665:
642:
1190:
45:
1066:
0.3% in people 21 to 35 years old and over 2% in those over age 50. Symptoms suggestive of liver toxicity include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, right upper quadrant pain, and loss of appetite. Black and
Hispanic women are at higher risk for isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. When it happens, isoniazid-induced liver toxicity has been shown to occur in 50% of patients within the first 2 months of therapy.
54:
3390:
7505:
1065:
Asymptomatic elevation of serum liver enzyme concentrations occurs in 10% to 20% of people taking INH, and liver enzyme concentrations usually return to normal even when treatment is continued. Isoniazid has a boxed warning for severe and sometimes fatal hepatitis, which is age-dependent at a rate of
1013:
It is recommended that women with active tuberculosis who are pregnant or breastfeeding take isoniazid. Preventive therapy should be delayed until after giving birth. Nursing mothers excrete a relatively low and non-toxic concentration of INH in breast milk, and their babies are at low risk for side
1250:, with "slow acetylators" and "fast acetylators". A graph of number of people versus time shows peaks at one and three hours. The height of the peaks depends on the ethnicities of the people being tested. The metabolites are excreted in the urine. Doses do not usually have to be adjusted in case of
869:
First synthesis was described in 1912. A. Kachugin invented the drug against tuberculosis under name
Tubazid in 1949. Three pharmaceutical companies unsuccessfully attempted to patent the drug at the same time, the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952.
1029:
Levels of liver enzymes in the bloodstream should be frequently checked in daily alcohol drinkers, pregnant women, IV drug users, people over 35, and those who have chronic liver disease, severe kidney dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, or HIV infection since they are more likely to develop
1072:
Headache, poor concentration, weight gain, poor memory, insomnia, and depression have all been associated with isoniazid use. All patients and healthcare workers should be aware of these serious side effects, especially if suicidal ideation or behavior are suspected.
1022:
form to minimize the risk of peripheral nerve damage. Vitamin B6 is used to prevent isoniazid-induced B6 deficiency and neuropathy in people with a risk factor, such as pregnancy, lactation, HIV infection, alcoholism, diabetes, kidney failure, or malnutrition.
2825:
Bass JB, Farer LS, Hopewell PC, O'Brien R, Jacobs RF, Ruben F, et al. (May 1994). "Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. American
Thoracic Society and The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention".
1189:
1115:
Isoniazid decreases the metabolism of carbamazepine, thus slowing down its clearance from the body. People taking carbamazepine should have their carbamazepine levels monitored and, if necessary, have their dose adjusted accordingly.
969:
for treatment of latent tuberculosis, or as part of a four-drug regimen for treatment of active tuberculosis. The drug regimen typically requires daily or weekly oral administration for a period of three to nine months, often under
1994:"First randomised trial of treatments for pulmonary disease caused by M avium intracellulare, M malmoense, and M xenopi in HIV negative patients: rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid versus rifampicin and ethambutol"
951:
People whose PPD reactions convert from negative to positive in a two-year period – at least 10 mm induration for those up to 35 years of age, and at least 15 mm induration for those at least 35 years
1111:
People taking isoniazid and acetaminophen are at risk of acetaminophen toxicity. Isoniazid is thought to induce a liver enzyme which causes a larger amount of acetaminophen to be metabolized to a toxic form.
961:
People with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm induration who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities
1084:, the enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in heme synthesis. Therefore, isoniazid-induced pyridoxine deficiency causes insufficient heme formation in early red blood cells, leading to
1080:(vitamin B6) deficiency because of its similar structure. Isoniazid is also associated with increased excretion of pyridoxine. Pyridoxal phosphate (a derivative of pyridoxine) is required for δ-
1054:
due to lack of production of red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells by the bone marrow respectively, can also occur. Hypersensitivity reactions are also common and can present with a
1848:
Gegia M, Winters N, Benedetti A, van
Soolingen D, Menzies D (February 2017). "Treatment of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis with first-line drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
1119:
It is possible that isoniazid may decrease the serum levels of ketoconazole after long-term treatment. This is seen with the simultaneous use of rifampin, isoniazid, and ketoconazole.
6719:
904:. Psychiatric use stopped in 1961 following reports of hepatotoxicity. Use against tuberculosis continued, as isoniazid's effectiveness against the disease outweighs its risks.
1001:
complex, it greatly potentiates the effect of rifampicin. The introduction of macrolides led to this use greatly decreasing. However, since rifampicin is broadly underdosed in
6861:
2144:
2782:
Jonville AP, Gauchez AS, Autret E, Billard C, Barbier P, Nsabiyumva F, et al. (1991). "Interaction between isoniazid and valproate: a case of valproate overdosage".
7035:
2094:, Totten SE, Boeree MJ, Mouton JW, et al. (September 2012). "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease treatment".
3992:
2247:
Saukkonen JJ, Cohn DL, Jasmer RM, Schenker S, Jereb JA, Nolan CM, et al. (October 2006). "An official ATS statement: hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis therapy".
5287:
2890:"An oxyferrous heme/protein-based radical intermediate is catalytically competent in the catalase reaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (KatG)"
2386:
2347:
Trevor, A. & Katzung, B. (2013). Katzung & Trevor's
Pharmacology: examination & board review (10th ed., p. 417). New York. McGraw-Hill Medical, Lange.
6628:
2598:
Landheer K, Prinsen H, Petroff OA, Rothman DL, Juchem C (June 2020). "Elevated homocarnosine and GABA in subject on isoniazid as assessed through 1H MRS at 7T".
934:
infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid are usually effective when persons adhere to the prescribed treatment. However, in persons with isoniazid-resistant
7575:
7213:
6712:
1423:
6902:
6776:
5006:
2676:
Burk RF, Hill KE, Hunt RW, Martin AE (July 1990). "Isoniazid potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the rat and 4-methylpyrazole inhibition of it".
194:
955:
People with pulmonary damage on their chest X-ray that is likely to be due to healed tuberculosis and also have a PPD reaction at least 5 mm induration
1911:"The Use of Preventive Therapy for Tuberculosis Infection in the United States – Recommendations of the Advisory Committee for Elimination of Tuberculosis"
1069:
Some recommend that liver function should be monitored carefully in all people receiving it, but others recommend monitoring only in certain populations.
6558:
1242:
into acetylhydrazine. Two forms of the enzyme are responsible for acetylation, so some patients metabolize the drug more quickly than others. Hence, the
3917:
2413:"Chemotherapy and management of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: recommendations 1998. Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society"
6705:
1273:
20:
1096:
6292:
5889:
5884:
3985:
1978:
6836:
5807:
5280:
3241:
84:
6146:
3907:
3422:
966:
745:
3047:"Biphasic kill curve of isoniazid reveals the presence of drug-tolerant, not drug-resistant, Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the guinea pig"
7202:
6876:
6856:
6583:
6151:
893:, an infectious disease researcher with an interest in public health, who had previously taken isoniazid to treat his own tuberculosis.
6156:
1129:. There are some cases of theophylline slowing down isoniazid elimination. Both theophylline and isoniazid levels should be monitored.
4153:
1638:
Jones DS (2002). "The health care experiments at Many Farms: the Navajo, tuberculosis, and the limits of modern medicine, 1952-1962".
1122:
Isoniazid may increase the amount of phenytoin in the body. The doses of phenytoin may need to be adjusted when given with isoniazid.
3978:
3400:
2361:
5273:
2326:
1918:
2941:"Nitric oxide generated from isoniazid activation by KatG: source of nitric oxide and activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis"
4093:
4082:
2136:
1222:
more strongly. These two actions are possible explanations for its antidepressant action as well as its ability to cause mania.
6678:
6116:
2555:
Pallone KA, Goldman MP, Fuller MA (February 1993). "Isoniazid-associated psychosis: case report and review of the literature".
1723:
989:
as part of a regimen including rifampicin and ethambutol. Evidence suggests that isoniazid prevents mycolic acid synthesis in
7545:
5231:
3936:
3155:
1954:
1706:
911:. The World Health Organization classifies isoniazid as critically important for human medicine. Isoniazid is available as a
908:
1464:
7247:
3504:
1162:
3347:
1042:
when taking daily doses of 6 mg/kg of body weight or higher. Gastrointestinal reactions include nausea and vomiting.
6682:
6427:
5317:
7019:
1616:
1135:
levels may increase when taken with isoniazid. Valproate levels should be monitored and its dose adjusted if necessary.
3326:
2375:
885:, due to the Navajo reservation's tuberculosis problem and because the population had not previously been treated with
6697:
7195:
3922:
3182:
3095:
2299:
1832:
1508:
790:
765:
135:
7525:
5248:
3953:
3415:
3970:
2641:
Murphy R, Swartz R, Watkins PB (November 1990). "Severe acetaminophen toxicity in a patient receiving isoniazid".
7570:
7482:
5504:
5482:
3912:
1100:
731:
412:
314:
116:
928:
Isoniazid is often used to treat latent and active tuberculosis infections. In persons with isoniazid-sensitive
7540:
6686:
6397:
6218:
5517:
5150:
5036:
3111:
Judd FK, Mijch AM, Cockram A, Norman TR (1994). "Isoniazid and antidepressants: is there cause for concern?".
