Irrawaddy River - Knowledge

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depocenter, up to 60 m in thickness, has been deposited seaward in the Gulf of Martaban, extending to ~130 m water depth into the Martaban Depression. Further, 2) There is no evidence showing that modern sediment has accumulated or is transported into the Martaban Canyon; 3) There is a mud drape/blanket wrapping around the narrow western Myanmar Shelf in the eastern Bay of Bengal. The thickness of the mud deposit is up to 20 m nearshore and gradually thins to the slope at −300 m water depth, and likely escapes into the deep Andaman Trench; 4) The estimated total amount of Holocene sediments deposited offshore is ~1290 × 10 tons. If we assume this has mainly accumulated since the middle Holocene highstand (~6000 yr BP) like other major deltas, the historical annual mean depositional flux on the shelf would be 215 Mt/yr, which is equivalent to ~35% of the modern Ayeyarwady-Thanlwin rivers derived sediments; 5) Unlike other large river systems in Asia, such as the Yangtze and Mekong, this study indicates a bi-directional transport and depositional pattern controlled by the local currents that are influenced by tides, and seasonally varying monsoons winds and waves.

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plain to the east of the delta was described in November 1877 as covering 300 square kilometres (100 sq mi) and containing millions of birds. Immense colonies still bred in the area in 1910, but the birds had disappeared completely by 1939. Small numbers were regularly reported in the delta

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to Bhamo (1,080 kilometres (670 mi)) throughout the year, but from Bhamo to Myitkyina (200 km) for only seven months. More than 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) of navigable waterways exist in the Irrawaddy delta, and there is a system of connecting canals. The Sittang is usable by smaller

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Collectively, the modern Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) and Thanlwin (Salween) rivers deliver >600 Mt/yr of sediment to the sea. Most recent study shows: 1) There is little modern sediment accumulating on the shelf immediately off the Ayeyarwady River mouths. In contrast, a major mud wedge with a distal

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Today, the Irrawaddy is still the country's most important commercial waterway. Despite Mandalay's position as the chief rail and highway focus in northern Myanmar, a considerable amount of passenger and goods traffic moves by river. As the Irrawaddy Delta is one of the world's major rice-growing

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near the head of the delta is between a high of 32,600 cubic metres (1,150,000 cu ft) and a low of 2,300 cubic metres (81,000 cu ft) per second. The discharge can be as high as 40,393 cubic meter per second in the rainy season. Over a year, the discharge averages 15,112 cubic

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carried downstream by the river. As a result of heavy rainfall varying from 2,000 to 3,000 millimetres (79–118 in) a year in the delta, and the motion and sediment load of the river, the delta surface extends into the Andaman Sea at a rate of about 50 metres (160 ft) per year.

1742:) can be found in the southern part of the delta. The species was formerly abundant in coastal regions, but population numbers have decreased because of a combination of commercial skin hunting, habitat loss, drowning in fishing nets and over-collection of living animals to supply 1456:

The Irrawaddy river basin covers an approximate area of 255 81 km (31 sq mi). The Central Basin consists of the valley of the middle Irrawaddy and lower Chindwin. It lies within the 'dry zone' and consists almost entirely of plains covered with the

1472:. This is always high, except in the winter in certain localities. Humidity usually does not fall below 75% and is 90% or more for long periods during summer. Another feature is the prevalent southerly summer winds which erode the soil of the basin. 1283:, a range of 9.66 to 11.37 metres (31.7–37.3 ft) has been measured between low-water level and flood level respectively. Because of the monsoonal character of the rain, the highest point is recorded in August, the lowest in February. 2131:

is project manager of the Confluence Region Hydropower Projects. ParConfluence Region Hydropower Projects, several companies have been or are currently involved in the preparation, construction and financing of the 3,600 MW Myitsone Dam.

1703:) were once widespread throughout the country with numbers as high as 10,000 animals, but in the last decade numbers have dwindled, partly due to transferring the animals to logging camps. Other species reported to be present include the 4539: 2171:

Other consequences of the inundation include loss of farmland, loss of spawning habitat as fish can not swim upstream anymore. The Kachin Development Networking Group, a network of civil society groups and development organisations in

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warn this will lead to a loss of income for fishermen. They report locals are also worried about the flooding of cultural sites in the flood zone. As with other large dam projects, the Myitsone Dam construction will alter the

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concerns. According to the Irrawaddy Myitsone Dam Multipurpose Water Utilizing Project study, the maximum water level of the reservoir will be 290 metres. This makes for a flood zone of 766 km, compromising 47 villages.

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This variation in water level makes it necessary for ports along the river to have separate landing ports for low- and high-water. Still, low water levels have caused problems for ports along the river, as in the

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are found at elevations above 900 metres (3,000 ft). This evergreen forest passes into sub-tropical pine forest at about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) feet. Above 1,800 metres (5,900 ft), are forests of

3180:. Studies on Floradiversity of North-eastern Kachin Myanmar Section of Sino-himalaya (N'mai Hka-Than Lwin Water Division) – Ma Kalayar Lu, Myitkyina University, faculty of Botanics, 28-8-06. retrieved 6-12-2008. 2136:

Company has a key position, amidst Burmese Suntac Technologies and state-run Myanmar Electrical Power Enterprise, a state-owned utility enterprise responsible for power generation, transmission and distribution

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No complete and precise list of all the fish in the Irrawaddy river basin currently exists, but in 1996 it was estimated that there are about 200 species. In 2008, it was estimated that the Irrawaddy

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logs – Myanmar is one of the world's top exporters – are floated down the river as large rafts. Before it is transported, teak has to be seasoned, because otherwise it won't float. This happens by

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and the Irrawaddy confluence, lies entirely outside the tropics. Rain falls at all seasons of the year, but mostly in the summer. The valleys and lower hill ranges are covered with tropical and

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and was rebuilt in 1954 after Burmese independence and was the only bridge to span the Irrawaddy until recent times when a spate of bridge construction has been carried out by the government.

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earthquake that struck near the Myanmar-China border on 20 August 2008, prompted Naw Lar, the coordinator of the KDNG dam research project, to ask the junta to reconsider its dam projects.

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species of oceanic dolphin with a high and rounded forehead, lacking a beak. It is found in discontinuous sub-populations near sea coasts and in estuaries and rivers in parts of the

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rocks of the second defile. This defile is about 90 metres (300 ft) wide at its narrowest and is flanked by vertical cliffs about 60 to 90 metres (200–300 ft) high.

