3079:
1409:
3966:, madrasas were upgraded to centres of primary education. Post-independence, madrasas hold religious education classes before or after regular schools. The All Kerala Islamic Education Board were the first organization to conduct centralized examinations; subsequently, different schools of Islamic beliefs came forward to form their own Islamic education boards to train teachers and conduct centralized examinations: the Samastha Kerala Islam Matha Vidyabhyasa Board (SKIMVB), the Dakshiana Kerala Islam Matha Vidyabhyasa Board (DKIMVB), the Samastha Kerala Sunni Vidyabhyasa Board (SKSVB) and the Samastha Kerala Islamic Education Board (SKIEB). They are all grounded in
2295:
2688:. As the Portuguese tried to establish monopoly in spice trade, bitter naval battles with the zamorin ruler of Calicut became a common sight. The Portuguese naval forces attacked and looted the Muslim dominated port towns in the Kerala. Ships containing trading goods were drowned, often along with the crew. This activities, in the long run, resulted in the Muslims losing control of the spice trade they had dominated for more than five hundred years. Historians note that in the post-Portuguese period, once-rich Muslim traders turned inland (southern interior Malabar) in search of alternative occupations to commerce.
2039:
3692:
1307:
2777:
27:
3673:
6934:
6944:
3713:
6992:
1243:
758:
2307:
825:
2028:
3652:
157:
2705:(1921â22). The Muslim material strength - along with modern education, theological reform, and active participation in democratic process - recovered slowly after the 1921-22 Uprising. The Muslim numbers in state and central government posts remained staggeringly low. The Muslim literacy rate was only 5% in 1931.
1976:. Mappilas are but one among the many communities that forms the Muslim population of Kerala. According to some scholars, the Mappilas are the oldest settled Muslim community in South Asia. As per some studies, the term "Mappila" denotes not a single community but a variety of Malayali Muslims from Kerala (former
3588:
was a popular form of social entertainment. It was generally performed by a group of women, as a part of wedding ceremonies a day before the wedding day. The bride, dressed in all finery, covered with gold ornaments, is the chief "spectator"; she sits on a pitham, around which the singing and dancing
3571:
Vaikom
Muhammad Basheer (1910â1994), followed by, U. A. Khader, K. T. Muhammed, N. P. Muhammed and Moidu Padiyath are leading Kerala Muslim authors of the modern age. Muslim periodical literature and newspaper dailies â all in Malayalam â are also extensive and critically read among the Muslims. The
2712:
in the following years (c. 1970s). This widespread participation in the "Gulf Rush" produced huge economic and social benefits for the community. A great influx of funds from the earnings of the employed followed. Issues such as widespread poverty, unemployment, and educational backwardness began to
3228:
caste. Formerly a low status group among the
Muslims of Kerala. The other Mappilas used call them "Kadappurattukar", while themselves were known as "Angadikkar". The Kadappurattukar were divided into two endogamous groups on the basis of their occupation, "Valakkar" and "Bepukar". The Bepukar were
3564:
16th century. The ballads are compiled in complex blend of
Dravidian (Malayalam/Tamil) and Arabic, Persian/Urdu in a modified Arabic script. Mappila songs have a distinct cultural identity, as they sound a mix of the ethos and culture of Dravidian South India as well as West Asia. They deal with
2700:
and princely Hindu confederacy in 1792 over the
Kingdom of Mysore placed the Muslims once again in economical and cultural subjection. The subsequent partisan rule of British authorities throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries brought the landless Muslim peasants of Malabar District into a
3993:
Although the Kerala government does not have its own centralizing
Madrasa board, Kerala madrasas affiliate themselves to various madrasa boards backed by various religious institutions, based on different ideologies. Among them, the Samastha Kerala Islam Matha Vidyabhyasa Board (SKIMVB) is the
2487:
royal courts. Travellers have recorded the considerably huge presence of Muslim merchants and settlements of sojourning traders in most of the ports of Kerala. Immigration, intermarriage and missionary activity/conversion â secured by the common interest in the spice trade â helped in this
3194:
The largest community among the
Muslims of Kerala. As per some studies, the term "Mappila" denotes not a single community but a variety of Malayali Muslims from north Kerala (former Malabar District) of different ethnic origins. In south Kerala Malayali Muslims are not called
6107:
Social Groups of
Gujarat : Parsi, Kutchi Gurjar Kashtriya, Ahirs, Mughal, Dhangar, Meghwal, Charan, Nagar Brahmins, Mers, Sıddi, Lohar, Chhipa, Vaghela, Sulaymani, Gauda Brahmins, Gujarati Muslims, Kumhar, Memon People, LOhana, Hujaratı People, Rabari, Khateek, Samma,
3329:
ancient community of
Muslims, claiming Arab origin, originally settled at Bhatkal, Uttara Kannada. Speaks Navayati language. Once distributed in the towns of northern Kerala as a mercantile community. They are mainly distributed in the Northern parts of Malabar bordering
2713:
change. The
Muslims in Kerala are now considered as section of Indian Muslims marked by recovery, change, and positive involvement in the modern world. Malayali Muslim women are now not reluctant to join professional vocations and assuming leadership roles.
3416:
in
Malappuram District.The family was first settled in Mavvancheri in North Malabar and moved to Manjeri in the beginning of the 16th century. Many of the members of the family served as instructor in the use of fire-arms in the employ of various chiefs of
2691:
By the mid-18th century the majority of the Muslims of Kerala were landless labourers, poor fishermen and petty traders, and the community was in "a psychological retreat". The community tried to reverse the trend during the
1905:
2135:(c. 570 â 632 AD). Muslim tombstones with ancient dates, short inscriptions in medieval mosques, and rare Arab coin collections are the major sources of early Muslim presence on the Malabar Coast. Islam arrived in
4157:
Upadhyaya, U. Padmanabha. Coastal Karnataka: Studies in Folkloristic and Linguistic Traditions of Dakshina Kannada Region of the Western Coast of India. Udupi: Rashtrakavi Govind Pai Samshodhana Kendra, 1996.P-
2533:(14th century) has recorded the considerably huge presence of Muslim merchants and settlements of sojourning traders in most of the ports of Kerala. By the early decades of the 14th century, travellers speak of
3233:
In addition to the two endogamous groups there were other service castes like "Kabaru Kilakkunnavar", "Alakkukar", and "Ossans" in Pusalan settlements. Ossan occupied the lowest position in the old hierarchy.
5473:
The Edinburgh review: or critical journal â Sydney Smith, Lord Francis Jeffrey Jeffrey, Macvey Napier, Sir George Cornewall Lewis, William Empson, Harold Cox, Henry Reeve, Arthur Ralph Douglas Elliot (Hon.)
3631:
was an art form once performed in the Malabar region on the eve of the wedding. It was traditionally performed by a group of men from the groomâs side with the putiyappila (the groom) sitting in the middle.
6899:
3625:
was a traditional orchestral musical performance. It is basically the confluence of three musical instrumentsâkuzhal, chenda and cheriya chenda. Muttum Viliyum is also known by the name "Cheenimuttu".
1969:-speaking region in the south-western tip of India, through Middle Eastern merchants. The Indian coast has an ancient relation with West Asia and the Middle East, even during the pre-Islamic period.
2483:
was safe with the West Asian shipping magnates of Kerala ports. The Muslims were a major financial power to be reckoned with in the kingdoms of Kerala and had great political influence in the
3244:
the Ossans were the traditional barbers among the Muslims of Kerala. Formed the lowest rank in the old hierarchy, and were an indispensable part of the village community of Muslims of Kerala.
1984:
were known as Mouros da Terra, or Mouros Malabares in medieval period. Settled foreign Muslims of Kerala were known as Mouros da Arabia/Mouros de Meca. Unlike the common misconception, the
7042:
1999:) with the rest of the non-Muslim population and have a culture commonly regarded as the Malayali culture. Islam is the second largest practised religion in Kerala (26.56%) next to
3455:" speaking community. Migrated as cavalry men under various chiefs, especially in South Travancore. Some of them came South India along with the invasion of the Coromandel by the
7007:
4634:
P. P., Razak Abdul "Colonialism and community formation in Malabar: a study of muslims of Malabar" Unpublished PhD thesis (2013) Department of History, University of Calicut
2701:
condition of destitution, and this led to a series of uprisings (against the Hindu landlords and British administration). The series of violence eventually exploded as the
7077:
7017:
5666:
7072:
5440:
Muslim Architecture of South India: The Sultanate of Ma'bar and the Traditions of the Maritime Settlers on the Malabar and Coromandel Coasts (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Goa)
5122:
Muslim Architecture of South India: The Sultanate of Ma'bar and the Traditions of the Maritime Settlers on the Malabar and Coromandel Coasts (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Goa)
7102:
7012:
3487:: Muslims: community Stretching along the Tulunadu region. In Kerala they inhabits the coastal area of Kasargod district.They speak their own tongue which is called
7047:
6873:
7037:
3619:, a hand-held, one-sided flat tambourine or drumlike musical instrument. It is made of wood and animal skin, similar to the duff but a little thinner and bigger.
7097:
4420:
6958:
1408:
7177:
7137:
7032:
3565:
themes such as religion, satire, romance, heroism, and politics. Moyinkutty Vaidyar (1875â91) is generally considered as the poet laureate of Mappila Songs.
1910:
4988:
7162:
7117:
7087:
7082:
7208:
7127:
3950:) education systems in India which has been reformed in modern times to include non-religious and religious subjects. Muslim communities, specifically
2599:
explorers in the late 15th century checked the then well-established and wealthy Muslim community's progress. Following the discovery of sea route from
7167:
7112:
7067:
7062:
6980:
4060:
P. Shabna & K. Kalpana (2022) Re-making the self: Discourses of ideal Islamic womanhood in Kerala, Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 28:1, 24-43,
7152:
7132:
4092:
7052:
5868:
4480:
3442:. It is believed that the Nainars first settled in Kerala in the 15th century, entering into contract for certain works with the chiefs of Cochin.
