople 8947:Paphnutius the Confessor 8892:Athanasius the Confessor 8284:Matthias Joseph Scheeben 7477:Athanasius of Alexandria 7369:First Epistle of Clement 7088:Christian existentialism 5302:Hägglund, Bengt (1968). 5196:Wingren, Gustaf (n.d.), 4910:Hartog, Paul A. (2015). 4736:(2nd ed.). Penguin. 4732:Chadwick, Henry (1993). 4046:, p. 462, note 158. 3583:Olson, Roger E. (1999). 2969: 1856:, in particular that of 216:Oriental Orthodox Church 9852:Gregory the Illuminator 9822:Augustine of Canterbury 9371:Dionysius of Alexandria 9286:Alexander of Alexandria 8395:Dietrich von Hildebrand 8259:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi 8133:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet 8113:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda 7655:Paulinus II of Aquileia 7650:Predestination disputes 5595:History of Christianity 5428:Extensive bibliography. 5346:Schaff, Philip (1980). 5254:The Ante-Nicene Fathers 5202:Encyclopædia Britannica 5188:A Handbook of Patrology 5122:Pagels, Elaine (2005). 5113:Pagels, Elaine (1979). 4903:Understanding the Bible 3174:Against Heresies 5.28.4 1904:Eastern Orthodox Church 545:Theological determinism 212:Eastern Orthodox Church 197:Exaltation of the Cross 10927:Theologians of theosis 9291:Alexander of Jerusalem 8897:Chariton the Confessor 8859:in the Catholic Church 8631:Catholicism portal 8480:Hans Urs von Balthasar 8279:Tommaso Maria Zigliara 8219:Félicité de La Mennais 7898:The Cloud of Unknowing 7399:The Shepherd of Hermas 7156:Fourth Great Awakening 7043:Second Great Awakening 6282:Fall of Constantinople 6074:Development of primacy 5530:Catholic Church titles 5371:. New York: Macmillan. 5272:Edwards, Mark (2009). 5169:Stark, Rodney (2007). 5081:Nielsen, J.T. (1968). 5036:10.1353/earl.2014.0029 4770:. Simon and Schuster. 3558:Orthodox Church Quotes 3554:"St. Irenaeus of Lyon" 2881:Valentinian Gnosticism 2865:. The notion that the 2812:Christ as the New Adam 2664:Use of Paul's Epistles 2658:Tiberius Claudius Nero 2469:churches, to be true. 2452: 2237:Library of the Fathers 2137:Library of Nag Hammadi 2124: 2009:and became the second 1964: 1466:The Shepherd of Hermas 1381:Catholicism portal 733:Gregory (of Nazianzus) 597:Christian Neoplatonism 10917:Doctors of the Church 10722:Fourteen Holy Helpers 10686:Trasilla and Emiliana 9837:Evermode of Ratzeburg 9719:Perpetua and Felicity 9689:Martyrs of Sandomierz 9559:Dismas the Good Thief 9486:Theophilus of Antioch 9456:Maximus the Confessor 9391:Epiphanius of Salamis 9331:Clement of Alexandria 9045:Doctors of the Church 8937:Maximus the Confessor 8724:Immaculate Conception 8405:Marie-Dominique Chenu 8324:Marie-Joseph Lagrange 8309:Désiré-Joseph Mercier 8193:Clement Mary Hofbauer 8188:Johann Michael Sailer 7615:Maximus the Confessor 7307:History of the papacy 7151:Reformed epistemology 7093:Third Great Awakening 7063:Seventh-day Adventist 6984:First Great Awakening 6857:Book of Common Prayer 6651:Protestant work ethic 6194:Independent Catholics 6145:Monastery dissolution 5329:Payton Jr., James R. 5311:Minns, Denis (1994). 5239:16 March 2016 at the 5161:Catholic Encyclopedia 4905:, Palo Alto: Mayfield 4847:Grant, Robert McQueen 4741:Davis, Glenn (2010). 4648:Brown, Raymond Edward 4592:Catholic Encyclopedia 4559:. Sydneyanglicans.net 3342:The Church of England 2445: 2122: 1962: 1929:on 21 January 2022. 1876:handed down from the 1393:Philosophy portal 291:Tradition or movement 10892:Christian apologists 10626:Hiltrude of Liessies 10571:Catherine of Bologna 10566:Bernadette Soubirous 9759:17 Thomasian Martyrs 9569:Four Crowned Martyrs 9491:Victorinus of Pettau 9471:Papias of Hierapolis 9441:Jerome of Stridonium 9406:Gregory of Nazianzus 9376:Dionysius of Corinth 9198:Lawrence of Brindisi 9153:Bernard of Clairvaux 9128:Anselm of Canterbury 9083:Gregory of Nazianzus 9010:Priscilla and Aquila 8907:Edward the Confessor 8581:Raniero Cantalamessa 8551:Alice von Hildebrand 8500:Edward Schillebeeckx 8178:Maria Gaetana Agnesi 8063:Lawrence of Brindisi 7993:Francisco de Vitoria 7783:Beatrice of Nazareth 7758:Hugh of Saint Victor 7738:Bernard of Clairvaux 7718:Anselm of Canterbury 7680:John Scotus Eriugena 7675:Paschasius Radbertus 7522:Gregory of Nazianzus 7416:Epistle to Diognetus 6974:Edicts of toleration 6783:Three Forms of Unity 6548:Bohemian Reformation 6121:Catholic Reformation 5978:Roman state religion 5797:Council of Jerusalem 5473:Critique of Irenaeus 5337:Quasten, J. (1960). 5155:"St. Irenaeus" 4998:. Liturgical Press. 4885:Gregory Thaumaturgus 3622:, pp. 199, 200. 3489:"La Revue de Presse" 2871:Gregory Thaumaturgus 2833:Economy of Salvation 2497:. Irenaeus uses the 2463:preeminent authority 2399:2 Thessalonians 5:25 2367:Acts of the Apostles 2152:Irenaeus also wrote 2056:Church of Saint John 1927:Doctor of the Church 1539:Augustinian theodicy 629:Second scholasticism 55:Doctor of the Church 30:For other uses, see 10676:Teresa of the Andes 10556:Angela of the Cross 10518:Zechariah (prophet) 9664:Martyrs of La Rioja 9659:21 Martyrs of Libya 9549:Christina of Persia 9529:Charles de Foucauld 9466:Quadratus of Athens 9426:Ignatius of Antioch 9396:Fulgentius of Ruspe 9346:Cyril of Alexandria 9341:Cyprian of Carthage 9326:Cappadocian Fathers 9223:Hildegard of Bingen 9093:Cyril of Alexandria 8967:Sergius of Radonezh 8729:Perpetual virginity 8556:Carlo Maria Martini 8520:Johann Baptist Metz 8490:Frederick Copleston 8314:Friedrich von Hügel 8274:Joseph Hergenröther 8254:Gaetano Sanseverino 8234:Ignaz von Döllinger 8158:Nicolas Malebranche 7998:Thomas of Villanova 7959:Counter-Reformation 7939:Girolamo Savonarola 7753:Hildegard of Bingen 7562:Cyril of Alexandria 7405:Aristides of Athens 7392:Epistle of Barnabas 7381:Ignatius of Antioch 7319:Ecumenical councils 7146:Liberation theology 7053:Jehovah's Witnesses 6886:Radical Reformation 6614:Resistance theories 6501:Christian mysticism 6496:Early Scholasticism 6208:Ecclesial community 6106:Counter-Reformation 5971:Constantinian shift 5304:History of Theology 5245:Ante-Nicene Fathers 5179:Vigilae Christianae 5092:"Irenaeus of Lyons" 4855:. Harper & Row. 4792:Lost Christianities 4709:Cross, Frank Leslie 4552:Dickson, Dr. John. 4542:, pp. 313–316. 4530:, pp. 316–317. 4465:1 Corinthians 15:54 4337:, pp. 312–313. 4058:, pp. 324–325. 3977:, pp. 172–174. 3909:, pp. 189–197. 