Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)

2673:

traditionalism and now controlled Sinn Féin such as Paddy McLogan, and a faction of younger, left-wing IRA members such as Ruairí Ó Brádaigh and Cathal Goulding who now controlled the IRA Army Council following post-Border campaign elections. The Curragh faction wanted to publicly declare that Sinn Féin had no part in calling off the Border campaign. They were told in stark terms they were to do no such thing, as, besides the fact this would undermine the IRA's decision to end the campaign, Sinn Féin would never have had any influence in the decision regardless, as only the IRA Army Council had the authority to begin or end campaigns. Furthermore, it was made clear by the IRA that, as far as they were concerned, Sinn Féin answered to the IRA, and not the other way around. This hardline stance by the IRA alienated the Curragh faction and many of them, including McLogan and Tony Magan, resigned from Sinn Féin in protest. In their wake,

840:(although there were some communists in the IRA at this time, such as Peadar O'Donnell); he saw the arrangement as purely utilitarian and regarded the Soviets as "shifty" and "out to exploit us." Some republicans argued that they had lost the Civil War because they had not appealed to the social unrest in the country and had lacked any social or economic programme, which allowed communists to gain influence. Nevertheless, the IRA passed specifications of British "submarine detection sonar and aeroplane engines for bombers, military journals and manuals, and gas masks" to the Soviets and the IRA's man in the U.S., "Mr. Jones", passed "reports of the army's chemical weapons service, state-of-the-art gas masks, machine-gun and aeroplane engine specifications, and reports from the navy, air service and army" to Red Army intelligence. 1374:(German military intelligence), parachuted into Ireland and was almost immediately arrested. On 28 February 1942 he escaped. The IRA intended to send him back to Germany with a request for weapons, ammunition, explosives, radio equipment and money. The IRA Army Executive met on 20 April and sanctioned the request. They also approved a plan to "give military information to powers at war with England even before any definite contacts established with these powers", provided the information did not endanger civilians. The plan was quickly discovered when an IRA courier was arrested on the Dublin-Belfast train with documentation of the decisions taken, and details of the Nazi contact. This led to the arrest of Schuetz, on 30 April, only hours before he was due to set sail. The boat was seized and the crew arrested. 1450:, Willie McGuinness, Bertie McCormack and a few others. They did not know who else would help, nor who had been in the Army. The problems were evident but no one had ready answers. The loss of all the GHQ staff and their records had left Dublin as isolated from the country as the country was from Dublin. Even though there was a lack of information and manpower, the obvious first step was to get some sort of unit going in Dublin. The next step was to resurrect the Army Executive and through it, the legitimate structure of the IRA. One of the first acts of the reformed IRA was, on 10 March 1945, to call a "ceasefire" with the United Kingdom. It was a declaration met with indifference at best and bemusement at worst by most of the world, who at this point considered the IRA a dead organisation. 2561:. The "three Macs" believed that a political organisation was necessary to help rebuild the IRA. IRA members were instructed to join Sinn Féin en masse, and despite the IRA's small numbers following WW2, they were successfully able to fully take over the organisation. This coup d'état of Sinn Féin was made possible due to the weak state of Sinn Féin itself; the party had become a shell of its former self in the decades following Éamon de Valera taking the bulk of the membership with him when he split to form Fianna Fáil in 1926. Paddy McLogan was named Sinn Féin president in 1950, with fellow IRA member 2537:

the legitimacy of Dáil Eireann, and indeed, the IRA banned its members from joining the Clann on the basis that they were not going to be an abstentionist party. Nonetheless, they watched with curiosity as to how this party would fare. At first hopes for Clann na Poblachta were high, with some believing it would challenge Fianna Fáil in the Dáil. However shrewd electioneering by De Valera meant that the Clann did not become the great power they had hoped to be. They did, however, manage to enter government in 1948 as part of the coalition which made up the

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potential. The casualties of the anti-Treaty IRA in the Civil War have never been accurately counted, but are thought to have been considerably more than the 800 or so deaths suffered by the Free State Army, perhaps two or three times as numerous. Significantly however, the war had not been brought to an end by any kind of agreement between the two sides. The IRA of the post-Civil War era would never accept the Free State as a legitimate Irish government and would continue to oppose its existence.

216: 2489: 2477: 1485: 1214:, which, among its objectives, called for the "destruction of the Masonic Order in Ireland" and the "reversal of the cultural conquest of our country by England", not excluding "the employment of compulsion" to that end. Many far-right figures joined the party, including Ó Cuinneagáin, who lead the party's youth wing, Aicéin, until its independence was terminated in 1942, while Córas na Poblachta took on a strongly anti-Semitic and pro-German character. 610:. At the beginning of the Civil War, the Free State had about 8,000 fighters, mostly pro-Treaty IRA volunteers. The anti-Treaty side could muster about 15,000 men but it could not arm them all. At the start of the war, they had just under 7,000 rifles, a few machine guns and a handful of armoured cars taken from British garrisons (who were under orders not to fire on IRA units) as they evacuated the country. The remainder of anti-Treaty IRA arms were 693: 534: 241: 228: 185: 27: 931: 1066: 982:, but saluted the IRA one. By 1935 this relationship had turned to enmity on both sides. The IRA accused Fianna Fáil of "selling out" by not declaring a republic and by tolerating the continued partition of Ireland. De Valera banned the IRA in 1936, after they murdered a landlord's agent, Richard More O'Farrell, in a land dispute and fired shots at police during a strike of 1312:, at an emergency session of the Dáil, introduced the Emergency Powers Bill to reinstate internment, Military Tribunal, and executions for IRA members. It was rushed through and given its third reading the next day creating the Emergency Powers Act. It was later used to execute at least six IRA volunteers in Ireland between 1940 and 1944. 1459: 2645:, curtailed IRA operations and ultimately broke morale. Eighteen people in total were killed during the campaign, of whom seven were members of the RUC and eight were members of the IRA itself. The campaign was on the whole a failure. It petered out in the late 1950s and was officially ended in February 1962. 2618:, as it became known, involved various military columns carrying out a range of military operations, from direct attacks on security installations to disruptive actions against infrastructure. The campaign received, initially, significant support from the south. Support increased massively after the deaths of 1331:

In July 1940 the IRA issued an open letter stating that if "German forces should land in Ireland, they will land...as friends and liberators of the Irish people". Readers were informed that Germany desired neither "territory nor...economic penetration" in Ireland but simply wanted Ireland to play its

1104:

of Clan na Gael, who pledged monetary support to Russell's cause, while in Ireland, his supporters Peadar O'Flaherty and Tom McGill travelled the country, sounding out support for Russell, and had the IRA's commanding officer in England replaced by Jimmy Joe Reynolds, who favoured a bombing campaign.

1056:

was assassinated in his West Cork home by IRA gunmen for recruiting many local Irishmen, including IRA members and even a captain in the Drimoleague IRA company, into the British military which combined with other members immigrating to the UK for work had a notable effect on IRA manpower. The Gardaí

973:

organisation set up by Eoin O'Duffy, originally composed of Civil war veterans of the Free State Army. The IRA and the Blueshirts both attacked political meetings and also fought street brawls against each other. While most of the fighting was conducted with fists or boots, at least one Blueshirt and

857:

The IRA considered itself to be upholding the Republic that was declared in the 1916 Proclamation and held that the government of the Irish Free State was illegitimate. It maintained that it remained the army of that Republic, in direct continuity with the IRA of the War of Independence period. There

637:

In July 1922, the anti-Treaty IRA units held most of the south and west of Ireland. However, the Republicans, under a new chief of staff, Liam Lynch, soon lost most of the territory they initially controlled. While the anti-Treaty side had a numerical advantage at the very start of the war, they were

545:

issued directives to newspapers that its Army was to be called "The National Army", and that its opponents were to be called "Irregulars" and were not to be associated with the IRA of 1919–1921. This attitude hardened as the Civil War went on, and especially after the killing of Michael Collins in an

725:

landed class—a policy motivated by both class antagonism and nationalist resentment against a class traditionally seen as "pro-British". The Free State Government, for its part, officially executed 77 anti-Treaty prisoners. Government forces also carried out a number of atrocities against prisoners.

688:

Despite the limitations of the anti-Treaty IRA's campaign, they still inflicted more fatalities on Free State troops (about 800) in the eleven-month civil war than they had on British Crown forces, who lost about 600 killed in the almost three-year-long War of Independence (1919–1921). The disparity

2536:

was formed in Ireland by former Chief of Staff Sean MacBride. Several of the leading members were also former left-wing IRA members and the party itself espoused itself as Republican. However, many of the militarists left within the IRA were not eager to support any political party which recognised

789:

to the position of chief of staff. Twomey would go on to hold the position for almost a decade and became the longest-lasting Chief of Staff of this iteration of the IRA. Under his reign, he cautiously opened the IRA up to left-wing influences in order to contrast it against the emerging right-wing

757:

In 1924 the IRA counted 14,500 members in total, including young men aged from 19 upwards, but with just over 5,000 weapons in its dumps. By 1926 the number of members had shrunk to 5,042. By 1930 the IRA possessed fewer than 2,000 members and only 859 rifles, indicating the decline in its military

749:

By this time, thousands of republicans were already prisoners of the Free State government led by W. T. Cosgrave; many more were arrested after they dumped arms and returned to civilian life. By late 1923, over 12,000 anti-Treaty IRA men were interned. The prisoners were released over the following

743:

Further sacrifice of life would now be vain and continuance of the struggle in arms unwise in the national interest and prejudicial to the future of our cause. Military victory must be allowed to rest for the moment with those who have destroyed the Republic. Other means must be sought to safeguard

708:

The conduct of the Civil War resulted in long-lasting bitterness on both sides. In September special emergency legislation came into effect under which military tribunals were empowered to pass death sentences. The head of the anti-Treaty forces, Liam Lynch, responded with an announcement that Free

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When the next army convention was called, MacBride was ousted and Tom Barry elected Chief of Staff. Barry began preparations for a large-scale invasion of Northern Ireland, establishing camps where hundreds of IRA men were trained, creating detailed maps containing the locations of army and police

897:

In the years after the Civil War, many republicans viewed the Free State, with its censorship of newspapers and extensive coercive legislation, as a sham democracy, in the service of British imperialism. The IRA remained prepared to take over the country by insurrection, after which it expected to

1108:

Growing frustration by younger members of the IRA at the organisation's inactivity under Fitzpatrick's leadership led to Seán Russell's election as Chief of Staff at a General Army Convention of the IRA in April 1938, in spite of Barry's protests against the idea of a bombing campaign and Russell

2544:

The failure of Clann na Poblachta reinforced the IRA's doubts about the ability of left-wing political parties to wrestle power out of the hands of Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael and helped spur the IRA towards traditionalism in the 1950s. However, their initial success did help convince the IRA they

1127:

who remained Republicans. 7 of these former TDs transferred what authority they believed they had as representatives of the second Dáil to the IRA army council, thus, in their minds, rendering it the legitimate governing body of Ireland. The IRA felt this move gave them the authority to formally

605:

The IRA had been expanded hugely in 1922, from perhaps 15,000 men before the truce with the British in July 1921, to over 72,000 by November 1922. Veterans of the War of Independence derisively termed the new recruits "truceileers". These were to divide in broadly the same ratio as the veterans;

733:

By 1923, the defeat of the anti-Treaty IRA seemed assured. It controlled no territory and its guerrilla campaign had little public support. The civil war petered out in mid-1923 after the death in action of IRA chief-of-staff Liam Lynch. Shortly afterward, on 24 May 1923, the anti-Treaty forces

3175:

To legitimise the Russell leadership, the seven remaining members of the second dáil handed over 'governmental power' to the IRA army council in December 1938. On 12 January 1939 the IRA delivered an ultimatum to the British government to leave Ireland or face war. Later that month the bombing

1009:

had quickly collapsed due to the combination of fierce reaction from the Catholic Church, deeply hostile to anything that appeared communist, and repressive legislation immediately introduced by the government. Left-wing IRA members, including Peadar O'Donnell, Frank Ryan and George Gilmore,

550:

on 25 July 1922 that those on the anti-Treaty side were "misguided, but practically all of them are sincere". However, the subsequent government attitude under Cosgrave was that the anti-Treaty side were rebels against the lawful government, and were not entitled to recognition as legitimate

2672:

Following the failure of the border campaign, the IRA and its allies undertook a serious review of themselves. By 1962 there were two factions in the Republican movement; the "Curragh" faction consisting of older IRA men who had served prison sentences together in the Curragh who favoured

977:

Initially, de Valera's Fianna Fáil government was friendly towards the IRA, legalising the organisation and freeing all their prisoners who had been interned by Cumann na nGaedhael. This afforded the IRA a quasi-legal status that meant Gardaí were unwilling to act against them for fear of

