Italian Brazilians

521: 1848: 1090:

In consequence, there are no official figures about the size of the Italian population in Brazil during the mass immigration period (1880–1900). There are estimates available, and the most reliable was done by Giorgio Mortara even though his figures may have underestimated the real size of the Italian population. On the other hand, Angelo Trento believes that the Italian estimates are "certainly exaggerated" and "lacking of any foundation" since they found a figure of 1,837,887 Italians in Brazil for 1927. Another evaluation conducted by Bruno Zuculin found 997,887 Italians in Brazil in 1927. All of those figures include only people born in Italy, not their Brazilian-born descendants.

2433: 83: 576: 405: 3584: 1519: 435:. To exercise the rights and obligations of citizenship, individual must have all documents registered in Italy, which normally involves the local consulate or embassy. Some limitations are applied to the process of recognition such as the renouncement of the Italian citizenship by the individual or the parent (if before the child's birth), a second limitation is that women transferred citizenship to their children only after 1948. After a constitutional reform in Italy, Italian citizens abroad may elect representatives to the 3284: 1355: 1243: 2057: 2661: 1232: 1373:). At first, the government was responsible for bringing the immigrants (in most cases, paying for their transportation by ship), but later, the farmers were responsible for making contracts with immigrants or specialized companies in recruiting Italian workers. Many posters were spread in Italy, with pictures of Brazil, selling the idea that everybody could become rich there by working with coffee, which was called by the Italian immigrants the 557: 1435: 3177: 1343: 3421: 1784: 73: 8146: 6382: 1753: 66: 8158: 513: 5826: 1115: 5900: 1901:

Italians in the country, which occurred mostly after the Great Naturalization period. Italian institutions encouraged the entry of Italians in Brazilian politics, but the presence of immigrants was initially small. Italian dialects came to dominate the streets of São Paulo and in some Southern localities. Over time, languages based on Italian dialects tended to disappear, and their presence is now small.

341: 3478: 1811:

replaced by other immigrants. That forced them to accept the impositions of landowners, or they would have to leave their lands. Even though Italians were considered to be "superior" to blacks by Brazilian landowners, the situation faced by Italians in Brazil was so similar to that of the slaves that farmers called them

1297:. After initially settling in the government-promoted colonies, many Italian immigrants spread into other areas of Rio Grande do Sul, seeking better opportunities, and created many other Italian colonies on their own, mainly in highlands, because the lowlands were already populated by German immigrants and native 2680:; however, they were not distributed homogeneously among the extensive Brazilian regions. In the State of São Paulo, the Italian community was more diverse including a large number of people from the South and the Center of Italy. Even today, 42% of the Italians in Brazil came from Northern Italy, 36% from 672:) came to Brazil as part of a state visit to various South American countries. That was part of the political plan of the new fascist government to link Italian people living outside of Italy with their mother country and the interests of the regime. The visit was disrupted considerably by the ongoing 869:

On the other hand, in 1998, the IBGE, within its preparation for the 2000 Census, experimentally introduced a question about "origem" (ancestry) in its "Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego" (Monthly Employment Survey) to test the viability of introducing that variable in the census (the IBGE ended by deciding

3562:

such as Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay; these countries being recipients of a considerable Italian immigration between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. There is a ritual that accompanies lunch with gnocchi, namely putting money under the plate which symbolizes

1871:

A common presence on the streets of São Paulo were the Italian boys working as newspaper boys, as an Italian traveler observed: "In the crowd, we can see many Italian boys, shabby and barefoot, selling the newspapers from the city and from Rio de Janeiro, bothering the passersby with their offerings

1855:

Despite the high numbers of immigrants leaving the country, most Italians remained in Brazil. Most of the immigrants remained only one year working on coffee farms and then left the plantations. A few earned enough money to buy their own lands and became farmers themselves. However, most migrated to

1396:

Rio de Janeiro was declining in the 19th century as a farming producer, and São Paulo had already taken the lead as a coffee producer/exporter in the early 20th century, as well as big producer of sugar and other important crops. Thus, migrants were naturally more attracted to the State of São Paulo

495:

During the last quarter of the 19th century, the newly united Italy suffered an economic crisis. The more industrial northern half of Italy was plagued with high unemployment caused in part by the introduction of modern agricultural techniques, while southern Italy remained underdeveloped and almost

3574:

who, after converting to Christianity, made a pilgrimage through northern Italy. There Pantaleon practiced miraculous cures for which he was canonized. According to legend, on one occasion when he asked Venetian peasants for bread, they invited him to share their poor table. In gratitude, Pantaleon

1896:

In São Paulo, where more Italians settled, in the 1940 census 28,910 Italian-born people reported to speak Italian at home (only 13.6% of the state's Italian population). In comparison, 49.1% of the immigrants of other nationalities reported to keep speaking their native languages at home (with the

1089:

The 1920 census was the first one to show a more specific figure about the size of the Italian population in Brazil (558,405). However, since the 20th century, the arrival of new Italian immigrants to Brazil has been in steady decline. The previous censuses of 1890 and 1900 had limited information.

540:

discussed the lack of labor and proposed to the government the stimulation of European immigration to Brazil. Immigrants from Italy, Portugal, and Spain were considered the best ones because they were Latin-based and mainly Catholic. In particular, Italian immigrants settled mainly in the São Paulo

532:

In 1850, under British pressure, Brazil finally passed a law that effectively banned transatlantic slave trade. The increased pressure of the abolitionist movement, on the other hand, made it clear that the days of slavery in Brazil were coming to an end. Slave trade was effectively suppressed, but

496:

untouched by agrarian modernization programs. Even in the North, industrialization was still in its initial stages and illiteracy remained common. Thus, poverty and lack of jobs and income stimulated Northern (and Southern) Italians to emigrate. Most Italian immigrants were very poor rural workers (

302:

does not ask the ancestry of the Brazilian people. In 1940, the last census to ask ancestry, 1,260,931 Brazilians were said to be the child of an Italian father, and 1,069,862 said to be the child of an Italian mother. Italians were 285,000 and naturalized Brazilians 40,000. Therefore, Italians and

1892:

According to the 1940 census in Rio Grande do Sul, 393,934 people reported to speak German as their first language (11.86% of the state's population). In comparison, 295,995 reported to speak Italian, mostly dialects (8.91% of the state's population). Even though Italian immigration was larger and

1875:

Despite the poverty and even semi-slavery conditions faced by many Italians in Brazil, most of the population achieved some personal success and changed their lower-class situation. Even though most of the first generation of immigrants still lived in poverty, their children, born in Brazil, often

1806:

The remnants of slavery influenced on how Brazilian landowners dealt with Italian workers: immigrants were often monitored, with extensive hours of work. In some cases, they were obliged to buy products that they needed from the landowner. Moreover, the coffee farms were located in rather isolated

475:

Italy did not become a unified national state until 1861. Before then, Italy was politically divided into several kingdoms, duchies, and other small states. The legacy of political fragmentation influenced deeply the character of the Italian migrant: "Before 1914, the typical Italian migrant was a

1822:

The destitution faced by Italians and other immigrants in Brazil caused great commotion in the Italian press, which culminated in the Prinetti Decree in 1902. Many immigrants left Brazil after their experience on São Paulo's coffee farms. Between 1882 and 1914, 1.5 million immigrants of different

356:

descent. All figures relate to Brazilians of any Italian descent, not necessarily linked to Italian culture in any significant way. According to García, the number of Brazilians with actual links to Italian identity and culture would be around 3.5 to 4.5 million people. Scholar Luigi Favero, in a

701:

The Brazilian census of 1940 asked Brazilians where their fathers came from. It revealed that at that time there were 3,275,732 Brazilians who were born to an immigrant father. Of those, 1,260,931 Brazilians were born to an Italian father. Italian was the main reported paternal immigrant origin,

3488:

Italians brought new recipes and types of food to Brazil and also helped in the development of the cuisine of Brazil. Italian staple dishes like pizza and pasta are very common and popular in Brazil. Pasta is extremely common, either simple unadorned pasta with butter or oil or accompanied by a

1884:

Except for some isolated cases of violence between Brazilians and Italians, especially between 1892 and 1896, integration in Brazil was quick and peaceful. For Italians in São Paulo, scholars suggest that assimilation occurred within two generations. Research suggests that even first-generation

1827:

were used in Brazil. It is estimated that, between 1890 and 1904, 223,031 (14,869 annually) Italians left Brazil, mainly after failed experiences on coffee farms. Most of the Italians who left the country were unable to add the money they wanted. Most returned to Italy, but others remigrated to

1900:

A major measure of the government occurred in 1889, when Brazilian citizenship was granted to all immigrants, but the act had little influence on their identity or assimilation process. Both the Italian newspapers in Brazil and the Italian government were uncomfortable with the assimilation of

705:

The census also revealed that the 458,281 foreign mothers of 12 or more years who lived in Brazil had 2,852,427 children, of whom 2,657,974 were born alive. Italian women had more children than any other female immigrant community in Brazil: 1,069,862 Brazilians were born to an Italian mother,

1810:

The structure of labor used on farms included the labor of Italian women and children. Keeping their Italian culture was also made more difficult: the Catholic churches and Italian cultural centers were far from farms. The immigrants who did not accept the standards imposed by landowners were

608:

Many Italians were naturalized Brazilian at the end of the 19th century, when the 'Great Naturalization' automatically granted citizenship to all the immigrants residing in Brazil prior to 15 November 1889 "unless they declared a desire to keep their original nationality within six months."

1904:

At first, especially in rural Southern Brazil, Italians tended to marry only other Italians. Over time and with the decrease of more immigrants arriving, in Southern Brazil they started to integrate themselves with Brazilians. About Italians in Santa Catarina, the Italian consul asserted:

1320:

and keep their culture and traditions. With time, however, they would become thoroughly integrated economically and culturally into the larger society. In any case, Italian immigration to southern Brazil was very important to the economic development and the culture of the region.

1672:

were two of the main coffee plantation centers. Both were respectively in the North-Central and Northeastern regions of São Paulo state, a zone known by its hot temperature and a fertile soil in which some of the richest coffee farms were and attracted most immigrants arriving in

5021:"IBGE - Séries Estatísticas & Séries Históricas - atividade industrial - indústrias extrativa e de transformação - séries históricas e encerradas - inquéritos e Censos industriais - Estabelecimentos industriais nas datas dos Inquéritos Industriais e do Censo 1920 - 1907-1920" 1779:

and other theories were used to explain that the European workers were superior to the native workers. In consequence, passages were offered to Europeans (the so-called "subsidized immigration"), mostly to Italians, so that they could come to Brazil and work on the plantations.

3162:

The Italian is more heard in São Paulo than in Turin, Milan or Naples, because while between us the dialects are spoken, in São Paulo all dialects merge under the Venetians' and Toscans' influx, who are the majority, and the natives adopted the Italian as an official language.

3201:

have influenced the Portuguese spoken in some areas of Brazil. Italian was so widespread in São Paulo that the Portuguese traveler Sousa Pinto said that he could not speak with cart drivers in Portuguese because they all spoke Italian dialects and gesticulated as Neapolitans.