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from silting up, and dredging is necessary. The relief of the delta's landscape is low but not flat. The soils consist of fine silt, which is replenished continuously by fertile

1185:, and that its present westward course is geologically recent. Below its confluence with the Chindwin, the Irrawaddy continues to meander through the petroleum producing city of 1177:, after which it continues in a southwestern direction. It is probable that the upper Irrawaddy originally flowed south from Mandalay, discharging its water through the present 2873: 3950: 2112:

The power generated by the dams will be transmitted to other countries in the South-East Asian region, with most going to China. Other countries targeted for power export are

4581: 4080:(1972), Alfred W. McCoy with Cathleen B. Read and Leonard P. Adams II. Chapter 3 "The Colonial Legacy", paragraph "Burma: Sahibs in the Shan States. Retrieved 2 August 2009. 2432: 1994:

in Kachin State. The total planned output of all seven plants will be 15,160 MWs of electricity, making it the largest hydropower project in Myanmar, surpassing the 7100 MW

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On Thinner Ice 如履薄冰: signs of trouble from the Water Tower of Asia, where headwaters feed into all the great rivers of Asia (by GRIP, Asia Society and MediaStorm)

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built by the British colonial government in 1934, the only way across the Irrawaddy was by ferry. The bridge was destroyed by the retreating British Army during

1227:(Bassein) River, while the easternmost stream is the Yangon River, on the left bank of which stands Myanmar's former capital city, Yangon (Rangoon). Because the 1092:, about 240 kilometres (150 mi) south of the Mali and N'mai river confluence, is the northernmost city reachable by boat all year round although during the 4514: 2369: 3508: 1664:

in the 1940s, but no breeding sites were located. As of 2010, no pelicans have been recorded, and it may well be that the species is now extinct in Myanmar.

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from enriching riverbanks downstream, where it usually enriches the riverside food-producing plains. This can affect fertility as far downstream as the

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flats. From Mandalay (the former capital of the kingdom of Myanmar), the river makes an abrupt westward turn before curving southwest to unite with the

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was developed to support agriculture. The river is still of great importance as the largest commercial waterway of Myanmar. It also provides important

4234: 1223:(Henzada) and about 290 kilometres (180 mi) from its curved base, which faces the Andaman Sea. The westernmost distributary of the delta is the 2830: 2422: 4750: 2452: 4745: 3355: 3208: 2413: 4092: 3617: 3526: 3246: 2844: 4169:

China in Burma: The Increasing Investment of Chinese Multinational Corporations in Burma's Hydropower, Oil and Natural Gas and Mining Sectors

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It was at this river that a battle between a saltwater crocodile and a tiger was observed that ended with the reptile devouring the tiger.

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between the 2,000 to 3,000 metres (7,000–10,000 ft) mountain ridges. The rivers joining the Irrawaddy are, from north to south:

3823:(2017). "A new genus and three new species of nemacheilid loaches from northern Irrawaddy drainage, Myanmar (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)". 2757: 4469: 4121: 3488: 2960: 2337:, rebuilt in 1954 after the wartime destruction of the original bridge built in 1934, was the only bridge over the Irrawaddy until 1998. 1158:

from the fissure vents and covers an area of about 62 square kilometres (24 sq mi). The plateau is also known as Letha Taung.

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populations, five species are known to nest in Myanmar at well known island and mainland beaches known as turtle-banks. These are the

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shows a 38% decrease in discharge compared to where the river enters the delta. it also silted up around 278 tons of sand every year.

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Myanmar's Energy Sector: Banking on Natural Gas Myanmar's Energy Sector: Banking on Natural Gas In Chin Kin Wah & Daljit Singh

1077:. It is unnavigable because of the strong current whereas the smaller western branch, the Mali River, is navigable, despite a few 588: 911:

of both rivers. Environmental organisations have raised concerns about the project's ecological impact on the river's biodiverse

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and Mandalay, the course of the river is remarkably straight, flowing almost due south, except near Kabwet, where a sheet of

3575: 2148:, Yunnan Machinery Equipment Import & Export Company Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design and Research. 3593: 3449: 1954:, downstream from the confluence in the oil-field district, is a petroleum port. It is linked to Yangon by road and rail. 1343:

is not common in Myanmar, they do live in and near reserved forests. Attacks on people still occur in the Irrawaddy river.

3781:"Danio htamanthinus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species of miniature cyprinid fish from the Chindwin River in Myanmar" 3659: 2791: 900: 817: 813: 967:

in Buddhism and elephants were often a symbol for water and were used as the name for several other rivers, such as the

349: 193: 2521: 2141: 2128: 1979: 268: 509: 430: 3370: 3338: 3223: 3006: 2769: 1966:(Pathein). A ferry operates between Hinthada on the west bank and the railway station at Tharrawaw on the east bank. 1462: 1411:

The streams of the Nmai and Mali that form the Irrawaddy originate in high and remote mountains near the border with

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Along the north–south course of the Irrawaddy River, a number of notably different ecoregions can be distinguished.

907:, yielding a total of 13,360 MW, in the N'mai and Mali Rivers, including the 3600 MW Myitsone Dam at the 3505: 2861:

Adding the sections gives Irrawaddy a discharge of 476.9 cubic kilometers per year, which translates to 15,112 m/s

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tectonic plates meet, raised concerns about its earthquake resistance. Earthquakes in the region, such as the 5.3

4336: 4309: 4213: 4151: 3631: 2911:"Etimoloji Sözlükleri Üzerine Kısa Bir Değerlendirme, Tanımı ve r-'li Yabancı Kelimelerin Türkçeye Giriş Yolları" 3074: 2599: 2587: 1513:. However, most of the large animals including the tiger have been hunted out or seen their habitats disappear. 1475:

The natural habitats of this central zone have been much altered for farming and there are few protected areas.

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Catchment Area (000's sq-km) Chindwin River 115.30 Upper Ayeyarwady River 193.30 Lower Ayeyarwady River 95.60

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near 28° N. The eastern branch of the two, N'mai, is the largest and rises in the Languela Glacier north of

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Liu, J.P.; Kuehl, S.A.; Pierce, A.C.; Williams, J.; Blair, N.E.; Harris, C.; Aung, D.W.; Aye, Y.Y. (2020).

3556: 2127:, is located at the confluence of the Mali and N'Mai Rivers at the creation of the Irrawaddy. Although the 999: 4230: 4183: 3465: 1509:) which is cut for timber. The wildlife includes many birds, small mammals and reptiles such as the huge 4644:"Sr General Than Shwe attends opening of Anawrahta Bridge linking Chauk and Seikphyu on Ayeyawady River" 2801:. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. p. 2. Archived from 1918:

Commercial transportation on the Irrawaddy is maintained for about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi): from

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Below Bhamo the river makes a sharp westward swing, leaving the Bhamo alluvial basin to cut through the

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The Irrawaddy River has five major tributaries. As they flow through the northern tip of Myanmar – the

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occur in the delta, but their populations are small and scattered, with the possible exceptions of the

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As early as the sixth century, the river was used for trade and transport, and an extensive network of

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Hydrological Modeling of Large-scale Ungauged Basin Case Study: Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) Basin, Myanmar

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Due to its location and size, construction of the Myitsone Dam has raised significant ecological and

2145: 4700: 4299:(Eds.), Southeast Asian Affairs 2005 (pp. 257–289). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2732:[Chinese Scientists Verify Source of Four International Rivers, Including Yarlung Tsangpo]. 1270: 979:), which is found in the lower reaches of the river and known to help fishers who practice cast-net 4768: 4648: 4089: 3613: 3563:

by Ali Chavoshian, H. Ishidaira, K. Takeuchi, and J. Yoshitani, p. 6 fig. 6. Retrieved 18 July 2009

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is made into the heartwood. Other major goods that are transported from the nation's heartlands to

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lies 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the confluence and can be reached during the dry season.