1409:

It has been rumoured that during the war period IRA members may have attempted to provide intelligence to assist the German aerial bombing of industrial targets in Northern Ireland. However, information recovered from Germany after the war showed that the planning of raids such as the

519: 3233:

By the mid-1930s much of the anti-Treaty IRA left-wing element had abandoned it and the paramilitary leadership now gravitated towards a more conservative position. This first saw communists banned from the movement before the group formed an effective alliance with Nazi Germany in

767: 1421:

The IRA was severely damaged by the measures taken against it by the governments on both sides of the border during the Second World War. IRA members were interned both north and south of the border, and a number of IRA men, including the chief of staff between 1942 and 1944,

463:, and declared their own Army Executive to be the real government of the country until the Republic was formally established. The reasons why volunteers chose pro- and anti-Treaty positions are complex. One factor was an evaluation of the military situation. Whereas Collins, 1401:

commemoration, developed into a street gun battle. A police constable, father of four Thomas James Forbes, was killed, in consequence of which six of the eight members of the active unit were sentenced to death. In the event all but one were reprieved. On 2 September 1942

1207:. A year later, IRA officers approached O'Duffy and asked him to join the organisation. While O'Duffy did not take up the offer, he was later invited to join Moss Twomey and Andrew Cooney in protesting the basing of American troops in Northern Ireland. 1014:. This, in turn, was ultimately a failure, partly because conservative elements in the IRA leadership opposed it and forced its supporters to leave the organisation. The Congress itself also split and collapsed after its first general meeting in 1935. 866:, still proclaiming themselves the only legitimate Irish parliament. For most of this period, the IRA's relations with Sinn Féin were poor (IRA members were even forbidden to join the party), despite the reconciliation attempt represented by the 1929 873:

The IRA intervened in a number of strikes during this period, and IRA members campaigned against the payment of land annuities (in respect of the buying-out of landlords by the former British administration), with Peadar O'Donnell establishing the

638:

soon both outnumbered and outgunned. The Free State's National Army was quickly expanded to over 38,000 by the end of 1922 and to 55,000 men and 3,000 officers by the end of the war; one of its sources of recruits was Irish ex-servicemen from the

1199:

and visited Germany three times ‘to discuss potential agents, the supply of arms in the event of war, radio sets and courier communication.' In 1942 he wrote an article arguing that Ireland's future lay in an alliance with a victorious Germany.

1112:

Russell's tenure as Chief of Staff would signal both a tactical and ideological departure from the Twomey, MacBride and Barry period. Russell eschewed the left-wing tendencies of the 1920s and 30s IRA and pushed for a more "militarist" approach.

650:: a unit composed of former IRA men, mostly from the Dublin Brigade's active service unit who were to the forefront in the Free State's offensive of July–August 1922. They sided with the Free State primarily out of personal loyalty to Collins. 2681:

The move to a class-based political outlook and the consequent rejection of any stance that could be seen as sectarian—including the use of IRA arms to defend one side, that side being the beleaguered Catholic communities of Belfast in the

2709:

that claimed 1,707 lives. In 1997 it announced a ceasefire which effectively marked the end of its campaign. In 2005 it formally announced the end of its campaign and destroyed much of its weaponry under international supervision. Today,

1122:

One of the first major moves by Russell was to shore up the political credibility of the IRA. As Chief of Staff, he was able to secure a powerful symbolic gesture from the "rump" of the second Dáil, that is to say, elected members of the

1089:. However, the plan was cancelled just days before it was scheduled to be executed as a result of revelations that the plans had been leaked, becoming common knowledge in Dublin, and that the Belfast Brigade had been infiltrated by the 617:

Public support for the Treaty settlement and the new Irish Free State was reflected in the victory of the pro-Treaty side in general elections in 1922 and 1923. Anti-Treaty forces controversially seized a number of public buildings in

2541:. Unfortunately for the Clann, that government's run proved to be somewhat disastrous and permanently dented their support. In each subsequent election, the Clann received less and less support until it dissolved as a party in 1965. 2677:

proposed Ruairí Ó Brádaigh as the new leader of Sinn Féin and this was accepted. In September 1962 Cathal Goulding succeed Ó Brádaigh as IRA Chief of Staff, leaving the new guard now in control of both Sinn Féin and the IRA.

1442:, the IRA still existed but its numbers had been severely depleted. Some IRA units remained in the Irish countryside; however, they were cut off from any sort of command structure and bitterly demoralised. Out of touch with 1339:

By 1941, the IRA numbered fewer than 1,000 members, many of whom were imprisoned. Most of its able political organisers had left in the mid- to late-1930s and its "natural constituency" had been appropriated by Fianna Fáil.

1033:. The IRA did not show any support for the Spanish Republic and subsequently banned members for joining the Connolly Column. Frank Ryan was perhaps the most prominent Irish participant. (At the same time, IRA opponent and 1140:

The IRA that emerged from the debacle of the Republican Congress would be inspired primarily by a conservative, strictly nationalist political outlook and was increasingly influenced by radical right-wing ideas based on

986:

workers, on top of their bank robberies. However, most of the IRA's republican constituency were reconciled to the Free State by de Valera's government, which introduced a republican constitution in 1937, abolishing the

559:, formed an association called the "Old IRA" to distinguish themselves from the anti-Treaty fighters. Some pro-Treaty IRA officers, such as Eoin O'Duffy, alleged that the "Irregulars" had not fought the British in the 676:

and other towns from the Free State on several occasions. The IRA's relative popularity in this area had much to do with the brutality of the occupying Free State troops. Other areas of guerrilla activity included

1077:, who prepared a bombing campaign in England in spite of MacBride's disapproval. MacBride had Russell court-martialed for misappropriating IRA funds, resulting in the latter's demotion within the organisation. 2819: 858:

were several competing organisations on the radical republican side of Irish politics during this period. In addition to the IRA, these included the hard-line elements of anti-Treaty Sinn Féin, such as

1002:, a left-wing IRA leader who was opposed to the Catholic nationalism of many IRA members, said disparagingly that "we don't have an IRA battalion in Belfast, we have a battalion of armed Catholics". 8525: 2634:

held in 1957, Sinn Féin fielded 19 candidates and won four seats, and almost won a couple more in tightly contested elections. One of the four new Sinn Féin TDs would be future IRA Chief of Staff

594:. The Northern IRA launched a renewed military offensive in May 1922, in which it was aided covertly by both the National Army and the anti-Treaty IRA. This was interrupted by the outbreak of the 3934: 958:

not to respect the result and prepared for another civil war. To their surprise, Cosgrave's party peacefully gave up power and instructed the police and armed forces to obey the new government.

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in 1927 in revenge for his perceived responsibility for executions in the Civil War. A total of four Gardaí were killed by the IRA in the period 1926–1936. In 1932 Gardaí shot two IRA leaders,

854:

Also in 1926, the IRA launched a campaign in Dublin to rid the city of moneylenders. It employed largely anti-Semitic rhetoric, with a large number of the known moneylenders raided being Jews.

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part in the "reconstruction" of a "free and progressive Europe". The Third Reich was also praised as the "energising force" of European politics and the "guardian" of national freedom. When

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one IRA man were shot dead in these clashes. IRA leaders saw in these events the beginnings of a republican revolution and the overthrow of the Free State. They were to be disappointed.

1446:, and with other units, IRA members became fewer and fewer. In 1945, one of the first attempts was made to create a centre in Dublin. The meeting consisted of Sean Ashe, Micksy Conway, 664:

with Dublin. They also burned many public buildings and "commandeered" supplies by force, alienating many civilians. Furthermore, without the public support that had existed during the

1351:

travelled to Germany in 1940 to canvass for arms. He became ill and died on board a German U-boat which was bringing him back to Ireland in August that year along with Frank Ryan (see

668:

and facing an enemy who knew them and the countryside intimately, the anti-Treaty forces found that they could not sustain a guerrilla war such as that fought against Britain. Only in

626:. Eventually, after two months and under British pressure, Michael Collins decided to remove them by force. Pro-Treaty forces bombarded the building, which surrendered after two days. 8530: 4728: 1073:

Seán MacBride was disliked by many members of the IRA who were distrustful of his inclination for politics, and he soon came in to open conflict with the IRA's Quartermaster-General,

894:. IRA members also helped establish the "Friends of Soviet Russia", from which they later expelled Communist Party members when relations between the two organisations deteriorated. 5965: 2789: 2992: 730:

in reprisal for the killing of Free State soldiers. Ironically, the men accused of these war crimes were mostly from the Dublin Guard, themselves IRA veterans from 1919 to 1921.

455:

Anti-Treaty officers called an army convention in March 1922, attended by their supporters, which reaffirmed their opposition to the Treaty. They repudiated the authority of the

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up to 1972, when they called a ceasefire. However, some members engaged in some armed activities until 1979 when a decision was made to re-orient the group towards fundraising.

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to give military information to powers at war with England, which would not endanger civilian lives, even before any definite contacts have been established with these powers.

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Former Chief of Staff Sean MacBride formed a new political party in 1947 called Clann na Poblachta. Many of the members were also former IRA members who held left wing views

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denounced Britain and the United States as being "centres of Freemasonry, international financial control and Jewry". In 1939 O'Donovan became increasingly enamoured of

1426:, were executed by the Irish government for criminal offences committed during the war. Kerins had been tried and found guilty of the murder of a local police officer ( 995:. By the late 1930s at the latest, most Irish people disagreed with the residual Irish Republican Army's claims that it remained the legitimate 'army of the Republic'. 8158: 961:

In the first two years of Fianna Fáil government, the IRA's membership grew from a low of 1,800 to over 10,000. This can be put down to the radicalising impact of the

848: 660:

The anti-Treaty guerrilla campaign was spasmodic and ineffective. Much of it was composed of the destruction of infrastructure such as the main railway bridge linking

1377:

In Belfast, much to the alarm of the Northern Ireland authorities, the city's brigade had developed a "Protestant squad", an intelligence unit, largely recruited by

479:

felt that the IRA's position was stronger than it had ever been. Another factor was the role of powerful personalities; where the leader of an IRA unit—for example

2690:

wing of the republican movement, with the latter subscribing to a traditional Catholic/nationalist analysis of the situation while the Officials subscribed to the

428:

resigned. Sinn Féin split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty factions, and the Army did likewise. The majority of headquarters staff, many of whom were close to

2811: 2229: 44: 1336:

retorted that the Nazis were anti-Catholic, the IRA responded that Hitler's and Mussolini's support of Franco in Spain proved their pro-Catholic credentials.

1233:

wrote an appeal pleading with the IRA to dump arms until the war in Europe was over and denounced them for flirting with fascism by seeking aid from Germany.

365:

signed on 6 December 1921 ended this war by granting most of the island a great degree of independence, but with six counties in the north staying within the

875: 1389:'s Ulster Union Club. But while Graham, who opposed cooperation with the Germans, and others in the Belfast command continued to debate the merits of a new 843:

In 1926, after failing to persuade Sinn Féin to participate in the political institutions of the Free State, de Valera formed a new political party, called

726:

This was particularly pronounced in Kerry, where the fighting was most bitter. On at least three occasions in March 1923, IRA prisoners were massacred with

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In 1947 the IRA held its first Army Convention since World War II and a new leadership was elected, primarily consisting of the "three Macs", Tony Magan,

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The Irish Republic: a documented chronicle of the Anglo-Irish conflict and the partitioning of Ireland, with a detailed account of the period 1916-1923

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or "S-Plan" began a few days later. Under it, IRA operatives based in Britain attacked infrastructure, with a view to weakening the UK's war effort.

721:

was killed and the property of parliamentarians burnt. In addition IRA men around the country burned many of the stately homes of the old Protestant

653:

The anti-Treaty IRA was not equipped or trained to fight conventional warfare. Despite some determined resistance to the Free State advance south of

3251: 63: 8535: 8122: 6294: 4412: 1359:, the acting Chief of Staff, prepared an invasion plan for Northern Ireland and sent it to German Intelligence in 1940; this plan was later called 411: 8163: 6057: 1607: 992: 3971: 8515: 8464: 5072: 4452: 3093: 642:. Additionally, the British met its requests for arms, ammunition, armoured cars, artillery and aeroplanes. By August 1922, the Free State had 70: 5218: 2519: 2843:

is the legal name of the Irish Defence Force - Section 3, Defence Forces (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923. also Section 16, Defence Act 1954.

998:

In Northern Ireland, the IRA's main role was to try to defend the Catholic community during outbreaks of sectarian rioting. For this reason

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himself being forbidden to attend the convention. Barry and many leading members of the IRA opposed to the campaign subsequently resigned.

