Italian front (World War I)

2923: 2230: 585: 345: 2160: 449: 239: 2442: 2058: 1810: 2023: 2215: 609: 382: 369: 358: 1905: 513: 278: 628: 495: 394: 252: 2714: 549: 322: 311: 184: 527: 291: 414: 568: 333: 433: 225: 2504: 59: 1988: 2006: 2625: 2516: 2616:(this category does not include soldiers who perished in the rear or as POWs) amounted to 4,538 officers and 150,812 soldiers, for a total of 155,350 dead. The losses were increasing over time; there were 31,135 killed in 1915, 38,519 in 1916, 42,309 in 1917 and 43,387 in 1918. While in 1915 killed-in-action fatalities on the Italian front constituted 18% of all Austro-Hungarian KIAs, in 1916 this figure was 41%, in 1917 it was 64%, and in 1918 it stood at 84%. 2348:. Characteristic of nearly every other theater of the war, the Italians found themselves on the verge of victory but could not secure it because their supply lines could not keep up with the front-line troops and they were forced to withdraw. However, the Italians despite suffering heavy casualties had almost exhausted and defeated the Austro-Hungarian army on the front, forcing them to call in German help for the much anticipated Caporetto Offensive. 2904: 2330: 1391:

Italy should find themselves under the necessity of modifying it by a temporary or permanent occupation on their part, this occupation shall take place only after a previous agreement between the two Powers, based upon the principle of reciprocal compensation for every advantage, territorial or other, which each of them might obtain beyond the present status quo, and giving satisfaction to the interests and well-founded claims of the two Parties.

482: 465: 212: 199: 1781:, it ran through mountainous territory, where the average ridge heights reached 2,700 to 3,200 meters. The higher mountainous regions have a highly rugged relief with little vegetation; Elevations over 2,500 meters are also covered by glaciers. The barren landscape and lack of sufficient arable land led to little development of these high elevations; settlement was largely limited to the lower-lying zones. From the Julian Alps to the 6205: 4947:

disposition of the High Command. On 6 May the 143rd Regiment (composed of troops from both the 143rd and 144th Regiments) sailed for Libya. The remaining troops of the 143rd and 144th Regiments reformed on the 144th Regiment HQ. On 4 July, the 144th Regiment left for Spresiano. On 4 July the brigade reformed with two regiments: 144th (9 companies) and 149th (12 companies).

1766:. Its total length was around 600 kilometers, of which 450 kilometers ran in high alpine terrain. This information relates to measurements as the crow flies. Taking into account the natural terrain, the many yokes, peaks and ridges with the resulting differences in height, the effective length was several thousand kilometers. 2102:. Moreover, preexisting equipment and munition shortages slowed progress and frustrated all expectations for a "Napoleonic style" breakout. Like most contemporaneous militaries, the Italian army primarily used horses for transport but struggled and sometimes failed to supply the troops sufficiently in the tough terrain. 2693:.The Governorate of Dalmatia had the provisional aim of ferrying the territory towards full integration into the Kingdom of Italy, progressively importing national legislation in place of the previous one. The Governorate of Dalmatia was evacuated following the Italo-Yugoslav agreements which resulted in the 2469:); the new class of conscripts born in 1899 who were turning 18 in 1917. In November 1917, British and French troops started to bolster the front line, from the 5 and 6 divisions respectively provided. Far more decisive to the war effort than their troops was the Allies economic assistance by providing 2672:

were occupied: the latter was not included in the territories originally promised secretly by the Allies to Italy in case of victory, but the Italians decided to intervene in reply to a local National Council, formed after the flight of the Hungarians, and which had announced the union to the Kingdom

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The Trappani Brigade was constituted in Palermo on 14 January 1915 with 3 regiments 143rd, 144th and 149th. In May it was dissolved. On 4 May the 149th Regiment was transferred to Brindisi, where it remained at the disposition of the Navy until, on 23 June, it moved into a war zone (Treviso) at the

2186:

Shellfire in the rocky terrain caused 70% more casualties per rounds expended than on the soft ground in Belgium and France. By the autumn of 1917 the Italian army had suffered most of the deaths it was to incur during the war, yet the end of the war seemed to still be an eternity away. This was not

1959:

acquired in 1913 from the British manufacturer Vickers. In line with the 1911 plan for creating 602 machine gun sections. By August 1914 only 150 of these had been created, meaning there was only one machine gun section per regiment, as opposed to one per battalion, as envisaged in the plans. By May

1939:

and no hand grenades available at all. This inadequate supply of equipment especially limited the scope and efficiency of training throughout 1914 and 1915. Munitions were also urgently needed: in July 1914 only ca. 700 rounds were available per rifle, despite Cadorna's demand that 2,000 rounds each

4813:

Controlled by the High Command. Attached: 149 A batteries Nos 2–6 (still at Stretti); 310 mm howitzer batteries Nos 3 & 4 (both arr. 1 June); 280 mm howitzer batteries Nos 1–3 (on 24 May via RR directed to Stazione for the Carnia ); 210 howitzer battery No 1 (on 24 May at Spillimbergo); 210 mm

2570:

and poured in reinforcements that crushed the Austro-Hungarian defensive line. On 31 October, the Italian Army launched a full scale attack and the whole front began to collapse. On 3 November, 300,000 Austro-Hungarian soldiers surrendered, at the same day the Italians entered Trento and Trieste,

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the following: "The experience we have acquired in the eleventh battle has led me to believe that we should fare far worse in the twelfth. My commanders and brave troops have decided that such an unfortunate situation might be anticipated by an offensive. We have not the necessary means as regards

1800:

The topographical characteristics of the front area had a concrete impact on the conduct of the war. The rocky ground, for example, made it difficult to dig trenches and in addition, the karst rock in the Isonzo Valley turned out to be an additional danger for the soldiers. If grenades exploded on

4794:

Attached: 149 A batteries Nos 8 & 9; 305 mm howitzer batteries Nos 1 (arr. 1 June) & 2 (arr. 2 June); 280 mm howitzer battery Nos 4 (arr. 6 June), 5 (arr. 3 June), 6 (arr. 3 June) & 7 (arr. 6 June); 210 mm howitzer battery No 2 (arr. 30 May); 210 mortar batteries Nos 7, 8 (both arr. 3

4045:

8 Mixed Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini battalions: Mondovi (9-11, 114 Cos); Pieve di Teco (2, 3, 8, 107, 115 Cos); Ceva (1, 4 & 5, 98, 116 Cos); Borgo San Dalmazzo (13–15, 99, 117 Cos); Dronero (17–19, 81, 101 Cos); Saluzzo (21–23, 80, 100 Cos); Tolmezzo (6, 12, 72, 109 Cos) & Gemona

2558:

waited for more reinforcements to arrive from the Western Front. By the end of October 1918, Austro-Hungary was in a dire situation. Czechoslovakia, Croatia, and Slovenia proclaimed their independence and parts of their troops started deserting, disobeying orders and retreating. Many Czechoslovak

1390:

However, if, in the course of events, the maintenance of the status quo in the regions of the Balkans or of the Ottoman coasts and islands in the Adriatic and in the Aegean Sea should become impossible, and if, whether in consequence of the action of a third Power or otherwise, Austria-Hungary or

5638:

In Vittorio Veneto, Austria did not lose a battle, but lose the war and itself, dragging Germany in its fall. Without the destructive battle of Vittorio Veneto, we would have been able, in a military union with the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, to continue the desperate resistance through the whole

1723:

failed to form a new government amid rising social tensions and threats from the king. When Parliament resumed on May 20 Salandra secured overwhelming majorities (367 to 54 and 407 to 74) on a Bill conferring extraordinary powers upon the Government in the event of war. General mobilization was

2182:

The frequency of offensives for which the Italian soldiers partook between May 1915 and August 1917, one every three months, was higher than demanded by the armies on the Western Front. Italian discipline was also harsher, with punishments for infractions of duty of a severity not known in the

1930:

That the opportunity for a quick breakthrough was not used was partly due to the slow mobilization of the Italian army. Due to the poorly developed transport network, the provision of troops and war material could only be completed in mid-June, i.e. a month later than estimated by the military

4049:

8 Territorial Militia Alpini battalions: Val d’Eilero (209, 210 cos); Val d’ Arroscia (202, 203, 208 Cos); Val Tanaro (201, 204 cos); Valle Stura (213–215 cos); Val Maira (217–219 cos); Val Varaita (221–223 cos); Val Tagliamento (212 & 272 cos) & Val Fella (269 & 270

2150:

plain and thus cutting off the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Italian Armies in the North East of the country. The offensive began on 15 May 1916 with 15 divisions, and resulted in initial gains, but then the Italians counterattacked and pushed the Austro-Hungarians back to the Tyrol.

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to the Austro-Hungarian front and helped work on a new offensive. Meanwhile, mutinies and plummeting morale crippled the Italian Army from within. The soldiers lived in poor conditions and engaged in attack after attack that often yielded minimal or no military gain.

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named Lawine, which the Italians repulsed after two days of fighting. Austrian deserters betrayed the objectives of the upcoming offensive, which allowed the Italians to move two armies directly in the path of the Austrian prongs. The other prong, led by general

2109:. In the northern section of the front, the Italians managed to overrun Mount Batognica over Kobarid (Caporetto), which would have an important strategic value in future battles. This bloody offensive concluded in stalemate when both sides ran out of ammunition. 2402:

gas shells were fired as part of a huge artillery barrage, followed by infantry using infiltration tactics, bypassing enemy strong points and attacking on the Italian rear. At the end of the first day, the Italians had retreated 19 kilometres (12 miles) to the

2276:, December 1916 would see 10,000 soldiers on both sides killed by avalanches in the Dolomites. Numerous avalanches were caused by the Italians and Austro-Hungarians purposefully firing artillery shells on the mountainside, while others were naturally caused. 1964:

became the standard machine gun of the Italian army and a total of 309 sections had been created, with 618 guns in total; though this was an improvement it was still only half the planned number, leaving many battalions to do without. In contrast a standard

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treaties with Austria-Hungary. However, this did not happen and this became one of the reasons for Italy to break its alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1915. The mutual compensation clause was Article 7 of the 1909 and of 5 December 1912 versions of the same

2773:

to discuss how the borders of Europe should be redefined to help avoid a future European war. The talks provided little territorial gain to Italy as Wilson promised freedom to all European nationalities to form their nation-states. As a result, the

1869:

front. The transfer of the 5th Army and additional troops from the east went smoothly; within a few weeks, Archduke Eugen had around 225,000 soldiers under his command. In June the 48. Division (FML Theodor Gabriel) and finally, in July, the four

2034:

in Libya (1911–1912), the Italian military suffered equipment and munition shortages not yet repaired before Italian entry into the Great War. At the opening of the campaign, Austro-Hungarian troops occupied and fortified high ground of the

4842:

6 June 18 Light Cavalry Regiment of Piacenza arrived and was attached to X Corps; the regiment arrived with 5 squadrons ( Nos 1, 2, 4, 5& 6) with Squadron No 3 in Libya. 5 June 1 Bersagliari Cyclist Battalion left Naples to join this

1925:

A general attack on the most important penetration points, such as the Stilfser Joch, Etschtal, Valsugana, Rollepass , Kreuzbergpass, could have led to significant enemy successes in view of the extremely weak defense forces in

4832:

29 May the 3rd Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadrons Nos 5 & 6) arrived and were attached to 26th Division. 11 June, the 9th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadrons Nos 17 & 18) arrived and were attached to 29th

3143:

15 batteries of mountain artillery: Oneglia Group (batteries 23, 26 & 27); Vincenza Group (batteries 19–21); Genove Group (batteries 28 & 29); Torino Aosta Group (batteries 4–6) and Independent batteries: 1, 8, 57 &

1885:

Italy ordered general mobilization on May 22, 1915 and by the end of June four armies had marched into the north-east border area. In the deployment plan of the Italian general staff (Commando Supremo) under the direction of FM

6174:

How many of the 175,041 missing were presumed dead by 1921 is not determined. Overall 341,601 Austro-Hungarian soldiers and officers were missing and presumed dead by 1921, an unknown share of that falls onto the Italian

2578:

to the Italian commander to ask again for an armistice and terms of peace. The terms were arranged by telegraph with the Allied authorities in Paris, communicated to the Austro-Hungarian commander, and were accepted. The

2786:

to Italy as had been promised. Furthermore, the British and French decided to divide the German overseas colonies into their mandates, with Italy receiving none. Italy also gained no territory from the breakup of the

2596:

Italian military deaths numbered 834 senior officers and generals, 16,872 junior officers, 16,302 non-commissioned officers, and 497,103 enlisted men, for a total of over 531,000 dead. Of these, 257,418 men came from

2095:. Because the Austrian forces occupied higher ground, Italians conducted difficult offensives while climbing. The Italian forces therefore failed to drive much beyond the river, and the battle ended on 7 July 1915. 2609:. While the KIA numbers of Italian soldiers on the Italian front in 1915 were 66,090 killed, in 1916 this figure was 118,880 killed, in 1917 it was 152,790 killed, and in 1918 it stood at 40,250 killed soldiers. 1856:

which was suitable for operations in the high mountains, the first divisions arrived on May 26; a short time later, the Alpenkorps was already taking part in combat operations against Italian units, although the

2179:, which boosted Italian spirits. The Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth battles of the Isonzo (14 September – 4 November) managed to accomplish little except to wear down the already exhausted armies of both nations. 5282:

Klavora, Karstfront, p. 21; Hans Jürgen Pantenius, Der Angriffsgedanke gegen Italien bei Conrad von Hötzendorf. Ein Beitrag zur Koalitionskriegsführung im Ersten Weltkrieg, Bd. 1, Wien 1984, 613

1920:

either. Due to the hesitant implementation of Cadorna's attack plans, the chance to score the decisive blow right at the beginning was lost. FML Cletus Pichler, the chief of staff of the LVK Tirol, wrote:

2583:

was signed in the Villa Giusti, near Padua, on 3 November, and took effect at three o'clock in the afternoon of 4 November. Austria and Hungary signed separate armistices following the overthrow of the

5110: 1237: 2922: 2473:(steel, coal and crops – provided by the British but imported from Argentina – etc.), which Italy always lacked sorely. In the spring of 1918, Germany pulled out its troops for use in its upcoming 2554:

To the disappointment of Italy's allies, no counter-offensive followed the Battle of Piave. The Italian Army had suffered huge losses in the battle, and considered an offensive dangerous. General

1300:

and with extremely cold winters. Fighting along the front displaced much of the local population, and several thousand civilians died from malnutrition and illness in Italian and Austro-Hungarian

2123:. Both sides suffered more casualties, but the Italians conquered important entrenchments, and the battle ended on 2 December for exhaustion of armaments, but occasional skirmishing persisted. 4686:

28 May the 17th Light Cavalry Regiment of Caserta arrived and was attached to VI Corps. The regiment arrived with 5 squadrons, with 1st bis Squadron replacing 1st Squadron, which was in Libya.

