1603:
4691:. To examine the role of Wahhabism and terrorism is not to label all Muslims as extremists. Indeed, I want to make this point very, very clear. It is the exact opposite. Analyzing Wahhabism means identifying the extreme element that, although enjoying immense political and financial resources, thanks to support by a sector of the Saudi state, seeks to globally hijack Islam The problem we are looking at today is the State-sponsored doctrine and funding of an extremist ideology that provides the recruiting grounds, support infrastructure and monetary life blood of today's international terrorists. The extremist ideology is Wahhabism, a major force behind terrorist groups, like
2981:, Britain has been accused of consistently supporting radical Islam to combat secular nationalism. Because the secular nationalists threatened to seize the resources of their countries and use it for internal development, which was not accepted by England. The United States, like Britain before it, has been accused of historically supporting radical Islam in the face of secular nationalism, seen as a major threat to Western colonial dominance. Chomsky and coauthors accuse Israel of destroying Egypt and Syria in 1967, two bastions of secular Arab nationalism opposed to Saudi Arabia, which they view as the leader of radical Islam.
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eternity (i.e. the "wrong kind" of Muslim and everyone else) on the other. For violent
Islamic extremists, the "wrong kind" of Muslim includes moderate Sunni Muslims, all Shia Muslims, and many others who are "mete for the sword" and can be killed, and anyone who associates or collaborates with them. Additionally, this worldview often leads to the rejection of pluralism and the denial of any legitimate interpretations of Islam that differ from their own extremist beliefs.
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644:. The memory of the menace they had posed to Muslim unity and of the moral challenge generated by their pious idealism still weighed heavily on Muslim political and religious thought, however. Even if the Kharijites could no longer threaten, their ghosts still had to be answered. The Ibadis are the only Kharijite group to survive into modern times.
613:(the second Islamic Civil War) when they at one point controlled more territory than any of their rivals. The Kharijites were, in fact, one of the major threats to Ibn al-Zubayr's bid for the caliphate; during this time they controlled Yamama and most of southern Arabia, and captured the oasis town of al-Ta'if.
248:
Political definitions of
Islamic extremism, such as that employed by the government of the United Kingdom, characterize it as any form of Islam that opposes "democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty, and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs." In 2019, the United States
635:
Second, they agreed that it is the duty of the believers to depose any leader who falls into error. This second principle had profound implications for
Kharijite theology. Applying these ideas to the early history of the caliphate, Kharijites only accept Abu Bakr and 'Umar as legitimate caliphs. Of
421:
First, a 'Manichean' view of the world. A total, eternal 'Manichean' worldview is a central tenet of violent
Islamic extremism. It divides the world strictly into 'Us' versus 'Them': those who are blessed or saved (i.e. the "right kind" of Muslim) on the one hand and those who are to be damned for
432:
Fourth, the ignoring or flouting of the strict regulations governing the conduct of armed jihad, i.e. the stipulations in the Qur'an and the Sunna for the ethics of conducting qital set out above. Thus, the use of excessive violence, attacks on civilians, indiscriminate 'suicide' violence and the
624:. Because of their readiness to declare any opponent as apostate, the extreme Kharijites tended to fragment into small groups. One of the few points that the various Kharijite splinter groups held in common was their view of the caliphate, which differed from other Muslim theories on two points.
4889:
It is the undisputed case that the
Taliban justification for this travesty can be traced to the Wahhabi indoctrination program prevalent in the Afghan refugee camps and Saudi-funded Islamic schools (madrasas) in Pakistan that produced the Taliban. ...In Saudi Arabia itself, the destruction has
592:
in 657 CE. When ʿAlī was faced with a military stalemate and agreed to submit the dispute to arbitration, some of his party withdrew their support from him. "Judgement belongs to God alone" (لاَ حُكْمَ إلَا لِلّهِ) became the slogan of these secessionists. They also called themselves
4890:
focused on the architectural heritage of Islam's two holiest cities, Mecca and Medina, where
Wahhabi religious foundations, with state support, have systematically demolished centuries-old mosques and mausolea, as well as hundreds of traditional Hijazi mansions and palaces.
1752:, bring back its days of glory, and free the Muslims from the clasps of ignorance, Qutb proposed the shunning of modern society, establishing a vanguard modeled after the early Muslims, preaching, and bracing oneself for poverty or even death as preparation for
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were
Wahhabi followers. In addition, 15 of the 19 were Saudi subjects. Journalists and experts, as well as spokespeople of the world, have said that Wahhabism is the source of the overwhelming majority of terrorist atrocities in today's world, from
465:
According to the academic definition of radical Islam, the second condition for something to be called radical Islam, is that it is antigovernmental. Consequently, a government is a condition for radical Islam. However, even though the
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These original
Kharijites opposed both ʿAlī and Mu'awiya, and appointed their own leaders. They were decisively defeated by ʿAlī, who was in turn assassinated by a Kharijite. Kharijites engaged in guerilla warfare against the
1230:). It has been described as the "fastest-growing Islamic movement"; with each scholar expressing diverse views across social, theological, and political spectrum. Salafis follow a doctrine that can be summed up as taking "a
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The first being: Islamic thought that states that all ideologies other than Islam, whether associated with the West (capitalism or democracy) or the East (communism or socialism) have failed and have demonstrated their
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Third, the ignoring or flouting of the conditions for the declaration of armed jihad (qital), i.e. the established
Islamic doctrinal conditions for the declaration of armed combat (qital) set out above...
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1538:. This event heavily influenced Islamic thinking in general, but also what would later be coined radical Islamic thought. Key thinkers that wrote about Islam in the 20th century, and especially about
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The
Azariqa, considered to be the extreme faction of the Kharijites, controlled parts of western Iran under the Umayyads until they were finally put down in 699 CE. The more moderate
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Aside from those, two major definitions have been offered for Islamic extremism, sometimes using overlapping but also distinct aspects of extreme interpretations and pursuits of
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Eighth, the extreme Salafist Islamism doctrine that the precepts of the Muslim faith negate and supersede all other natural ties, such as those of family, kinship and nation...
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The judge refers to several grounds: section 20 of the 2006 Act; the definition of "terrorism" in section 1 of the Terrorism Act 2000 and the decision of the Supreme Court in
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By the time that Ibn al-Muqaffa' wrote his political treatise early in the 'Abbasid period, the Kharijites were no longer a significant political threat, at least in the
1766:, the radical Islamist ideology derived from the ideas of Qutb, was denounced by many prominent Muslim scholars as well as other members of the Muslim Brotherhood, like
1497:
539:. From their essentially political position, the Kharijites developed extreme doctrines that set them apart from both mainstream Sunnī and Shīʿa Muslims. Shīʿas believe
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and, ultimately, install Islamic rule throughout South Asia. Operational throughout India, especially in the northern region of Jammu and Kashmir since at least 1993.
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believes AQAP to be the most dangerous al-Qaeda branch due to its emphasis on attacking the "far enemy" and its reputation for plotting attacks on overseas targets.
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2612:, other ethnic and religious minorities in the Middle East, and many others around the world by ISIL or groups associated or inspired by ISIL. Since 2015 includes
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Ninth, the citing with approval the fatwa (legal opinions) of Islamic scholars who espouse extremist views, including those that advocate violence or terrorism...
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1286:, etc. The second largest group are the Salafi activists who have a long tradition of political activism, such as those that operate in organizations like the
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632:") can become Caliph and that family or tribal affiliation is inconsequential. The only requirements for leadership are piety and acceptance by the community.
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and their subgroups. In recent years, Jihadi-Salafist doctrines have often been associated with the armed insurgencies of Islamic extremist movements and
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could be said to have founded the actual movement of radical Islam. Unlike the other Islamic thinkers that have been mentioned above, Qutb was not an
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1429:("affirmers of the singularity of God"), but is rather employed by Western scholars as well as his critics. Starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, the
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6595:""There Are Always Grounds for Seeking a World That Is More Free and More Just": An Interview with Noam Chomsky on Israel, Palestine, and Zionism"
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have explicitly stated during a hearing that occurred in June 2003 before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology, and Homeland Security of the
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Sixth, any interpretation of Shari'a (i.e. religious law laid down by the Qur'an and the Sunna) that required breaking the 'law of the land'...
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89:
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Gibril Haddad, "Quietism and End-Time Reclusion in the Qurʾān and Hadith: Al-Nābulusī and His Book Takmīl Al-Nuʿūt within the ʿuzla Genre",
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Tenth, any teaching which, expressly or implicitly, encourages Muslims to engage in, or support, terrorism or violence in the name of Allah.
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280:. However, both Islamic fundamentalism and Islamism can also be classified as subsets of Islamic extremism. Acts of violence committed by
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and its official sect, a separatist, exclusionary and violent form of Islam known as Wahhabism. It is widely recognized that all of the
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are influential to the contemporary writings that were coined radical after the concept of the nation state was established in the
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4679:. In addition, Saudi media sources have identified Wahhabi agents from Saudi Arabia as being responsible for terrorist attacks on
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4654:. Since then, many questions have been asked about the role in that day's terrible events and in other challenges we face in the
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404:. This case is noteworthy because the judge lists a 10-point definition of Islamic extremism that he used to determine the case:
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3132:
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253:, advocating the establishment of a shared understanding, operational framework for prevention, and international cooperation.
4438:
Musa, Mohd Faizal (2018). "The Riyal and Ringgit of Petro-Islam: Investing Salafism in Education". In Saat, Norshahril (ed.).
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Fifth, advocating armed fighting in defence of Islam (qital) as a universal individual religious obligation (fard al 'ayn)...
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1306:, who believe in disengagement from politics and accept allegiance to Muslim governments, no matter how tyrannical, to avoid
1302:, accompanied by their political failures, the activist-Salafi movements have undergone a decline. The most numerous are the
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Kharijites were longer-lived, continuing to wield political power in North and East Africa and in eastern Arabia during the
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1382:), and denounced what he held to be popular religious beliefs and practices among Muslims that he considered to be akin to
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and a highly influential Islamist ideologue, and the first to articulate these anathemizing principles in his magnum opus
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from what he perceived as non-Islamic popular religious beliefs and practices by returning to what, he believed, were the
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The second being: Islamic thought that states that (semi)secular regimes are wrong because of their negligence of Islam.
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3315:"Preventing Extremism in Fragile States: A New Approach, Final Report of the Task Force on Extremism in Fragile States"
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that emerged in the second half of the 19th century and advocate a return to the traditions of the "devout ancestors" (
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May 2016: An Appeal from the Crown Court and Central Criminal Court: several individuals' cases considered together.
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7001:
4993:. Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.). London and New York City:
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241:. These terms remain contentious, encompassing a spectrum of definitions, ranging from academic interpretations of
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1254:(Islamic law)." The Salafi movement is often divided into three categories: the largest group are the purists (or
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Begg, a prominent Muslim public figure and Imam at Lewisham Islamic Centre since 1998 lost his 2016 court case of
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2534:
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6380:"How Many People Has ISIS Killed? Terrorist Attacks Linked To Islamic State Have Caused 33,000 Deaths: Report"
1488:, as being "a source of global terrorism". Furthermore, Wahhabism has been accused of causing disunity in the
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8401:
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6851:
6543:"Field Listing :: Terrorist groups – foreign based – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"
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636:'Uthman's caliphate they recognize only the first six years as legitimate, and they reject 'Ali altogether.
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Second, the reduction of jihad (striving in God's cause) to qital (armed combat) ('the Lesser Jihad')...
329:
The use of violent tactics such as bombing and assassinations for achieving perceived Islamic goals (see
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1741:(the pre-Islamic age of ignorance) because those who call themselves Muslims have failed to follow the
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1521:
1324:
819:
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is an Islamic Extremist, and does not uphold Begg's claim that the BBC had libelled him by saying so.