965:

on the population, to which the IRA's new social radicalism (see next section) appealed. Another important factor was the formation of the

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frustrated with the failure of the IRA to achieve either "The Republic" or socialist revolution, left in 1934 to set up a new party, the

567:

IRA's sole contribution in 1919–21 was "the shooting of an unfortunate soldier on the day of the truce". In Kerry's case (which saw more

416:

The signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty by the Irish delegation in London caused an angry reaction among the less compromising elements in

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In January 1939, as the United Kingdom prepared for a possible war with Germany, the IRA Army Council declared war on the UK. The IRA

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The IRA began to reconcile with their erstwhile opponent Eoin O'Duffy, who met in the summer of 1939 with several IRA figures and

8545: 6314: 6007: 4544: 3935:"Irish Left Review - The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers Party by Brian Hanley & Scott Millar" 3694: 1637: 1048:

The IRA was banned once again in 1935, as were the Blueshirts. Moss Twomey was imprisoned and was succeeded as chief of staff by

276: 3215: 2866: 1169:, and Gearóid Ó Broin, a member of the IRA Army Council, became members of Ailtirí na hAiséirghe, and the IRA Adjutant-General, 5228: 4524: 4384: 1034: 785:

The period immediately following the Irish Civil War saw the IRA swing towards the political left, manifest in the election of

2665:. In parallel, the position of Chief of Staff became dominated by three left-wing members: Sean Cronin, Ruairí Ó Brádaigh and 1328:

did not deny their mission in England and IRA membership but maintains that they were not involved with the Coventry bombing.

8363: 7562: 7552: 6349: 6324: 5804: 5095: 4426: 4389: 3614: 2683: 2342: 2097: 1324:), resulting in the deaths of several uninvolved English civilians, were executed on 7 February 1940. Republican publication 513: 331: 5531: 8426: 7413: 7220: 6490: 6112: 5945: 5476: 3992: 3833: 3803: 2573:

Under the new IRA leadership, Sinn Féin began to advocate a corporatist social policy inspired by the Papal Encyclicals of

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maintained its links with Michael Collins; the only Northern IRA leader to join the anti-Treaty side was Belfast commander

6980: 8550: 8452: 6598: 6460: 6451: 6393: 6052: 5997: 5950: 1725: 1662: 814: 299: 4919: 4656: 602:

or worse at the hands of the Northern authorities. Over 500 of them ended up in the National Army during the civil war.

7964: 6945: 6930: 6910: 5626: 5431: 5144: 4924: 4819: 4317: 4298: 4159: 4140: 3767: 3704: 3429: 2727: 2702: 2593:, the Dublin-based Trade Unionist, described the leadership of the IRA as "petty-bourgeois and fringed with fascists". 1317: 571:(RIC) men killed than anywhere else outside Dublin and Tipperary), this was far from true; however, some areas such as 8441: 3487: 8411: 7798: 7731: 7195: 7170: 6880: 6770: 6242: 6082: 5829: 5745: 5621: 5546: 5134: 5048: 4262: 4178: 4094: 3919: 3896: 3790: 3737: 3672: 3640: 3560: 3526: 3149: 3124: 3062: 2934: 2687: 2512: 2420: 2133: 1876: 1038: 308: 110: 84: 1406:, nineteen, was hanged, becoming the first and only Irish Republican to be judicially executed in the North. 1225:

that openly questioned if the IRA had become a pro-fascist group. Similarly, in September 1939 upon the outbreak of

1221:, which had been close to the IRA in the 1930s, published an article in its official newspaper for Northern Ireland 8469: 8436: 8189: 8147: 7808: 7449: 7205: 7190: 7180: 7155: 7025: 6780: 6668: 6384: 5864: 5511: 5186: 5011: 4640: 4592: 4402: 2458: 2450: 2030: 2015: 1941: 1838: 1509: 1356: 1285:

Following the German invasion of Poland, the Irish government declared its neutrality on 2 September, along with a

1053: 830: 689:

is no doubt due to the Free State troops' relative paucity of training and equipment compared with British forces.

487:—took sides, often the remainder of his command joined him. The same was also true for anti-Treaty leaders such as 388:, as did the organisation in Northern Ireland, which originally supported the pro-Treaty side (if not the Treaty). 3757: 1320:, who had been arrested in England shortly following an IRA bomb that exploded in Coventry on 25 August 1939 (see 805:, in the hopes of gaining Soviet finance and weaponry. A secret pact was agreed, whereby the IRA would spy on the 7959: 7924: 7300: 7045: 6970: 6875: 6865: 6815: 6697: 6613: 6603: 6122: 5935: 5677: 5672: 5561: 4672: 4422: 4361: 2695: 2337: 2327: 2199: 2143: 1974: 1403: 1313: 4994: 2892: 1916: 738:, their chief-of-staff, to "dump arms". Éamon de Valera supported this in his speech "Legion of the Rearguard": 8421: 8416: 8258: 8184: 8079: 7989: 7740: 7295: 7290: 7270: 7095: 6920: 6860: 6745: 6535: 6465: 6354: 6344: 6197: 6077: 5884: 5874: 5736: 5426: 5173: 5053: 4696: 4243: 4224: 4197: 4113: 4075: 4043: 4023: 2558: 2194: 2128: 2052: 1946: 1378: 429: 312: 48: 2589:, but rejected fascism as they considered a fascist state to be too secular and centralized. Writing in 1955, 2538: 862:, who had not followed de Valera into constitutional politics, and the rump of the anti-Treaty members of the 8117: 8059: 7909: 7673: 7275: 7050: 6990: 6588: 6485: 6433: 6192: 5940: 4904: 4849: 4562: 3399: 1695: 1292:

On 23 December 1939, IRA members stole almost the entire reserve ammunition store of the Irish Army from the

1187:

driving the Jews out of Europe, and accusations towards the Irish government of being dominated by "Jews and

891: 825:

in return for £500 a month. The pact was originally approved by Frank Aiken, who left soon after to co-found

522: 421: 1174: 1057:

described the assassination as "a well and coolly thought-out outrage, well-planned and daringly executed".

8306: 8049: 7820: 6736: 6510: 6334: 6087: 5652: 5596: 5536: 4909: 4616: 2505: 2440: 2430: 2332: 2249: 2113: 1843: 988: 8406: 2698:

had noticed the tensions in March 1969 and advised the Dublin government to use them to fragment the IRA.

2153: 991:

to the British monarchy and introducing an elected president as head of state. The document also included

8094: 7841: 7744: 7582: 7567: 7418: 7010: 6717: 6643: 6573: 6540: 6137: 6012: 5351: 4973: 4442: 2631: 2607:

Beginning in the 1950s the IRA started planning for a renewed armed campaign, and in 1956 recent recruit

2244: 2077: 1931: 1750: 1627: 1529: 1117: 935: 579:

did see considerably more action in the Civil War than in the War of Independence. Other IRA men such as

2653:

In the 1960s the IRA once more came under the influence of left-wing thinkers, especially those such as

424:

ratified the Treaty by 64 votes to 57 after a lengthy and acrimonious debate, following which President

8459: 8401: 8296: 8220: 8084: 7642: 7454: 6568: 6428: 6398: 6271: 6152: 6142: 2322: 2302: 2166: 2138: 2118: 2087: 1959: 1612: 1218: 1154: 879: 643: 6702: 1926: 1005:

This burst of what has sometimes been termed "social republicanism" expired in the mid-1930s. In 1931

377:) split between supporters and opponents of the Treaty. The anti-Treatyites, sometimes referred to by 8489: 8479: 8356: 8194: 7650: 7637: 7587: 6707: 6525: 6500: 6304: 6251: 6167: 6162: 5982: 5461: 5163: 4809: 3968: 2719: 2375: 2040: 2035: 1617: 1394: 1090: 560: 471:

felt that the IRA could not continue to fight the British successfully, anti-Treaty officers such as

358: 7215: 7020: 7005: 4889: 4854: 4758: 4437: 3085: 2635: 1760: 1730: 1100:

Seán Russell left Ireland for the United States without permission from the IRA leadership, meeting

8153: 7899: 7688: 7683: 7557: 6785: 6658: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6413: 6359: 6339: 6309: 6102: 6067: 5992: 5854: 5788: 2312: 1954: 1936: 1652: 1597: 1352: 1142: 568: 399: 390: 7225: 6820: 5486: 2400: 1765: 8074: 7969: 7622: 7577: 7547: 7522: 7497: 6692: 6663: 6608: 6583: 6578: 6408: 6403: 6256: 6217: 6187: 6182: 6127: 6117: 6062: 6047: 6017: 5698: 5366: 5223: 4869: 4457: 2578: 2562: 2224: 2214: 2148: 1969: 1795: 1582: 1577: 1567: 1534: 1286: 1279: 1254: 1250: 1242: 1170: 1082: 1026: 449: 432:, supported the Treaty, but opinion among IRA volunteers was divided. By and large, IRA units in 395: 378: 354: 37: 1848: 954:

When de Valera's Fianna Fáil party won the 1932 election, the IRA expected the Free State party

833:

and Moss Twomey, who kept up the secret IRA-Soviet espionage relationship until around 1930–31.

7851: 7709: 7663: 7532: 7337: 6712: 6682: 6470: 6418: 6329: 6289: 6227: 6092: 6022: 5925: 5566: 4978: 2924: 2586: 2435: 2317: 2292: 1022: 1017:

In 1936–37, a number of ex-IRA men were among the Irish fighters (later to become known as the

867: 580: 7240: 3394: 1183:

sentiments also began to be expressed, including satisfaction at the 'cleansing fires' of the

1052:. De Valera's government increasingly followed a strict anti-IRA policy. In 1936 Vice-Admiral 7979: 7724: 6653: 6593: 6423: 6266: 6207: 6177: 6097: 6042: 5889: 5636: 5109: 3187: 2694:

view that internal strife among the working classes served only the interest of capital. The

2615: 2602: 2410: 2395: 2259: 1657: 1364: 1321: 713:

and Senators who had voted for the legislation would be targeted. A number of members of the

5002: 3202:

Architects of the Resurrection: Ailtirí na hAiséirghe and the fascist 'New Order' in Ireland

2947: 1906: 1367:

opposed the IRA's collaboration with Nazi Germany, having adopted a position of neutrality.

1211: 8143: 7984: 7954: 7778: 7632: 6985: 6648: 6618: 6495: 6480: 6475: 6222: 6202: 6172: 6132: 6107: 6032: 6002: 5955: 5920: 5915: 5779: 5371: 5356: 5276: 5271: 5178: 5017: 5007: 4519: 4498: 4493: 4394: 3729: 3664: 3658: 3518: 2662: 2264: 2254: 2209: 1745: 1539: 1514: 488: 8168: 7140: 5551: 5022: 2287: 630:

raged for another five days, with anti-Treaty elements of the IRA's Dublin Brigade, under

8: 8268: 7433: 7380: 7375: 7250: 6687: 6623: 6520: 6379: 5930: 5606: 5456: 5251: 5038: 4914: 4844: 4354: 2765: 2642: 2405: 2347: 1964: 1911: 1770: 1474: 1427: 1333: 1263: 1192: 1011: 999: 955: 899: 791: 476: 245: 7944: 7100: 3855: 3783:

Irish republicanism and socialism: the politics of the republican movement, 1905 to 1994

2641:

However, internment without trial, introduced first in Northern Ireland and then in the

2611:, who had considerable military experience, drew up a plan codenamed Operation Harvest. 1886: 8339: 8311: 8251: 8014: 7939: 7929: 7884: 7000: 6935: 6374: 6299: 6261: 6212: 6157: 6027: 5879: 5859: 5729: 5682: 5321: 5296: 5246: 5192: 5119: 4879: 4408: 3365: 2654: 2623: 2533: 2307: 2082: 1891: 1572: 1363:, but it was discovered by the Irish authorities within one month of its creation. The 1217:

The IRA's ideological shift was noted by other organisations at the time. In 1940, the

907: 362: 335: 6905: 2565:

named vice-president, signalling the IRA's complete control of the party's apparatus.

1710: 425: 8236: 7999: 7370: 7235: 7135: 7110: 7080: 6677: 6369: 6237: 6072: 5581: 5436: 5331: 5306: 5281: 4829: 4313: 4294: 4277: 4258: 4239: 4220: 4203: 4193: 4174: 4155: 4136: 4119: 4109: 4090: 4071: 4039: 4019: 3915: 3892: 3786: 3763: 3733: 3700: 3668: 3636: 3610: 3556: 3522: 3390: 3145: 3120: 3058: 2930: 2723: 2715: 1755: 1740: 1524: 1382: 1304:" in IRA folklore. The RUC found two and a half tons of the stolen ammunition inside 1030: 797:

In summer of 1925, the anti-treaty IRA had sent a delegation led by Pa Murray to the

774: 472: 138: 8334: 7408: 5714: 5662: 5501: 5064: 4955: 4934: 4339: 3988: 2025: 1162: 583:

formed a group called the "neutral IRA", which tried to reconcile the two factions.