3464:

Just like Polignano a Mare, Brás eventually had a church devoted to St. Vito. An association was formed and hosted the first festival in June 1919. As São Paulo grew, so did the Italian community and St. Vito Festival. An estimated 140,000 people were expected to attend the

2736:

From the early 20th century, the agrarian crisis started to affect Southern Italy as well, and many people immigrated to Brazil, mostly to the state of São Paulo, since it needed workers to embrace the coffee plantations. The Italian immigrants in São Paulo came from mostly

465: 2691:

In the first decades, the vast majority of the immigrants came from the North. Since Southern Brazil received most of the early settlers, the vast majority of its immigrants came from the extreme North of Italy, mainly from Veneto and particularly from the provinces of

3456:

is also a time when the Italian community in São Paulo gathers to party and eat traditional food. Other important Italian celebrations in São Paulo are Our Lady of Casaluce, also in Brás (in May), Our Lady of Achiropita, in Bela Vista (August), and St. Gennaro, in

3205:

The Italian influence on Portuguese spoken in São Paulo is no longer as great as before, but the accent of the city's inhabitants still has some traces of the Italian accents common in the beginning of the 20th century like the intonation and such expressions as

1304:

Italians established many vineyards in the region. The wine produced in those areas of Italian colonization in southern Brazil is much appreciated within the country, but little is available for export. In 1875, the first Italian colonies were established in

115:(by ancestry, about 15% of the total Brazilian population) However, it is important to note that there are no official numbers of how many Brazilians have Italian ancestry, as the national census does not ask the ancestry of the Brazilian people since 1940. 533:

the slave system still endured for almost four decades. Thus, Brazilian landowners claimed that such migrants were or would soon become indispensable for Brazilian agriculture. They would soon win the argument, and mass migration would begin in earnest.

1839:

began arriving in greater numbers, but soon, Spain also started to create barriers for further immigration of Spaniards to coffee farms in Brazil. The continuing problem of lack of labor in the farms was, then, temporarily resolved with the arrival of

620:

issued in 1902 the Prinetti Decree forbidding subsidized immigration to Brazil. In consequence, the number of Italian immigrants in Brazil fell drastically in the beginning of the 20th century, but the wave of Italian immigration continued until 1920.

1974:. Bad conditions in rural areas made thousands of Italians move there. Most of them became laborers and participated actively in the industrialization of Brazil in the early 20th century. Others became investors, bankers and industrialists, such as 483:

government after the failure of Italian unification movements in 1848 and 1861. Although very small in numbers, the well-educated and revolutionary group of emigrants left a deep mark where they settled. In Brazil, the most famous Italian was then

706:

followed by 524,940 who were born to a Portuguese mother, 436,305 to a Spanish mother and 171,790 to a Japanese mother. The 6,809,772 Brazilian-born mothers of 12 or more years had 38,716,508 children, of whom 35,777,402 were born alive.

1893:

more recent than German immigration, the Italian group tended to be more easily assimilated due to the Latin cultural link. In the 1950 Census, the number of people in Rio Grande do Sul who reported to speak Italian dropped to 190,376.

5187: 2732:

also sent many immigrants to the South of Brazil. Of the immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, 54% came from the Veneto, 33% from Lombardy, 7% from Trentino, 4.5% from Friuli-Venezia Giulia and only 1.5% from other parts of Italy.

1331:

Imagine you travel eight thousand nautic miles, across the Mediterranean and the Atlantic and suddenly find yourself in Italy. That's São Paulo. It seems paradoxical, but it is a reality, because São Paulo is an Italian city.

1885:

immigrants born in Italy soon became assimilated in the new country. Even in Southern Brazil, where most of the Italians were living in isolated rural communities, with little contact with Brazilians, which kept the Italian

372:

Although they were victims of some prejudice in the first decades and in spite of the persecution during World War II, Brazilians of Italian descent managed to integrate and assimilate seamlessly into the Brazilian society.

1823:

nationalities came to São Paulo, and 695,000 left the state, or 45% of the total. The high numbers of Italians asking the Italian consulate a passage to leave Brazil was so significant that in 1907, most Italian funds for

1909:

The marriage between an Italian man and a Brazilian woman, between an Italian woman and a Brazilian man is very common, and it would be even more frequent if the majority of the Italians were not living segregated on the

3267:(born João Rubinato), the son of Italians immigrants. His songs translated the life of the Italian neighborhoods in São Paulo and merged São Paulo dialect with samba, which latter made him known as the "people's poet." 1914:

There is little information about this trend, but it was noticed a large process of integration since World War I. However, some more closed members of the Italian community saw this integration process as negative.

528:: 1907. Most migrants came to the State of São Paulo, and its main port, the entry gate of Brazil, was Santos. Thus, most migrants from Italy, regardless of their final destination in Brazil, entered through Santos. 870:

against the inclusion of questions about it in the Census). The research interviewed about 90,000 people in six metropolitan regions (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, and Recife).

1293:. The immigrants were predominantly from Veneto, in northern Italy. After five years, in 1880, the great numbers of Italian immigrants arriving caused the Brazilian government to create another Italian colony, 3222:. Other characteristic is the difficulty to speak Portuguese in plural, saying plural words as they were singulars. The lexical influence of Italian on Brazilian Portuguese, however, has remained quite small. 1133:

More recently, third- and fourth-generation Italians have migrated to other areas and so people of Italian descent can be found in Brazilian regions in which the immigrants had never settled, such as in the

3500:

Aside from the typical Italian cuisine like pizza, pasta, risotto, panettone, milanesa, polenta, calzone, and ossobuco, Italians helped to create new dishes that today are typically considered Brazilian.

1934:

After some years working in coffee plantations, some immigrants earned enough money to buy their own land and become farmers themselves. Others left the rural areas and moved to cities, mainly São Paulo,

8012: 376:

Many Brazilian politicians, artists, footballers, models, and personalities are or were of Italian descent. Italian-Brazilians have been state governors, representatives, mayors and ambassadors. Four

318:, while there were around 450,000 Italian citizens in Brazil. Brazilian culture has significant connections to Italian culture in terms of language, customs, and traditions. Brazil is also a strongly 488:(died 1830). However, the mass Italian immigration tide that would only be second to the Portuguese and German migrant movements in shaping modern Brazilian culture started only after the 1848-1871 4747:"Recenseamento do Brazil. Realizado em 1 de Setembro de 1920. População (5a parte, tomo 2). População do Brazil, por Estados e municipios, segundo o sexo, a nacionalidade, a idade e as profissões" 3452:

region of Southern Italy. Italian immigrants from Apulia moved in great numbers to the Brás neighborhood of São Paulo in the late 19th century, bringing with them a devotion to Saint Vito. The

1771:

The end of slavery made most former slaves left the plantations and so there was a labour shortage on coffee plantations. Moreover, "natural inequality of human beings", "hierarchy of races",

4944: 4800:"Recenseamento do Brazil. Realizado em 1 de Setembro de 1920. População (1a parte). População do Brazil por Estados, municipios e districtos, segundo o sexo, o estado civil e a nacionalidade" 1927:

Historically, Italians have been divided into two groups in Brazil. Those in Southern Brazil lived in rural colonies in contact with mostly other people of Italian descent. However, those in

5020: 1897:

exception of Portuguese). Thus, the prohibition of speaking Italian, German, and Japanese during World War II was not so serious to the Italian community as it was to the other two groups.

1803:) and so workers had almost no legal protection. Contracts signed by the immigrants could easily be violated by the Brazilian landowners who were accustomed to dealing with African slaves. 1126:

Internal migration made many second- and third-generation Italians move to other areas. In the early 20th century, many rural Italian workers from Rio Grande do Sul migrated to the west of

4031: 3889: 5144:"Pelos Cantos da Cidade: Música Popular em São Paulo na Passagem do Século XIX ao XX. Fênix – Revista de História e Estudos Culturais; January-February-March 2006; Vol. 3; Ano III; nº 1" 3702:

In 2019, 11,663 people with Italian nationality emigrated from Italy to Brazil according to the Italian World Report 2019, totaling 447,067 Italian citizens living in Brazil until 2019.

8019: 3575:

announced a year of excellent fishing and excellent harvests. That episode occurred on 29 July, and for this reason that day is remembered with a simple meal represented by gnocchi.

424:. However, that changed in 1994 by a new constitutional amendment. After the changes, over half a million Italian-Brazilians have requested recognition of their Italian citizenship. 7998: 4170: 1768:

in Italy, banning subsidized immigration to Brazil. The Prinetti Decree was issued because of the commotion in the Italian press about the poverty faced by most Italians in Brazil.

612:

During the end of the 19th century, denouncement of bad conditions in Brazil increased in the press. Reacting to the public clamor and many proved cases of mistreatment of Italian

5290:[The Nationalization of Education in the Contested, Center-West of Santa Catarina in the First Half of the 20th Century] (in Portuguese). revistas.udesc.br. pp. 85–86 8005: 1419:

In Southern Brazil, the Italian immigrants were living in relatively well-developed colonies, but in Southeastern Brazil they were living in semislavery conditions in the coffee

3225:

A similar phenomenon occurred in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul but encompassing almost exclusively those of Italian origin. On the other hand, is a different phenomenon:

4817: 4764: 4196: 3253:

The Italian influence in Brazil affects also music with traditional Italian songs and the merging with other Brazilians music styles. One of the main results of the fusion is

1959:, street signs in Italian were common, a large commercial and services sector owned by Italian Brazilians developed, and more than 60% of the population had Italian surnames. 451:

and other countries in South America. According to Italian Senator Edoardo Pollastri, over half-a-million Brazilians are waiting to have their Italian citizenship recognized.

8031: 2018: 7828: 365:

were between the first to settle in colonial Brazil since the first half of the 16th century, and so, because of the many descendants of Italians who emigrated there from

5209: 6370: 4799: 605:

The first groups of Italians arrived in 1875, but the boom of Italian immigration in Brazil happened between 1880 and 1900, when almost one million Italians arrived.

8039: 6731: 1860:

were Italians). In Rio de Janeiro, many the factory workers were Italians. In São Paulo, those workers established themselves in the center of the city, living in

3690: 256:, or more recent Italian-born people who've settled in Brazil. Italian Brazilians are the largest number of people with full or partial Italian ancestry outside 1412:

plantation for a minimum period of time. However, the situation was not easy. Many Brazilian farmers were used to command slaves and treated the immigrants as

1107:. In consequence, São Paulo has more people with Italian ancestry than any region of Italy itself. The rest went mostly to the states of Rio Grande do Sul and 1876:

changed their social status as they diversified their field of work, leaving the poor conditions of their parents and often becoming part of the local elite.

314:

in Brazil, in 2013, reported the number of 32 million descendants of Italian immigrants in Brazil (about 15% of the population), half of them in the state of

5095: 4596: 4746: 4381: 3910: 3983: 7366: 5442: 1868:, which is until today linked to its Italian past. Other Italians became traders, mostly itinerant traders, selling their products in different regions. 5143: 5042: 4282:

DEL BOCA, Daniela; VENTURINI, Alessandra. Italian Migration. Working paper in CHILD Centre for Household, Income, Labor and Demographic Economics. 2001

5424: 476:

man without a clear national identity but with strong attachments to his town or village or region of birth, to which half of all migrants returned."

1889:

family structure, and therefore the father chose the wife or husband for their children, giving preference to Italians, assimilation was also quick.

1760:

In 1902, the Italian immigration to Brazil started to decline. From 1903 to 1920, only 306,652 Italians immigrated to Brazil, compared to 953,453 to

4519: 3276:, which that has a Brazilian rhythm and theme but (mostly) Italian lyrics. Below, the lyrics of this song have the parts in (mangled) Portuguese in 3863: 4250:

Generations. Family Tree plus v.8,5. Software to design genealogical trees. Additional information of groups of immigrants that settled in the US.