5084: 4530:

11 June, 23rd squadron of mobile militia cavalry; 29 June, 21st squadron of mobile militia cavalry: both arrived & attached to V Corps. Attached: 305 mm howitzer battery 5 (arr. 1 June).

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summit between the Roncone and the Tomatico mountains; although numerically inferior (51,000 against 120,000) the Italian Army managed to halt the Austro-Hungarian and German armies in the

4596:

3 June 14 Light Cavalry Regiment of Alessandria arrived and attached to IV Corps. Also on 3 June, 2nd Group of mobile militia cavalry (Squadrons 3 & 4) arrived and attached to IV Corps.

3457:

36th Field Artillery Regiment (2 groups w 5 field batteries) 75/911 plus 3 (sic 6?) mt. batteries: 13th Mt Group (Mt batteries 37–39) & 14th Mt. Group (Mt batteries 63, 64 & 65)

1319:

disintegrated due to military defeats and subsequent turmoils caused by pacifists and separatists. All military operations on the front came to an end with the entry into force of the

8381: 3376:

Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini Battalions: Aosta (41–43 Reg Cos, 87, 103 MM Cos); Ivrea (38–40, 86, 111 Cos); Intra (7, 24, 37, 112 Cos) & Cividale (16, 20, 76, 87, 103 Cos)

2130:

on 9 March 1916, and captured the strategic Mount Sabatino. But Austria-Hungary repulsed all other attacks, and the battle concluded on 16 March in poor weather for trench warfare.

7739: 1204: 3020:

Mixed Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini battalions: Morbegno (44, 45, 47, 88, 104 Cos); Tirano (46, 48, 49, 89, 113 Cos); Edolo (50–52, 90, 105 Cos) and Vestone (53–55, 91 Cos)

7754: 1912:

Although the Italian armed forces were numerically superior, things initially remained surprisingly quiet on the southwestern front. No attempt was made to break through on the

5505: 7938: 2091:

on 23 June 1915, Italian forces outnumbered the Austrians three-to-one but failed to penetrate the strong Austro-Hungarian defensive lines in the highlands of northwestern

4623:

Table on allocation of mountain batteries (L'Esercito italiano nella grande guerra, Vol I-bis, p. 98) lists both 13th Group & 14th Group with the 36th Field Artillery.

2098:

Despite a professional officer corps, severely under-equipped Italian units lacked morale. Also many troops deeply disliked the newly appointed Italian commander, general

910: 1194: 3102:

41st Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906; 9th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment; Mobile Militia cavalry: 21st Squadron (arr. 11 June) & 23rd Squadron (arr. 29 June)

63:

Clockwise: Italian soldiers listening to their general's speech; Austro-Hungarian trench on the Isonzo; Austro-Hungarian trench in the Alps; Italian trench on the Piave

1667:

would be encouraged to join them after Italy did the same. The Treaty was agreed to be kept a secret according to Article 16, and remained so until December 1917 when

5053:, Milan 2004, pp. 49–50. Does not include 18,049 who died. Includes 89,760 recruited into various units and sent back to fight the AH army, and 12,238 who were freed. 7836: 1209: 1174: 1164: 3128:

Mixed Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini battalions: Verona (56–58, 73, 92 Cos); Vincenza (59–61, 93, 108 Cos); Bassano (77–79, 106 Cos) and Feltre (64–66, 95 Cos)

7473: 6644: 3540: 3390:

Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini Battalions: Pinerolo (25–27, 82 Cos); Susa (34–36, 85, 102 Cos); Exilles (31–33, 84 Cos) & Val Pellice (41–43, 87, 103 Cos)

2726: 2453:

Advancing deep and fast, the Austro-Hungarians outran their supply lines, which forced them to stop and regroup. The Italians, pushed back to defensive lines near

1123: 1029: 920: 4383:

8th Cavalry Brigade – 19th Light Cavalry Regiment Guide (Squadron Nos 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6) (arr. 8 June) & 28th Light Cavalry Regiment of Treviso (arr. 7 June)

4059:

6 batteries of mountain artillery: Mt batteries 13, 14, 15 & 55 (Conegliano Group); Mt battery 51 (Torino-Susa Group) & Mt battery 52 (Torino-Aosta Group)

2340:

The Italians directed a two-pronged attack against the Austrian lines north and east of Gorizia. The Austrians checked the advance east, but Italian forces under

7915: 1184: 1935:

pieces and munitions were not the only area where shortages were acute. In August 1914 the Italian army had at its disposal only 750,000 rifles of the standard

7943: 6457: 3023:

Territorial Militia Alpini battalions: Val d’Intelvi (244, 245, 247 Cos); Valtellina (246, 248, 249 Cos); Val Camonica (250-52 Cos) and Val Chiese (253-54 Cos)

2229: 1189: 823: 8376: 8131: 7858: 7550: 6515: 5114: 4430: 3059: 905: 3967:

Mixed Regular & Mobile Militia Alpini Battalions – Fenestrelle (28, 29, 30, 83 Cos); Pieve di Cadore (67, 68, 75, 96 Cos) & Belluno (77–79, 106 Cos)

2175:, launched by the Italians in August, resulted in a success greater than the previous attacks. The offensive gained nothing of strategic value but did take 8238: 2480:

The Austro-Hungarians now began debating how to finish the war in Italy. The Austro-Hungarian generals disagreed on how to administer the final offensive.

2297:

and placing explosive charges beneath the enemy's positions. Between 1 January 1916 and 13 March 1918, Austro-Hungarian and Italian units fired a total of

1159: 2249:. In order to protect their soldiers from enemy fire and the hostile alpine environment, both Austro-Hungarian and Italian military engineers constructed 8146: 7901: 1179: 953: 8141: 7831: 7782: 7697: 3594:

1st Cavalry Brigade – 13th Light Cavalry Regiment of Monferrato (-) (4 squadrons) (arr. 10 May) & 20th Light Cavalry Regiment of Rome (arr. 10 May)

7985: 2105:

Two weeks later on 18 July 1915, the Italians attempted another frontal assault against the Austro-Hungarian trench lines with more artillery in the

659: 5773: 5088: 3379:

Territorial Militia Alpini battalions: Val Natisone (216, 220 Cos); Val Orco (238, 239 Cos); Val Baltea (241, 242 Cos) & Val Toce (207, 243 Cos)

3131:

Territorial Militia Alpini battalions: Val d’Adige (256–258 Cos); Val Leogra (259, 260 Cos); Val Brenta (262, 263 Cos) and Val Cismon (264, 265 Cos)

4852:

5 June the Royal Piemonte Cavalry Regiment (-) (Squadrons Nos 3, 4 & 5) joined XIII Corps; the other two squadrons were attached to XIV Corps.

7826: 7191: 6071:

Les armées françaises dans la Grande guerre. Tome X. 1er Volume. Ordres de bataille des grandes unités - Groupes D'Armées, Armées, Corps d'Armées

4199: 3003:

42nd Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906; 15th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment; 5th Group of mobile militia cavalry (9th & 10th Squadrons)

8371: 5880: 6622: 6684: 3134:

V, VII, IX, XVII & XVIII Battalions, Royal Customs Guards (Coastal) (Reale Guardia di Finanza di costieri) with Autonomous Cos. 11 and 52

2477:

on the Western Front. As a result of the Spring Offensive, Britain and France also pulled half of their divisions back to the Western Front.

915: 4659:

The 70 mm pack mountain gun (model 70/15) was introduced in 1904. The gun could be broken down into 4 pieces for transport by pack animals.

7886: 7816: 7455: 6674: 6585: 2559:

troops, in fact, started working for the Allied Cause, and in September 1918, five Czechoslovak Regiments were formed in the Italian Army.

895: 4722:

10 June 29 Light Cavalry Regiment of Udine arrived and was attached to VII Corps. Also attached: 310 mm howitzer battery 6 (arr. 10 July)

7910: 6808: 6262: 5727: 4641:

The 149 A cannon was a 149 mm cannon (model 149/35 A) with a steel barrel first manufactured in 1900 to replace the older 149 G (149/23).

4578:

Under command of the Presidio of the Verona Fortress (together with five batteries of 87 B, 1 battery of 149 G. & 2 batteries of 57)

2461:, had suffered 600,000 casualties to this point in the war. Because of these losses, the Italian Government called to arms the so-called 1973:"Schwarzlose", one for each battalion, whilst a standard British regiment had by February 1915 four machine gun sections per battalion. 1640: 567: 438: 332: 230: 17: 5137: 3970:

Territorial Militia Alpini Battalions – Val Chisone (228–230 Cos); Val Piave (267 & 268 Cos) & Val Cordevole (206 & 266 Cos)

6485: 5759: 866: 4361:

5th Cavalry Brigade – 12th Light Cavalry Regiment of Saluzzo (arr. 7 June) & 24th Light Cavalry Regiment of Vincinza (arr. 20 May)

6815: 5513: 2159: 1789:. This area is also sparsely populated and characterized by a harsh climate with cold winters and very hot and dry summers. A craggy 4337:

47th Field Artillery Regiment (5 batteries) plus 3 batteries of 27th & 2 batteries of 19th Field Artillery Regiments; all 75/906

2441: 2116:, another attack. Forces of Austria-Hungary repulsed this Italian offensive, which concluded on 4 November without resulting gains. 6467: 2298: 2209: 849: 8136: 8366: 8068: 7906: 7893: 7850: 7759: 7485: 7294: 7201: 7103: 6861: 6508: 4521:

The heavy field artillery batteries were armed with Krupp 149/12 howitzers, which were essentially Krupp 15 cm M. 1913 howitzers.

4476:

comprising (1) 23rd Division, 24th Division, (2) 46th Division, 47th Division and (3) 64th Division, 65th Division respectively.

946: 900: 505: 2057: 8260: 8250: 8118: 3754:

3rd Cavalry Brigade – 7th Lancer Regiment of Milano (arr. 16 May) & 10th Lancer Regiment of Victor Emanuel II (arr. 21 May)

2792: 116: 4888:

5 June Squadron Nos 1 & 2 of Royal Piemonte Cavalry Regiment joined XIV Corps; the rest of the regiment joined XIII Corps.

4677:

On 26 May His Royal Highness assumed command of the 3rd Army, which from 24 to 26 May was held temporarily by General Garioni.

8386: 8032: 7966: 7803: 7682: 7355: 6381: 6237: 6099: 5806: 5625: 5455:

The book includes: – A detailed overview of the Italian Campaign and its battles. – Notes on the Divisions engaged in Italy.

5448: 5423: 740: 652: 6074:. Ministère De la Guerre, Etat-Major de l'Armée - Service Historique (in French) (1st ed.). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale 8361: 8207: 7627: 6419: 2749: 1809: 782: 596: 7978: 6937: 6442: 4435: 2484:

decided for a two-pronged offensive, where it would prove impossible for the two forces to communicate in the mountains.

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on 4 November 1918. Italy entered into World War I also with the aim of completing national unity with the annexation of

818: 362: 337: 8192: 5943:

based on Official Documents by Direction of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Maps in rear cover folder. London: HMSO.

4814:

mortar batteries Nos 1, 2 (24 May both at Spilimbergo), 3 (29 May at Chiusaforte), 4 (24 May at Spilimbergo), 5 & 6.

3729:

35th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 28–30 May); 4th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment (not arrived by 24 May)

8177: 7467: 6876: 6634: 5916: 4861:

3 June, the 10th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadron Nos 19 & 20) arrived and were attached to 25th Division.

2321:. In April 1916, the Italians detonated explosives under the peaks of Col Di Lana, killing numerous Austro-Hungarians. 1940:

be found in preparation for war, by May 1915 the army had only succeeded in procuring 900 rounds per rifle. Meanwhile,

1332: 939: 871: 4897:

30 June, the 7th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadron Nos 13 & 14) arrived and was attached to 28th Division.

4870:

1 June, the 6th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadron Nos 11 & 12) arrived and were attached to 30th Division.

8052: 7746: 7562: 6841: 6312: 6047: 5993: 5897: 5864: 5600: 5569: 5544: 5344: 5147: 4614:

4 June 15 Light Cavalry Regiment of Lodi (Squadrons 2–6) arrived and attached to XII Corps. Squadron 1 was in Libya.

3743:

15th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 28 May); 3rd Co, 1st Sapper Regiment (not arrived by 24 May)

2481: 2022: 1344: 31: 4364:

6th Cavalry Brigade – 3rd Cavalry Regiment Savoia (arr 6 June) & 8th Lancer Regiment of Montebello (arr. 3 June)

3757:

4th Cavalry Brigade – 6th Lancer Regiment of Aosta (arr. 9 June) & 25th Lancer Regiment of Mantova (arr. 30 May)

3740:"Ferrara" Brigade (not arrived by 24 May) – 47th (II, III, IV; 9 cos only) & 48th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 3597:

2nd Cavalry Brigade – 4th Cavalry Regiment of Genova (arr. 10 May) & 5th Lancer Regiment of Novara (arr. 12 May)

1900:

The 2nd and 3rd Armies on the other hand, were opposed to the 5th k.u.k. Army, in the Julian Alps and on the Isonzo.