8484: 8344: 7914: 7814: 7788: 7717: 7698: 7607: 7165: 7160: 7090: 7085: 6750: 6364: 5910: 5361: 5316: 5202: 5182: 5114: 4624: 4514: 4488: 4432: 4398: 2706: 2445: 2123: 2010: 1775: 1504: 1344: 1101: 1094: 1042: 962: 837: 627: 587: 542: 374: 370: 232: 160: 5541: 4608: 4334: 4064: 4018:

Bell, J. Bower, The Secret Army. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 1997.

3722: 3511: 3166: 1896: 1735: 1049: 614:(3,000 of which were confiscated after the Civil War) and other civilian weapons. 8375: 8215: 8064: 7934: 7869: 7592: 7572: 7365: 7350: 7175: 7145: 7130: 7075: 7015: 6775: 6558: 6319: 6232: 5834: 5769: 5405: 5397: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5311: 5301: 5291: 5256: 5197: 4814: 4778: 4750: 4418: 3975: 3886: 2988: 2674: 2666: 2481: 2425: 2415: 2390: 2297: 2072: 1720: 1705: 1622: 1018: 983: 978:

repercussions. On his victory tour, de Valera snubbed a Garda guard of honour in

947: 882:

members were also members of the IRA at this time. Political initiatives such as

847:, and many Sinn Féin members left to support him. De Valera would in 1932 become 751: 665: 607: 595: 526: 507: 484: 468: 464: 339: 255: 7874: 7325: 4632: 3825: 1785: 1458: 1348: 1074: 710: 440:

were opposed to the Treaty, while those in favour predominated in the Midlands,

8367: 8349: 8089: 8009: 7949: 7919: 7904: 7894: 7678: 7658: 7597: 7537: 7403: 7245: 7120: 7105: 7060: 6955: 6950: 6915: 6855: 6845: 6825: 6800: 6755: 6037: 5844: 5819: 5657: 5576: 5326: 5286: 5266: 5158: 5139: 4950: 4688: 4529: 4347: 4032: 3479: 2493: 2020: 1780: 1700: 1549: 1423: 1301: 1230: 1129: 911: 887: 859: 810: 576: 547: 460: 382: 381:

as "Irregulars", continued to use the name "Irish Republican Army" (IRA) or in

366: 220: 203: 189: 7285: 5556: 5516: 5496: 5152: 4742: 4664: 2608: 1833: 1828: 1124: 863: 844: 826: 8509: 8327: 8301: 8244: 8225: 8104: 8054: 8004: 7994: 7974: 7783: 7617: 7527: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7482: 7472: 7355: 7345: 7315: 7255: 7210: 7065: 7035: 6965: 6960: 6840: 6805: 6795: 6760: 6563: 5839: 5722: 5571: 5506: 5389: 5261: 5168: 5124: 4884: 4864: 4859: 4839: 4799: 4462: 4447: 3544: 3451: 2812:"Michael Collins and anti-Treaty side did deal to encourage trouble in North" 2627: 2590: 2554: 2385: 2380: 2370: 2176: 1685: 1602: 1587: 1544: 1499: 1411: 1398: 1386: 1360: 1309: 1305: 1293: 1204: 906:

to intern 110 IRA men the next day. IRA men assassinated Free State minister

818: 806: 802: 631: 350: 5601: 5526: 5148: 4874: 4207: 4171:

Communism in Modern Ireland: The Pursuit of the Workers' Republic since 1916

3421: 3280:

The Devil's Deal: The IRA, Nazi Germany and the Double Life of Jim O'Donovan

2619: 1157:, which sent books, journals and posters to IRA internees imprisoned in the 1093:(RUC). Afterwards, Tom Barry resigned as Chief of Staff, being succeeded by 773:

was Chief of Staff, 1926–36. IRA-Soviet relations began a year earlier with

718: 338:. It existed in various forms until 1969, when the IRA split again into the 8394: 8316: 8099: 8044: 8039: 8029: 8024: 7879: 7846: 7793: 7768: 7612: 7517: 7428: 7360: 7310: 7305: 7260: 7200: 7040: 6925: 6900: 6895: 6850: 6830: 6530: 5987: 5849: 5784: 5774: 5667: 5471: 5466: 5441: 4968: 4804: 4680: 4648: 4570: 4472: 4281: 4152:

British Spies and Irish Rebels: British Intelligence and Ireland, 1916-1945

3456: 2738: 2734: 2658: 2574: 2365: 2282: 1921: 1881: 1715: 1642: 1592: 1439: 1325: 1297: 1226: 1180: 1158: 1150: 1086: 1069:

Under Sean Russell's leadership, the IRA once again sought war with Britain

919: 798: 669: 647: 639: 591: 572: 564: 343: 283: 7763: 5764: 5129: 4986: 4960: 2711: 1979: 1858: 1006: 943: 883: 657:

by late August, most of them had dispersed to fight a guerrilla campaign.

634:, occupying O'Connell Street until they were dislodged by artillery fire. 417: 8034: 7280: 7150: 7125: 7115: 7055: 6975: 6940: 6890: 6870: 6810: 5794: 5631: 5591: 5586: 5491: 5481: 4929: 4834: 4824: 4600: 4584: 4467: 4123: 3912:

The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers' Party

1805: 1790: 1690: 1680: 1647: 1188: 1146: 786: 770: 735: 722: 701: 682: 678: 672:

was a relatively effective campaign fought, with the IRA units re-taking

661: 646:

and territory held by republicans. The Free State's best troops were the

623: 480: 3369: 3353: 3220: 2476: 1519: 902:

barracks, shooting dead two Gardaí. The Free State immediately used its

525:

was the first Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA. He died during the

8019: 7889: 7803: 7693: 7492: 7385: 7265: 7070: 7030: 6995: 6835: 6790: 6505: 5616: 5611: 5451: 5446: 5043: 4899: 4894: 4720: 4255:

The Politics of Illusion: Socialism and Republicanism in Modern Ireland

2161: 1800: 1447: 979: 966: 727: 714: 697: 599: 556: 552: 144: 1484: 692: 598:. Many Northern IRA men then had to flee the North in order to escape 7320: 7185: 6765: 5521: 3034: 2948:"Newshound: Links to daily newspaper articles about Northern Ireland" 1415: 1184: 939: 533: 1347:, the IRA hoped for support from Germany to strike against Britain. 1259: 696:

Memorial to anti-Treaty insurgents executed by Free State forces at

26: 2714:, once the political wing of the IRA, is the largest party in both 2582: 2545:

would have to marry their military tactics with political tactics.

930: 654: 611: 441: 437: 3969:

http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Organisation_Responsible.html

3422:"Remembering the Past: Executed IRA men reinterred | An Phoblacht" 1823: 494:

In March 1922, the Anti-Treaty IRA captured the Royal Navy vessel

373:. The IRA units in the other 26 counties (that were to become the 8272: 7542: 2691: 2204: 1853: 1210:

In 1940, prominent members and supporters of the IRA established

970: 915: 673: 541:

On the outbreak of civil war in June 1922, the government of the

433: 199: 8526:

Proscribed paramilitary organisations in the Republic of Ireland

7739: 3759:

Inside the IRA: Dissident Republicans and the War for Legitimacy

3275: 3273: 2686:—was to be one of the factors in the 1969 split that led to the 1308:

on 2 January 1940. The next day the Irish Minister for Justice,

1289:

for the duration of hostilities between the Allies and Germany.

1173:, expressed his approval of the party in a letter to its leader 886:, begun in 1931, were promoted by left-wing IRA members such as 459:, claiming that its members had broken their oath to defend the 456: 7423: 4534: 3856:"What is the Irish Republican Army and What do They Stand For?" 3015:"The 1926 IRA campaign against Moneylenders. – The Irish Story" 2581:, advocating its replacement with a form of government akin to 2234: 1632: 1443: 1371: 1271: 1267: 1246: 1196: 1065: 898:

have to fight the British again. In November 1926 it seized 11

822: 619: 518: 445: 262: 766: 4217:

Defending Ireland: The Irish State and Its Enemies Since 1922

3270: 2648: 2219: 498:

off the coast of Cobh, County Cork, which was carrying arms.

3452:"Remembering the Past: Re-interment of Barnes and McCormack" 1393:, in April 1942 a diversionary action, intended to draw the 778: 3354:"Betty Sinclair: A Woman's Fight for Socialism, 1910-1981" 3246: 3244: 3242: 3216:"A short history of Russian involvement in Irish politics" 1414:

was based exclusively on the aerial reconnaissance of the

1229:, socialist republican and former IRA Army council member 448:. The pro-Treaty volunteers formed the nucleus of the new 8531:

Proscribed paramilitary organisations in Northern Ireland

3607:

Belfast Battalion: A History of the Belfast IRA 1922-1969

2577:, with the aim of creating a Catholic state, and opposed 3804:"Matt Merrigan: a fighter for the Third Camp in Ireland" 3609:. Ballygarran, Wexford: Letter Press. pp. 143–147. 2786:"Sectarian violence and murder spreads across the North" 2568: 1060: 537:

Mick Mansfield, Staff Engineer, Waterford Brigade, 1922.

330:) of 1922–1969 was a sub-group of the original pre-1922 3239: 3144:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. pp. 16–18. 8266: 4190:

The Troubles: the struggle for Irish freedom 1912-1922

3929: 3927: 5744: 5094: 4369: 3252:"'Oh here's to Adolph Hitler'? The IRA and the Nazis" 2867:"Journeys to a Free State: The capture of the Upnor" 405: 8465:Óglaigh na hÉireann (Continuity IRA splinter group) 3924: 3142:

The IRA Bombing Campaign Against Britain, 1939-1940

1041:to go to Spain to fight on the opposing side, with 851:, at the head of the first Fianna Fáil government. 51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 7837:Timeline of Official Irish Republican Army actions 4063: 4031: 3721: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3663:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. pp. 3510: 3389: 398:, and it remains the official legal title of the 8507: 412:Irish Republican Army and the Anglo-Irish Treaty 4236:Emergency Law in Independent Ireland, 1922–1948 3681: 2548: 685:, County Wexford and several other localities. 606:however, most of them did not take part in the 394:was also adopted as the name of the pro-Treaty 3749: 3508: 8475:Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group) 8252: 7725: 5730: 5080: 4355: 3696:A Short History of the IRA: From 1916 Onwards 2513: 1902:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist) 750:year, with Éamon de Valera the last to leave 4214: 4187: 925: 551:combatants. Some of the officers of the new 349:The original Irish Republican Army fought a 6148:Carlton Tower & Portman Hotel shootings 3692: 2856:(Edinburgh, Thomas Nelson and Sons), p. 176 8541:1969 disestablishments in Northern Ireland 8259: 8245: 7732: 7718: 6516:Paddington & Victoria station bombings 5737: 5723: 5087: 5073: 4362: 4348: 4233: 3888:Official Irish Republicanism, 1962 to 1972 3604: 3086:"Irish Politics and the Spanish Civil War" 2649:1960s: Marxist tendency and the 1969 split 2520: 2506: 1132:, which they would almost immediately do. 829:with De Valera, before being succeeded by 8139:Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association 4252: 4084: 3351: 3213: 334:, characterised by its opposition to the 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 16:Anti-Treaty sub-group of the original IRA 4310:The Communist Party of Ireland 1921-2011 4291:The IRA 1956-69: Rethinking the Republic 4168: 4103: 4087:Green Against Green: The Irish Civil War 3189:The IRA 1956–69: Rethinking the Republic 2893:"The Irish Civil War – A brief overview" 1457: 1258: 1064: 929: 765: 691: 546:ambush in August 1922. Collins wrote to 532: 517: 8536:1922 establishments in Northern Ireland 4271: 4149: 4052: 3755: 3588: 3139: 2985:"The secret IRA–Soviet agreement, 1925" 993:a territorial claim to Northern Ireland 8508: 8432:Irish People's Liberation Organisation 6315:Hyde Park & Regent's Park bombings 4307: 4288: 4061: 4055:Liam Mellowes and the Irish Revolution 4029: 3630: 3572: 3050: 2093:Irish People's Liberation Organisation 60:"Irish Republican Army" 1922–1969 8240: 7713: 5805:Chronology of Provisional IRA actions 5718: 5219:Brigades of the Irish Republican Army 5068: 4343: 4335:FBI file on the Irish Republican Army 4130: 3866:from the original on 26 November 2016 3635:. London: Random House. p. 334. 3432:from the original on 15 February 2017 3051:Coogan, Tim Pat (23 September 2008). 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2903:from the original on 29 November 2016 2684:Northern Ireland riots of August 1969 2569:Ideology of the post-World War II IRA 2532:In 1946 a new political party called 2343:Phoenix National and Literary Society 1453: 1270:in 1939–40. He collaborated with the 1061:Seán Russell's rise to Chief of Staff 938:Cumann na nGaedheal attempted to use 514:Executions during the Irish Civil War 8427:South Armagh Republican Action Force 7414:South Armagh Republican Action Force 6491:Honourable Artillery Company bombing 3905: 3884: 3836:from the original on 2 December 2016 3719: 3693:O'Brien, Brendan (21 January 2019). 3656: 3490:from the original on 6 December 2016 3480:"The IRA supported the Nazis in WW2" 3303:from the original on 12 January 2019 3140:McKenna, Joseph (16 February 2016). 3114: 2737:mounted their own armed campaign in 2240:National Graves Association, Belfast 2172:South Armagh Republican Action Force 1433: 1135: 1029:against the Nationalists during the 836:While Twomey was not an ideological 49:adding citations to reliable sources 20: 6599:Forensic Science Laboratory bombing 3826:"Brookeborough Raid " Border Tours" 3551:, pages 262–264; also Enno Stephan 1663:Dissident Irish republican campaign 1266:was a key figure in organising the 1021:) who joined the largely socialist 13: 6058:King's Cross & Euston bombings 4925:Patrick McGrath (Irish republican) 3728:. Transaction Publishers. p. 3591:Northern Ireland: the Orange State 3563:(reprint)), pages 226, 245 and 275 3517:. Transaction Publishers. p. 3164: 2966: 2756: 2728:Leader of the Opposition in Dublin 2701:The Provisional IRA embarked on a 2596: 1165:, the editor of the IRA newspaper 1037:leader Eoin O'Duffy organised the 849:President of the Executive Council 14: 8562: 8516:Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) 5830:Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape 5746:Provisional Irish Republican Army 5704:Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army 5096:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) 5049:Provisional Irish Republican Army 4390:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) 4371:Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) 4328: 3995:from the original on 3 March 2016 3914:, Brian Hanley and Scott Millar, 3577:. London: Macmillan. p. 178. 3258:from the original on 17 July 2020 3214:Ó Duibhir, Séan (11 March 2022). 2995:from the original on 2 April 2015 2954:from the original on 3 March 2016 1877:All Ireland Anti-Partition League 1370:Gunther Schuetz, a member of the 1153:and even the fascist ideology of 761: 420:and among a majority of the IRA. 406:Split over the Anglo-Irish Treaty 8521:Irish republican militant groups 8470:Irish Republican Liberation Army 8190:Irish Republican Socialist Party 8148:Communist Party of Great Britain 7450:Continuity Irish Republican Army 6325:Royal Artillery Barracks bombing 5865:Armalite and ballot box strategy 5012:Communist Party of Great Britain 3965:Conflict Archive on the Internet 3633:Ireland in the Twentieth Century 3293:"New evidence on IRA/Nazi links" 3115:Bell, J. Bowyer (12 July 2017). 3096:from the original on 11 May 2013 2822:from the original on 5 June 2016 2792:from the original on 3 June 2016 2705:against the British presence in 2487: 2475: 2031:Irish Republican Liberation Army 1942:Irish Socialist Republican Party 1839:Irish Republican Socialist Party 1510:Armalite and ballot box strategy 1483: 622:in April 1922, most notably the 239: 226: 214: 183: 173:March 1922 – December 1969 137: 25: 6113:British Airways bombing attempt 5678:National Association of Old IRA 5673:Irish Self-Determination League 4293:. Manchester University Press. 4038:. Roberts Rinehart Publishers. 3981: 3957: 3878: 3848: 3818: 3796: 3776: 3713: 3650: 3624: 3598: 3582: 3566: 3538: 3502: 3472: 3444: 3414: 3383: 3345: 3336: 3327: 3315: 3285: 3207: 3195: 3181: 3158: 3133: 3108: 3078: 3044: 3028: 3007: 2928:Quotations from Eamon de Valera 2328:League of Communist Republicans 2200:Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland 2144:Republican Action Against Drugs 1975:Republican Socialist Collective 1236: 483:, who sided with the Treaty in 36:needs additional citations for 8546:Anti-imperialist organizations 8422:Irish National Liberation Army 8185:Irish National Liberation Army 6536:Musgrave Park Hospital bombing 5885:Northern Ireland peace process 5174:Government of Ireland Act 1920 5054:Official Irish Republican Army 4525:Anti-Treaty Guerrilla Campaign 3989:"CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths" 3762:. Edinburgh University Press. 3744:Willie McGuinness IRA -martin. 3322:Eoin O'Duffy: A Self-Made Hero 2940: 2937:page 36; Aiken's order page 92 2915: 2885: 2859: 2846: 2834: 2804: 2778: 2195:32 County Sovereignty Movement 2053:Irish National Liberation Army 815:Red Army military intelligence 1: 6486:London Stock Exchange bombing 4453:Collaboration with the Abwehr 3593:. London: Pluto. p. 166. 3400:Dictionary of Irish Biography 3171:Dictionary of Irish Biography 2744: 734:received an order, issued by 148: 8307:Irish Republican Brotherhood 8200:Official Republican Movement 7821:Official IRA Belfast Brigade 7799:Officials-Provisionals split 6511:Downing Street mortar attack 6335:Ballygawley land mine attack 6083:Houses of Parliament bombing 5825:Improvised tactical vehicles 5653:Irish Republican Brotherhood 4995:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann 4473:Officials-Provisionals split 4234:Ó Longaigh, Seosamh (2006). 3324:, Fearghal McGarry, page 338 3282:, David O'Donoghue, page 184 2549:Rapprochement with Sinn Féin 2333:Northern Resistance Movement 2250:Revolutionary Housing League 2114:Irish Republican Brotherhood 1917:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann 1844:Republican Network for Unity 1300:. This became known as the " 801:for a personal meeting with 700:, County Kerry, designed by 644:re-taken all the major towns 501: 7: 8442:Irish Revolutionary Brigade 7842:1969 Northern Ireland riots 7568:William "Frenchie" Marchant 7419:Direct Action Against Drugs 7011:Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde 6718:1997 Northern Ireland riots 6541:Crumlin Road Prison bombing 6355:RUC Birches barracks attack 6198:Walton's Restaurant bombing 6138:Telephone exchange bombings 5998:Scottish soldiers' killings 5135:Declaration of Independence 4974:National Graves Association 4443:Irish republican legitimism 4219:. Oxford University Press. 4085:Hopkinson, Michael (2004). 4053:Greaves, C Desmond (1989). 3860:About.com News & Issues 3395:"Gilmore, George Frederick" 2696:Irish Department of Justice 2539:Government of the 13th Dáil 2245:National Graves Association 1932:Irish Anti-Partition League 1530:Irish republican legitimism 1118:Irish republican legitimism 950:, and the IRA to Communism. 563:. O'Duffy claimed that the 369:as the new jurisdiction of 361:between 1919 and 1921. The 143:An Anti-Treaty IRA unit in 10: 8567: 8551:Anti-imperialism in Europe 8402:Irish Revolutionary Forces 8297:Society of United Irishmen 7455:Real Irish Republican Army 6698:Hammersmith Bridge bombing 6399:Glamorgan barracks bombing 6193:Scott's Oyster Bar bombing 6143:1974 Oxford Street bombing 6123:London pillar box bombings 4104:Macardle, Dorothy (1968). 3039:Kilrush Shooting Wednesday 2703:thirty-year armed campaign 2600: 2323:Irish Socialist Federation 2303:Emmet Monument Association 2167:Society of United Irishmen 2119:Irish Revolutionary Forces 2088:Irish National Invincibles 1990:Socialist Republican Party 1960:Northern Council for Unity 1613:Irish revolutionary period 1240: 1219:Communist Party of Ireland 1115: 880:Communist Party of Ireland 511: 505: 409: 8490:Irish Republican Movement 8357:Irish War of Independence 8279: 8208: 8177: 8131: 7860: 7829: 7751: 7463: 7442: 7396: 7334: 6730: 6708:Thiepval barracks bombing 6604:Stoke Newington Road bomb 6549: 6526:Glenanne barracks bombing 6501:RFA Fort Victoria bombing 6466:Downpatrick roadside bomb 6442: 6350:Enniskillen mortar attack 6280: 6252:La Mon restaurant bombing 6008:Balmoral showroom bombing 5973: 5964: 5898: 5752: 5691: 5645: 5417: 5380: 5237: 5211: 5164:Irish War of Independence 5102: 5031: 4943: 4790: 4553: 4507: 4481: 4377: 4253:Patterson, Henry (1989). 4131:Mahon, Thomas G. (2008). 3589:Farrell, Michael (1976). 3352:Morrissey, Hazel (1983). 2720:Northern Ireland Assembly 2376:Guerrilla Days in Ireland 2060:(Real IRA splinter group) 2036:Irish Republican Movement 1618:Irish War of Independence 1091:Royal Ulster Constabulary 926:Fianna Fáil in government 359:Irish War of Independence 292: 251: 209: 195: 178: 166: 156: 136: 125: 8154:Peace Train Organisation 6659:1993 Fivemiletown ambush 6614:Night of the Long Knives 6394:1988 Netherlands attacks 6310:Chelsea Barracks bombing 6068:1973 Westminster bombing 5993:1970 Crossmaglen bombing 5855:1981 Irish hunger strike 5432:J. J. "Ginger" O'Connell 4215:O'Halpin, Eunan (1999). 4188:O'Connor, Ulick (1989). 4089:. Gill & MacMillan. 4030:Coogan, Tim Pat (1993). 3978:visualised 3 March 2006. 3891:. Lulu.com. p. 81. 3756:Sanders, Andrew (2011). 3724:The Secret Army: The IRA 3720:Bell, J. Bowyer (1997). 3660:The Secret Army: The IRA 3657:Bell, J. Bowyer (1997). 3631:Coogan, Tim Pat (2003). 3573:Coogan, Tim Pat (2002). 3513:The Secret Army: The IRA 3119:. Taylor & Francis. 3117:The Secret Army: The IRA 2313:Friends of Irish Freedom 1955:National Corporate Party 1937:Irish Independence Party 1653:1981 Irish hunger strike 1598:Fenian dynamite campaign 1143:Catholic social teaching 1081:barracks, and importing 813:and pass information to 569:Royal Irish Constabulary 7523:Christopher Ewart-Biggs 6703:Osnabrück mortar attack 6693:1996 Manchester bombing 6609:1992 Manchester bombing 6579:Baltic Exchange bombing 6409:Ballygawley bus bombing 6404:Inglis Barracks bombing 6218:West Ham station attack 6188:Trattoria Fiore bombing 6118:Birmingham pub bombings 6088:Tower of London bombing 6018:Donegall Street bombing 5224:Irish Republican Police 4964:(1922–26 & 1938–69) 4169:Millotte, Mike (1984). 4057:. Lawrence and Wishart. 3509:J. Bowyer Bell (1997). 3204:, R.M Douglas, page 168 3192:, Matt Treacey, page 35 3090:www.ulsternation.org.uk 2922:Legion of the Rearguard 2852:Frank O'Connor (1937). 