3541:Book III, Chapter 4 3302:Calendarium Romanum 3090:Book IV, Chapter 26 2988:Book III, Chapter 3 2599:. God, however, is 2449:Nuremberg Chronicle 2438:Apostolic authority 2396:1 Thessalonians 5:6 2029:Marcus the Magician 1825:John the Evangelist 1815:. Originating from 459:Liberation Theology 360:Catholic philosophy 10902:Gallo-Roman saints 10882:Catholic Mariology 10867:Ancient Smyrnaeans 10862:3rd-century Romans 10847:2nd-century Romans 10717:Four Holy Marshals 10712:Calendar of saints 10681:Teresa of Calcutta 10661:Patricia of Naples 10586:Catherine of Siena 9867:Patrick of Ireland 9789:Vietnamese Martyrs 9679:Martyrs of Otranto 9634:Martyrs of Cajonos 9629:Martyrs of Algeria 9624:Martyrs of Albania 9584:The Holy Innocents 9554:Devasahayam Pillai 9539:Carthusian Martyrs 9481:Polycarp of Smyrna 9436:Isidore of Seville 9421:Hippolytus of Rome 9416:Hilary of Poitiers 9351:Cyril of Jerusalem 9316:Caesarius of Arles 9311:Augustine of Hippo 9213:Thérèse of Lisieux 9208:Catherine of Siena 9158:Hilary of Poitiers 9133:Isidore of Seville 9108:Bede the Venerable 9098:Cyril of Jerusalem 9063:Augustine of Hippo 8977:Pio of Pietrelcina 8942:Michael of Synnada 8571:Alasdair MacIntyre 8450:Nouvelle théologie 8339:Thérèse of Lisieux 8183:Alfonso Muzzarelli 8123:Jean-Jacques Olier 8093:Tommaso Campanella 8008:Francisco de Osuna 8003:Ignatius of Loyola 7872:Catherine of Siena 7768:Robert Grosseteste 7665:Benedict of Aniane 7605:Isidore of Seville 7547:Augustine of Hippo 7512:Cyril of Jerusalem 7507:Hilary of Poitiers 7220:Oriental Orthodoxy 6863:King James Version 6675:Ninety-five Theses 6471:Apostolic Brethren 6245:Church of the East 6240:Oriental Orthodoxy 6086:Crusading movement 5606:Early Christianity 5521:James L. Papandrea 5426:EarlyChurch.org.uk 5181:58 (2004):117–137. 5115:The Gnostc Gospels 4916:. Wipf and Stock. 4899:Harris, Stephen L. 4070:, pp. 47, 57. 3424:Book IV, Chapter 2 2624:In the passage of 2517:and the letter of 2453: 2125: 1965: 1852:, a refutation of 1836:bishop of Lugdunum 1801:Christian theology 1569:Inconsistent triad 1549:Divine retribution 738:Gregory (of Nyssa) 466:Christian Humanism 178:Gallia Lugdunensis 10799: 10798: 10791:Saints portal 10742:Miles Christianus 10727:Martyr of charity 10696:Josephine Bakhita 10691:Ubaldesca Taccini 10636:Kateri Tekakwitha 10611:Faustina Kowalska 10601:Eulalia of Mérida 10581:Catherine Labouré 10576:Brigid of Kildare 10403:Baruch ben Neriah 9847:François de Laval 9832:Damien of Molokai 9799:Victor and Corona 9794:Valentine of Rome 9684:Martyrs of Prague 9649:Martyrs of Gorkum 9609:Martyrs of Lübeck 9496:Vincent of Lérins 9476:Peter Chrysologus 9431:Irenaeus of Lyons 9401:Gregory the Great 9386:Ephrem the Syrian 9183:Robert Bellarmine 9178:John of the Cross 9163:Alphonsus Liguori 9138:Peter Chrysologus 9113:Ephrem the Syrian 9078:Basil of Caesarea 9053:Gregory the Great 9035:Seventy disciples 8927:Lazarus Zographos 8912:Francis of Assisi 8782:James of Alphaeus 8739:Marian apparition 8639: 8638: 8566:Gustavo Gutiérrez 8561:Pope Benedict XVI 8546:Pope John Paul II 8445:Josemaría Escrivá 8435:Henri Daniel-Rops 8319:Vladimir Solovyov 8299:Neo-scholasticism 8239:John Henry Newman 8173:Louis de Montfort 8168:Alphonsus Liguori 8163:Giambattista Vico 8098:Pierre de Bérulle 8084:French Revolution 8053:Robert Bellarmine 8033:John of the Cross 7919:Julian of Norwich 7877:Bridget of Sweden 7867:John of Ruusbroec 7857:William of Ockham 7773:Francis of Assisi 7763:Dominic de Guzmán 7733:Decretum Gratiani 7708:Berengar of Tours 7597:Early Middle Ages 7567:Peter Chrysologus 7517:Basil of Caesarea 7502:Ephrem the Syrian 7442:Antipope Novatian 7238: 7237: 7215:Eastern Orthodoxy 7083:Finnish Awakening 7038:Holiness movement 6979:Congregationalism 6938: 6937: 6798:Metrical psalters 6235:Eastern Orthodoxy 6179:Neo-Scholasticism 5886:Canon development 5787:Jewish Christians 5562: 5561: 5553:Succeeded by 5501:"Catholic Online" 5458:Pope Benedict XVI 5441:Works by Irenaeus 5293:Eusebius (1932). 5144:978-0-8006-9796-9 5105:978-0-521-46083-5 5073:978-1-4412-4163-4 5005:978-0-8146-1021-3 4968:Irenaeus (1920). 4923:978-1-61097-504-9 4890:On All the Saints 4876:978-1-134-81518-0 4866:Irenaeus of Lyons 4838:978-0-19-280058-9 4803:978-0-19-518249-1 4777:978-0-671-11500-5 4724:978-0-19-280290-3 4700:978-0-937495-03-2 4663:978-0-385-24767-2 4639:978-3-16-151672-6 4085:www.newadvent.org 3773:, pp. 48–49. 3408:Book I, Chapter 2 3374:978-1-64065-235-4 2809: 2808: 2626:Adversus Haereses 2381:2 Corinthians 3:7 2378:1 Corinthians 1:3 2284:Adversus haereses 2094:Adversus haereses 2020:Adversus haereses 1941:Church of England 1850:Adversus Haereses 1848:, often cited as 1767: 1712: 1711: 1574:Irenaean theodicy 1559:Epicurean paradox 1501: 1500: 1430: 1429: 1363: 1362: 1248:Garrigou-Lagrange 557:Divine Attributes 336: 335: 319:Irenaean theodicy 16:(Redirected from 10934: 10789: 10788: 10787: 10777: 10776: 10656:Narcisa de Jesús 10641:Lucy of Syracuse 10546:Agatha of Sicily 10458:John the Baptist 9704:Maximilian Kolbe 9699:Martyrs of Zenta 9674:Martyrs of Natal 9654:Martyrs of Japan 9644:Martyrs of China 9639:Martyrs of Drina 9574:Gerard of Csanád 9534:Canadian Martyrs 9519:Abda and Abdisho 9461:Melito of Sardis 9451:John of Damascus 9411:Gregory of Nyssa 9296:Ambrose of Milan 9228:Gregory of Narek 9193:Anthony of Padua 9168:Francis de Sales 9103:John of Damascus 8749:Joseph (husband) 8701: → 8697: → 8693: → 8666: 8659: 8652: 8643: 8642: 8629: 8628: 8470:Emmanuel Mounier 8465:Bernard Lonergan 8390:Georges Bernanos 8375:Jacques Maritain 8355:G. K. Chesterton 8244:Henri Lacordaire 8143:Cornelius Jansen 8138:François Fénelon 8068:Francis de Sales 8058:Francisco Suárez 7929:Nicholas of Cusa 7813:Siger of Brabant 7798:Boetius of Dacia 7778:Anthony of Padua 7723:Joachim of Fiore 7703:Gregory of Narek 7690:High Middle Ages 7635:John of Damascus 7527:Gregory of Nyssa 7265: 7258: 7251: 7242: 7241: 6657: 6656: 6044:Non-Chalcedonian 6025:Constantinople I 5817:General epistles 5812:Pauline epistles 5792:Paul the Apostle 5770:Great Commission 5588: 5581: 5574: 5565: 5564: 5536:Preceded by 5526: 5525: 5513: 5477:Elaine H. Pagels 5452: 5451: 5436:Internet Archive 5381: 5372: 5363: 5342: 5326: 5307: 5298: 5289: 5268: 5233:Against Heresies 5204: 5198:"Saint Irenaeus" 5192: 5174: 5173:. HarperCollins. 5165: 5157: 5148: 5127: 5118: 5117:. Vintage Books. 5109: 5086: 5077: 5063:The Canon Debate 5056: 5047: 5018: 5009: 4988: 4979: 4964: 4951: 4943:Against Heresies 4936: 4931:Hoh, J. (1919). 4927: 4906: 4894: 4880: 4861:Grant, Robert M. 4856: 4842: 4821: 4807: 4795: 4781: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4737: 4734:The Early Church 4728: 4704: 4683: 4667: 4643: 4632:. Mohr Siebeck. 