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were using the Irrawaddy to gain power in the region through trade and transport on the China –

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deposited in the delta. The upper and central portions of the delta are almost entirely under

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to different communities and economic sectors, including agriculture, fisheries, and tourism.

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of fish have been described from the Irrawaddy river basin in recent years (for example, the

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of about 404,000 square kilometres (156,000 sq mi) covers 61% of the land area of

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The Irrawaddy River bisects Myanmar from north to south and empties through the nine-armed

4099:(2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 August 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica. 4066: 3985: 3928: 8: 4467:

Dam nation: A geographic census of American dams and their large-scale hydrologic impacts

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rains, which occur between mid-May and mid-October, the volume of the Irrawaddy and its

956: 3859: 3681:"Fate of Ayeyarwady and Thanlwin Rivers Sediments in the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal" 3000: 2930: 1932: 1625: 1427:

instead of monsoon (deciduous) forest. This region is characterised by subtropical and

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made for flourishing rice cultivation. Later, the river became a key economic tool of

4653: 4356: 4276: 4022: 3966: 3802: 3776: 3756: 3366: 3262: 3227: 3219: 3129: 3104: 3094: 2986: 2934: 2824: 2773: 2765: 2358: 2263: 2200:. The Mali and N'mai River confluence region falls within the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin 1617: 1385: 916: 893: 874: 573: 103: 34: 4111: 2874:"WRITING SYSTEMS: ROMANIZATION Government of the Union of Myanmar Notification 5/89" 1939:, transportation is carried on by steam or diesel vessels throughout the year up to 1632:), which occurs in flocks of many thousands along the outer coast of the delta. The 3851: 3820: 3792: 3700: 3020: 2922: 2403: 2379: 2346: 1983: 1773: 1557:, principally for rice. The southern portion of the ecoregion transitions into the 1335: 1198: 1182: 995: 904: 846: 834: 821: 807: 4486: 3903: 3877: 3383: 2569:

An island village on the Irrawaddy stays above water on stilts during the monsoons

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on the range of breeding spot-billed pelican populations, retrieved 8 August 2009

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California State University, Chico – The Symbolism of Elephants in Indian Culture

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Istanbul University Faculty of Letters Journal of Turkish Language and Literature

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Khon Ra, Director, Hydrology Branch, Irrigation Department (21 September 2011).

3995:, Asian Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, retrieved 8 August 2009. 3938:, Asian Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation. Retrieved 17 August 2009 3590: 3446: 3334:"All areas with P/PET ratio less than 0.65" according to the definition of the 2663: 2389: 2258: 2216: 1991: 1975: 1936: 1908: 1892: 1840: 1743: 1696: 1660: 1641: 1633: 1601: 1597: 1510: 1303: 1178: 1174: 1169:– the Bamar people's ancient cultural heartland – where large areas consist of 1135: 1120:

About 65 kilometres (40 mi) downstream from Myitkyinā is the first defile.

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The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalaya

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topic: Physical features » Physiography, paragraph 3. Retrieved 5-12-2008

2802: 4762: 4116: 4043:"Sea Turtles in Myanmar: Past and Present, Marine Turtle Newsletter 88:10–11" 2955: 2500: 2224: 1928: 1924: 1851: 1830: 1624:), which is very common. One of the most numerous wintering shorebird is the 1589: 1397: 1369: 1299:

sectors, the shallowest point is as shallow as 60 centimetres (2.0 ft).

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Document about the floradiversity in Northern Kachin, in the N'mai watershed

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The Chindwin valley has no railroad and relies heavily on river transport.

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for export are other foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton, and local commodities.

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Birds of the delta are both winter visitors and passage migrants including

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varies greatly throughout the year. In summer, the melting of the snow and

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The White Elephant: Or, the Hunters of Ava and the King of the Golden Foot

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was once widespread in Asia, but is not known to breed in Myanmar anymore.

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The delta of the Irrawaddy begins about 93 kilometres (58 mi) above

1189:, below which it flows generally southward. In its lower course, between 1186: 1147: 1070: 560: 555: 98: 4125:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 485. 2964:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 839. 2196:

of an area that is the border of the Indo-Burma and South Central China

1958:, near the apex of the delta, is the rail junction for lines leading to 3863: 3445:

Information about sediment dynamics in the Yangon River at the site of

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The location of the Myitsone Dam, located less than 100 km from a

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A population survey of the estuarine crocodile in the Ayeyarwady Delta

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in Shan State. The following data is available for the dam locations:

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is only a minor channel, the flow of water is insufficient to prevent

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Ridong Qu headwaters, southeast Tibet, China: The geographical source.

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Course, watershed, cities and major tributaries of the Irrawaddy River

4310:"YMEC ® Yunnan machinery & equipment import & export co.,LTD" 4256: 2446: 2436: 2373: 2248: 2178: 2164: 1688: 1538: 1534: 1465: 1428: 1416: 1348: 1124: 1097: 1065:. Both the N'mai and Mali Rivers find their sources in the Himalayan 983:. Though called the Irrawaddy dolphin, it has been also found in the 912: 119: 3855: 1549:

forests. It is an extremely fertile area because of the river-borne

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is home to 119–195 species of fish found nowhere else in the world (

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is no longer under construction at the convergence of these rivers.

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Gada Qu headwaters, southeast Tibet, China: The northernmost source.

46: 4007:, Oryx Volume 34 Issue 4, Pages 317 – 324. Retrieved 8 August 2009. 3725: 2540: 2383: 2313: 2308: 2298: 2273: 2235: 2182: 2113: 1955: 1944: 1919: 1904: 1864: 1835: 1809: 1585: 1542: 1469: 1360: 1352: 1292: 1276: 1257: 1236: 1220: 1170: 1151: 1109: 952: 943: 726: 159: 129: 4200:

Supervisory Office of Confluence Region Hydropower Project Opened

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rivers, it flows from north to south before emptying through the

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The Globe: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Map Society

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The Irrawaddy as seen from the Yadanabon Bridge looking towards

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A detailed documentation of sediment dynamics can be found in

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Variation between high and low water levels is also great. At

2695: 2407: 2293: 2288: 2253: 1951: 1888: 1884: 1720: 1716: 1659:) nested in huge numbers in south Myanmar. One colony on the 1562: 1546: 1412: 1288: 1280: 1190: 1165:, the river follows a broad, open course through the central 1155: 1131: 1089: 960: 882: 144: 124: 1899:

areas, one of the most important goods transported is rice.