2579:parliamentary democracy 2225:Irish National Congress 2215:Connolly Youth Movement 2149:Republican Defence Army 1970:Republican Labour Party 1927:Independent Fianna Fáil 1583:Young Ireland rebellion 1578:Irish rebellion of 1803 1568:Irish Rebellion of 1798 1255:The Emergency (Ireland) 1251:Northern Campaign (IRA) 1243:IRA Abwehr World War II 1027:Second Spanish Republic 890:, Peadar O'Donnell and 741:In de Valera's words, " 355:British rule in Ireland 7473:Jeffery Stanford Agate 7006:Breandán Mac Cionnaith 6644:Finchley Road bombings 6471:Operation Conservation 6419:Clive Barracks bombing 6330:Brighton hotel bombing 6290:Dunmurry train bombing 6093:Guildford pub bombings 6023:Battle at Springmartin 5983:Battle of St Matthew's 5926:Internal Security Unit 5567:George Oliver Plunkett 4979:Comhairle na Poblachta 4438:Comhairle na dTeachtaí 4413:in relation to the IRA 4276:. Macdonald & Co. 4272:Stephan, Enno (1963). 4150:McMahon, Paul (2008). 4062:Hanley, Brian (2002). 2925:Proinsias Mac Aonghusa 2632:Dáil Éireann elections 2318:Irish Republican Voice 2293:Comhairle na Poblachta 2106:Irish Republican Army 2098:Irish Republican Army 1463: 1275: 1070: 1023:International Brigades 951: 868:Comhairle na Poblachta 782: 705: 586:Meanwhile, the IRA in 538: 530: 126:Irish Republican Army 8384:Irish Republican Army 8364:Irish Republican Army 8291:Earlier organisations 6654:Shankill Road bombing 6629:Cullaville occupation 6569:London Bridge bombing 6424:Deal barracks bombing 6305:1981 Bessbrook attack 6208:Balcombe Street siege 6178:London Hilton bombing 6168:Caterham Arms bombing 6103:Brooks's Club bombing 6098:Harrow School bombing 6043:Newry customs bombing 5890:Good Friday Agreement 5637:W.J. Brennan-Whitmore 5372:Belfast Bloody Sunday 4308:Treacy, Matt (2012). 4289:Treacy, Matt (2011). 4238:. Four Courts Press. 4135:. Mercier Press Ltd. 4070:. Four Courts Press. 3963:University of Ulster 3699:. The O'Brien Press. 3605:O'Neil, John (2003). 2603:Border Campaign (IRA) 2411:The Hibernia Magazine 2396:Saoirse Irish Freedom 2277:Defunct Organisations 1947:Irish Workers' Group 1658:Good Friday Agreement 1628:1932 general election 1608:1918 general election 1461: 1322:1939 Coventry bombing 1262: 1175:Gearóid Ó Cuinneagáin 1155:Ailtirí na hAiséirghe 1068: 933: 769: 695: 536: 521: 332:Irish Republican Army 324:Irish Republican Army 300:Irish Republican Army 270:IRA Northern Campaign 263:IRA Sabotage Campaign 8144:Connolly Association 7206:Thomas "Slab" Murphy 6986:Patrick Joseph Kelly 6649:Battle of Newry Road 6619:1993 Harrods bombing 6496:Lichfield gun attack 6481:Carlton Club bombing 6476:1990 Wembley bombing 6203:Drummuckavall ambush 6173:Tullyvallen massacre 6108:Woolwich pub bombing 5956:Balcombe Street Gang 5946:South Armagh Brigade 5921:IRA Southern Command 5916:IRA Northern Command 5367:Coolacrease killings 5357:Carrowkennedy ambush 5352:Custom House burning 5277:Dublin Bloody Sunday 5272:Battle of Ballinalee 5179:Partition of Ireland 5018:Wolfe Tone Societies 5008:Connolly Association 4520:Battle of Kilmallock 4499:IRA Southern Command 4494:IRA Northern Command 3484:www.markhumphrys.com 3299:. 26 February 2013. 3254:. 13 February 2013. 2764:was first coined by 2663:Connolly Association 2559:Tomás Óg Mac Curtain 2255:Wolfe Tone Societies 2210:Connolly Association 2189:Active Organisations 2058:Óglaigh na hÉireann 1849:Republican Sinn Féin 1746:Constance Markievicz 1515:Dissident republican 914:and Thomas Ryan, in 400:Irish Defence Forces 147:, County Waterford, 45:improve this article 7434:Troops Out Movement 7381:Freddie Scappaticci 6688:Aldwych bus bombing 6639:Bishopsgate bombing 6624:Warrington bombings 6584:Sussex Arms bombing 6574:Staples Cnr bombing 6521:Mullacreevie ambush 6461:South Armagh sniper 6414:Jonesborough ambush 6360:Rheindahlen bombing 6340:Newry mortar attack 6295:Lough Foyle attacks 6153:Mountainview attack 6128:Talbot Arms bombing 6053:Honey Trap killings 5951:East Tyrone Brigade 5931:Active service unit 5795:Haughey arms crisis 5252:Rescue at Knocklong 5039:Republican Congress 4468:Haughey arms crisis 3974:9 July 2017 at the 3885:Swan, Sean (2008). 3426:www.anphoblacht.com 3342:Douglas, page 79-80 2991:. 8 February 2015. 2841:Óglaigh na hÉireann 2750:Informational notes 2643:Republic of Ireland 2482:Politics portal 2406:The Gaelic American 2348:Troops Out Movement 1965:Republican Congress 1912:Cumann na Poblachta 1476:Irish republicanism 1469:Part of a series on 1334:George Bernard Shaw 1128:declare war on the 1012:Republican Congress 956:Cumann na nGaedheal 942:tactics by linking 876:Anti-Tribute League 792:Cumann na nGaedheal 744:the nation's right. 666:War of Independence 581:Florence O'Donoghue 561:War of Independence 391:Óglaigh na hÉireann 386:Óglaigh na hÉireann 277:IRA Border Campaign 246:Republic of Ireland 196:Active regions 130:Óglaigh na hÉireann 8453:Dissident Campaign 8340:Irish Citizen Army 8312:Fenian Brotherhood 8285: 8209:Prominent killings 8015:Proinsias De Rossa 7930:Kenneth Littlejohn 7885:C. Desmond Greaves 7563:Baroness Brabourne 7001:Proinsias Mac Airt 6936:John Francis Green 6375:Corporals killings 6345:Ballygawley attack 6300:Glasdrumman ambush 6262:Warrenpoint ambush 6257:Crossmaglen ambush 6228:Store bar shooting 6213:Kingsmill massacre 6183:Piccadilly bombing 6158:Bayardo Bar attack 6063:Coleraine bombings 6048:Old Bailey bombing 6028:Battle of Lenadoon 5880:Smithwick Tribunal 5870:Punishment attacks 5860:Maze Prison escape 5487:Gearóid O'Sullivan 5322:Selton Hill ambush 5297:Upton train ambush 5247:Soloheadbeg ambush 5193:Anglo-Irish Treaty 5120:Irish Citizen Army 5003:Córas na Poblachta 4870:Tomás Ó Dubhghaill 4772:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 4409:Anglo-Irish Treaty 4034:The IRA: a history 3830:www.bordertours.ie 2818:. 3 October 2014. 2655:C. Desmond Greaves 2628:Brookeborough Raid 2563:Tomás Ó Dubhghaill 2534:Clann na Poblachta 2494:Ireland portal 2338:People's Democracy 2308:Fenian Brotherhood 2083:Irish Citizen Army 1907:Córas na Poblachta 1892:Clann na Poblachta 1573:Acts of Union 1800 1464: 1454:Clann na Poblachta 1287:state of emergency 1276: 1212:Córas na Poblachta 1171:Tomás Ó Dubhghaill 1071: 1045:'s Nationalists.) 989:Oath of Allegiance 952: 904:Special Powers Act 783: 717:were attacked, TD 706: 539: 531: 363:Anglo-Irish Treaty 336:Anglo-Irish Treaty 168:Dates of operation 8503: 8502: 8498: 8497: 8234: 8233: 8169:Clann na hÉireann 8080:Patrick Gallagher 7955:Paddy O'Callaghan 7900:Thomas "Ta" Power 7852:Aldershot bombing 7794:Anti-sectarianism 7707: 7706: 7655: 7647: 7389: 7371:Martin McGartland 7216:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 7141:Pádraig McKearney 7136:Martin McGuinness 7111:Brendan McFarlane 7081:Raymond McCartney 7021:Seán Mac Stíofáin 6739: 6726: 6725: 6713:Coalisland attack 6683:Docklands bombing 6678:Drumcree conflict 6429:Mayobridge attack 6370:Operation Flavius 6238:Garryhinch ambush 5712: 5711: 5437:Terence MacSwiney 5332:Crossbarry ambush 5307:Coolavokig ambush 5282:Kilmichael ambush 5062: 5061: 5023:Clann na hÉireann 4999: 4991: 4983: 4965: 4890:Seán Mac Stíofáin 4855:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4783: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4759:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 4755: 4747: 4739: 4733: 4725: 4717: 4713:Willie McGuinness 4709: 4701: 4693: 4685: 4677: 4669: 4661: 4653: 4645: 4637: 4629: 4621: 4613: 4605: 4597: 4589: 4581: 4575: 4567: 4540:Northern Campaign 4535:Sabotage Campaign 4395:British Partition 4154:. Boydell Press. 3967:(CAIN) database: 3939:Irish Left Review 3616:978-1-9993008-0-7 3391:Diarmaid Ferriter 3173:. 16 March 2022. 2724:Mary Lou McDonald 2636:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 2530: 2529: 2462: 2454: 2441:The Starry Plough 2288:Clann na hÉireann 2157: 2109: 2101: 2061: 1950: 1761:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 1756:Martin McGuinness 1751:Bernadette Devlin 1741:Terence MacSwiney 1731:Seán Mac Stíofáin 1525:Irish nationalism 1434:Post-World War II 1391:northern campaign 1383:Church of Ireland 1280:Sabotage Campaign 1136:Ideological shift 1085:with the help of 1031:Spanish Civil War 1025:to fight for the 936:the 1932 election 775:Felix Dzerzhinsky 628:Confused fighting 379:Free State forces 320: 319: 305:Succeeded by 288: 281: 274: 267: 260: 121: 120: 113: 95: 8558: 8485:Arm na Poblachta 8345:Irish Volunteers 8282: 8281: 8261: 8254: 8247: 8238: 8237: 8113:Michael Donnelly 8070:Francie Donnelly 8060:Catherine Murphy 7980:Seán Ó Cionnaith 7945:Tomás Mac Giolla 7915:Malachy McGurran 7815:The Irish People 7789:Two-stage theory 7779:Marxism–Leninism 7734: 7727: 7720: 7711: 7710: 7699:Michael Willetts 7653: 7645: 7643:Robert McCartney 7608:Lord Mountbatten 7583:Robert McConnell 7383: 7376:Sean O'Callaghan 7251:Diarmuid O'Neill 7241:Siobhán O'Hanlon 7231:Éamonn O'Doherty 7226:Dáithí Ó Conaill 7166:Michael McKevitt 7161:Laurence McKeown 7101:Séamus McElwaine 7091:Raymond McCreesh 7086:Martin McCaughey 6821:Carál Ní Chuilín 6751:Martina Anderson 6735: 6664:Heathrow attacks 6594:Coalisland riots 6365:Loughgall ambush 6272:Dungannon attack 6267:Brussels bombing 6013:Abercorn bombing 6003:Red Lion bombing 5971: 5970: 5911:IRA Army Council 5810:Arms importation 5739: 5732: 5725: 5716: 5715: 5607:Peadar O'Donnell 5462:Erskine Childers 5410: 5402: 5394: 5362:Rathcoole ambush 5317:Clonbanin ambush 5203:Irish Free State 5187:Southern Ireland 5183:Northern Ireland 5115:Irish Volunteers 5089: 5082: 5075: 5066: 5065: 4997: 4989: 4981: 4963: 4920:Éamonn O'Doherty 4915:Peadar O'Donnell 4845:Seamus O'Donovan 4810:Erskine Childers 4781: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4753: 4745: 4737: 4731: 4723: 4715: 4707: 4699: 4691: 4683: 4675: 4667: 4659: 4651: 4643: 4635: 4627: 4625:Mick Fitzpatrick 4619: 4611: 4603: 4595: 4587: 4579: 4573: 4565: 4515:Battle of Dublin 4489:IRA Army Council 4433:Munster Republic 4403:Southern Ireland 4399:Northern Ireland 4364: 4357: 4350: 4341: 4340: 4323: 4304: 4285: 4274:Spies in Ireland 4268: 4249: 4230: 4211: 4184: 4165: 4146: 4133:Decoding the IRA 4127: 4100: 4081: 4069: 4058: 4049: 4037: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3985: 3979: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3941:. Archived from 3931: 3922: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3800: 3794: 3793:, p. 41 & 42 3780: 3774: 3773: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3727: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3690: 3679: 3678: 3654: 3648: 3646: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3602: 3596: 3594: 3586: 3580: 3578: 3570: 3564: 3553:Spies in Ireland 3542: 3536: 3535: 3516: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3393:(October 2009). 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3349: 3343: 3340: 3334: 3333:Douglas, page 78 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3248: 3237: 3236: 3230: 3228: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3048: 3042: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3011: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2981: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2944: 2938: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2871:Cork Independent 2863: 2857: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2782: 2759: 2707:Northern Ireland 2522: 2515: 2508: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2480: 2479: 2461:(1948 newspaper) 2460: 2459:United Irishman 2453:(1848 newspaper) 2452: 2451:United Irishman 2446:The Sunday Press 2421:The Irish People 2260:Ógra Fianna Fáil 2155: 2124:Irish Volunteers 2107: 2099: 2059: 2011:Arm na Poblachta 1948: 1887:Aontacht Éireann 1771:Peadar O'Donnell 1766:Dáithí Ó Conaill 1505:Anti-imperialism 1487: 1477: 1466: 1465: 1397:from an illegal 1365:Irish Government 1345:Second World War 1264:Seamus O'Donovan 1193:Seamus O'Donovan 1102:Joseph McGarrity 1095:Mick Fitzpatrick 1054:Henry Somerville 1043:Francisco Franco 1000:Peadar O'Donnell 963:Great Depression 838:Marxist-Leninist 588:Northern Ireland 543:Irish Free State 375:Irish Free State 371:Northern Ireland 296:Preceded by 286: 279: 272: 265: 258: 252:Battles and wars 244: 243: 242: 236: 233:Irish Free State 231: 230: 229: 219: 218: 217: 188: 187: 186: 174: 169: 161:IRA Army Council 150: 141: 123: 122: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 8566: 8565: 8561: 8560: 8559: 8557: 8556: 8555: 8506: 8505: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8446: 8412:Provisional IRA 8388: 8376:Irish Civil War 8321: 8275: 8265: 8235: 8230: 8216:Seamus Costello 8204: 8195:Democratic Left 8173: 8127: 8065:Marian Donnelly 8050:Michael Enright 7985:Máirín de Burca 7965:Michael Gaughan 7935:Seamus Costello 7870:Cathal Goulding 7856: 7825: 7809:United Irishman 7759:Anti-Treaty IRA 7747: 7738: 7708: 7703: 7651:Joseph Rafferty 7603:Stephen Melrose 7593:Columba McVeigh 7588:Jean McConville 7573:Martin McBirney 7488:Robert Bradford 7465: 7459: 7438: 7392: 7366:Raymond Gilmour 7351:Denis Donaldson 7336: 7330: 7176:Jackie McMullan 7146:Tommy McKearney 7131:John Joe McGirl 7076:Jennifer McCann 7016:Joseph MacManus 6946:George Harrison 6931:Michael Gaughan 6911:William Fleming 6906:Mairéad Farrell 6776:Charles Breslin 6734: 6722: 6589:Cloghoge attack 6559:Teebane bombing 6545: 6438: 6434:Derryard attack 6380:Lisburn bombing 6320:Harrods bombing 6276: 6233:Stag Inn attack 6223:Olympia bombing 6163:Forkhill attack 6133:Bristol bombing 5960: 5936:Belfast Brigade 5894: 5835:Blanket protest 5770:Republican News 5760:Anti-Treaty IRA 5748: 5743: 5713: 5708: 5687: 5641: 5627:Richard Barrett 5562:Tom McEllistrim 5532:Séumas Robinson 5477:Michael Brennan 5427:Michael Collins 5413: 5408: 5400: 5398:Richard Mulcahy 5392: 5382:Chiefs of Staff 5376: 5347:Kilmeena ambush 5342:Scramoge ambush 5337:Headford ambush 5312:Sheemore ambush 5302:Clonmult ambush 5292:Dromkeen ambush 5257:Listowel mutiny 5233: 5207: 5198:Irish Civil War 5098: 5093: 5063: 5058: 5027: 4939: 4880:Fergal O'Hanlon 4820:Richard Barrett 4815:Michael Carolan 4786: 4779:Cathal Goulding 4751:John Joe McGirl 4705:Patrick Fleming 4657:Seán Harrington 4555:Chiefs of Staff 4549: 4545:Border Campaign 4503: 4477: 4419:Irish Civil War 4373: 4368: 4331: 4326: 4320: 4301: 4265: 4246: 4227: 4200: 4181: 4173:. Pluto Press. 