4622: 4609: 4596: 4588: 4586:"Demiurge" 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4558: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4473: 4467: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4434: 4428: 4423: 4417: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4295: 4285: 4279: 4274: 4268: 4263: 4257: 4247: 4241: 4231: 4222: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4165:Jona Lendering. 4162: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4141:"Pontius Pilate" 4137: 4131: 4121: 4115: 4105: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4025: 4019: 4009: 4003: 3993: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3956: 3947: 3944: 3938: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3796: 3790: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3550: 3544: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3465: 3459: 3449: 3443: 3433: 3427: 3417: 3411: 3401: 3395: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3277: 3271: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3229: 3223: 3212: 3209:Book V Chapter 5 3202: 3196: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3123:Bishop of Smyrna 3099: 3093: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3062:use Mark's, the 3041: 3035: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3003: 3000:Gregory of Tours 2997: 2991: 2980: 2964:Against Heresies 2938:Victor I of Rome 2875:the Early Church 2695: 2694: 2690:Against Heresies 2640:was governor of 2511:John the Apostle 2446:Irenaeus in the 2390:Philippians 4:18 2330:John the Apostle 2324: 2321: 2304:Against Heresies 2289:Against Heresies 2225:Evelyn Underhill 2218:Against Heresies 2202:Against Heresies 2141:Against Heresies 2110:Paul the Apostle 2085:Against Heresies 2025:Against Heresies 1996:Pope Eleutherius 1945:Episcopal Church 1934:Eastern Orthodox 1910:, including the 1845:Against Heresies 1786: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1704: 1697: 1690: 1503: 1502: 1432: 1431: 1422: 1415: 1408: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1379: 1378: 768:John of Damascus 676: 675: 506:Moderate realism 414:Cardinal virtues 386: 385: 381: 378: 377: 373: 370: 369: 345: 338: 337: 265:Theological work 257:Against Heresies 252: 170: 166: 163: 139: 136: 126:Personal details 64: 49:Irenaeus of Lyon 39: 38: 21: 10942: 10941: 10937: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10932: 10931: 10877:Bishops of Lyon 10872:Anglican saints 10802: 10801: 10800: 10795: 10785: 10783: 10771: 10763: 10754:Seven Champions 10747:Church Militant 10737:Athleta Christi 10732:Military saints 10700: 10596:Clare of Assisi 10532: 10468:Judas Barsabbas 10374: 9946: 9876: 9862:Nino of Georgia 9808: 9714:Pedro Calungsod 9669:Martyrs of Laos 9614:Luigi Versiglia 9505: 9446:John Chrysostom 9336:Clement of Rome 9277: 9270: 9237: 9203:Teresa of Ávila 9188:Albertus Magnus 9073:John Chrysostom 9039: 9000:Mary of Bethany 8981: 8887:Anthony of Kiev 8868: 8836: 8787:James the Great 8753: 8705: 8684: 8675: 8670: 8640: 8635: 8623: 8615: 8596:Jean-Luc Marion 8534: 8485:Marcel Lefebvre 8410:Romano Guardini 8365:Joseph Maréchal 8343: 8334:Maurice Blondel 8229:Antonio Rosmini 8224:Luigi Taparelli 8202: 8128:Louis Thomassin 8103:Pierre Gassendi 8086: 8082: 8072: 8023:Teresa of Ávila 7961: 7957: 7948: 7934:Marsilio Ficino 7924:Thomas à Kempis 7914:Devotio Moderna 7887:Johannes Tauler 7882:Meister Eckhart 7852:Dante Alighieri 7827: 7793:Albertus Magnus 7684: 7591: 7537:John Chrysostom 7465: 7461: 7451: 7364:Clement of Rome 7345: 7283: 7274: 7269: 7239: 7234: 7184: 7171:Christian right 7073:Oxford Movement 7048:Restorationists 7019: 6934: 6867: 6802: 6753:Presbyterianism 6724: 6704:Book of Concord 6655: 6579: 6577: 6569: 6336: 6226: 6219: 6055: 5954: 5946: 5905:Clement of Rome 5835: 5828: 5732: 5726: 5615: 5597: 5592: 5558: 5549: 5541: 5511: 5466:Grace Incarnate 5460:on St. Irenaeus 5449: 5418:Book II, ch. 22 5389: 5384: 5360: 5323: 5286: 5265: 5241:Wayback Machine 5212: 5210:Further reading 5207: 5145: 5106: 5074: 5006: 4924: 4877: 4839: 4804: 4786:Ehrman, Bart D. 4778: 4751: 4749: 4725: 4701: 4664: 4640: 4578: 4573: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4546: 4538: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4474: 4470: 4463: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4409: 4401: 4397: 4389: 4385: 4373: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4345: 4341: 4333: 4329: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4298: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4271: 4264: 4260: 4248: 4244: 4232: 4225: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4122: 4118: 4106: 4099: 4089: 4087: 4079: 4078: 4074: 4066: 4062: 4054: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4026: 4022: 4010: 4006: 3994: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3957: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3893: 3884: 3876: 3872: 3864: 3857: 3849: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3797: 3793: 3781: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3709: 3705: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3535: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3504: 3500: 3493:Radio Classique 3485: 3481: 3466: 3462: 3450: 3446: 3434: 3430: 3418: 3414: 3402: 3398: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3287: 3280: 3272: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3232: 3224: 3215: 3203: 3199: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3100: 3096: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3042: 3038: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3006: 2998: 2994: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2951: 2930: 2922:Gospel of Judas 2883: 2840:Mosaic covenant 2814: 2770:2 Thessalonians 2762:1 Thessalonians 2666: 2614: 2527: 2475: 2458:locus classicus 2440: 2426:Revelation 4:20 2322: 2300:fourfold Gospel 2259:Apostles' Creed 2251: 2245: 2179:On the Monarchy 2158:(also known as 2080: 2046:celebration of 1988:Marcus Aurelius 1971:'s hometown of 1957: 1919:Catholic Church 1900:Catholic Church 1813:proto-orthodoxy 1784: 1780: 1722: 1718: 1708: 1679: 1678: 1614:Saint Augustine 1609: 1608: 1607:Notable figures 1599: 1598: 1594:Problem of evil 1534:Absence of good 1529: 1528: 1484:Basil the Great 1437: 1426: 1397: 1387: 1385: 1373: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1192: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1002: 994: 993: 992: 812: 804: 803: 802: 682: 673: 663: 662: 570: 562: 561: 491: 481: 480: 454:Social teaching 409: 399: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 321: 250: 244:Theology career 242: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 194: 172: 164: 153: 140: 137: 67: 50: 47: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10940: 