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105:
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Hasan, Noorhaidi (2010). "The Failure of the Wahhabi Campaign: Transnational Islam and the Salafi
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doctrines. The label "Wahhabi" was not claimed by his followers, who usually refer themselves as
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4129:
Wagemakers, Joas (2021). "Part 3: Fundamentalisms and Extremists – The Citadel of Salafism". In
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to hold that position. The Kharijites broke away from both the Shīʿas and the Sunnīs during the
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prohibits the veneration of shrines, tombs, and sacred objects, many sites associated with the
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2004:
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911:
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551:(the first Islamic Civil War); they were particularly noted for adopting a radical approach to
521:
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torture or the murder of prisoners would constitute violation of these regulations of jihad...
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118. In my view, the following constitute "extremist" Islamic positions (or indicia thereof).
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101:
57:
20:
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An extremely conservative view of Islam, which does not necessarily entail violence (see also
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Bacon, Tricia; Warner, Jason (8 September 2021). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.).
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2008:
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There are two UK High Court cases that explicitly address the issue of Islamic extremism.
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8:
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6434:"Al-Qaeda map: Isis, Boko Haram and other affiliates' strongholds across Africa and Asia"
6037:"Al-Qaeda map: Isis, Boko Haram and other affiliates' strongholds across Africa and Asia"
5937:"Twenty Years After 9/11: The Threat in Africa—The New Epicenter of Global Jihadi Terror"
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1979:
1716:), which lead to his execution by the Egyptian government. Other Salafi movements in the
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to replace the government with an Islamic state that would reflect Qutb's ideas for the
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1008:
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Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North
318:
UK High Courts have ruled in two cases on Islamic extremism, and provided definition.
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Rabasa, Angel; Benard, Cheryl (2004). "The Middle East: Cradle of the Muslim World".
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Kendall, Elisabeth (8 September 2021). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.).
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557:(excommunication), whereby they declared both Sunnī and Shīʿa Muslims to be either
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defined as a "preeminent position of strength in the global expression of Islam."
1421:" is specifically applied to the followers of Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and his
628:
First, they were principled egalitarians, holding that any pious Muslim ("even an
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8458:
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6259:"ISIS Leader Killed in US Raid Was a SNITCH Who Orchestrated the Yazidi Genocide"
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3041:
3012:
2853:
2623:
2425:
2299:
1875:
1749:
1681:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1606:
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1367:
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1263:
1208:
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874:
829:
812:
774:
737:
712:
691:
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533:
277:
245:
to the notion that all ideologies other than Islam have failed and are inferior.
242:
6594:
3588:
The Concept of Belief in Islamic Theology: A Semantic Analysis of Imān and Islām
1680:. Moreover, Qutb's books have been frequently been cited by Osama bin Laden and
9128:
8845:
8698:
8540:
8242:
6802:
6512:
5409:
5151:
4283:
4271:
2872:
2825:
2470:
2389:
2376:
2117:
1553:
1374:; "The Book of Oneness"). He taught that the primary doctrine of Islam was the
1266:, who constitute a minority. Most of the violent Islamist groups come from the
1120:
993:
884:
6911:
6736:
5784:"Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) – Council on Foreign Relations"
4836:"The destruction of Mecca: Saudi hardliners are wiping out their own heritage"
4451:
4159:
2199:
Claims 6 killed in assassinations. Naval frigate hijacking attempted in 2014.
9143:
9031:
8858:
8708:
8247:
8210:
8185:
8022:
6109:
6093:
5261:
5242:
4655:
4516:
4342:
4178:
4068:
3810:
3510:"Shakeel Begg v BBC [2016] EWHC 2688 (QB) – Judgment 28 October 2016"
3154:
3073:
2236:
2012:
1932:
1477:
1391:
1336:
1279:
1125:
1115:
744:
653:
482:
as well. Key influences of radical Islam that stem from early Islam include:
269:
250:
6323:"Isis ranks dwindle to 15,000 amid 'retreat on all fronts', claims Pentagon"
5643:
5133:
4713:"European Parliament identifies Wahabi and Salafi roots of global terrorism"
4031:
162:
9118:
9043:
8693:
8545:
8423:
8139:
7988:
7973:
7687:
6767:
Digital World War: Islamists, Extremists, and the Fight for Cyber Supremacy
6757:
5944:
5741:
5556:"How many al Qaeda operatives are now left in Afghanistan? – Threat Matrix"
5331:
4742:
4699:, and I am quoting, is the "number one terrorist threat to the U.S. today".
4659:
4576:
4508:
4200:
3949:
2998:
2830:
2760:
1940:
1901:
1721:
1629:
1442:
1434:
1308:
1170:
1140:
998:
963:
754:
610:
479:
471:
372:
6418:
3408:
Understanding radical Islam: medieval ideology in the twenty-first century
2866:
442:
Seventh, the classification of all non-Muslims as unbelievers (kuffar)...
8670:
8160:
8068:
7968:
7855:
6645:
6636:
Meleagrou-Hitchens, Alexander; Hughes, Seamus; Clifford, Bennett (2021).
6492:, p. 11., Elena Pavlova, The Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies,
5289:
4939:
New Religions: Emerging Faiths and Religious Cultures in the Modern World
4586:
3849:
3840:
Meleagrou-Hitchens, Alexander; Hughes, Seamus; Clifford, Bennett (2021).
3534:
3176:
2877:
2784:
2725:
2694:
2627:
2408:
2321:
2206:
2151:
1994:
1952:
1918:
1862:
1691:
1687:
1621:
1597:
1564:
1505:
1406:
1299:
1221:
869:
854:
834:
799:
687:
617:
548:
509:
334:
4524:
3006:
1154:
8973:
8055:
8012:
7983:
6101:
5252:
4789:
have estimated that as many as 95 percent of the historic sites around
4134:
3431:
3288:
3166:
2613:
2480:
2371:
2332:
2245:
2182:
1936:
1291:
1283:
1095:
978:
879:
779:
769:
764:
513:
505:
501:
491:
3915:
Terror's Source: The Ideology of Wahhabi-Salafism and Its Consequences
3704:(3rd ed.). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 163–169.
1460:
as "the number one terrorist threat to the United States", journalist
1409:
views, believing in a literal interpretation of the Quran. The terms "
337:, Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Eurasian Policy at the
237:
refers to a set of extremist beliefs, behaviors and ideologies within
215:
8678:
8109:
8051:
7998:
7866:
6663:
6464:
6263:
5734:"Twenty Years After 9/11: The Jihadi Threat in the Arabian Peninsula"
5410:"The Evolution of Al-Qaeda: Osama bin Laden and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi"
5062:
4994:
4774:
4752:
4672:
3216:
2948:
2942:
2684:
2640:
2520:
2434:
2328:
2256:
2191:
1737:
1410:
1316:
1023:
824:
749:
673:
597:("the Vendors"), to reflect their willingness to sell their lives in
6490:
Counter-Society to Counter-State: Jemaah Islamiah According to Pupji
6411:"Why ISIS is a threat to Saudi Arabia: Wahhabism's deferred promise"
6085:
4687:
has confirmed Wahhabi involvement in attacks against U.S. forces in
2819:
2494:
paramilitary wing. Hezbollah was largely formed with the aid of the
1383:
1274:
targeting innocent civilians, both Muslims and Non-Muslims, such as
1244:
9021:
8517:
8375:
8327:
8121:
8027:
7978:
7706:
6976:
6516:
4946:
4782:
4712:
4692:
4676:
3538:
3370:"The Roots of Violent Islamist Extremism and Efforts to Counter It"
3149:
3142:
3046:
2891:
2844:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2732:
2728:
2720:
With a name meaning "Islamic Congregation" (frequently abbreviated
2702:
2689:
2664:
2630:
2597:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2411:
2393:
2279:
2213:
2209:
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2001:
1997:
1925:
1921:
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1849:
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1614:
1457:
1414:
1295:
1275:
1259:
1235:
1065:
1018:
968:
544:
536:
343:
330:
285:
261:
24:
6693:
6672:
The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future
6229:
5515:
5159:
5080:
5012:
4086:
1417:" are sometimes evoked interchangeably, although the designation "
1242:, the 'pious forefathers'....They reject religious innovation, or
588:
The Islamic tradition traces the origin of the Kharijities to the
9036:
8632:
8320:
8200:
8078:
8073:
8060:
8044:
8037:
8032:
7764:
6791:
6295:
5290:
Scott Shane; Souad Mekhennet & Robert F. Worth (8 May 2010).
5217:"Conspiratorial Narratives in Violent Political Actors' Language"
4668:
3228:
3181:
2803:
2452:
2317:
Since 2009, it has killed 20,000 and displaced 2.3 million.
2263:
2186:
1974:
1948:
1763:
1653:
1624:, an Egyptian Islamist ideologue and prominent figurehead of the
1465:
1320:
1262:, who get involved in politics; the third and last group are the
988:
864:
566:
517:
265:
6635:
3839:
2365:
2091:
2033:
1968:
1856:
1339:
to power in the Arabian peninsula. Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab sought to
301:
The academic definition of radical Islam consists of two parts:
8550:
8524:
8483:
8444:
8361:
8274:
8195:
8097:
8007:
7938:
7933:
7700:
7624:
6706:
6010:. Institute for Economics and Peace. p. 53. Archived from
5814:
4794:
4226:
4146:
4142:
3975:
2913:
2171:
1955:. The title translates to "Organization of the Base of Jihad".
1742:
1375:
1356:
1250:
983:
553:
5371:"Out of the Shadows: Getting ahead of prisoner radicalization"
3590:. Tokyo: Keio Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies at
3459:
3377:
Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
1484:, various Western security analysts, and think tanks like the
1474:
overwhelming majority of terrorist atrocities in today's world
1351:. His works were generally short, full of quotations from the
8799:
8624:
8578:
8566:
8368:
8354:
8313:
8090:
7928:
7785:
7771:
7692:
7655:
6291:"Islamic state confirms death of its leader, names new chief"
6064:"The Islamic Resistance Movement in the Palestinian Uprising"
4790:
4400:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad – Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
2660:
2530:
2446:
2416:
2351:
2271:
2097:
2047:
2043:
1944:
1754:
1728:
1540:
1489:
1422:
1352:
1344:
1226:
1216:
684:
International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region
558:
525:
397:
322:
238:
5055:"Sayyid Qutb: Founder of Radical Islamic Political Ideology"
2717:
Over 250 killed in bombings throughout Indonesia since 2002
1401:
Wahhabism has been described as a conservative, strict, and
609:, but only became a movement to be reckoned with during the
8465:
8437:
8387:
8334:
8279:
7792:
6703:
Extremist Islam: Recognition and Response in Southeast Asia
4626:"Terrorism: Growing Wahhabi Influence in the United States"
2656:
2526:
2503:
2320:
Title means "Western education is forbidden", founded as a
2275:
2267:
2039:
1498:
destruction of many Islamic, cultural, and historical sites
1328:
4547:"6 common misconceptions about Salafi Muslims in the West"
4141:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21.
3535:"Imam loses libel action against BBC over 'extreme' claim"
2150:
is considered the most active of al-Qaeda's branches, or "
5378:
2667:
including the United States, United Kingdom, and France.
2154:", that emerged due to weakening central leadership. The
1735:) has been extinct for several centuries and reverted to
1660:
that seek to overthrow secular governments, most notably
543:
is the true successor to Muhammad, while Sunnīs consider
540:
401:
313:
6750:
Global Insurgency Strategy and the Salafi Jihad Movement
5997:
5215:
Baele, Stephane J. (October 2019). Giles, Howard (ed.).
4802:
1258:), who avoid politics; the second largest group are the
268:
advocating a return to the fundamental principles of an
5612:"Death toll of Al Qaeda attacks: more than 4,400 lives"
5321:
Robert Irwin, "Is this the man who inspired Bin Laden?"
5292:"Imam's Path From Condemning Terror to Preaching Jihad"
4929:
4292:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
219:
2012 Sydney: Muslims protesting against the release of
6756:: USAF Institute for National Security Studies at the
6353:"45,000 Islamic State fighters taken off battlefields"
5700:"Al Qaeda in Yemen says leader killed in U.S. bombing"
4991:
Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists
4009:
4007:
2978:
Secret Affairs: Britain's Collusion with Radical Islam
2335:. Since 2015 Boko Haram has pledged allegiance to the
1362:, such as his main and foremost theological treatise,
1298:. In the aftermath of widescale repressions after the
371:
October 2016: In which the Judge concluded that Imam
6570:
On Western Terrorism: From Hiroshima to Drone Warfare
6746:"A Global Salafi Jihad Insurgency: Myth or Reality?"