3360:
once multilingual maritime trading community settled in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, the Palk Strait and Sri Lanka. The most famous of the Marakkar were "
6394:
5306:
7057:
6492:
3403:
3107:
school of religious law (known in Kerala as the traditionalist 'Sunnis') while a large minority follow modern movements that developed within
4647:
6219:
3976:, whereas the Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen Vidyabhyasa Board (KNM) and The Council for Islamic Education and Research (CIER) are rooted in
3343:
The origin of the name Naha is supposed to be a transformation of "nakhuda" which means captain of ship. Community concentrated mainly in
5289:
3954:, form literate communities amongst Muslims in India. Historically, madrasas used to impart primary education about the mosque and the
1988:
does exist among the Muslims of Kerala. The Muslims of Southern and Central Kerala or the erstwhile Kingdom of Travancore are known as
3958:
in it. Madrasas were non-residential, whilst residential facilities supported by mosques and the Muslim village community were called
3406:
origin. It is said that the name is a corruption of âKhawajaâ. Held administrative positions in the Kozhikode court of the zamorins.
6291:
1945:
2633:
during 16th-century CE is the first-ever known book fully based on the history of Kerala, written by a Keralite. It is written in
6848:
531:
5940:
4987:
Cereti, C. G. (2009). "The Pahlavi Signatures on the Quilon Copper Plates". In Sundermann, W.; Hintze, A.; de Blois, F. (eds.).
2592:. The "nakhudas", merchant magnates owning ships, spread their shipping and trading business interests across the Indian Ocean.
6988:
6973:
4198:"Sea, community and language: a study on the origin and development of Arabi- Malayalam language of mappila muslims of Malabar"
1897:
4709:
6468:
6198:
6116:
5987:
5950:
5923:
5844:
5540:
5506:
5448:
5421:
5383:
5206:
5164:
5130:
5040:
4891:
4857:
4820:
4759:
4552:
4516:
4120:
2120:(5th century BCE) records that in his time the cinnamon spice industry was monopolized by the Egyptians and the Phoenicians.
1271:
418:
3479:
community among Gujarati Hindus.They were mainly traders who had migrated to Central Kerala with the other Gujarati traders.
2003:. The calculated Muslim population (Indian Census, 2011) in Kerala state is 8,873,472. Most of the Muslims in Kerala follow
6909:
6573:
3595:
was a dance form popular among the Muslims. It was performed by a group of dozen young men with two sticks, similar to the
3568:
As the modern Malayali Muslim literature developed after the 1921â22 Uprising, religious publications dominated the field.
2056:
and it is still referred to as the "Garden of Spices" or as the "Spice Garden of India". Kerala's spices attracted ancient
1892:
3402:
Muslim community, in the city of Kozhikode forming a significant majority in Kozhikode and its adjoining areas. May be of
2123:
In the past, there were many Muslim traders in the ports of Malabar. There had been considerable trade relations between
1867:
1857:
1426:
5690:
1306:
4940:
1872:
6966:
6823:
6511:
6161:
5591:
5254:
4998:
4793:
4719:
4692:
4584:
4410:
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay."The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500â1650" Cambridge University Press, (2002)
4167:
3078:
1882:
1779:
1114:
596:
3929:
1834:
846:
196:
5745:
5613:
3997:
Since the 20th century, Arabic language classes have been implemented in Kerala for advanced religious education.
2549:, represented commercial interests of the Muslim merchants. In his account, Ibn Battutah mentions Shah Bandars in
6868:
6342:
6018:"The Keyi Mappila Muslim Merchants of Tellicherry and the Making of Coastal Cosmopolitanism on the Malabar Coast"
5723:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
4682:
2722:
2709:
1511:
788:
2167:. Mappilas are but one among the many communities that forms the Muslim population of Kerala. According to the
2044:
733:
5581:
4469:
Miller, Roland. E., "Mappila" in "The Encyclopedia of Islam". Volume VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 1987 pp. 458â56.
3491:. They are originally mercantile community, hece the name 'beary', from the Sanskrit word 'Vyapari'(merchant).
4326:
4000:
2718:
1794:
1496:
467:
5471:
3796:
rice are some of the other specialties. The characteristic use of spices is the hallmark of Mappila cuisineâ
5348:
1938:
499:
6419:
3145:
3058:
2341:
2299:
2168:
2152:
1917:
1048:
546:
373:
5942:
Kerala A Journey in Time Part II: Kingdom Of Cochin & Thekamkoor Rajyam; People Places and Potpourri
5532:
Kaleidoscopic Ethnicity: International Migration and the Reconstruction of Community Identities in India
3589:
take place. While the women sing, they clap their hands rhythmically and move around the bride in steps.
6658:
6316:
3171:
1799:
1153:
586:
6537:
5244:
5201:
M. G. S. Narayanan. "Kozhikkodinte Katha". Malayalam/Essays. Mathrubhumi Books. Second Edition (2017)
6904:
5310:
4379:
Kunhali, V. "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" PhD Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University (1986)
4287:
Miller, E. Roland. "Mappila Muslim Culture" State University of New York Press, Albany (2015); p. xi.
1887:
1516:
1421:
1264:
876:
834:
681:
393:
4671:
Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973; David de Beth Hillel, 1832; Lord, James Henry 1977.
4261:
7203:
6863:
6768:
6590:
6566:
3760:
food culture. This confluence of culinary cultures is best seen in the preparation of most dishes.
2537:
as the major port city in Kerala. Some of the important administrative positions in the kingdom of
2373:
2185:
1761:
613:
413:
5275:
Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, Cambridge University Press, 1997, 288
2151:
being introduced to Kerala as early as the seventh century CE. Notable has been the occurrence of
6366:
6255:
4048:
3605:(also called Dubh Muttu) was an art form prevalent among Muslims, using the traditional duff, or
3300:
3020:
1931:
1501:
1288:
871:
208:
5100:
7172:
7142:
6229:
5413:
4018:
3551:
2433:
2294:
1541:
1171:
856:
662:
428:
5496:
5438:
5373:
5120:
4881:
4847:
4810:
4233:"Poetics of Piety Devoting and Self Fashioning in the Mappila Literary Culture of South India"
2502:
which dates back to 10th century CE. It is a rare surviving document recording patronage by a
6818:
6783:
6738:
6530:
6252:"Madikeri, Coorg, "Gaddige Mohiyadeen Ratib" Islamic religious "dikr" is held once in a year"
5530:
5030:
4542:
4248:
4142:
3573:
2714:
2626:
1521:
1486:
889:
657:
482:
266:
221:
4197:
3505:
2717:, with the former Malabar District being its major catchment area, was established in 1968.
7182:
7107:
6708:
6703:
6598:
6526:
5407:
5285:
3576:", founded in 1934, played as significant role in the development of the Muslim community.
3155:
2734:
2621:
2461:
1814:
1809:
1336:
1257:
807:
76:
32:
8:
7157:
6888:
6828:
6803:
6718:
6698:
6648:
6618:
6608:
6559:
5882:
3838:
2887:
2654:
2510:
of Kerala. A 13th century granite inscription, written in a mixture of Old Malayalam and
2441:
2376:(1256â1327 AD) mention the Muslim communities in Kerala. Some historians assume that the
2244:
1862:
1819:
1431:
1416:
1206:
866:
781:
667:
301:
201:
5894:
5192:
VIII, no. 162, Madras: Govt of India, Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, 1932. p. 69.
7147:
6914:
6793:
6788:
6668:
6486:
5993:
5862:
4617:
3641:
3365:
3276:
3001:
2944:
2868:
2811:
2697:
2642:
2538:
2365:
2288:
2000:
1637:
1577:
1556:
1376:
851:
691:
648:
618:
601:
576:
521:
477:
189:
5801:
4508:
Striving for Sustainability: Environmental Stress and Democratic Initiatives in Kerala
3119:. Both the traditional Sunnis and Mujahids again have been divided to sub-identities.
6943:
6858:
6808:
6763:
6743:
6733:
6633:
6474:
6464:
6194:
6157:
6122:
6112:
6086:
6078:
6039:
5997:
5983:
5946:
5919:
5850:
5840:
5813:
5587:
5536:
5502:
5444:
5417:
5379:
5250:
5202:
5160:
5126:
5036:
4994:
4887:
4853:
4816:
4789:
4755:
4715:
4688:
4580:
4548:
4512:
4213:
4183:
4163:
4116:
2982:
2925:
2906:
2702:
2693:
2607:
in 1498, the Portuguese began to expand their territories and ruled the seas between
2596:
2586:
2280:
2272:
1829:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1391:
1386:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1321:
1148:
1126:
986:
742:
728:
696:
643:
556:
516:
378:
92:
5032:
Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi
3214:
The term Mappila is still in use in Malayalam to mean "bridegroom" or "son-in-law".
2310:
7122:
6833:
6748:
6728:
6613:
6603:
6186:
6149:
6142:"Diaspora Revisited: Second-Generation Nizari Ismaili Muslims of Gujarati Ancestry"
6070:
6029:
5975:
5890:
5809:
4969:
4609:
4236:
4205:
4108:
4061:
4043:
3812:
3452:
3368:. The Muslims of pure Middle Eastern descent held themselves superior to Marakkars.
3361:
3261:. People who had migrated from Middle East. Elders of a number of widely respected
3225:
2849:
2638:
2589:
2449:
1977:
1789:
1561:
1551:
1481:
1456:
1356:
1326:
1121:
541:
536:
487:
472:
457:
366:
245:
6178:
5716:
4065:
3311:
regions in kerala. Rowther sect is a prominent and prosperous muslim community in
2038:
1972:
Kerala Muslims or Malayali Muslims from north Kerala are generally referred to as
6878:
6813:
6778:
6713:
6693:
6683:
6643:
6628:
6623:
6190:
5564:
5154:
4783:
4749:
4506:
4446:
4013:
3987:
3951:
3749:
3547:
3468:
3390:
3296:
3189:
3159:
3141:
3131:âmainly two groups (majority of traditional Sunnis in Kerala are Shafiʽis).
3112:
3039:
2963:
2830:
2562:
2515:
2464:, has a granite foundation exhibiting 11thâ12th century architectural style. The
2348:. A number of foreign accounts have mentioned about the presence of considerable
2012:
1742:
1617:
1566:
1546:
1506:
1491:
1346:
1222:
1212:
1131:
861:
723:
676:
492:
452:
441:
423:
326:
271:
184:
128:
3265:
often served as the focal point of the Muslim community in old Malabar District.
