1338:
659:
58:
1303:) marking the end of the previous lunar cycle and hence the previous month, thereby beginning the new month. Consequently, each month can have 29 or 30 days depending on the visibility of the moon, astronomical positioning of the earth and weather conditions. However, certain sects and groups, most notably Bohras Muslims namely
1430:
is 354.36707 days, the average lunar year is (365.24219 − 354.36707 ≈) 10.88149 days shorter than the average solar year, causing months of the Hijri calendar to advance about eleven days earlier relative to dates in the
Gregorian calendar every calendar year. The precise number of days varies,
1165:
does not begin
January 1 and that a Hijri calendar year is about 11 days shorter than a Gregorian calendar year, there is no direct correspondence between years of the two eras. A given Hijri year will usually fall in two successive Gregorian years. A CE year will always overlap two or occasionally
1166:
three successive Hijri years. For example, the year 2008 CE maps to the last week of AH 1428, all of 1429, and the first few days of 1430. Similarly, the year 1976 CE corresponded with the last few days of AH 1395, all of 1396, and the first week of 1397.
1027:
start the Hijri year with the month of the Hijra, Rabi' al-Awwal, rejecting that
Muharram is the start of a new year. As a result of this, the dates of some events are described differently by one year. For example, Shias state that the Muharram-transpiring
1692:
1413:
This date is based on a reconstruction of the early
Islamic calendar and, assuming that intercalation was performed before 10 AH, an earlier date in April is also possible.
1489:
1515:
1056:, with named months. Likewise, the years of its calendar used conventional names rather than numbers: for example, the year of the birth of Muhammad and of
1857:
1278:
1666:
1591:
1688:
1803:
1638:
1555:
1535:
1452:
1839:
1717:
432:
1819:
1481:
1840:""Islamic New Year Observed Today; President Airs Wish for Peace on Amon Jadid Exhorts Muslims to Assist in Nat'l Resurgence"
948:
and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently, its New Year's Day occurs ten days earlier each year relative to the
319:
1326:
in which odd-numbered months have thirty days (and also the twelfth month in a leap year) and even months have twenty nine.
1271:
1643:
1295:
commences on the birth of the new lunar cycle. Traditionally this is based on actual observation of the moon's crescent (
1886:
1749:
1941:
1620:
1035:
In Shia Islam, the calendar year is entirely determined by solar observation or calculation. Each year begins on the
497:
1005:. Instead, the system continues the earlier ordering of the months, with the Hijrah occurring around the 8th day of
97:
1550:
1264:
689:
1776:
634:
1865:
1115:
with the successful proposal, simply continuing the order of the months that had already been established by
368:
1951:
400:
17:
447:
274:
1064:". The first year of the Hijra (622-23 CE) was named the "Permission to Travel" in this calendar.
487:
1663:
1946:
1583:
582:
294:
1401:
1826:
For convenience, it is common to speak of a lunar year of twelve synodic months, or 354.36707 days.
1323:
1237:
760:
514:
314:
1291:
The Hijri year has twelve months, whose precise lengths vary by sect of Islam. Each month of the
109:
1829:(which gives a mean synodic month as 29.53059 days or 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes and 3 seconds)
1431:
depending on accumulated differences and potential for leap-years to happen at different times.
1956:
1092:
979:
803:
563:
329:
1739:
1149:
conversion formulas between the
Gregorian (AD or CE) and Islamic calendars (AH) are possible:
1766:
1511:
1136:
558:
383:
167:
122:
1458:
1371:
1061:
1018:
745:
1032:
occurred 60 years after the Hijra, while Sunnis state it to have occurred 61 years after.
8:
1713:
1357:
682:
568:
202:
102:
1427:
1175:
1024:
949:
730:
592:
549:
519:
502:
477:
422:
378:
90:
1797:
1772:
1745:
1616:
1366:
1212:
1207:
1123:, as there was no set order of months during the pre-Islamic era (Age of Ignorance -
1036:
1029:
754:
643:
629:
597:
544:
457:
417:
279:
925:
1292:
1183:
1162:
1140:
1112:
1077:
1002:
860:
811:
442:
437:
388:
373:
358:
267:
146:
31:
1961:
1670:
1587:
1222:
1217:
1057:
995:
778:
624:
577:
393:
353:
342:
324:
227:
172:
85:
1351:
1053:
973:
969:
675:
537:
524:
482:
427:
41:
1935:
1792:
1423:
1377:
1308:
1252:
1073:
1006:
602:
507:
467:
1894:
1343:
1304:
1298:
1247:
1088:
916:
915:(AM) and can similarly be placed before (preferably) or after the date. In
799:
739:
722:
663:
609:
346:
78:
67:
1633:
932:
945:
904:
405:
363:
287:
1807:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 218.