10930: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10897:Church Fathers 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10793: 10781: 10768: 10765: 10764: 10762: 10761: 10759:Virtuous pagan 10756: 10751: 10750: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10708: 10706: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10542: 10540: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10530: 10525: 10523:Zechariah (NT) 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10384: 10382: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9956: 9954: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9944: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9886: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9857:Junípero Serra 9854: 9849: 9844: 9842:Francis Xavier 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9818: 9816: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9784:Uganda Martyrs 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9754:Titus Brandsma 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9729:Pietro Parenzo 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9599:Korean Martyrs 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9524:Boris and Gleb 9521: 9515: 9513: 9507: 9506: 9504: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9366:Desert Mothers 9363: 9361:Desert Fathers 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9282: 9280: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9247: 9245: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9173:Peter Canisius 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9118:Thomas Aquinas 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9049: 9047: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9005:Mary Magdalene 9002: 8997: 8991: 8989: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8932:Louis Bertrand 8929: 8924: 8919: 8917:Francis Borgia 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8878: 8876: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8866: 8861: 8852: 8846: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8763: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8746: 8744:Titles of Mary 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8715: 8713: 8707: 8706: 8691:Servant of God 8680: 8677: 8676: 8669: 8668: 8661: 8654: 8646: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8633: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8542: 8540: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8425:Henri de Lubac 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8400:Gabriel Marcel 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8380:Étienne Gilson 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8351: 8349: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8329:George Tyrrell 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8289:Émile Boutroux 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8269:Giuseppe Pecci 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8210: 8208: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8118:António Vieira 8115: 8110: 8108:René Descartes 8105: 8100: 8095: 8089: 8087: 8079:Baroque period 8077: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8043:Luis de Molina 8040: 8038:Peter Canisius 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8018:Francis Xavier 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7973:Thomas Cajetan 7970: 7964: 7962: 7953: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7904:Heinrich Seuse 7901: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7838: 7836: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7808:Thomas Aquinas 7805: 7803:Henry of Ghent 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7748:Anselm of Laon 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7694: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7670:Rabanus Maurus 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7601: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7589: 7587:Pope Gregory I 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7468: 7466: 7463:Pope Gregory I 7456: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7355: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7334:Biblical canon 7331: 7324:Catholic Bible 7321: 7316: 7315: 7314: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7291: 7289: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7276: 7275: 7268: 7267: 7260: 7253: 7245: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7189: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7177: 7168: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7136:Pentecostalism 7133: 7131:Jesus movement 7128: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7029: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7008: 7007: 7006: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6959: 6954: 6948: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6925: 6922:Martyrs Mirror 6918: 6913: 6908: 6906:Martyrs' Synod 6903: 6898: 6896:Swiss Brethren 6893: 6888: 6883: 6877: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6860: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6812: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6734: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6700: 6695: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6665: 6663: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6641:Law and Gospel 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6585: 6583: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6346: 6344: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6322:Ottoman Empire 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6267: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6231: 6229: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6065: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6051:Biblical canon 6048: 6047: 6046: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5962: 5960: 5952:Late antiquity 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5900:Church Fathers 5893: 5888: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5840: 5838: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5742: 5736: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5591: 5590: 5583: 5576: 5568: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5551: 5546:Bishop of Lyon 5542: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5524: 5523: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5470: 5461: 5453: 5438: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5421: 5415: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5388: 5387:External links 5385: 5383: 5382: 5373: 5364: 5358: 5343: 5334: 5327: 5321: 5308: 5299: 5290: 5284: 5269: 5263: 5248: 5228: 5221: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5193: 5182: 5175: 5166: 5149: 5143: 5128: 5119: 5110: 5104: 5087: 5078: 5072: 5057: 5048: 5030:(3): 311–340. 