7027:
7022:
6996:
6919:
6838:
6798:
6773:
6753:
6688:
6663:
6653:
6638:
6179:"The DaÊŸudi Bohra Tayyibis: Ideology, Literature, Learning and Social Practice"
6141:
5667:"Silver jubilee does not bring cheer to Karipur airport users â Times of India"
4170:. First All India Conference of Dravidian Linguistics, Thiruvananthapuram, 1973
4033:
4023:
3903:
3753:
3488:
3472:
3456:
3397:
3386:
3344:
3207:
2499:
2397:
1824:
1677:
1652:
1647:
1602:
1296:
1063:
991:
774:
636:
623:
581:
526:
140:
6251:
6153:
6034:
6017:
5967:
5764:
5694:
4812:
Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean
3691:
2721:, currently the twelfth busiest airport in India, was inaugurated in 1988. An
2637:
and contains pieces of information about the resistance put up by the navy of
49:
7197:
6937:
6758:
6723:
6678:
6673:
6582:
6478:
6126:
6082:
6043:
5979:
5854:
5016:
Colonialism and community formation in Malabar: a study of Muslims of Malabar
4217:
3609:, also called tappitta. Performers dance to the rhythm as they beat the duff.
3499:
2737:, the district-wise distribution of the Muslim population is as shown below:
2685:
2673:
2646:
2612:
2578:
2489:
2480:
2404:
mention Malabar ports in their works. The Arab writers had called this place
2389:
2353:
2284:
2268:
2176:
2128:
2105:
2085:
1852:
1804:
1784:
1612:
1607:
1587:
1466:
1366:
1073:
1006:
981:
976:
701:
606:
566:
5159:(Reprinted ed.). Department of Public Relations, Government of Kerala.
4944:
2298:
The earliest major epigraphic evidence of Muslim merchants in Kerala is the
4459:
Against Lord and State: Religion and Peasant Uprisings in Malabar 1836â1921
4038:
3978:
3893:
3797:
3596:
3463:
3431:
2582:
2469:
2401:
2140:
2101:
1877:
1662:
1592:
1476:
1247:
1227:
1141:
1055:
762:
708:
445:
177:
166:
26:
6458:
6090:
4608:(1). Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 53â70.
4380:
3994:
largest, with 80 percent of madrasa stating they are connected to Kerala.
2776:
6947:
5069:
A Survey of Kerala History, A. Sreedhara Menon, DC Books, Kottayam (2007)
4849:
The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine
3963:
3898:
3879:
3672:
3495:
3439:
3372:
3123:
3108:
3100:
2570:
2530:
2264:
2248:
2236:
2196:
2172:
2144:
2124:
2113:
2081:
2073:
2061:
2052:
Kerala has been a major spice exporter since 3000 BCE, according to
2016:
2004:
1642:
824:
815:
504:
462:
386:
72:
36:
4240:
4209:
3144:âwith different splinter factions (with varying degrees of puritanism).
2163:
and converted to Islam. Kerala Muslims are generally referred to as the
6058:
5621:
4621:
3999:
Islamic universities operate in Kerala, including Al Jamia Islamia and
3723:
3663:
3509:
3435:
3382:
3312:
3165:
3128:
3104:
2494:
2381:
2330:
2252:
2008:
1657:
1597:
1341:
1059:
509:
6074:
4600:
Fuller, C. J. (March 1976). "Kerala Christians and the Caste System".
3174:
in Kerala is located at Baitul Quddoos, G.H Road Kozhikode (Calicut).
2708:
A large number of Muslims of Kerala found extensive employment in the
6224:
6105:
5834:
5777:
5642:
4447:
Pg 461, Roland Miller, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol VI, Brill 1988
4232:
3942:
3826:
3727:
3525:
3513:
3331:
3280:
3272:
3175:
2696:
invasion of Malabar District (late 18th century). The victory of the
2616:
2604:
2534:
2519:
2385:
2357:
2326:
2322:
2256:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2117:
2069:
2031:
1996:
1966:
1632:
1188:
1136:
1013:
408:
124:
100:
84:
6460:
Quality enhancement in Madrasa education : an exploratory study
4635:
4613:
3532:
to Kerala. They form the major part of the Shia community in Kerala.
2011:
of thought, while a large minority follow modern movements (such as
6452:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6440:
4990:
Exegisti Monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams
4930:: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978
3888:
3801:
3557:
3446:
3355:
3348:
3324:
3308:
3304:
3288:
3258:
3151:
3116:
2677:
2558:
2484:
2380:
can be considered as the first native, settled Muslim community in
2369:
2232:
2180:
2160:
2132:
2109:
1737:
1702:
1622:
1571:
1381:
1069:
936:
929:
718:
686:
400:
334:
96:
4735:
4087:
T. Nandakumar, "54.72 % of population in Kerala are Hindus"
3908:
3884:
3870:
3861:
3817:
3786:
3765:
3741:
3731:
3658:
3529:
3421:
3413:
3338:
3268:
3262:
3248:
3219:
2666:
2630:
2550:
2526:
2377:
2361:
2276:
2175:
with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of
2164:
2065:
1989:
1973:
1732:
1707:
1331:
965:
896:
551:
228:
6551:
6437:
5498:
Firearms of the Islamic World: in the Tared Rajab Museum, Kuwait
3712:
2275:
in 661 CE. His grave is believed to be located on the island of
5088:. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. pp. 226â234.
4927:
4883:
Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles
3967:
3936:
According to K. Mohammed Basheer, Kerala has one of the oldest
3866:
3745:
3719:
3517:
3476:
3459:. Many of the Dakhnis had also come as traders and businessmen.
3427:
3412:: a community of Muslims, claiming Arab origin, settled around
3378:
3316:
3292:
3252:
3134:
3087:
3083:
2783:
2733:
The last Indian Census was conducted in 2011. According to the
2669:
2650:
2634:
2600:
2566:
2554:
2542:
2511:
2507:
2473:
2465:
2453:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2220:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2156:
2136:
1981:
1962:
1712:
1697:
1667:
1183:
1158:
1092:
1034:
1027:
1020:
946:
841:
571:
561:
350:
318:
310:
295:
289:
173:
88:
80:
68:
6513:
Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language
5583:
Cultural heritage of Kerala â A Sreedhara Menon â Google Books
5294:. London: Reprint. Asian Educational Services. pp. 19â47.
2653:. A copy of this edition has been preserved in the library of
6991:
4915:
Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.
4028:
3874:
3830:
3805:
3769:
3703:
3521:
3483:
3284:
3239:
2658:
2608:
2503:
2313:(shaded in dark blue) is the most-prominent school among the
2260:
2148:
2093:
2089:
2053:
2027:
1985:
1958:
1672:
1627:
1582:
1178:
1100:
1083:
906:
901:
713:
591:
282:
240:
233:
156:
148:
112:
5086:
Arab Relations with Malabar Coast from 9th to 16th centuries
4399:
Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast
4151:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4235:. The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad.
3955:
3792:
3757:
2681:
2574:
2104:, must have made the first long voyage to Kerala and other
2097:
2077:
2057:
1096:
969:
941:
916:
911:
342:
250:
6509:
5717:"Population By Religious Community â 2011 Census of India"
5330:
5328:
4964:
4962:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
3651:
2645:
from 1498 to 1583 against Portuguese attempts to colonize
3606:
3094:
2034:
trade routes. The spice trade was mainly by water (blue).
951:
4808:
3148:(K. N. M) is the largest Mujahid organisation in Kerala.
2672:
community of Kerala as well as the general condition of
5325:
5222:
Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806
5098:
4959:
4498:
4290:
2072:
to the Malabar Coast in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE.
6056:
4421:"Caste system exists among Muslims though not overtly"
4180:
Gulf Dream: For Indians The Golden Beaches Still gleam
3512:
community. Settled in a few major town in Kerala like
2541:, such as that of the port commissioner, were held by
2488:
development. The Koyilandy Jumu'ah Mosque contains an
6548:(1), 251â282. https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v18i1.1045
6343:"Calicut Biryani Recipe I Kozhikodan Biriyani Recipe"
6140:
Mukadam, Anjoom Amir; Mawani, Sharmina (2007-11-22).
3829:
is another popular item, which has an influence from
2388:(973â1048 CE) appears to be the first writer to call
5405:
5246:
Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation
4845:
4841:
4839:
4505:
Chattopadhyay, Srikumar; Franke, Richard W. (2006).
2557:(Ibrahim Shah Bandar and Muhammed Shah Bandar). The
6057:Ravindranath, D.; Injeti, M.S.; Busi, B.R. (1984).
5740:Shajahan Madampat, "Malappuram Isn't Mini Kashmir"
5371:
4504:
5573:
5566:Kerala District Gazetteers: Kozhikode (supplement)
4781:
4665:
4115:. State University of New York Press. p. xi.
3666:, is one of the common breakfast dishes in Malabar
3377:community of wealthy merchants, mainly settled in
2076:established trade with Kerala during this period.
5914:Schneider, David Murray; Gough, Kathleen (1974).
5765:Islamism and Social Reform in Kerala, South India
5399:
4879:
4836:
4802:
4747:
4540:
4202:Muallim Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
3203:A descendant of any native convert) to Islam (or)
2171:, the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at
1911:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989âpresent)
7195:
5436:
5378:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 293â294.
5365:
5118:
3347:, south of Kozhikode who trace their origins to
2179:, who converted to Islam during the lifetime of
2147:. Historians do not rule out the possibility of
5918:. University of California Press. p. 415.
5643:"Kozhikode Calicut International Airport (CCJ)"
5614:"Official website of Calicut University â Home"
5579:
5528:
5216:
5214:
5028:
4741:
2522:mentions a donation by the king to the mosque.
16:Overview of Islam in the Indian state of Kerala
6525:(The English translation of the historic book
5968:"Nakhuda Nuruddin Firuz at SomanÄtha: AD 1264"
5913:
5562:
4873:
4083:
4081:
3206:A descendant of a marriage alliance between a
1906:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1926â1989)
6974:
6567:
6139:
5494:
5195:
5102:Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I)
5022:
4976:. Vol. VI. E. J. Brill. pp. 458â66.