4631: 877: 640:. About 30% emigrated from Veneto. On the other hand, in the 20th century, southern Italians predominated in Brazil, coming from the regions of 264:

being the most populous city with Italian ancestry in the world. Nowadays, it is possible to find millions of descendants of Italians, from the

6363: 4173:[Pollastri confirms that the Italian Parliament is considering restrictions on citizenship by right of blood in the third generation]. 5939: 1947:. A very few became very rich in the process and attracted more Italian immigrants. In the early 20th century, São Paulo became known as the 8178: 6688: 4852: 4821: 4768: 3951: 1919:

were often treated as wild people, and conflicts between Italians and Indians for the occupation of lands in Southern Brazil were common.

688:, where members of the Italian colony in the city were very happy and proud about his visit, thus achieving some of the visit's purposes. 7813: 6348: 3563:

the desire for new gifts. It is also customary to leave a banknote or coin under the plate to attract luck and prosperity to the dinner.

520: 6696: 5814: 4870: 4577: 4545: 4265: 3786: 1369:

Some of the immigrants settled in the colonies in Southern Brazil. However, most of them settled in Southeastern Brazil (mainly in the

6356: 6026: 4983: 5377: 5116: 4352: 4204: 6912: 6721: 6711: 6701: 2758: 1864:(degraded multifamily row houses). The agglomerations of Italians in cities gave birth to typically Italian neighborhoods, such as 6854: 5076: 1847: 7322: 7090: 6759: 5482: 4284: 7517: 7472: 6881: 6779: 6706: 6323: 6031: 5217: 3444:

festivals in São Paulo and celebrates Saint Vito, a Christian martyr who was killed in June 303 AD who is the patron saint of

7838: 7116: 6769: 6716: 5934: 4336: 4235: 3938: 5786: 5640: 5464: 3142: 1423:. Many rebellions against Brazilian farmers occurred, and public denouncements caused great commotion in Italy, forcing the 1290: 7507: 7396: 6764: 6084: 6933: 5596: 5268: 2688:. Brazil is the only American country with a large Italian community in which Southern Italian immigrants are a minority. 2444: 8183: 7615: 6774: 6236: 6167: 5792: 4013: 3766: 1316:

In the colonies of southern Brazil, Italian immigrants at first stuck to themselves, where they could speak their native

4049: 6876: 6204: 1978:, whose family became the richest industrialists in São Paulo byholding of more than 200 industries and businesses. In 6864: 4171:"Pollastri confirma que o Parlamento italiano estuda restrições à cidadania por direito de sangue na terceira geração" 6902: 5768: 5740: 5726: 5712: 5698: 3930: 7699: 7457: 5662: 3819: 2762: 4604: 3458: 2034: 2006: 1865: 1534: 392:(third of the series of generals who presided over Brazil during the military regime, also of Basque descent) and 7391: 6580: 3684: 1955:

had the second-highest population of people with Italian ancestry in the world at this time, after only Rome. In

594:

The Brazilian government, with or following the Emperor's support, had created the first colonies of immigrants (

2885: 7866: 7450: 7277: 7009: 6849: 6558: 6274: 6221: 6105: 5807: 3991: 7979: 5450: 3245:, even among the monolingual Portuguese-speaking population, the Italian-influenced accent is fairly typical. 1835:

The output of immigrants concerned Brazilian landowners, who constantly complained about the lack of workers.

8066: 8061: 7974: 7656: 7351: 6986: 6575: 5996: 5162: 4922: 4736:

Relatório Apresentado pela Comissão de Estatística ao Exmo. Presidente da Província de São Paulo, 1888, p. 24

3751: 3543:(panettone with chocolate chips) and many other recipes were created or influenced by the Italian community. 2060: 2046: 1836: 389: 5501:"¿Por qué los argentinos comen ñoquis el 29 de cada mes y qué tiene que ver eso con los empleados públicos?" 5098:[History of Immigration in Brazil: Italians] (in Portuguese). Dias Marques Advocacia. Archived from 5077:"IBGE - Brasil: 500 anos de povoamento - território brasileiro e povoamento - italianos - regiões de origem" 5050: 357:

book on Italian emigration between 1876 and 1976, pinpointed that Italians were present in Brasil since the

7926: 7714: 7563: 7356: 6907: 6415: 6386: 6297: 6100: 2064: 1962:

Italian immigrants were very important to the development of many big cities in Brazil, such as São Paulo,

1916: 6378: 5288:"A Nacionalização do Ensino no Contestado, Centro-Oeste de Santa Catarina na Primeira Metade do Século XX" 3527:(a sandwich made of mortadella sausage, Provolone cheese, sourdough bread, mayonnaise and Dijon mustard), 7803: 7610: 7583: 7573: 7558: 7477: 7315: 5038: 4523: 1139: 587: 436: 388:(elected vice-president under Fernando Collor, whom he eventually replaced as the latter was impeached), 288: 6634: 4114: 3867: 3796: 8136: 7921: 7751: 7666: 7651: 5618: 5287: 4097: 3791: 3711: 7167: 5119:[Italians: A major portion came from Veneto] (in Portuguese). riogrande.com.br. Archived from 4628: 3550:("gnocchi of 29") defines the widespread custom in some South American countries of eating a plate of 2030: 7992: 7946: 7936: 7676: 7600: 7487: 7467: 7386: 5864: 5800: 3566:

The tradition of serving gnocchi on the 29th of each month stems from a legend based on the story of

1986: 1975: 702:

followed by Portuguese with 735,929 children, Spanish with 340,479 and German with 159,809 children.

408:"To the Province of S. Paulo, in Brazil. Immigrants: read these hints before leaving. S. Paulo, 1886" 5574: 1309:, which lies immediately to the north of Rio Grande do Sul. The colonies gave rise to towns such as 7737: 7497: 7433: 7376: 7229: 6886: 6754: 5001: 2754: 1928: 1281:

The first colonies to be populated by Italians were created in the highlands of Rio Grande do Sul (

381: 369:' times until 1860, the number of Brazilians with Italian roots should be increased to 35 million. 348:

family arrived in Brazil in 1560. Today this is the largest family in Brazil by a common ancestor.

265: 129: 5099: 8044: 7823: 7131: 6959: 6917: 6678: 2038: 1390: 125: 6617: 3958: 2432: 7833: 7783: 7661: 7605: 7568: 7548: 7543: 7308: 7257: 6981: 6281: 5879: 5425:"G1 - Sotaque da Mooca pode virar patrimônio histórico imaterial de SP - notícias em São Paulo" 4968: 3425: 2050: 1515:

In 1901, 90% of industrial workers and 80% of construction workers in São Paulo were Italians.

1306: 1127: 393: 7121: 5251: 4923:"L'operosità italiana all'estero. Le industrie riunite F. Matarazzo, in San Paulo del Brasile" 4700: 4665: 4648: 4475: 4126: 3848:

Enciclopédia de Línguas do Brasil - Línguas de Imigração Européia - Talian (Vêneto Brasileiro)

7871: 7798: 7646: 7578: 7445: 7272: 7267: 7172: 7126: 6969: 6789: 6016: 5500: 4945:"multiplycontent.com - This website is for sale! - multiplycontent Resources and Information" 4717: 4498: 4329:

Italic Identity in Pluralistic Contexts: Toward the Development of Intercultural Competencies

4324: 4098:"Migração - Cidadania Italiana - Dupla Cidadania - Encontro analisa imigração italiana em MG" 3781: 2875: 2729: 1931:, the most populated region of the country, integrated into Brazilian society quite quickly. 1807:

regions. If the immigrants became sick, they would take hours to reach the nearest hospital.

1428: 172: 5548: 5486: 4900: 4878: 4603:(in Italian). consultanazionaleemigrazione.it. October 2003. pp. 11, 19. Archived from 4552: 4262: 4219: 3923:

A game of mirrors: the changing face of ethno-racial constructs and language in the Americas

1370: 1104: 575: 82: 7956: 7901: 7773: 7768: 7423: 7147: 7100: 7064: 6784: 6739: 6668: 6663: 6655: 6420: 5956: 5859: 5354: 5310: 4079: 3771: 3599: 3188: 2014: 1263: 421: 380:

were of Italian descent (but none of the first three directly elected to such a position):

366: 276: 143: 5822: 5406: 1674: 1378: 583: 404: 315: 284: 8: 7941: 7916: 7808: 7788: 7729: 7620: 7590: 7553: 7440: 7406: 7208: 7177: 7152: 7049: 6991: 6964: 6949: 6859: 6744: 6641: 6612: 6269: 6179: 6154: 6127: 6110: 6074: 6006: 6001: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5889: 5389: 5120: 4683:"IMIGRANTES ITALIANOS: Um portal de ajuda na pesquisa da origem dos ancestrais italianos" 3847: 3726: 3523: 3518: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 1816: 1408:, as a rural immigrant was called, had to sign a contract with the farmer to work in the 1251: 669: 377: 237: 188: 53: 4629:

COLLI, Antonello. Italiani in Brasile, 36 milioni di oriundi. L'Italia nel'Mondo Website

2448: 8056: 7984: 7966: 7931: 7881: 7763: 7709: 7681: 7531: 7512: 7284: 7204: 7198: 7182: 7095: 6844: 6749: 6646: 6246: 6132: 6120: 6043: 6036: 5966: 5914: 3721: 3198: 2750: 2709: 1841: 1741: 1424: 1413: 485: 479:

In the 19th century, many Italians fled the political persecutions in Italy led by the

198: 155: 6142: 3583: 3558:, on the 29th of each month. The custom is widespread especially in the states of the 1255: 8109: 8102: 7896: 7858: 7719: 7634: 7492: 7462: 7428: 7343: 7335: 7219: 7069: 7059: 6974: 6871: 6673: 6251: 6194: 6147: 6137: 6079: 6069: 6064: 6048: 6021: 6011: 5991: 5951: 5929: 5919: 5884: 5869: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5764: 5750: 5736: 5722: 5708: 5694: 5326: 5154: 4959: 4571: 4401: 4397: 4332: 4281: 4231: 4228:

Italian Workers of the World: Labor Migration and the Formation of Multiethnic States

3934: 3926: 3756: 3746: 3741: 3731: 3716: 3234: 1979: 1856:

Brazilian cities. Many Italians worked in factories (in 1901, 81% of the São Paulo's

1259: 1147: 569: 362: 280: 7704: 1985:

Italians and their descendants were also quick to organize themselves and establish

1944: 1800: 1669: 1518: 1386: 1271: 1267: 1119: 7891: 7886: 7793: 7686: 7671: 7371: 7289: 7224: 7214: 7157: 7074: 7054: 7024: 6818: 6803: 6473: 6438: 6187: 6162: 6115: 5986: 5946: 5830: 4301: 3776: 3761: 3736: 3445: 3264: 3238: 3192: 2746: 1772: 1317: 1286: 1143: 497: 335: 323: 268: 253: 229: 151: 39: 7843: 6302: 5018: 3283: 1951:, because 31% of its inhabitants were of Italian nationality in 1900. The city of 416:

is a Brazilian citizen by birthright. In addition, many born in Italy have become

8118: 8051: 7951: 7911: 7848: 7778: 7361: 7262: 6954: 6527: 6512: 6174: 5874: 5719:

Italianos no Brasil: contribuições na literatura e nas ciências, séculos XIX e XX

5468: 5234: 4635: 4288: 4269: 3922: 3567: 3484:, a Brazilian cheese developed by the Italian immigrant Mario Silvestrini in 1911 3441: 1765: 673: 480: 432: 420:

citizens after they settled in Brazil. The Brazilian government used to prohibit

5526: 3603: 3230: 3181: 1354: 1282: 1242: 7691: 7502: 6459: 6339: 6231: 6199: 5961: 5376:

Zink Bolognini, Carmen; de Oliveira, Ênio; Hashiguti, Simone (September 2005).