6538:
6166:
7560:
7188:
6751:
6658:
4202:
1081:
1026:
People with liver dysfunction are at a higher risk for hepatitis caused by INH, and may need a lower dose.
945:
People with HIV infection and a PPD (purified protein derivative) reaction of at least 5 mm induration
660:
514:
6508:
6046:
5061:
4981:
4108:
4042:
3607:
3408:
1395:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
1215:
983:
836:
621:
958:
Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative who have a PPD reaction at least 10 mm induration
7535:
7495:
7327:
6227:
6222:
5907:
5535:
5495:
5473:
5296:
3394:
1153:
930:
2988:
Singh R, Manjunatha U, Boshoff HI, Ha YH, Niyomrattanakit P, Ledwidge R, et al. (November 2008).
7412:
7267:
7083:
5933:
5411:
4986:
4113:
3430:
3172:
1814:
1786:
1778:
1486:
1394:
971:
590:
2861:
Höglund P, Nilsson LG, Paulsen O (February 1987). "Interaction between isoniazid and theophylline".
7530:
7240:
6981:
4009:
3689:
1690:
637:
4915:
3265:"Transcriptional profiling of lung cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension"
3233:
1526:"Transcriptional profiling of lung cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension"
1157:. KatG catalyzes the formation of the isonicotinic acyl radical, which spontaneously couples with
610:
7277:
7040:
6965:
6796:
6470:
5236:
5051:
5011:
4118:
4026:
3941:
3575:
3559:
3198:
Baizer MM, Dub M, Gister S, Steinberg NG (July 1956). "Synthesis of isoniazid from citric acid".
816:
172:
66:
3045:
Ahmad Z, Klinkenberg LG, Pinn ML, Fraig MM, Peloquin CA, Bishai WR, et al. (October 2009).
7055:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6513:
6347:
6326:
5450:
5075:
5026:
5016:
4771:
4543:
3667:
3564:
3452:
3435:
2744:
Baciewicz AM, Baciewicz FA (September 1993). "Ketoconazole and fluconazole drug interactions".
2166:
Bothamley G (2001). "Drug treatment for tuberculosis during pregnancy: safety considerations".
1269:
1208:
1181:, which has also been shown to be important in the action of another antimycobacterial prodrug
847:
361:
6728:
4804:
4636:
4455:
3313:
2888:
Suarez J, Ranguelova K, Jarzecki AA, Manzerova J, Krymov V, Zhao X, et al. (March 2009).
948:
Contacts of people with tuberculosis and who have a PPD reaction at least 5 mm induration
7550:
7472:
6743:
6231:
5508:
5486:
5056:
5041:
5021:
3734:
3554:
1766:
1039:
570:
27:
7477:
7447:
7113:
6662:
5973:
5963:
5140:
5046:
4991:
3902:
3580:
3001:
1288:
1247:
1085:
1014:
effects. Both pregnant women and infants being breastfed by mothers taking INH should take
853:
523:
381:
7045:
1151:
cell wall. Isoniazid must be activated by KatG, a bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme in
503:
8:
7555:
7397:
7233:
7050:
6986:
6101:
5825:
5031:
5001:
4850:
4812:
2357:
2318:
1910:
1231:
1166:
874:
429:
3005:
664:
641:
438:
6727:
6277:
6258:
6254:
6240:
6236:
6006:
5459:
3289:
3264:
3022:
2989:
2916:
2889:
2807:
2623:
2580:
2537:
2488:
2437:
2412:
2272:
2191:
2072:
2018:
1993:
1972:
1663:
1598:
1550:
1525:
1524:
Saygin D, Tabib T, Bittar HE, Valenzi E, Sembrat J, Chan SY, et al. (1912-04-01).
1424:"Drug and medical device highlights 2018: Helping you maintain and improve your health"
1340:
1177:
cell wall. A range of radicals are produced by KatG activation of isoniazid, including
912:
146:
2965:
2940:
2225:
1861:
1586:
7565:
7108:
6443:
6417:
6387:
6195:
6186:
5747:
5526:
5522:
5431:
4566:
4272:
4047:
3439:
3431:
3359:
3322:
3294:
3215:
3178:
3151:
3128:
3124:
3091:
3068:
3027:
2970:
2921:
2870:
2843:
2799:
2761:
2726:
2685:
2658:
2627:
2615:
2572:
2529:
2524:
2507:
2480:
2442:
2295:
2264:
2229:
2183:
2179:
2111:
2064:
2059:
2042:
2023:
1960:
1950:
1865:
1828:
1746:
1702:
1655:
1590:
1555:
1504:
1321:
1277:
1266:
328:
108:
2990:"PA-824 kills nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis by intracellular NO release"
2956:
2811:
2584:
2541:
2492:
2276:
2195:
2076:
1742:
1667:
1602:
1351:
Isoniazid may be used for dogs, but there have been concerns it can cause seizures.
7427:
7098:
6907:
6760:
6740:
6282:
6267:
6263:
6249:
6245:
6011:
5727:
5643:
5302:
5154:
4305:
4103:
4000:
3284:
3276:
3207:
3120:
3058:
3017:
3009:
2960:
2952:
2911:
2901:
2835:
2791:
2753:
2716:
2650:
2607:
2564:
2519:
2472:
2432:
2424:
2256:
2221:
2175:
2103:
2054:
2013:
2005:
1857:
1818:
1790:
1738:
1694:
1647:
1582:
1545:
1537:
1494:
1332:
1325:
1235:
1047:
941:
Isoniazid has been approved as prophylactic therapy for the following populations:
677:
353:
297:
287:
277:
267:
257:
247:
237:
227:
217:
207:
5265:
2043:"Mechanisms involved in the intrinsic isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium avium"
1991:
1896:
7509:
7432:
7342:
7088:
6608:
6573:
6204:
5663:
5500:
4942:
4386:
4213:
3730:
3721:
3263:
Saygin D, Tabib T, Bittar HE, Valenzi E, Sembrat J, Chan SY, et al. (1959).
2839:
2757:
2654:
1460:
1368:
1219:
1051:
1043:
890:
463:
371:
94:
4017:
4013:
3086:
Harvey RA, Howland RD, Mycek MJ, Champe PC (2006). Harvey RA, Champe PC (eds.).
7312:
6991:
6932:
6922:
6897:
6831:
6200:
6132:
6066:
6016:
5922:
5753:
5491:
5370:
5242:
4172:
3947:
3872:
3616:
3466:
3367:
2568:
2260:
2107:
1682:
1317:
1204:
901:
1947:
Medical-surgical nursing : assessment and management of clinical problems
1573:
Rieder HL (April 2009). "Fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis".
7519:
7467:
7462:
7392:
7377:
7322:
7272:
7138:
7118:
7070:
7009:
6999:
6821:
6503:
5949:
5613:
5593:
5558:
5366:
5136:
4995:
4610:
4438:
4350:
4344:
4290:
4286:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4167:
4138:
4128:
3806:
3793:
3784:
3698:
3644:
2721:
2704:
2611:
1964:
1624:
1541:
1428:
1292:
1251:
1200:
1174:
1170:
1148:
1055:
878:
858:
653:
340:
183:
3013:
2009:
1945:
Lewis SM, Dirksen SR, Heitkemper MM, Bucher L, Harding M (5 December 2013).
7452:
7437:
7422:
7103:
6801:
6528:
6307:
6213:
6091:
6026:
5778:
5758:
5653:
5648:
5638:
5563:
5478:
4905:
4822:
4665:
4523:
4508:
4314:
4143:
3844:
3777:
3768:
3755:
3634:
3593:
3588:
3443:
3298:
3219:
3211:
3072:
3031:
2974:
2925:
2906:
2619:
2533:
2268:
2233:
2187:
2115:
2091:
2027:
1869:
1783:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
1750:
1659:
1594:
1559:
1196:
1178:
1126:
1059:
886:
835:. For latent tuberculosis, it is often used alone. It may also be used for
828:
824:
601:
292:
282:
272:
262:
252:
242:
232:
222:
212:
202:
6892:
6781:
3363:
3132:
2874:
2847:
2803:
2765:
2730:
2689:
2662:
2576:
2484:
2446:
2319:"Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Guide for Primary Health Care Providers"
2068:
1724:"The creation of the concept of an antidepressant: an historical analysis"
1651:
1165:
InhA, thereby blocking the natural enoyl-AcpM substrate and the action of
1091:
Isoniazid was found to significantly elevate the in vivo concentration of
36:
7367:
7347:
7332:
7297:
7167:
7159:
6937:
6568:
6486:
6209:
6136:
6021:
5917:
5768:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5583:
5573:
5469:
5401:
5354:
5217:
5195:
5164:
5158:
5084:
4964:
4954:
4840:
4832:
4817:
4731:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4660:
4649:
4621:
4615:
4571:
4533:
4513:
4498:
4446:
4324:
4281:
4222:
4188:
4163:
4133:
4123:
4001:
3866:
3832:
3798:
3788:
3711:
3675:
3532:
3485:
2428:
1281:
1239:
938:
infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid have a high rate of failure.