1232:
912:
908:
410:
1312:
309:
1768:
The venture of Islam conscience and history in a world civilization
1197:
1124:
1120:
1116:
991:
815:
619:
587:
301:
235:
960:
1446 corresponds to 2024 – 2025 in the Common Era.
30:
This article is about the
Islamic era. For the calendar year, see
1319:
1242:
452:
129:
1634:"The History of the Islamic Calendar in the Light of the Hijra"
1152:
AH = 1.030684 × (CE − 621.5643) CE = 0.970229 × AH + 621.5643
1108:
1104:
1096:
1081:
987:
827:
823:
713:
472:
462:
251:
219:
211:
196:
190:
74:
1516:"Martyrdom of Imam Husayn and the Muslim and Jewish Calendars"
1087:
to abolish the practice of named years and to establish a new
895:
1796:
1551:"Muharram May Not Be The Start Of The Islamic Hijri New Year"
1426:
is 365.24219 days, while the long-term average duration of a
1227:
1202:
1100:
983:
848:
836:
831:
819:
807:
614:
492:
183:
141:
134:
57:
49:
834:
for its role in the founding of the first Muslim community (
1486:
Universität Zurich
Universität Zürich Asien-Orient-Institut
1316:
1084:
952:. The year 2024 CE corresponds to the Islamic years AH
883:
872:
727:
243:
151:
886:
1689:"Islamic Actions and Social Mandates: The Hijri Calendar"
889:
866:
1127:). Adoption of this calendar was then enforced by Umar.
944:
A year in the
Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve
1382:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1362:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1817:
1744:. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. p. 489.
1052:
By the age of
Muhammad, there was already an Arabian
869:
1771:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 21.
1333:
1296:
941:("Before the Hijra"), which should follow the date.
892:
1686:
1631:
903:, 'in the year of the Hijra') in parallel with the
880:
877:
863:
1821:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
1158:AH = (CE − 622) × 33 ÷ 32 CE = AH × 32 ÷ 33 + 622
937:). Years prior to AH 1 are reckoned in English as
843:In the West, this era is most commonly denoted as
1858:"Islamic New year to be observed on 11th January"
1099:, the emigration of Muhammad and 70 Muslims from
1933:
1380: – Journey of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina
1354: – First major battle in early Islam (624)
1001:The date of the Hijrah itself did not form the
1581:
990:, and begins on the first day of the month of
1272:
978:The Hijri era is calculated according to the
683:
1918:
1677:(November/December 2005), retrieved 1/1/2019
930:
790:
1919:F. A. Shamsi (1984). "The Date of Hijrah".
1639:Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
1556:Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
1536:Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
1279:
1265:
690:
676:
1887:"Visibility of Muharram Crescent 1430 AH"
1791:
1549:Al-Hilli, Mohammed (22 September 2021).
1548:
1764:
1520:Al-Serat (A Journal of Islamic Studies)
1457:, Government of Sharjah, archived from
986:(first year) is the year of Muhammad's
923:("Hijra") from its Arabic abbreviation
14:
1934:
1891:Islamic Crescents' Observation Project
1714:"Islamic and Christian Dating Systems"
826:) in 622 CE. This event, known as the
1737:
1605:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1510:
1864:. Aaj.tv. 2008-01-10. Archived from
1818:P. Kenneth Seidelmann, ed. (1992).
1479:
791:
782:
24:
1912:
1570:
919:, it is also commonly abbreviated
25:
1973:
1492:from the original on 10 June 2023
1374: – Official calendar of Iran
1765:Hodgson, Marshall G. S. (1977).
1584:"Ramadan and the Lunar Calendar"
1336:
1095:for the new Muslim calendar the
1067:
1060:(570 CE) was known as the "
998:date of July 16, 622 CE).
859:
818:and his followers migrated from
657:
56:
1879:
1850:
1832:
1811:
1785:
1758:
1731:
1720:from the original on 2017-02-03
1706:
1695:from the original on 2018-08-19
1680:
1673: – Paul Lunde,
1664:The Beginning of Hijri calendar
1657:
1646:from the original on 2011-06-10
1594:from the original on 2006-12-14
1416:
1360: – Biographies of Muhammad
1047:
1009:, 66 days into the first year.