5212:[Italian Immigration in South America (Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil)] 4223: 3617: 3272: 3226: 2905: 2685: 2677: 2609: 1971: 1857: 677: 633: 561: 537: 525: 440: 417: 353: 147: 4017: 8172: 8150: 8123: 7876: 7595: 6226: 6214: 6209: 5330: 5158: 4057: 3559: 3168: 2681: 2665: 1294: 1236: 565: 428: 385: 303:

their children were, at most, just over 3.8% of Brazil's population in 1940.

177: 5388:(in Portuguese). Institute of Language Studies (IEL), Brazil. Archived from 4412:(in Portuguese) (55). Brazilian Centre for Analysis and Planning (CEBRAP): 3 2056: 1940: 1799:(the first concrete labour laws appeared only in the 1930s, under President 1665: 8162: 7418: 6623: 6318: 5754: 5256: 5239: 5210:"Immigrazione Italiana nell'America del Sud (Argentina, Uruguay e Brasile)" 4722: 4705: 4670: 4653: 4503: 4480: 3668: 3242: 3015: 2440: 1963: 1824: 1382: 1347: 1275: 1108: 544:

At the end of the 19th century, the Brazilian government was influenced by

489: 272: 8071: 3420: 2668:. The city was established by Italian immigrants, mostly farmers from the 1952: 1363: 681: 624:

Over half of the Italian immigrants came from northern Italian regions of

443:. Italian citizens residing in Brazil elect representatives together with 261: 88: 7906: 5325:(2). São Paulo: Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science: 42–46. 4682: 4115:

Immigrazione Italiana nell’America del Sud (Argentina, Uruguay e Brasile)

3429: 2660: 1998: 1886: 1796: 1795:(large-scale farms), formerly employing slaves. In Brazil, there were no 1524: 358: 322:

country as cuisine, fashion and lifestyle has been sharply influenced by

319: 6480: 1310: 352:

According to the Italian government, there are 31 million Brazilians of

7818: 7381: 6533: 6409: 2915: 2629: 1792: 1776: 1420: 777:

Women over 12 years old who had offspring in Brazil and their children,

653: 512: 345: 295: 217: 6425: 5269:"Full text of "Nell' America meridionale (Brasile-Uruguay-Argentina)"" 4476:

Do Outro Lado do Atlântico - Um Século de Imigração Italiana no Brasil

3864:"Personalidades da comunidade italiana recebem o troféu "Loba Romana"" 2067:. The club was founded by Italians immigrants in São Paulo in 1914 as 1861: 1533:. Lonis-Albert Gaffrée, a French priest in São Paulo (1911). Photo of 1231: 8076: 6629: 5235:

Do outro lado do Atlântico: um século de imigração italiana no Brasil

5045:[Ethnic and Social Origins of Entrepreneurship in São Paulo] 4499:

Do outro lado do Atlântico: um século de imigração italiana no Brasil

3613: 3571: 1761: 1523:

In the new neighborhoods follow up to infinite Italians houses, with

1250:

The main areas of Italian settlement in Brazil were the Southern and

613: 556: 444: 6499: 5663:"Rapporto Italiano Nel Mondo 2019 : Diaspora italiana in cifre" 4353:"Emigrazione italiana in Brasile per regione di origine (1876-1920)" 3820:"Rapporto Italiano Nel Mondo 2019 : Diaspora italiana in cifre" 3176: 1434: 1342: 7482: 6453: 3528: 3494: 3481: 3466: 3453: 3121: 3109: 3072: 3062: 3052: 3029:

Main group of Italians immigrants living in São Paulo State (1936)

3005: 2935: 2855: 2845: 2835: 2757:, leaving their homelands, which were lost to Italy and annexed to 2742: 2725: 2721: 2638: 2545: 2525: 2514: 2505: 2427: 2026: 1967: 1956: 1936: 1783: 1401: 1122:. By 1902, 52% percent of the city's population was born in Italy. 641: 629: 545: 469: 413: 249: 213: 7300: 5485:(in Portuguese). caras.uol.com.br. 13 January 2009. Archived from 5375: 4404:[Out of focus: diversity and ethnic identities in Brazil] 3667:

Early introduction of more advanced low-scale farming techniques (

8081: 6539: 6489: 6446: 4197:"Roteiro para a obtenção do reconhecimento da cidadania Italiana" 3551: 3191:

as their native language. During World War II, the public use of

3082: 2995: 2895: 2865: 2618: 2589: 2565: 2013:(for the whole city of São Paulo), magazines, radio stations and 1829: 1752: 1528: 1135: 645: 637: 448: 307: 193: 6431: 5899: 4325:"VI. Italian Citizenship, Nationality Law and Italic Identities" 3130: 1114: 712:

Brazilians who were born to a foreign-born father (1940 Census)

429:

an individual with an Italian parent is automatically recognized

7331: 6390: 3490: 3449: 3288: 3137: 3125: 3114: 3042: 2985: 2965: 2955: 2945: 2925: 2825: 2738: 2669: 2598: 2569: 2554: 2534: 2494: 2485: 1764:

and 3,581,322 to the United States. This was mainly due to the

1409: 657: 649: 625: 72: 5380:[Foreign Languages in Brazil: History and Narratives] 3291:. The feast in honor of the Lady happens in August since 1926. 3229:, which emerged mostly in the northeastern part of the state ( 598:) in the early 19th century. The colonies were established in 291:, have as much as 95% of their population of Italian descent. 6466: 3555: 2975: 2812:

Regional origins of Italian immigrants to Brazil (1870-1959)

2578: 1103:

Among all Italians who immigrated to Brazil, 70% went to the

685: 617: 599: 340: 311: 257: 245: 65: 4199:[Guideline for recognition of Italian citizenship]. 4080:"Notizie d'Italia - Cavalcanti é a maior família brasileira" 3241:

and Portuguese. In Southern Brazilian rural areas marked by

1427:

to issue the Prinetti Decree, which established barriers to

876:

Arrival of Italian immigrants to Brazil by periods (source:

551: 4701:

Fazer a América: a imigração em massa para a América Latina

4402:"Fora de foco: diversidade e identidades étnicas no Brasil" 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 3594: 3477: 3096:

Main groups of Italians in some neighborhoods in São Paulo

464: 299: 298:

have Italian ancestry, as the national census conducted by

5386:

Language and Literacy in Focus: Teaching Foreign Languages

5202: 3905: 3903: 602:

areas of the country, being settled by European families.

5780: 4666:

Estados autoritários e totalitários e suas representações

4470: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 3925:. Thomas M. Stephens. University Press of America, 2003. 5313:[Languages of Brazil - Languages of Immigrants] 5309:

Bolognini, Carmen Zink; Payer, Maria Onice (June 2005).

5019:

IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.

4454: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4367: 3866:. Revista digital "Oriundi". 7 June 2013. Archived from 3436:(New Milan). There are five other sanctuaries in Brazil. 5216:(in Italian). immigrazione-altoadige.ne. Archived from 3900: 3697: 3691:

Istituto Italo-Brasiliano Biculturale Fondazione Torino

1982:, 42% of the industrial companies have Italians roots. 1531:, decorations in stucco and colorful symbolic figurines 5378:"Línguas estrangeiras no Brasil: História e histórias" 4430:

IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística

668:

In 1924, Umberto, Prince of Piedmont (the future King

459: 8134: 4433: 4263:

IBGE. Brasil 500 anos - Italianos - Regiões de Origem

4211: 2119:

Owners of 204 largest industries in São Paulo (1962)

1093: 5445:[Adoniran Barbosa, the Poet of the People]. 1385:, and in a smaller proportion also in the States of 1337:

Pietro Belli, Italian journalist in São Paulo (1925)