6592:
6230:
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11 April 1996).
5899:"Al Qaeda finds base in India, Modi is on its radar"
4808:
4048:
2988:
2593:
40,000–200,000 at its height across all 'provinces'
1951:
of the Egyptian Islamist ideologue and propagandist
1526:
The contemporary period begins after 1924. With the
264:. Islamic fundamentalism refers to a movement among
6593:Chomsky, Noam; Wainwright, Joel; Nir, Oded (2018).
5891:
5283:
5114:"The Philosopher of the Muslim Revolt, Sayyid Qutb"
4650:Nearly 22 months have passed since the atrocity of
4016:"Conditionalist Islamists: The Case of the Salafis"
4004:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3202:
International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism
1632:ideology in the 1960s. When he was executed by the
1617:
have promoted the overthrow of secular governments.
1431:
international propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism
680:
International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism
504:in the 7th century CE. The original schism between
288:are often associated with these extremist beliefs.
249:Institute of Peace issued a report on extremism in
6668:"Chapter 5: The Battle of Islamic Fundamentalisms"
5642:
5582:"Al Qaeda in Afghanistan Is Attempting A Comeback"
4124:
4122:
3891:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 61–.
3475:
3473:
3432:Jason F. Isaacson; Colin Lewis Rubenstein (2002).
1931:which aims to "restore Islam" and establish "true
1773:
455:
7590:January 2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium
6504:
5979:
5869:"New Estimate of Strength of Al Qaeda Is Offered"
5867:Sanger, David E.; Mazzetti, Mark (30 June 2010).
5048:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5034:
4925:
4923:
3835:
3833:
3280:
2649:Gained large swathes of territory in Iraq in 2014
1441:has achieved what the French political scientist
391:
9141:
6832:
6408:
5345:Paul Berman, "The Philosopher of Islamic Terror"
4860:
4781:, such as the homes and graves of companions of
3911:
3791:
3584:): The Khārijites and the origin of the problem"
2742:(regional Islamic caliphate) in Southeast Asia.
470:was established in 1648 and thus introduced the
6941:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5727:
5725:
5184:
4980:
4978:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4119:
3660:"The Balance of Islam in Challenging Extremism"
3470:
3404:
3344:. University of California Press. p. 107.
3266:. University of California Press. p. 103.
1656:has been influential on jihadist movements and
6567:
6513:"Pakistan army eyes Taliban talks with unease"
5866:
5031:
4920:
4906:. University of California Press. p. 93.
4620:
4618:
4440:Islam in Southeast Asia: Negotiating Modernity
4054:
3830:
3629:"Another battle with Islam's 'true believers'"
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
2498:'s followers in the early 1980s to spread the
1349:fundamental principles of the Islamic religion
7640:
6927:
6818:
6545:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from
6510:
5478:"Radical Islam and Contemporary Jihad Theory"
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4199:Laoust, H. (2012) . "Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb". In
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4055:Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce, eds. (2009).
4020:Political Islam in the Age of Democratization
4014:Bokhari, Kamran; Senzai, Farid, eds. (2013).
4013:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3460:"website repository of UK High Court rulings"
3234:Violence against Muslims in independent India
2516:(commonly known as ISIS, ISIL, IS, or Daesh)
1188:
86:The examples and perspective in this article
7099:
6223:
6197:. Archived from the original on 20 July 2006
5921:
5842:"What is al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula?"
5722:
5692:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5104:
5102:
4975:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4328:
3884:
2966:
2960:Convert Sri Lanka into an Islamic caliphate
1528:defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
276:. Meanwhile, Islamism constitutes a form of
6700:
5934:
5553:
4615:
3905:
3878:
3557:
3435:Islam in Asia: changing political realities
3128:Islamic extremism in the 20th-century Egypt
3032:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh
2847:. Operates primarily in Jammu and Kashmir.
2219:which aims to overthrow the Governments of
1628:in Egypt, was influential in promoting the
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
7647:
7633:
7235:2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers
6934:
6920:
6825:
6811:
6674:(1st ed.). New York City and London:
6644:(1st ed.). London and New York City:
6055:
5407:
5208:
5061:(1st ed.). London and New York City:
4813:. Rand Corporation. p. 103, note 60.
4634:United States Government Publishing Office
4385:
4255:
4185:
4128:
3932:
3848:(1st ed.). London and New York City:
3497:
1335:, and was instrumental in the rise of the
1195:
1181:
590:battle between ʿAlī and Mu'awiya at Siffin
165:. Please do not remove this message until
7240:2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers
6402:
5453:
5251:
5241:
5225:Journal of Language and Social Psychology
5099:
5052:
4426:
4158:
3398:
1724:adopted many of his Islamist principles.
922:Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
663:
203:Learn how and when to remove this message
185:Learn how and when to remove this message
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
7585:2014 anti-terrorism operations in Norway
7050:Shchelkovo Highway police station attack
6987:ISIL-related terrorist attacks in France
6256:
6182:
5120:. The Henry L. Stimson Lectures Series.
4341:
4276:"Ibn ‛Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (1703–92)"
3806:"Salafism: Politics and the puritanical"
3770:. Oxford University Press. p. 275.
3763:
3532:
3286:
1762:government/society, and overthrow them.
1601:
359:
214:
161:Relevant discussion may be found on the
6752:. INSS Occasional Paper. Vol. 66.
6431:
5731:
5435:Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism
4984:
4347:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791)"
4139:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
3948:Peskes, Esther (2012) . "Wahhabis". In
3438:. Transaction Publishers. p. 191.
3363:
3361:
3289:"How do you define Islamist extremism?"
2783:is an umbrella organization of various
2399:Founded as an offshoot of the Egyptian
1580:
1081:Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat
1061:Salafi-Jihadism:_The_History_of_an_Idea
379:
9142:
6743:
6568:Chomsky, Noam; Vltchek, Andre (2013).
6257:Prothero, Mitchell (4 February 2022).
6188:
6062:Taraki, Lisa (January–February 1989).
6061:
4933:; Willsky-Ciollo, Lydia, eds. (2021).
4869:"Cultural Terrorism and Wahhabi Islam"
4833:
4710:
4704:
4270:
4198:
4111:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3971:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
3947:
3724:
3574:
3522:from the original on 24 December 2017.
3481:"R -v- Mohammed Abdul Kahar and Other"
3257:
3255:
3133:Islamic extremism in the United States
3096:History of slavery in the Muslim world
2424:, resulting in the destruction of the
2314:Estimates range between 500 and 9,000
476:formative centuries of Islamic history
314:United Kingdom High Courts' definition
296:
8885:
8653:
8269:
7628:
6915:
6806:
6764:
6511:Bennett-Jones, Owen (25 April 2014).
6333:from the original on 29 November 2020
6238:from the original on 26 February 2021
6143:from the original on 9 September 2014
6137:"HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement)"
5967:from the original on 8 September 2021
5822:from the original on 16 February 2015
5764:from the original on 8 September 2021
5314:
5214:
5059:Routledge Handbook of Political Islam
4723:from the original on 26 December 2018
4640:from the original on 15 December 2018
4575:
4482:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3657:
3533:Casciani, Dominic (28 October 2016).
3493:from the original on 9 February 2017.
3367:
3172:Persecution of minority Muslim groups
3123:Islamic extremism in Northern Nigeria
2584:Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi
1515:
1504:and the first generation of Muslims (
1480:", Wahhabism has been accused by the
1472:that "Wahhabism is the source of the
8654:
8270:
7564:Operation Vigilant Guardian, Belgium
7007:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
6662:
6440:from the original on 11 January 2022
6390:from the original on 25 January 2021
6377:
6271:from the original on 5 February 2022
6116:from the original on 1 February 2022
6043:from the original on 11 January 2022
5661:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam.
5622:from the original on 12 January 2021
5522:from the original on 24 January 2023
5472:
5166:from the original on 24 January 2023
5108:
5087:from the original on 24 January 2023
5019:from the original on 24 January 2023
4963:from the original on 24 January 2023
4901:
4867:Finn, Helena Kane (8 October 2002).
4866:
4785:, were demolished under Saudi rule.
4603:from the original on 24 January 2023
4557:from the original on 4 November 2021
4437:
4373:from the original on 24 January 2023
4316:from the original on 24 January 2023
4093:from the original on 24 January 2023
3866:from the original on 11 January 2023
3745:from the original on 24 January 2023
3639:from the original on 19 January 2016
3626:
3608:from the original on 24 January 2023
3545:from the original on 2 December 2020
3358:
3339:
3261:
2738:dedicated to the establishment of a
2618:Islamic State's West Africa Province
2513:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
2342:Islamic State's West Africa Province
2337:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
1786:
1496:) and criticized for its followers'
1248:, and support the implementation of
1071:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
496:Islamic extremism dates back to the
256:Islamic extremism is different from
135:
72:
31:
7045:2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing
6409:Fouad al-Ibrahim (22 August 2014).
5810:"The al-Qaeda Brand Died Last Week"
5674:"Profile: Al-Qaeda in North Africa"
5645:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam
5416:from the original on 3 January 2022
4582:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam
3725:Naylor, Phillip (15 January 2015).
3252:
2971:According to the British historian
2165:al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent
1694:. He was a prominent leader of the
1371:
1319:was founded and spearheaded by the
943:List of Salafi Islamic universities
13:
7415:2020 Romans-sur-Isère knife attack
7410:Paris police headquarters stabbing
7298:2014 Tours police station stabbing
6719:10.1093/oso/9780197610961.001.0001
6629:
6458:
6359:from the original on 15 March 2021
6303:from the original on 10 March 2022
5848:from the original on 25 March 2021
5389:from the original on 23 April 2013
4827:
4065:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
3885:Marc Sageman (21 September 2011).
3688:
3321:from the original on 5 August 2022
3287:Casciani, Dominic (10 June 2014).
3162:List of Islamist terrorist attacks
2643:of Sunnī Islam. Originated as the
2580:Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
2567:Abu Ibrahimi al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
1569:
1433:within Sunnī Islam favored by the
860:Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh
522:political and religious succession
14:
9196:
7225:Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
6982:Spillover of the Syrian Civil War
6784:
6744:Shultz, Richard H. (April 2008).
6170:from the original on 11 June 2017
5987:"Are Boko Haram Worse Than ISIS?"
5879:from the original on 8 March 2021
5680:from the original on 12 July 2015
5588:. 21 October 2012. Archived from
4763:from the original on 26 June 2020
4695:, a group that, according to the
3912:Vincenzo Oliveti (January 2002).
3818:from the original on 28 June 2015
3466:from the original on 3 June 2018.
3386:from the original on 1 March 2021
3295:from the original on 8 March 2021
2665:a coalition of 60 other countries
2085:Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
1547:
1086:Salafi Army of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq
727:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque
47:This article has multiple issues.
9124:
9123:
9112:
8633:Schools of islamic jurisprudence
7823:Timeline of the history of Islam
7654:
7340:2016 Paris police station attack
7288:Toulouse and Montauban shootings
7002:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
6790:
6523:from the original on 4 July 2014
6161:
6134:
5562:from the original on 6 July 2014
5302:from the original on 11 May 2010
5057:. In Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.).
4834:Howden, Daniel (6 August 2005).
4711:Haider, Murtaza (22 July 2013).
4290:; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (eds.).
4239:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3033
3988:10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_SIM_224015
3224:Sectarian violence among Muslims
3106:Slavery in 21st-century jihadism
3005:
2991:
2941:
2918:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2906:
2865:
2818:
2759:
2519:
2445:
2364:
2360:, "Islamic Resistance Movement")
2358:Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyah
2255:
2170:
2090:
2032:
1967:
1855:
1790:
1327:, a religious preacher from the
1232:fundamentalist approach to Islam
1164:
1153:
937:International Islamic University
720:
647:
140:
77:
36:
16:Extreme or radical form of Islam
8984:List of ex-Muslim organisations
7463:2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting
6586:
6561:
6535:
6483:
6452:
6432:Freeman, Colin (12 June 2014).