4711:India's National Security: Annual Review 2009
4628:
4478:
4404:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4325:Volume VI. Leiden E. J. Brill 1988 p. 458-66
4195:
4140:
3556:Mappila Songs (or Mappila Poems) is a famous
3426:a community of Tamil origin. Settled only in
1939:
1265:
782:
6228:. Chennai, India. 7 May 2006. Archived from
6212:
5867:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5341:
5284:
5211:
5105:. Madras Government Press. pp. 423â424.
4648:"Trade, not invasion brought Islam to India"
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4196:Kottaparamban, Musadhique (1 October 2019).
3170:Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at â Head Quarters of
2725:(IIM) was established at Kozhikode in 1996.
6997:Islam in India by state and union territory
6542:Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077)
6540:(Tiga Fatwa Perkahwinan di India Selatan).
6395:"Flavours unlimited from the Malabar coast"
5965:
5938:
5683:
5291:An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon
4639:
4078:
2344:of 9th century CE, granted by the ruler of
1995:Muslims in Kerala share a common language (
7209:Islam in India by state or union territory
6981:
6967:
6574:
6560:
6491:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5939:Pottamkulam, George Abraham (2021-06-11).
5535:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 51â.
5522:
5488:
5406:Henry Morse Stephens (1897). "Chapter 1".
5238:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5230:
4815:. Columbia University Press. p. 333.
4738:to Cheraman; Outlook Indian Magazine; 2012
4577:kabir:The Apposaitle of Hindu Muslim Unity
4575:Muhammed, Hedayuthabdulla (January 2009).
4536:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
3579:
3111:. The latter section consists of majority
2479:The monopoly of overseas spice trade from
1980:) of different origins. Native Muslims of
1946:
1932:
1272:
1258:
789:
775:
6176:
6033:
5972:Trade and Traders in Early Indian Society
5243:Nossiter, Thomas Johnson (January 1982).
4479:Pradeep Kumar, Kaavya (28 January 2014).
4330:
4103:
4101:
4099:
2143:rim, via spice and silk traders from the
6289:
5242:
5224:. Calicut: Norman Printing Bureau, 1938.
5083:
4680:
4574:
4442:
4440:
3471:speaking Gujarati ethnic group from the
3077:
2676:in the 16th century CE. With the end of
2649:. It was first printed and published in
2476:records its foundation year as 1124 CE.
2468:inscription on a copper slab within the
2305:
2293:
2283:(661â750 AD) coins were discovered from
2037:
2026:
6538:Three Fatwas on Marriage in South India
6529:written about the society of Kerala by
6456:
6388:
6386:
6340:
6015:
5569:. Superintendent of Government Presses.
5556:
5372:Sanjay Subrahmanyam (29 October 1998).
5298:
5227:
5184:
5182:
5146:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5059:
4525:
4463:
4268:
4136:
4134:
4132:
3856:are prepared by the Mappila community.
3210:individual and a native low caste woman
7196:
6392:
6367:"Chicken and rosewater biryani recipe"
6290:Sabhnani, Dhara Vora (June 14, 2019).
6059:"Anthropometric Variation among Koyas"
5806:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
5375:The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama
5092:
4986:
4968:
4748:Chitra Divakaruni (16 February 2011).
4599:
4481:"Of Kerala, Egypt, and the Spice link"
4107:
4096:
3922:
3095:Theological orientations/denominations
2267:islands, situated just to the west of
2259:town. According to popular tradition,
1898:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
6962:
6555:
6420:"Arikkadukka â Spicy Stuffed Mussels"
6285:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6273:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5347:A G Noorani. Islam in Kerala. Books
5152:
5114:
5112:
5035:. Popular Prakashan. pp. 54â55.
5013:
4917:Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.
4707:
4645:
4437:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4147:. Madras Government Press. p. 1.
3930:Religious education in Kerala § Islam
3911:made of flour, like a baked, layered
3271:: The Muslim community originated in
3099:Most of the Muslims of Kerala follow
6383:
6220:"Preserve identity of Mappila songs"
6103:
5179:
5072:
5056:
4943:. lakshadweep.nic.in. Archived from
4579:. Motilal Banarasidess. p. 47.
4541:A Sreedhara Menon (1 January 2007).
4230:
4129:
3869:paste covering a mixture of cashew,
3475:region. They are descended from the
3257:Claiming descent from the family of
2492:inscription written in a mixture of
1893:Muslim chronicles for Indian history
1868:All India Ulema & Mashaikh Board
63:Regions with significant populations
6510:S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942),
6463:. Newcastle upon Tyne. p. 18.
5966:Chakravarti, Ranabir (2020-06-09),
5895:10.1163/9789004206106_eifo_com_0673
4809:Edward Simpson; Kai Kresse (2008).
4401:. Cambridge University Press, 2018.
2042:Names, routes and locations of the
1858:All India Muslim Personal Law Board
13:
6503:
6270:
5832:
5749:
5495:Robert Elgood (15 November 1995).
5109:
4920:
4708:Kumar, Satish (27 February 2012).
4384:
3744:cuisine is a blend of traditional
3635:
3599:dance of Gujarat in Western India.
1873:Ahle Sunnat Movement in South Asia
14:
7220:
6581:
6292:"Straight from the Malabar Coast"
5529:Prema A. Kurien (7 August 2002).
5443:. Psychology Press. p. 147.
5437:Mehrdad Shokoohy (29 July 2003).
5125:. Psychology Press. p. 144.
5119:Mehrdad Shokoohy (29 July 2003).
3718:Halwas are popular in towns like
2336:The known earliest mention about
1883:All India Shia Personal Law Board
6990:
6942:
6933:
6932:
6185:, I.B.Tauris, pp. 331â354,
6183:A Modern History of the Ismailis
6016:Abraham, Santhosh (2017-10-04).
5814:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_com_0673
5188:Aiyer, K. V. Subrahmanya (ed.),
5099:Charles Alexander Innes (1908).
3928:This section is an excerpt from
3711:
3690:
3671:
3650:
3615:was an art form named after the
3364:", or the naval captains of the
3229:considered superior to Valakkar.
2775:
2684:lost their monopoly of trade in
2440:comes from a combination of the
2239:, and they are among the oldest
1835:Madeenathul Uloom Arabic College
1407:
1305:
1241:
823:
756:
155:
25:
6412:
6359:
6334:
6309:
6258:from the original on 2021-12-19
6244:
6170:
6133:
6097:
6050:
6022:Asian Review of World Histories
6009:
5974:, Routledge, pp. 220â242,
5959:
5932:
5907:
5875:
5826:
5794:
5770:
5734:
5709:
5659:
5635:
5606:
5464:
5430:
5352:
5278:
5269:
5007:
4980:
4933:
4907:
4775:
4728:
4701:
4674:
4593:
4568:
4472:
4451:
4413:
4054:
3323:Vattakkolis (the Bhatkalis) or
2235:, were built during the era of
2155:, the Hindu King that moved to
1535:Famous Families and ethnicities
31:A rebuilt structure of the old
6900:British Indian Ocean Territory
6393:Kurian, Shijo (July 2, 2014).
5501:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 164â.
5416:. Asian Educational Services.
4886:. Other Books. pp. 179â.
4511:. Concept Publishing Company.
4224:
4189:
4173:
3182:
2723:Indian Institute of Management
2665:also describes the history of
2045:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1780:Jami'a Nooriyya Arabic College
1:
6457:Basheer, K. Mohammed (2016).
6317:"Thalassery Chicken Biriyani"
5839:. State Univ Of New York Pr.
5336:Kerala History and its Makers
4846:Uri M. Kupferschmidt (1987).
4788:. M. E. Sharpe. p. 123.
4071:
4066:10.1080/12259276.2021.2010907
4001:Darul Huda Islamic University
3964:British colonisation of India
3790:(a type of rice pancake) and
3541:
2728:
2719:Calicut International Airport
2577:had the monopoly of trade in
2545:. The port commissioner, the
2108:. They must have brought the
2092:. The Arabs on the coasts of
1795:Darul Huda Islamic University
1497:Sayyid Sanaullah Makti Tangal
6533:during sixteenth century CE)
6191:10.5040/9780755610259.ch-013
6104:LLC., General Books (2011).
5618:www.universityofcalicut.info
5580:Sreedhara Menon, A. (2008).
5153:Menon, A. Sreedhara (1982).
4926:Pg 58, Cultural heritage of
4646:Sethi, Atul (24 June 2007).
4547:. DC Books. pp. 57â58.
2506:king (Bhaskara Ravi) to the
2159:to meet the Islamic prophet
7:
7008:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
5833:E., Miller, Roland (2016).
4993:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
4852:. Brill. pp. 458â459.
4782:Jonathan Goldstein (1999).
4321:Miller, R. E. "Mappila" in
4007:
3685:(mussels stuffed with rice)
3146:Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
2744:District wise map of Kerala
2424:is reminiscent of the word
2342:Quilon Syrian copper plates
2300:Quilon Syrian copper plates
2183:(c. 570â632). According to
2169:Legend of Cheraman Perumals
1918:Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
330:("Stories of the Prophets")
10:
7225:
6177:Qutbuddin, Tahera (2011),
5190:South Indian Inscriptions.
4880:Husain RaáčáčattÄáči (2007).
4681:Varghese, Theresa (2006).
4544:A Survey Of Kerala History
3927:
3639:
3545:
3536:
3172:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
3156:the Jama'at-i-Islami India
2774:
2698:English East India Company
2022:
1800:Markazu Saqafathi Sunniyya
7003:
6928:
6887:
6847:
6589:
6154:10.1017/9789048501069.008
6035:10.1163/22879811-12340009
4974:The Encyclopedia of Islam
4323:The Encyclopedia of Islam
4144:Malabar Manual (Volume-I)
3883:(ripe banana filled with
3865:(deep-fried, boiled ripe
3275:. Mainly they settled in
3224:Mostly converts from the
2460:(country/continent). The
2153:Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin
1888:Indian Muslim nationalism
1517:E. K. Aboobacker Musliyar
1049:Sunni schools of theology
123:
118:
111:
106:
67:
62:
48:
43:
24:
6649:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
6536:Muhsin, S. M. . (2021).
5980:10.4324/9781003084129-11
5647:www.kozhikodeairport.com
5084:Muhammad, K. M. (1999).
5029:A. RÄ KulakaráčÄ« (1996).