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flow into the Andaman Sea through the Irrawaddy Delta. This

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topografische & klimatografische informatie over Kabwet

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route. By the twelfth century, a well-developed network of

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Rivers Network – Irrawaddy river blog and watershed webmap

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p. 39 (2008) Chiang Mai (Kachin Environment Organization,

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The predominant trees of the drier patches are the thorny

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Woman sailing in small boat along the west bank at Mingun

1947:, which is 57 miles (92 km) by river above Homalin. 1432: 1907:, a practice where a deep circular cut through bark and 1130:

About 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Mandalay, at

3775: 1695:), which have been reported from all Reserved Forests. 1096:

most of the river cannot be used by boats. The city of

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The river flows through or past the following cities:

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Capacity, Height and Length Data for the Dam Projects

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interests, who set up trading ports along its shores.

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Among the most well-known species in the river is the

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on 20 August 2008. Retrieved online 24 September 2009

4476:, Water Resrouces Research, Vol. 35(4) pp. 1305–1311 4440: 4420: 4388: 4387:(2008) Chiang Mai (Kachin Environment Organization, 4220:

7 May 2007. Paragraph 4. Retrieved 17 September 2009

3976:, Environment issue 1, 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2009 2792:"Water Quality Management at River Basin in Myanmar" 2653: 2208:

list of outstanding examples of biodiverse regions.

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metres (533,700 cu ft). Further North, at

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Saviours Sought To Halt Irrawaddy River Dam Project