384:(Senate president who served as interim president), 5568: 5566: 5349: 5347: 4732: 4730: 4141: 2745:. After the end of World War II, a small number of 2676:Most of the Italian immigrants to Brazil came from 5597:"Ñoquis del 29: origen de una tradición milenaria" 5043:"Origens Étnicas e Sociais do Empresário Paulista" 4842:Censo Demográfico 1940, pt. XVII, t. 1, SP, p. 102 4789:Censo Demográfico 1940, pt. XVII, t. 1, SP, p. 103 4392: 4390: 1851:Italian immigrants arriving in São Paulo (c. 1890) 1313:, and later also spread further north, to Paraná. 955:Estimated Italian population (by Giorgio Mortara) 541:region, where there were vast coffee plantations. 4522:(in Portuguese). radiobras.gov.br. Archived from 4316: 4218:Gabaccia, Donna R.; Ottanelli, Fraser M. (2001). 4217: 4164: 4162: 1747: 1246:A typically Venetian community in Southern Brazil 757:Syria- Lebanon- Palestine- Iraq - Middle-Eastern 663: 8170: 5783:, a site for descendants from Italians in Brazil 5563: 5344: 4727: 3432:. The city was founded by Italian immigrants as 3187:Most Brazilians with Italian ancestry now speak 2428:Characteristics of Italian immigration in Brazil 1744:, Italian descendants are 5% of the population. 1377:. Most coffee plantations were in the States of 676:, which made it impossible for Umberto to reach 329: 45: 4387: 4258: 4256: 3587:The Italian-Brazilian Benvenutti family in 1928 3440:St. Vito Festival is one of the most important 3150: 1787:Italian students in a rural school of São Paulo 507: 5308: 5151:Fênix: Revista de História e Estudos Culturais 4981: 4952:images.paulocel29.multiply.multiplycontent.com 4591: 4589: 4587: 4159: 2041:and the great clubs (which had the same name) 7316: 6364: 5808: 5747:Cent'anni di emigrazione italiana (1876–1976) 5096:"Histórico da Imigração no Brasil: Italianos" 4144:Cent'anni di emigrazione italiana (1876–1976) 3378:But pay attention to the sharks, do you hear 2037:(old worker quarter from city of São Paulo), 1677:, including Italians, between 1901 and 1940. 31: 5111: 5109: 4253: 2704:(24%). In Rio Grande do Sul, many came from 1993:), hospitals, schools (such as the Istituto 516:Italians getting into a ship to Brazil, 1910 5641:"Gli italianismi nel portoghese brasiliano" 5311:"Línguas do Brasil - Línguas de Imigrantes" 5037: 4584: 4396: 4230:. University of Illinois Press. p. 2. 3814: 3812: 3280:and the parts in Italian in a normal font: 1791:Those immigrants were employed in enormous 1083:.* Commissariato Generale dell'Emigrazione 7323: 7309: 6371: 6357: 5815: 5801: 4649:Italianos no Brasil: "andiamo in 'Merica-" 4622: 4513: 4511: 4006: 3787:List of Portuguese words of Italian origin 3539:(literally Calabrian and Tuscan sausage), 3257:, a samba with strong Italians influence. 2771:Italian immigration to Brazil (1870-1959) 2458:Italian immigration to Brazil (1876–1920) 1235:Wine production introduced by Italians in 294:There are no official numbers of how many 287:. Small southern Brazilian towns, such as 5117:"Italianos: A maior parte veio do Vêneto" 5106: 4520:"A capital paulista tem sotaque italiano" 4492: 4490: 4488: 4327:. In Piero Bassetti; Paolo Janni (eds.). 4168: 4156:Constitutional amendment ECR-000.003-1994 4108: 3680:Italian international schools in Brazil: 3385:It has rained for a long time here, Gigi 636:, and from the central Italian region of 552:Beginning of Italian settlement in Brazil 412:According to the Brazilian Constitution, 3843: 3841: 3839: 3809: 3582: 3476: 3419: 3287:The Church of Our Lady of Achiropita in 3282: 3175: 2659: 2431: 2055: 1846: 1782: 1751: 1735: 1517: 1433: 1353: 1341: 1241: 1230: 1113: 696: 574: 555: 519: 511: 463: 403: 339: 5180: 4988:pro-memoria-de-campinas-sp.blogspot.com 4508: 4322: 4201:Consulate General of Italy in Sao Paulo 3376:Go frolicking there, deep into the sea 3364:La tua Gioconda ha paura di quest'onda 1872:and their shouting of street roguish." 1756:Italians on Brazilian coffee plantation 8171: 6324:List of Italian-American neighborhoods 5135: 4576:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4485: 3858: 3856: 3195:, German, and Japanese was forbidden. 3171:, Italian traveler in São Paulo (1908) 1324: 1150:area, in the extreme North of Brazil. 1098: 524:A ship with Italian immigrants in the 16:Brazilians of Italian birth or descent 7304: 6352: 5796: 5285: 3984:"Italians - History of the Community" 3952:"Brazil - the Country and its People" 3836: 3408:Your Gioconda is afraid of this wave 2439:(1895) (Missing Naples). Painting by 5745:Favero, Luigi y Tassello, Graziano. 5693:. Editora Contexto. São Paulo, 2005 5252:Mérica, Mérica!: italianos no Brasil 5093: 4424: 3698:Current Italian emigration in Brazil 3671:, São Paulo and all Southern Brazil) 3415: 787:Number of females over 12 years old 244:) are Brazilians of full or partial 120:Regions with significant populations 8179:Brazilian people of Italian descent 7397:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present) 7330: 5787:Italianisms in Brazilian Portuguese 5493: 5443:"Adoniran Barbosa, o Poeta do Povo" 4517: 3957:. www.brazil.org.uk. Archived from 3853: 3767:Italian immigration in Minas Gerais 3578: 2148:Brazilian (more than 3 generations) 536:An Agriculture Congress in 1878 in 460:Italian crisis in late 19th century 252:who emigrated to Brazil during the 13: 5683: 5619:"How to Say Goodbye in Portuguese" 5572: 5141: 4142:Favero, Luigi; Graziano Tassello. 3531:cheese, new types of sausage like 2724:, close to Veneto. The regions of 2655: 1226: 1156:Farms owned by a foreigner (1920) 1130:and then farther north to Paraná. 1094:Main Italian settlements in Brazil 779:by country of birth (1940 Census) 717:Main place of birth of the father 427:According to Italian legislation, 14: 8195: 7392:Military dictatorship (1964–1985) 6340:Italian colonies or protectorates 5774: 5467:. catupiry.com.br. Archived from 4599:[The Italians in Brazil] 4302:"Emigrazione Italiana in Brasile" 4169:Desiderio, Peron (18 June 2007). 2445:Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo 1438:Italian-Brazilian farmers in 1918 684:. Nevertheless, he was hosted at 8156: 8144: 7377:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930) 6380: 5898: 5824: 5763:. Studio Nobel. São Paulo, 1988 5733:Storia dell'emigrazione italiana 5074: 4871:"Italians in Mato Grosso do Sul" 3393:Laughing, laughing and laughing 3294: 2763:Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 2069:Società Sportiva Palestra Italia 81: 71: 64: 5735:. Donzelli Editore. Roma, 2002 5655: 5633: 5611: 5589: 5541: 5519: 5475: 5457: 5449:(in Portuguese). Archived from 5435: 5417: 5399: 5369: 5355:"La lingua italiana in Brasile" 5302: 5279: 5261: 5244: 5227: 5087: 5068: 5049:(in Portuguese). Archived from 5031: 5012: 4994: 4975: 4937: 4915: 4893: 4863: 4845: 4836: 4810: 4792: 4783: 4757: 4739: 4718:Artes plásticas na Semana de 22 4710: 4693: 4675: 4658: 4641: 4538: 4345: 4294: 4275: 4244: 4203:(in Portuguese). Archived from 4189: 4177:(in Portuguese). insieme.com.br 4150: 4135: 4120: 4090: 4072: 4042: 4024: 3685:Scuola Italiana Eugenio Montale 3380:Understood, my Saint Benedict? 3299:Original in São Paulo's pidgin 2753:emigrated to Brazil during the 2256:Industries owned by an Italian 1879: 1400:Italians migrated to Brazil as 784:Country of birth of the mother 5551:(in Spanish). 29 November 2015 5465:"Laticínios Catupiry: History" 5190:(in Italian). 10 February 2014 4638:. Retrieved 10 September 2008. 4291:. Retrieved 10 September 2008. 4272:. Retrieved 10 September 2008. 4226:; Fraser M. Ottanelli (eds.). 3976: 3944: 3916: 3882: 3850:. Retrieved 11 September 2008. 3609:Wine production (in the South) 3513:(chicken with fried polenta), 3358:Quando il mare ti portava via 3334:Fa tempo che piove qua, Gigi, 3233:). Talian is a variant of the 1748:Decline of Italian immigration 1254:Regions, namely the states of 664:Prince Umberto's visit in 1924 560:A 19th-century house built by 399: 283:, with the majority living in 248:descent, whose ancestors were 1: 5721:EDIPUCRS. Porto Alegre, 1999 5357:(in Italian). 27 January 2020 4014:"Nova Veneza (in Portuguese)" 3988:Milpovos.prefeitura.sp.gov.br 3802: 2305:Rio de Janeiro (city + state) 2047:Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras 1922: 947:Italian population in Brazil 691: 363:Genoese sailors and merchants 330:Italian immigration to Brazil 109: 101: 5039:Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos 4984:"Pró-Memória de Campinas-SP" 4901:"Il Brasile dietro l'angolo" 3675: 3606:' salutation (all of Brazil) 3391:And you, without hearing me 3151:Italian influences in Brazil 2886:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 2033:of Italians Brazilians from 586:, 1893. Acervo municipal de 508:Brazilian need of immigrants 7: 7839:Water supply and sanitation 7387:Fourth Republic (1946–1964) 7362:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815) 4806:. Typ da Estatistica. 1926. 4753:. Typ da Estatistica. 1930. 3705: 3402:When the sea took you away 3370:Free translation to English 3270:One of the main example is 3237:with influences from other 3155: 2684:regions, and only 22% from 2519: 437:Italian Chamber of Deputies 10: 8200: 8184:Italian diaspora in Brazil 7367:United Kingdom (1815–1822) 6336:ancient Italian migrations 5761:Do outro lado do Atlântico 5599:(in Spanish). 29 July 2004 5006:imigrantesitalianos.com.br 4687:imigrantesitalianos.com.br 3941:. Retrieved on 2010-10-14. 3792:Italian language in Brazil 3660:as regards technology and 3472: 3400:That afternoon in Guarujá 3398:Do you remember, Gioconda 3296: 1358:Italian immigrants in the 875: 454: 414:anyone born in the country 333: 8096: 7965: 7857: 7759: 7750: 7728: 7642: 7633: 7621:President of the Republic 7539: 7530: 7414: 7405: 7342: 7250: 7191: 7140: 7109: 7083: 7042: 7033: 7017: 7008: 6942: 6926: 6895: 6837: 6828: 6811: 6802: 6730: 6687: 6654: 6606: 6599: 6567: 6550: 6520: 6511: 6401: 6397: 6332: 6311: 6290: 6262: 6093: 6057: 5907: 5896: 5837: 5717:Clemente, Elvo (et al.). 5707:. EDUSP. São Paulo, 2003 4967:Cite uses generic title ( 4597:"Gli Italiani in Brasile" 4287:26 September 2007 at the 3395:Of this unhappy one here 3095: 3028: 2811: 2770: 2648: 2457: 2255: 2118: 2077: 2019:Clube Atlético Votorantim 1832:or to the United States. 1397:and the southern states. 1360:Hospedaria dos Imigrantes 1346:Coffee plantation in the 1155: 946: 864: 776: 711: 212: 207: 167: 162: 156:various Italian languages 141: 136: 124: 119: 100: 95: 80: 62: 29: 7544:Administrative divisions 6613:American (United States) 6298:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 5529:(in Spanish). 3 May 2012 5142:MORILA, Aílton Pereira. 4382:Brazilian Census of 1940 3911:Censo brasileiro de 1940 3797:Memória do Bixiga Museum 3248: 2755:Istrian-Dalmatian exodus 2156:Grandson of an immigrant 390:Emílio Garrastazu Médici 382:Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli 5188:"Il Giorno del Ricordo" 4982:J.M.Fantinatti (2006). 4634:3 February 2009 at the 3632:as regards gastronomy, 3517:(a steak prepared with 3404:And you called for me: 3348:Di questo infelice qui 3346:Ridere, ridere, ridere 3318:co os tubarone, ouviste 3302:Gioconda, piccina mia, 2649:Total : 1,243,633 2065:Estádio Palestra Itália 2039:Esporte Clube Juventude 2031:Clube Atlético Juventus 1995:Colégio Dante Alighieri 1989:societies (such as the 1844:immigrants, from 1908. 1615:Percentage of the city 1553:Percentage of the city 1454:Percentage of the city 1350:which employed Italians 7700:Science and technology 7382:Vargas Era (1930–1946) 7258:Demographics of Brazil 6387:Ancestry and ethnicity 5705:Os italianos no Brasil 5689:Bertonha, João Fábio. 5549:"El ñoquis de cada 29" 5286:Thomé, Nilson (2008). 5002:"Sobrenomes Italianos" 4323:Buckman, Kirk (2004). 3712:Brazil–Italy relations 3588: 3570:, a young doctor from 3485: 3437: 3426:Our Lady of Caravaggio 3351:Ti ricordi, Gioconda, 3338:Sotto la tua finestra 3292: 3184: 3165: 2673: 2452: 2072: 2051:Cruzeiro Esporte Clube 1912: 1852: 1788: 1757: 1538: 1439: 1366: 1351: 1334: 1247: 1239: 1123: 596:colônias de imigrantes 591: 572: 529: 517: 501: 472: 409: 394:Jair Messias Bolsonaro 349: 241: 233: 87:Italian Brazilians in 46: 32: 6635:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste 6334:local ethnic Italians 5749:. Cser. Roma, 1978. 