3984:Ta'alim al Islami Kerala
3679:Kallummakkaya nirachathu
3142:Salafists (the Mujahids)
3113:Salafists (the Mujahids)
2186:Qissat Shakarwati Farmad
2131:even before the time of
2084:were the first to enter
2015:) that developed within
1762:List of mosques in India
419:Medieval Islamic science
6910:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6424:Faces Places and Plates
6146:Global Indian Diasporas
5887:EncyclopĂ©die de lâIslam
5563:Kerala (India) (1962).
4751:The Palace of Illusions
4231:Kuzhiyan, Muneer Aram.
3833:. Various varieties of
3580:Kerala Muslim folk arts
3528:. Bohras migrated from
2356:. Arab writers such as
2287:in the eastern part of
2139:, a part of the larger
1691:Religious jurisprudence
1512:Panakkad Shihab Thangal
1502:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
847:Prophets and Messengers
7043:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
6516:, University of Madras
6341:Shamsul (2016-05-07).
5836:Mappila muslim culture
5414:Rulers of India series
5360:Mappila Muslim Culture
4425:The New Indian Express
4256:Cite journal requires
4141:William Logan (1887).
4113:Mappila Muslim Culture
4019:Arabi Malayalam script
3552:Arabi Malayalam script
3091:
2710:Persian Gulf countries
2629:(born around 1532) of
2333:
2303:
2247:. It is believed that
2116:. The Greek historian
2049:
2035:
1542:Islam in Uttar Pradesh
1115:Contemporary movements
930:Rightly-Guided Caliphs
857:Succession to Muhammad
429:Succession to Muhammad
77:States of Persian Gulf
6531:Zainuddin Makhdoom II
6321:The Take It Easy Chef
6111:. General Books LLC.
5014:Razak, Abdul (2013).
4913:Prange, Sebastian R.
4397:Prange, Sebastian R.
3948:othupalli / Palli Dar
3821:, popularly known as
3560:tradition emerged in
3199:A Mappila is either,
3081:
2715:University of Calicut
2627:Zainuddin Makhdoom II
2309:
2297:
2041:
2030:
1522:K. Ali Kutty Musliyar
1487:Zainuddin Makhdoom II
6824:United Arab Emirates
6527:Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen
5778:"Malayalam HomePage"
5767:Modern Asian Studies
5334:A. Sreedhara Menon.
5220:K. V. Krishna Iyer,
5156:The Legacy of Kerala
3808:are used profusely.
3662:, a pancake made of
3572:newspaper known as "
2735:2011 Census of India
2622:Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen
2372:(1273â1331 AD), and
2340:of Kerala is in the
2329:unlike from rest of
1815:Al Jamiatul Ashrafia
1810:Al-Jame-atul-Islamia
1337:Cheraman Juma Masjid
897:Declaration of Faith
468:Association football
33:Cheraman Juma Mosque
6851:limited recognition
5916:Matrilineal Kinship
5358:Roland E. Miller.
5313:on 21 December 2012
4972:(1988). "Mappila".
4687:. Stark World Pub.
3986:(Majlis) represent
3923:Religious education
3915:with rich filling,
3859:The snacks include
2663:Tuhfatul Mujahideen
2655:Al-Azhar University
2595:The arrival of the
2535:Calicut (Kozhikode)
2245:Indian Subcontinent
1863:Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
1820:Darul Uloom Deoband
229:Profession of Faith
202:Day of Resurrection
21:
6232:on 7 November 2012
5671:The Times of India
5338:. D C Books (2011)
4684:Stark World Kerala
3784:(soft flatbread),
3642:Thalassery cuisine
3366:Zamorin of Calicut
3092:
3059:Thiruvananthapuram
2643:Zamorin of Calicut
2539:Zamorin of Calicut
2462:Kodungallur Mosque
2396:. Authors such as
2366:Muhammad al-Idrisi
2352:population in the
2334:
2304:
2289:Ernakulam district
2050:
2036:
1847:Influential bodies
1726:Schools of thought
1578:Hyderabadi Muslims
1557:Rajasthani Muslims
1377:Kunhali Marakkar I
1154:Neo-traditionalism
19:
7191:
7190:
7078:Jammu and Kashmir
7018:Arunachal Pradesh
6956:
6955:
6893:other territories
6470:978-1-4438-5685-0
6200:978-1-84511-717-7
6118:978-0-7103-0849-8
6075:10.1159/000153449
5989:978-1-003-08412-9
5952:978-1-63873-514-4
5925:978-0-520-02529-5
5846:978-1-4384-5600-3
5542:978-0-8135-3089-5
5508:978-1-85043-963-9
5450:978-0-415-30207-4
5423:978-81-206-1524-3
5385:978-0-521-64629-1
5307:"Islam in Kerala"
5207:978-81-8267-114-0
5166:978-8-12643-798-6
5132:978-0-415-30207-4
5042:978-81-7154-579-7
4970:Miller, Roland E.
4893:978-81-903887-8-8
4859:978-90-04-07929-8
4822:978-0-231-70024-5
4785:The Jews of China
4761:978-0-330-47865-6
4754:. Pan Macmillan.
4554:978-81-264-1578-6
4518:978-81-8069-294-9
4457:Panikkar, K. N.,
4210:10.33306/mjssh/31
4184:Malayala Manorama
4122:978-1-4384-5601-0
4111:(27 April 2015).
4109:Miller, Roland E.
3880:pazham nirachathu
3362:Kunjali Marakkars
3178:Muslim Community.
3115:and the minority
3076:
3075:
2430:the land of hills
2112:of Kerala to the
2106:eastern countries
1956:
1955:
1472:Nizamuddin Auliya
1462:Moinuddin Chishti
1452:Sheikh Ubaidullah
1392:Malabar Rebellion
1387:Kingdom of Mysore
1372:Deccan sultanates
1362:Gujarat Sultanate
1352:Bahmani Sultanate
1322:Sheikh Ubaidullah
1282:
1281:
1127:Deobandi movement
799:
798:
729:Deobandi jihadism
134:
133:
7216:
7073:Himachal Pradesh
6995:
6994:
6983:
6976:
6969:
6960:
6959:
6946:
6936:
6935:
6905:Christmas Island
6591:Sovereign states
6576:
6569:
6562:
6553:
6552:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6497:
6496:
6490:
6482:
6454:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6416:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6287:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6037:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6005:
6004:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5945:. Notion Press.
5936:
5930:
5929:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5879:
5873:
5872:
5866:
5858:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5774:
5768:
5762:
5747:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5693:. Archived from
5687:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5620:. Archived from
5610:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5369:
5363:
5362:SUNY Press, 2015
5356:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5332:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5309:. Archived from
5302:
5296:
5295:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5240:
5225:
5218:
5209:
5199:
5193:
5186:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5116:
5107:
5106:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5081:
5070:
5067:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4937:
4931:
4924:
4918:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4843:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4745:
4739:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4643:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4538:
4523:
4522:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4444:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4402:
4395:
4382:
4377:
4328:
4319:
4288:
4285:
4266:
4265:
4259:
4254:
4252:
4244:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4193:
4187:
4177:
4171:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4138:
4127:
4126:
4105:
4094:
4091:August 26, 2015
4085:
4044:Sri Lankan Moors
3982:. The Majlis al
3715:
3694:
3675:
3654:
3263:Thangal families
3090:â District-wise.
3082:Distribution of
2779:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2703:Mappila Uprising
2639:Kunjali Marakkar
2590:Age of Discovery
2368:(1100â1165 AD),
2302:(9th century AD)
2054:Sumerian records
2048:(1st century CE)
1978:Malabar District
1948:
1941:
1934:
1790:Aliah University
1756:Mosques in India
1562:Gujarati Muslims
1552:Kashmiri Muslims
1482:Sarkar Waris Pak
1457:Malik bin Deenar
1411:
1357:Bengal Sultanate
1332:Cheraman Perumal
1327:Malik bin Deenar
1309:
1299:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1248:Islam portal
1246:
1245:
1244:
1122:Barelvi movement
1088:
1087:
1001:
1000:
827:
818:
812:
811:
801:
800:
791:
784:
777:
763:Islam portal
761:
760:
759:
159:
136:
135:
58:(26.56%) in 2011
57:
44:Total population
29:
22:
18:
7224:
7223:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7204:Islam in Kerala
7194:
7193:
7192:
7187:
6999:
6989:
6987:
6957:
6952:
6924:
6892:
6883:
6864:Northern Cyprus
6850:
6843:
6585:
6580:
6519:
6517:
6506:
6504:Further reading
6501:
6500:
6484:
6483:
6471:
6455:
6438:
6429:
6427:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6403:
6401:
6391:
6384:
6375:
6373:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6351:
6349:
6339:
6335:
6326:
6324:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6300:
6298:
6288:
6271:
6261:
6259:
6250:
6249:
6245:
6235:
6233:
6218:
6217:
6213:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6175:
6171:
6164:
6138:
6134:
6119:
6102:
6098:
6055:
6051:
6014:
6010:
6002:
6000:
5990:
5964:
5960:
5953:
5937:
5933:
5926:
5912:
5908:
5899:
5897:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5860:
5859:
5847:
5831:
5827:
5818:
5816:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5786:
5784:
5782:www.alislam.org
5776:
5775:
5771:
5763:
5750:
5744:21 August 2017
5739:
5735:
5726:
5724:
5721:Census of India
5715:
5714:
5710:
5700:
5698:
5691:"The Institute"
5689:
5688:
5684:
5675:
5673:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5651:
5649:
5641:
5640:
5636:
5627:
5625:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5578:
5574:
5561:
5557:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5527:
5523:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5493:
5489:
5479:
5477:
5470:
5469:
5465:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5435:
5431:
5424:
5404:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5370:
5366:
5357:
5353:
5346:
5342:
5333:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5283:
5279:
5274:
5270:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5241:
5228:
5219:
5212:
5200:
5196:
5187:
5180:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5151:
5147:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5117:
5110:
5097:
5093:
5082:
5073:
5068:
5057:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5027:
5023:
5012:
5008:
5001:
4985:
4981:
4967:
4960:
4950:
4948:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4925:
4921:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4844:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4807:
4803:
4796:
4780:
4776:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4746:
4742:
4733:
4729:
4722:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4679:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4656:
4654:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4629:
4614:10.2307/2800388
4598:
4594:
4587:
4573:
4569:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4539:
4526:
4519:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4487:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4456:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4429:
4427:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4396:
4385:
4378:
4331:
4320:
4291:
4286:
4269:
4257:
4255:
4246:
4245:
4229:
4225:
4194:
4190:
4178:
4174:
4156:
4152:
4139:
4130:
4123:
4106:
4097:
4086:
4079:
4074:
4057:
4049:Nasrani Mappila
4014:Arabi Malayalam
4010:
4005:
4004:
3988:Jamaat-e-Islami
3933:
3925:
3780:meaning meat),
3738:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3716:
3708:
3707:
3695:
3687:
3686:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3655:
3644:
3638:
3636:Mappila Cuisine
3582:
3554:
3548:Arabi Malayalam
3544:
3539:
3185:
3160:political Islam
3158:)ârepresenting
3097:
2743:
2731:
2563:Arakkal kingdom
2516:Muchundi Mosque
2500:Grantha scripts
2448:(hill) and the
2432:. According to
2263:was brought to
2025:
1952:
1923:
1922:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1618:Dakhini Muslims
1567:Konkani Muslims
1547:Bengali Muslims
1536:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1507:Syed Ahmad Khan
1492:Ahmad Raza Khan
1446:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1347:Delhi Sultanate
1317:
1297:
1278:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1213:Kutub al-Sittah
1202:
1194:
1193:
1174:
1164:
1163:
1117:
1107:
1106:
1081:
1080:
1051:
1041:
1040:
998:
997:
972:
957:
956:
932:
922:
921:
892:
882:
881:
837:
814:
813:
805:
804:
795:
757:
755:
748:
747:
724:Salafi jihadism
682:Other religions
677:Arabic language
639:
629:
628:
557:Moral teachings
448:
434:
433:
424:Spread of Islam
369:
359:
358:
346:(jurisprudence)
328:Qisas al-Anbiya
277:
276:
256:
255:
224:
214:
213:
169:
129:Arabi Malayalam
52:
39:
20:Islam in Kerala
17:
12:
11:
5:
7222:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7103:Madhya Pradesh
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7013:Andhra Pradesh
7010:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6986:
6985:
6978:
6971:
6963:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6940:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6896:
6894:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6595:
6593:
6587:
6586:
6583:Islam in Asia
6579:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6534:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6469:
6436:
6411:
6382:
6358:
6333:
6308:
6269:
6243:
6211:
6199:
6169:
6162:
6132:
6117:
6096:
6069:(2): 131â132.