3842:L. Dudley Stamp (May 1940). "The Irrawaddy River". 2487:The shores of Irrawaddy River near Nyaung-U, Bagan 1863:and floated down the Irrawaddy River, ashore near 903:signed an agreement for the construction of seven 3751:Allen, D.J.; S. Molur; B.A. Daniel, eds. (2010). 1451: 1415:. This part of Myanmar, which extends north from 1260:in Northern Burma add to the volume. The average 4760: 3746: 3744: 3153:"Lake Chiamay: Asia's Mythical Mother of Rivers" 1448:forest above 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) feet. 1112:, the Irrawaddy flows through three well-marked 1033:'s poem, the river is sometimes referred to as ' 4109:Brandis, Dietrich; Gamble, James Sykes (1911). 3841: 3234:. Page 115 paragraph 2, retrieved 16 July 2009/ 2983:The Ayeyarwady River and the Economy of Myanmar 2780:. Page 115 paragraph 2, retrieved July 16, 2009 4779:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests 4546:, 20 August 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2009. 2723: 2721: 2181:characteristics of the river, e.g. preventing 1142:has caused the river to bend sharply westward. 4108: 3741: 3608: 3606: 3533:Physiography, alinea 4. Retrieved 17-12-2008. 3447:National Center for Biotechnology Information 3426:Basic information about the Bago Division on 1134:, the river enters the third defile. Between 695:60,000 m/s (2,100,000 cu ft/s) 4586:Union Solidarity and Development Association 3819: 2829:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2799:Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA) 2189:, the major rice-producing area of Myanmar. 4676:"Minbu Bridge (Magway Region) – Structurae" 3103:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 173. 2718: 2539:Buffalo pulling logs from the Irrawaddy at 2151:At least one Japanese company is involved, 885:, and contains five of its largest cities. 675:15,112 m/s (533,700 cu ft/s) 3603: 2239:Irrawaddy River from Sagaing Hill, Sagaing 1982:in May 2007 for the construction of seven 1061:of the N'mai (Nam Gio) and Mali Rivers in 641:404,200 km (156,100 sq mi) 45: 4701:"The Nation's Longest Bridge Inaugurated" 3796: 3704: 3666:page 2. 1995 data, retrieved 16 July 2009 3616:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 July 2009. 3600:for the Irrawaddy. Retrieved 18 July 2009 3475:from Henzhada to the river mouth, in feet 2230: 861:. Originating from the confluence of the 685:2,300 m/s (81,000 cu ft/s) 4536:Earthquake Raises Concern over Mega Dams 4078:The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia 2382:(Yadanar Pone Bridge/New Ava Bridge) at 2357:(Innwa) Bridge, a 16 span rail and road 2340: 2324: 2234: 1870: 1850: 1725:Panthera pardus, P. tigris, Cuon alpinus 1520: 1478: 1334: 1322: 3674: 3672: 3591:UNC & GNRDC Composite Runoff Fields 3209:James R Penn (2001) Rivers of the World 3150: 2755:James R Penn (2001) Rivers of the World 2527:Traditional rivercraft on the Irrawaddy 1846: 1516: 1309: 818:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 4761: 4557:""Big Push" for Sustained Development" 4361:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4281:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4016: 3634:. Today in Myanmar. 25 February 2009. 3552:(2006), University of Yamanashi & 3093: 2605:Bamboo raft sailing down the Irrawaddy 1208: 1022:is a separate river, tributary to the 4487:"Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests" 4447:from the original on 27 February 2012 4237:from the original on 23 February 2012 3199:, paragraph 3. Retrieved 14 July 2009 2947: 2908: 1406: 933:The name "Irrawaddy" is derived from 845: 3669: 3413:Article about the Bago Mountains on 3365:, Twenty-First Century Books, 2007. 3316:from the original on 18 January 2017 3123: 2973: 2971: 1812:plains and relatively narrow upland 4512:Earth Quake Hits China-Burma Border 4421:Kachin Development Networking Group 4389:Kachin Development Networking Group 3620:from the original on 28 April 2015. 2977: 2727: 1879:As early as the sixth century, the 13: 3428:the site of the Myanmar Government 3336:Convention on Biological Diversity 3218:. Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC-Clio 2764:. Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC-Clio 2142:China Power Investment Corporation 2129:China Power Investment Corporation 1980:China Power Investment Corporation 1444:, and that in turn into evergreen 1057:The Irrawaddy River arises by the 998:, the Irrawaddy was also known to 963:in Hinduism. Saka is an important 14: 4790: 4722: 4147:(14 March 2009) Nawdin Lahpai on 3638:from the original on 7 March 2009 2968: 2593:Market on the west bank at Mingun 2192:Ecological concerns focus on the 1463:Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 4263:from the original on 22 May 2017 4067:Burma: Sahibs in the Shan States 3403:The Free Dictionary Encyclopedia 2656: 2634: 2622: 2610: 2598: 2586: 2574: 2562: 2547: 2532: 2520: 2508: 2492: 2480: 1875:Market activity in the Irrawaddy 1377:in 2017), and it is likely that 798: 33: 4693: 4668: 4636: 4604: 4574: 4549: 4528: 4505: 4479: 4459: 4433: 4401: 4369: 4329: 4302: 4289: 4249: 4223: 4193: 4161: 4129: 4102: 4083: 4060: 4035: 4010: 3998: 3979: 3960: 3941: 3922: 3896: 3870: 3835: 3813: 3769: 3713: 3650: 3624: 3584: 3566: 3536: 3517: 3498: 3478: 3459: 3439: 3420: 3407: 3395: 3376: 3348: 3328: 3298: 3275: 3256: 3237: 3202: 3183: 3164: 3144: 3117: 3087: 3068: 3038: 3013: 2881:United Nation World Stats Forum 2705:, meaning "abounding in riches" 2140:Chinese involvement comes from 1752:Despite recent declines in the 1040: 901:Myanmar's military dictatorship 4652:. 5 April 2001. Archived from 4588:. 7 April 2006. Archived from 4295:Tin Maung Maung Than. (2005). 4158:. Retrieved 17 September 2009. 3524:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3466:Profile of the Irrawaddy Delta 3415:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3244:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3100:Asian Marine Biology 14 (1997) 2941: 2909:Ölmez, Mehmet (28 June 2019). 2902: 2866: 2837: 2783: 2748: 2689: 2353:Until the construction of the 2158: 2123:The largest of the seven, the 1799: 1651:In the late 19th century, the 1452:The Central Basin and Lowlands 1243: 919:and the critically endangered 582: • coordinates 503: • coordinates 424: • coordinates 343: • coordinates 262: • coordinates 187: • coordinates 1: 4430:. Retrieved 22 September 2009 4398:. Retrieved 17 September 2009 4190:. Retrieved 17 September 2009 3614:"Irrawaddy River – hydrology" 3005:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 2712: 2581:Bamboo rafts by the Irrawaddy 2515:Travelling on the great river 2380:Ayeyarwady Bridge (Yadanabon) 2153:Kansai Electric Power Company 746:Second longest source length: 633:2,288 km (1,422 mi) 169:Physical characteristics 3706:10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106137 2948:Scott, James George (1911). 