3782:White Latin Americans 3586: 3480: 3423: 3286: 3179: 3160: 2876:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2730:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2663: 2435: 2059: 1907: 1850: 1786: 1755: 1736:Other parts of Brazil 1521: 1437: 1429:immigration to Brazil 1357: 1348:State of Minas Gerais 1345: 1329: 1245: 1234: 1117: 697:1940 Brazilian census 578: 559: 523: 515: 467: 407: 343: 208:Related ethnic groups 7518:World Heritage Sites 7451:Environmental issues 7424:Brazilian Antarctica 6085:United Arab Emirates 5483:"Linguiça calabresa" 5223:on 21 February 2011. 4881:on 14 September 2008 4331:. CRVP. p. 83. 4036:www.itamaraty.gov.br 4032:"República Italiana" 3894:www.itamaraty.gov.br 3890:"República Italiana" 3772:Demography of Brazil 3664:as regards the navy. 3600:Brazilian-Portuguese 3554:, a type of Italian 3374:Gioconda, my little 3189:Brazilian Portuguese 2204:Syrians and Lebanese 2015:association football 1949:City of the Italians 1681:Rio de Janeiro City 616:, the government of 468:A family of Italian 422:multiple citizenship 378:Presidents of Brazil 144:Brazilian Portuguese 8067:Syncretic Religions 7975:Freedom of religion 7657:Automotive industry 5575:"Los ñoquis del 29" 5102:on 10 October 2004. 5094:Seyferth, Giralda. 4610:on 12 February 2012 4268:30 May 2008 at the 4207:on 11 October 2007. 4129:Italianos no Brazil 3727:Italian Australians 3524:Mortadella sandwich 3519:Parmigiano-Reggiano 3509:, little rooster), 3383:It rains, it rains 2720:, in the region of 2437:Saudades de Nápoles 2140:Son of an immigrant 2053:in Belo Horizonte. 2045:, later renamed to 1682: 1605: 1543: 1444: 1414:indentured servants 1325:Southeastern Brazil 1099:Areas of settlement 792:Number of children 720:Number of children 670:Umberto II of Italy 396:(elected in 2018). 324:Italian immigration 26: 8027:Eastern Orthodoxy 8020:Ukrainian Catholic 7715:Telecommunications 7372:Empire (1822–1889) 7357:Indigenous peoples 6416:Indigenous peoples 6037:Sicilian Americans 5967:Dominican Republic 5731:Franzina, Emilio. 5573:Petryk, Norberto. 4398:Schwartzman, Simon 4020:on 19 August 2008. 3994:on 12 January 2009 3964:on 21 October 2014 3870:on 2 February 2014 3752:Italian Uruguayans 3742:Italian Colombians 3722:Italian Argentines 3652:as regards games, 3644:as regards sport, 3589: 3533:linguiça Calabresa 3511:frango com polenta 3505:(from the Italian 3486: 3438: 3389:Under your window 3353:Di quella sera in 3305:Vai brincar ali no 3293: 3185: 3180:Italian people in 2751:Dalmatian Italians 2674: 2453: 2073: 1853: 1837:Spanish immigrants 1789: 1758: 1742:Mato Grosso do Sul 1680: 1603: 1541: 1539: 1442: 1440: 1425:Italian government 1371:State of São Paulo 1367: 1352: 1248: 1240: 1124: 1118:Panoramic view of 1105:State of São Paulo 961:Italian estimates 592: 573: 530: 518: 473: 410: 350: 226:Italian Brazilians 25:Italian Brazilians 24: 8132: 8131: 8092: 8091: 8034: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7999:Armenian Catholic 7804:Income inequality 7746: 7745: 7629: 7628: 7616:Political parties 7611:National Congress 7574:Freedom of speech 7559:Foreign relations 7526: 7525: 7298: 7297: 7246: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7004: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6798: 6797: 6589: 6588: 6346: 6345: 5407:"Domínio LocaWeb" 5395:on 27 March 2012. 5321:(in Portuguese). 5319:Ciência e Cultura 5153:(in Portuguese). 4518:Pereira, Liésio. 4400:(November 1999). 4338:978-1-56518-208-0 4237:978-0-252-02659-1 4224:Donna R. Gabaccia 4102:italiaoggi.com.br 4084:italiaoggi.com.br 4060:on 7 October 2011 3939:978-0-7618-2638-5 3757:Italo-Venezuelans 3747:Italian Peruvians 3732:Italian Canadians 3717:Italian Americans 3515:Bife à parmegiana 3424:The Sanctuary of 3416:St. Vito Festival 3413: 3412: 3362:Aiuto, Marcello! 3336:E io, sempre io, 3235:Venetian language 3148: 3147: 3091: 3090: 3024: 3023: 2807: 2806: 2653: 2652: 2425: 2424: 2294:Rio Grande do Sul 2251: 2250: 2114: 2113: 2104:Owned by Italians 2049:in São Paulo and 2023:Sport Club Savóia 1997:, in São Paulo), 1980:Rio Grande do Sul 1917:Brazilian Indians 1815:(white slaves in 1733: 1732: 1663: 1662: 1601: 1600: 1513: 1512: 1260:Rio Grande do Sul 1224: 1223: 1148:Amazon rainforest 1081: 1080: 967:Brazilian Census 942: 941: 862: 861: 789:who had children 772: 771: 584:Pedro Weingärtner 570:Rio Grande do Sul 481:Imperial Austrian 281:Rio Grande do Sul 242:ítalo-brasileiros 223: 222: 173:Roman Catholicism 113: 32,000,000 47:Ítalo-brasileiros 8191: 8161: 8160: 8159: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8140: 8112: 8105: 8030: 8018: 8011: 8004: 7997: 7922:National symbols 7757: 7756: 7695: 7667:Economic history 7652:Animal husbandry 7640: 7639: 7537: 7536: 7412: 7411: 7325: 7318: 7311: 7302: 7301: 7040: 7039: 7015: 7014: 6835: 6834: 6809: 6808: 6604: 6603: 6518: 6517: 6399: 6398: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6350: 6349: 5902: 5831:Italian diaspora 5829: 5828: 5827: 5817: 5810: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5759:Trento, Ângelo. 5677: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5667: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5570: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5523: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5489:on 1 April 2012. 5479: 5473: 5472: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5453:on 12 June 2008. 5439: 5433: 5432: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5383: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5351: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5316: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5265: 5259: 5248: 5242: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5215: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5168:on 14 March 2012 5167: 5161:. Archived from 5148: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5113: 5104: 5103: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5055: 5048: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5016: 5010: 5009: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4965: 4963: 4955: 4949: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4877:. Archived from 4867: 4861: 4860: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4820:. Archived from 4814: 4808: 4807: 4796: 4790: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4767:. Archived from 4761: 4755: 4754: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4725: 4714: 4708: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4679: 4673: 4662: 4656: 4645: 4639: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4609: 4602: 4593: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4558:on 21 March 2012 4557: 4551:. 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Archived from 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3963: 3956: 3948: 3942: 3920: 3914: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3860: 3851: 3845: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3824: 3816: 3777:White Brazilians 3762:Italian diaspora 3737:Italian Chileans 3693:- Belo Horizonte 3579:Other influences 3537:linguiça Toscana 3448:, a city in the 3446:Polignano a Mare 3406:Help, Marcello! 3387:And I, always I 3295: 3265:Adoniran Barbosa 3239:Italian dialects 3199:Italian dialects 3172: 3093: 3092: 3026: 3025: 2809: 2808: 2768: 2767: 2747:Istrian Italians 2716:, and also from 2712:, from parts of 2455: 2454: 2253: 2252: 2116: 2115: 2075: 2074: 2017:teams such as: 2001:, newspapers as 1991:Circolo Italiano 1929:Southeast Brazil 1813:escravos brancos 1773:Social Darwinism 1740:In the State of 1683: 1679: 1606: 1602: 1544: 1540: 1445: 1441: 1338: 1318:Italian dialects 1153: 1152: 944: 943: 873: 872: 774: 773: 709: 708: 336:Italian diaspora 254:Italian diaspora 234:italo-brasiliani 114: 111: 107:(by citizenship) 106: 103: 96:Total population 85: 76: 75: 69: 68: 57: 49: 43: 35: 33:Italo-brasiliani 27: 23: 8199: 8198: 8194: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8169: 8168: 8167: 8157: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8135: 8133: 8128: 8115: 8108: 8101: 8088: 7961: 7947:Science fiction 7937:Public holidays 7853: 7814:Life expectancy 7742: 7724: 7693: 7625: 7601:Law enforcement 7522: 7508:Water resources 7488:Protected areas 7401: 7338: 7329: 7299: 7294: 7234: 7187: 7136: 7105: 7079: 7035: 7029: 6996: 6938: 6922: 6891: 6830: 6824: 6794: 6726: 6689:Central America 6683: 6650: 6595: 6585: 6569: 6568:Central Africa 6563: 6552: 6546: 6507: 6393: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6335: 6328: 6307: 6286: 6258: 6089: 6053: 5903: 5894: 5833: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5777: 5703:Cenni, Franco. 5686: 5684:Further reading 5681: 5680: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5621:. 6 August 2018 5617: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5600: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5580: 5578: 5571: 5564: 5554: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5525: 5524: 5520: 5510: 5508: 5499: 5498: 5494: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5471:on 9 June 2010. 5463: 5462: 5458: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5405: 5404: 5400: 5392: 5381: 5374: 5370: 5360: 5358: 5353: 5352: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5314: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5291: 5284: 5280: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5249: 5245: 5232: 5228: 5220: 5213: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5193: 5191: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5146: 5140: 5136: 5126: 5124: 5115: 5114: 5107: 5092: 5088: 5073: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5056:on 3 March 2016 5053: 5046: 5036: 5032: 5017: 5013: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4957: 4956: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4928: 4926: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4884: 4882: 4875:geomundo.com.br 4869: 4868: 4864: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4824:on 30 June 2013 4816: 4815: 4811: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4771:on 30 June 2013 4763: 4762: 4758: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4715: 4711: 4698: 4694: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4663: 4659: 4646: 4642: 4636:Wayback Machine 4627: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4600: 4595: 4594: 4585: 4569: 4568: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4546:"Archived copy" 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4526:on 28 July 2006 4516: 4509: 4496:Angelo Trento. 4495: 4486: 4473: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4405: 4395: 4388: 4379: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4321: 4317: 4307: 4305: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4289:Wayback Machine 4280: 4276: 4270:Wayback Machine 4261: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4216: 4212: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4167: 4160: 4155: 4151: 4140: 4136: 4127:Clemente, Elvo. 4125: 4121: 4113: 4109: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4050:"Veja 15/12/99" 4048: 4047: 4043: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3995: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3954: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3921: 3917: 3908: 3901: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3862: 3861: 3854: 3846: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3708: 3700: 3678: 3581: 3568:Saint Pantaleon 3475: 3418: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3363: 3361: 3360:E mi chiamasti 3359: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3320: 3312: 3303: 3263:was created by 3251: 3174: 3167: 3158: 3153: 2658: 2656:Areas of origin 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2430: 2236:Other Europeans 2043:Palestra Italia 1976:Count Matarazzo 1925: 1882: 1858:factory workers 1766:Prinetti Decree 1750: 1738: 1604:Ribeirão Preto 1443:São Paulo City 1340: 1336: 1327: 1291:Bento Gonçalves 1229: 1227:Southern Brazil 1101: 1096: 1086:.