6063:Human Heredity
6049:
6028:(2): 145â162.
6008:
5988:
5958:
5951:
5931:
5924:
5906:
5874:
5845:
5825:
5793:
5769:
5748:
5733:
5708:
5682:
5658:
5634:
5605:
5592:
5572:
5555:
5541:
5521:
5507:
5487:
5463:
5449:
5429:
5422:
5398:
5384:
5364:
5351:
5340:
5324:
5297:
5277:
5268:
5255:
5226:
5210:
5194:
5178:
5165:
5145:
5131:
5108:
5091:
5071:
5055:
5041:
5021:
5006:
4999:
4979:
4958:
4947:on 14 May 2012
4932:
4919:
4906:
4892:
4872:
4858:
4835:
4821:
4801:
4794:
4774:
4760:
4740:
4734:Minu Ittyipe;
4727:
4720:
4700:
4693:
4673:
4664:
4652:Times of India
4638:
4627:
4604:. New Series.
4592:
4585:
4567:
4553:
4524:
4517:
4497:
4471:
4462:
4450:
4436:
4412:
4403:
4383:
4329:
4289:
4267:
4258:|journal=
4223:
4188:
4186:Yearbook 1990;
4172:
4150:
4128:
4121:
4095:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4034:Beary language
4031:
4026:
4024:Onam and Islam
4021:
4016:
4009:
4006:
3934:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3904:chatti pathiri
3717:
3710:
3709:
3696:
3689:
3688:
3677:
3670:
3669:
3656:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3623:Muttum Viliyum
3620:
3610:
3600:
3590:
3581:
3578:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3492:
3489:Beary language
3480:
3460:
3443:
3418:
3407:
3394:
3387:Parappanangadi
3369:
3352:
3345:Parappanangadi
3335:
3320:
3301:Pathanamthitta
3266:
3245:
3231:
3230:
3212:
3211:
3208:Middle Eastern
3204:
3197:
3196:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3168:
3163:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3096:
3093:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3021:Pathanamthitta
3017:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2730:
2727:
2641:alongside the
2398:Ibn Khordadbeh
2364:(896â956 AD),
2311:ShafiÊœi school
2024:
2021:
2009:ShÄfiÊżÄ« School
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1830:Ma'din Academy
1827:
1825:Manzar-e-Islam
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:Shershahabadia
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1648:Iraqi Biradari
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Bihari Muslims
1600:
1595:
1590:
1588:Dawoodi Bohras
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1427:Indo-Saracenic
1424:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1298:Islam in India
1293:
1292:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
973:
963:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
949:
944:
939:
933:
928:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
874:
872:Predestination
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
838:
833:
832:
829:
828:
820:
819:
797:
796:
794:
793:
786:
779:
771:
768:
767:
766:
765:
750:
749:
746:
745:
739:
738:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
711:
706:
705:
704:
699:
689:
684:
679:
673:
672:
671:
670:
665:
660:
652:
651:
646:
640:
637:Related topics
635:
634:
631:
630:
627:
626:
621:
619:Social welfare
616:
611:
610:
609:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
513:
512:
507:
497:
496:
495:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
449:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
405:
404:
397:
390:
382:
381:
376:
370:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
348:
339:
338:
332:
324:
316:
307:
306:
286:
278:
275:
274:
269:
263:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
248:
243:
237:
236:
231:
225:
220:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
209:Predestination
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
190:Revealed Books
187:
181:
180:
170:
165:
164:
161:
160:
152:
151:
145:
144:
132:
131:
121:
120:
116:
115:
109:
108:
104:
103:
65:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
41:
40:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7221:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7173:Uttar Pradesh
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7048:Daman and Diu
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7002:
6998:
6993:
6984:
6979:
6977:
6972:
6970:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6939:
6931:
6930:
6927:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6890:
6886:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6874:South Ossetia
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6846:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6577:
6572:
6570:
6565:
6563:
6558:
6557:
6554:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6515:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6494:
6488:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6466:
6462:
6461:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6425:
6421:
6415:
6400:
6396:
6389:
6387:
6372:
6368:
6362:
6348:
6344:
6337:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6297:
6293:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6257:
6253:
6247:
6231:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6215:
6202:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6173:
6165:
6163:9789048501069
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6136:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6114:
6110:
6109:
6100:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6053:
6045:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6012:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5962:
5954:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5935:
5927:
5921:
5917:
5910:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5878:
5870:
5864:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5829:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5797:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5766:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5746:
5743:
5737:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5697:on 8 May 2017
5696:
5692:
5686:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5624:on 2018-01-11
5623:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5595:
5593:9788126419036
5589:
5585:
5584:
5576:
5568:
5567:
5559:
5544:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5525:
5510:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5491:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5452:
5446:
5442:
5441:
5433:
5425:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5402:
5387:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5368:
5361:
5355:
5349:
5344:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5312:
5308:
5301:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5272:
5258:
5256:9780520046672
5252:
5248:
5247:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5223:
5217:
5215:
5208:
5204:
5198:
5191:
5185:
5183:
5168:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5149:
5134:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5115:
5113:
5104:
5103:
5095:
5087:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5044:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5010:
5002:
5000:9783447059374
4996:
4992:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4929:
4923:
4916:
4910:
4895:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4876:
4861:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4842:
4840:
4824:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4805:
4797:
4795:9780765601049
4791:
4787:
4786:
4778:
4763:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4744:
4737:
4731:
4723:
4721:9781136704918
4717:
4714:. Routledge.