8391: 7304: 7239: 6277: 6015: 4380:

4th Cavalry Brigade – 1st Cavalry Regiment Nizza (arr. 5 June) & 26th Lancer Regiment of Vercelli (arr. 5 June)

2488: 2436: 1119: 645: 4879:

12 June, the 8th Group of Mobile Militia cavalry (Squadron Nos 15 & 16) arrived and attached to 31st Division.

8303: 8108: 8088: 7875: 7811: 7634: 7503: 6414: 6334: 6272: 2791:. Despite this, Orlando agreed to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which caused uproar against his government. The 2214: 1841: 1555:

is appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and makes it a priority to pressure Austria-Hungary on Article 7 of the

1102: 777: 682: 50: 6975: 2800: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8083: 7777: 6429: 6404: 6302: 5697: 5679: 5032: 2763: 789: 767: 111: 3904:

20th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 11th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment; 14th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3737:"Brescia" Brigade (not arrived by 24 May) – 19th (I, II, IV; 9 cos only) & 20th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 1861:

was not officially at war with Italy until August 28, 1916. The "Armeegruppe Rohr" stood under the command of

1837: 386: 8078: 8073: 8037: 7971: 7863: 7709: 7299: 7151: 6689: 6617: 6548: 6317: 6287: 6282: 6144:

Exact figures missing in von Horstenau's work for the year 1916 are provided for August in Wilfried Thanner,

5314:

Wilcox, Vanda, Morale and the Italian Army during the First World War, Cambridge University Press, 2016 p. 95

5292:

Wilcox, Vanda, Morale and the Italian Army during the First World War, Cambridge University Press, 2016 p. 95

2874: 2371: 2352: 2062: 1961: 1129: 1087: 1025: 3726:"Pisa" Brigade (not arrived by 24 May) – 29th (II-IV; 9 cos only) & 30th (I, III, IV) Infantry Regiments 2690: 8027: 7654: 7594: 7491: 7396: 7166: 6952: 6656: 6495: 6394: 4386:

4th Group Horse Artillery (Horse Artillery batteries 7 & 8) 75/912 (left Milano 4 June for Portogruaro)

3489:

2 groups of 2 batteries of 149 A cannon (149 A batteries 1, 7, 11 & 12) (for the "first bound forward")

2500:

initially experienced success until aircraft bombed their supply lines and Italian reinforcements arrived.

2419: 1828:

on May 22, 1915 and was given supreme command of the new southwest front. Together with his chief of staff

1612: 1491:, in a dispatch from April 1914, Pollio was considered the utmost stable, loyal and fully committed to the 1139: 1107: 1045: 883: 876: 757: 469: 203: 5169: 1584: 1403:: The war is regarded as a major escalation stage on the way to the First World War. The weakening of the 8265: 7702: 7687: 7545: 7497: 7269: 6820: 6694: 6607: 6602: 6359: 6354: 5967: 2881: 2356: 2120: 2106: 1785:, the mountains are constantly losing on height and only rarely reach 1,000 meters as in the area around 1624: 1452: 1293: 1050: 1008: 993: 694: 689: 6881: 4587:

2 June, 1st Group of mobile militia cavalry (Squadrons 1 & 2) arrived and attached to 32nd Division.

4539:

4 June, 4th Group of mobile militia cavalry (Squadrons 7 & 8) arrived and attached to 15th Division.

2840:("The Leader"), and he used black-shirted paramilitary in his assault on Fiume. The leadership title of 1411:

viewed the Ottomans as an ally and Austria-Hungary's position was further complicated by the subsequent

8245: 8202: 7479: 7244: 7229: 7131: 7000: 6568: 6480: 6437: 6195: 4650:

The 149 G cannon was a 149 mm cannon (model 149/23) with a cast iron barrel first manufactured in 1882.

3748:

2nd Cavalry Division (or Detachment of San Giorgio di Nogaro) (Lieutenant General Giovanni Vercellana)

2192: 2172: 2127: 2113: 2088: 1853: 1833: 1072: 1055: 1020: 1003: 983: 861: 796: 1882:

were added. A major advantage of the Austro-Hungarian defense was its entrenchment on higher ground.

1297: 8187: 7955: 7539: 7527: 7289: 7274: 6995: 6886: 6580: 6558: 6307: 6297: 6230: 6185: 6087: 5662: 5411: 5219:

Helmut Peter, Das Wesen des Hochgebirgskrieges 1915–1917/1918. phil. Dipl., Wien 1997 (masch.), p. 6.

4991: 4758:

1st bis Co replaced 1st Co which was in the colonies; one battalion detached to 2nd Cavalry Division.

3492:

1 group of 3 batteries of 149 G cannon (149 G batteries 5, 6 & 7) (for the "first bound forward")

3362: 3356: 2971:

27th Field Artillery Regiment (-) (5 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 7–13 June); 10th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

2745: 2633: 2549: 2528: 2524: 2508: 2317:

with 4 mines. The explosive charges ranged from 110 to 50,000 kilograms (240–110,230 pounds) of

1904: 1821: 1568: 1320: 1169: 1144: 106: 7141: 3434:"Aosta" Brigade – 5th Infantry Regiment (II-IV; 9 cos only) &6th (I, III, IV) Infantry Regiments 8162: 7649: 7639: 7568: 7521: 7509: 7449: 7264: 7259: 7181: 6590: 6563: 6267: 5940: 4473: 4465: 4399:"Trappani" Brigade – 144th Infantry Regiment (I, II, III; 9 cos only) & 149th Infantry Regiment 3987: 3347: 3119: 3110: 3011: 2914: 2796: 2756: 2694: 2285: 2205: 1879: 1849: 1082: 1035: 988: 486: 216: 4098:"Friuli" Brigade – 87th (I bis, II bis, III bis; 9 cos only) & 88th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 373: 8233: 8225: 8167: 7927: 7622: 7385: 7219: 7214: 7146: 7005: 6990: 6985: 6965: 6846: 6723: 6152:

and for the time period 15 May – 31 July 1916, from k.u.k. official reports, in Gianni Pieropan,

6149: 4367:

3rd Group Horse Artillery (Horse Artillery batteries 5 & 6) 75/912 (29 May at Ponte di Piave)

4326:

45th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 9–12 June); 21st Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

4118:

37th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 31 May); Special Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

2718: 2532: 2474: 2112:

The Italians recuperated, rearmed with 1200 heavy guns, and then on 18 October 1915 launched the

1970: 1829: 1636: 1265: 7186: 5909:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015

4176:

34th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 5–6 June); 10th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3393:

Territorial Militia Alpini Battalions: Val Cenischia (234, 235 Cos) &Val Dora (231, 232 Cos)

2852:. The demand for the Italian annexation of Fiume spread to all sides of the political spectrum. 8000: 7724: 7659: 7515: 7249: 7176: 7126: 7111: 7093: 7066: 6980: 6947: 6612: 6573: 6553: 6364: 6257: 4228:

39th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 13 June); 18th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

2827: 2742: 2580: 2536: 1703:. May 13, threatened without a majority in Parliament Salandra resignes from office and orders 1692: 1564: 1556: 1540: 1520: 1492: 1381: 699: 6069: 5734: 4312:

38th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 8 June); 20th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

4170:"Savona" Brigade – 15th (I-III) & 16th (II bis, IV & V; only 9 cos) Infantry Regiments 3460:

3rd Group, 10th Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 6, 7 & 8); 4th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

2713: 2562:

By October 1918, Italy finally had enough soldiers to mount an offensive. The attack targeted

349: 7990: 7644: 7533: 7309: 7279: 7209: 7156: 7078: 7046: 7020: 6970: 6901: 6803: 6756: 6540: 6409: 6292: 5336: 5329: 5182:

Krieg um die Alpen: Der Erste Weltkrieg im Alpenraum und der bayerische Grenzschutz in Tirol.

4104:

32nd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 29 May); 8th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3945:

13th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 31 May); 5th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3691:

18th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 28 May); 7th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

2856: 2081: 2052: 1994: 1966: 1814: 1676: 1644: 1428: 1199: 762: 584: 454: 344: 244: 171: 5971: 5467: 5020: 3495:

2 groups of 4 batteries of pack 70 A cannon. (pack batteries 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 20)

3368:

Mondavi Group Mountain Artillery (Mt batteries 10, 11, 12, 54); 17th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

2138:

Following Italy's stalemate, the Austro-Hungarian forces began planning a counteroffensive (

1931:

leadership. The Italian army also suffered from many shortcomings on the structural level.

1769:

The front touched very different geographical areas: in the first three sections - from the

1560: 8340: 8255: 6942: 6916: 6866: 6223: 6061: 5930: 5926: 3454:"Piemonte" Brigade – 3rd (II, III, IV; 9 cos only) & 4th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 2775: 2770: 2375: 2188: 2092: 1862: 1688: 1484: 1336: 1134: 6891: 4713:

The 2nd Group of this regiment (batteries 4 & 5) was assigned to 1st Cavalry Division.

2497: 1620: 1479:, the Chief of Staff of the Italian army since 1908, dies unexpectedly and is replaced by 1039: 8: 8322: 7461: 7325: 7284: 7161: 7121: 7116: 7061: 6744: 6738: 6639: 6132: 5963:(= Innsbrucker Forschungen zur Zeitgeschichte, Band 12), Vienna/Innsbruck 1995, pp. 27–60 2889: 2831: 2722: 2410:

When the Austro-Hungarian offensive routed the Italians, the new Italian chief of staff,

2383: 2334: 2273: 1664: 1416: 1369: 1340: 1335:, in a historiographical perspective that identifies in the latter the conclusion of the 1324: 1092: 1060: 835: 425: 8275: 5592: 5586: 4017:

5th & 6th Groups, 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 11, 12, 13 & 14)

2574:

On 3 November, the military leaders of the already disintegrated Austria-Hungary sent a

2345: 8282: 8197: 7556: 7420: 7402: 7367: 7331: 7171: 7136: 7088: 7073: 6960: 6911: 6750: 6709: 6389: 5874: 4469: 3884:"Como" Brigade – 23rd (I, IV & V; 9 cos only) & 24th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3864:"Parma" Brigade – 49th (I-III) &50th (I, IV & V; 9 cos only) Infantry Regiments 2991: 2759: 2752: 2470: 2367: 2363: 2254: 1866: 1755: 1660: 1516: 1377: 1097: 978: 752: 5005:

Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920

4485:

Roman numerals indicate battalion numbers; missing numbers were with the Colonial Army

3723:

The Queen's ("Regina") Brigade (not arrived by 24 May) – 9th Infantry Regiment (I-III)

3431:"Verona" Brigade – 85th (I-III) & 86th (I, III, IV; 9 cos only) Infantry Regiments 3026:

III Battalion, Royal Customs Guards (Frontier) (Reale Guardia di Finanza di frontiers)

1331:: for this reason, the Italian intervention in the World War I is also considered the 8315: 8309: 8270: 8172: 8005: 7588: 7443: 7426: 7234: 7056: 7036: 6871: 6856: 6786: 6774: 6475: 6452: 6399: 6095: 6043: 6039: 6011: 5989: 5944: 5912: 5893: 5860: 5802: 5753: 5651:

Ministry of War and later Ministry of Defence: Albo d’Oro , 28 vols., Rome 1926–1964.

5639:

winter, in order to obtain a less harsh peace, because the Allies were very fatigued.

5621: 5596: 5565: 5540: 5444: 5419: 5340: 5143: 4979: 4776:

The Brigade headquarters and 10th Infantry Regiment detached to 2nd Cavalry Division.

3404:

5th Bersaglieri Regiment (Btns 14, 22 bis, 24) with 5th Bersaglieri Cyclist Battalion

2952: 2897: 2865: 2585: 2404: 2280: 2031: 1952: 1759: 1720: 1580: 1508: 1460: 1459:

Austria-Hungary into a tripartite state Austria-Hungary-Croatia, which competed with

1424: 1420: 1400: 1273: 1249: 1077: 998: 856: 808: 747: 704: 121: 5934: 3451:"Napoli" Brigade – 75th (I, II, IV; 9 cos only) &76th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 1875: 1655:

on the other, in order to entice the latter to enter World War I on the side of the

7373: 7343: 7337: 7254: 7083: 7051: 7041: 6780: 6704: 6699: 6627: 6447: 6347: 5633: 4992:"War Losses (Italy) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)" 4089: 3714: 3656: 3088:

19th Field Artillery Regiment (-) (6 batteries) 75/906; 1st Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

2863:

to Italy. Italy's lack of territorial gain led to the outcome being denounced as a

2849: 2613: 2294: 2246: 2139: 1716: 1652: 1604: 1536: 1532: 1512: 1307:

Military operations came to an end in 1918 with Italian victory and the capture of

1269: 1257: 1228: 840: 828: 813: 801: 726: 721: 548: 419: 321: 310: 188: 183: 4767:

2 June 11 Light Cavalry Regiment of Foggia arrived and was attached to this corps.

1750:(at the border triangle between Italy, Austria-Hungary and Switzerland) along the 8182: 8022: 7361: 6921: 6896: 6595: 6503: 6342: 5796: 4144: 3942:"Torino" Brigade – 81st (I-III) & 82nd (IV-VI; 9 cos only) Infantry Regiments 2941: 2877: 2845: 2734: 2563: 2543: 2164: 1913: 1845: 1801:

the porous surface fragments of the exploding rock acted as additional shrapnel.

1751: 1700: 1523:, since he foresaw that consent would only be given in exchange for compensation. 1444: 1373: 1316: 1261: 1241: 890: 731: 716: 608: 518: 381: 368: 357: 283: 4548:

Five batteries arrived on 26 May; the other two batteries assigned to XIV Corps.