6425:
6371:
6355:. News.com.au. 11 August 2016.
6345:
6315:
6283:
6250:
6155:
6128:
6029:
5989:. Conflict News. Archived from
5905:. 29 March 2014. Archived from
5860:
5834:
5802:
5776:
5666:
5640:
5634:
5604:
5574:
5547:
5534:
5428:
5401:
5363:
5338:
5178:
4895:
4735:
4569:
4539:
4476:
3757:
3718:
3651:
3620:
3526:
2069:al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
1962:Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
1776:Active Islamic extremist groups
1439:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
658:
456:Key influences of radical Islam
55:or discuss these issues on the
7521:2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack
7325:Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack
7012:Al-Qaeda involvement in Europe
6378:Glum, Julia (10 August 2016).
5706:. 16 June 2015. Archived from
5544:15, no. 2 (2017): pp. 108–109)
5490:University of California Press
4352:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
3767:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
3635:. The Globe and Mail Opinion.
3452:
3425:
3333:
3307:
3022:Antisemitism in the Arab world
2802:. Not to be confused with the
2596:30,000+ killed, including the
2588:Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
2331:, advocating a strict form of
2248:– West Africa Province of the
1591:
1558:
460:
392:October 2016 Shakeel Begg case
291:
1:
7605:2015 Saint-Denis, France raid
7390:Carcassonne and Trèbes attack
6611:10.1080/08935696.2018.1525966
6189:Jamail, Dahr (20 July 2006).
6005:"Global Terrorism Index 2014"
5554:Bill Roggio (26 April 2011).
4757:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
4286:; Kadi, Wadad; Mirza, Mahan;
4057:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad"
3888:Understanding Terror Networks
3731:. University of Texas Press.
3368:Baran, Zeyno (10 July 2008).
3245:
3192:Religious fanaticism in Islam
2339:(ISIL), rebranding itself as
1758:against what he perceived as
1376:uniqueness and oneness of God
917:Islamic University of Madinah
573:), and therefore deemed them
485:
415:Extremist Islamic positions
8969:Apostasy in Islam by country
8836:Liberalism and progressivism
7559:Opération Sentinelle, France
6833:Islamic extremism by country
6572:. Pluto Press. p. 115.
6384:International Business Times
6191:"Hezbollah's transformation"
5649:. Harvard University Press.
5053:Moussalli, Ahmad S. (2012).
4873:Council on Foreign Relations
4743:"Wahhābī (Islamic movement)"
4675:, via Israel, Saudi Arabia,
3627:Khan, Sheema (12 May 2018).
3187:Racism in Muslim communities
2007:which aims to overthrow the
1947:influences by following the
1718:Middle East and North Africa
1638:regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser
1405:branch of Sunnī Islam, with
7:
9160:Islam-related controversies
7375:2017 Champs-Élysées ramming
7355:2016 Normandy church attack
7250:August 2017 Brussels attack
7146:2019 London Bridge stabbing
7141:Parsons Green train bombing
7081:2017 Stockholm truck attack
6943:Islamic terrorism in Europe
6701:Ramakrishna, Kumar (2022).
4811:The Muslim World After 9/11
3702:A New Introduction to Islam
3113:Islam Yes, Islamic Party No
2984:
2936:National Thowheeth Jama'ath
2798:hiding in the mountains of
2325:Islamic fundamentalist sect
1325:Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab
1238:and his earliest followers—
167:conditions to do so are met
100:, discuss the issue on the
10:
9201:
8886:
7610:2017 Saint Petersburg raid
7600:2016 Brussels police raids
7526:2019 Utrecht tram shooting
7440:2023 Arras school stabbing
7420:2020 Paris stabbing attack
7365:2017 Champs-Élysées attack
7303:2015 Île-de-France attacks
7186:2004 Madrid train bombings
6754:Colorado Springs, Colorado
6676:W. W. Norton & Company
6642:Homegrown: ISIS in America
6164:"Hizballah (Party of God)"
5958:Combating Terrorism Center
5755:Combating Terrorism Center
5444:by Dale C. Eikmeier. From
4300:Princeton University Press
3846:Homegrown: ISIS in America
3411:. Peter Lang. p. 36.
3101:Slavery and religion#Islam
2957:269 (excluding 9 bombers)
2794:groups protecting foreign
1975:Kabylie Mountains, Algeria
1704:In the shade of the Qurʾān
1595:
1584:
1573:
1562:
1551:
1522:Political aspects of Islam
1519:
1476:". As part of the global "
677:
667:
651:
500:with the emergence of the
489:
18:
9107:
8992:
8959:
8899:
8895:
8881:
8808:
8775:
8747:Geography and cartography
8722:
8669:
8665:
8649:
8475:
8397:
8344:
8293:
8289:
8265:
8135:
7959:
7919:
7802:
7754:
7678:
7674:
7663:
7577:
7551:
7542:
7506:
7493:2020 Dresden knife attack
7488:2017 Hamburg knife attack
7453:
7345:2016 Magnanville stabbing
7268:
7245:June 2017 Brussels attack
7215:
7199:
7173:
7136:2017 London Bridge attack
7076:2015 Copenhagen shootings
7063:
7037:
7030:
6992:Brussels ISIL terror cell
6949:
6838:
6769:. Yale University Press.
6765:Ullah, Haroon K. (2017).
6215:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5786:. Cfr.org. Archived from
5450:, Spring 2007, pp. 85–98.
4943:Santa Barbara, California
4501:SOAS University of London
4487:in post-9/11 Indonesia".
4452:10.1355/9789814818001-006
4160:10.1163/9789004435544_019
3118:Islamic extremism in Mali
3059:Islam and other religions
2967:Foreign political support
2749:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
2057:Under 100 (French claim)
1782:
1706:) and his 1966 manifesto
1652:that he yearned for. The
1220:(reform) movement within
1029:International propagation
927:Jamia Salafia, Faisalabad
785:Muhammad Hayaat Al-Sindhi
532:) after the death of the
274:Muslim-majority countries
9066:Islamic view of miracles
7483:2016 Berlin truck attack
7435:Rambouillet knife attack
7360:2017 Orly Airport attack
7330:2015 Thalys train attack
7131:Manchester Arena bombing
5844:. CNN. 14 January 2015.
5676:. BBC. 17 January 2013.
5243:10.1177/0261927X19868494
4987:"The Jihadists pre-9/11"
4985:Aydınlı, Ersel (2018) .
4489:South East Asia Research
4404:oxfordislamicstudies.com
3405:Brian R. Farmer (2007).
3091:Islamic views on slavery
3079:Religious violence#Islam
2901:Allied Democratic Forces
2724:), is a Southeast Asian
2078:Ansar al-Sharia in Yemen
2062:2015 Bamako hotel attack
1644:formed the organization
1268:Salafi-Jihadist movement
1234:, emulating the Prophet
1109:Associated organizations
813:Founders and key figures
19:Not to be confused with
8821:Creationism (evolution)
7516:Murder of Theo van Gogh
7395:2018 Paris knife attack
7385:2017 Marseille stabbing
7380:Levallois-Perret attack
7151:2020 Streatham stabbing
7126:2017 Westminster attack
7071:2010 Stockholm bombings
7055:Crocus City Hall attack
6711:Oxford University Press
6461:"Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)"
5357:New York Times Magazine
5350:9 December 2022 at the
5326:9 December 2022 at the
5134:10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfdq.40
4748:Encyclopædia Britannica
4408:Oxford University Press
4357:Oxford University Press
4032:10.1057/9781137313492_5
3764:Esposito, John (2004).
2458:Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah
2250:Islamic State Caliphate
2136:Over 250 killed in the
2011:and replace it with an
1727:According to Qutb, the
1435:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
1323:scholar and theologian
1272:terrorist organizations
932:Jamia Salafia, Varanasi
891:List of Salafi scholars
738:Theology and Influences
524:to the guidance of the
9165:Islamic fundamentalism
9081:Persecution of Muslims
8979:List of former Muslims
7828:Succession to Muhammad
7569:Operation Temperer, UK
7498:2024 Mannheim stabbing
7400:2018 Strasbourg attack
7370:2017 Notre Dame attack
7350:2016 Nice truck attack
7308:Charlie Hebdo shooting
7293:2013 La Défense attack
7278:Air France Flight 8969
7260:2023 Brussels shooting
7230:2016 Brussels bombings
7191:2017 Barcelona attacks
7181:2003 Istanbul bombings
7156:2020 Reading stabbings
7116:Glasgow Airport attack
6795:Quotations related to
5641:Kepel, Gilles (2002).
5558:. Longwarjournal.org.
5508:10.1525/j.ctv1xxt55.10
4779:early history of Islam
4509:10.5367/sear.2010.0015
4410:. 2020. Archived from
4222:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3700:Brown, Daniel (2017).
2736:terrorist organization
2638:Islamic fundamentalist
2634:terrorist organization
2327:and influenced by the
2217:terrorist organization
2005:terrorist organization
1949:doctrine and teachings
1929:terrorist organization
1646:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
1618:
1502:early history of Islam
974:Islamic fundamentalism
912:Umm al-Qura University
760:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
664:Salafism and Wahhabism
520:was disputed over the
498:early history of Islam
474:, the writings of the
453:
411:'s findings he wrote:
353:Islamic fundamentalism
258:Islamic fundamentalism
223:
21:Islamic fundamentalism
8865:Conversion to mosques
8732:Alchemy and chemistry
7473:Würzburg train attack
7425:Murder of Samuel Paty
7161:Murder of David Amess
6498:27 March 2009 at the
5126:Yale University Press
3658:Hasan, Usama (2012).
3027:Antisemitism in Islam
2645:Islamic State of Iraq
2551:(founder 1999 – 2006)
2473:targeting Israel and
2465:Since 1982, numerous
2392:targeting Israel and
2384:Since 1988, numerous
2067:Affiliated branch of
2009:Government of Algeria
1605:
1014:Sufi-Salafi relations
964:Ahl-i Hadith movement
678:Further information:
413:
360:UK High Court rulings
218:
9185:Religious fanaticism
9180:Political ideologies
8591:Ma malakat aymanukum
8166:Association football
8065:Moderate Kharijites
7478:2016 Ansbach bombing
7111:2005 London bombings
6678:. pp. 147–168.
6648:. pp. 111–148.
5954:West Point, New York
5818:. 6 September 2011.
5751:West Point, New York
5492:. pp. 102–110.
5128:. pp. 370–380.
4931:Gallagher, Eugene V.
4902:Cook, David (2015).
4632:. Washington, D.C.:
4497:Taylor & Francis
4302:. pp. 231–232.
4153:. pp. 333–347.
4071:. pp. 260–261.
3852:. pp. 111–148.
3728:North Africa Revised
3340:Cook, David (2015).
3262:Cook, David (2015).
3064:Islam and secularism
2554:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
2541:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
2535:occupied territories
2422:historical Palestine
2414:rhetoric, calls for
2403:. Its 1988 founding
2028:al-Qaeda West Africa
1804:adding missing items
1581:Abul A'la al-Maududi
1500:associated with the
1450:September 11 attacks
1448:22 months after the
1384:heretical innovation
905:Notable universities
577:for their perceived
380:May 2016 appeal case
221:Innocence of Muslims
106:create a new article
98:improve this article
88:may not represent a
7121:Murder of Lee Rigby
6957:Terrorism in Europe
6709:and New York City:
6471:on 16 February 2012
6017:on 16 February 2015
5903:The Sunday Guardian
5482:Understanding Jihad
5440:9 June 2007 at the
4997:. pp. 65–109.
4904:Understanding Jihad
4879:on 4 September 2014
4685:The Washington Post
4681:U.S. troops in Iraq
4026:. pp. 81–100.
3342:Understanding Jihad
3264:Understanding Jihad
3037:Christian terrorism
2766:Northwest Pakistan
2138:2012 Sana'a bombing
1980:Abdelmalek Droukdel
1634:Egyptian government
1512:) in Saudi Arabia.