187:
102:
5092:
Insert into bacterial cell wall causing perforation and depolarization:
3280:
1823:
1795:
483:
7442:
7417:
7387:
7372:
7337:
7317:
7256:
7128:
7123:
7092:
7078:
7060:
6942:
6851:
6811:
6786:
6736:
6638:
6588:
6523:
6518:
6382:
6363:
6297:
6287:
6096:
6081:
6076:
6031:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5817:
5812:
5788:
5783:
5773:
5717:
5707:
5702:
5682:
5633:
5628:
5608:
5588:
5578:
5568:
5553:
5421:
5391:
5387:
5375:
5299:
5205:
5200:
5168:
5144:
5115:
5093:
4959:
4932:
4882:
4863:
4794:
4784:
4746:
4736:
4726:
4711:
4706:
4654:
4625:
4591:
4581:
4561:
4518:
4488:
4483:
4473:
4442:
4368:
4340:
4319:
4295:
4236:
4227:
4068:
3884:
3860:
3848:
3738:
3517:
3500:
3475:
2795:
1499:
1182:
1077:
1019:
1015:
897:
889:, the main tuberculosis treatment at the time. The research was led by
832:
820:
812:
707:
494:
2476:
7457:
7407:
7402:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7307:
7302:
7287:
6927:
6866:
6624:
6593:
6578:
6554:
6493:
6461:
6447:
6413:
6336:
6332:
6312:
6302:
6106:
5860:
5763:
5743:
5735:
5658:
5623:
5618:
5603:
5531:
5416:
5406:
5361:
5349:
5098:
4949:
4927:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4868:
4858:
4789:
4760:
4751:
4721:
4676:
4600:
4595:
4586:
4576:
4556:
4528:
4503:
4493:
4478:
4468:
4463:
4423:
4418:
4411:
4400:
4390:
4381:
4262:
4183:
4178:
4005:
3878:
3855:
3827:
3764:
3657:
3652:
3629:
3537:
3490:
3480:
3461:
1336:
1243:
1161:
to form the nicotinoyl-NAD adduct. This complex binds tightly to the
1132:
449:
394:
88:
44:
2463:
Alao AO, Yolles JC (September 1998). "Isoniazid-induced psychosis".
79:
isonicotinic acid hydrazide, isonicotinyl hydrazine, INH, INAH, INHA
7292:
6877:
6846:
6826:
6816:
6377:
6182:
6086:
6062:
6036:
5989:
5953:
5913:
5855:
5722:
5548:
5513:
5382:
5340:
5188:
4779:
4755:
4741:
4716:
4671:
4644:
4605:
4551:
4406:
4395:
3839:
3624:
3522:
3177:(3rd ed.). Norwich, NY: Elsevier Science. pp. 1968–1970.
3090:. Vol. 864 (4th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3063:
3046:
2211:
841:
550:
543:
474:
179:
130:
1847:
1698:
1303:
Hydra, Hyzyd, Isovit, Laniazid, Nydrazid, Rimifon, and
Stanozide.
1280:. In another method, isoniazid was claimed to have been made from
730:
7282:
6917:
6806:
6598:
5830:
5739:
5731:
3707:
3512:
2887:
1992:
Research
Committee Of The British Thoracic Society (March 2001).
1144:
882:
2212:
Steichen O, Martinez-Almoyna L, De
Broucker T (April 2006). "".
26:"FSR 3" redirects here. For FidelityFX Super Resolution v3, see
6956:
6841:
6791:
5993:
5333:
4938:
4434:
3527:
3389:
2705:"Interaction between carbamazepine and antituberculosis agents"
2041:
Mdluli K, Swanson J, Fischer E, Lee RE, Barry CE (March 1998).
1329:
581:
53:
6117:
2678:
1005:
complex treatment, this effect may be worth re-investigating.
7225:
6367:
6191:
5712:
5345:
4923:
4372:
4072:
3745:
2597:
721:
561:
3150:. Vol. 2. A Hodder Arnold Publication. pp. 132–4.
2824:
2781:
1944:
626:
6912:
6428:
5318:
2246:
2089:
1158:
1092:
773:
InChI=1S/C6H7N3O/c7-9-6(10)5-1-3-8-4-2-5/h1-4H,7H2,(H,9,10)
534:
2938:
2828:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
2249:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
2096:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
1767:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bdi.13272
819:. For active tuberculosis, it is often used together with
3170:
3044:
2939:
Timmins GS, Master S, Rusnak F, Deretic V (August 2004).
1485:
1402:
7020:
3262:
3197:
3085:
2987:
1799:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
1523:
2040:
1230:
Isoniazid reaches therapeutic concentrations in serum,
909:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
6398:
3110:
1811:
Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine
1207:
if the mycobacteria are slow-growing. It inhibits the
7493:
6539:
6167:
5007:
Benzathine benzylpenicillin/procaine benzylpenicillin
2860:
1463:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
2554:
389:
0.5–1.6h (fast acetylators), 2-5h (slow acetylators)
6882:
Tooltip Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter
6047:
5295:
2702:
2640:
1387:
965:Isoniazid can be used alone or in combination with
857:. It is usually taken by mouth, but may be used by
3918:Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
3200:Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
2743:
2675:
2505:
2376:"Treatment of Tuberculosis – Guidelines (4th ed.)"
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
1361:
900:, were among the first drugs to be referred to as
5934:
3139:
7517:
3348:"Isoniazid overdose: recognition and management"
2506:Iannaccone R, Sue YJ, Avner JR (February 2002).
1038:Up to 20% of people taking isoniazid experience
462:
6966:
6471:
2122:
1489:(2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.).
977:
437:
6348:
6122:Tooltip Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
5451:
3240:. United States Food and Drug Administration.
982:Isoniazid was widely used in the treatment of
7576:World Health Organization essential medicines
7241:
6713:
5281:
3986:
3416:
3345:
3191:
2703:Fleenor ME, Harden JW, Curtis G (June 1991).
1211:and hence acts as a source of free radicals.
21:Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia
5974:
3908:Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin
1777:
1320:to differentiate between various degrees of
1316:Isonicotinic acid hydrazide is also used in
1125:Isoniazid may increase the plasma levels of
609:
134:
6729:
6433:Tooltip Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
5323:Tooltip Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
2777:
2775:
2508:"Suicidal psychosis secondary to isoniazid"
2313:
2311:
1369:"Isoniazid (Nydrazid) Use During Pregnancy"
7248:
7234:
6720:
6706:
5460:
5288:
5274:
3993:
3979:
3423:
3409:
2462:
1977:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1493:. World Health Organization. p. 136.
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
663:
640:
502:
28:GPUOpen § FidelityFX Super Resolution
7214:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
5432:
5114:Inhibits PG elongation and crosslinking:
3321:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 425.
3288:
3174:Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia
3113:International Clinical Psychopharmacology
3062:
3021:
2964:
2915:
2905:
2784:European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2720:
2523:
2436:
2289:
2165:
2058:
2017:
1822:
1794:
1721:
1549:
1498:
1169:. This process inhibits the synthesis of
997:and although this is not bactericidal to
522:
7114:Valproate semisodium (divalproex sodium)
7025:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase
6761:
2863:European Journal of Respiratory Diseases
2772:
2308:
1762:
1760:
16:Antibiotic for treatment of tuberculosis
6609:
3346:Romero JA, Kuczler FJ (February 1998).
3164:
1949:(Ninth ed.). St. Louis, Missouri.
1771:
1444:
1173:, which are required components of the
636:
482:
107:
19:"Inah" redirects here. For "INAH", see
7518:
6403:Tooltip Serotonin N-acetyl transferase
1680:
1572:
1479:
1138:
1008:
654:
7229:
6701:
6544:Tooltip Histamine N-methyltransferase
6172:Tooltip Catechol-O-methyl transferase
5269:
3974:
3404:
3315:Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases
3311:
3145:
2945:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2458:
2456:
2410:
2294:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2207:
2205:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1915:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1757:
1637:
1467:from the original on 20 December 2016
1238:. It is metabolized in the liver via
589:
569:
334:
125:
93:
3104:
1163:enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase
1106:
296:
286:
276:
266:
256:
246:
236:
226:
216:
206:
6802:Deramciclane (EGIS-3886, EGYT-3886)
6052:Tooltip Dopamine beta-monooxygenase
3244:from the original on 14 August 2012
2894:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1640:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
1147:that inhibits the formation of the
549:
542:
453:
13:
3339:
3171:William Andrew Publishing (2008).
3051:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2453:
2329:from the original on 25 March 2016
2202:
2147:from the original on 13 March 2019
1933:
1876:
1214:Isoniazid is a mild non-selective
376:liver; CYP450: 2C19, 3A4 inhibitor
14:
7587:
5939:Tooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase
5139:subunit synthesis and transport:
3923:Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
3382:
2392:from the original on 4 April 2016
2290:Alldredge B (February 12, 2013).