2845:"Water Resources of Myanmar" 2789: 2629:Irrawaddy river near Bu Paya 1808:– they cut long north–south 1533:The Irrawaddy River and its 1201:to the west and that of the 1150:, a volcanic field from the 951:in Pali) is the name of the 621: • elevation 542: • elevation 464: • elevation 383: • elevation 302: • elevation 226: • elevation 7: 4751:Earth from Space NASA image 4211:Myanmar Information Website 4021:. Nabu Press. p. 239. 3967:Disappearing Wild Elephants 3825:Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 2649: 2433:Ayeyarwady-Nyaungdon Bridge 1596:), about thirty species of 659: • location 568: • location 490: • location 411: • location 330: • location 252: • location 10: 4795: 3948:BirdLife Species Factsheet 3401:Rakhine Mountain Range on 2847:. AQUASTAT. Archived from 2728:Fei, Yu (22 August 2011). 2672:Irrawaddy Flotilla Company 2473: 2320: 1569:, islands, and meandering 1561:and is made up of fanlike 1506:Dipterocarpus tuberculatus 1503:) with stands of Indaing ( 1482: 1318: 1212: 1146:This sheet of lava is the 1103: 1052: 971:. It can also be based on 877:into the Andaman Sea. Its 857:) is the largest river in 691: • maximum 681: • minimum 671: • average 4216:17 September 2009 at the 4186:13 September 2017 at the 4181:EarthRights International 3904:"Irrawaddy Swamp Forests" 3878:"Myanmar Coast mangroves" 3798:10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.5 3151:Pearson, Michael (2018), 2146:China Southern Power Grid 1978:signed an agreement with 1667:Several species of large 1154:. This field consists of 1006:as the main river of the 838: 790: 744: 732: 716: 708: 703: 699: 689: 679: 669: 657: 649: 645: 637: 629: 619: 580: 566: 554: 550: 540: 501: 488: 480: 476: 472: 462: 422: 409: 399: 395: 391: 381: 341: 328: 318: 314: 310: 300: 260: 250: 242: 238: 234: 224: 185: 177: 173: 168: 112: 71: 61: 56: 44: 32: 23: 4649:The New Light of Myanmar 4561:Perspective, August 2000 4426:27 February 2012 at the 4415:29 December 2016 at the 4394:27 February 2012 at the 4383:29 December 2016 at the 4231:"Irrawaddy Myitsone Dam" 4175:29 December 2016 at the 4154:24 February 2017 at the 4143:29 December 2016 at the 4017:Dalton, William (2010). 3972:19 February 2010 at the 3844:The Geographical Journal 3755:. IUCN. pp. 22–23. 3596:29 December 2016 at the 3578:22 November 2010 at the 3511:29 December 2016 at the 3491:20 November 2008 at the 3471:22 February 2017 at the 3452:29 December 2016 at the 3389:5 September 2016 at the 3341:29 December 2016 at the 3282:Global Volcanism Program 3268:29 December 2016 at the 3176:19 December 2008 at the 3080:25 December 2009 at the 2682: 2463:Ayeyarwady-Dedaye Bridge 1161:Leaving this plateau at 928: 734: • right 546:147 m (482 ft) 39:Aerial view of the river 4465:William L. Graf (1999) 4122:Encyclopædia Britannica 3662:14 January 2009 at the 3361:11 January 2016 at the 3214:11 January 2016 at the 2961:Encyclopædia Britannica 2927:10.26650/tuded2019-0012 2760:11 January 2016 at the 2730:"中国科学家确定雅鲁藏布江等四条国际河流源头" 1969: 1758:olive ridley sea turtle 1677:Cervus unicolor equinus 1559:Burmese Coast mangroves 1495:and the hardwood dahat 1049:into the Indian Ocean. 782:Quwa Qu/Ridong Ermei ⟶ 718: • left 4746:NASA Earth Observatory 4491:Terrestrial Ecoregions 4072:28 August 2009 at the 3953:4 January 2009 at the 3908:Terrestrial Ecoregions 3882:Terrestrial Ecoregions 3657:Water Resources eAtlas 3506:The Journal of Geology 3456:. Retrieved 17/12/2008 3433:5 January 2009 at the 3084:retrieved 13 July 2009 2372:over the N'Mai Hka at 2350: 2338: 2240: 2231:Major cities and towns 1876: 1868: 1859:logs, made into large 1790:leatherback sea turtle 1786:Eretmochelys imbricata 1657:Pelecanus philippensis 1530: 1529:system along the coast 1344: 1332: 1108:Between Myitkyina and 852:official romanisation: 847:[ʔèjàwədìmjɪʔ] 806:This article contains 779:Longest source length: 468:3800 m (approximately) 387:4650 m (approximately) 306:4760 m (approximately) 230:4760 m (approximately) 4523:Sydney Morning Herald 4517:26 April 2012 at the 4493:. World Wildlife Fund 4409:Damming the Irrawaddy 4377:Damming the Irrawaddy 4095:28 April 2015 at the 3986:Irrawaddy Delta Fauna 3910:. World Wildlife Fund 3884:. World Wildlife Fund 3529:28 April 2015 at the 3495:retrieved 17-12-2008. 3249:28 April 2015 at the 3046:"Irrawaddy etymology" 2499:River Irrawaddy with 2344: 2328: 2238: 2198:biodiversity hotspots 1986:along the Irrawaddy, 1874: 1854: 1766:loggerhead sea turtle 1762:Lepidochelys olivacea 1648:) are also abundant. 1584:), a wide variety of 1524: 1485:Irrawaddy dry forests 1479:Irrawaddy dry forests 1400:and South-East Asia. 1390:Orcaella brevirostris 1338: 1326: 977:Orcaella brevirostris 604:15.85528°N 95.24083°E 525:25.70000°N 97.50000°E 446:27.74667°N 97.03472°E 365:28.53056°N 97.63194°E 284:28.76583°N 97.75028°E 209:28.73444°N 97.87250°E 4734:31 July 2020 at the 4542:27 July 2011 at the 3559:16 July 2017 at the 3354:Thomas Streissguth, 3190:Burma Rivers Network 2698:erawa.ti mrac. From 2370:Bala Min Htin Bridge 1847:Economy and politics 1794:Dermochelys coriacea 1782:hawksbill sea turtle 1622:Larus brunnicephalus 1598:migratory shorebirds 1517:Irrawaddy Delta Area 1501:Tectona hamiltoniana 1310:Sediments to the Sea 1035:The Road to Mandalay 625:0 m (0 ft) 4624:on 29 December 2016 4612:"myanmargeneva.org" 4582:"Roads and Bridges" 4343:on 29 December 2016 4316:on 29 December 2016 3991:15 May 2008 at the 3934:15 May 2008 at the 3929:Wetlands in Myanmar 3779:; M. Norén (2017). 3697:2020MGeol.423j6137L 3632:"Shallow Irrawaddy" 3548:11 May 2011 at the 3486:rainfall in Myanmar 3356:Myanmar in pictures 3287:14 May 2013 at the 3195:9 July 2009 at the 3126:"Irrawaddy Dolphin" 3056:on 17 February 2010 2554:The great river at 2003: 1736:saltwater crocodile 1713:crab-eating macaque 1673:Malayan sambar deer 1653:spot-billed pelican 1630:Charadrius mongolus 1582:Phalacrocorax carbo 1379:undescribed species 1341:saltwater crocodile 1329:spot-billed pelican 1209:The Irrawaddy Delta 1203:Pegu Yoma Mountains 1008:Hanthawaddy Kingdom 784:Gyita Qu/Kelao Luo: 754:Gyita Qu/Kelao Luo: 750:Kaidag Qu/Gadag Qu: 704:Basin features 600: / 521: / 442: / 361: / 280: / 205: / 4472:1 May 2011 at the 4205:1 May 2011 at the 3373:. Retrieved 16-12. 3095:Perrin, William F. 3025:www.britannica.com 2734:Xinhua News Agency 2443:Bo Myat Tun Bridge 2351: 2339: 2241: 2001: 1984:hydroelectric dams 1933:Tanintharyi Region 1877: 1869: 1740:Crocodylus porosus 1626:lesser sand plover 1614:Hydroprogne caspia 1606:Chlidonias hybrida 1531: 1492:Terminalia oliveri 1407:Northern Mountains 1365:Danio htamanthinus 1345: 1333: 1000:European explorers 905:hydroelectric dams 894:ecosystem services 609:15.85528; 95.24083 530:25.70000; 97.50000 451:27.74667; 97.03472 370:28.53056; 97.63194 289:28.76583; 97.75028 214:28.73444; 97.87250 4774:Rivers of Myanmar 4521:, article in the 4028:978-1-148-55210-1 3762:978-2-8317-1324-3 3382:Rakhine State op 3345:, retrieved 16-12 3232:978-1-57607-042-0 3110:978-962-209-462-8 2992:978-2-940443-06-2 2951:"Irrawaddy" 2808:on 16 August 2016 2778:978-1-57607-042-0 2359:cantilever bridge 2110: 2109: 1618:brown-headed gull 1386:Irrawaddy dolphin 1374:Malihkaia aligera 917:Irrawaddy dolphin 890:irrigation canals 875:Ayeyarwady Region 814:rendering support 794: 793: 574:Ayeyarwady Region 481:Source confluence 28: 4786: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4656:on 27 April 2011 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4623: 4617:. 