4420:

4 squadrons aeroplanes (Nos. 4th Bleriot, 5th Newport, 9th & 10th H. Farman)

4214:

46th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 15th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

4173:"Cagliari" Brigade – 63rd (I, II & IV) & 64th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3339:

40th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906; 14th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3270:

48th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906; 13th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3074:

29th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 12th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

2985:

16th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 11th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

1576: 8015: 7995: 7666: 7379: 7224: 7015: 6906: 6762: 6666: 6649: 3959:

33rd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911; 8th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3586:

30th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 7th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3311:

21st Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911; 1st Co, 1st Sapper Regiment

3256:

26th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 3rd Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3242:

23rd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906; 2nd Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment

3219: 2788: 2766: 2606: 2598: 2360: 2290: 2258: 2250: 1941: 1672: 1656: 1648: 1616: 1608: 1552: 1476: 1404: 1365: 1289: 398: 266: 90: 4286:"Caltanissetta" Brigade – 147th (I-III) & 148th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2968:"Palermo" Brigade – 67th (I-III) and 68th (I, III & IV) Infantry Regiments 2370:

of July 1917 failed. Also arrived German troops from Romanian front after the

1871: 8355: 8126: 7414: 7408: 6851: 6768: 6679: 4277: 3855: 2959: 2893: 2602: 2341: 2318: 2262: 2099: 2077: 2040: 1887: 1858: 1825: 1704: 1696: 1480: 1456: 1408: 1256:. It involved a series of military engagements along the border between the 627: 532: 500: 393: 315: 296: 257: 4695:

The other squadron of this regiment was attached to the Carnia Zone command.

4225:"Alessandria" Brigade – 155th (I-III) & 156th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3563:

14th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (3 batteries arr. 27 May)

3560:

The King's ("Re") Brigade – 1st (I-III) & 2nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments

2503: 1264:

from 1915 to 1918. Following secret promises made by the Allies in the 1915

58: 7576: 7010: 6209: 5948: 4101:"Cremona" Brigade – 21st (I-III) & 22nd (I, III, IV) Infantry Regiments 3996:

1st Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (2 batteries arr. 26 May)

3685:"Pinerolo" Brigade – 13th (I-III) & 14th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 3668:

Sardinia Grenadiers – 1st (I, II, IV) & 2nd (I-III) Grenadier Regiments

3557:"Pistoia" Brigade – 35th (I, III, IV) & 36th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3322:"Salerno" Brigade – 89th (I, III, IV) & 90th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3236:"Ravenna" Brigade – 37th (I, III, IV) & 38th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2896:

in the aftermath of World War I. Italy also gained a permanent seat in the

2812: 2804: 2674: 2661: 2653: 2555: 2415: 2414:

ordered to stop their retreat and defend the fortified defenses around the

2411: 2351:

The Austro-Hungarians received desperately needed reinforcements after the

2219: 1797:

valley, which adjoins the Italian foothills of the Alps in the southwest.

1782: 1770: 1747: 1328: 1301: 326: 86: 4823:

30 May the 2nd Bersagliari Cyclist Battalion left Rome to join this corps.

4323:"Catanzaro" Brigade – 141st (I-III) & 142nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4309:"Campagnia" Brigade – 135th (I-III) & 136th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4306:"Benevento" Brigade – 133rd (I-III) & 134th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4156:"Palermo" Brigade – 39th (I-III) & 40th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 2965:"Cuneo" Brigade – 7th (I, III & IV) and 8th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2834:

in September 1919. His popularity among nationalists led him to be called

2301:

in this theatre of the war. Focal points of the underground fighting were

2234: 1987: 637: 7787: 7692: 7390: 6825: 6246: 6003: 5981: 4239:"Barletta" Brigade – 137th (I-III) & 138th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4222:"Piacenza" Brigade – 159th (I-III) & 160th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4208:"Macerata" Brigade – 121st (I-III) & 122nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4153:"Siena" Brigade – 31st (I, III, IV) & 32nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3867:"Basilicata" Brigade – 91st (I-III) & 92nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3772:

1st Group of Horse Artillery (Horse Artillery batteries 1 & 2) 75/912

3699:

2nd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (not arrived by 24 May)

3688:"Acqui" Brigade – 17th (I, III, IV) & 18th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3609:

2nd Group of Horse Artillery (Horse Artillery batteries 1 & 2) 75/912

3319:"Modena" Brigade – 41st (I-III) & 42nd (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 3308:"Valtellina" Brigade – 65th (I-III) & 66th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3284:

6th Group, 1st Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (13th & 14th batteries)

3239:"Forli Brigade" – 43rd (I-III) & 44th (I, III, IV) Infantry Regiments 2907: 2641: 2624: 2515: 2492: 2458: 2446: 2310: 2266: 2036: 1774: 1504: 1464: 1412: 1285: 1253: 772: 670: 4906:

3 June 4 Bersagliari Cyclist Battalion left Turin to join this division.

4289:"Catania" Brigade – 145th (I-III) & 146th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4211:"Sassari" Brigade – 151st (I-III) & 152nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4112:"Perugia" Brigade – 129th (I-III) & 130th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3333:"Liguria" Brigade – 157th (I-III) & 158th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3267:"Firenza" Brigade – 127th (I-III) & 128th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3253:"Lombardia" Brigade – 73rd (I-III) & 74th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2644:

landed from the sea in Trieste. The following day the Istrian cities of

2005: 1894:

The 1st Army was to encircle the Tyrolean front from the west and south.

4396:"Padova" Brigade – 117th (I-III) & 118th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 4236:"Chieti" Brigade – 123rd (I-III) & 124th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3956:"Calabria" Brigade – 59th (I-III) & 60th (II-IV) Infantry Regiments 3844: 3629:

2nd Group, 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (4th & 5th batteries)

3410:

4th Group, 1st Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 8, 9 & 10)

3336:"Emilia" Brigade – 119th (I-III) & 120th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3264:"Spezia" Brigade – 125th (I-III) & 126th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3177:

3rd Group, 1st Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (6th & 7th batteries)

3085:"Abruzzi" Brigade—57th (I, III, IV) and 58th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3038:

2nd Group, 1st Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (4th & 5th batteries)

2575: 2399: 2043:, but the Italians initially outnumbered their opponents three-to-one. 1668: 5486: 5273:

Cletus Pichler, Der Krieg in Tirol 1915/1916, Innsbruck 1924, p. 33 f.

4115:"Lazio" Brigade – 131st (I-III) & 132nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3834:

5 squadrons of aeroplanes (Nos 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 13th & 14th Bleriot)

3807:

1st Group, 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (1, 2 & 3 batteries)

3474:

4th Group, 2d Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 8, 9 & 10)

3305:"Bergamo" Brigade – 25th (I-III) & 26th (II-IV) Infantry Regiments 3250:"Livorno" Brigade – 33rd (I-III) & 34th (IV-VI) Infantry Regiments 3082:"Venezia" Brigade—83rd (I-III) and 84th (I, II, IV) Infantry Regiments 2903: 2844:

and the blackshirt paramilitary uniform would later be adopted by the

2682: 2329: 2269:, required extreme skill of both Austro-Hungarian and Italian miners. 2187:

the same line of thought for the Austro-Hungarians. On 25 August, the

1583:

was replaced on January 13, 1915 as Foreign Minister by the Hungarian

1407:

alienated Italy from its previous partners in the Triple Alliance, as

7582: 7349: 4445: 4320:"Bari" Brigade – 139th (I-III) & 140th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3939:"Reggio" Brigade – 45th (I-III) & 46th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3901:"Ancona" Brigade – 69th (I-III) & 70th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3898:"Marche" Brigade – 55th (I-III) & 56th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3887:"Umbria" Brigade – 53rd (I-III) & 54th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3580:"Casale" Brigade – 11th (I-III) & 12th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3068:"Roma" Brigade—79th (II, III, IV) and 80th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2997:"Milano" Brigade – 159th (I-III) and 160th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2698: 2619: 2314: 2242: 2171:

Later in 1916, four more battles along the Isonzo river erupted. The

1977: 1956: 1932: 1588: 1451:. The Archduke was heir to the throne and the main representative of 1151: 150: 4704:

A Krupp 75 mm cannon designed for horse artillery (75/27 mod. 1912).

3873:

2 batteries of 70 A. pack (pack batteries 6 & 13) (arr. 20 June)

3870:

25th Field Artillery Regiment (-) (5 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 1 June)

3804:

X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV Battalions, Royal Customs Guards (Coastal)

3583:"Pavia" Brigade – 27th (I-III) & 28th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3171:"Mantova" Brigade—113th (I-III) and 114th Infantry (I-III) Regiments 3099:"Treviso" Brigade—115th (I-III) and 116th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2982:"Sicilia" Brigade – 61st (I-III) and 62nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2979:"Toscana" Brigade – 77th (I-III) and 78th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 7842: 5441:

The award of the Military Medal for the campaign in Italy 1917-1918

4632:

1st Group was with 23rd Division; 3rd Group was with 24th Division.

4129:

7th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) (arr. Early June) 75/911

3953:"Alpi" Brigade – 51st (I-III) & 52nd (II-IV) Infantry Regiments 3775:

3rd Group, 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 6 & 7)

3671:

31st Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) (not arrived by 24 May)

3566:

1 group of 3 batteries of 70 A. pack (pack batteries 2, 7 & 14)

2816: 2779: 2391: 2306: 2147: 1824:, who was already in command of the Balkan forces, was promoted to 1778: 1592: 1572: 1448: 1281: 1277: 475: 4259:

44th Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 8–9 June)

4184:

12th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 6–9 June)

4159:

24th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 5–9 June)

3976:

Belluno Group of Mt. Artillery (Mt batteries 22, 23, 24, & 58)

3096:"Ivrea" Brigade—161st (I-III) and 162nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3000:"Novara" Brigade—153rd I-III) and 154th (I-III) Infantry Regiments 2382:

On 24 October 1917 the Austro-Hungarians and Germans launched the

2119:

The Italians again launched another offensive on 10 November, the

1519:

of the intended action against Serbia, breeching Article 7 of the

4292:

49th Field Artillery Regiment (5 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 12 June)

3440:

1st Group, 10th Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 1, 2 & 3)

3071:"Pugile" Brigade—71st (II-IV) and 72nd (I-III) Infantry Regiments 3029:

27th Light Cavalry Regiment of Aquila (4 squadrons) (arr. 20 May)

2930: 2836: 2783: 2657: 2649: 2645: 2520: 2395: 2387: 2302: 2223: 2176: 2073: 1946:

throughout 1915 hand-grenades remained unheard of in the trenches

1936: 1786: 1559:

in terms of compensation. Also urged by the ambassadors in Rome,

1312: 146: 142: 5246:

Rauchensteiner, Doppeladler; S. 244, Etschmann, Südfront, p. 27.

5228:

Jordan, Krieg, p. 88; Schaumann/Schubert, Süd-West-Front, S. 21.

4439: 4245:

25th Field Artillery Regiment (3 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 1 June)

4242:

43rd Field Artillery Regiment (6 batteries) 75/906 (arr. 2 June)

4167:

20th Division (Lieutenant General Eduardo Coardi di Carpenetto)

3468:

10th bis Bersaglieri Regiment (Btns 16 bis, 34 bis & 35 bis)

2826:

Furious over the peace settlement, the Italian nationalist poet

2069: 1836:

was reorganized and placed under the command of General d. Inf.

1567:, Berchtold gave in and on January 9, 1915 suggested to Emperor 931: 5468:"Liste précise régiments [parmi 6 divisions] en Italie" 3786:

9th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 (arr. 30 May)

2808: 2669: 2629: 2567: 2454: 2430: 2143: 2012: 1917: 1794: 1763: 1308: 138: 6215: 3471:

2nd Group, 10th Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 4 & 5)

3382:

Bergamo Group Mountain Artillery (Mt batteries 31, 32, 33, 61)

2566:, across the Piave. The Italian Army broke through a gap near 2544:

The decisive Battle of Vittorio Veneto (October–November 1918)

2283:

and covered supply routes for their soldiers like the Italian

1591:

and its coalfields to Austria-Hungary in compenastion for the

8010: 6092:

The White War: Life and Death on the Italian Front, 1915–1919

5890:

The Forgotten Front: The British Campaign in Italy, 1917–1918

5416:

The White War: Life and Death on the Italian Front, 1915–1919

4256:

49th, 50th & 52nd Bersaglieri Battalions (mobile militia)

4053:

VIII, XIX & XX Battalions, Royal Customs Guards (Coastal)

3612:

2nd Group, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment (batteries 4 & 5)

3079:

15th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General Luigi Lenchantin)

2860: 2820: 2702: 2686: 2665: 1790: 1623:

on March 22 marks a major setback for Austria-Hungary on the

5085:"Il 1861 e le quattro Guerre per l'Indipendenza (1848-1918)" 4668:

Attached for the "first bound forward": 149 G batteries 1–4.

4303:

27th Division (Lieutenant General Guglielmo Pecori Giraldi)

3861:

1st Division (Lieutenant General Alfonso Pettiti di Roreto)

3810:

1 group of 4 batteries of 149 G cannon (149 G batteries 1–4)

2705:

by the III Corps of the First Army with 20–22,000 soldiers.

1897:

The 4th Army was to set up position in the Cadore and Carnia

3973:

Torino-Susa Group of Mt. Artillery (Mt batteries 2 & 3)

3569:

1st Group, 1st Heavy Artillery Regiment (byts 1, 2 & 3)

3344:

Bersaglieri Division (Lieutenant General Alessandro Raspi)

3125:

41st, 42nd and 48th Bersaglieri Battalions (mobile militia)

3065:

9th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General Ferruccio Ferri)

2678: 1488: 4376:

source: Lieutenant General Alessandro Malingri di Bagnolo

3979:

Como Group of Mt. Artillery (Mt batteries 34, 35 & 36)

3530:

3 squadrons of aeroplanes (Nos 6th, 7th & 8th Newport)

3396:

Pinerola Group Mountain Artillery (Mt batteries 7 & 9)

2830:

led disaffected war veterans and nationalists to form the

8382:

Military history of the United Kingdom during World War I

5072:

La città di legno: profughi trentini in Austria 1915–1918

4804:

The other three batteries were assigned to 31st Division.

3591:

1st Cavalry Division (Lieutenant General Nicola Pirozzi)

3093:

34th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General Pasquale Oro)

5537:

Italian foreign policy in the interwar period, 1918–1940

5382: 5380: 5210:

Styria, Graz/Vienna/Cologne 1963, volume 2: pp. 705-717.