** Consulates 867: 788: 778: 699: 694: 674:Tenente revolts 666: 554: 510: 462: 457: 433:Italian citizen 402: 338: 332: 285:São Paulo state 203: 183: 112: 108: 104: 86: 70: 63: 58: 51: 44: 37: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8197: 8187: 8186: 8181: 8166: 8165: 8153: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8126: 8121: 8114: 8113: 8106: 8098: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8036: 8035: 8025: 8024: 8023: 8016: 8009: 8002: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7971: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7863: 7861: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7760: 7754: 7748: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7738:Rail transport 7734: 7732: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7587: 7586: 7584:Women's rights 7581: 7576: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7473:Largest cities 7470: 7465: 7460: 7458:Extreme points 7455: 7454: 7453: 7443: 7438: 7437: 7436: 7434:Climate change 7426: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7348: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7328: 7327: 7320: 7313: 7305: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7281: 7280: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7254: 7252: 7251:Related topics 7248: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7201: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7046: 7044: 7037: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7027: 7021: 7019: 7012: 7006: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6952: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6930: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6841: 6839: 6832: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6815: 6813: 6806: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6736: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6693: 6691: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6660: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6583: 6578: 6572: 6570: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6555: 6553: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6530: 6524: 6522: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6471: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6460:Amazonian Jews 6457: 6436: 6418: 6413: 6405: 6403: 6395: 6394: 6376: 6375: 6368: 6361: 6353: 6344: 6343: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6222:United Kingdom 6219: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6157: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6130: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6118: 6108: 6103: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5937: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5820: 5819: 5812: 5805: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5784: 5776: 5775:External links 5773: 5772: 5771: 5757: 5743: 5729: 5715: 5701: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5654: 5632: 5610: 5588: 5562: 5540: 5527:"Ñoquis el 29" 5518: 5505:BBC News Mundo 5492: 5474: 5456: 5434: 5431:. 6 June 2011. 5416: 5398: 5368: 5343: 5301: 5278: 5260: 5243: 5226: 5201: 5179: 5134: 5123:on 7 June 2008 5105: 5086: 5067: 5030: 5011: 4993: 4974: 4936: 4914: 4892: 4862: 4844: 4835: 4809: 4791: 4782: 4756: 4738: 4726: 4709: 4692: 4674: 4657: 4640: 4621: 4583: 4537: 4507: 4484: 4432: 4423: 4386: 4366: 4344: 4337: 4315: 4293: 4274: 4252: 4243: 4236: 4220:"Introduction" 4210: 4188: 4158: 4149: 4146:. p. 136. 4134: 4119: 4107: 4089: 4071: 4041: 4023: 4005: 3975: 3943: 3915: 3899: 3881: 3852: 3835: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3707: 3704: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3688: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3665: 3610: 3607: 3580: 3577: 3497:-based sauce. 3474: 3471: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3366: 3332:Piove, piove, 3273:Samba Italiano 3261:Samba paulista 3255:samba paulista 3250: 3247: 3220:Tá entendendo? 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3118: 3117: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3022: 3021: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2906:Emilia-Romagna 2902: 2901: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2776:Italian Region 2773: 2772: 2686:Southern Italy 2678:Northern Italy 2657: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2610:Emilia-Romagna 2606: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2593: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2542: 2541: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2522: 2521: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2393:Espírito Santo 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2327:Santa Catarina 2324: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2112: 2111: 2110:2.119 (15,9%) 2108: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2063:supporters in 1972:Belo Horizonte 1945:Ribeirão Preto 1924: 1921: 1881: 1878: 1801:Getúlio Vargas 1749: 1746: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1670:Ribeirão Preto 1661: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1391:Rio de Janeiro 1387:Espírito Santo 1328: 1326: 1323: 1307:Santa Catarina 1272:Espírito Santo 1264:Santa Catarina 1228: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1128:Santa Catarina 1120:Ribeirão Preto 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1004: 1002: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 987: 986: 984: 982: 979: 976: 973: 969: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 949: 948: 940: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 911: 910: 907: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 882: 881: 866: 863: 860: 859: 856: 853: 849: 848: 845: 842: 838: 837: 834: 831: 827: 826: 823: 820: 816: 815: 812: 809: 805: 804: 801: 798: 794: 793: 790: 785: 781: 780: 770: 769: 766: 762: 761: 758: 754: 753: 750: 746: 745: 742: 738: 737: 734: 730: 729: 726: 722: 721: 718: 714: 713: 698: 695: 693: 690: 678:Rio de Janeiro 665: 662: 634:Emilia-Romagna 564:immigrants in 553: 550: 538:Rio de Janeiro 526:Port of Santos 509: 506: 461: 458: 456: 453: 441:Italian Senate 401: 398: 334:Main article: 331: 328: 221: 220: 210: 209: 205: 204: 202: 201: 196: 191: 184: 182: 181: 175: 171:Christianity ( 168: 165: 164: 160: 159: 148:Talian dialect 142:Predominantly 139: 138: 134: 133: 122: 121: 117: 116: 105: 450,000 98: 97: 93: 92: 78: 77: 60: 59: 30: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8196: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8164: 8154: 8152: 8142: 8141: 8138: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8111: 8107: 8104: 8100: 8099: 8095: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8046: 8045:Protestantism 8043: 8041: 8038: 8033: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8010: 8007: 8003: 8000: 7996: 7995: 7994: 7991: 7990: 7989:Christianity 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7964: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7856: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7829:States by HDI 7827: 7825: 7824:Social issues 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7761: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7727: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7644: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7529: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7435: 7432: 7431: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7326: 7321: 7319: 7314: 7312: 7307: 7306: 7303: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7279: 7276: 7275: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7231: 7230:Luxembourgian 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7139: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7041: 7038: 7032: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7007: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6894: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6833: 6827: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6801: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6732:South America 6729: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6607:North America 6605: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6566: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6549: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6374: 6369: 6367: 6362: 6360: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6341: 6331: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6312:Neighborhoods 6310: 6304: 6303:Niçard exodus 6301: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6283: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6023: 6022:United States 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5901: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5818: 5813: 5811: 5806: 5804: 5799: 5798: 5795: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5770: 5769:85-213-0563-X 5766: 5762: 5758: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5741:88-7989-719-5 5738: 5734: 5730: 5728: 5727:85-7430-046-2 5724: 5720: 5716: 5714: 5713:85-314-0671-4 5710: 5706: 5702: 5700: 5699:85-7244-301-0 5696: 5692: 5688: 5687: 5664: 5658: 5642: 5636: 5620: 5614: 5598: 5592: 5576: 5569: 5567: 5550: 5544: 5528: 5522: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5391: 5387: 5379: 5372: 5356: 5350: 5348: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5312: 5305: 5289: 5282: 5274: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5255:, p. 111, at 5254: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5230: 5219: 5211: 5205: 5189: 5183: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5145: 5138: 5122: 5118: 5112: 5110: 5101: 5097: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5071: 5052: 5044: 5040: 5034: 5026: 5022: 5015: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4970: 4961: 4953: 4946: 4940: 4924: 4918: 4902: 4896: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4839: 4823: 4819: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4786: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4733: 4731: 4724: 4720: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4704:, p. 318, at 4703: 4702: 4696: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4669:, p. 179, at 4668: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4652:, p. 252, at 4651: 4650: 4644: 4637: 4633: 4630: 4625: 4606: 4598: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4579: 4573: 4554: 4547: 4541: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4512: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4482: 4479:, p. 100, at 4478: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4427: 4411: 4410:Novos Estudos 4403: 4399: 4393: 4391: 4383: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4354: 4348: 4340: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4303: 4297: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4278: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4259: 4257: 4247: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4176: 4172: 4165: 4163: 4153: 4145: 4138: 4132: 4130: 4123: 4116: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4085: 4081: 4075: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4009: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3960: 3953: 3947: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3931:0-7618-2638-6 3928: 3924: 3919: 3912: 3906: 3904: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3849: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3821: 3815: 3813: 3808: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3703: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3681: 3670: 3666: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3561: 3560:Southern Cone 3557: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3483: 3479: 3470: 3468: 3462: 3461:(September). 