4162: 4143: 4116: 4097: 4078: 4066:The IRA 1926–36 4046: 4009: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3976:Wayback Machine 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3945:on 25 July 2017 3933: 3932: 3925: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3809: 3807: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3718: 3714: 3707: 3691: 3682: 3675: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3603: 3599: 3587: 3583: 3571: 3567: 3549:The Secret Army 3543: 3539: 3529: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3435: 3433: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3337: 3332: 3328: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3297:History Ireland 3291: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3250: 3249: 3240: 3226: 3224: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3182: 3176:campaign began. 3167:"Russell, Seán" 3165:Hanley, Brian. 3163: 3159: 3152: 3138: 3134: 3127: 3113: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3049: 3045: 3041:2 November 1932 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2989:History Ireland 2983: 2982: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2899:. 2 July 2012. 2897:The Irish Story 2891: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2825: 2823: 2816:The Irish Times 2810: 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2788:. 2 July 2012. 2784: 2783: 2779: 2747: 2688:Provisional IRA 2675:John Joe McGirl 2667:Cathal Goulding 2651: 2624:Fergal O'Hanlon 2616:border campaign 2605: 2599: 2597:Border campaign 2571: 2551: 2526: 2488: 2486: 2474: 2467: 2466: 2426:The Irish Press 2416:The Irish Felon 2391:Republican News 2361: 2353: 2352: 2298:Dungannon Clubs 2278: 2270: 2269: 2265:Ógra Shinn Féin 2190: 2182: 2181: 2134:Provisional IRA 2073:Connolly Column 2021:Cumann na mBan‎ 2003: 2002:Militant groups 1995: 1994: 1872: 1871:Defunct parties 1864: 1863: 1819: 1811: 1810: 1726:Thomas J. Kelly 1721:Cathal Goulding 1711:Éamon de Valera 1706:Seamus Costello 1676: 1668: 1667: 1638:Border Campaign 1623:Irish Civil War 1563: 1555: 1554: 1495: 1475: 1456: 1436: 1318:James McCormick 1257: 1241:Main articles: 1239: 1138: 1120: 1063: 1019:Connolly Column 984:Dublin tramways 928: 908:Kevin O'Higgins 764: 752:Kilmainham Gaol 608:Irish Civil War 596:Irish civil war 527:Irish Civil War 516: 510: 508:Irish Civil War 504: 485:County Longford 465:Richard Mulcahy 430:Michael Collins 426:Éamon de Valera 414: 408: 340:Provisional IRA 316: 315: 311: 309:Provisional IRA 307: 302: 298: 282: 275: 268: 261: 256:Irish Civil War 240: 238: 237: 227: 225: 224: 223: 215: 213: 202: 184: 182: 172: 167: 152: 127: 117: 106: 100: 97: 54: 52: 42: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8564: 8554: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8501: 8500: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8444: 8439: 8437:Continuity IRA 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8386: 8372: 8371: 8368:Irish Republic 8353: 8352: 8350:Cumann na mBan 8347: 8342: 8337: 8335:Fianna Éireann 8324: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8288: 8286: 8280: 8277: 8276: 8264: 8263: 8256: 8249: 8241: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8212: 8210: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8141: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8125: 8123:Gerry Grainger 8120: 8115: 8110: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8095:Kathleen Lynch 8092: 8090:Linda Kavanagh 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8010:Eamonn Melaugh 8007: 8002: 8000:Martin O'Hagan 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7970:Henry McDonald 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7950:Francis Hughes 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7920:Billy McMillen 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7895:Ronnie Bunting 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7866: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7833: 7831: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7823: 7818: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7766: 7761: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7748: 7745:Workers' Party 7737: 7736: 7729: 7722: 7714: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7689:Stephen Tibble 7686: 7681: 7679:Norman Stronge 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7659:Ray Smallwoods 7656: 7648: 7640: 7638:Robert Seymour 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7598:Ross McWhirter 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7558:Andrew Kearney 7555: 7553:Donald Kaberry 7550: 7545: 7540: 7538:Maurice Gibson 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7478:Johnathan Ball 7475: 7469: 7467: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7452: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7409:Fianna Éireann 7406: 7404:Cumann na mBan 7400: 7398: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7342: 7340: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7236:Joe B. O'Hagan 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7196:Danny Morrison 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7171:Thomas McMahon 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7121:Gerry McGeough 7118: 7113: 7108: 7106:Thomas McElwee 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7061:Pearse McAuley 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6956:Francis Hughes 6953: 6951:Brendan Hughes 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6916:Kieran Fleming 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6881:Martin Doherty 6878: 6876:Kieran Doherty 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6856:Gerard Davison 6853: 6848: 6846:Eddie Copeland 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6826:Gabriel Cleary 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6801:Fergal Caraher 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6771:Patricia Black 6768: 6763: 6758: 6756:Declan Arthurs 6753: 6748: 6742: 6740: 6728: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6634:Camden bombing 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6555: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6506:Proxy bombings 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6448: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6286: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6078:Clogher attack 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6038:Claudy bombing 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5979: 5977: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5906:Chief of Staff 5902: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5845:HM Prison Maze 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5820:Barrack buster 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5782: 5780:The Green Book 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5742: 5741: 5734: 5727: 5719: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5695: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5685: 5683:1916–1921 Club 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5663:Fianna Éireann 5660: 5658:Cumann na mBan 5655: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5622:Joseph McGrath 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5582:Ernie O'Malley 5579: 5577:Michael Kilroy 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5552:Seán O'Hegarty 5549: 5547:Charlie Hurley 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5502:Seán Mac Mahon 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5457:Piaras Béaslaí 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5411: 5403: 5395: 5386: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5327:Burgery ambush 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5287:Clonfin ambush 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5267:Tooreen ambush 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5159:Irish Bulletin 5156: 5142: 5140:Irish Republic 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5092: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5069: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5005: 5000: 4992: 4984: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4958: 4956:Fianna Éireann 4953: 4951:Cumann na mBan 4947: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4937: 4935:Tarlach Ó hUid 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4830:Ernie O'Malley 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4796: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4756: 4748: 4740: 4734: 4726: 4718: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4689:Charlie Kerins 4686: 4678: 4670: 4662: 4654: 4646: 4638: 4630: 4622: 4614: 4606: 4598: 4590: 4582: 4576: 4568: 4559: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4530:Christmas Raid 4527: 4522: 4517: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4416: 4406: 4392: 4387: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4352: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4330: 4329:External links 4327: 4325: 4324: 4319:978-1291093186 4318: 4305: 4300:978-1781700068 4299: 4286: 4269: 4263: 4250: 4244: 4231: 4225: 4212: 4198: 4185: 4179: 4166: 4161:978-1843833765 4160: 4147: 4142:978-1856356046 4141: 4128: 4114: 4101: 4095: 4082: 4076: 4059: 4050: 4044: 4027: 4015: 4007: 4006: 3980: 3956: 3923: 3904: 3897: 3877: 3847: 3817: 3806:. 17 July 2013 3795: 3775: 3769:978-0748641123 3768: 3748: 3738: 3712: 3706:978-1788490788 3705: 3680: 3673: 3649: 3641: 3623: 3615: 3597: 3581: 3565: 3537: 3527: 3501: 3471: 3443: 3413: 3382: 3344: 3335: 3326: 3314: 3284: 3269: 3238: 3206: 3194: 3180: 3157: 3150: 3132: 3125: 3107: 3077: 3063: 3043: 3027: 3006: 2965: 2939: 2914: 2884: 2873:. 6 April 2022 2858: 2854:The Big Fellow 2845: 2833: 2803: 2776: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2766:Piaras Béaslaí 2762:The Irregulars 2746: 2743: 2722:. Its leader, 2661:active in the 2650: 2647: 2601:Main article: 2598: 2595: 2570: 2567: 2550: 2547: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2524: 2517: 2510: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2484: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2456: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2103: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2064: 2063: 2055: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2026:Fianna Éireann 2023: 2018: 2016:Continuity IRA 2013: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1820: 1818:Active parties 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1796:James Stephens 1793: 1788: 1783: 1781:Patrick Pearse 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1701:James Connolly 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1550:United Ireland 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1480: 1479: 1471: 1470: 1455: 1452: 1435: 1432: 1424:Charlie Kerins 1353:Operation Dove 1302:Christmas Raid 1238: 1235: 1231:George Gilmore 1163:Tarlach Ó hUid 1137: 1134: 1130:United Kingdom 1116:Main article: 1062: 1059: 927: 924: 912:George Gilmore 900:Garda Síochána 888:George Gilmore 878:in 1928. Many 860:Mary MacSwiney 811:United Kingdom 790:stance of the 763: 762:Post-Civil War 760: 577:County Wexford 548:W. T. Cosgrave 506:Main article: 503: 500: 473:Ernie O'Malley 461:Irish Republic 407: 404: 367:United Kingdom 318: 317: 303: 294: 293: 290: 289: 253: 249: 248: 221:United Kingdom 211: 207: 206: 204:United Kingdom 197: 193: 192: 190:Irish Republic 180: 176: 175: 170: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 142: 134: 133: 119: 118: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8563: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8448: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8390: 8385: 8381: 8380: 8379: 8378: 8377: 8369: 8366:(Army of the 8365: 8362: 8361: 8360: 8359: 8358: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8331: 8330: 8329: 8328:Easter Rising 8323: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8302:Young Ireland 8300: 8298: 8295: 8294: 8293: 8292: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8262: 8257: 8255: 8250: 8248: 8243: 8242: 8239: 8227: 8226:Gerard Weston 8224: 8222: 8221:John Barnhill 8219: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8130: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8105:Mick Finnegan 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8085:John Halligan 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8055:Eamon Gilmore 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8005:Eoghan Harris 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7995:Dominic Behan 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7975:Johnnie White 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7960:Mickey Devine 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7940:Eoin Ó Murchú 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7862:Personalities 7859: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7828: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7784:Popular front 7782: 7780: 7777: 7774: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7735: 7730: 7728: 7723: 7721: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7684:Richard Sykes 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7674:James Stronge 