1482:European Parliament
1214:is a conservative,
1160:Politics portal
850:Jamal al-Din Qasimi
468:peace of Westphalia
409:Charles Haddon-Cave
341:, prefers the term
297:Academic definition
154:of this article is
9155:Islam and politics
9086:Quran and miracles
9000:Criticism of Islam
8704:Geometric patterns
8556:Gender segregation
8127:Non-denominational
7430:2020 Nice stabbing
7335:2015 Paris attacks
7320:2015 Nice stabbing
7207:2020 Vienna attack
7091:2022 Oslo shooting
6972:Islam and violence
6599:Rethinking Marxism
6549:on 11 January 2019
6421:on 24 August 2014.
6329:. 11 August 2016.
6080:. pp. 30–32.
6074:Tacoma, Washington
6069:Middle East Report
5873:The New York Times
5592:on 23 October 2012
5335:(1 November 2001).
5296:The New York Times
4949:. pp. 13–15.
4848:on 20 October 2011
4656:war against terror
4589:. pp. 61–62.
4553:. 5 October 2016.
4446:. pp. 63–88.
4024:Palgrave Macmillan
3667:Quiliam Foundation
3633:The Globe and Mail
3069:Islam and violence
2796:Islamic terrorists
2500:Islamic revolution
2496:Ayatollah Khomeini
2441:The Party of Allah
2401:Muslim Brotherhood
2142:2013 Sana'a attack
2053:Mokhtar Belmokhtar
1802:; you can help by
1700:Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān
1696:Muslim Brotherhood
1678:ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh
1658:Islamic terrorists
1626:Muslim Brotherhood
1619:
1516:Contemporary Islam
1288:Muslim Brotherhood
1280:ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh
1260:militant activists
1136:Authenticity Party
1131:Muslim Brotherhood
1009:Salafist terrorism
957:Related ideologies
840:Syed Nazeer Husain
820:Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
790:Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
642:Islamic heartlands
541:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib
282:Islamic terrorists
231:Islamist extremism
224:
9170:Islamic practices
9150:Islamic extremism
9137:
9136:
9103:
9102:
9099:
9098:
9071:Domestic violence
9061:Islamic terrorism
9056:Islamic extremism
8877:
8876:
8873:
8872:
8645:
8644:
8641:
8640:
8431:Marriage contract
8261:
8260:
8221:Political aspects
7950:Story of Prophets
7719:Prophets of Islam
7622:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7595:Brussels lockdown
7538:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7445:2023 Paris attack
7405:2019 Lyon bombing
7313:Hypercacher siege
7255:2018 Liège attack
7169:
7168:
7086:2017 Turku attack
6997:Cannes-Torcy cell
6967:Islamic extremism
6962:Islamic terrorism
6909:
6908:
6797:Islamic extremism
6760:. pp. 42–86.
6685:978-0-393-06211-3
6655:978-1-7883-1485-5
6579:978-1-84964-937-7
6415:Al Akhbar English
6299:. 10 March 2022.
6267:. New York City.
5993:on 17 March 2015.
5234:SAGE Publications
5191:The Looming Tower
5143:978-0-300-22290-6
5065:. pp. 9–26.
5004:978-1-315-56139-4
4956:978-1-4408-6235-9
4664:19 suicide pilots
4585:. New York City:
4499:on behalf of the
4355:. New York City:
4343:Esposito, John L.
4309:978-0-691-13484-0
4288:Stewart, Devin J.
4280:Böwering, Gerhard
4248:978-90-04-16121-4
4213:van Donzel, E. J.
4170:978-90-04-43554-4
4131:Cusack, Carole M.
4107:cite encyclopedia
4067:. New York City:
4041:978-1-137-31349-2
4022:. New York City:
3962:van Donzel, E. J.
3925:978-0-9543729-0-3
3918:. Amadeus Books.
3898:978-0-8122-0679-1
3859:978-1-7883-1485-5
3594:. pp. 1–20.
3576:Izutsu, Toshihiko
3445:978-0-7658-0769-4
3418:978-0-8204-8843-1
3317:. February 2019.
3239:Violent extremism
3138:Islamic terrorism
3084:Holy war in Islam
3052:Hindu nationalism
2964:
2963:
2888:Jammu and Kashmir
2854:Lashkar-e Tayyiba
2841:Jammu and Kashmir
2770:Maulana Fazlullah
2755:Pakistani Taliban
2636:that follows the
2130:
2115:
2103:Nasir al-Wuhayshi
2060:Killed 27 in the
1915:4,400 casualties
1908:; 2022–present)
1889:Ayman al-Zawahiri
1820:
1819:
1768:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
1708:Maʿālim fīl-ṭarīq
1672:, as well as the
1666:Ayman al-Zawahiri
1642:Ayman al-Zawahiri
1611:Ayman al-Zawahiri
1587:Abul A'la Maududi
1532:Ottoman Caliphate
1530:(1908–1922), the
1506:Muhammad's family
1464:and U.S. Senator
1296:Islamist movement
1240:al-salaf al-salih
1205:
1204:
1034:by country/region
845:Siddiq Hasan Khan
243:Islamic supremacy
227:Islamic extremism
213:
212:
205:
195:
194:
187:
134:
133:
126:
108:, as appropriate.
70:
9192:
9127:
9126:
9119:Islam portal
9117:
9116:
9115:
8897:
8896:
8889:
8883:
8882:
8724:Medieval science
8667:
8666:
8657:
8651:
8650:
8308:Economic history
8291:
8290:
8267:
8266:
8253:Islam by country
8038:Bektashi Alevism
7676:
7675:
7667:Outline of Islam
7649:
7642:
7635:
7626:
7625:
7549:
7548:
7468:Hanover stabbing
7213:
7212:
7097:
7096:
7035:
7034:
6936:
6929:
6922:
6913:
6912:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6804:
6803:
6794:
6780:
6761:
6740:
6697:
6659:
6638:"The Ideologues"
6623:
6622:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6539:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6508:
6502:
6487:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6467:. Archived from
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6417:. Archived from
6406:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6287:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6214:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6159:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6148:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6072:. No. 156.
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6039:. 12 June 2014.
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6016:
6009:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5966:
5941:
5932:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5909:on 30 March 2016
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5864:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5763:
5738:
5729:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5648:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5608:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5551:
5545:
5542:Islamic Sciences
5538:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5484:(2nd ed.).
5470:
5451:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5408:Trevor Stanley.
5405:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5388:
5375:
5367:
5361:
5360:(23 March 2003).
5342:
5336:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5255:
5245:
5221:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5110:Polk, William R.
5106:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5050:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
4982:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4927:
4918:
4917:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4886:
4884:
4875:. Archived from
4864:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4844:. Archived from
4831:
4825:
4824:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:have been razed.
4787:Preservationists
4770:
4768:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4647:
4645:
4636:. 26 June 2003.
4622:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4444:ISEAS Publishing
4435:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4396:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4339:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4268:
4253:
4252:
4231:Brill Publishers
4225:(2nd ed.).
4217:Heinrichs, W. P.
4196:
4183:
4182:
4162:
4151:Brill Publishers
4126:
4117:
4116:
4110:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4011:
4002:
4001:
3980:Brill Publishers
3966:Heinrichs, W. P.
3945:
3930:
3929:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3842:"The Ideologues"
3837:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3814:. 27 June 2015.
3802:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3697:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3676:on 2 August 2014
3675:
3669:. Archived from
3664:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3572:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3514:
3506:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3485:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3259:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2945:
2910:
2886:Aim is to annex
2869:
2839:Aim is to annex
2822:
2813:Jaish-e-Mohammed
2763:
2740:Daulah Islamiyah
2710:Abu Bakar Bashir
2681:Southeast Asia:
2674:Jemaah Islamiyah
2653:currently at war
2641:Wahhabi doctrine
2616:, rebranded as "
2575:
2562:
2549:
2523:
2449:
2368:
2329:Wahhabi doctrine
2308:
2293:
2259:
2235:to establish an
2174:
2128:
2126:
2113:
2111:
2094:
2036:
1971:
1897:
1884:
1859:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1729:Muslim community
1676:terrorist group
1654:Qutbist ideology
1490:Muslim community
1486:RAND Corporation
1462:Stephen Schwartz
1373:
1317:Wahhabi movement
1197:
1190:
1183:
1171:Islam portal
1169:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1091:Takfir wal-Hijra
1049:Salafi terrorism
724:
715:
709:
708:
705:
696:
695:
526:Muslim community
339:Hudson Institute
208:
201:
190:
183:
179:
176:
170:
144:
143:
136:
129:
122:
118:
115:
109:
81:
80:
73:
62:
40:
39:
32:
9200:
9199:
9195:
9194:
9193:
9191:
9190:
9189:
9140:
9139:
9138:
9133:
9113:
9111:
9095:
9017:Cultural Muslim
8988:
8955:
8901:Other religions
8891:
8887:
8869:
8804:
8771:
8718:
8661:
8659:Islamic studies
8655:
8637:
8471:
8416:
8393:
8340:
8285:
8284:
8257:
8206:Moral teachings
8149:
8131:
8105:Nation of Islam
8018:Twelver Shi'ism
7955:
7921:Religious texts
7915:
7833:Early conquests
7816:
7798:
7750:
7670:
7659:
7653:
7623:
7614:
7573:
7544:
7530:
7502:
7449:
7264:
7211:
7195:
7165:
7102:
7095:
7059:
7026:
7022:Salafi jihadism
6945:
6940:
6910:
6905:
6834:
6831:
6787:
6777:
6729:
6686:
6656:
6632:
6630:Further reading
6627:
6626:
6591:
6587:
6580:
6566:
6562:
6552:
6550:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6526:
6524:
6509:
6505:
6500:Wayback Machine
6488:
6484:
6474:
6472:
6457:
6453:
6443:
6441:
6430:
6426:
6407:
6403:
6393:
6391:
6376:
6372:
6362:
6360:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6336:
6334:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6306:
6304:
6289:
6288:
6284:
6274:
6272:
6255:
6251:
6241:
6239:
6228:
6224:
6208:
6207:
6200:
6198:
6187:
6183:
6173:
6171:
6160:
6156:
6146:
6144:
6133:
6129:
6119:
6117:
6086:10.2307/3012813
6060:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6007:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5939:
5933:
5922:
5912:
5910:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5882:
5880:
5865:
5861:
5851:
5849:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5825:
5823:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5736:
5730:
5723:
5713:
5711:
5710:on 16 June 2015
5698:
5697:
5693:
5683:
5681:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5657:
5639:
5635:
5625:
5623:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5595:
5593:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5565:
5563:
5552:
5548:
5539:
5535:
5525:
5523:
5500:
5471:
5454:
5442:Wayback Machine
5433:
5429:
5419:
5417:
5406:
5402:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5352:Wayback Machine
5343:
5339:
5328:Wayback Machine
5319:
5315:
5305:
5303:
5288:
5284:
5274:
5272:
5219:
5213:
5209:
5202:
5186:Lawrence Wright
5183:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5152:j.ctv1bvnfdq.40
5144:
5107:
5100:
5090:
5088:
5073:
5051:
5032:
5022:
5020:
5005:
4983:
4976:
4966:
4964:
4957:
4941:. Vol. 1.
4928:
4921:
4914:
4900:
4896:
4882:
4880:
4865:
4861:
4851:
4849:
4841:The Independent
4832:
4828:
4821:
4807:
4803:
4766:
4764:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4726:
4724:
4709:
4705:
4643:
4641:
4630:www.govinfo.gov
4624:
4623:
4616:
4606:
4604:
4597:
4574:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4481:
4477:
4462:
4436:
4427:
4417:
4415:
4414:on 12 July 2016
4398:
4397:
4386:
4376:
4374:
4367:
4359:. p. 123.
4340:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4310:
4284:Crone, Patricia
4272:Haykel, Bernard
4269:
4256:
4249:
4209:Bosworth, C. E.
4197:
4186:
4171:
4127:
4120:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4094:
4079:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3958:Bosworth, C. E.