1625:
1542:
1504:
1473:
1445:
1407:
1394:
917:predominantly Muslim countries
13:
1:
1582:Aisha El-Awady (2002-06-11).
1438:
963:
1687:Umar bin Al-Khattab (2002).
1632:Hakim Muhammad Said (1981).
1402:List of Islamic years#Modern
1012:
7:
1675:Saudi Aramco World Magazine
1329:
1297:
231:("Stories of the Prophets")
27:Era in the Islamic calendar
10:
1978:
1422:As the mean duration of a
1173:
1134:
1130:
1042:
1016:
967:
29:
1169:
931:
1942:Arabic words and phrases
1927:: 189–224 & 289–332.
1387:
1324:tabular Islamic calendar
320:Medieval Islamic science
1804:Encyclopædia Britannica
1738:Clark, Malcolm (2013).
1691:. witness-pioneer.org.
1615:", ISCA, Jun 1, 2002,
1482:"Islamischer Kalender"
1454:Registration locations
980:Islamic lunar calendar
804:Islamic lunar calendar
330:Succession to Muhammad
1611:Hajjah Adil, Amina, "
1137:List of Islamic years
1017:Further information:
956:1445 – 1446; AH
830:, is commemorated in
1512:Rizvi, Sa'eed Akhtar
1372:Solar Hijri calendar
1062:Year of the Elephant
1019:Solar Hijri calendar
369:Association football
1952:Islamic terminology
1846:. January 20, 2007.
1480:Thomann, Johannes.
1358:Prophetic biography
1076:, a complaint from
1072:17 years after the
994:(equivalent to the
130:Profession of Faith
103:Day of Resurrection
1669:2019-01-01 at the
1461:on 2 February 2017
1176:Lunar Hijri months
950:Gregorian calendar
796:at-taqwīm al-hijrī
1741:Islam for dummies
1367:Glossary of Islam
1289:
1288:
1119:, beginning with
1037:northward equinox
1030:battle of Karbala
771:
770:
767:
700:
699:
630:Deobandi jihadism
16:(Redirected from
1969:
1947:Islamic calendar
1928:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1893:. Archived from
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1854:
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1847:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1815:
1809:
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1762:
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1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1684:
1678:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1629:
1623:
1613:Prophet Muhammad
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1579:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1449:
1432:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1383:
1363:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1302:
1293:Islamic calendar
1281:
1274:
1267:
1184:Islamic calendar
1180:
1179:
1163:Islamic New Year
1141:Islamic New Year
1091:. Umar chose as
1078:Abu Musa Ashaari
1003:Islamic New Year
959:
955:
936:
935:
902:
901:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
875:
874:
871:
868:
865:
822:to Yathrib (now
812:Islamic New Year
808:begins its count
794:
793:
784:
766:
702:
701:
692:
685:
678:
664:Islam portal
662:
661:
660:
60:
37:
36:
32:Islamic calendar
21:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1932:
1931:
1921:Islamic Studies
1915:
1913:Further reading
1910:
1909:
1900:
1898:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1844:Manila Bulletin
1838:
1837:
1833:
1824:. p. 577.
1816:
1812:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1736:
1732:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1707:
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1685:
1681:
1671:Wayback Machine
1662:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1630:
1626:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1595:
1588:Islamonline.net
1580:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1547:
1543:
1529:
1527:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1381:
1361:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1322:Muslims, use a
1285:
1223:Jumada al-Thani
1218:Jumada al-Awwal
1178:
1172:
1161:Given that the
1159:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1070:
1058:Ammar ibn Yasir
1050:
1045:
1023:Unlike Sunnis,
1021:
1015:
996:Julian calendar
976:
966:
957:
953:
876:
862:
858:
765:
750:
735:
719:
696:
658:
656:
649:
648:
625:Salafi jihadism
583:Other religions
578:Arabic language
540:
530:
529:
458:Moral teachings
349:
335:
334:
325:Spread of Islam
270:
260:
259:
247:(jurisprudence)
229:Qisas al-Anbiya
178:
177:
157:
156:
125:
115:
114:
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1975:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1930:
1929:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1878:
1849:
1831:
1810:
1798:"Hejira"
1795:, ed. (1911).