5019: 5010: 5004: 4989: 4980: 4965: 4952: 4937: 4928: 4922: 4907: 4895: 4881: 4875: 4857: 4843: 4837: 4822: 4817:Church History 4808: 4802: 4782: 4776: 4758: 4738: 4729: 4723: 4705: 4699: 4684: 4668: 4662: 4644: 4638: 4623: 4610: 4597: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4544: 4532: 4520: 4508: 4496: 4484: 4468: 4457: 4445: 4429: 4418: 4407: 4395: 4383: 4367: 4355: 4339: 4327: 4311: 4296: 4280: 4269: 4266:1 Cor 15:21–22 4258: 4242: 4223: 4220:Galatians 5:18 4208: 4196: 4184: 4157: 4145:Britannica.com 4132: 4116: 4097: 4072: 4060: 4048: 4036: 4020: 4004: 3979: 3967: 3948: 3939: 3923: 3919:Blackwell 2011 3911: 3899: 3897:, p. 154. 3882: 3880:, p. 267. 3870: 3868:, p. 368. 3855: 3853:, p. 280. 3843: 3841:, p. 277. 3831: 3819: 3807: 3791: 3775: 3763: 3751: 3739: 3727: 3715: 3711:Irenaeus 1885a 3703: 3687: 3675: 3660: 3648: 3646:, p. 122. 3636: 3624: 3612: 3600: 3593: 3575: 3563: 3545: 3529: 3517: 3498: 3479: 3460: 3444: 3428: 3412: 3396: 3380: 3373: 3354: 3338:"The Calendar" 3329: 3307: 3293: 3278: 3259: 3247: 3245:, p. 852. 3230: 3213: 3197: 3185: 3176: 3167: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3127: 3094: 3077: 3068: 3036: 3013: 3004: 2992: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2957: 2950: 2947: 2929: 2926: 2882: 2879: 2825:Romans 5:12–21 2813: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2665: 2662: 2638:Pontius Pilate 2613: 2610: 2526: 2523: 2515:Gospel of John 2474: 2471: 2439: 2436: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2409:2 Timothy 3:14 2407: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2393:Colossians 1:3 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384:Galatians 3:22 2382: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2244: 2241: 2171:On the Ogdoad, 2102:Valentinianism 2079: 2076: 2072:Lyon Cathedral 2011:bishop of Lyon 2007:Saint Pothinus 1956: 1953: 1891:as essential. 1710: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1699: 1692: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1639:Saint Irenaeus 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1499: 1498: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1428: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1417: 1410: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1395: 1383: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1004: 1003: 1000: 999: 996: 995: 991: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 814: 813: 810: 809: 806: 805: 801: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 684: 683: 680: 679: 674: 669: 668: 665: 664: 661: 660: 659: 658: 653: 643: 638: 637: 636: 631: 621: 616: 611: 606: 605: 604: 602:Friends of God 594: 589: 584: 583: 582: 575:Augustinianism 571: 568: 567: 564: 563: 560: 559: 554: 553: 552: 547: 540:Predestination 537: 532: 527: 513: 508: 503: 498: 492: 487: 486: 483: 482: 479: 478: 476:Works of mercy 473: 468: 463: 462: 461: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 410: 405: 404: 401: 400: 387: 363: 362: 356: 355: 347: 346: 334: 333: 330: 329: 326: 325: 316: 312: 311: 302: 301:Main interests 298: 297: 295:Trinitarianism 292: 288: 287: 282: 278: 277: 272: 268: 267: 261: 260: 253: 247: 246: 239: 238: 235: 234:Title as Saint 231: 230: 205: 201: 200: 191: 187: 186: 182: 181: 180:, Roman Empire 159: 155: 154: 141: 132: 128: 127: 123: 122: 116: 112: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 65: 57: 56: 52: 51: 48: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10939: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10792: 10782: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10769: 10766: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10734: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10709: 10707: 10703: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10646:Maria Goretti 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10551:Agnes of Rome 10549: 10547: 10544: 10543: 10541: 10539: 10535: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10377: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9949: 9943: 9942: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9879: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9811: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9764:Thomas Becket 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9589:Irish Martyrs 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9512: 9508: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9273: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9218:John of Ávila 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9143:Leo the Great 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9042: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8984: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8871: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8847: 8845: 8843: 8839: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8674: 8667: 8662: 8660: 8655: 8653: 8648: 8647: 8644: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8621: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8606:Aidan Nichols 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8586:Michał Heller 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8576:Walter Kasper 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8537: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8505:Thomas Merton 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8475:Jean Daniélou 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8214:Joseph Görres 8212: 8211: 8209: 8205: 8199: 8198:Bruno Lanteri 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8153:Blaise Pascal 8151: 8148: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8048: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8013:John of Ávila 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7956: 7951: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7893: 7892:Walter Hilton 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7862:Richard Rolle 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7830: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7743:Peter Lombard 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7728:Peter Abelard 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7687: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7620:Monothelitism 