1921:from the original on 2 March 2016
1917:. 39 (RR-8): 9–12. May 18, 1990.
1813:(6th revision ed.). Geneva:
1311:
157:
7503:
3388:
3125:10.1097/00004850-199400920-00009
2525:10.1097/00006565-200202000-00008
2364:from the original on 2015-10-25.
2214:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
2180:10.2165/00002018-200124070-00006
2060:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00774.x
1188:
694:
688:
52:
43:
6971:Tooltip Glutamate decarboxylase
6476:Tooltip Histidine decarboxylase
3913:Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin
3305:
3256:
3226:
3079:
3038:
2981:
2957:10.1128/AAC.48.8.3006-3009.2004
2932:
2881:
2854:
2818:
2737:
2696:
2669:
2634:
2591:
2548:
2499:
2404:
2368:
2350:
2341:
2283:
2240:
2159:
2083:
2034:
1985:
1903:
1850:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
1841:
1803:
1743:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.047
1715:
1674:
1101:magnetic resonance spectroscopy
1033:
923:
918:
778:Key:QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
7255:
6353:Tooltip Tryptophan hydroxylase
6133:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
6067:Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
5492:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
5456:Tooltip Aldehyde dehydrogenase
5037:Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
2325:. Center for Disease Control.
1631:
1609:
1566:
1517:
1416:
1335:. The test works by forming a
1298:
1287:It can in theory be made from
1260:
896:Isoniazid and a related drug,
837:atypical types of mycobacteria
700:
682:
323:
1:
7189:Receptor/signaling modulators
6679:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
6659:Receptor/signaling modulators
2746:Archives of Internal Medicine
2557:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2465:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2385:. World Health Organization.
2226:10.1016/S0761-8425(06)71480-2
1862:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30407-8
1731:Social Science & Medicine
1587:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60559-6
1354:
1339:which can be detected by its
1306:
1225:
1076:Isoniazid is associated with
873:The drug was first tested at
7546:GABA transaminase inhibitors
7207:receptor positive modulators
5979:Tooltip Tyrosine hydroxylase
2840:10.1164/ajrccm.149.5.8173779
2758:10.1001/archinte.153.17.1970
2655:10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-799
1897:"Isoniazid (package insert)"
1082:aminolevulinic acid synthase
978:Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
71:Hydra, Hyzyd, Isovit, others
7:
6734:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid
6639:Pimagedine (aminoguanidine)
6509:Alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine
5062:Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
4982:Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
4119:Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)
4109:Benzathine benzylpenicillin
3807:Thioacetazone (amithiozone)
3608:Protein synthesis inhibitor
2643:Annals of Internal Medicine
1623:. Roche USA. Archived from
1272:. It is manufactured using
1216:monoamine oxidase inhibitor
805:isonicotinic acid hydrazide
10:
7592:
6683:Monoamine releasing agents
5449:Substrates→Products (with
2569:10.1177/106002809302700205
2261:10.1164/rccm.200510-1666ST
2108:10.1164/rccm.201204-0682OC
1154:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
936:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
931:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
864:
672:Chemical and physical data
25:
18:
7263:
7180:
7158:
7151:
7036:3-Hydrazinopropionic acid
7018:
6964:
6955:
6875:
6759:
6750:
6651:
6607:
6537:
6469:
6460:
6426:
6396:
6346:
6325:
6165:
6115:
6045:
5972:
5932:
5906:
5797:
5672:
5444:
5437:Tooltip Monoamine oxidase
5430:
5316:
5309:
5226:
5178:
5128:
5107:
5083:
5074:
4987:Ampicillin/flucloxacillin
4974:
4914:
4881:
4849:
4831:
4803:
4770:
4635:
4542:
4454:
4433:
4367:
4333:
4304:
4271:
4212:
4201:
4152:
4114:Procaine benzylpenicillin
4092:
4081:
4067:
4025:
3931:
3895:
3819:
3754:
3720:
3697:
3688:
3666:
3643:
3615:
3606:
3574:
3546:
3499:
3460:
3451:
3352:American Family Physician
3331:– via Google Books.
3148:The Psychopharmacologists
2090:van Ingen J, Egelund EF,
1815:World Health Organization
1787:World Health Organization
1722:Moncrieff J (June 2008).
1487:World Health Organization
972:Directly Observed Therapy
817:treatment of tuberculosis
786:
761:
741:
719:
706:
676:
671:
652:
620:
600:
580:
560:
533:
513:
493:
473:
448:
428:
420:Pyridine-4-carbohydrazide
408:
403:
393:
380:
370:
360:
352:
313:
308:
193:
171:
145:
115:
101:
83:
75:
65:
60:
51:
42:
7196:GABA receptor modulators
6982:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
6766:Tooltip GABA transporter
6137:Epinephrine (adrenaline)
5470:Epinephrine (adrenaline)
3690:Cell envelope antibiotic
3576:Topoisomerase inhibitors
2722:10.1378/chest.99.6.1554a
2612:10.1016/j.ab.2020.113738
2512:Pediatric Emergency Care
1691:National Academies Press
1542:10.1177/2045894020908782
1491:WHO Model Formulary 2008
1099:in a single subject via
399:urine (primarily), feces
7526:Anti-tuberculosis drugs
6614:Tooltip Diamine oxidase
5052:Piperacillin/tazobactam
5012:Cefepime/enmetazobactam
3668:Polypeptide antibiotics
3560:Calcium aminosalicylate
3014:10.1126/science.1164571
2600:Analytical Biochemistry
2010:10.1136/thorax.56.3.167
1346:
7571:Vitamin B6 antagonists
6514:Histidine methyl ester
5143:synthesis inhibition (
5027:Ceftolozane/tazobactam
5017:Cefoperazone/sulbactam
4916:β-lactamase inhibitors
3565:Sodium aminosalicylate
3453:Nucleic acid inhibitor
3436:tuberculosis treatment
3212:10.1002/jps.3030450714
2907:10.1074/jbc.M808106200
2047:Molecular Microbiology
1291:, which is labelled a
1209:cytochrome P450 system
7541:Disulfiram-like drugs
6687:Monoamine neurotoxins
6629:Imidazole acetic acid
5057:Sulbactam/durlobactam
5042:Meropenem/vaborbactam
5022:Ceftazidime/avibactam
4154:β-lactamase resistant
4094:β-lactamase sensitive
3735:arabinosyltransferase
3555:4-Aminosalicylic acid
3269:Pulmonary Circulation
2411:Joint T (July 1998).
1652:10.1353/bhm.2002.0186
1530:Pulmonary Circulation
1218:(MAO-I). It inhibits
1040:peripheral neuropathy
859:injection into muscle
7478:Tetrafluorohydrazine
7448:Pivalylbenzhydrazine
6622:Substrates→Products:
6552:Substrates→Products:
6484:Substrates→Products:
6441:Substrates→Products:
6411:Substrates→Products:
6361:Substrates→Products:
6180:Substrates→Products:
6130:Substrates→Products:
6060:Substrates→Products:
5987:Substrates→Products:
5964:3,4-Dihydroxystyrene
5947:Substrates→Products:
5331:Substrates→Products:
5047:Panipenem/betamipron
4992:Ampicillin/sulbactam
4104:Benzylpenicillin (G)
4038:cell wall by binding
3903:Ethambutol/isoniazid
3397:at Wikimedia Commons
2429:10.1136/thx.53.7.536
2358:"Isoniazid UpToDate"
2292:Applied Therapeutics
1693:. pp. 282–307.
1687:Biographical Memoirs
1289:methyl isonicotinate
1199:to rapidly dividing
1086:sideroblastic anemia
1030:hepatitis from INH.
7561:4-Pyridyl compounds
6903:Chicago sky blue 6B
6777:4-Aminovaleric acid
6102:Phenopicolinic acid
5826:Desmethylselegiline
5032:Imipenem/cilastatin
5002:Aztreonam/avibactam
4813:Ceftaroline fosamil
3771:synth. inhibition:
3281:10.1021/ac60145a020
3006:2008Sci...322.1392S
3000:(5906): 1392–1395.
2220:(2 Pt 1): 157–160.
2143:. 18 October 2018.
1581:(9670): 1148–1149.
1284:starting material.
1232:cerebrospinal fluid
1167:fatty acid synthase
1139:Mechanism of action
1009:Special populations
985:Mycobacterium avium
974:(DOT) supervision.
39:
6278:2-Hydroxyestradiol
6259:4-Methoxyestradiol
6255:4-Hydroxyestradiol
6241:2-Methoxyestradiol
6237:2-Hydroxyestradiol
6007:2-Hydroxyestradiol
5253:Never to phase III
5185:Hydrolyze NAM-NAG
4273:Carboxypenicillins
4036:layer of bacterial
4032:(inhibit synthesis
3958:Never to phase III
3440:leprostatic agents
3432:Antimycobacterials
2796:10.1007/BF00280078
2137:"Isoniazid tablet"
1681:Beeson PB (1990).