3946:
3933:
3926:
3910:
3906:
3899:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3867:
3860:
3838:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3804:
3803:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3739:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3698:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3662:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3602:
3592:Keio University
3573:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3490:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3372:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3260:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3212:Salafi jihadism
3197:Salafi movement
3042:Hindu terrorism
3013:Politics portal
3011:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2969:
2804:Afghani Taliban
2752:
2624:Salafi-jihadist
2590:(2023–present)
2578:
2571:
2565:
2558:
2552:
2545:
2471:suicide bombers
2438:
2426:State of Israel
2420:to take all of
2390:suicide bombers
2361:
2355:
2304:
2300:Abubakar Shekau
2298:
2289:
2278:, and northern
2156:U.S. Government
2122:
2116:
2107:
2081:
2025:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1876:Osama bin Laden
1816:
1810:
1807:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1720:and across the
1682:Anwar al-Awlaki
1662:Osama bin Laden
1650:Islamic revival
1607:Osama bin Laden
1600:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1578:
1576:Hassan al-Banna
1572:
1570:Hassan al-Banna
1567:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1524:
1518:
1364:Kitāb at-Tawḥīd
1201:
1165:
1163:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1076:Salafia Jihadia
1056:Salafi Jihadism
1051:
1041:
1040:
1004:Salafi jihadism
959:
949:
948:
907:
897:
896:
830:Osama bin Laden
815:
805:
804:
775:Ibn Abd al-Hadi
740:
730:
713:Salafi movement
711:
710:
703:
700:
699:
694:
692:Salafi jihadism
676:
670:Salafi movement
668:Main articles:
666:
661:
656:
650:
630:Ethiopian slave
622:'Abbasid period
575:worthy of death
534:Islamic prophet
494:
488:
463:
458:
394:
382:
362:
316:
299:
294:
278:political Islam
209:
198:
197:
196:
191:
180:
174:
171:
160:
145:
141:
130:
119:
113:
110:
95:
82:
78:
41:
37:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9198:
9188:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9135:
9134:
9132:
9131:
9121:
9108:
9105:
9104:
9101:
9100:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9052:
9051:
9041:
9040:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9019:
9014:
9013:
9012:
9007:
8996:
8994:
8993:Related topics
8990:
8989:
8987:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8965:
8963:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8927:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8905:
8903:
8893:
8892:
8879:
8878:
8875:
8874:
8871:
8870:
8868:
8867:
8862:
8855:
8850:
8849:
8848:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8812:
8810:
8806:
8805:
8803:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8781:
8779:
8773:
8772:
8770:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8728:
8726:
8720:
8719:
8717:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8675:
8673:
8663:
8662:
8647:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8639:
8638:
8636:
8635:
8630:
8629:
8628:
8616:
8614:Sources of law
8611:
8606:
8605:
8604:
8594:
8587:
8582:
8575:
8570:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8521:
8514:
8513:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8492:
8487:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8462:
8455:
8448:
8441:
8434:
8427:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8391:
8384:
8379:
8372:
8365:
8358:
8350:
8348:
8342:
8341:
8339:
8338:
8331:
8324:
8317:
8310:
8305:
8299:
8297:
8287:
8286:
8283:
8282:
8277:
8271:
8263:
8262:
8259:
8258:
8256:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8238:Social welfare
8235:
8230:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8152:
8150:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8107:
8102:
8101:
8100:
8095:
8094:
8093:
8088:
8087:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8063:
8049:
8048:
8047:
8042:
8041:
8040:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8010:
8005:
8004:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7965:
7963:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7925:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7864:
7859:
7852:
7845:
7843:Historiography
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7814:
7809:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7789:
7782:
7775:
7768:
7760:
7758:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7715:
7714:
7704:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7684:
7682:
7672:
7671:
7664:
7661:
7660:
7652:
7651:
7644:
7637:
7629:
7620:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7574:
7572:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7555:
7553:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7536:
7535:
7532:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7512:
7510:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7459:
7457:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7316:
7315:
7310:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7274:
7272:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7221:
7219:
7210:
7209:
7203:
7201:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7177:
7175:
7171:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7105:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7039:
7032:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6953:
6951:
6947:
6946:
6939:
6938:
6931:
6924:
6916:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6899:
6897:United Kingdom
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6830:
6829:
6822:
6815:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6786:
6785:External links
6783:
6782:
6781:
6776:978-0300231106
6775:
6762:
6741:
6727:
6698:
6684:
6660:
6654:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6585:
6578:
6560:
6534:
6503:
6482:
6451:
6424:
6401:
6370:
6344:
6314:
6282:
6249:
6222:
6181:
6154:
6127:
6054:
6028:
5996:
5978:
5920:
5890:
5859:
5833:
5801:
5790:on 15 May 2017
5775:
5721:
5691:
5665:
5655:
5633:
5603:
5573:
5546:
5533:
5498:
5452:
5427:
5400:
5362:
5337:
5313:
5282:
5207:
5200:
5177:
5142:
5098:
5071:
5030:
5003:
4974:
4955:
4919:
4912:
4894:
4859:
4826:
4819:
4801:
4734:
4703:
4614:
4595:
4568:
4538:
4475:
4460:
4425:
4384:
4365:
4345:, ed. (2004).
4327:
4308:
4254:
4247:
4201:Bearman, P. J.
4184:
4169:
4135:Upal, M. Afzal
4118:
4078:978-0816062591
4077:
4047:
4040:
4003:
3997:978-9004161214
3996:
3950:Bearman, P. J.
3931:
3924:
3904:
3897:
3877:
3858:
3829:
3790:
3776:
3756:
3737:
3717:
3710:
3687:
3650:
3619:
3600:
3580:"The Infidel (
3556:
3525:
3496:
3469:
3451:
3444:
3424:
3417:
3397:
3357:
3350:
3332:
3306:
3279:
3272:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3002:
2986:
2983:
2975:, in his book
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2904:
2896:
2895:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2873:Kashmir, India
2870:
2863:
2849:
2848:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2826:Kashmir, India
2823:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2764:
2757:
2744:
2743:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2621:
2594:
2591:
2538:
2524:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2478:
2467:rocket attacks
2463:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2397:
2386:rocket attacks
2382:
2379:
2377:Khaled Meshaal
2374:
2369:
2362:
2347:
2346:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2285:Mohammed Yusuf
2282:
2260:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2145:
2134:
2131:
2118:Qasim al-Raymi
2100:
2095:
2088:
2073:
2072:
2071:listed above.
2065:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2037:
2030:
2022:Al-Mourabitoun
2017:
2016:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1939:, and rid the
1933:Islamic states
1916:
1913:
1910:
1873:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1772:
1596:Main article:
1593:
1590:
1585:Main article:
1582:
1579:
1574:Main article:
1571:
1568:
1563:Main article:
1560:
1557:
1554:Muhammad Abduh
1552:Main article:
1549:
1548:Muhammad Abduh
1546:
1520:Main article:
1517:
1514:
1403:fundamentalist
1333:central Arabia
1227:Salaf al-Salih
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:Salafist Front
1118:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
994:Sahwa movement
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
960:
955:
954:
951:
950:
947:
946:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
908:
903:
902:
899:
898:
895:
894:
887:
885:Zubair Ali Zai
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
816:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
797:
795:Ismail Dehlavi
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
736:
735:
732:
731:
725:
717:
716:
665:
662:
660:
657:
652:Main article:
649:
646:
638:
637:
633:
490:Main article:
487:
484:
462:
459:
457:
454:
393:
390:
381:
378:
377:
376:
369:
361:
358:
357:
356:
349:
315:
312:
311:
310:
307:
298:
295:
293:
290:
251:fragile states
211:
210:
193:
192:
148:
146:
139:
132:
131:
114:September 2016
92:of the subject
90:worldwide view
85:
83:
76:
71:
45:
44:
42:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9197:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9130:
9122:
9120:
9110:
9109:
9106:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9050:
9047:
9046:
9045:
9042:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9032:Post-Islamism
9030:
9028:
9025:
9024:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9002:
9001:
8998:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8966:
8964:
8962:
8958:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8925:
8924:Protestantism
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8911:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8902:
8898:
8894:
8884:
8880:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8860:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8847:
8844:
8843:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8782:
8780:
8778:
8774:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8762:Ophthalmology
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8729:
8727:
8725:
8721:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8672:
8668:
8664:
8660:
8652:
8648:
8634:
8631:
8627:
8626:
8622:
8621:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8603:
8600:
8599:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8592:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8580:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8568:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8526:
8522:
8520:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8510:Death penalty
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8485:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8476:Other aspects
8474:
8468:
8467:
8463:
8461:
8460:
8456:
8454:
8453:
8449:
8447:
8446:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8435:
8433:
8432:
8428:
8426:
8425:
8421:
8420:
8418:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8377:
8373:
8371:
8370:
8366:
8364:
8363:
8359:
8357:
8356:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8347:
8343:
8337:
8336:
8332:
8330:
8329:
8325:
8323:
8322:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8281:
8280:Jurisprudence
8278:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8268:
8264:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8228:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8137:
8134:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8099:
8096:
8092:
8089:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8053:
8050:
8046:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7962:
7961:Denominations
7958:
7952:
7951:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7922:
7918:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7857:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7804:
7801:
7795:
7794:
7790:
7788:
7787:
7783:
7781:
7780:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7757:
7753:
7747:
7746:Holiest sites
7744:
7742:
7741:Judgement Day
7739:
7737:
7736:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7713:
7710:
7709:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7668:
7662:
7657:
7650:
7645:
7643:
7638:
7636:
7631:
7630:
7627:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7550:
7547:
7541:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7509:
7505:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7283:1995 bombings
7281:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7271:
7267:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7218:
7214:
7208:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7172:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7098:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7036:
7033:
7029:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6937:
6932:
6930:
6925:
6923:
6918:
6917:
6914:
6903:
6902:United States
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6828:
6823:
6821:
6816:
6814:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6798:
6793:
6789:
6788:
6778:
6772:
6768:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6742:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6728:9780197610961
6724:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6589:
6581:
6575:
6571:
6564:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6507:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6491:
6486:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6459:Zalman, Amy.
6455:
6439:
6435:
6428:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6405:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6374:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6318:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6286:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6253:
6237:
6233:
6226:
6218:
6212:
6196:
6192:
6185:
6169:
6165:
6158:
6142:
6138:
6131:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6058:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6013:
6006:
6000:
5992:
5988:
5982:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5946:
5938:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5863:
5847:
5843:
5837:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5789:
5785:
5779:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5735:
5728:
5726:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5695:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5662:
5658:
5656:9780674008779
5652:
5647:
5646:
5637:
5621:
5617:
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5499:9780520287327
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5218:
5211:
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5201:0-375-41486-X
5197:
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5192:
5188:(2006). "2".
5187:
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5072:9781138577824
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4913:9780520287327
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4891:
4878:
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4870:
4863:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4830:
4822:
4820:0-8330-3712-9
4816:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4762:
4759:9 June 2020.
4758:
4754:
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4722:
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4661:
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4627:
4621:
4619:
4602:
4598:
4596:9781845112578
4592:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4577:Kepel, Gilles
4572:
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4471:
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4461:9789814818001
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4442:. Singapore:
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4366:0-19-512559-2
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4348:
4344:
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4334:
4332:
4315:
4311:
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4301:
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4296:Princeton, NJ
4293:
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4232:
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4214:
4210:
4206:
4205:Bianquis, Th.
4202:
4195:
4193:
4191:
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4180:
4176:
4172:
4166:
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4156:
4152:
4148:
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4136:
4132:
4125:
4123:
4114:
4108:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4069:Facts On File
4066:
4062:
4061:Archived copy
4058:
4051:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4010:
4008:
3999:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3954:Bianquis, Th.