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7610:John Climacus 7608: 7606: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7497:Monophysitism 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7411: 7410:Justin Martyr 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7396: 7394: 7393: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7312:Papal primacy 7310: 7309: 7308: 7305: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7277: 7273: 7266: 7261: 7259: 7254: 7252: 7247: 7246: 7243: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7225:Protestantism 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7098:Azusa Revival 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7078:Laestadianism 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7022: 7016: 7015:Old Lutherans 7012: 7009: 7005: 7002: 7001: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6931: 6930: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6870: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6727: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6681:Diet of Worms 6679: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6581:Protestantism 6576: 6572: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6332:North America 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6058: 6052: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5953: 5949: 5943: 5942:Early African 5940: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5925:Justin Martyr 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5831: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5746: 5745:Life of Jesus 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733:Apostolic Age 5729: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5589: 5584: 5582: 5577: 5575: 5570: 5569: 5566: 5557: 5548: 5547: 5540: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5522: 5519:a lecture by 5518: 5514: 5509: 5507: 5506:"Santiebeati" 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5359:0-8028-8047-9 5355: 5351: 5350: 5344: 5340: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5322:0-87840-553-4 5318: 5314: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5285:9780754662914 5281: 5277: 5276: 5270: 5266: 5264:9780802880871 5260: 5256: 5255: 5249: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5229: 5226: 5222: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5203: 5199: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5171:Cities of God 5167: 5163: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5136: 5135: 5129: 5125: 5124:Beyond Belief 5120: 5116: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5058: 5054: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4869:. Routledge. 4868: 4867: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4853: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4759: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4735: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4656:. Doubleday. 4655: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4536: 4529: 4524: 4517: 4516:Arendzen 1908 4512: 4506:, p. 23. 4505: 4500: 4493: 4488: 4481: 4477: 4476:Irenaeus 1885 4472: 4466: 4461: 4455:, p. 61. 4454: 4453:Bandstra 1970 4449: 4442: 4438: 4437:Irenaeus 1885 4433: 4427: 4422: 4416: 4411: 4405:, p. 50. 4404: 4403:Bandstra 1970 4399: 4392: 4391:Irenaeus 2012 4387: 4380: 4376: 4375:Irenaeus 1885 4371: 4365:, p. 11. 4364: 4359: 4352: 4348: 4347:Irenaeus 1885 4343: 4336: 4331: 4324: 4320: 4319:Irenaeus 1885 4315: 4307: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4288:Irenaeus 1885 4284: 4278: 4273: 4267: 4262: 4255: 4251: 4250:Irenaeus 1885 4246: 4239: 4235: 4234:Irenaeus 1885 4230: 4228: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4206:, p. 48. 4205: 4204:Bandstra 1970 4200: 4193: 4188: 4173:on 3 May 2015 4172: 4168: 4161: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4129: 4125: 4124:Irenaeus 1920 4120: 4113: 4109: 4108:Irenaeus 1885 4104: 4102: 4086: 4082: 4076: 4069: 4068:Bandstra 1970 4064: 4057: 4052: 4045: 4040: 4033: 4029: 4028:Irenaeus 1885 4024: 4017: 4013: 4012:Irenaeus 1885 4008: 4001: 3997: 3996:Irenaeus 1885 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3976: 3971: 3964: 3960: 3959:Irenaeus 1885 3955: 3953: 3943: 3936: 3932: 3931:Irenaeus 1885 3927: 3921:, p. 36. 3920: 3915: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3879: 3874: 3867: 3862: 3860: 3852: 3847: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3817:, p. 20. 3816: 3811: 3804: 3800: 3799:Irenaeus 1885 3795: 3788: 3784: 3783:Irenaeus 1885 3779: 3772: 3767: 3760: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737:, p. 47. 3736: 3731: 3725:, p. 83. 3724: 3723:Chadwick 1993 3719: 3712: 3707: 3700: 3696: 3695:Eusebius 1890 3691: 3685:, Section IV. 3684: 3683:Tixeront 1920 3679: 3672: 3667: 3665: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3640: 3634:, p. 90. 3633: 3628: 3621: 3616: 3610:, p. 54. 3609: 3604: 3596: 3594:0-8308-1505-8 3590: 3586: 3579: 3573:, p. 76. 3572: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3542: 3538: 3537:Irenaeus 1885 3533: 3526: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3457: 3453: 3452:Eusebius 1890 3448: 3441: 3437: 3436:Irenaeus 1885 3432: 3425: 3421: 3420:Irenaeus 1885 3416: 3409: 3405: 3404:Irenaeus 1885 3400: 3393: 3389: 3388:Eusebius 1890 3384: 3376: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3358: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3317: 3311: 3303: 3297: 3291:, p. 14. 3290: 3285: 3283: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3227: 3226:Poncelet 1910 3222: 3220: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3205:Eusebius 1890 3201: 3195:, p. 84. 