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November 1999 4699: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4642: 4641: 4637: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4592:on 23 June 2008 4580: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4544:Wayback Machine 4533: 4529: 4519:Wayback Machine 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4485: 4484: 4480: 4474:Wayback Machine 4464: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4428:Wayback Machine 4417:Wayback Machine 4406: 4402: 4396:Wayback Machine 4385:Wayback Machine 4374: 4370: 4354: 4353: 4346: 4344: 4337:"Archived copy" 4335: 4334: 4330: 4319: 4317: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4294: 4290: 4274: 4273: 4266: 4264: 4257:"Archived copy" 4255: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4218:Wayback Machine 4207:Wayback Machine 4198: 4194: 4188:Wayback Machine 4177:Wayback Machine 4166: 4162: 4156:Wayback Machine 4145:Wayback Machine 4134: 4130: 4107: 4103: 4097:Wayback Machine 4090:Irrawaddy River 4088: 4084: 4074:Wayback Machine 4065: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4029: 4015: 4011: 4003: 3999: 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1744:crocodile farms 1701:Elephas maximus 1697:Asian elephants 1681:Indian hog deer 1638:Tringa glareola 1578:great cormorant 1545:and freshwater 1527:mangrove forest 1519: 1487: 1481: 1454: 1409: 1321: 1312: 1246: 1217: 1215:Irrawaddy Delta 1211: 1106: 1055: 1047:Irrawaddy Delta 1043: 1031:Rudyard Kipling 931: 871:Irrawaddy Delta 851: 842: 831:Irrawaddy River 827: 826: 825: 812:Without proper 803: 799: 781: 777: 772: 748: 733: 717: 690: 680: 670: 664:Irrawaddy Delta 658: 622: 608: 606: 602: 599: 594: 591: 589: 587: 586: 583: 569: 541: 529: 527: 523: 520: 515: 512: 510: 508: 507: 502: 489: 463: 458:(approximately) 450: 448: 444: 441: 436: 433: 431: 429: 428: 423: 410: 382: 377:(approximately) 369: 367: 363: 360: 355: 352: 350: 348: 347: 342: 329: 301: 296:(approximately) 288: 286: 282: 279: 274: 271: 269: 267: 266: 261: 251: 225: 213: 211: 207: 204: 199: 196: 194: 192: 191: 186: 164: 108: 52: 40: 25: 24:Irrawaddy River 17: 12: 11: 5: 4792: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4724: 4723:External links 4721: 4719: 4718: 4692: 4680:structurae.net 4667: 4635: 4603: 4573: 4548: 4527: 4504: 4478: 4458: 4432: 4400: 4368: 4328: 4301: 4288: 4248: 4222: 4192: 4160: 4128: 4117:Chisholm, Hugh 4101: 4082: 4059: 4047:seaturtle.org/ 4034: 4027: 4009: 3997: 3978: 3959: 3940: 3921: 3895: 3869: 3850:(5): 329–352. 3834: 3812: 3791:(4): 535–546. 3768: 3761: 3740: 3712: 3685:Marine Geology 3668: 3649: 3623: 3602: 3583: 3565: 3535: 3516: 3497: 3477: 3458: 3438: 3419: 3406: 3394: 3384:Travel Myanmar 3375: 3347: 3327: 3297: 3274: 3255: 3236: 3201: 3182: 3163: 3143: 3116: 3109: 3086: 3067: 3050:myanmar.gov.mm 3037: 3012: 2991: 2981:(1 May 2018). 2967: 2956:Chisholm, Hugh 2940: 2901: 2865: 2836: 2782: 2747: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2664:Myanmar portal 2651: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2640: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2561: 2559: 2553: 2546: 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River 1144: 1143: 1128: 1121: 1105: 1102: 1054: 1051: 1042: 1039: 930: 927: 879:drainage basin 822:Burmese script 816:, you may see 808:Burmese script 804: 797: 796: 795: 792: 791: 788: 787: 742: 741: 736: 730: 729: 723:Chindwin River 720: 714: 713: 710: 706: 705: 701: 700: 697: 696: 693: 687: 686: 683: 677: 676: 673: 667: 666: 661: 655: 654: 651: 647: 646: 643: 642: 639: 635: 634: 631: 627: 626: 623: 620: 617: 616: 584: 581: 578: 577: 570: 567: 564: 563: 558: 552: 551: 548: 547: 544: 538: 537: 505: 499: 498: 492: 486: 485: 482: 478: 477: 474: 473: 470: 469: 466: 460: 459: 426: 420: 419: 413: 407: 406: 401: 397: 396: 393: 392: 389: 388: 385: 379: 378: 345: 339: 338: 332: 326: 325: 320: 316: 315: 312: 311: 308: 307: 304: 298: 297: 264: 258: 257: 254: 248: 247: 244: 240: 239: 236: 235: 232: 231: 228: 222: 221: 189: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 171: 170: 166: 165: 163: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 116: 114: 110: 109: 107: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 75: 73: 72:States/Regions 69: 68: 63: 59: 58: 54: 53: 50: 42: 41: 38: 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4791: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4757: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4639: 4620: 4613: 4607: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4508: 4492: 4488: 4482: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4462: 4446: 4442: 4436: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4404: 4397: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4372: 4364: 4358: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4298: 4292: 4284: 4278: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4164: 4157: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4132: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4105: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4086: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4063: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4030: 4024: 4020: 4013: 4006: 4001: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3982: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3963: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3944: 3937: 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The modern 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 986: 985:Bay of Bengal 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 945: 940: 936: 926: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 897: 895: 891: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 848: 836: 832: 823: 819: 815: 811: 809: 789: 785: 780: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 758:Dulong River: 755: 751: 747: 743: 740: 737: 731: 728: 724: 721: 715: 711: 707: 702: 698: 694: 688: 684: 678: 674: 668: 665: 662: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 618: 613: 585: 579: 575: 571: 565: 562: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 539: 534: 506: 500: 497: 493: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 461: 455: 427: 421: 417: 414: 408: 405: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 380: 374: 346: 340: 336: 333: 327: 324: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 299: 293: 265: 259: 255: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 223: 218: 190: 184: 180: 176: 172: 167: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 117: 115: 111: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 77: 76: 74: 70: 67: 64: 60: 55: 48: 43: 36: 31: 22: 19: 4755: 4709:. 