3460: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3409: 3396: 3381: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3365: 3356: 3349: 3343: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3170: 3169:Gina Lombroso 3164: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3104:Neighborhood 3103: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2682:Central Italy 2679: 2671: 2667: 2666:Caxias do Sul 2662: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2164:Ethnic origin 2163: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1932: 1930: 1920: 1918: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1888: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1754: 1745: 1743: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1678: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1520: 1516: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1333: 1322: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1295:Caxias do Sul 1292: 1288: 1285:). They were 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1244: 1238: 1237:Caxias do Sul 1233: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1129: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 988: 985: 983: 980: 977: 974: 971: 970: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 950: 945: 937: 934: 931: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 912: 908: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 883: 879: 874: 871: 857: 854: 851: 850: 846: 843: 840: 839: 835: 832: 829: 828: 824: 821: 818: 817: 813: 810: 807: 806: 802: 799: 796: 795: 791: 786: 783: 782: 775: 767: 764: 763: 759: 756: 755: 751: 748: 747: 743: 740: 739: 735: 732: 731: 727: 724: 723: 719: 716: 715: 710: 707: 703: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 619: 615: 610: 606: 603: 601: 597: 589: 585: 581: 577: 571: 567: 566:Caxias do Sul 563: 558: 549: 547: 542: 539: 534: 527: 522: 514: 505: 503: 499: 493: 491: 487: 486:Líbero Badaró 482: 477: 471: 466: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 425: 423: 419: 415: 406: 397: 395: 391: 387: 386:Itamar Franco 383: 379: 374: 370: 368: 364: 360: 355: 347: 342: 337: 327: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 301: 297: 292: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 219: 215: 211: 206: 200: 199:others faiths 197: 195: 192: 190: 186: 185: 179: 176: 174: 170: 169: 166: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 140: 135: 131: 127: 123: 118: 99: 94: 90: 84: 79: 74: 67: 61: 55: 48: 41: 34: 28: 19: 7834:Unemployment 7784:Demographics 7662:Central Bank 7569:Human rights 7549:Constitution 7419:Amazon basin 7263:Colonization 7162: 7132:Scandinavian 7018:By ethnicity 6908:East Indians 6865:in São Paulo 6821:(East Asian) 6812:By ethnicity 6624:Confederados 6622: 6551:West Africa 6532: 6521:By ethnicity 6498: 6490: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6452: 6445: 6439: 6432: 6424: 6408: 6319:Little Italy 5924: 5880:South Africa 5789:(In Italian) 5760: 5746: 5732: 5718: 5704: 5691:Os italianos 5690: 5669:. Retrieved 5657: 5645:. Retrieved 5643:(in Italian) 5635: 5623:. Retrieved 5613: 5601:. Retrieved 5591: 5579:. Retrieved 5577:(in Spanish) 5553:. Retrieved 5543: 5531:. Retrieved 5521: 5509:. Retrieved 5507:(in Spanish) 5504: 5495: 5487:the original 5477: 5469:the original 5459: 5451:the original 5446: 5437: 5428: 5419: 5410: 5401: 5390:the original 5385: 5371: 5359:. Retrieved 5334:. Retrieved 5322: 5318: 5304: 5292:. Retrieved 5281: 5272: 5263: 5257:Google Books 5250: 5246: 5240:Google Books 5233: 5229: 5218:the original 5204: 5192:. Retrieved 5182: 5170:. Retrieved 5163:the original 5150: 5137: 5127:10 September 5125:. Retrieved 5121:the original 5100:the original 5089: 5080: 5070: 5058:. Retrieved 5051:the original 5033: 5024: 5014: 5005: 4996: 4987: 4977: 4951: 4939: 4927:. Retrieved 4925:(in Italian) 4917: 4905:. Retrieved 4903:(in Italian) 4895: 4883:. Retrieved 4879:the original 4874: 4865: 4857:seade.gov.br 4856: 4847: 4838: 4826:. Retrieved 4822:the original 4812: 4803: 4794: 4785: 4773:. Retrieved 4769:the original 4759: 4750: 4741: 4723:Google Books 4721:, p. 76, at 4716: 4712: 4706:Google Books 4699: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4671:Google Books 4664: 4660: 4654:Google Books 4647: 4643: 4624: 4612:. Retrieved 4605:the original 4560:. Retrieved 4553:the original 4540: 4530:10 September 4528:. Retrieved 4524:the original 4504:Google Books 4502:, p. 67, at 4497: 4481:Google Books 4474: 4426: 4414:. Retrieved 4409: 4357:. Retrieved 4355:(in Italian) 4347: 4328: 4318: 4306:. Retrieved 4304:(in Italian) 4296: 4277: 4246: 4227: 4213: 4205:the original 4200: 4191: 4179:. Retrieved 4174: 4152: 4143: 4137: 4128: 4122: 4110: 4101: 4092: 4083: 4074: 4062:. Retrieved 4058:the original 4054:abril.com.br 4053: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4018:the original 4008: 3996:. Retrieved 3992:the original 3987: 3978: 3966:. Retrieved 3959:the original 3946: 3918: 3893: 3884: 3872:. Retrieved 3868:the original 3826:. Retrieved 3701: 3679: 3669:Minas Gerais 3661: 3657: 3654:raviolatrice 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3598:("tchau" in 3593: 3565: 3548:nhoque de 29 3547: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3487: 3463: 3439: 3433: 3397: 3382: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3354: 3350: 3341: 3340:E voi senza 3331: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3243:bilingualism 3231:Serra Gaúcha 3224: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3197: 3186: 3182:Serra Gaúcha 3166: 3161: 3016:Aosta Valley 2741:, Calabria, 2735: 2690: 2675: 2664:Pictures of 2441:Bertha Worms 2436: 2415:Other states 2283:Minas Gerais 2068: 2042: 2022: 2010: 2002: 1999:labor unions 1994: 1990: 1984: 1964:Porto Alegre 1961: 1948: 1933: 1926: 1913: 1910:countryside. 1908: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1880:Assimilation 1874: 1870: 1854: 1834: 1825:repatriation 1821: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1790: 1770: 1759: 1739: 1664: 1522: 1514: 1418: 1405: 1399: 1395: 1383:Minas Gerais 1374: 1368: 1359: 1335: 1330: 1315: 1303: 1298: 1283:Serra Gaúcha 1280: 1276:Minas Gerais 1252:Southeastern 1249: 1140:Central-West 1132: 1125: 1109:Minas Gerais 1102: 1088: 1085: 1082: 868: 765:Japan-Korea 704: 700: 667: 623: 611: 607: 604: 595: 593: 579: 543: 535: 531: 494: 490:Risorgimento 478: 474: 426: 411: 375: 371: 351: 305: 293: 277:southernmost 273:Minas Gerais 266:southeastern 225: 224: 21:Ethnic group 18: 7993:Catholicism 7907:Malandragem 7872:Archaeology 7799:Immigration 7705:Stock index 7647:Agriculture 7446:Environment 7278:from Europe 7273:Immigration 7268:Slave trade 7034:By country 6970:Palestinian 6903:Bangladeshi 6829:By country 6697:Costa Rican 6534:quilombolas 6282:New Zealand 6205:Switzerland 6027:before 1880 6017:Puerto Rico 5977:El Salvador 5781:oriundi.net 5581:14 February 5273:archive.org 5172:9 September 5081:ibge.gov.br 5025:ibge.gov.br 4804:archive.org 4751:archive.org 3968:20 December 3687:- São Paulo 3620:), such as 3618:italianisms 3434:Nova Milano 3430:Farroupilha 3428:located in 3316:attenzione 3037:Population 2820:Percentage 2779:Percentage 2480:immigrants 2404:Mato Grosso 2167:Percentage 2127:Percentage 2107:398 (17,6%) 2078:Industries 1887:patriarchal 1828:Argentina, 1797:labour laws 1542:São Carlos 1525:balustrades 1421:plantations 1146:and in the 858:38,716,508 588:Nova Veneza 418:naturalized 400:Citizenship 359:Renaissance 320:Italophilic 289:Nova Veneza 187:Minorities 146:. Minority 8173:Categories 8032:Antiochian 7957:Television 7927:Newspapers 7902:Literature 7774:Corruption 7769:Censorship 7694:(currency) 7564:Government 7285:Emigration 7173:Portuguese 7168:Macedonian 7127:Lithuanian 7091:Belarusian 6887:Vietnamese 6855:Indonesian 6790:Venezuelan 6780:Surinamese 6770:Paraguayan 6760:Ecuadorian 6722:Salvadoran 6717:Panamanian 6712:Nicaraguan 6702:Guatemalan 6421:Mixed-race 6410:Brazilians 6168:Dodecanese 5957:Costa Rica 5755:1192108952 5647:1 February 5625:1 February 5411:uol.com.br 5361:31 January 5194:16 October 4929:31 January 4907:31 January 4359:30 January 4308:30 January 3998:11 January 3874:25 January 3803:References 3638:cittadella 3634:ambasciata 3309:í no fundo 3143:Bom Retiro 2916:Basilicata 2761:after the 2759:Yugoslavia 2700:(30%) and 2630:Basilicata 2470:immigrants 2371:Pernambuco 2188:Portuguese 2180:Brazilians 2124:Generation 2021:, the old 2003:Il Piccolo 1987:mutual aid 1941:São Carlos 1923:Prosperity 1817:Portuguese 1793:latifundia 1777:Positivism 1666:São Carlos 1375:green gold 1177:Portuguese 1161:Immigrants 1138:region of 1053:1,837,887 1035:1,100,000 1017:1,300,000 909:1955–1959 855:6,809,772 803:1,069,862 728:1,260,931 692:Statistics 654:Basilicata 614:immigrants 548:theories. 502:braccianti 346:Cavalcanti 296:Brazilians 238:Portuguese 218:Brazilians 178:Protestant 54:Portuguese 8077:Quimbanda 8072:Candomblé 7942:Sculpture 7917:Mythology 7867:Animation 7809:Languages 7789:Education 7730:Transport 7591:Judiciary 7554:Elections 7503:Time Zone 7478:Mountains 7441:Coastline 7407:Geography 7203:British ( 7148:Bulgarian 7101:Ukrainian 7065:Hungarian 7036:or region 6913:Pakistani 6877:Malaysian 6831:or region 6785:Uruguayan 6755:Colombian 6740:Argentine 6664:Barbadian 6656:Caribbean 6630:New Texas 6618:Americana 6581:Congolese 6454:mamelucos 6275:Melbourne 6270:Australia 6237:Gibraltar 6184:Slovenia 6049:Venezuela 5982:Guatemala 5915:Argentina 5671:1 January 5447:globo.com 5429:globo.com 5331:0009-6725 5159:1807-6971 5060:12 August 4885:7 October 4614:3 October 3828:1 January 3676:Education 3622:agnolotti 3614:loanwords 3572:Nicomedia 3541:chocotone 3469:in 2008. 3216:Orra meu! 2478:Number of 2473:Region of 2468:Number of 2463:Region of 2449:São Paulo 2272:São Paulo 2220:Austrians 2132:Immigrant 2061:Palmeiras 1953:São Paulo 1762:Argentina 1689:Italians 1675:São Paulo 1379:São Paulo 1364:São Paulo 1287:Garibaldi 1256:São Paulo 1209:Austrians 1144:Northeast 1142:, in the 906:1950–1954 903:1945–1949 900:1934–1944 897:1924–1933 894:1914–1923 891:1904–1913 888:1894–1903 885:1884-1893 808:Portugal 733:Portugal 682:São Paulo 580:Vida nova 470:emigrants 445:Argentina 316:São Paulo 279:state of 262:São Paulo 189:Spiritism 137:Languages 130:Southeast 89:São Paulo 8119:Category 8057:Hinduism 8006:Maronite 7985:Buddhism 7967:Religion 7932:Painting 7882:Carnaval 7764:Abortion 7710:Taxation 7682:Industry 7606:Military 7532:Politics 7513:Wildlife 7483:Pantanal 7352:Timeline 7336:articles 7209:Scottish 7178:Romanian 7153:Croatian 7141:Southern 7117:Estonian 7110:Northern 7050:Austrian 6965:Lebanese 6950:Armenian 6896:Southern 6860:Japanese 6850:Filipino 6775:Peruvian 6765:Guyanese 6745:Bolivian 6707:Honduran 6679:Jamaican 6642:Canadian 6600:Americas 6559:Nigerian 6482:caiçaras 6447:caboclos 6426:mestiços 6243:Ukraine 6227:Scotland 6121:Dalmatia 6007:Paraguay 5992:Honduras 5952:Colombia 5935:Montreal 5908:Americas 5890:Zimbabwe 5860:Ethiopia 5336:25 April 5294:25 April 4960:cite web 4853:"p. 126" 4818:"p. 174" 4632:Archived 4572:cite web 4416:25 April 4285:Archived 4266:Archived 4181:25 April 4117:. p. 36. 3706:See also 3646:lotteria 3626:rigatoni 3602:) as a ' 3529:Catupiry 3507:galletto 3495:bechamel 3482:Catupiry 3467:festival 3454:festival 3344:sentire 3327:Benedito 3321:Capito, 3156:Language 3122:Campania 3110:Calabria 3073:Lombardy 3063:Calabria 3053:Campania 3047:228,142 3006:Sardinia 2936:Piedmont 2856:Lombardy 2846:Calabria 2836:Campania 2743:Campania 2726:Trentino 2722:Lombardy 2639:Sardinia 2601:(Center) 2592:(Center) 2581:(Center) 2557:(Center) 2546:Lombardy 2526:Calabria 2515:Piedmont 2506:Campania 2349:Amazonas 2212:Russians 2172:Italians 2027:Sorocaba 2011:Fanfulla 1968:Curitiba 1957:Campinas 1937:Campinas 1862:cortiços 1842:Japanese 1612:Italians 1550:Italians 1451:Italians 1402:families 1311:Criciúma 1217:Japanese 1201:Russians 1169:Italians 1077:325,283 1067:325,000 1059:558,405 1047:435,000 1029:600,000 1011:540,000 999:554,000 993:230,000 841:Germany 836:171,790 825:436,305 814:524,940 800:130,273 768:104,355 760:107,074 752:159,809 749:Germany 744:340,479 736:735,929 642:Campania 630:Lombardy 546:eugenics 439:and the 367:Columbus 250:Italians 216:, other 214:Italians 163:Religion 126:Southern 8137:Portals 8103:Outline 8082:Umbanda 8062:Judaism 8013:Melkite 7897:Cuisine 7859:Culture 7844:Welfare 7752:Society 7720:Tourism 7677:Exports 7635:Economy 7493:Regions 7468:Islands 7463:Geology 7429:Climate 7344:History 7205:English 7199:Belgian 7192:Western 7183:Spanish 7163:Italian 7122:Latvian 7096:Russian 7084:Eastern 7043:Central 6992:Turkish 6982:Iranian 6943:Western 6927:Central 6845:Chinese 6838:Eastern 6750:Chilean 6674:Haitian 6647:Mexican 6576:Angolan 6540:Kalunga 6500:sararás 6491:mulatos 6475:juçaras 6468:cafuzos 6433:ainokos 6338:former 6263:Oceania 6215:Grisons 6180:Romania 6159:Greece 6155:Germany 6138:Corsica 6128:Finland 6111:Croatia 6106:Belgium 6101:Albania 6075:Lebanon 6044:Uruguay 6032:by city 5972:Ecuador 5940:Toronto 5920:Bolivia 5885:Tunisia 5875:Somalia 5870:Morocco 5855:Eritrea 5845:Algeria 5603:19 July 5555:18 July 5533:19 July 5511:19 July 5275:. 1908. 4828:30 June 4775:30 June 4765:"p.177" 4562:30 June 4175:Insieme 4064:13 July 3650:tombola 3604:goodbye 3592:Use of 3552:gnocchi 3473:Cuisine 3442:Italian 3355:Guarujá 3193:Italian 3087:47,874 3083:Tuscany 3077:51,338 3067:72,686 3057:91,960 2996:Liguria 2896:Abruzzo 2866:Tuscany 2728:and of 2718:Bergamo 2714:Brescia 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