4713:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4694:9788190250511
4690:
4686:
4685:
4677:
4668:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4636:
4631:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4596:
4588:
4586:9788120833739
4582:
4578:
4571:
4556:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4520:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4501:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4407:
4400:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4381:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4327:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4263:
4250:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4169:
4168:81-86668-06-3
4165:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4145:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4093:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4029:Beary Muslims
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3962:. During the
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3762:Kallummakkaya
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3653:
3643:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3613:Arabana muttu
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3467:: They are a
3466:
3465:
3464:Kutchi Memons
3461:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2686:Malabar Coast
2683:
2679:
2675:
2674:Malabar Coast
2671:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2647:Malabar coast
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2615:and south to
2614:
2613:Malabar Coast
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2579:Malabar Coast
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2490:Old Malayalam
2486:
2482:
2481:Malabar Coast
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:Madayi Mosque
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2434:William Logan
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2390:Malabar Coast
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:Malabar Coast
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:Kothamangalam
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2269:Malabar Coast
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2177:Chera dynasty
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2129:Malabar Coast
2126:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:Malabar Coast
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:Muslim Jamaat
1851:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Jamiatur Raza
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:Jamia Nizamia
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Arabs (India)
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Tamil Muslims
1611:
1609:
1608:Oriya Muslims
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:Bakhtiar Kaki
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1445:Major figures
1442:
1441:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:Mughal Empire
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1074:Ahl al-Hadith
1071:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1002:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
971:
967:
961:
960:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
931:
926:
925:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
891:
886:
885:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
867:Judgement Day
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
836:
831:
830:
826:
822:
821:
817:
809:
803:
802:
792:
787:
785:
780:
778:
773:
772:
770:
769:
764:
754:
753:
752:
751:
744:
741:
740:
735:
734:Military laws
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
715:
712:
710:
707:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
654:
653:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
638:
633:
632:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
592:Proselytizing
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
501:
500:Denominations
498:
494:
491:
490:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
447:
443:
438:
437:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
398:
396:
395:
391:
389:
388:
384:
383:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
368:
363:
362:
355:
353:
349:
347:
345:
341:
340:
336:
333:
331:
329:
325:
323:
321:
317:
315:
313:
309:
308:
304:
303:
298:
297:
292:
291:
287:
285:
284:
280:
279:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
260:
259:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
223:
218:
217:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
179:
175:
172:
171:
168:
163:
162:
158:
154:
153:
150:
147:
146:
142:
138:
137:
130:
126:
122:
117:
114:
110:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
56:
51:
47:
42:
38:
34:
28:
23:
7092:
7038:Chhattisgarh
6889:Dependencies
6819:Turkmenistan
6784:Saudi Arabia
6545:
6541:
6518:, retrieved
6512:
6459:
6428:. Retrieved
6426:. 2020-06-30
6423:
6414:
6402:. Retrieved
6398:
6374:. Retrieved
6370:
6361:
6350:. Retrieved
6346:
6336:
6325:. Retrieved
6323:. 2017-06-23
6320:
6311:
6299:. Retrieved
6295:
6260:. Retrieved
6246:
6234:. Retrieved
6230:the original
6223:
6214:
6204:, retrieved
6182:
6172:
6145:
6135:
6106:
6099:
6066:
6062:
6052:
6025:
6021:
6011:
6001:, retrieved
5971:
5961:
5941:
5934:
5915:
5909:
5898:. Retrieved
5886:
5877:
5835:
5828:
5817:. Retrieved
5805:
5796:
5785:. Retrieved
5781:
5772:
5741:
5736:
5725:. Retrieved
5720:
5711:
5699:. Retrieved
5695:the original
5685:
5674:. Retrieved
5670:
5661:
5650:. Retrieved
5646:
5637:
5626:. Retrieved
5622:the original
5617:
5608:
5597:. Retrieved
5582:
5575:
5565:
5558:
5546:. Retrieved
5531:
5524:
5512:. Retrieved
5497:
5490:
5478:. Retrieved
5472:
5466:
5454:. Retrieved
5439:
5432:
5408:
5401:
5389:. Retrieved
5374:
5367:
5359:
5354:
5343:
5335:
5315:. Retrieved
5311:the original
5300:
5290:
5286:Knox, Robert
5280:
5271:
5260:. Retrieved
5245:
5221:
5197:
5189:
5170:. Retrieved
5155:
5148:
5136:. Retrieved
5121:
5101:
5094:
5085:
5046:. Retrieved
5031:
5024:
5015:
5009:
4989:
4982:
4973:
4949:. Retrieved
4945:the original
4935:
4922:
4914:
4909:
4897:. Retrieved
4882:
4875:
4863:. Retrieved
4848:
4826:. Retrieved
4811:
4804:
4784:
4777:
4765:. Retrieved
4750:
4743:
4730:
4710:
4703:
4683:
4676:
4667:
4657:24 September
4655:. Retrieved
4651:
4641:
4630:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4576:
4570:
4558:. Retrieved
4543:
4507:
4500:
4488:. Retrieved
4484:
4474:
4465:
4458:
4453:
4428:. Retrieved
4424:
4415:
4406:
4398:
4322:
4249:cite journal
4241:10603/213506
4226:
4201:
4191:
4179:
4175:
4159:
4153:
4143:
4112:
4088:
4055:Bibliography
4039:Tamil Muslim
3996:
3992:
3983:
3979:Ahl-i Hadith
3977:
3972:
3968:
3959:
3947:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3919:, and more.
3916:
3912:
3902:
3892:
3878:
3860:
3858:
3853:
3852:and Ponnani
3849:
3848:, Kozhikode
3845:
3840:
3834:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3798:black pepper
3791:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3774:irachi puttu
3773:
3761:
3739:
3702:
3698:
3682:
3678:
3657:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3592:
3585:
3570:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3500:Daudi Bohras
3494:
3482:
3462:
3445:
3420:
3409:
3396:
3371:
3354:
3351:ship owners.
3337:
3322:
3247:
3238:
3232:
3218:
3213:
3198:
3188:
3166:Shīiah Islam
3098:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2769:% of Muslims
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2732:
2707:
2690:
2662:
2620:
2594:
2583:Indian Ocean
2569:, ruled the
2546:
2531:Ibn Battutah
2524:
2493:
2478:
2457:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2428:which means
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:Al-Baladhuri
2393:
2335:
2240:
2229:Panthalayini
2191:
2184:
2141:Indian Ocean
2122:
2102:Persian Gulf
2051:
2043:
1994:
1986:caste system
1971:
1957:
1878:Raza Academy
1774:Universities
1663:Goan Muslims
1643:Sunni Bohras
1477:Amir Khusrow
1422:Indo-Islamic
1404:Architecture
1211:
1142:Ahl-i Hadith
1082:In terms of
1079:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
996:
890:Five Pillars
709:Islamophobia
488:Demographics
483:Circumcision
399:
392:
385:
351:
343:
327:
319:
311:
300:
294:
288:
281:
54:
7183:West Bengal
7108:Maharashtra
7098:Lakshadweep
6948:Asia portal
6849:States with
6769:Philippines
6709:South Korea
6704:North Korea
6599:Afghanistan
6404:January 26,
6347:CookAwesome
6301:January 26,
6262:17 February
6254:. YouTube.
6148:: 195â210.
5480:17 February
5409:Albuquerque
5304:AG Noorani
4767:18 November
4490:12 November
4204:: 406â416.
3917:arikkadukka
3891:or sugar),
3839:Thalassery
3823:kuzhi mandi
3815:version of
3697:Thalassery
3683:arikkadukka
3629:Vattappattu
3504:: Western (
3484:Beary/Byary
3449:or Pathans:
3440:Kodungallur
3432:Mattanchery
3183:Communities
3124:Sunnī Islam
3109:Sunni Islam
3101:Sunni Islam
2625:written by
2571:Lakshadweep
2565:, based at
2553:as well as
2547:Shah Bandar
2436:, the word
2374:Al-Dimashqi
2265:Lakshadweep
2249:Malik Dinar
2237:Malik Dinar
2197:Kodungallur
2173:Kodungallur
2145:Middle East
2125:Middle East
2114:Middle East
2082:Phoenicians
2074:Phoenicians
2062:Babylonians
2017:Sunni Islam
2005:Sunni Islam
1961:arrived in
1228:Persecution
1064:Ahl al-Ra'y
816:Sunni Islam
387:Ahl al-Bayt
272:Foundations
73:Lakshadweep
37:Kodungallur
7198:Categories
7178:Uttarkhand
7158:Tamil Nadu
7138:Puducherry
7033:Chandigarh
6829:Uzbekistan
6804:Tajikistan
6719:Kyrgyzstan
6699:Kazakhstan
6619:Bangladesh
6609:Azerbaijan
6520:3 December
6430:2021-05-13
6376:2021-05-13
6352:2021-05-13
6327:2021-05-13
6206:2021-03-22
6003:2021-03-22
5900:2021-07-17
5819:2021-03-22
5787:2021-01-28
5727:2020-10-19
5676:2018-10-11
5652:2018-10-11
5628:2018-10-11
5599:2012-11-16
5262:2012-11-15
5172:2012-11-16
4560:10 October
4430:2023-04-22
4072:References
3724:Thalassery
3664:rice flour
3640:See also:
3603:Duff Muttu
3546:See also:
3542:Literature
3508:) Ismaili
3436:Fort Kochi
3383:Thalassery
3313:Tamil Nadu
3277:Trivandrum
3162:in Kerala.
3063:3,301,427
3044:2,635,375
3025:1,197,412
3006:2,127,789
2987:1,974,551
2968:1,108,974
2949:3,282,388
2930:3,121,200
2911:2,809,934
2895:2,888,849
2892:4,112,920
2888:Malappuram
2876:1,211,131
2873:3,086,293
2835:2,523,003
2816:1,307,375
2790:33,406,061
2729:Demography
2678:Portuguese
2597:Portuguese
2587:Portuguese
2585:until the
2529:traveller
2495:Vatteluttu
2382:South Asia
2331:South Asia
2321:, coastal
2273:Ubaidullah
2253:Thalangara
2100:, and the
1658:Kayamkhani
1598:Vora Patel
1342:Ghaznavids
1207:Literature
1172:Holy sites
1060:Maturidism
917:Pilgrimage
852:Holy books
577:Philosophy
314:(exegesis)
251:Pilgrimage
241:Almsgiving
7163:Telangana
7148:Rajasthan
7118:Meghalaya
7088:Karnataka
7083:Jharkhand
6915:Hong Kong
6869:Palestine
6794:Sri Lanka
6789:Singapore
6669:Indonesia
6487:cite book
6479:966288166
6399:The Hindu
6296:The Hindu
6236:15 August
6225:The Hindu
6127:949589339
6083:1423-0062
6044:2287-965X
5998:225771373
5883:"MAPPILA"
5863:cite book
5855:928782482
5802:"MAPPILA"
5317:5 January
4941:"History"
4485:The Hindu
4218:2590-3691
4089:The Hindu
3960:Palli Dar
3943:Malayalam
3894:muttamala
3887:grating,
3862:unnakkaya
3844:, Kannur
3835:biriyanis
3827:Malayalam
3728:Kozhikode
3574:Chandrika
3526:Alappuzha
3514:Kozhikode
3506:Mustaalis
3410:Kurikkals
3356:Marakkars
3332:Karnataka
3273:Tamilakam
3195:Mappilas.
3176:Ahmadiyya
3152:Islamists
3117:Islamists
3002:Alappuzha
2945:Ernakulam
2869:Kozhikode
2795:8,873,472
2754:Total Pop
2605:Kozhikode
2573:Islands.
2559:Ali Rajas
2520:Kozhikode
2442:Dravidian
2386:Al-Biruni
2358:Al-Masudi
2327:Sri Lanka
2323:Karnataka
2257:Kasaragod
2225:Dharmadam
2217:Kasaragod
2213:Mangalore
2118:Herodotus
2088:to trade
2070:Egyptians
2066:Assyrians
2032:Silk Road
1997:Malayalam
1967:Malayalam
1902:Samastha
1633:The Saits
1189:Jerusalem
1149:Modernism
1137:Wahhabism
1097:al-Wijdan
1056:Ash'arism
697:terrorism
649:Criticism
602:Sexuality
572:Mysticism
542:Festivals
522:Education
517:Economics
453:Academics
409:Caliphate
222:Practices
125:Malayalam
119:Languages
107:Religions
101:Singapore
85:Tulu Nadu
55:9 million
7128:Nagaland
6938:Category
6859:Abkhazia
6809:Thailand
6764:Pakistan
6744:Mongolia
6739:Maldives
6734:Malaysia
6634:Cambodia
6371:BBC Food
6256:Archived
5288:(1681).