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Retrieved 3309: 3300: 3293:vulcanologic 3277: 3258: 3239: 3204: 3185: 3166: 3156: 3146: 3134:. Retrieved 3130:the original 3119: 3099: 3089: 3070: 3058:. Retrieved 3054:the original 3049: 3040: 3028:. Retrieved 3024: 3015: 2982: 2959: 2943: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2892:. Retrieved 2885:the original 2880: 2868: 2860: 2855:21 September 2853:. Retrieved 2849:the original 2839: 2817: 2810:. Retrieved 2803:the original 2798: 2785: 2750: 2738:. Retrieved 2736:(in Chinese) 2733: 2702: 2691: 2469:, March 2003 2414:Minbu Bridge 2410:, March 2001 2386:, April 2008 2363:World War II 2352: 2242: 2210: 2191: 2179:hydrological 2174:Kachin State 2170: 2165:sociological 2162: 2150: 2139: 2125:Myitsone Dam 2122: 2116:, India and 2111: 2025:Khaunglanphu 1973: 1949: 1917: 1897: 1878: 1826:Shweli River 1821:Taping River 1806:Kachin State 1803: 1793: 1785: 1777: 1769: 1761: 1751: 1748: 1739: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1709:Bengal tiger 1700: 1692: 1684: 1676: 1666: 1656: 1650: 1645: 1637: 1629: 1621: 1613: 1610:Caspian tern 1605: 1593: 1581: 1575: 1541:consists of 1532: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1474: 1455: 1410: 1402: 1389: 1383: 1372: 1363: 1346: 1313: 1301: 1285: 1274: 1247: 1229:Yangon River 1218: 1160: 1145: 1107: 1088:The town of 1087: 1083:Myitsone Dam 1063:Kachin State 1056: 1044: 1041:Physiography 1028: 1003: 993: 989:Indian Ocean 976: 948: 942: 938: 932: 925: 921:Ganges shark 898: 887: 854: 830: 828: 805: 783: 778: 773: 770:Andaman Sea: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 496:Kachin State 416:Kachin State 335:Kachin State 18: 4705:Perspective 4441:"Aksyu.com" 4347:15 February 4320:15 February 4149:Kachin News 3484:Map on the 2349:(Yadanabon) 2284:Yenangyaung 2269:Kyaukmyaung 2202:rainforests 2159:Controversy 1992:N'Mai River 1800:Tributaries 1788:), and the 1685:C. porcinus 1616:), and the 1594:Fulica atra 1567:oxbow lakes 1555:cultivation 1535:tributaries 1461:-dominated 1431:forests of 1421:subtropical 1370:stone loach 1357:new species 1355:). Several 1302:Within the 1254:tributaries 1244:Hydrography 1187:Yenangyaung 1163:Kyaukmyaung 1071:Upper Burma 994:During the 768:2,210 km ⟶ 709:Tributaries 607: / 561:Andaman Sea 528: / 449: / 368: / 323:N'Mai River 287: / 212: / 4763:Categories 4685:17 January 4628:17 January 4241:4 February 3691:: 106137. 3320:17 January 3124:Tint Tun. 3060:17 January 2921:(1): 121. 2713:References 2677:Ravi River 2331:Ava Bridge 2215:where the 2213:fault line 2194:inundation 2134:Asia World 2118:Bangladesh 2059:Length (m) 2033:Height (m) 1996:Tasang Dam 1974:Myanmar's 1754:sea turtle 1731:species). 1693:Sus scrofa 1425:rainforest 1423:evergreen 1394:euryhaline 1059:confluence 1020:Bago River 969:Achiravati 913:ecosystems 909:confluence 855:Ayeyarwady 843:pronounced 839:ဧရာဝတီမြစ် 786:56 km ⟶... 638:Basin size 595:95°14′27″E 592:15°51′19″N 434:27°44′48″N 404:Mali River 400:4th source 356:97°37′55″E 353:28°31′50″N 319:3rd source 272:28°45′57″N 243:2nd source 200:97°52′21″E 197:28°44′04″N 104:Ayeyarwady 27:ဧရာဝတီမြစ် 4711:6 October 4660:6 October 4596:6 October 4566:6 October 3914:17 August 3888:17 August 3733:18 August 3310:google.nl 3136:6 October 3001:cite book 2935:198780156 2447:Nyaungdon 2437:Nyaungdon 2374:Myitkyina 2249:Myitkyina 2225:magnitude 1935:. On the 1689:wild boar 1543:mangroves 1539:ecoregion 1466:ecoregion 1429:temperate 1417:Myitkyina 1349:ecoregion 1262:discharge 1250:monsoonal 1125:limestone 1098:Myitkyina 955:mount of 899:In 2007, 764:231 km ⟶ 760:182 km ⟶ 650:Discharge 576:, Myanmar 572:Ale-ywa, 516:97°30′0″E 513:25°42′0″N 494:Damphet, 418:, Myanmar 337:, Myanmar 275:97°45′1″E 120:Myitkyina 4732:Archived 4540:Archived 4515:Archived 4470:Archived 4445:Archived 4424:Archived 4413:Archived 4392:Archived 4381:Archived 4357:cite web 4277:cite web 4261:Archived 4235:Archived 4214:Archived 4203:Archived 4184:Archived 4173:Archived 4152:Archived 4141:Archived 4093:Archived 4070:Archived 4052:8 August 3989:Archived 3970:Archived 3951:Archived 3932:Archived 3831:: 80–99. 3807:27811706 3726:NBC News 3660:Archived 3636:Archived 3618:Archived 3594:Archived 3576:Archived 3557:Archived 3546:Archived 3527:Archived 3509:Archived 3489:Archived 3469:Archived 3450:Archived 3431:Archived 3387:Archived 3359:Archived 3339:Archived 3314:Archived 3295:ranking. 3285:Archived 3266:Archived 3247:Archived 3212:Archived 3193:Archived 3174:Archived 3097:(1997). 3078:Archived 3030:28 April 2825:cite web 2812:26 March 2758:Archived 2650:See also 2541:Mandalay 2392:between 2384:Mandalay 2314:Pantanaw 2309:Hinthada 2299:Nyaung-U 2274:Mandalay 2217:Eurasian 2183:sediment 2114:Thailand 2010:Myitsone 2007:Location 1956:Hinthada 1945:Tamanthi 1920:Hinthada 1905:girdling 1865:Mandalay 1855:Pulling 1836:Mu River 1810:alluvial 1717:wild dog 1586:Anatidae 1470:humidity 1381:remain. 1361:cyprinid 1293:Mandalay 1277:Mandalay 1258:glaciers 1237:alluvium 1221:Hinthada 1171:alluvial 1167:Dry Zone 1152:Holocene 1110:Mandalay 1094:monsoons 1067:glaciers 987:and the 953:elephant 944:Airāvatī 776:2,727 km 756:56 km ⟶ 752:48 km ⟶ 727:Mu River 437:97°2′5″E 160:Hinthada 130:Mandalay 84:Mandalay 57:Location 4209:on the 4179:(2008) 4119:(ed.). 3864:1787471 3785:Zootaxa 3693:Bibcode 3642:18 July 2985:. WWF. 2958:(ed.). 2740:5 March 2643:Sagaing 2474:Gallery 2398:Naung-U 2394:Pakokku 2335:Sagaing 2321:Bridges 2279:Sagaing 2264:Tagaung 1964:Bassein 1960:Kyangin 1941:Homalin 1909:sapwood 1814:valleys 1780:), the 1772:), the 1764:), the 1705:leopard 1687:), and 1608:), the 1571:streams 1563:marshes 1446:conifer 1353:endemic 1319:Ecology 1267:Sagaing 1248:Due to 1225:Pathein 1181:to the 1114:defiles 1104:Defiles 1053:Sources 1002:as the 981:fishing 973:Iravati 949:Erāvatī 939:Irāvatī 873:in the 859:Myanmar 835:Burmese 739:Myitnge 140:Pakokku 135:Sagaing 89:Sagaing 66:Myanmar 62:Country 4025: 3862: 3805: 3759: 3554:ICHARM 3369: 3230: 3222: 3107: 2989: 2933: 2894:3 July 2776: 2768: 2703:revatī 2556:Mingun 2467:Dedaye 2457:Maubin 2418:Magway 2221:Indian 2106:1,560 2028:Laiza 2022:Phizaw 2013:Chibwe 1990:, and 1913:Yangon 1889:canals 1881:Bamars 1727:, and 1721:otters 1719:, and 1669:mammal 1640:) and 1600:, the 1269:, the 1079:rapids 1029:After 1024:Yangon 774:Total: 712: 653: 630:Length 484: 246: 178:Source 150:Magway 113:Cities 94:Magway 79:Kachin 4622:(PDF) 4615:(PDF) 4115:. In 3860:JSTOR 3721:"MSN" 2954:. 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