3951:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3916:
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3900:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3881:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3834:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3811:The Economist
3807:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3779:
3777:9780195125597
3773:
3769:
3768:
3760:
3744:
3740:
3738:9780292761926
3734:
3730:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3711:9781118953464
3707:
3703:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3607:
3603:
3601:983-9154-70-2
3597:
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3583:
3577:
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3511:
3505:
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3489:
3482:
3476:
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3455:
3447:
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3428:
3420:
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3382:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3351:9780520287327
3347:
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3273:9780520287327
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3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3155:Post-Islamism
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
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3119:
3116:
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3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:Islam and war
3072:
3070:
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3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
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3008:
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2989:
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2639:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:Shīʿa Muslims
2599:
2595:
2592:
2589:
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2581:
2576:
2574:
2568:
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2555:
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2437:
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2432:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2410:
2407:, steeped in
2406:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:(acronym for
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
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2309:
2307:
2301:
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2281:
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2265:
2262:Northeastern
2261:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2237:Islamic state
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
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2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2193:
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2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2161:
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2146:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2112:
2110:
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2101:
2099:
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2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2013:Islamic state
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:", implement
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1798:This list is
1796:
1789:
1788:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1750:restore Islam
1747:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:Salafi-jihadi
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
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1599:
1588:
1577:
1566:
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1543:
1542:
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1529:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:War on terror
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:al-Muwaḥḥidūn
1424:
1420:
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1381:
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1369:
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1361:
1359:
1354:
1350:
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1338:
1337:House of Saud
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
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1198:
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1139:
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1129:
1127:
1126:Salafist Call
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:Al-Nour Party
1114:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
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1079:
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1000:
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773:
771:
768:
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758:
756:
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745:Ahl al-Hadith
743:
742:
739:
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733:
728:
723:
719:
718:
714:
706:
698:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
675:
671:
655:
654:Ibn Taymiyyah
648:Ibn Taymiyyah
645:
643:
634:
631:
627:
626:
625:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
602:
600:
596:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:false Muslims
564:
560:
556:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
493:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
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434:
430:
426:
423:
419:
416:
412:
410:
405:
403:
399:
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387:
374:
370:
367:
366:
365:
354:
350:
347:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:
326:
324:
319:
308:
304:
303:
302:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:Islamic state
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
246:
244:
240:
236:
235:radical Islam
232:
228:
222:
217:
207:
204:
189:
186:
178:
168:
164:
158:
157:
153:
147:
138:
137:
128:
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117:
107:
103:
99:
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75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
26:
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9044:Islamophobia
8909:Christianity
8857:
8790:Contemporary
8684:Architecture
8623:
8589:
8577:
8565:
8523:
8516:
8482:
8464:
8459:Nikah mut'ah
8457:
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7777:
7770:
7763:
7756:Five Pillars
7733:
7699:
7688:God in Islam
7665:
6966:
6882:South Africa
6799:at Wikiquote
6766:
6758:USAF Academy
6749:
6702:
6671:
6641:
6602:
6598:
6588:
6569:
6563:
6553:16 September
6551:. Retrieved
6547:the original
6537:
6525:. Retrieved
6506:
6489:
6485:
6473:. Retrieved
6469:the original
6454:
6442:. Retrieved
6427:
6419:the original
6414:
6404:
6392:. Retrieved
6383:
6373:
6361:. Retrieved
6347:
6335:. Retrieved
6327:The Guardian
6326:
6317:
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6294:
6285:
6273:. Retrieved
6262:
6252:
6240:. Retrieved
6225:
6199:. Retrieved
6194:
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6172:. Retrieved
6162:Pike, John.
6157:
6145:. Retrieved
6135:Pike, John.
6130:
6118:. Retrieved
6067:
6057:
6045:. Retrieved
6031:
6019:. Retrieved
6012:the original
5999:
5991:the original
5981:
5969:. Retrieved
5949:
5945:CTC Sentinel
5943:
5911:. Retrieved
5907:the original
5902:
5893:
5881:. Retrieved
5872:
5862:
5850:. Retrieved
5836:
5824:. Retrieved
5813:
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5792:. Retrieved
5788:the original
5778:
5766:. Retrieved
5746:
5742:CTC Sentinel
5740:
5712:. Retrieved
5708:the original
5703:
5694:
5682:. Retrieved
5668:
5660:
5644:
5636:
5624:. Retrieved
5615:
5606:
5594:. Retrieved
5590:the original
5585:
5576:
5564:. Retrieved
5549:
5541:
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5524:. Retrieved
5481:
5445:
5430:
5418:. Retrieved
5403:
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5377:
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5340:
5332:The Guardian
5330:
5316:
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5295:
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5229:
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5124:and London:
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5058:
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4990:
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4938:
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4881:. Retrieved
4877:the original
4872:
4862:
4850:. Retrieved
4846:the original
4839:
4829:
4810:
4804:
4772:
4765:. Retrieved
4746:
4737:
4725:. Retrieved
4719:. Pakistan.
4716:
4706:
4684:
4660:Saudi Arabia
4652:11 September
4649:
4642:. Retrieved
4629:
4605:. Retrieved
4581:
4571:
4559:. Retrieved
4550:
4541:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4439:
4416:. Retrieved
4412:the original
4403:
4375:. Retrieved
4350:
4318:. Retrieved
4291:
4220:
4138:
4095:. Retrieved
4064:
4060:
4050:
4019:
3969:
3914:
3907:
3887:
3880:
3868:. Retrieved
3845:
3820:. Retrieved
3809:
3781:. Retrieved
3766:
3759:
3747:. Retrieved
3727:
3720:
3701:
3678:. Retrieved
3671:the original
3666:
3653:
3641:. Retrieved
3632:
3622:
3610:. Retrieved
3587:
3581:
3547:. Retrieved
3528:
3454:
3434:
3427:
3407:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3376:
3341:
3335:
3323:. Retrieved
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3291:. BBC News.
3282:
3263:
2999:Islam portal
2976:
2970:
2934:
2899:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2831:Masood Azhar
2811:
2780:
2754:
2747:
2739:
2721:
2672:
2586:(2022–2023)
2572:
2559:
2546:
2511:
2440:
2433:
2415:
2357:
2350:
2340:
2310:(2009–2021)
2305:
2297:2002 – 2009)
2296:
2290:
2244:
2202:
2163:
2147:
2123:
2108:
2083:
2076:
2027:
2020:
1990:
1960:
1941:Muslim world
1905:
1902:Saif al-Adel
1900:
1899:(2011–2022)
1894:
1881:
1848:
1811:October 2016
1808:
1759:
1753:
1743:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1722:Muslim world
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1686:
1630:Pan-Islamist
1620:
1539:
1525:
1493:
1447:
1443:Gilles Kepel
1426:
1400:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1372:كتاب التوحيد
1363:
1357:
1314:
1307:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1225:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1151:
1141:People Party
999:Sailaifengye
941:
889:
755:Ibn Taymiyya
659:Modern Islam
639:
615:
611:Second Fitna
603:
594:
587:
582:
570:
562:
552:
529:
495:
480:Muslim world
472:nation state
464:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
431:
427:
424:
420:
417:
414:
406:
400:against the
395:
385:
383:
373:Shakeel Begg
363:
342:
320:
317:
300:
255:
247:
234:
230:
226:
225:
199:
181:
172:
150:
120:
111:
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
8914:Catholicism
8809:Other areas
8800:Theological
8795:Eschatology
8752:Mathematics
8689:Calligraphy
8619:Theological
8573:Inheritance
8490:Cleanliness
7862:Shi'a Imams
7856:Ahl al-Bayt
7508:Netherlands
6877:Netherlands
6646:I.B. Tauris
6232:"Hizbullah"
6174:18 December
6147:18 December
6047:1 September
6021:23 February
5971:10 November
5883:24 February
5826:7 September
5768:10 November
5626:15 December
5474:Cook, David
5420:26 February
5253:10871/37355
5236:: 706–734.
4852:21 December
4587:I.B. Tauris
4503:: 675–705.
3850:I.B. Tauris
3680:17 November
3390:11 November
3177:Petro-Islam
2973:Mark Curtis
2878:Hafiz Saeed
2695:Philippines
2620:" (ISWAP).
2577:(2019–2022)
2564:(2010–2019)
2502:outside of
2490:group with
2129:(2015–2020)
1984:800–1,000+
1953:Sayyid Qutb
1886:(1988–2011)
1871:MENA region
1863:Afghanistan
1840:Casualties
1825:Group Name
1688:Sayyid Qutb
1622:Sayyid Qutb
1598:Sayyid Qutb
1592:Sayyid Qutb
1565:Rashid Rida
1559:Rashid Rida
1544:, include:
1470:U.S. Senate
1456:considered
1452:, when the
1343:and purify
1300:Arab Spring
1222:Sunnī Islam
870:Al-Uthaymin
855:Rashid Rida
835:Sayyid Qutb
800:Al-Shawkani
688:Petro-Islam
549:First Fitna
461:Early Islam
335:Zeyno Baran
306:bankruptcy.
292:Definitions
9144:Categories
8974:Ex-Muslims
8859:Shu'ubiyya
8853:Psychology
8841:Literature
8831:Inventions
8777:Philosophy
8585:Leadership
8561:Honorifics
8216:Philosophy
8023:Isma'ilism
7984:Maturidism
7867:Caliphates
7838:Golden Age
7729:Revelation
7552:Operations
6847:Azerbaijan
6737:1267403660
6694:2006012361
6664:Nasr, Vali
6605:(3): 357.
6394:27 October
6275:6 February
6201:23 October
6195:Asia Times
6120:1 February
5526:26 October
5516:2015010201
5447:Parameters
5170:31 October
5160:2017942543
5091:26 October
5081:2011025970
5023:31 October
5013:2015050373
4967:31 October
4935:"Al-Qaeda"
4607:5 February
4097:5 February
4087:2008020716
3870:5 February
3783:5 December
3749:5 December
3612:26 October
3299:27 January
3246:References
3167:Mujahideen
2614:Boko Haram
2606:Christians
2372:Gaza Strip
2333:Sharia law
2246:Boko Haram
2233:Bangladesh
2183:Bangladesh
2152:franchises
1945:Non-Muslim
1937:Sharia law
1912:300–3,000
1831:Home Base
1800:incomplete
1713:Milestones
1636:under the
1510:companions
1437:and other
1392:polytheism
1360:literature
1331:region in
1292:Arab world
1284:Boko Haram
1096:Boko Haram
979:Madkhalism
880:Ibn Jibrin
780:Ibn Muflih
770:Al-Dhahabi
765:Ibn Kathir
506:Kharijites
502:Kharijites
492:Kharijites
486:Kharijites
325:ideology:
152:neutrality
52:improve it
9091:Symbolism
9049:Incidents
9027:Criticism
8919:Mormonism
8816:Astrology
8742:Cosmology
8737:Astronomy
8679:Arabesque
8546:Etiquette
8505:Blasphemy
8295:Economics
8110:Ahmadiyya
8052:Muhakkima
7999:Wahhabism
7989:Mu'tazili
7974:Ash'arism
7545:terrorism
7017:Lone wolf
6842:Australia
6619:149553671
6465:About.com
6444:29 August
6363:13 August
6337:13 August
6264:VICE News
6242:17 August
6110:615545050
6094:0899-2851
5960:: 76–92.
5757:: 63–75.
5476:(2015) .
5393:3 January
5275:3 January
5270:195448888
5262:1552-6526
5194:. Knopf.
5122:New Haven
5063:Routledge
4995:Routledge
4775:Wahhābism
4753:Edinburgh
4673:Indonesia
4561:20 August
4533:147114018
4517:2043-6874
4470:159438333
4377:1 October
4179:1874-6691
3578:(2006) .
3229:Takfirism
3217:Wahhabism
3206:by region
2949:Sri Lanka
2777:hundreds
2699:Singapore
2685:Indonesia
2598:genocides
2435:Hezbollah
2345:(ISWAP).
2295:(founder
2192:Asim Umar
2114:(2011–15)
1843:Ideology
1837:Strength
1738:jahiliyah
1692:apologist
1536:abolished
1534:was also
1423:reformist
1411:Wahhabism
1312:(chaos).
1304:quietists
1294:'s major
1264:jihadists
1256:quietists
1210:Salafiyya
1024:Wahhabism
875:Al-Fawzan
825:Al-Albani
750:Al-Albani
674:Wahhabism
599:martyrdom
595:al-Shurat
571:munāfiḳūn
346:extremism
286:jihadists
175:July 2017
163:talk page
102:talk page
58:talk page
9175:Islamism
9129:Category
9022:Islamism
9005:Muhammad
8961:Apostasy
8936:Hinduism
8826:Feminism
8757:Medicine
8597:Military
8551:Gambling
8500:Apostasy
8495:Criminal
8407:Marriage
8376:Tayammum
8328:Murabaha
8201:Madrasas
8191:Holidays
8181:Clothing
8176:Children
8171:Calendar
8122:Quranism
8056:Khawarij
8028:Alawites
7979:Atharism
7873:Rashidun
7712:In Islam
7707:Muhammad
7543:Counter-
6977:Jihadism
6867:Maldives
6666:(2007).