1341:bathochromic shift
1236:caseous granulomas
913:generic medication
753:C1=CN=CC=C1C(=O)NN
35:
7536:CYP3A4 inhibitors
7491:
7490:
7223:
7222:
7176:
7175:
7147:
7146:
7109:Valproate pivoxil
7073:
7046:γ-Acetylenic-GABA
6951:
6950:
6695:
6694:
6690:
6647:
6646:
6559:N-Methylhistamine
6489:
6456:
6455:
6444:N-Acetylserotonin
6418:N-Acetylserotonin
6388:Telotristat ethyl
6383:Fenclonine (PCPA)
6340:
6321:
6320:
6196:Homovanillic acid
6187:3-Methoxytyramine
5996:
5926:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5879:
5820:
5748:tetrahydroharmine
5728:Harmala alkaloids
5523:3-Methoxytyramine
5378:
5357:
5336:
5263:
5262:
5124:
5123:
5070:
5069:
4877:
4876:
4659:Antipseudomonal (
4567:Cefuroxime axetil
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4306:Ureidopenicillins
4197:
4196:
4061:
4054:
4050:
4040:to and inhibiting
3968:
3967:
3815:
3814:
3805:Others/unsorted:
3684:
3683:
3602:
3601:
3393:Media related to
3312:Sykes JE (2013).
3157:978-1-86036-010-7
2900:(11): 7017–7029.
2752:(17): 1970–1976.
2477:10.1345/aph.17377
1956:978-0-323-10089-2
1737:(11): 2346–2355.
1708:978-0-309-04198-0
1683:"Walsh McDermott"
1432:. 14 October 2020
1326:organic compounds
1278:hydrazine hydrate
1267:isonicotinic acid
1107:Drug interactions
798:
797:
732:Interactive image
622:CompTox Dashboard
338:
326:
161:
128:
7583:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7499:
7428:Phenoxypropazine
7250:
7243:
7236:
7227:
7226:
7156:
7155:
7099:Sodium valproate
7071:
7026:
7022:
6994:
6972:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6883:
6879:
6767:
6763:
6757:
6756:
6735:
6731:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6699:
6698:
6653:
6615:
6611:
6545:
6541:
6487:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6466:
6434:
6430:
6404:
6400:
6354:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6330:
6283:2-Hydroxyestrone
6268:4-Methoxyestrone
6264:4-Hydroxyestrone
6250:2-Methoxyestrone
6246:2-Hydroxyestrone
6173:
6169:
6123:
6119:
6053:
6049:
6012:2-Hydroxyestrone
5997:-DOPA (levodopa)
5994:
5980:
5976:
5940:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5911:
5877:
5818:
5805:MAO-B selective:
5680:MAO-A-selective:
5644:Phenoxypropazine
5466:
5462:
5457:
5453:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5376:
5355:
5337:-DOPA (levodopa)
5334:
5324:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5267:
5266:
5081:
5080:
4452:
4451:
4308:(4th generation)
4275:(4th generation)
4216:(3rd generation)
4214:Aminopenicillins
4210:
4209:
4157:(2nd generation)
4097:(1st generation)
4090:
4089:
4079:
4078:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4052:
4048:
4034:of peptidoglycan
4030:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3695:
3694:
3613:
3612:
3458:
3457:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3392:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3366:. Archived from
3333:
3332:
3320:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3146:Healy D (1998).
3143:
3137:
3136:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3066:
3057:(7): 1136–1143.
3042:
3036:
3035:
3025:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2968:
2951:(8): 3006–3009.
2936:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2909:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2834:(5): 1359–1374.
2822:
2816:
2815:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2527:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2440:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2380:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2133:
2120:
2119:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2062:
2053:(6): 1223–1233.
2038:
2032:
2031:
2021:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1968:
1942:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1899:. 30 March 2023.
1893:
1874:
1873:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1826:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1775:
1769:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1689:. Vol. 59.
1678:
1672:
1671:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1553:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1502:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1457:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1399:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1375:. 7 October 2019
1365:
1333:functional group
1265:Isoniazid is an
1192:
1058:rash and fever.
1048:thrombocytopenia
803:, also known as
794:
793:
734:
714:
702:
696:
690:
684:
667:
656:
645:
644:
630:
628:
613:
593:
573:
553:
546:
526:
506:
486:
466:
456:
455:
441:
385:
366:Very low (0–10%)
343:
336:
333:
325:
322:
300:
290:
280:
270:
260:
250:
240:
230:
220:
210:
159:
156:
138:
127:
124:
111:
97:
56:
47:
40:
38:
34:
7591:
7590:
7586:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7531:Antidepressants
7516:
7515:
7514:
7504:
7502:
7494:
7492:
7487:
7433:Phenylhydrazine
7259:
7254:
7224:
7219:
7206:
7172:
7143:
7089:Rosmarinic acid
7024:
7014:
6992:
6970:
6947:
6881:
6871:
6765:
6746:
6733:
6726:
6696:
6691:
6643:
6613:
6603:
6574:Diphenhydramine
6543:
6533:
6475:
6452:
6432:
6422:
6402:
6392:
6352:
6329:
6317:
6205:Normetanephrine
6171:
6161:
6121:
6111:
6051:
6041:
5978:
5968:
5938:
5921:
5910:
5908:Phenethylamines
5894:
5793:
5668:
5664:Tranylcypromine
5501:Normetanephrine
5464:
5455:
5436:
5426:
5322:
5305:
5294:
5264:
5259:
5258:
5243:Clinical trials
5222:
5174:
5120:
5103:
5066:
4970:
4943:Clavulanic acid
4910:
4873:
4845:
4827:
4799:
4766:
4631:
4538:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4429:
4387:Antipseudomonal
4355:
4329:
4300:
4267:
4204:
4193:
4156:
4148:
4096:
4084:
4057:transpeptidases
4056:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4021:
3999:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3948:Clinical trials
3927:
3891:
3811:
3750:
3731:Ethylenediamine
3722:Arabinogalactan
3716:
3680:
3662:
3639:
3617:Aminoglycosides
3598:
3579:
3570:
3542:
3495:
3465:
3447:
3429:
3385:
3373:
3371:
3342:
3340:Further reading
3337:
3336:
3329:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3261:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3144:
3140:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3084:
3080:
3043:
3039:
2986:
2982:
2937:
2933:
2886:
2882:
2859:
2855:
2823:
2819:
2780:
2773:
2742:
2738:
2701:
2697:
2674:
2670:
2649:(10): 799–800.
2639:
2635:
2596:
2592:
2553:
2549:
2504:
2500:
2461:
2454:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2288:
2284:
2245:
2241:
2210:
2203:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2135:
2134:
2123:
2088:
2084:
2039:
2035:
1990:
1986:
1970:
1969:
1957:
1943:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1877:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1779:Organization WH
1776:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1679:
1675:
1636:
1632:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1571:
1567:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1274:4-cyanopyridine
1263:
1257:
1228:
1220:diamine oxidase
1143:Isoniazid is a
1141:
1109:
1052:agranulocytosis
1044:Aplastic anemia
1036:
1011:
995:M. tuberculosis
980:
926:
921:
902:antidepressants
891:Walsh McDermott
867:
789:
787:
782:
779:
774:
769:
768:
757:
754:
749:
748:
737:
712:
699:
693:
687:
648:
624:
616:
596:
576:
556:
529:
509:
489:
469:
452:
444:
424:
421:
416:
415:
383:
362:Protein binding
354:Pharmacokinetic
348:
341:
304:
174:
167:
148:
141:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7589:
7579:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7513:
7512:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7313:Carbohydrazide
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7253:
7252:
7245:
7238:
7230:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7217:
7210:
7204:
7199:
7192:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7170:
7164:
7162:
7160:Antivitamin B6
7153:
7149:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7029:
7027:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7003:
7002:
6997:
6989:
6984:
6975:
6973:
6959:
6953:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6933:Nipecotic acid
6930:
6925:
6923:N-Butyric acid
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6898:Bafilomycin A1
6895:
6886:
6884:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6832:Nipecotic acid
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6770:
6768:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6725:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6702:
6693:
6692:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6632:
6631:
6618:
6616:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6562:
6561:
6548:
6546:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6497:
6496:
6480:
6478:
6464:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6437:
6435:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6407:
6405:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6371:
6370:
6357:
6355:
6341:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6271:
6270:
6261:
6252:
6243:
6234:
6225:
6216:
6207:
6201:Norepinephrine
6198:
6189:
6176:
6174:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6140:
6139:
6126:
6124:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6070:
6069:
6056:
6054:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6017:3-Iodotyrosine
6014:
6009:
6000:
5999:
5983:
5981:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5957:
5956:
5943:
5941:
5927:
5923:norepinephrine
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5815:
5810:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5754:Methylene blue
5751:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5713:CX157 (Tyrima)
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:Non-selective:
5539:
5538:
5529:
5520:
5511:
5498:
5489:
5476:
5445:
5439:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5395:
5394:
5385:
5373:
5371:Phenethylamine
5364:
5352:
5343:
5327:
5325:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5293:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5270:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5162:
5148:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5089:
5087:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4948:non-β-lactam (
4946:
4936:
4930:
4920:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4837:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4809:
4807:
4805:5th generation
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4776:
4774:
4772:4th generation
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4758:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4637:3rd generation
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4619:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4544:2nd generation
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4456:1st generation
4449:
4439:Cephalosporins
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4393:
4384:
4377:
4375:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4284:
4278:
4276:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4207:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4173:Flucloxacillin
4170:
4160:
4158:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4087:
4076:
4062:
4023:
4022:
4004:active on the
4002:Antibacterials
3998:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3873:Nitroimidazole
3869:
3864:
3852:
3836:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:Thiocarbamides
3781:
3780:
3775:
3761:
3759:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3727:
3725:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3467:RNA polymerase
3455:
3449:
3448:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3384:
3383:External links
3381:
3380:
3379:
3358:(4): 749–752.