3194: 3189: 3180: 3171: 3164: 3159: 3155: 3137: 3131: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3111:Eusebius 1890 3108: 3104: 3103:Irenaeus 1885 3098: 3091: 3087: 3086:Irenaeus 1885 3081: 3072: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3048:Irenaeus 1885 3045: 3040: 3033: 3029: 3028:Irenaeus 1885 3025: 3024: 3017: 3008: 3001: 2996: 2989: 2985: 2984:Irenaeus 1885 2979: 2975: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2906:J.P. Arendzen 2902: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2722:2 Corinthians 2721: 2720: 2716: 2714:1 Corinthians 2713: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2661: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2622: 2620: 2612:Christ's life 2609: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2503:Justin Martyr 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2466: 2464: 2459: 2451: 2450: 2444: 2435: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2387:Ephesians 5:2 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2318: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2255:rule of faith 2250: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2146:Elaine Pagels 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2044:Quartodeciman 2041: 2040:Pope Victor I 2036: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1992:Roman emperor 1989: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1961: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1862:secret wisdom 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1811:and defining 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 202 AD 1774: 1773: 1766: 1755: 1749: 1716: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1603: 1602: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1504: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454:Justin Martyr 1451: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1433: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1368: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 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275:Patristic Age 273: 269: 266: 262: 259: 258: 254: 248: 245: 240: 236: 232: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 206: 202: 198: 192: 188: 183: 179: 175: 165: 202 AD 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 138: 130 AD 133: 129: 124: 121: 117: 113: 108: 105: 102: 98: 95: 92: 88: 85: 82: 78: 74: 70: 63: 58: 53: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 10922:Mariologists 10671:Rose of Lima 10165:John Paul II 9995:Anastasius I 9965:Adeodatus II 9939: 9814:Missionaries 9724:Peter Chanel 9709:Óscar Romero 9604:Lorenzo Ruiz 9579:Great Martyr 9430: 9232: 9148:Peter Damian 8957:Peter Claver 8687:canonization 8591:Peter Kreeft 8539:21st century 8530:Henri Nouwen 8440:Jean Guitton 8420:Fulton Sheen 8348:20th century 8249:Jaime Balmes 8207:19th century 8028:Luis de León 7909:Geert Groote 7896: 7713:Peter Damian 7552:John Cassian 7492:Nestorianism 7421: 7414: 7397: 7390: 7373: 7351:Early Church 7141:Charismatics 7124: 7103:Gospel music 7033:Camp meeting 7025:1789–present 6957:Missionaries 6927: 6920: 6911:Menno Simons 6855: 6851:Church music 6702: 6673: 6558:Conciliarism 6543:Papal Schism 6385:Scandinavian 6277:Great Schism 6255:Nestorianism 6227:Christianity 6159:priest holes 6040:Chalcedonian 6003:Christianity 5957:Great Church 5919: 5765:Resurrection 5550:2nd century 5544: 5495: 5465: 5377: 5368: 5348: 5338: 5330: 5312: 5303: 5294: 5274: 5253: 5244: 5232: 5224: 5217: 5201: 5187: 5178: 5170: 5159: 5133: 5123: 5114: 5095: 5082: 5062: 5052: 5027: 5023: 5014: 4994: 4984: 4970: 4956: 4942: 4932: 4912: 4902: 4889: 4865: 4851: 4827: 4816: 4791: 4766: 4762:Durant, Will 4750:. Retrieved 4746: 4733: 4713: 4689: 4679: 4675: 4672:Bruce, F. F. 4652: 4628: 4618: 4614: 4605: 4601: 4590: 4561:. Retrieved 4547: 4535: 4523: 4511: 4499: 4487: 4471: 4460: 4448: 4432: 4421: 4410: 4398: 4386: 4370: 4363:Nielsen 1968 4358: 4342: 4330: 4314: 4299: 4283: 4272: 4261: 4245: 4211: 4199: 4187: 4175:. Retrieved 4171:the original 4160: 4148:. Retrieved 4144: 4135: 4119: 4090:29 September 4088:. Retrieved 4084: 4075: 4063: 4051: 4039: 4023: 4007: 3970: 3942: 3926: 3914: 3902: 3873: 3846: 3834: 3822: 3810: 3794: 3778: 3771:Nielsen 1968 3766: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3718: 3706: 3690: 3678: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3603: 3584: 3578: 3566: 3557: 3548: 3532: 3527:, p. 6. 3520: 3511: 3501: 3492: 3482: 3473: 3463: 3447: 3431: 3415: 3399: 3383: 3363: 3357: 3345:. Retrieved 3341: 3332: 3320:. Retrieved 3310: 3301: 3296: 3250: 3200: 3193:Jurgens 1970 3188: 3179: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3130: 3097: 3080: 3071: 3064:Valentinians 3039: 3021: 3016: 3007: 2995: 2978: 2963: 2931: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2887: 2884: 2859: 2852: 2848: 2837: 2822: 2815: 2689: 2687: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2667: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2623: 2615: 2590: 2573: 2571: 2548: 2536: 2528: 2476: 2467: 2462: 2454: 2447: 2432: 2429: 2403: 2344:Matthew 3:16 2338: 2327: 2316: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2288: 2282: 2263: 2252: 2230: 2223: 2217: 2205: 2201: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2168: 2159: 2153: 2151: 2140: 2134: 2129: 2126: 2114: 2093: 2088:(or, in its 2083: 2081: 2070:kept in the 2052: 2037: 2033:Rhone valley 2024: 2018: 2015: 1985: 1966: 1938: 1931: 1923:Pope Francis 1916: 1893: 1849: 1843: 1833: 1771: 1714: 1713: 1638: 1589:Natural evil 1527:Key concepts 1508: 1293:John Paul II 1218:Benedict XVI 1191:Contemporary 742: 671:Philosophers 592:Cartesianism 535:Quinque Viae 264: 255: 251:Notable work 243: 204:Venerated in 151:Roman Empire 36: 10817:200s deaths 10812:140s births 10631:Joan of Arc 10561:Æthelthryth 10478:Melchizedek 10340:Telesphorus 10330:Sylvester I 10215:Marcellus I 10210:Marcellinus 10130:Gregory VII 10125:Gregory III 10040:Celestine V 10035:Celestine I 10030:Callixtus I 10020:Boniface IV 10010:Benedict II 9985:Alexander I 9960:Adeodatus I 9779:Ulma Family 9769:Thomas More 9619:Martyrology 9594:John Fisher 9243:Evangelists 9123:Bonaventure 8777:Bartholomew 8711:Virgin Mary 8601:Tomáš Halík 8525:Jean Vanier 8510:René Girard 8495:Alfred Delp 8460:Yves Congar 8455:Karl Rahner 8430:Dorothy Day 8415:Edith Stein 8385:Ronald Knox 7983:John Fisher 7978:Thomas More 7955:Reformation 7847:Duns Scotus 7842:Ramon Llull 7835:and reforms 7823:Roger Bacon 7788:Bonaventure 7698:Roscellinus 7487:Pelagianism 7458:Constantine 7281:Key figures 7230:Catholicism 7167:Protestants 7161:Evangelical 6836:39 Articles 6831:Elizabethan 6808:Anglicanism 6788:Westminster 6698:Melanchthon 6661:Lutheranism 6626:Nicodemites 6604:Arminianism 6575:Reformation 6516:Bonaventure 6491:Inquisition 6486:Waldensians 6436:Investiture 6414:Kievan Rus' 6370:Anglo-Saxon 6350:Pelagianism 6342:Middle Ages 6265:Iconodulism 6140:Thomas More 6061:Catholicism 5983:Monasticism 5966:Constantine 5891:Persecution 5849:Adoptionism 5834:Ante-Nicene 5777:Holy Spirit 5760:Crucifixion 5731:Origins and 5632:2nd and 3rd 5278:. Ashgate. 