5139:

Il Manuale di Storia in Italia, di Piergiovanni Genovesi

4233:

31st Division (Lieutenant General Annibale Gastaldello)

4014:

1 regiment of mobile territorial infantry (3 battalions)

3881:

2nd Division (Lieutenant General Saverio Nasalli Rocca)

1997:

and Asiago offensive. In blue, initial Italian conquests

1852:

to protect the Tyrolean borders. It included the German

1575:. However, the Emperor and the Hungarian Prime Minister 1272:

entered the war on the Allied side, aiming to annex the

5506:"From the website of the museum of the war on Adamello" 5322: 5320: 5037:

International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)

3116:

4th Bersaglieri Regiment (Btns 26 bis, 29 & 31 bis)

2976:

6th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General Oscar Roffi)

1679:

and the Entente, including the secret treaty of London.

5911:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. 3895:

10th Division (Lieutenant General Giovanni Scrivante)

3734:

22nd Division (Lieutenant General Vittorio Signorile)

3261:

32nd Division (Lieutenant General Alberto Piacentini)

2289:, both sides also attempted to break the stalemate of 1511:

deliberately failed to inform the (officially) allies

6193: 6165:

150,812 soldiers and 4,538 officers killed in action.

6027:

La Salute pubblica in Italia durante e dopo la Guerra

5392: 5377: 5365: 5353: 5208:

Leopold Graf Berchtold. Grand seigneur and statesman.

5195:

Leopold Graf Berchtold. Grand seigneur and statesman.

4749:

1st bis Co replaced 1st Co which was in the colonies.

4569:

Under command of the Presidio of the Verona Fortress.

4431:

Austro-Hungarian fortifications on the Italian border

4317:

28th Division (Lieutenant General Giuseppe Queirolo)

4109:

29th Division (Lieutenant General Fortunato Marazzi)

4062:

2 batteries of 70 A. pack (pack batteries 3 & 15)

4056:

1 squadron, 13th Light Cavalry Regiment of Monferrato

3626:

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (-) (6 batteries) 75/911

3298:

source: Lieutenant General Mario Nicolis de Robilant

2324: 1376:

in exchange for its recognition of the annexation of

6146:

Analyse des Stellungskrieges am Isonzo von 1915–1917

5966: 5892:. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. 5857:

Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik

5317: 5111:"La Grande Guerra nei manifesti italiani dell'epoca" 5064:

Slovene refugees in Italy during the First World War

5016: 4219:

30th Division (Lieutenant General Arcangelo Scotti)

4150:

19th Division (Lieutenant General Giuseppe Ciancio)

3554:

11th Division (Lieutenant General Ettore Mambretti)

3428:

23rd Division (Lieutenant General Giovanni Airaldi)

3156:

16th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment (barrier Brenta-Cismon)

3140:

22nd Light Cavalry Regiment of Catania (arr. 28 May)

2344:

managed to break the Austrian lines and capture the

2026:

Italian soldiers listening to their General's speech

1539:'s neutrality, in conjunction with Article 3 of the 5841:, headed by Lieutenant General Count Luigi Cadorna. 5774:"SAVOIA AOSTA, Emanuele Filiberto di, duca d'Aosta" 5197:

Styria, Graz/Vienna/Cologne 1963, Volume 1: p. 567.

5068:

Slovenski begunci v Italiji med prvo svetovno vojno

3912:

21st Light Cavalry Regiment of Padova (arr. 30 May)

3813:

1 battery of pack cannon of 70 A. (pack battery 19)

3665:"Messina" Brigade – 93rd (III, IV, V; 9 cos only); 3662:13th Division (Lieutenant General Cleto Angelotti) 3174:

4th Squadron, 27th Light Cavalry Regiment of Aquila

2253:which offered a degree of cover and allowed better 1951:Italy's first machine guns were prototypes, as the 5432: 5328: 5070:), Ljubljana. Diego Leoni – Camillo Zadra (1995), 4402:Royal Carabinieri Regiment of 3 battalions (9 cos) 4295:6th Squadron, 16th Light Cavalry Regiment of Lucca 3950:18th Division (Lieutenant General Vittorio Carpi) 3936:17th Division (Lieutenant General Diomede Saveri) 3890:17th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 3437:22nd Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 3325:28th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 3302:7th Division (Lieutenant General Nicola D'Avanzo) 3281:11th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 3233:3rd Division (Lieutenant General Giovanni Prelli) 2620:Occupation of Dalmatia, Istria, Trentino and Tyrol 2199: 5703:International Encyclopedia of the First World War 5685:International Encyclopedia of the First World War 5667:International Encyclopedia of the First World War 5303:La guerra: Come e dove l'ho vista e combattuta io 4605:1st Co in the colonies; replaced with 1st bis Co. 4494:The other 3 batteries were assigned to XIV Corps. 4357:Lieutenant General Carlo Guicciardi di Cervarolo 3915:8th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 3720:21st Division (Lieutenant General Carlo Mazzoli) 3407:4th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 3316:8th Division (Lieutenant General Guglielmo Lang) 3147:5th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/911 3032:6th Field Artillery Regiment (8 batteries) 75/906 2588:and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 2126:After the winter lull, the Italians launched the 8353: 5562:Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War 3682:14th Division (Major General Giacinto Rostagno) 3159:16th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment (barrier Agno-Assa) 2888:as a "political myth", used by fascists to fuel 2527:. The Italian victory in this battle marked the 1732:- 23 May, Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary. 1368:: Italy expected compensations in the areas of " 429: 221: 7192:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 4020:1 battalion of Miners (12, 16, 20 & 21 Cos) 3577:12th Division (Major General Oreste Zavattari) 3353:9th Bersaglieri Regiment (Btns 28, 30 & 32) 3330:33rd Division (Lieutenant General Carlo Ricci) 3247:4th Division (Major General Cesare Del Mastro) 2737:without ever being defeated on the battlefield. 2154: 2142:) in Trentino and directed over the plateau of 1916:front, and there was no major offensive on the 1908:Italian infantry soldier in full marching order 1813:The digging of trenches on the Isonzo front by 5976:. Vienna: Verl. der Militärwiss. Mitteilungen. 4740:One battalion detached to 2nd Cavalry Division 4283:26th Division (Major General Michele Salazar) 2931:Italian Army Order of Battle as of 24 May 1915 2733:for having reported numerous victories in the 2261:of the Dolomites, often in exposed areas near 1844:. The K. u. k. Landesverteidigungskommando in 1431:ignited by the prospect of an Italian victory. 77:(3 years, 5 months and 2 weeks) 6231: 5925: 5801:. University of Michigan Press. p. 293. 4011:XVI Battalion, Royal Custom Guards (Frontier) 3778:2 pack batteries (pack batteries 16 & 17) 3620:6th & 12th Bersaglieri Cyclist Battalions 3606:8th & 11th Bersagliari Cyclist Battalions 3278:9th & 10th Bersaglieri Cyclist Battalions 947: 653: 8377:Military history of Italy during World War I 5973:Österreich-Ungarns letzter Krieg 1914 - 1918 5959:In: Klaus Eisterer, Rolf Steininger (eds.): 4205:25th Division (Major General Luigi Capello) 4095:16th Division (Major General Luciano Secco) 3993:9th Lancer Regiment of Firenza (arr. 5 June) 3760:3rd & 7th Bersagliari Cyclist Battalions 3623:II Battalion, Royal Customs Corps (Frontier) 2859:(1924) led to the annexation of the city of 2431:Second Battle of the Piave River (June 1918) 2272:Beginning on the 13th, later referred to as 2046: 1659:within a month. The Entente also hoped that 1579:rejected it and at the instigation of Tisza 7675: 5986:The first World War; An Illustrated History 5620:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 150. 5564:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 303. 5051:La Prigionia di Guerra in Italia, 1914–1919 4565: 4563: 4334:56th Bersaglieri Battalion (mobile militia) 4041:source: Lieutenant General Clemente Lequio 3448:24th Division (Major General Gustavo Fara) 3373:Alpini Group A (Colonel Riccardo Tedeschi) 3137:I Battalion, Royal Custom Guards (Frontier) 3017:45th Bersaglieri Battalion (mobile militia) 2990:35th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General 1675:exposed to the public all treaties of Tsar 667: 6238: 6224: 5906: 5879:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5794: 5584: 5443:. privately published by Anne Williamson. 5438: 5103: 5087:(in Italian). 6 March 2015. Archived from 4937:Under the command of the Piazza di Venezia 4795:June), 9 (at Belluno 31 May), 10 & 11. 4731:Detached to 1st Cavalry Division, VI Corps 3644:1st & 2nd Squadrons aeroplanes Bleriot 2958:5th Infantry Division (Lieutenant General 2910:, Italian patriot and hero of World War I. 2491:began with a diversionary attack near the 2163:The Austro-Hungarian supply line over the 2072:(Isonzo) river, take the fortress town of 1455:. Such reforms would have transformed the 1339:, whose military actions began during the 954: 940: 660: 646: 6068:Pompé, Daniel; et al., eds. (1924). 5559: 5539:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 4. 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 3792:10th Telegraph Co (not arrived by 24 May) 3702:13th Telegraph Co (not arrived by 24 May) 3674:1 battery of 70 A. pack (pack battery 12) 3387:Alpini Group B (Colonel Ernesto Alliana) 2632:on 3 November 1918, after the victorious 1619:for intervention in the war. The fall of 7474:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 6156:, Tamari editori, Bologna, 1968, p. 214. 6086: 5854: 5615: 5410: 5135: 4560: 4126:23rd Light Cavalry Regiment of Umberto I 3550:source: Lieutenant General Carlo Ruelle 3541:Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta 3424:source: Lieutenant General Luigi Segato 2921: 2902: 2873:was adopted by Mussolini and led to the 2727:Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta 2712: 2623: 2523:, 3 November 1918, after the victorious 2514: 2502: 2440: 2328: 2257:. Working at high altitudes in the hard 2228: 2213: 2210:Mines on the Italian front (World War I) 2158: 2068:An Italian offensive aimed to cross the 2056: 2021: 1969:regiment had four machine gun sections, 1903: 1808: 445: 235: 7851:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 6033: 6024: 5534: 5528: 5136:Genovesi, Piergiovanni (11 June 2009). 4975: 4371: 4352: 3831:3 sections of field aerostatic balloons 3527:3 sections of field aerostatic balloons 3150:1st, 13th, 14th & ½ 7th Cos, Miners 2146:, with the aim to break through to the 2133: 1993:The Italian Front in 1915–1917: eleven 1595:was likewise rejected in February 1915. 410: 14: 8354: 6002: 5980: 5887: 5758:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5398: 5386: 5371: 5359: 5326: 5170:Amended Version of the Triple Alliance 4956:Detached to Brundisi; rejoined 4 July. 4918: 4557:Deport 75 mm cannon (75/27 Mod. 1911). 4503:75 mm Krupp cannon (75/27 Model 1906). 4075: 4068:6th & 21st Cos 1st Sapper Regiment 3789:5th Pontoon Co (not arrived by 24 May) 3041:1st Battalion, Miners (Cos 10, 11, 18) 2640:Italian soldiers entered Trento while 8372:Campaigns and theatres of World War I 7804:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 7147:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 6219: 6067: 6060:. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 5829:, Il Mulino, Bologna 1999, pp.101-106 5609: 5492: 3766:1 battalion of 14th Infantry Regiment 3603:1 battalion of 20th Infantry Regiment 3498:1 Pontoon battalion (Cos 6, 7, 8, 13) 2425: 1746:The Italian Front stretched from the 935: 641: 8208:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 5936:Military Operations: Italy 1915–1919 5255:Etschmann, Südfront, p. 27, p. 29 f. 2183:German, French, and British armies. 8137:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 6938:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 6029:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 4436:Museum of the White War in Adamello 2529:end of the war on the Italian Front 2080:. This offensive opened the first 1840:who on May 27 had arrived from the 1280:and the territories of present-day 24: 6877:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 5305:(Milan: A.Mondadori, 1935), p. 35. 4785:Detached from the Queen's Brigade. 4512:One squadron attached to 1st Army. 2689:, which became the capital of the 2507:The Italian front in 1918 and the 2325:1917: Germany arrives on the front 1691:Salandra officially renounces the 1333:Fourth Italian War of Independence 1288:. The front soon bogged down into 25: 8403: 5798:Modern Italy: A Political History 5495:, pp. 508–511, 730–731, 826. 3932:Lieutenant General Pietro Marini 3229:Lieutenant General Enzio Reisoli 2926:Italian propaganda poster in 1917 2799:(1920) allowed the annexation of 2729:in the foreground, nicknamed the 2531:, secured the dissolution of the 2482:Archduke Joseph August of Austria 2241:From 1915, the high peaks of the 1467:kingdom under Serbian leadership. 1355: 1345:First Italian War of Independence 961: 30:For other Italian campaigns, see 7240:Second Battle of the Piave River 6862:Russian invasion of East Prussia 6203: 5713:Giuseppe Praga, Franco Luxardo. 4950: 4940: 4909: 4900: 4891: 4882: 4873: 4005: 3822:4th, 10th & 11th Pontoon Cos 3798: 3713:Main Source: Lieutenant General 3483: 2489:Second Battle of the Piave River 2437:Second Battle of the Piave River 2004: 1986: 626: 607: 583: 566: 547: 525: 511: 493: 480: 463: 447: 431: 412: 392: 380: 367: 356: 343: 331: 320: 309: 289: 276: 250: 237: 223: 210: 197: 182: 57: 8304:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 7504:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 6245: 6178: 6168: 6036:The Italian Army of World War I 5832: 5827:Miti e storia dell'Italia unita 5815: 5788: 5766: 5720: 5707: 5689: 5671: 5654: 5645: 5578: 5553: 5498: 5460: 5404: 5308: 5295: 5286: 5276: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5240: 5231: 5222: 5213: 5200: 5187: 5174: 5163: 5129: 5077: 5056: 5043: 4864: 4855: 4846: 4836: 4826: 4817: 4807: 4798: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4761: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4698: 4689: 4680: 4671: 4662: 4653: 4644: 4635: 4626: 4617: 4608: 4599: 4590: 4581: 4572: 4551: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4506: 4497: 4488: 4479: 4458: 2793:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 2200:Tunnel warfare in the mountains 1890:, three main points were set: 1804: 117:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 51:European theatre of World War I 8367:Austria-Hungary in World War I 8127:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 7986:Deportations from East Prussia 7783:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 6159: 6138: 6125: 6116: 5961:Tirol und der Erste Weltkrieg. 5439:Williamson, Howard J. (2020). 5033:"War Losses (Austria-Hungary)" 5025: 5010: 4998: 4984: 4969: 4036: 3838: 3763:10th Infantry Regiment (I-III) 3635:½ 18th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 3213: 3165: 3047:½ 18th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 2880:, becoming a key point in the 1587:. A German proposal of giving 112:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 27:Italian theatre of World War I 13: 1: 8038:Ukrainian Canadian internment 6135:24 October – 19 November 1917 6010:. London: Random House (UK). 5418:. London: Faber & Faber. 5019:, pp. BeiL. IV. V. VII. 4963: 4193: 4083: 3769:1 battalion of 1st Grenadiers 3534: 3192:1 section, radiotelegraph of 2935: 2892:and obscure the successes of 2591: 2359:soldiers rushed in after the 2353:Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo 2245:range were an area of fierce 1741: 1687:- 4 May, In the midst of the 1487:, German military attaché in 75:23 May 1915 – 6 November 1918 8387:World War I orders of battle 8193:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 7492:Estonian War of Independence 7167:Southern Palestine offensive 6188:24 October – 4 November 1918 6110: 6056:Page, Thomas Nelson (1920). 5968:Glaise von Horstenau, Edmund 5698:War Losses (Austria-Hungary) 5680:War Losses (Austria-Hungary) 5142:(in Italian). FrancoAngeli. 5113:(in Italian). Archived from 4442:, in the Upper Val Camonica. 4405:19th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment 4298:19th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 4271: 4248:13th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment 3918:½ 7th & 21st Cos, Miners 3650: 3539:source: His Royal Highness, 3507:1 section radiotelegraph of 3443:12th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 3419: 3183:17th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 2946: 2708: 2697:(1920). Italy occupied also 2420:First Battle of Monte Grappa 2155:Later battles for the Isonzo 1736: 1439:- 28 June, Assassination of 1380:, as was agreed upon in the 7: 8362:Italian front (World War I) 8147:USA against Austria-Hungary 7546:Turkish War of Independence 7498:Latvian War of Independence 7230:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 6821:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 6094:. London: Faber and Faber. 5618:A Military History of Italy 5560:Schindler, John R. (2001). 4424: 4408:1st & 7th Telegraph Cos 4276:source: Lieutenant General 4198:source: Lieutenant General 4162:9th Co, 1st Sapper Regiment 4143:source: Lieutenant General 4088:source: Lieutenant General 3927: 3876:5th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 3843:source: Lieutenant General 3708: 3677:2nd Co, 1st Sapper Regiment 3655:source: Lieutenant General 3572:6th Co, 2nd Sapper Regiment 3545: 3293: 3224: 3058:source: Lieutenant General 2882:propaganda of Fascist Italy 2741:As the war came to an end, 2652:, the Dalmatian islands of 2571:greeted by the population. 2498:Svetozar Boroević von Bojna 2445:Austro-Hungarian trench in 2121:Fourth Battle of the Isonzo 2107:Second Battle of the Isonzo 1611:, with the backing of king 1495:and its military prospects. 18:Italian Front (World War I) 10: 8408: 8230:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 7778:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 7245:Second Battle of the Marne 7132:Second battle of the Aisne 7001:Second Battle of Champagne 6842:German invasion of Belgium 6154:1916. Le montagne scottano 6062:Full Text Available Online 5888:Cassar, George H. (1998). 5847: 5795:Mack Smith, Denis (1997). 5717:. Giardini, 1993. Pp. 281. 5585:Mack Smith, Denis (1982). 5535:Burgwyn, H. James (1997). 5474:(in French). 10 April 2006 5264:Jordan, Krieg, p. 220–223. 4464:The French units were (i) 4138: 3849: 3359:(Btns 15 bis, 27 & 33) 3180:2nd & 17th Cos, Miners 3053: 2547: 2519:Italian troops landing in 2434: 2203: 2173:Sixth Battle of the Isonzo 2128:Fifth Battle of the Isonzo 2114:Third Battle of the Isonzo 2089:First Battle of the Isonzo 2050: 1975: 1463:'s interest in founding a 1350: 29: 8336: 8295: 8216: 8155: 8117: 8061: 8050: 8011:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 7954: 7926: 7874: 7796: 7770: 7722: 7615: 7608: 7540:Irish War of Independence 7436: 7318: 7290:Armistice of Villa Giusti 7275:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 7200: 7102: 7029: 6930: 6887:First Battle of the Marne 6834: 6796: 6731: 6722: 6665: 6539: 6528: 6494: 6466: 6428: 6380: 6333: 6326: 6253: 5931:Davies, Sir Henry Rodolph 5695:Anatol Schmied-Kowarzik, 5677:Anatol Schmied-Kowarzik, 5017:Glaise von Horstenau 1932 5007:, The War Office, p. 744. 4343:2nd & 9th Pontoon Cos 4065:4th & 6th Cos, Miners 3828:1 squad field photography 3751:HQ of the Queen's Brigade 3524:1 squad field photography 3363:12th Bersaglieri Regiment 3357:11th Bersaglieri Regiment 3014:(Btns 8, 10 & 11 bis) 2746:Vittorio Emanuele Orlando 2634:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2550:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2525:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2509:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2374:. The Germans introduced 2047:Battles of Isonzo in 1915 1615:, submit an offer to the 1321:armistice of Villa Giusti 1292:, similar to that on the 971: 678: 540: 404: 302: 161: 107:Armistice of Villa Giusti 67: 56: 48: 43: 8163:Constantinople Agreement 7456:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 7319:Co-belligerent conflicts 7295:Second Romanian campaign 7265:Third Transjordan attack 6976:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 6882:Battle of Grand Couronné 6184:c. 380.000 alone during 6131:c. 300,000 alone during 5941:History of the Great War 5855:Erlikman, Vadim (2004). 4474:31st Army Corps (France) 4466:12th Army Corps (France) 4451: 4390: 4029:1 section radiotelegraph 3988:3rd Bersaglieri Regiment 3825:1 section radiotelegraph 3348:6th Bersaglieri Regiment 3209:1 squad, telephotography 3122:(Btns 3 bis, 5 & 12) 3120:8th Bersaglieri Regiment 3113:(Btns 2 bis, 4 & 17) 3111:2nd Bersaglieri Regiment 3012:7th Bersaglieri Regiment 2915:La Domenica del Corriere 2757:Prime Minister of France 2390:or Karfreit in German). 2286:Strada delle 52 Gallerie 2279:In addition to building 2206:Strada delle 52 Gallerie 2087:At the beginning of the 2061:Austro-Hungarian 350 mm 1848:(LVK) was handed to GdK 1443:by the Serb nationalist 1441:Archduke Franz Ferdinand 921:Indian and Pacific Ocean 522:1915: up to 61 divisions 8392:Wars involving Slovenia 8226:Modus vivendi of Acroma 8178:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 7486:Greater Poland Uprising 7386:National Protection War 7270:Meuse–Argonne offensive 7220:German spring offensive 7215:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 6991:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 6966:Second Battle of Artois 6847:Battle of the Frontiers 6058:Italy and the World War 6034:Nicolle, David (2003). 5957:Die Südfront 1915–1918. 5907:Clodfelter, M. (2017). 