3341:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3328:978-0323241946
3327:
3304:
3275:(1): 102–105.
3255:
3225:
3206:(7): 478–480.
3190:
3183:
3163:
3156:
3138:
3119:(2): 123–125.
3103:
3096:
3078:
3064:10.1086/605605
3037:
2980:
2931:
2880:
2869:(2): 110–116.
2853:
2817:
2790:(2): 197–198.
2771:
2736:
2695:
2684:(1): 115–118.
2668:
2633:
2590:
2563:(2): 167–170.
2547:
2498:
2471:(9): 889–891.
2452:
2423:(7): 536–548.
2403:
2367:
2349:
2340:
2307:
2300:
2282:
2255:(8): 935–952.
2239:
2201:
2174:(7): 553–565.
2158:
2121:
2102:(6): 559–565.
2082:
2033:
2004:(3): 167–172.
1984:
1955:
1932:
1902:
1875:
1856:(2): 223–234.
1840:
1833:
1802:
1770:
1756:
1714:
1707:
1673:
1646:(4): 749–790.
1630:
1627:on 2007-12-12.
1608:
1565:
1536:(1): 393–414.
1516:
1509:
1478:
1443:
1415:
1386:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1318:chromatography
1313:
1312:Chromatography
1310:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1262:
1259:
1227:
1224:
1205:bacteriostatic
1140:
1137:
1108:
1105:
1035:
1032:
1010:
1007:
993:complex as in
979:
976:
963:
962:
959:
956:
953:
949:
946:
925:
922:
920:
917:
866:
863:
796:
795:
784:
783:
781:
780:
777:
775:
772:
764:
763:
762:
759:
758:
756:
755:
752:
744:
743:
742:
739:
738:
736:
735:
727:
725:
717:
716:
710:
704:
703:
697:
691:
685:
680:
674:
673:
669:
668:
658:
650:
649:
647:
646:
633:
631:
618:
617:
615:
614:
606:
604:
598:
597:
595:
594:
586:
584:
578:
577:
575:
574:
566:
564:
558:
557:
555:
554:
547:
539:
537:
531:
530:
528:
527:
519:
517:
511:
510:
508:
507:
499:
497:
491:
490:
488:
487:
479:
477:
471:
470:
468:
467:
459:
457:
446:
445:
443:
442:
434:
432:
426:
425:
423:
422:
419:
411:
410:
409:
406:
405:
401:
400:
397:
391:
390:
387:
378:
377:
374:
368:
367:
364:
358:
357:
350:
349:
347:
346:
331:
319:
317:
311:
310:
306:
305:
303:
302:
199:
197:
191:
190:
177:
175:administration
169:
168:
166:
165:
163:
153:
151:
143:
142:
140:
139:
121:
119:
113:
112:
105:
99:
98:
91:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
63:
62:
58:
57:
49:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7588:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7511:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7468:Semicarbazone
7466:
7464:
7463:Semicarbazide
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7393:Metfendrazine
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7378:Isocarboxazid
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7323:Dihydralazine
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7273:Acylhydrazine
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7262:
7258:
7251:
7246:
7244:
7239:
7237:
7232:
7231:
7228:
7216:
7215:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7193:
7191:
7190:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7150:
7140:
7139:3-Methyl-GABA
7137:
7134:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:Valproic acid
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7023:
7017:
7011:
7010:3-Methyl-GABA
7008:
7005:
7004:
7001:
7000:Semicarbazide
6998:
6996:
6995:-Allylglycine
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6974:
6969:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6880:
6874:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6822:Ibotenic acid
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6764:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6742:
6738:
6732:
6723:
6718:
6716:
6711:
6709:
6704:
6703:
6700:
6689:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6675:Serotonergics
6672:
6671:Melatonergics
6668:
6667:Dopaminergics
6664:
6660:
6657:
6650:
6640:
6637:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6612:
6606:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6542:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6495:
6491:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6474:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6431:
6425:
6419:
6415:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6401:
6395:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6351:
6345:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6324:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6164:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6120:
6114:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6050:
6044:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5951:
5950:Phenylalanine
5948:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5937:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5919:
5915:
5909:
5905:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5671:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5614:Metfendrazine
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5594:Isocarboxazid
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5559:Echinopsidine
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5463:
5454:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5367:Phenylalanine
5365:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5291:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5277:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:Intracellular
5127:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4996:Sultamicillin
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4611:Cefbuperazone
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:Carbapenems (
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4352:
4351:Sulbenicillin
4349:
4346:
4345:Pivmecillinam
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4291:Carindacillin
4288:
4287:Carbenicillin
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4257:Talampicillin
4255:
4253:
4252:Metampicillin
4250:
4248:
4247:Lenampicillin
4245:
4243:
4242:Bacampicillin
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:Pivampicillin
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4200:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:Dicloxacillin
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4139:Clometocillin
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:Pheneticillin
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4058:
4044:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:Other/unknown
3818:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Prothionamide
3792:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:Peptidoglycan
3696:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3441:
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3386:
3370:on 2011-11-01
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3184:9780815515265
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2301:9781609137137
2297:
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2169:
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2146:
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2128:
2126:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
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2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1937:
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1859:
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1834:9789241515528
1830:
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1752:
1748:
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1725:
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1700:
1699:10.17226/1652
1696:
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1669:
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1649:
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1569:
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1552:
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1543:
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1535:
1532:(in German).
1531:
1527:
1520:
1512:
1510:9789241547659
1506:
1501:
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1488:
1482:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
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1431:
1430:
1429:Health Canada
1425:
1419:
1404:
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1390:
1374:
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1364:
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1352:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1304:
1296:
1294:
1293:semiochemical
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:renal failure
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:, and within
1233:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:Isoniazid is
1193:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:mycobacterial
1172:
1171:mycolic acids
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:mycobacterial
1146:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1097:homocarnosine
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:maculopapular
1053:
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1045:
1041:
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1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
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1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
986:
975:
973:
968:
960:
957:
954:
950:
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944:
943:
942:
939:
937:
933:
932:
916:
914:
910:
907:It is on the
905:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
881:community in
880:
876:
871:
862:
860:
856:
855:
850:
849:
844:
843:
838:
834:
830:
827:, and either
826:
822:
818:
815:used for the
814:
810:
806:
802:
792:
785:
776:
771:
770:
767:
760:
751:
750:
747:
740:
733:
729:
728:
726:
723:
718:
711:
709:
705:
681:
679:
675:
670:
666:
662:
659:
657:
655:ECHA InfoCard
651:
643:
639:
638:DTXSID8020755
635:
634:
632:
623:
619:
612:
608:
607:
605:
603:
599:
592:
588:
587:
585:
583:
579:
572:
568:
567:
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563:
559:
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541:
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532:
525:
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520:
518:
516:
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505:
501:
500:
498:
496:
492:
485:
481:
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465:
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460:
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447:
440:
436:
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431:
427:
418:
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407:
402:
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388:
386:
379:
375:
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369:
365:
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359:
355:
351:
344:
332:
330:
321:
320:
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312:
307:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
201:
200:
198:
196:
192:
189:
185:
184:intramuscular
181:
178:
176:
170:
164:
155:
154:
152:
150:
144:
137:
132:
123:
122:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
68:
64:
61:Clinical data
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
33:
29:
22:
7551:Hepatotoxins
7453:Procarbazine
7438:Pildralazine
7423:Pheniprazine
7382:
7212:
7201:
7194:
7187:
7135:
7104:Valnoctamide
7074:-Cycloserine
7065:
7032:
7006:
6978:
6889:
6773:
6655:
6654:
6635:
6621:
6565:
6551:
6529:Tritoqualine
6500:
6483:
6440:
6410:
6374:
6360:
6308:Quinalizarin
6293:Neluxicapone
6274:
6214:Metanephrine
6179:
6143:
6129:
6092:Fusaric acid
6073:
6059:
6027:Bulbocapnine
6003:
5986:
5960:
5946:
5890:Tisolagiline
5885:Sembragiline
5876:Selegiline (
5804:
5801:
5779:Sercloremine
5759:Metralindole
5679:
5676:
5654:Procarbazine
5649:Pivhydrazine
5639:Pheniprazine
5598:
5564:Furazolidone
5545:
5542:
5479:Metanephrine
5448:
5398:
5330:
5310:Non-specific
5212:
5167:inhibitors (
5157:inhibitors (
5085:Lipopeptides
5076:Polypeptides
4975:Combinations
4906:Nocardicin A
4823:Ceftobiprole
4666:Cefoperazone
4524:Cefaloridine
4509:Cefaloglycin
4447:Carbacephems
4315:Piperacillin
4144:Penamecillin
4045:, a group of
3896:Combinations
3883:
3877:
3871:
3854:
3845:Pyrazinamide
3838:
3826:
3778:Methaniazide
3772:
3769:mycolic acid
3756:Mycolic acid
3635:Streptomycin
3594:Moxifloxacin
3589:Gatifloxacin
3553:
3434:, including
3372:. Retrieved
3368:the original
3355:
3351:
3314:
3307:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3246:. Retrieved
3237:
3228:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3173:
3166:
3147:
3141:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3088:Pharmacology
3087:
3081:
3054:
3050:
3040:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2787:
2783:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2518:(1): 25–27.