6521:Archived
6517:BBC News
6496:Archived
6475:1 August
6438:Archived
6388:Archived
6357:Archived
6331:Archived
6301:Archived
6269:Archived
6236:Archived
6211:cite web
6168:Archived
6141:Archived
6114:Archived
6041:Archived
5962:Archived
5877:Archived
5852:23 April
5846:Archived
5820:Archived
5759:Archived
5678:Archived
5620:Archived
5596:10 April
5586:HuffPost
5566:10 April
5560:Archived
5520:Archived
5486:Berkeley
5438:Archived
5414:Archived
5384:Archived
5348:Archived
5324:Archived
5300:Archived
5164:Archived
5112:(2018).
5085:Archived
5017:Archived
4961:Archived
4947:ABC-CLIO
4883:5 August
4783:Muhammad
4773:Because
4761:Archived
4727:3 August
4721:Archived
4693:al Qaeda
4689:Fallujah
4677:Chechnya
4638:Archived
4601:Archived
4579:(2003).
4555:Archived
4525:23750964
4371:Archived
4314:Archived
4274:(2013).
4219:(eds.).
4137:(eds.).
4091:Archived
3968:(eds.).
3864:Archived
3816:Archived
3743:Archived
3643:19 April
3637:Archived
3606:Archived
3543:Archived
3539:BBC News
3517:Archived
3488:Archived
3464:Archived
3381:Archived
3325:5 August
3319:Archived
3293:Archived
3150:Islamism
3143:Jihadism
3047:Hindutva
2985:See also
2916:and the
2892:Pakistan
2845:Pakistan
2800:Pakistan
2792:militant
2788:Islamist
2733:militant
2729:Islamist
2703:Thailand
2690:Malaysia
2631:militant
2492:Jihadist
2488:militant
2484:Islamist
2475:Israelis
2412:Islamist
2394:Israelis
2381:16,000+
2280:Cameroon
2221:Pakistan
2214:militant
2210:Islamist
2179:Pakistan
2002:militant
1998:Islamist
1926:militant
1922:Islamist
1906:de facto
1867:Pakistan
1850:Al-Qaeda
1834:Leaders
1670:al-Qaeda
1615:al-Qaeda
1508:and his
1458:al-Qaeda
1415:Salafism
1276:al-Qaeda
1236:Muhammad
1212:movement
1066:al-Qaeda
1019:Hazimism
969:Islamism
704:a series
701:Part of
607:Umayyads
579:apostasy
559:infidels
545:Abu Bakr
537:Muhammad
344:Islamist
331:Jihadism
262:Islamism
156:disputed
96:You may
25:Jihadism
9076:Nursing
9037:Qutbism
8951:Sikhism
8946:Judaism
8941:Jainism
8931:Druzism
8767:Physics
8714:Pottery
8699:Gardens
8694:Carpets
8609:Slavery
8531:Divorce
8518:Dhabiĥa
8346:Hygiene
8321:Takaful
8303:Banking
8233:Science
8227:Qurbani
8196:Mosques
8156:Animals
8145:Culture
8079:Nukkari
8074:Azzabas
8061:Azariqa
8045:Zaydism
8033:Alevism
7909:Ottoman
7899:Almohad
7894:Fatimid
7889:Córdoba
7884:Abbasid
7879:Umayyad
7812:Leaders
7807:History
7765:Shahada
7680:Beliefs
7455:Germany
7217:Belgium
7103:Kingdom
7031:Attacks
6950:General
6852:Belgium
6296:Reuters
6102:3012813
5714:16 June
5704:Reuters
5232:(5–6).
4669:Morocco
4644:26 June
4551:OUPblog
4485:madrasa
4418:15 July
4320:15 July
3822:29 June
3549:22 June
3182:Qutbism
2858:a.k.a.
2774:25,000
2753:a.k.a.
2651:and is
2647:(ISI).
2610:Yazidis
2573:†
2560:†
2547:†
2462:1,000+
2453:Lebanon
2439:a.k.a.
2405:charter
2306:†
2291:†
2264:Nigeria
2229:Myanmar
2187:Myanmar
2177:India,
2133:2,000+
2124:†
2109:†
2082:a.k.a.
2026:a.k.a.
1943:of any
1895:†
1882:†
1828:Banner
1764:Qutbism
1466:Jon Kyl
1419:Wahhabi
1413:" and "
1407:puritan
1321:Ḥanbalī
989:Qutbism
865:Ibn Baz
729:, Qatar
518:Muslims
386:R v Gul
323:Islamic
266:Muslims
8888:
8846:poetry
8656:
8541:Ethics
8525:Dhimmi
8484:Baligh
8445:Mahram
8402:Family
8382:Toilet
8362:Miswak
8115:Lahori
8098:Najdat
7994:Salafi
7944:Seerah
7939:Tafsir
7934:Hadith
7904:Sokoto
7849:Sahaba
7724:Angels
7701:Tawhid
7658:topics
7270:France
7101:United
6892:Sweden
6773:
6735:
6725:
6707:Oxford
6692:
6682:
6652:
6617:
6576:
6527:4 July
6307:21 May
6108:
6100:
6092:
5913:5 June
5815:Forbes
5794:4 June
5684:2 July
5653:
5514:
5506:
5496:
5306:13 May
5268:
5260:
5198:
5158:
5150:
5140:
5079:
5069:
5011:
5001:
4953:
4910:
4817:
4795:Medina
4767:1 July
4593:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4468:
4458:
4363:
4306:
4245:
4227:Leiden
4177:
4167:
4147:Boston
4143:Leiden
4085:
4075:
4038:
3994:
3976:Leiden
3922:
3895:
3856:
3774:
3735:
3708:
3598:
3442:
3415:
3348:
3270:
2914:Uganda
2714:5,000
2663:, and
2582:(2022)
2569:
2556:
2543:
2302:
2287:
2231:, and
2185:, and
2120:
2105:
2046:, and
1891:
1878:
1869:, and
1783:Groups
1760:jahili
1744:sharia
1390:) and
1388:bidʿah
1380:tawḥīd
1368:Arabic
1358:Hadith
1341:revive
1290:, the
1251:Sharia
1245:bidʻah
1217:Islahi
984:Manhaj
690:, and
563:kuffār
554:takfīr
516:among
514:Shīʿas
512:, and
510:Sunnīs
9010:Quran
8890:Other
8785:Early
8709:Music
8625:Kalam
8579:Jizya
8567:Hudud
8452:Nikah
8369:Najis
8355:Ghusl
8314:Sukuk
8243:Women
8211:Music
8186:Flags
8091:Sufri
8084:Wahbi
8069:Ibadi
7969:Sunni
7929:Quran
7786:Zakat
7772:Salah
7735:Qadar
7693:Allah
7656:Islam
7578:Raids
7174:South
7064:North
6887:Spain
6862:Italy
6857:India
6615:S2CID
6098:JSTOR
6078:MERIP
6015:(PDF)
6008:(PDF)
5965:(PDF)
5952:(7).
5940:(PDF)
5762:(PDF)
5749:(7).
5737:(PDF)
5504:JSTOR
5387:(PDF)
5374:(PDF)
5266:S2CID
5220:(PDF)
5148:JSTOR
4791:Mecca
4529:S2CID
4521:JSTOR
4495:(4).
4466:S2CID
4278:. In
3674:(PDF)
3663:(PDF)
3582:Kāfir
3520:(PDF)
3513:(PDF)
3491:(PDF)
3484:(PDF)
3384:(PDF)
3373:(PDF)
2785:Sunnī
2726:Sunnī
2661:Syria
2655:with
2628:Sunnī
2531:Syria
2481:Shīʿa
2417:jihad
2409:Sunnī
2352:Hamas
2322:Sunnī
2272:Niger
2225:India
2207:Sunnī
2205:is a
2098:Yemen
2048:Libya
2044:Niger
1995:Sunnī
1993:is a
1987:200+
1919:Sunnī
1755:jihad
1748:. To
1733:Ummah
1541:jihad
1494:Ummah
1396:shirk
1353:Quran
1345:Islam
1309:fitna
618:Ibadi
583:ridda
565:) or
530:Ummah
398:Libel
333:; or
239:Islam
104:, or
8671:Arts
8602:POWs
8536:Diet
8466:Zina
8438:Mahr
8424:Haya
8388:Wudu
8335:Riba
8248:LGBT
8140:Life
8013:Shia
8008:Sufi
7793:Hajj
7779:Sawm
7200:West
7038:East
6872:Mali
6771:ISBN
6733:OCLC
6723:ISBN
6690:LCCN
6680:ISBN
6650:ISBN
6574:ISBN
6555:2019
6529:2014
6477:2008
6446:2014
6396:2016
6365:2016
6339:2016
6309:2022
6277:2022
6244:2006
6217:link
6203:2007
6176:2015
6149:2015
6122:2022
6106:OCLC
6090:ISSN
6049:2014
6023:2015
5973:2021
5915:2014
5885:2017
5854:2015
5828:2011
5796:2012
5770:2021
5716:2015
5686:2015
5651:ISBN
5628:2015
5598:2014
5568:2014
5528:2021
5512:LCCN
5494:ISBN
5422:2015
5395:2022
5308:2010
5277:2022
5258:ISSN
5196:ISBN
5172:2021
5156:LCCN
5138:ISBN
5093:2021
5077:LCCN
5067:ISBN
5025:2021
5009:LCCN
4999:ISBN
4969:2021
4951:ISBN
4908:ISBN
4885:2014
4854:2009
4815:ISBN
4793:and
4769:2020
4729:2014
4717:Dawn
4646:2021
4609:2022
4591:ISBN
4563:2021
4513:ISSN
4456:ISBN
4420:2020
4379:2020
4361:ISBN
4322:2020
4304:ISBN
4243:ISBN
4175:ISSN
4165:ISBN
4145:and
4113:link
4099:2022
4083:LCCN
4073:ISBN
4036:ISBN
3992:ISBN
3920:ISBN
3893:ISBN
3872:2022
3854:ISBN
3824:2015
3785:2015
3772:ISBN
3751:2015
3733:ISBN
3706:ISBN
3682:2015
3645:2020
3614:2021
3596:ISBN
3551:2018
3440:ISBN
3413:ISBN
3392:2011
3346:ISBN
3327:2022
3301:2016
3268:ISBN
2790:and
2731:and
2657:Iraq
2626:and
2529:and
2527:Iraq
2504:Iran
2486:and
2469:and
2388:and
2276:Mali
2268:Chad
2212:and
2203:AQIS
2196:300
2148:AQAP
2140:and
2040:Mali
2000:and
1991:AQIM
1924:and
1664:and
1609:and
1355:and
1329:Najd
1315:The
1207:The
672:and
284:and
149:The
8412:Sex
8275:Law
8161:Art
6715:doi
6607:doi
6082:doi
5379:PBS
5248:hdl
5238:doi
5130:doi
4697:FBI
4671:to
4658:of
4505:doi
4448:doi
4235:doi
4155:doi
4028:doi
3984:doi
2890:to
2860:LeT
2843:to
2781:TTP
2600:of
1806:.
1746:law
1668:of
1613:of
1454:FBI
1398:).
707:on:
585:).
407:In
402:BBC
272:in
260:or
233:or
23:or
9146::
6748:.
6731:.
6721:.
6713:.
6705:.
6688:.
6670:.
6640:.
6613:.
6603:30
6601:.
6597:.
6519:.
6515:.
6463:.
6436:.
6413:.
6386:.
6382:.
6325:.
6293:.
6261:.
6234:.
6213:}}
6209:{{
6193:.
6166:.
6139:.
6112:.
6104:.
6096:.
6088:.
6076::
6066:.
5956::
5950:14
5948:.
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