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7652: 7649: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7623:Thomas Oliver 7621: 7619: 7618:Robert Nairac 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7528:Joseph Fenton 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7513:Raymond Elder 7511: 7509: 7508:Eamon Collins 7506: 7504: 7503:Martin Cahill 7501: 7499: 7498:Matthew Burns 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7483:Anthony Berry 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7441: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7395: 7387: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7356:Joseph Fenton 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7346:Eamon Collins 7344: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7335:Espionage and 7333: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7316:Seamus Twomey 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7256:Dolours Price 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7211:Kieran Nugent 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7191:Arthur Morgan 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7181:Martin Meehan 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7156:Kevin McKenna 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7096:Joe McDonnell 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7066:Daniel McCann 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7036:Donna Maguire 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7026:Patrick Magee 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6966:Pearse Jordan 6964: 6962: 6961:Martin Hurson 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6841:Eamon Collins 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6806:Malachy Carey 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6796:Liam Campbell 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6781:Edward Butler 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6761:Thomas Begley 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6733: 6732:Personalities 6729: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6564:Clonoe ambush 6562: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6548: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6243:Jonesborough 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6033:Bloody Friday 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5941:Derry Brigade 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5840:Dirty protest 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5735: 5733: 5728: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5717: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5699:National Army 5697: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5572:George Lennon 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5542:Seán Mac Eoin 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5512:Andrew Cooney 5510: 5508: 5507:Stephen Behan 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5419:Personalities 5416: 5407: 5404: 5399: 5396: 5391: 5390:Cathal Brugha 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5379: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5262:Rineen ambush 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5169:Flying column 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5125:Easter Rising 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5090: 5085: 5083: 5078: 5076: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4996: 4993: 4988: 4985: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4885:Manus Canning 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4865:Dominic Behan 4863: 4861: 4860:Brendan Behan 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4840:Paddy McLogan 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4800:Cathal Brugha 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4792:Personalities 4789: 4780: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4760: 4757: 4752: 4749: 4744: 4741: 4735: 4730: 4729:Richard Burke 4727: 4722: 4719: 4714: 4711: 4706: 4703: 4698: 4695: 4690: 4687: 4682: 4679: 4674: 4671: 4666: 4663: 4658: 4655: 4650: 4647: 4642: 4641:Stephen Hayes 4639: 4634: 4631: 4626: 4623: 4618: 4615: 4610: 4609:Seán MacBride 4607: 4602: 4599: 4594: 4593:Andrew Cooney 4591: 4586: 4583: 4577: 4572: 4569: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4463:Plan Kathleen 4461: 4459: 4458:The Emergency 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4448:Abstentionism 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4360: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4321: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4296: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4266: 4264:0-09-174259-5 4260: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4180:0-7453-0317-X 4176: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4111: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4096:9780717137602 4092: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4036: 4035: 4028: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4013: 3994: 3990: 3984: 3977: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3930: 3928: 3921: 3920:1-84488-120-2 3917: 3913: 3908: 3900: 3898:9781430319344 3894: 3890: 3889: 3881: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3805: 3799: 3792: 3791:9780850340716 3788: 3785:, Pat Walsh, 3784: 3779: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3752: 3745: 3741: 3739:9781560009016 3735: 3731: 3726: 3725: 3716: 3708: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3676: 3674:1-56000-901-2 3670: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3653: 3644: 3642:9780099415220 3638: 3634: 3627: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3592: 3585: 3576: 3569: 3562: 3561:1-131-82692-2 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3545:J Bowyer Bell 3541: 3534: 3530: 3528:9781560009016 3524: 3520: 3515: 3514: 3505: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3460:. 2 July 2009 3459: 3458: 3453: 3447: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3339: 3330: 3323: 3318: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3235: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3198: 3191: 3190: 3184: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3153: 3151:9781476662589 3147: 3143: 3136: 3128: 3126:9781351474450 3122: 3118: 3111: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3066: 3064:9780297857464 3060: 3056: 3055: 3047: 3040: 3036: 3031: 3016: 3010: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2936: 2935:0-85342-684-8 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2918: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2872: 2868: 2862: 2855: 2849: 2842: 2837: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2646: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2610: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2591:Matt Merrigan 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2555:Paddy McLogan 2546: 2542: 2540: 2535: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2511: 2509: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2495: 2485: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2463: 2457: 2455: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2386:Irish Freedom 2384: 2382: 2381:IRIS Magazine 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2371:Evening Press 2369: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2178: 2177:Young Ireland 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2104: 2102: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2078:Irish Brigade 2076: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2008: 2007: 1999: 1998: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1897:Clann Éireann 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1776:John O'Mahony 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1736:Seán MacBride 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1686:Cathal Brugha 1684: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1603:Easter Rising 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1588:Fenian Rising 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1545:Republicanism 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1535:New Departure 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1500:Abstentionism 1498: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1460: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1412:Belfast Blitz 1407: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387:Denis Ireland 1385:devout, from 1384: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1361:Plan Kathleen 1358: 1357:Stephen Hayes 1354: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1310:Gerald Boland 1307: 1306:County Armagh 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294:Magazine Fort 1290: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1205:Eduard Hempel 1201: 1198: 1197:Nazi ideology 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1133: 1131: 1126: 1119: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1076: 1067: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1050:Seán MacBride 1046: 1044: 1040: 1039:Irish Brigade 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1008: 1003: 1001: 996: 994: 990: 985: 981: 975: 972: 968: 964: 959: 957: 949: 945: 941: 937: 932: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 871: 869: 865: 861: 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In the 2401:Sinn Féin 1980:Saor Éire 1859:Sinn Féin 1416:Luftwaffe 1185:Wehrmacht 1083:Thompsons 1007:Saor Éire 944:Sinn Féin 940:red scare 884:Saor Éire 754:in 1924. 555:, led by 502:Civil War 491:in Cork. 477:Tom Barry 418:Sinn Féin 210:Opponents 8460:Real IRA 7773:Timeline 7743:and the 7466:killings 5815:Weaponry 5789:Timeline 4423:Timeline 4208:59242981 3993:Archived 3972:Archived 3864:Archived 3834:Archived 3665:239, 240 3488:Archived 3430:Archived 3370:23193881 3301:Archived 3262:26 April 3256:Archived 3221:RTÉ News 3094:Archived 3054:A Memoir 2999:10 March 2993:Archived 2952:Archived 2901:Archived 2820:Archived 2790:Archived 2718:and the 2583:Portugal 2139:Real IRA 2047:Inactive 1520:Éire Nua 1494:Concepts 1167:War News 1145:such as 809:and the 655:Limerick 612:shotguns 442:Leinster 438:Connacht 353:against 8480:New IRA 8273:Ireland 7830:Actions 7752:General 7543:Ian Gow 6673:downing 6456:downing 6454:Gazelle 6247:downing 6245:Gazelle 5966:Actions 5753:General 5239:Actions 5103:General 4508:Attacks 4378:General 4282:5423465 3575:The IRA 3406:27 July 3358:Saothar 2692:Marxist 2626:in the 2205:Cabhair 2067:Defunct 2041:New IRA 1854:Saoradh 1562:History 1159:Curragh 971:fascist 946:to the 934:During 916:Kilrush 674:Kenmare 434:Munster 357:in the 200:Ireland 157:Leaders 85:scholar 8267:Armed 7424:NORAID 5409:(1922) 5185:& 5151:& 4990:(1931) 4754:(1958) 4738:(1957) 4732:(1957) 4684:(1942) 4676:(1942) 4668:(1942) 4652:(1941) 4612:(1936) 4574:(1922) 4566:(1922) 4425:& 4401:& 4316: 4297: 4280: 4261: 4242: 4223: 4206: 4196: 4177: 4158: 4139: 4122: 4112: 4093: 4074: 4042: 4022: 3999:15 May 3949:15 May 3918: 3895: 3789: 3766: 3736: 3703: 3671: 3639: 3613: 3559: 3525: 3464:16 May 3368: 3148: 3123: 3070:15 May 3061: 2958:15 May 2933: 2826:15 May 2796:15 May 2557:, and 2235:NORAID 2230:IRSCNA 2006:Active 1949:(1976) 1829:Éirígí 1675:People 1633:S-Plan 1444:Dublin 1372:Abwehr 1272:Abwehr 1268:S-Plan 1253:, and 1247:S-Plan 823:London 709:State 620:Dublin 446:Ulster 87: 80: 73: 66: 58: 8159:IMCWP 4124:38308 3366:JSTOR 3234:1939. 3020:2 May 2877:2 May 2360:Media 2220:IRPWA 1985:SLISO 1824:Aontú 1428:Garda 565:Kerry 496:Upnor 383:Irish 151:1922. 92:JSTOR 78:books 6671:Lynx 6387:Lynx 4314:ISBN 4295:ISBN 4278:OCLC 4259:ISBN 4240:ISBN 4221:ISBN 4204:OCLC 4194:ISBN 4175:ISBN 4156:ISBN 4137:ISBN 4120:OCLC 4110:ISBN 4091:ISBN 4072:ISBN 4040:ISBN 4020:ISBN 4001:2016 3951:2016 3916:ISBN 3893:ISBN 3872:2016 3842:2016 3812:2021 3787:ISBN 3764:ISBN 3734:ISBN 3701:ISBN 3669:ISBN 3637:ISBN 3611:ISBN 3557:ISBN 3523:ISBN 3496:2016 3466:2022 3438:2017 3408:2022 3377:2021 3309:2019 3264:2019 3229:2023 3146:ISBN 3121:ISBN 3102:2017 3072:2016 3059:ISBN 3022:2022 3001:2015 2960:2016 2931:ISBN 2909:2016 2879:2022 2828:2016 2798:2016 2733:The 2657:and 2622:and 2614:The 1399:1916 1381:, a 1316:and 821:and 779:OGPU 662:Cork 575:and 475:and 467:and 457:Dáil 444:and 342:and 322:The 64:news 3730:249 3519:224 2585:'s 1430:). 1395:RUC 1355:). 1191:". 948:IRA 817:in 777:'s 711:TDs 328:IRA 47:by 8512:: 7388:") 4202:. 4118:. 3991:. 3937:. 3926:^ 3862:. 3858:. 3832:. 3828:. 3742:. 3732:. 3683:^ 3667:. 3547:– 3531:. 3521:. 3486:. 3482:. 3454:. 3428:. 3424:. 3397:. 3360:. 3356:. 3295:. 3272:^ 3241:^ 3231:. 3218:. 3169:. 3092:. 3088:. 3037:, 2987:. 2968:^ 2950:. 2895:. 2869:. 2814:. 2755:A. 2730:. 2669:. 2638:. 1418:. 1249:, 1245:, 1177:. 1161:. 1149:, 1097:. 922:. 918:, 870:. 746:" 452:. 402:. 346:. 149:c. 8370:) 8260:e 8253:t 8246:v 8150:) 8146:( 7775:) 7771:( 7733:e 7726:t 7719:v 5791:) 5787:( 5738:e 5731:t 5724:v 5189:) 5181:( 5155:) 5147:( 5088:e 5081:t 5074:v 5014:) 5010:( 4429:) 4421:( 4415:) 4411:( 4405:) 4397:( 4363:e 4356:t 4349:v 4322:. 4303:. 4284:. 4267:. 4248:. 4229:. 4210:. 4183:. 4164:. 4145:. 4126:. 4099:. 4080:. 4048:. 4026:. 4003:. 3953:. 3901:. 3874:. 3844:. 3814:. 3772:. 3709:. 3677:. 3647:. 3645:. 3621:. 3619:. 3595:. 3579:. 3555:( 3498:. 3468:. 3440:. 3410:. 3379:. 3362:9 3311:. 3266:. 3154:. 3129:. 3104:. 3074:. 3024:. 3003:. 2962:. 2911:. 2881:. 2830:. 2800:. 2521:e 2514:t 2507:v 1274:. 781:. 704:. 529:. 326:( 132:) 128:( 114:) 108:( 103:) 99:( 89:· 82:· 75:· 68:· 41:.

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