4951:1 August
4008:See also
3952:Mappilas
3897:made of
3889:molasses
3854:biriyani
3850:biriyani
3846:biriyani
3841:biriyani
3802:cardamom
3782:parottas
3754:Yemenese
3593:Kolkkali
3558:folklore
3417:Malabar.
3325:Navayats
3309:Palakkad
3305:Pandalam
3289:kottayam
3281:Alapuzha
3269:Rowthers
3259:Muhammed
3249:Thangals
3226:Mukkuvan
3220:Pusalans
3190:Mappilas
3066:452,915
3047:508,500
3009:224,545
2990:126,499
2983:Kottayam
2952:514,397
2933:532,839
2926:Thrissur
2914:812,936
2907:Palakkad
2857:234,185
2854:817,420
2838:742,483
2819:486,913
2812:Kasargod
2764:% of Pop
2749:District
2611:and the
2527:Moroccan
2378:Mappilas
2370:Abulfeda
2279:. A few
2251:died at
2233:Chaliyam
2181:Muhammad
2165:Mappilas
2161:Muhammad
2133:Muhammad
2110:Cinnamon
2013:Salafism
2001:Hinduism
1990:Rowthers
1974:Mappilas
1738:Deobandi
1623:Nawayath
1574:(Kerala)
1572:Mappilas
1382:Ali Raja
1289:a series
1287:Part of
1132:Salafism
1101:al-Kashf
1070:Atharism
937:Abu Bakr
808:a series
806:Part of
743:Glossary
719:Jihadism
692:Violence
687:Islamism
658:Muhammad
644:Apostasy
587:Politics
537:Feminism
532:Exorcism
493:Diaspora
478:Children
473:Calendar
401:Rashidun
379:Muhammad
374:Timeline
335:Mathnawi
197:Prophets
141:a series
139:Part of
97:Malaysia
93:Nilgiris
7168:Tripura
7123:Mizoram
7113:Manipur
7068:Haryana
7063:Gujarat
6834:Vietnam
6749:Myanmar
6729:Lebanon
6659:Georgia
6614:Bahrain
6604:Armenia
6091:6745953
5742:Outlook
5548:25 July
5514:25 July
5456:30 July
5391:26 July
5138:30 July
5048:24 July
4899:25 July
4865:25 July
4828:24 July
4736:Solomon
4622:2800388
3938:madrasa
3913:chapati
3909:dessert
3885:coconut
3871:raisins
3818:biryani
3813:Malabar
3787:Pathiri
3766:mussels
3750:Persian
3742:Mappila
3732:Ponnani
3699:biryani
3659:Pathiri
3617:aravana
3597:Dandiya
3537:Culture
3530:Gujarat
3457:Khaljis
3447:Dakhnis
3422:Nainars
3414:Manjeri
3393:origin.
3391:Iranian
3349:Persian
3253:Sayyids
3129:ShÄfi'Ä«
3105:ShÄfiÊżÄ«
3084:Muslims
3069:13.72%
3050:19.30%
3028:55,074
3012:10.55%
2971:82,206
2955:15.67%
2936:17.07%
2917:28.93%
2901:32.56%
2898:70.24%
2882:13.65%
2879:39.24%
2860:28.65%
2850:Wayanad
2841:29.43%
2822:37.24%
2759:Muslims
2667:Mappila
2631:Ponnani
2551:Calicut
2543:Muslims
2508:Muslims
2450:Persian
2438:Malabar
2426:Malanad
2422:Malabar
2418:Munibar
2414:Mulibar
2410:Manibar
2406:Malibar
2394:Malabar
2362:Baghdad
2338:Muslims
2315:Muslims
2281:Umayyad
2277:Andrott
2192:Masjids
2023:History
1733:Barelwi
1708:Hanbali
1703:Shafi`i
1316:History
1223:History
992:Hanbali
987:Shafi'i
966:schools
912:Fasting
907:Charity
835:Beliefs
614:Slavery
597:Science
552:Madrasa
547:Finance
458:Animals
446:society
442:Culture
414:Imamate
394:Sahabah
367:History
337:(Poems)
322:(creed)
246:Fasting
174:Oneness
167:Beliefs
53:
7153:Sikkim
7143:Punjab
7133:Odisha
7093:Kerala
6879:Taiwan
6814:Turkey
6779:Russia
6714:Kuwait
6694:Jordan
6684:Israel
6644:Cyprus
6629:Brunei
6624:Bhutan
6477:
6467:
6197:
6160:
6125:
6115:
6108:Jadeja
6089:
6081:
6042:
5996:
5986:
5949:
5922:
5853:
5843:
5701:10 May
5590:
5539:
5505:
5476:. 1922
5447:
5420:
5382:
5253:
5205:
5163:
5129:
5039:
4997:
4928:Kerala
4890:
4856:
4819:
4792:
4758:
4718:
4691:
4620:
4583:
4551:
4515:
4216:
4166:
4119:
3973:Sunnah
3867:banana
3778:irachi
3746:Kerala
3730:, and
3720:Kannur
3586:Oppana
3518:Kannur
3496:Bohras
3477:Lohana
3469:Kutchi
3453:Dakhni
3428:Cochin
3379:Kannur
3317:Kerala
3297:Idukki
3293:kollam
3240:Ossans
3135:កanafī
3088:Kerala
3072:5.10%
3053:5.73%
3040:Kollam
3034:0.62%
3031:4.60%
3015:2.53%
2996:1.43%
2993:6.41%
2977:0.93%
2974:7.41%
2964:Idukki
2958:5.80%
2939:6.00%
2920:9.16%
2863:2.64%
2844:8.37%
2831:Kannur
2825:5.49%
2805:100.0%
2800:26.56%
2784:Kerala
2694:Mysore
2670:Muslim
2651:Lisbon
2635:Arabic
2619:. The
2617:Ceylon
2601:Europe
2567:Kannur
2555:Quilon
2512:Arabic
2474:Kannur
2466:Arabic
2454:Arabic
2416:, and
2350:Muslim
2346:Kollam
2325:, and
2319:Kerala
2241:Masjid
2231:, and
2221:Kannur
2209:Barkur
2205:Madayi
2201:Kollam
2189:, the
2157:Arabia
2137:Kerala
2090:Spices
1982:Kerala
1965:, the
1963:Kerala
1743:Salafi
1713:Maliki
1698:Hanafi
1668:Chaush
1628:Bearys
1593:Memons
1432:Sharqi
1417:Mughal
1184:Medina
1159:Farahi
1035:Jariri
1028:Laythi
1021:Thawri
1014:Awza'i
1007:Zahiri
999:Others
982:Maliki
977:Hanafi
964:Sunni
947:Uthman
902:Prayer
877:Sahaba
862:Angels
668:Hadith
582:Poetry
562:Mosque
527:Ethics
352:Sharia
320:Aqidah
312:Tafsir
296:Hadith
290:Sunnah
234:Prayer
185:Angels
89:Kodagu
81:Europe
69:Kerala
7053:Delhi
7028:Bihar
7023:Assam
6920:Macau
6839:Yemen
6799:Syria
6774:Qatar
6754:Nepal
6689:Japan
6664:India
6654:Egypt
6639:China
5994:S2CID
4618:JSTOR
3956:imams
3875:sugar
3837:like
3831:Yemen
3806:clove
3770:curry
3704:raita
3701:with
3522:Kochi
3510:Shiah
3473:Kutch
3404:Omani
3398:Koyas
3389:with
3373:Keyis
3339:Nahas
3285:Kochi
3251:(the
2682:Arabs
2680:era,
2659:Cairo
2609:Ormus
2575:Arabs
2514:, at
2504:Hindu
2485:Hindu
2456:word
2444:word
2271:, by
2261:Islam
2243:s in
2149:Islam
2094:Yemen
2078:Arabs
2058:Arabs
1959:Islam
1673:Siddi
1583:Khoja
1201:Lists
1179:Mecca
1095:(Ahl
1093:Sufis
1084:Ihsan
714:Jihad
663:Quran
624:Women
567:Music
505:Sunni
354:(law)
302:Sirah
283:Quran
267:Texts
149:Islam
113:Islam
6759:Oman
6724:Laos
6679:Iraq
6674:Iran
6522:2020
6493:link
6475:OCLC
6465:ISBN
6406:2021
6303:2021
6264:2012
6238:2009
6195:ISBN
6158:ISBN
6123:OCLC
6113:ISBN
6087:PMID
6079:ISSN
6040:ISSN
5984:ISBN
5947:ISBN
5920:ISBN
5869:link
5851:OCLC
5841:ISBN
5703:2017
5588:ISBN
5550:2012
5537:ISBN
5516:2012
5503:ISBN
5482:2012
5458:2012
5445:ISBN
5418:ISBN
5393:2012
5380:ISBN
5319:2013
5251:ISBN
5203:ISBN
5161:ISBN
5140:2012
5127:ISBN
5050:2012
5037:ISBN
4995:ISBN
4953:2012
4901:2012
4888:ISBN
4867:2012
4854:ISBN
4830:2012
4817:ISBN
4790:ISBN
4769:2012
4756:ISBN
4716:ISBN
4689:ISBN
4659:2014
4581:ISBN
4562:2012
4549:ISBN
4513:ISBN
4492:2015
4262:help
4214:ISSN
4164:ISBN
4117:ISBN
3907:, a
3899:eggs
3873:and
3811:The
3804:and
3793:ghee
3758:Arab
3756:and
3740:The
3550:and
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3438:and
3385:and
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2581:and
2525:The
2498:and
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2400:and
2127:and
2098:Oman
2080:and
2068:and
1058:and
942:Umar
607:LGBT
510:Shia
444:and
344:Fiqh
7058:Goa
6891:and
6187:doi
6150:doi
6071:doi
6030:doi
5976:doi
5891:doi
5810:doi
4610:doi
4602:Man
4237:hdl
4206:doi
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3971:as-
3969:Ahl
3877:),
3825:in
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970:law
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