5616:Paoletti, Ciro (2008). 5335:. Knopf, N.Y. pp. 5074:, Trento-Rovereto 1995. 5062:Petra Svoljšak (1991). 4915:Squadron No 2 in Libya. 4032:1 squad telephotography 3600:94th Infantry Regiment 2764:United States President 2719:Redipuglia War Memorial 2691:Governorate of Dalmatia 2535:and contributed to the 2533:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1793:spreads out around the 1093:Caporetto (12th Isonzo) 8251:Paris Peace Conference 8239:Ukraine–Central Powers 8033:Massacres of Albanians 8001:Late Ottoman genocides 7808:Bulgarian occupations 7516:Third Anglo-Afghan War 7480:Hungarian–Romanian War 7305:Naval Victory Bulletin 7300:Armistice with Germany 7250:Hundred Days Offensive 7177:Battle of La Malmaison 7127:Second battle of Arras 7094:Battle of Transylvania 6948:Second Battle of Ypres 6816:Sarajevo assassination 6705:South African Republic 5988:. London: Hutchinson. 3990:(Btns 18, 20 & 25) 3365:(Btns 21, 23 & 26) 2927: 2919: 2900:'s executive council. 2750:British Prime Minister 2743:Italian Prime Minister 2738: 2637: 2581:Armistice with Austria 2540: 2512: 2450: 2337: 2311:Col di Lana/Monte Sief 2238: 2233:Trenches at the mount 2226: 2168: 2065: 2027: 1962:Fiat-Revelli Mod. 1914 1928: 1909: 1865:and was to secure the 1818: 1393: 1248:) was one of the main 1245: 1232: 1124:Capture of Col Moschin 303:Commanders and leaders 8261:Treaty of St. Germain 8234:Russia–Central Powers 8188:Sykes–Picot Agreement 8016:Pontic Greek genocide 7991:Destruction of Kalisz 7967:Eastern Mediterranean 7528:Polish–Lithuanian War 7310:Armistice of Belgrade 7280:Armistice of Salonica 7210:Operation Faustschlag 7157:Third Battle of Oituz 7079:Baranovichi offensive 7047:Lake Naroch offensive 7021:Battle of Robat Karim 6996:Vistula–Bug offensive 6971:Battles of the Isonzo 6902:First Battle of Ypres 6122:Presumed dead by 1921 5327:Keegan, John (1999). 5049:Tortato, Alessandro: 4417:Dirigibles P4, P5, M1 4340:30th Mountain Battery 3350:(Btns 6, 13 & 19) 3035:30th Mountain Battery 2925: 2918:, 24 September 1916). 2912:(From Italian weekly 2906: 2716: 2627: 2518: 2506: 2444: 2332: 2232: 2217: 2162: 2082:Battles of the Isonzo 2076:, and then enter the 2063:L/45 M. 16 naval guns 2060: 2053:Battles of the Isonzo 2025: 1995:Battles of the Isonzo 1923: 1907: 1812: 1707:to stop mobilization. 1651:on the one part, and 1388: 758:Sinai & Palestine 541:Casualties and losses 374:Conrad von Hötzendorf 8256:Treaty of Versailles 7972:Mount Lebanon famine 7887:in the United States 7855:Russian occupations 7569:Turkish–Armenian War 7510:Polish–Ukrainian War 7450:Ukrainian–Soviet War 7397:Central Asian Revolt 7187:Armistice of Focșani 6917:Battle of Sarikamish 6867:Battle of Tannenberg 6263:Military engagements 5955:Wolfgang Etschmann: 5823:La vittoria mutilata 5510:museoguerrabianca.it 5237:Jordan, Krieg, p. 89 5117:on 23 September 2015 4372:4th Cavalry Division 4353:3rd Cavalry Division 2884:. Historians regard 2776:Treaty of Versailles 2664:, and the cities of 2539:just one week later. 2376:infiltration tactics 2281:underground shelters 2134:The Asiago offensive 2093:Gorizia and Gradisca 1874:regiments and three 1863:Franz Rohr von Denta 1689:Gorlice breakthrough 1337:unification of Italy 1205:Tre Cime di Lavaredo 1036:Gorizia (6th Isonzo) 580:670 missing/captured 387:Arz von Straußenburg 8323:They shall not pass 8246:Treaty of Bucharest 8203:Treaty of Bucharest 8142:USA against Germany 8119:Declarations of war 7823:German occupations 7736:British casualties 7595:Soviet–Georgian War 7522:Egyptian Revolution 7462:Armeno-Georgian War 7326:Somaliland campaign 7285:Armistice of Mudros 7162:Battle of Caporetto 7152:Battle of Mărășești 7122:Zimmermann telegram 7117:February Revolution 7062:Battle of the Somme 6986:Bug-Narew Offensive 6961:Battle of Gallipoli 6953:Sinking of the RMS 6745:Scramble for Africa 6739:Franco-Prussian War 6395:Sinai and Palestine 6025:Mortara, G (1925). 6008:The first World War 5715:History of Dalmatia 5331:The First World War 5184:Berlin 2008, p. 60. 4076:High Command Troops 3964:Additional Organic 3854:Lieutenant General 3218:Lieutenant General 3060:Florenzio Aliprindi 2951:Lieutenant General 2940:Lieutenant General 2890:Italian imperialism 2832:Free State of Fiume 2828:Gabriele D'Annunzio 2801:Trentino Alto-Adige 2725:, with the tomb of 2628:Italian cavalry in 2605:, and 156,251 from 2471:strategic materials 2384:Battle of Caporetto 2372:Battle of Mărășești 2335:Battle of Caporetto 2293:by tunneling under 2144:Altopiano di Asiago 1876:k.k. Landesschützen 1613:Victor Emmanuel III 1341:revolutions of 1848 1325:Trentino-Alto Adige 1315:by Italy's forces. 872:North-West Frontier 597:700 died indirectly 470:Czechoslovak Legion 350:Jean César Graziani 204:Czechoslovak Legion 153:until the armistice 8283:Treaty of Lausanne 8198:Paris Economy Pact 8132:UK against Germany 8062:Entry into the war 8028:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 7747:Ottoman casualties 7557:Franco-Turkish War 7437:Post-War conflicts 7421:Russian Revolution 7403:Invasion of Darfur 7368:Kelantan rebellion 7356:Kurdish rebellions 7332:Mexican Revolution 7172:October Revolution 7137:Kerensky offensive 7112:Capture of Baghdad 7089:Monastir offensive 7074:Brusilov offensive 6912:Battle of Kolubara 6751:Russo-Japanese War 5180:Alexander Jordan: 4470:10th Army (France) 2992:Felice De Chaurand 2928: 2920: 2869:. The rhetoric of 2760:Georges Clemenceau 2753:David Lloyd George 2739: 2638: 2541: 2537:end of World War I 2513: 2451: 2426:1918: The war ends 2386:(Italian name for 2338: 2239: 2227: 2169: 2066: 2028: 1937:Carcano 1891 model 1910: 1819: 1724:ordered on May 22. 1561:Bernhard von Bülow 1378:Bosnia-Herzegovina 773:Hejaz & Levant 363:Archduke Friedrich 8349: 8348: 8332: 8331: 8316:The Golden Virgin 8310:Mutilated victory 8291: 8290: 8271:Treaty of Trianon 8266:Treaty of Neuilly 8173:Damascus Protocol 8046: 8045: 8006:Armenian genocide 7963:Allied blockades 7935:Belgian refugees 7718: 7717: 7628:Strategic bombing 7604: 7603: 7589:Franco-Syrian War 7563:Greco-Turkish War 7551:Anglo-Turkish War 7534:Polish–Soviet War 7468:German Revolution 7444:Russian Civil War 7427:Finnish Civil War 7260:Battle of Megiddo 7235:Battle of Goychay 7182:Battle of Cambrai 7142:Battle of Mărăști 7057:Battle of Jutland 7037:Erzurum offensive 6892:Siege of Przemyśl 6872:Siege of Tsingtao 6857:Battle of Galicia 6787:Second Balkan War 6775:Italo-Turkish War 6732:Pre-War conflicts 6718: 6717: 6608:Portuguese Empire 6524: 6523: 6486:German New Guinea 6468:Asian and Pacific 6101:978-0-465-01329-6 6040:Osprey Publishing 5808:978-0-472-10895-4 5740:on 22 August 2017 5660:Pierluigi Scolè, 5627:978-0-275-98505-9 5591:. Knopf. p. 5450:978-1-8739960-5-8 5425:978-0-571-22333-6 4978:, pp. 28–29 4346:23rd Telegraph Co 4265:18th Telegraph Co 4187:15th Telegraph Co 4132:14th Telegraph Co 4071:19th Telegraph Co 4023:22nd Telegraph Co 3921:12th Telegraph Co 3819:21st Telegraph Co 3504:24th Telegraph Co 3413:17th Telegraph Co 3189:16th Telegraph Co 3153:11th Telegraph Co 2953:Vittorio Camerana 2898:League of Nations 2886:mutilated victory 2871:mutilated victory 2866:mutilated victory 2797:Treaty of Rapallo 2695:Treaty of Rapallo 2612:Austro-Hungarian 2586:Habsburg monarchy 2405:Tagliamento River 2313:also with 5, and 2255:logistics support 2032:Italo-Turkish War 1953:Perino Model 1908 1838:Svetozar Boroević 1719:is reinstated as 1639:is signed by the 1485:Alfred von Kleist 1274:Austrian Littoral 1218: 1217: 929: 928: 797:South West Africa 636: 635: 536:1917: 5 divisions 490:1918: 3 regiments 459:1918: 2 divisions 443:1917: 3 divisions 157: 156: 122:Treaty of Trianon 16:(Redirected from 8399: 8276:Treaty of Sèvres 8168:Treaty of London 8059: 8058: 7837:Northeast France 7768: 7767: 7740:Parliamentarians 7673: 7672: 7635:Chemical weapons 7613: 7612: 7374:Senussi campaign 7344:Muscat rebellion 7338:Maritz rebellion 7255:Vardar offensive 7084:Battle of Romani 7052:Battle of Asiago 7042:Battle of Verdun 7006:Kosovo offensive 6781:First Balkan War 6729: 6728: 6628:Russian Republic 6537: 6536: 6331: 6330: 6273:Economic history 6240: 6233: 6226: 6217: 6216: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6199: 6189: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6166: 6163: 6157: 6142: 6136: 6129: 6123: 6120: 6105: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6053: 6030: 6021: 5999: 5977: 5952: 5922: 5903: 5884: 5878: 5870: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5757: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5739: 5733:. 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4642: 4639: 4633: 4630: 4624: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4606: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4588: 4585: 4579: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4558: 4555: 4549: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4504: 4501: 4495: 4492: 4486: 4483: 4477: 4462: 4090:Ottavio Briccola 3999:5th Telegraph Co 3715:Giorgio Cigliana 3657:Vincenzo Garioni 3632:8th Telegraph Co 3520: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3477:9th Telegraph Co 3287:6th Telegraph Co 3205: 3204: 3200: 3197: 3044:4th Telegraph Co 2850:Benito Mussolini 2475:Spring Offensive 2346:Banjšice Plateau 2319:blasting gelatin 2251:fighting tunnels 2247:mountain warfare 2140:Battle of Asiago 2008: 1990: 1637:Treaty of London 1635:- 26 April, The 1565:Karl von Macchio 1370:Italia Irredenta 1270:Kingdom of Italy 1266:Treaty of London 1258:Kingdom of Italy 1240: 1140:3rd Monte Grappa 1130:2nd Monte Grappa 1108:1st Monte Grappa 966: 956: 949: 942: 933: 932: 673: 662: 655: 648: 639: 638: 631: 630: 623:477,024 captured 612: 611: 603:Unknown captured 588: 587: 571: 570: 563:569,210 captured 552: 551: 531: 529: 528: 517: 515: 514: 499: 497: 496: 485: 484: 483: 472: 468: 467: 466: 457: 453: 451: 450: 441: 437: 435: 434: 422: 418: 416: 415: 397: 396: 389: 385: 384: 376: 372: 371: 361: 360: 352: 348: 347: 336: 335: 325: 324: 314: 313: 295: 293: 292: 282: 280: 279: 256: 254: 253: 247: 243: 241: 240: 233: 229: 227: 226: 215: 214: 213: 206: 202: 201: 200: 187: 186: 102:Italian victory 69: 68: 61: 41: 40: 32:Italian Campaign 21: 8407: 8406: 8402: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8352: 8351: 8350: 8345: 8328: 8287: 8219: 8212: 8183:Treaty of Darin 8151: 8113: 8069:Austria-Hungary 8055: 8042: 8023:Rape of Belgium 7950: 7922: 7870: 7864:Western Armenia 7859:Eastern Galicia 7792: 7766: 7730: 7729:Civilian impact 7728: 7714: 7671: 7600: 7432: 7362:Ovambo Uprising 7314: 7196: 7098: 7025: 6943:Battle of Łomża 6926: 6922:Christmas truce 6897:Race to the Sea 6830: 6792: 6714: 6685:Austria-Hungary 6661: 6596:Empire of Japan 6533: 6531: 6520: 6504:U-boat campaign 6490: 6462: 6424: 6376: 6322: 6303:Popular culture 6249: 6244: 6214: 6204: 6202: 6194: 6192: 6186:Vittorio Veneto 6183: 6179: 6173: 6169: 6164: 6160: 6143: 6139: 6130: 6126: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6108: 6102: 6077: 6075: 6050: 6018: 5996: 5919: 5900: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5850: 5845: 5839:Comando Supremo 5837: 5833: 5820: 5816: 5809: 5793: 5789: 5779: 5777: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5751: 5750: 5743: 5741: 5737: 5730: 5728:"Archived copy" 5726: 5725: 5721: 5712: 5708: 5694: 5690: 5676: 5672: 5659: 5655: 5650: 5646: 5628: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5583: 5579: 5572: 5558: 5554: 5547: 5533: 5529: 5519: 5517: 5516:on 22 July 2011 5504: 5503: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5437: 5433: 5426: 5409: 5405: 5397: 5393: 5385: 5378: 5370: 5366: 5358: 5354: 5347: 5325: 5318: 5313: 5309: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5214: 5205: 5201: 5192: 5188: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5164: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5134: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5061: 5057: 5048: 5044: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5015: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4905: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4851: 4847: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4827: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4735: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4427: 4414:15th Pontoon Co 4411:15th Co, Miners 4393: 4374: 4355: 4274: 4196: 4145:Domenico Grandi 4141: 4086: 4078: 4046:(69–71, 97 Cos) 4039: 4008: 3930: 3852: 3841: 3801: 3711: 3653: 3641:12th Pontoon Co 3638:19th Co, Miners 3548: 3537: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3486: 3422: 3296: 3227: 3216: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3186:14th Pontoon Co 3168: 3056: 2949: 2942:Roberto Brusati 2938: 2933: 2911: 2878:Italian fascism 2855:The subsequent 2815:as well as the 2795:(1919) and the 2778:did not assign 2735:First World War 2731:Undefeated Duke 2711: 2622: 2601:, 117,480 from 2594: 2564:Vittorio Veneto 2552: 2546: 2467:Ragazzi del '99 2439: 2433: 2428: 2327: 2305:with 10 mines, 2212: 2202: 2189:Emperor Charles 2157: 2136: 2055: 2049: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1991: 1980: 1878:regiments from 1807: 1791:karst landscape 1777:in the area of 1762:borders to the 1744: 1739: 1701:Austria-Hungary 1693:Triple Alliance 1557:Triple Alliance 1541:Triple Alliance 1521:Triple Alliance 1493:Triple Alliance 1483:. According to 1445:Gavrilo Princip 1382:Triple Alliance 1374:Austria-Hungary 1358: 1353: 1317:Austria-Hungary 1262:Austria-Hungary 1250:theatres of war 1236: 1233:Fronte italiano 1221: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1195:Monte Cristallo 1170:Sentinella Pass 1145:Vittorio Veneto 1120:2nd Piave River 1103:1st Piave River 967: 962: 960: 930: 925: 674: 668: 666: 625: 624: 622: 621:175,041 missing 620: 619:560,863 wounded 618: 616: 606: 602: 600: 594: 592: 582: 581: 579: 577: 575: 565: 564: 562: 560: 559:946,640 wounded 558: 556: 546: 535: 526: 524: 523: 521: 519:Austria-Hungary 512: 510: 504:1918: 1,200 in 503: 494: 492: 491: 489: 487:Romanian Legion 481: 479: 478: 473: 464: 462: 461: 460: 458: 448: 446: 444: 442: 432: 430: 428: 424:1915: up to 58 423: 413: 411: 391: 390: 379: 378: 377: 366: 365: 355: 342: 341: 340: 338:Rudolph Lambart 330: 329: 319: 318: 308: 290: 288: 287: 284:Austria-Hungary 277: 275: 273: 251: 249: 248: 238: 236: 234: 224: 222: 217:Romanian Legion 211: 209: 198: 196: 195: 181: 178: 133: 93: 76: 62: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8405: 8395: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8343: 8337: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8326: 8319: 8312: 8307: 8299: 8297: 8293: 8292: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8248: 8243: 8242: 8241: 8236: 8228: 8222: 8220: 8218:Peace treaties 8217: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8123: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8111: 8106: 8104:United Kingdom 8101: 8096: 8094:Ottoman Empire 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8065: 8063: 8056: 8051: 8048: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8019: 8018: 8013: 8008: 7998: 7996:Sack of Dinant 7993: 7988: 7983: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7960: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7948: 7947: 7946: 7944:United Kingdom 7941: 7932: 7930: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7920: 7919: 7918: 7913: 7904: 7898:POW locations 7896: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7880: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7866: 7861: 7853: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7821: 7820: 7819: 7814: 7806: 7800: 7798: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7774: 7772: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7749: 7744: 7743: 7742: 7733: 7731: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7698:United Kingdom 7695: 7693:Ottoman Empire 7690: 7685: 7679: 7677: 7670: 7669: 7667:Trench warfare 7664: 7663: 7662: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7619: 7617: 7610: 7606: 7605: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7574: 7573: 7572: 7566: 7560: 7554: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7513: 7507: 7501: 7495: 7489: 7483: 7477: 7471: 7465: 7459: 7453: 7447: 7440: 7438: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7430: 7424: 7418: 7412: 7406: 7400: 7394: 7388: 7383: 7380:Volta-Bani War 7377: 7371: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7335: 7329: 7322: 7320: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7225:Zeebrugge Raid 7222: 7217: 7212: 7206: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7108: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7033: 7031: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7018: 7016:Battle of Loos 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6907:Black Sea raid 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6812: 6811: 6809:Historiography 6800: 6798: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6772: 6766: 6763:Bosnian Crisis 6760: 6757:Tangier Crisis 6754: 6748: 6742: 6735: 6733: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6690:Ottoman Empire 6687: 6682: 6677: 6671: 6669: 6667:Central Powers 6663: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6650:British Empire 6645:United Kingdom 6642: 6637: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6623:Russian Empire 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6545: 6543: 6541:Entente Powers 6534: 6529: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6512: 6511: 6509:North Atlantic 6500: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6472: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6434: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6420:Central Arabia 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6386: 6384: 6382:Middle Eastern 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6357: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6339: 6337: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6283:Historiography 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6243: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6220: 6213: 6212: 6191: 6190: 6177: 6167: 6158: 6137: 6124: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6100: 6088:Thompson, Mark 6084: 6065: 6054: 6048: 6031: 6022: 6016: 6000: 5994: 5978: 5964: 5953: 5927:Edmonds, J. E. 5923: 5918:978-0786474707 5917: 5904: 5898: 5885: 5865: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5843: 5831: 5821:G.Sabbatucci, 5814: 5807: 5787: 5765: 5719: 5706: 5688: 5670: 5653: 5644: 5626: 5608: 5601: 5577: 5570: 5552: 5545: 5527: 5497: 5485: 5459: 5449: 5431: 5424: 5412:Thompson, Mark 5403: 5401:, p. 322. 