524:
498:(698 CE) a completely new type of silver coin was struck at 14 mints to a new nominal weight of 2.97 grams. Unlike the contemporary gold coinage, this figure does not seem to have been achieved in practice. The average weight of sixty undamaged specimens of AH 79–84 (698–704 CE) is only 2.71 grams, a figure very close to that for a unique coin of (AH 79) 698 struck with no mint name (as was the standard procedure for the gold dinars produced in Damascus). These new coins which bore the name of 'dirham', established the style of the Arab-Sassanian predecessors at 25 to 28 mm in diameter. Their design is composed of Arabic inscriptions surrounded by circles and annulets.
502:
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includes a pyramid-shaped pedestal and a staff with a circular head resting at the top. These two early coin types both bear significant resemblance to
Byzantine coins of the same period and were all but copied whole cloth from Byzantine designs, the only alterations being the removal of the horizontal bar of the Byzantine cross for religious reasons and the conversion of figures on the front to wearing Islamic-style dress. In the year 692 C.E., the
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411:– began to circulate in areas outside of the Byzantine empire. These corresponded in weight to only 20 carats (4.0 g) rather than the 24 carats of a recently minted solidus, but matched with the weight of the worn solidi that were circulating in those areas at the time. The two coins circulated together in these areas for a time.
531:
The gold coins were first struck to the contemporary standard of 4.4 grams and with one or more Arabic
Standing figures on the obverse and an Arabic legend on the reverse. Dated coins exist from 680 (AH 74) and are named as 'Dinars'. These experimental issues were replaced in 683 (AH 77),
509:
On each side there is a three- or four-line legend with a single circular inscription. Outside this are three line circles with, at first, five annulets surrounding them. The side normally taken as the obverse has as its central legend the Kalima or shahada: "There is no god except God alone, there
446:
In parallel with the later
Khosrau-type Arab-Sassanian coins, first issued under the Well-Guided Caliphs of Islam, a more extensive series was struck with Khosrau's name replaced by that of the local Arab governor or, in two cases, that of the Caliph. Historical evidence makes it clear that most of
514:
of the Quran; "Qul hu Allahu Ahad, Allahu-Samad, Lam yalid wa lam yulad wa lam yakul-lahu kufu-an ahad"'. The marginal legend states: "Muhammad is the
Messenger of God, he was sent with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over every other religion, averse though the idolaters may
558:
Early gold dinars imitated
Byzantine and Sasanian coins of the time, but as time progressed, they began to take on a more uniquely Islamic style. Two early examples, minted in approximately 692 and 694 C.E., have similar designs. Both have a depiction of figures on the obverse while the reverse
567:
The issues in gold from North Africa began as copies of the coins of
Heraclius and his son (but with abbreviated shahada in Latin), the reverse "cross on steps" losing in most cases its cross piece. Dinars, halves and thirds were struck, all to the new weight standard. Later coins are dated by
497:
had decided on changes to the coinage. A scattering of patterned pieces in silver exist from this date, based on
Sassanian prototypes but with distinctive Arabic reverses. This experiment, which maintained the Sassanian weight standard of 3.5–4.0 grams was not proceeded with, and in AH 79
532:
except in North Africa and Spain, by completely epigraphical designs very similar to the designs adopted for the silver pieces but with a shorter reverse legend and no annulets or inner circles. This type was used without appreciable change for the whole of
554:
of a ratl. Evidence of the importance attached to the close control of the new Dinars is provided by the existence of glass weights, mainly from Egypt. They usually show the governor's name, sometimes the date but all marked with coin denomination.
563:
or profession of faith was added onto the obverse and in 694 C.E. it was added to the reverse. In the year 696-7 C.E., images were almost completely removed from coins and were replaced by coins exclusively decorated with inscriptions.
400:, some of these coins became involved in distant trade; those then did not get re-minted by the imperial mints, and quickly became worn. Towards the end of the 7th century CE, Arabic copies of solidi – dinars issued by the
439:. These coins differ from the original ones in that an Arabic inscription is found in the obverse margins, normally reading "in the Name of Allah". The subsequent series was issued using types based on drachmas of
576:
date in Roman numerals in 713 (AH 94) with Arabic phrases appearing in the field from 716 (AH 97). In 684 (AH 100), North Africa came into line with the eastern issues although the mint is named as
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is no partner with Him." Around it is the mint and date formula reading "In the Name of God: this Dirham was struck in the year ". The reverse has a four line central inscription taken from the
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1419:
581:. The legends are shorter and the reverse has a new central inscription: "In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate". This was used also on the coins from
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period, the coins being struck to a new and carefully controlled standard of 4.25 grams. This weight was reputed to be based on the average of the current
1112:
1414:
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451:. The earliest Muslim copper coins are anonymous and undated but a series exists which may have been issued during the Caliphates of Uthman or
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Umayyad gold Dinar, minted 692 C.E., obverse with three figures, reverse with altered "cross on steps" design.
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Coins in
History: A Survey of Coinage from the Reform of Diocletian to the Latin Monetary Union
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The first dated coins that can be assigned to the
Muslims are copies of silver
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Umayyad gold dinar, minted 695 CE, obverse with image of Abd al-Malik
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gold coins, though it is not known what the contemporary name was.
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1371:(OIC) are nations which officially recognize Islam politically.
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407:(685–705 CE), who had access to supplies of gold from the
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361:, which was a silver coin. The name "dinar" is also used for
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1182:
696:
Miles, George, C (1967). "The
Earliest Arab Gold Coinage".