2515:
2511:
2501:
2468:
2464:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2394:. Retrieved
2382:
2370:
2352:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2322:
2291:
2285:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2217:
2213:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2149:. Retrieved
2140:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1946:
1923:. Retrieved
1914:
1905:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1824:10665/312266
1810:
1805:
1796:10665/325771
1782:
1773:
1734:
1730:
1717:
1686:
1676:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1625:the original
1621:rocheusa.com
1620:
1611:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1490:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1434:. Retrieved
1427:
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1398:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1372:
1363:
1350:
1328:barring the
1315:
1302:
1286:
1264:
1256:
1229:
1213:
1201:mycobacteria
1197:bactericidal
1194:
1187:
1179:nitric oxide
1152:
1142:
1131:
1127:theophylline
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1090:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:Gynecomastia
1037:
1034:Side effects
1028:
1025:
1012:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
984:
981:
964:
940:
935:
929:
927:
924:Tuberculosis
919:Medical uses
906:
895:
887:streptomycin
872:
868:
852:
846:
840:
829:streptomycin
825:pyrazinamide
808:
804:
800:
799:
788:
602:NIAID ChemDB
382:Elimination
315:Legal status
309:Legal status
117:License data
32:
7368:Iproclozide
7348:Hydralazine
7333:Endralazine
7298:Cadralazine
7168:Ginkgotoxin
7136:Activators:
7033:Inhibitors:
7007:Activators:
6979:Inhibitors:
6938:Valinomycin
6890:Inhibitors:
6837:NNC 05-2090
6774:Inhibitors:
6752:Transporter
6663:Adrenergics
6636:Inhibitors:
6569:Amodiaquine
6566:Inhibitors:
6501:Inhibitors:
6375:Inhibitors:
6327:Tryptamines
6275:Inhibitors:
6210:Epinephrine
6144:Inhibitors:
6074:Inhibitors:
6022:Aquayamycin
6004:Inhibitors:
5961:Inhibitors:
5918:epinephrine
5808:Adarigiline
5802:Inhibitors:
5769:Moclobemide
5698:Brofaromine
5693:Befloxatone
5688:Bazinaprine
5677:Inhibitors:
5584:Iproclozide
5574:Hydralazine
5543:Inhibitors:
5465:Tooltip ALR
5402:Benserazide
5399:Inhibitors:
5239:from market
5218:Teixobactin
5196:Tyrothricin
5165:bactoprenol
5159:Cycloserine
4965:Vaborbactam
4955:Durlobactam
4883:Monobactams
4841:Cefiderocol
4833:Siderophore
4818:Ceftolozane
4732:Cefpimizole
4702:Cefpodoxime
4697:Cefpiramide
4692:Cefmenoxime
4687:Ceftizoxime
4682:Cefdaloxime
4661:Ceftazidime
4650:Ceftriaxone
4622:Carbacephem
4616:Cefmetazole
4572:Cefamandole
4534:Cefatrizine
4514:Cefacetrile
4499:Cefroxadine
4443:Cephamycins
4369:Carbapenems
4325:Mezlocillin
4282:Ticarcillin
4223:Amoxicillin
4189:Methicillin
4164:Cloxacillin
4134:Azidocillin
4124:Propicillin
4069:Penicillins
3944:from market
3867:Bedaquiline
3833:Clofazimine
3799:Thiocarlide
3789:Ethionamide
3737:inhibitor:
3712:Cycloserine
3676:Capreomycin
3645:Oxazolidone
3533:Solasulfone
3501:Antifolates
3486:Rifapentine
3234:"Drugs@FDA"
2715:(6): 1554.
2168:Drug Safety
1925:22 February
1500:10665/44053
1461:"Isoniazid"
1322:conjugation
1299:Brand names
1282:citric acid
1261:Preparation
1240:acetylation
1062:may occur.
848:M. kansasii
715: g·mol
661:100.000.195
404:Identifiers
188:intravenous
103:MedlinePlus
76:Other names
67:Trade names
7556:Hydrazides
7520:Categories
7443:Pimagedine
7418:Phenelzine
7388:Mebanazine
7373:Iproniazid
7338:Gyromitrin
7318:Daminozide
7257:Hydrazines
7129:Vigabatrin
7124:Valpromide
7093:lemon balm
7079:Phenelzine
7061:Gabaculine
6943:Vigabatrin
6908:Evans blue
6852:SKF-89976A
6812:Gabaculine
6787:Arecaidine
6744:modulators
6737:metabolism
6589:Quinacrine
6524:Naringenin
6519:Meciadanol
6490:-Histidine
6364:Tryptophan
6298:Nitecapone
6288:Entacapone
6147:CGS-19281A
6097:Nepicastat
6082:Disulfiram
6077:Bupicomide
6032:Metirosine
5880:-Deprenyl)
5871:Safinamide
5866:Rasagiline
5851:Mofegiline
5846:Milacemide
5841:Lazabemide
5836:Ladostigil
5813:Almoxatone
5789:Toloxatone
5784:Tetrindole
5774:Pirlindole
5718:Eprobemide
5708:Clorgiline
5703:Cimoxatone
5683:Amiflamine
5634:Phenelzine
5629:Paraxazone
5609:Mebanazine
5589:Iproniazid
5579:Indantadol
5569:Guineesine
5554:Caroxazone
5422:Methyldopa
5392:Tryptamine
5388:Tryptophan
5358:-Histidine
5303:modulators
5300:metabolism
5206:Tyrocidine
5201:Gramicidin
5169:Bacitracin
5145:Fosfomycin
5116:Ramoplanin
5094:Daptomycin
4960:Relebactam
4933:Tazobactam
4864:Cefquinome
4851:Veterinary
4795:Cefquinome
4785:Cefozopran
4747:Ceftiolene
4737:Cefsulodin
4727:Cefodizime
4712:Cefditoren
4707:Ceftibuten
4655:Cefotaxime
4626:Loracarbef
4592:Cephamycin
4582:Ceforanide
4562:Cefuroxime
4519:Cefalonium
4489:Cefazaflur
4484:Cefazedone
4474:Cefadroxil
4341:Mecillinam
4320:Azlocillin
4296:Temocillin
4237:Hetacillin
4228:Ampicillin
3885:Pretomanid
3861:Terizidone
3849:Morinamide
3765:Hydrazides
3739:Ethambutol
3710:analogue:
3581:quinolones
3518:Acedapsone
3476:Rifampicin
3462:Rifamycins
3374:2005-12-13
2606:: 113738.