4752:24 November 4747:ntcanon.org 4563:24 November 4216:Romans 6:14 4044:Klager 2007 3827:Harris 1985 3815:Parvis 2012 3759:Farmer 1997 3735:Norris 2004 3644:Ehrman 2005 3632:Pagels 1979 3620:Hartog 2015 3608:Pagels 2005 3274:Wingren n.d 3255:Durant 1972 2867:Second Adam 2844:Romans 5:19 2829:Fall of man 2746:Philippians 2606:crucifixion 2593:incarnation 2423:2 John 1:16 2419:1 John 3:16 2415:1 Peter 4:9 2402:1 Timothy ( 2317:Diatesseron 2312:Diatessaron 2098:Simon Magus 1943:and in the 1108:Malebranche 968:Roscellinus 913:Grosseteste 873:Bonaventure 693:Athenagoras 489:Metaphysics 449:Personalism 444:Natural law 439:Probabilism 228:Anglicanism 224:Lutheranism 90:Predecessor 10907:Roman Lyon 10806:Categories 10365:Zephyrinus 10325:Stephen IV 10310:Sixtus III 10290:Simplicius 10235:Nicholas I 10160:John XXIII 10150:Innocent I 10120:Gregory II 10110:Gelasius I 10015:Boniface I 9975:Agapetus I 9970:Adrian III 9941:Matriarchs 9882:Patriarchs 9501:Zephyrinus 8874:Confessors 8842:Archangels 8734:Assumption 8685:Stages of 8611:Scott Hahn 7988:Johann Eck 7640:Iconoclasm 7572:Pope Leo I 7432:Tertullian 6952:Revivalism 6873:Anabaptism 6821:Henry VIII 6646:Literature 6270:Iconoclasm 6250:Chrysostom 6203:Vatican II 6169:Jansenists 6155:Mass rocks 6091:Lateran IV 6010:Athanasius 5930:Tertullian 5874:Marcionism 5869:Gnosticism 5822:Revelation 5740:Background 5230:Irenaeus, 5223:Irenaeus, 5216:Irenaeus, 4961:New Advent 4948:New Advent 4621:: 323–333. 4540:Litwa 2014 4528:Litwa 2014 4504:Grant 2006 4335:Litwa 2014 4277:Col 2:13–4 4192:Bruce 1965 4126:, p. 4056:Litwa 2014 3975:Carol 1986 3946:Epid. 1.5. 3895:Grant 1965 3671:Davis 2010 3656:Stark 2007 3525:Grant 2006 3289:Brown 1997 3145:References 3066:use John's 3023:demiourgos 2942:Polycrates 2754:Colossians 2701:frequency 2597:corruption 2323: 150 2247:See also: 2233:John Keble 2214:Greek East 2210:millennium 2198:Tertullian 2194:Hippolytus 1977:Asia Minor 1917:The Latin 1906:, and the 1882:successors 1870:scriptures 1858:Valentinus 1854:gnosticism 1834:Chosen as 1783: – c. 1781: 130 1584:Moral evil 1579:Misotheism 1496:Tertullian 1492:Hippolytus 1488:Epiphanius 1472:Influenced 1442:Influences 1288:Hildebrand 1228:Chesterton 1093:La Mennais 1023:Bellarmine 1018:Azpilcueta 963:Paschasius 843:Autrecourt 798:Tertullian 758:Chrysostom 698:Athanasius 580:Victorines 511:Nominalism 419:Just price 115:Ordination 10621:Genevieve 10528:Zephaniah 10335:Symmachus 10320:Stephen I 10305:Sixtus II 10285:Silverius 10280:Sergius I 10240:Paschal I 10230:Miltiades 10140:Hormisdas 10115:Gregory I 10100:Felix III 10085:Evaristus 10080:Eutychian 10065:Eleuterus 10060:Dionysius 10055:Damasus I 10050:Cornelius 10045:Clement I 9990:Anacletus 9734:Philomena 9381:Dionysius 9356:Damasus I 9301:Anatolius 8987:Disciples 8922:Homobonus 8882:Anatolius 8695:Venerable 8515:Hans Küng 8304:Léon Bloy 8294:Modernism 8147:Jansenism 7833:Mysticism 7427:Montanism 7118:Ecumenism 7068:Adventism 7058:Mormonism 6994:Millerism 6989:Methodism 6944:1640–1789 6846:Civil War 6793:Orthodoxy 6748:Huguenots 6730:Calvinism 6715:Eucharist 6710:Orthodoxy 6594:Eucharist 6526:Five Ways 6476:Dulcinian 6429:Pomerania 6355:Gregory I 6199:Vatican I 6189:Modernism 6174:Molinists 6164:Guadalupe 6035:Chalcedon 6030:Ephesus I 6020:Augustine 5896:Apostolic 5879:Montanism 5844:Diversity 5620:Centuries 5556:Zechariah 5066:. Baker. 5044:170888989 4615:Themelios 3571:Most 1991 3512:Le Figaro 3150:Citations 3060:Docetists 3056:Ebionites 2818:Last Adam 2786:2 Timothy 2778:1 Timothy 2738:Ephesians 2730:Galatians 2682:Ephesians 2559:Rom. 5:14 2531:salvation 2412:Titus 3:3 2243:Scripture 2187:On Easter 2139:in 1945, 2064:carbon-14 2060:Huguenots 2000:Montanism 1955:Biography 1886:canonical 1874:tradition 1866:orthodoxy 1793:Christian 1772:Eirēnaîos 1765:translit. 1759:Εἰρηναῖος 1669:Swinburne 1659:Plantinga 1654:Nietzsche 1564:Free will 1554:Dystheism 1480:Augustine 1308:MacIntyre 1268:Gutiérrez 1238:Copleston 1208:Balthasar 1063:Descartes 923:Hildegard 908:Gregory I 883:Catherine 833:Alexander 783:Dionysius 703:Augustine 656:Salamanca 530:Haecceity 434:Casuistry 190:Feast day 185:Sainthood 104:Zechariah 100:Successor 10705:See also 10606:Euphemia 10443:Jeremiah 10423:Habakkuk 10380:Prophets 10355:Vitalian 10350:Victor I 10300:Sixtus I 10295:Siricius 10225:Martin I 10205:Lucius I 10170:Julius I 10135:Hilarius 10105:Felix IV 10075:Eusebius 10070:Eugene I 10000:Anicetus 9872:Remigius 9827:Boniface 9233:Irenaeus 9015:Silvanus 8962:Salonius 8807:Matthias 8772:Barnabas 8759:Apostles 8047:Molinism 7625:Ecthesis 7577:Boethius 7482:Arianism 7472:Eusebius 7422:Irenaeus 7386:Polycarp 7300:Timeline 7210:Theology 7198:Missions 7193:Timeline 7165:Mainline 7113:Pacifism 6962:Baptists 6881:Theology 6841:Puritans 6816:Timeline 6758:Scotland 6686:Theology 6533:Wycliffe 6481:Crusades 6456:Bogomils 6409:Bulgaria 6365:Germanic 6317:Ethiopia 6215:Timeline 5993:Nicaea I 5988:Councils 5920:Irenaeus 5915:Ignatius 5910:Polycarp 5864:Donatism 5859:Docetism 5854:Arianism 5755:Ministry 5539:Pothinus 5445:LibriVox 5313:Irenaeus 5237:Archived 4901:(1985), 4863:(2006). 4849:(1965). 4812:Eusebius 4788:(2005). 4764:(1972). 4650:(1997). 4608:: 43–63. 4426:Gen 3:17 4415:Phil 2:8 4177:21 March 4167:"Judaea" 4150:21 March 3907:Hoh 1919 3658:, Ch. 6. 3347:27 March 3119:Polycarp 2960:POxy 405 2949:See also 2891:Sophia's 2850:a tree. 2802:Philemon 2601:immortal 2507:Polycarp 2495:Demiurge 2493:and the 2479:theology 2373:Romans 3 2239:series. 2164:Armenian 2078:Writings 2068:heelbone 1969:Polycarp 1878:apostles 1829:Apostles 1821:Polycarp 1787:) was a 1715:Irenaeus 1624:Epicurus 1518:Theodicy 1509:a series 1506:Part of 1462:Polycarp 1450:Ignatius 1436:Irenaeus 1323:Maritain 1298:Lonergan 1278:Guardini 1203:Anscombe 1178:Caramuel 1088:Krasicki 1083:Kołłątaj 1038:Brentano 898:Eriugena 863:Berengar 811:Medieval 763:Climacus 743:Irenaeus 713:Boethius 708:Benedict 651:Analytic 619:Occamism 609:Molinism 587:Llullism 516:Quiddity 424:Just war 352:a series 350:Part of 305:Theodicy 281:Language 174:Lugdunum 120:Polycarp 118:by 94:Pothinus 10666:Rosalia 10591:Cecilia 10538:Virgins 10498:Obadiah 10473:Malachi 10418:Ezekiel 10370:Zosimus 10360:Zachary 10345:Urban I 10275:Pontian 10250:Paul VI 10185:Leo III 10145:Hyginus 10095:Felix I 10005:Anterus 9935:Solomon 9900:Abraham 9744:Stephen 9511:Martyrs 9278:Fathers 9251:Matthew 9058:Ambrose 9025:Timothy 9020:Stephen 8995:Apollos 8902:Dominic 8864:Raphael 8857: 8855:Michael 8850:Gabriel 8802:Matthew 8699:Blessed 7968:Erasmus 7818:Thomism 7557:Orosius 7532:Ambrose 7447:Cyprian 7375:Didache 7329:Vulgate 7288:General 7203:Martyrs 6999:Pietism 6929:Ausbund 6901:Müntzer 6826:Cranmer 6773:Baptism 6738:Zwingli 6589:Erasmus 6538:Avignon 6521:Aquinas 6511:Francis 6506:Dominic 6466:Cathars 6461:Bosnian 6451:Bernard 6446:Abelard 6419:Moravia 6404:Bohemia 6390:Iceland 6312:Serbian 6292:Georgia 6287:Armenia 6225:Eastern 6126:Jesuits 5802:Gospels 5750:Baptism 5517:YouTube 5434:at the 4576:Sources 3322:8 March 2936:. 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