1793:Chisholm, Hugh
1784:
1777:
1757:
1751:978-1118053966
1750:
1730:
1705:
1679:
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1624:
1604:
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1541:
1503:
1472:
1443:
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1437:
1434:
1433:
1415:
1406:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1355:
1352:Battle of Badr
1348:
1347:
1331:
1328:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1276:
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1258:
1257:
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1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:Rabi' al-Thani
1210:
1208:Rabi' al-Awwal
1205:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1174:Main article:
1171:
1168:
1157:
1151:
1132:
1129:
1069:
1066:
1054:lunar calendar
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1014:
1011:
974:Solar calendar
970:Lunar calendar
965:
962:
792:التقويم الهجري
769:
768:
764:
763:
757:
755:Rabi' al-awwal
749:
748:
742:
734:
733:
725:
718:
717:
707:
706:
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680:
672:
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520:Social welfare
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110:Predestination
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100:
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91:Revealed Books
88:
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53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1960:
1958:
1957:Calendar eras
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1897:on 2021-02-23
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1868:on 2018-12-22
1867:
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1845:
1841:
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1621:1-930409-11-7
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1425:
1424:tropical year
1419:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1379:
1378:Hijra (Islam)
1376:
1373:
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1253:Dhu al-Hijjah
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1177:
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1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:prompted the
1079:
1075:
1068:Establishment
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1063:
1059:
1055:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1025:Twelver Shias
1020:
1010:
1008:
1007:Rabi al-Awwal
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
975:
971:
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1344:Islam portal
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1248:Dhu al-Qadah
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1089:calendar era
1071:
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1048:Predecessors
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1022:
1000:
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946:lunar months
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920:
911:(AD/CE) and
854:Anno Hegirae
853:
852:
844:
842:
835:
802:used in the
795:
786:
774:
772:
723:29 September
712:
610:Islamophobia
389:Demographics
384:Circumcision
300:
293:
286:
252:
244:
228:
220:
212:
201:
195:
189:
182:
18:Islamic year
1147:approximate
913:Jewish eras
288:Ahl al-Bayt
173:Foundations
1936:Categories
1901:2018-12-21
1872:2013-05-22
1778:0226346862
1724:2015-10-11
1699:2006-12-16
1650:2006-12-16
1598:2006-12-16
1465:21 January
1439:References
1428:lunar year
1313:Sulaymanis
1145:Different
1135:See also:
968:See also:
964:Definition
775:Hijri year
478:Philosophy
215:(exegesis)
152:Pilgrimage
142:Almsgiving
1109:Tradition
1013:Shia view
905:Christian
814:in which
810:from the
798:) is the
598:terrorism
550:Criticism
503:Sexuality
473:Mysticism
443:Festivals
423:Education
418:Economics
354:Academics
310:Caliphate
123:Practices
1862:AAJ News
1718:Archived
1693:Archived
1667:Archived
1644:Archived
1592:Archived
1562:13 April
1530:13 April
1514:(1401).
1496:11 April
1490:Archived
1330:See also
1309:Dawoodis
1198:Muharram
1125:Jahiliya
1121:Muharram
1117:Muhammad
1111:credits
992:Muharram
982:, whose
816:Muhammad
644:Glossary
620:Jihadism
593:Violence
588:Islamism
559:Muhammad
545:Apostasy
488:Politics
438:Feminism
433:Exorcism
394:Diaspora
379:Children
374:Calendar
302:Rashidun
280:Muhammad
275:Timeline
236:Mathnawi
98:Prophets
42:a series
40:Part of
1320:Ismaili
1243:Shawwal
1238:Ramadan
1233:Sha'ban
1131:Formula
1043:History
515:Slavery
498:Science
453:Madrasa
448:Finance
359:Animals
347:society
343:Culture
315:Imamate
295:Sahabah
268:History
238:(Poems)
223:(creed)
147:Fasting
75:Oneness
68:Beliefs
1962:Hijrah
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1305:Alavis
1190:Months
1170:Months
1113:Othman
1105:Medina
1097:hijrah
1082:caliph
988:Hijrah
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954:
909:Common
828:Hijrah
824:Medina
779:Arabic
714:Sunday
569:Hadith
483:Poetry
463:Mosque
428:Ethics
253:Sharia
221:Aqidah
213:Tafsir
197:Hadith
191:Sunnah
135:Prayer
86:Angels
1526:(3–4)
1388:Notes
1299:hilal
1228:Rajab
1203:Safar
1101:Mecca
1093:epoch
1074:Hijra
984:epoch
849:Latin
837:ummah
832:Islam
820:Mecca
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744:1403
731:AD/CE
705:Today
615:Jihad
564:Quran
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255:(law)
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184:Quran
168:Texts
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1773:ISBN
1746:ISBN
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1532:2024
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