640:
668:
Broome, Michael. "A Handbook of Islamic Coins." (Page 11)
572:, from Indiction II (703, AH 84–85) changing to the
452:
791:
97:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
608:
1420:
7th-century establishments in the Umayyad Caliphate
335:) is an Islamic medieval gold coin first issued in
159:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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489:, minted at Balkh al-Baida in AH 111 ( 729–730 CE)
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601:coin, patterned after the historical currency.
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714:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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597:is not an official currency, but a private
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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698:Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society)
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455:. These are crude copies of Byzantine 12-
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219:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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93:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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681:Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (1997).
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695:
493:By the year AH 75 (695 CE)
295:Dinar issued during the reign of the
743:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp.
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376:The first dinars were issued by the
157:adding citations to reliable sources
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1405:Coins of the medieval Islamic world
1369:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
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350:(4.25 grams or 0.137 troy ounces).
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396:was not to be used outside of the
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45:This article has multiple issues.
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346:. The weight of the dinar is 1
280:Gold Dinar of the 20th Abbasid
272:) having a weight of 4.24 grams
144:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
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339: 77 (696–697 CE) by
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1355:The Economic System In Islam
1290:Mohammad Najatuallah Siddiqi
897:Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar
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1087:Islamic banking and finance
1045:(historical source of name)
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10:
1436:
736:"The Imperial Foundations"
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544:, a term used earlier for
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357:comes from the Latin word
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733:Porteous, John (1969).
344:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
1367:The bloc known as the
935:Republika Srpska dinar
685:. Phaidon. p. 66.
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388:Although there was a
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256:gold dinar minted at
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1295:Muhammad Taqi Usmani
431:, struck during the
315:Dinar Mamluq sultan
287:bi'llah (934–940 CE)
153:improve this article
86:factual accuracy is
1026:Islamic State dinar
930:Portuguese dinheiro
912:Iraqi "Swiss" dinar
471:First silver dirham
392:that the Byzantine
268: 77 (697
1193:Sharia investments
1188:Securities trading
1113:Bai' Bithaman Ajil
925:Islamic gold dinar
633:Numismatics portal
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515:be" (Quran 9:33).
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307:in 344 AH (955 CE)
305:Mansouria, Tunisia
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18:Islamic gold dinar
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1285:Abdul Azim Islahi
1269:Modern gold dinar
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447:these coins bear
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519:First gold dinar
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1037:(bullion coin)
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951:Spanish dinero
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814:Algerian dinar
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1118:Bai' Muajjal
1021:(unofficial)
991:Iranian rial
943:Yemeni dinar
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854:Libyan dinar
796:
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710:cite journal
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683:Islamic Arts
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619:Money portal
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209:January 2020
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168:"Gold dinar"
163:
151:Please help
146:verification
143:
113:
107:January 2020
104:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
27:Type of coin
1305:Umer Chapra
830:Iraqi dinar
807:Circulating
449:Hijra dates
1395:Gold coins
1384:Categories
1348:Iqtisaduna
1259:Gold dinar
801:or similar
793:Currencies
647:References
589:Modern use
583:al-Andalus
465:Alexandria
459:pieces of
441:Khosrow II
409:upper Nile
384:Background
325:gold dinar
179:newspapers
50:improve it
1168:Musharaka
1163:Musawamah
1123:Bai Salam
1029:(de jure)
570:indiction
512:Surah 112
461:Heraclius
433:Caliphate
425:Sassanian
353:The word
333:ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ذهب
95:talk page
56:talk page
1278:Scholars
1237:Currency
1208:Tawarruq
1158:Murabaha
1153:Mudaraba
1148:Muamalat
1095:Concepts
1003:See also
605:See also
579:Ifriqiya
371:Kidarite
359:denarius
258:Damascus
88:disputed
1264:Mithqal
1218:Wakalah
1203:Takaful
1143:Istisna
967:(динар)
959:(دينار)
946:(دينار)
938:(динар)
920:(динар)
890:Defunct
881:(دينار)
873:(динар)
865:(денар)
857:(دينار)
849:(دينار)
841:(دينار)
833:(دينار)
825:(دينار)
817:(دينار)
727:Sources
599:bullion
561:shahada
549:⁄
542:Mithqal
534:Umayyad
423:of the
421:Dirhams
394:solidus
363:Sasanid
348:mithqal
317:Baybars
297:Fatimid
285:Ar-Radi
254:Umayyad
193:scholar
1249:Dirham
1213:Wadiah
1138:Ijarah
1128:Gharar
994:(ریال)
986:(قران)
795:named
751:
704:: 205.
477:Dirham
457:nummus
437:Uthman
427:ruler
402:caliph
390:dictum
369:, and
367:Kushan
341:Caliph
329:Arabic
282:Caliph
195:
188:
181:
174:
166:
1390:Dinar
1340:Works
1319:Other
1244:Dinar
1228:Zakat
1198:Sukuk
1178:Qirad
1133:Hibah
798:dinar
745:14–33
574:Hijra
463:from
355:dinar
299:emir
262:Syria
200:JSTOR
186:books
1254:Fals
1223:Waqf
1183:Riba
1103:Aqad
749:ISBN
716:link
641:Fals
593:The
323:The
172:news
453:Ali
435:of
303:in
264:in
155:by
1386::
747:.
739:.
712:}}
708:{{
702:13
700:.
673:^
551:72
467:.
365:,
337:AH
331::
270:CE
266:AH
260:,
59:.
1079:e
1072:t
1065:v
785:e
778:t
771:v
757:.
718:)
547:1
327:(
240:)
234:(
222:)
216:(
211:)
207:(
197:·
190:·
183:·
176:·
149:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
101:.
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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