5391: 5389:, p. 319. 5376: 5374:, p. 376. 5364: 5362:, p. 246. 5352: 5345: 5316: 5307: 5294: 5285: 5275: 5266: 5257: 5248: 5239: 5230: 5221: 5212: 5206:Hugo Hantsch: 5199: 5193:Hugo Hantsch: 5186: 5173: 5162: 5148: 5128: 5102: 5076: 5055: 5042: 5024: 5009: 4997: 4983: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4949: 4939: 4917: 4908: 4899: 4890: 4881: 4872: 4863: 4854: 4845: 4835: 4825: 4816: 4806: 4797: 4787: 4778: 4769: 4760: 4751: 4742: 4733: 4724: 4715: 4706: 4697: 4688: 4679: 4670: 4661: 4652: 4643: 4634: 4625: 4616: 4607: 4598: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4559: 4550: 4541: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4496: 4487: 4478: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4433: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4262:5th Pontoon Co 4260: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4188: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4085: 4082: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4026:1st Pontoon Co 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4002: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3851: 3848: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3816:5th Co, Miners 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3703: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3547: 3544: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3505: 3502: 3501:8th Co, Miners 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3226: 3223: 3220:Pietro Frugoni 3215: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3105: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3006: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2948: 2945: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2857:Treaty of Rome 2789:Ottoman Empire 2767:Woodrow Wilson 2710: 2707: 2673:of Italy. The 2621: 2618: 2607:Southern Italy 2599:Northern Italy 2593: 2590: 2548:Main article: 2545: 2542: 2435:Main article: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2326: 2323: 2291:trench warfare 2263:mountain peaks 2259:carbonate rock 2222:in the ice at 2201: 2198: 2167:, October 1917 2156: 2153: 2135: 2132: 2051:Main article: 2048: 2045: 2010: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1992: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1944:records that " 1942:Emilio De Bono 1902: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1822:Archduke Eugen 1806: 1803: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1726: 1725: 1709: 1708: 1681: 1680: 1673:Vladimir Lenin 1657:Triple Entente 1641:United Kingdom 1629: 1628: 1617:Triple Entente 1597: 1596: 1585:Stephan Burián 1551:- 5 November, 1545: 1544: 1525: 1524: 1497: 1496: 1477:Alberto Pollio 1469: 1468: 1433: 1432: 1405:Ottoman Empire 1387: 1386: 1366:Bosnian Crisis 1357: 1356:Pre-war period 1354: 1352: 1349: 1298:high altitudes 1290:trench warfare 1216: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1033: 1023: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 972: 969: 968: 959: 958: 951: 944: 936: 927: 926: 924: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 887: 886: 884:Naval theatres 880: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 853: 852: 846: 845: 844: 843: 833: 832: 831: 821: 816: 811: 806: 805: 804: 793: 792: 786: 785: 783:Central Arabia 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 744: 743: 737: 736: 735: 734: 729: 724: 714: 709: 708: 707: 702: 692: 686: 685: 679: 676: 675: 665: 664: 657: 650: 642: 634: 633: 617:155,350 killed 604: 561:70,656 missing 557:246,133 killed 543: 542: 538: 537: 508: 439:United Kingdom 407: 406: 402: 401: 399:Otto von Below 353: 305: 304: 300: 299: 272: 271: 267:Central Powers 262: 260: 231:United Kingdom 220: 219: 207: 177: 176: 167: 164: 163: 159: 158: 155: 154: 137:Italy annexes 135: 129: 128: 127: 126: 125: 124: 119: 109: 99: 95: 94: 91:Venetian Plain 85: 83: 79: 78: 73: 65: 64: 54: 53: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8404: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8335: 8325: 8324: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8305: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8294: 8284: 8281: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8253: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8116: 8110: 8109:United States 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8049: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7980: 7977: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7925: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7873: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7726: 7721: 7711: 7710:United States 7708: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7668: 7665: 7661: 7660:Convoy system 7658: 7657: 7656: 7655:Naval warfare 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7624: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7614: 7611: 7607: 7596: 7593: 7590: 7587: 7584: 7581: 7578: 7575: 7570: 7567: 7564: 7561: 7558: 7555: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7523: 7520: 7517: 7514: 7511: 7508: 7505: 7502: 7499: 7496: 7493: 7490: 7487: 7484: 7481: 7478: 7475: 7472: 7469: 7466: 7463: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7448: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7428: 7425: 7422: 7419: 7416: 7415:Kaocen revolt 7413: 7410: 7409:Easter Rising 7407: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7395: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7381: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7348: 7345: 7342: 7339: 7336: 7333: 7330: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7101: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6981:Great Retreat 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6852:Battle of Cer 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6779: 6776: 6773: 6770: 6769:Agadir Crisis 6767: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6755: 6752: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6658: 6657:United States 6655: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6575: 6574:French Empire 6572: 6571: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6535: 6527: 6517: 6516:Mediterranean 6514: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6496:Naval warfare 6493: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6465: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6372:Italian Front 6370: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6360:Eastern Front 6358: 6356: 6355:Western Front 6353: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6313:Puppet states 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6252: 6248: 6241: 6236: 6234: 6229: 6227: 6222: 6221: 6218: 6211: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6187: 6181: 6171: 6162: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6141: 6134: 6128: 6119: 6115: 6103: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6073: 6072: 6066: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6049:1-84176-398-5 6045: 6041: 6037: 6032: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5995:0-09-179392-0 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5910: 5905: 5901: 5899:1-85285-166-X 5895: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5868: 5866:5-93165-107-1 5862: 5858: 5853: 5852: 5840: 5835: 5828: 5825:, in AA.VV., 5824: 5818: 5810: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5791: 5775: 5769: 5761: 5755: 5736: 5729: 5723: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5692: 5686: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5657: 5648: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5604: 5602:0-394-50694-4 5598: 5594: 5590: 5589: 5581: 5573: 5571:0-275-97204-6 5567: 5563: 5556: 5548: 5546:0-275-94877-3 5542: 5538: 5531: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5494: 5489: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5456: 5452: 5446: 5442: 5435: 5427: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5400: 5395: 5388: 5383: 5381: 5373: 5368: 5361: 5356: 5348: 5346:0-375-40052-4 5342: 5338: 5333: 5332: 5323: 5321: 5311: 5304: 5298: 5289: 5279: 5270: 5261: 5252: 5243: 5234: 5225: 5216: 5209: 5203: 5196: 5190: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5166: 5151: 5149:9788856818680 5145: 5141: 5140: 5132: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5090: 5086: 5080: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5059: 5052: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5006: 5001: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4953: 4943: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4912: 4903: 4894: 4885: 4876: 4867: 4858: 4849: 4839: 4829: 4820: 4810: 4801: 4791: 4782: 4773: 4764: 4755: 4746: 4737: 4728: 4719: 4710: 4701: 4692: 4683: 4674: 4665: 4656: 4647: 4638: 4629: 4620: 4611: 4602: 4593: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4564: 4554: 4545: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4509: 4500: 4491: 4482: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4438:- located in 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4331:Corps Troops 4330: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4278:Paolo Morrone 4264: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4253:Corps Troops 4252: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4200:Gaetano Zoppi 4186: 4183: 4182: 4181:Corps Troops 4180: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4123:Corps Troops 4122: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4091: 4081: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4009: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3984:Corps Troops 3983: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3909:Corps Troops 3908: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3857: 3856:Ottavio Ragni 3847: 3846: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3783:Corps Troops 3782: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3696:Corps Troops 3695: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3658: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3617:Corps Troops 3616: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3543: 3542: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3465:Corps Troops 3464: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3401:Corps Troops 3400: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3299: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3275:Corps Troops 3274: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3222: 3221: 3208: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3107:Corps Troops 3106: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3061: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3008:Corps Troops 3007: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2960:Luigi Druetti 2957: 2956: 2955: 2954: 2944: 2943: 2924: 2917: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2894:liberal Italy 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2617: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2603:Central Italy 2600: 2589: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2576:flag of truce 2572: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2557: 2551: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2342:Luigi Capello 2336: 2331: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2295:no man's land 2292: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2231: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2194: 2191:wrote to the 2190: 2184: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2161: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2100:Luigi Cadorna 2096: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2078:Karst Plateau 2075: 2071: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2044: 2042: 2041:Karst Plateau 2038: 2033: 2024: 2014: 2007: 1996: 1989: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1927: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1906: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1889: 1888:Luigi Cadorna 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1859:German Empire 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842:Eastern Front 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1826:Generaloberst 1823: 1816: 1811: 1802: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1695:in a note to 1694: 1690: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1625:Eastern Front 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481:Luigi Cadorna 1478: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1457:dual monarchy 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1302:refugee camps 1299: 1295: 1294:Western Front 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225:Italian front 1211: 1210:Monte Paterno 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1153: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 976: 975: 970: 965: 964:Italian Front 957: 952: 950: 945: 943: 938: 937: 934: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 906:Mediterranean 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 888: 885: 882: 881: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 854: 851: 848: 847: 842: 839: 838: 837: 834: 830: 827: 826: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 803: 800: 799: 798: 795: 794: 791: 788: 787: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 742: 739: 738: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 719: 718: 715: 713: 710: 706: 703: 701: 698: 697: 696: 695:Eastern Front 693: 691: 690:Western Front 688: 687: 684: 681: 680: 677: 672: 663: 658: 656: 651: 649: 644: 643: 640: 629: 615: 610: 605: 601:2,302 wounded 598: 591: 586: 578:4,971 wounded 574: 569: 555: 550: 545: 544: 539: 534: 533:German Empire 520: 509: 507: 502: 501:United States 488: 477: 471: 456: 440: 427: 421: 409: 408: 403: 400: 395: 388: 383: 375: 370: 364: 359: 354: 351: 346: 339: 334: 328: 323: 317: 316:Luigi Cadorna 312: 307: 306: 301: 298: 297:German Empire 286: 285: 270: 268: 264: 263: 261: 259: 258:United States 246: 232: 218: 208: 205: 194: 193: 192: 191: 190: 185: 175: 173: 172:Allied Powers 169: 168: 166: 165: 160: 152: 149:and occupies 148: 144: 140: 136: 131: 130: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 113: 110: 108: 105: 104: 103: 100: 97: 96: 92: 88: 84: 81: 80: 74: 71: 70: 66: 60: 55: 52: 47: 44:Italian front 42: 37: 33: 19: 8321: 8314: 8302: 7909: / 7841: 7676:Conscription 7640:Cryptography 7577:Iraqi Revolt 7011:Siege of Kut 6954: 6532:participants 6481:German Samoa 6415:South Arabia 6371: 6180: 6170: 6161: 6153: 6145: 6140: 6127: 6118: 6091: 6076:. Retrieved 6070: 6057: 6035: 6026: 6017:0-09-1801788 6007: 6004:Keegan, John 5985: 5982:Keegan, John 5972: 5960: 5956: 5935: 5908: 5889: 5856: 5838: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5817: 5797: 5790: 5778:. Retrieved 5776:(in Italian) 5768: 5742:. Retrieved 5735:the original 5722: 5714: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5691: 5684: 5678: 5673: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5647: 5637: 5631: 5617: 5611: 5587: 5580: 5561: 5555: 5536: 5530: 5518:. Retrieved 5514:the original 5509: 5500: 5488: 5476:. Retrieved 5471: 5462: 5454: 5440: 5434: 5415: 5406: 5394: 5367: 5355: 5330: 5310: 5302: 5297: 5288: 5278: 5269: 5260: 5251: 5242: 5233: 5224: 5215: 5207: 5202: 5194: 5189: 5181: 5176: 5165: 5153:. Retrieved 5138: 5131: 5119:. Retrieved 5115:the original 5105: 5093:. Retrieved 5089:the original 5079: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5050: 5045: 5036: 5027: 5012: 5004: 5000: 4986: 4976:Mortara 1925 4971: 4952: 4942: 4911: 4902: 4893: 4884: 4875: 4866: 4857: 4848: 4838: 4828: 4819: 4809: 4800: 4790: 4781: 4772: 4763: 4754: 4745: 4736: 4727: 4718: 4709: 4700: 4691: 4682: 4673: 4664: 4655: 4646: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4553: 4544: 4535: 4526: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4490: 4481: 4460: 4375: 4356: 4275: 4197: 4142: 4087: 4079: 4040: 3931: 3853: 3842: 3712: 3654: 3549: 3538: 3423: 3297: 3228: 3217: 3057: 2950: 2939: 2913: 2885: 2870: 2864: 2854: 2848:movement of 2841: 2835: 2825: 2805:Julian March 2740: 2730: 2675:Regia Marina 2639: 2611: 2595: 2573: 2561: 2556:Armando Diaz 2553: 2486: 2479: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2416:Monte Grappa 2412:Armando Diaz 2409: 2381: 2350: 2339: 2284: 2278: 2274:White Friday 2271: 2265:and even in 2240: 2220:mine gallery 2185: 2181: 2170: 2137: 2125: 2118: 2111: 2104: 2097: 2086: 2067: 2029: 2015:troops; 1915 1950: 1945: 1929: 1924: 1911: 1884: 1850:Viktor Dankl 1830:Alfred Krauß 1820: 1805:Mobilization 1799: 1783:Adriatic Sea 1771:Stelvio Pass 1768: 1748:Stelvio Pass 1745: 1729: 1712: 1684: 1632: 1600: 1577:István Tisza 1571:to cede the 1569:Franz Joseph 1548: 1531:- 2 August, 1528: 1500: 1472: 1465:South Slavic 1436: 1396: 1389: 1361: 1329:Julian March 1306: 1246:Südwestfront 1224: 1222: 1150: 1149: 1113: 1112: 1066: 1065: 1061:White Friday 1030:Monte Cengio 1014: 1013: 973: 963: 877:Central Asia 850:Asia-Pacific 824:North Africa 802:South Africa 778:South Arabia 711: 669:Theatres of 613: 589: 576:1,057 killed 572: 553: 506:one regiment 327:Armando Diaz 274: 265: 180: 179: 170: 162:Belligerents 101: 87:Eastern Alps 49:Part of the 36: 7939:Netherlands 7916:Switzerland 7797:Occupations 7788:Spanish flu 7565:(1919–1922) 7559:(1918–1921) 7553:(1918–1923) 7542:(1919–1921) 7536:(1919–1921) 7530:(1919–1920) 7506:(1918–1920) 7500:(1918–1920) 7494:(1918–1920) 7476:(1918–1920) 7458:(1918–1920) 7452:(1917–1921) 7446:(1917–1921) 7393:(1916-1918) 7391:Arab Revolt 7382:(1915–1917) 7376:(1915–1917) 7364:(1914-1917) 7358:(1914–1917) 7352:(1914–1921) 7346:(1913–1920) 7334:(1910–1920) 7328:(1900–1920) 6826:July Crisis 6747:(1880–1914) 6410:Mesopotamia 6288:Home fronts 6247:World War I 5780:23 November 5399:Keegan 2001 5387:Keegan 2001 5372:Keegan 1998 5360:Keegan 1998 4037:Carnia Zone 4006:Army Troops 3839:Fourth Army 3799:Army Troops 3484:Army Troops 3214:Second Army 3166:Army Troops 2908:Enrico Toti 2642:Bersaglieri 2493:Tonale Pass 2459:Piave River 2447:