2151:24 January
1785:. Geneva:
1471:8 December
1379:24 January
1355:References
1307:Other uses
1270:derivative
1226:Metabolism
1183:pretomanid
1078:pyridoxine
1020:pyridoxine
1016:vitamin B6
898:iproniazid
875:Many Farms
839:, such as
833:ethambutol
821:rifampicin
813:antibiotic
720:3D model (
708:Molar mass
571:CHEBI:6030
524:V83O1VOZ8L
495:ChemSpider
430:CAS Number
413:IUPAC name
372:Metabolism
7458:Safrazine
7408:Octamoxin
7403:Nialamide
7383:Isoniazid
7363:Hydrazone
7358:Hydrazine
7353:Hydrazide
7308:Carbidopa
7303:Carbazide
7288:Agaritine
7066:Isoniazid
6928:Nigericin
6893:β-Alanine
6867:Tiagabine
6857:SNAP-5114
6782:β-Alanine
6741:transport
6656:See also:
6625:Histamine
6594:SKF-91488
6584:Metoprine
6579:Harmaline
6555:Histamine
6494:Histamine
6462:Histamine
6448:Melatonin
6414:Serotonin
6337:melatonin
6333:serotonin
6313:Tolcapone
6303:Opicapone
6152:SKF-64139
6107:Tropolone
5861:Pargyline
5821:-Deprenyl
5764:Minaprine
5744:norharman
5736:harmaline
5659:Safrazine
5624:Octamoxin
5619:Nialamide
5604:Linezolid
5599:Isoniazid
5532:Serotonin
5417:Genistein
5407:Carbidopa
5379:-Tyrosine
5362:Histamine
5350:Serotonin
5297:Monoamine
5249:Phase III
5237:Withdrawn
5213:Isoniazid
5099:Surfactin
4950:Avibactam
4928:Sulbactam
4901:Carumonam
4896:Tigemonam
4891:Aztreonam
4869:Cefovecin
4859:Ceftiofur
4790:Cefpirome
4761:Latamoxef
4752:Oxacephem
4722:Cefetamet
4677:Cefcapene
4601:Cefotetan
4596:Cefoxitin
4587:Cefuzonam
4577:Cefonicid
4557:Cefprozil
4529:Cefalotin
4504:Ceftezole
4494:Cefradine
4479:Cefapirin
4469:Cefalexin
4464:Cefazolin
4424:Ritipenem
4419:Faropenem
4412:Panipenem
4401:Meropenem
4391:Doripenem
4382:Ertapenem
4263:Epicillin
4184:Nafcillin
4179:Oxacillin
4027:β-lactams
4006:cell wall
3954:Phase III
3942:Withdrawn
3879:Delamanid
3856:Isoxazole
3828:Phenazine
3773:Isoniazid
3658:Sutezolid
3653:Linezolid
3630:Kanamycin
3538:Sulfoxone
3491:Rifalazil
3481:Rifabutin
3469:inhibitor
3395:Isoniazid
3248:22 August
2628:215809029
1973:cite book
1965:228373703
1617:"History"
1373:Drugs.com
1337:hydrazone
1244:half-life
1203:, but is
1133:Valproate
854:M. xenopi
811:), is an
801:Isoniazid
395:Excretion
384:half-life
173:Routes of
147:Pregnancy
136:Isoniazid
95:Monograph
89:Drugs.com
37:Isoniazid
7566:Prodrugs
7510:Medicine
7293:Benmoxin
7184:See also
6847:Riluzole
6827:Muscimol
6817:Guvacine
6504:Catechin
6378:AGN-2979
6183:Dopamine
6157:SKF-7698
6087:Dopastin
6063:Dopamine
6037:Oudenone
5990:Tyrosine
5954:Tyrosine
5914:dopamine
5856:Nicotine
5723:Esuprone
5549:Benmoxin
5514:Dopamine
5383:Tyramine
5341:Dopamine
5189:lysozyme
5135:Inhibit
4780:Cefepime
4756:Flomoxef
4742:Cefteram
4717:Cefotiam
4672:Cefdinir
4645:Cefixime
4606:Cefminox
4552:Cefaclor
4417:Penems (
4407:Biapenem
4396:Imipenem
4205:spectrum
4203:Extended
4085:spectrum
4055:-alanine
4051:-alanyl-
4010:envelope
3840:Pyrazine
3625:Amikacin
3523:Diucifon
3319:(E-Book)
3299:32166015
3242:Archived
3220:13345683
3073:19686043
3032:19039139
2975:15273113
2926:19139099
2812:22218366
2620:32302606
2585:28637999
2542:31383347
2534:11862134
2493:73122253
2396:25 March
2387:Archived
2362:Archived
2333:25 March
2327:Archived
2277:36384722
2269:17021358
2234:16788441
2196:10479433
2188:11444726
2145:Archived
2141:DailyMed
2116:22744719
2077:13764717
2028:11182006
1919:Archived
1870:27865891
1817:. 2019.
1781:(2019).
1751:18321627
1668:30166423
1660:12446978
1603:43789954
1595:19345815
1560:32166015
1465:Archived
1436:17 April
1003:M. avium
999:M. avium
991:M. avium
967:Rifampin
842:M. avium
791:(verify)
591:ChEMBL64
475:DrugBank
195:ATC code
180:By mouth
149:category
131:DailyMed
7283:Adjudin
6918:Glycine
6807:EF-1502
6599:Tacrine
5831:Ethanol
5732:harmine
5730:(e.g.,
4435:Cephems
3708:Alanine
3513:Dapsone
3364:9490997
3290:7052475
3238:fda.gov
3133:8056994
3023:2723733
3002:Bibcode
2994:Science
2917:2652337
2875:3817069
2848:8173779
2804:2065702
2766:8357281
2731:2036861
2690:2218067
2663:2240884
2577:8439690
2485:9762376
2447:9797751
2438:1745276
2383:who.int
2323:cdc.gov
2092:Levin A
2069:9570407
2019:1758783
1551:7052475
1248:bimodal
1145:prodrug
1018:in its
987:complex
883:Arizona
865:History
713:137.142
678:Formula
484:DB00951
450:PubChem
439:54-85-3
345:Rx-only
342:WARNING
327::
295: (
293:J04AM08
285: (
283:J04AM07
275: (
273:J04AM06
265: (
263:J04AM05
255: (
253:J04AM04
245: (
243:J04AM03
235: (
233:J04AM02
225: (
223:J04AM01
215: (
213:J04AC51
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205: (
203:J04AC01
162: A
133::
109:a682401
7496:Portal
7268:4-PTSC
7021:GABA-T
6957:Enzyme
6842:NO-711
6792:CI-966
5740:harman
5536:5-HIAA
5232:WHO-EM
4939:Clavam
4373:Penems
4083:Narrow
4073:Penams
3937:WHO-EM
3528:Promin
3362:
3325:
3297:
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3218:
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2417:Thorax
2298:
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2232:
2194:
2186:
2114:
2075:
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2026:
2016:
1998:Thorax
1963:
1953:
1868:
1831:
1749:
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1666:
1658:
1601:
1593:
1575:Lancet
1558:
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1507:
1408:22 Oct
1330:ketone
1050:, and
879:Navajo
851:, and
746:SMILES
611:007657
582:ChEMBL
551:C07054
544:D00346
339:
329:℞-only
129:
7152:Other
6878:VIAAT
6399:AANAT
6368:5-HTP
6223:MOPEG
6219:DOPEG
6192:DOPAC
5518:DOPAC
5346:5-HTP
5179:Other
5151:DADAL
5108:Other
4924:Penam
4334:Other
3758:layer
3746:SQ109
3724:layer
3701:layer
2808:S2CID
2709:Chest
2624:S2CID
2581:S2CID
2538:S2CID
2489:S2CID
2390:(PDF)
2379:(PDF)
2273:S2CID
2192:S2CID
2073:S2CID
1727:(PDF)
1664:S2CID
1599:S2CID
766:InChI
722:JSmol
562:ChEBI
7483:UDMH
7473:SDMH
7328:DNPH
7203:GABA
7051:AOAA
7041:DABA
6987:AAOA
6913:GABA
6862:TACA
6797:DABA
6739:and
6730:GABA
6540:HNMT
6429:ASMT
6228:DOMA
6168:COMT
6118:PNMT
5505:MHPG
5496:DHMA
5483:MHPG
5474:DHMA
5452:ALDH
5412:DFMD
5319:AAAD
4043:PBPs
4018:J01D
4014:J01C
4008:and
3438:and
3360:PMID
3323:ISBN
3295:PMID
3250:2016
3216:PMID
3179:ISBN
3152:ISBN
3129:PMID
3092:ISBN
3069:PMID
3028:PMID
2971:PMID
2922:PMID
2871:PMID
2844:PMID
2800:PMID
2762:PMID
2727:PMID
2686:PMID
2659:PMID
2616:PMID
2573:PMID
2530:PMID
2481:PMID
2443:PMID
2398:2016
2335:2016
2296:ISBN
2265:PMID
2230:PMID
2184:PMID
2153:2020
2112:PMID
2065:PMID
2024:PMID
1979:link
1961:OCLC
1951:ISBN
1927:2016
1866:PMID
1829:ISBN
1747:PMID
1703:ISBN
1656:PMID
1591:PMID
1556:PMID
1505:ISBN
1473:2016
1438:2024
1410:2023
1381:2020
1347:Dogs
1276:and
1159:NADH
1095:and
1093:GABA
877:, a
535:KEGG
515:UNII
504:3635
464:3767
356:data
85:AHFS
7413:PEH
7398:MMH
7343:HBT
7278:ADH
7084:PEH
7056:EOS
6967:GAD
6762:GAT
6610:DAO
6472:HDC
6349:TPH
6232:VMA
6048:DBH
5935:PAH
5527:HVA
5509:VMA
5487:VMA
5461:ALR
5433:MAO
5141:NAM
3547:ASA
3505:DSI
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3285:PMC
3277:doi
3208:doi
3121:doi
3059:doi
3055:200
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2902:doi
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2836:doi
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2647:113
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2253:174
2222:doi
2176:doi
2104:doi
2100:186
2055:doi
2014:PMC
2006:doi
1858:doi
1819:hdl
1791:hdl
1739:doi
1695:doi
1648:doi
1583:doi
1579:373
1546:PMC
1538:doi
1495:hdl
1403:FDA
1324:in
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952:old
831:or
809:INH
627:EPA
454:CID
298:WHO
288:WHO
278:WHO
268:WHO
258:WHO
248:WHO
238:WHO
228:WHO
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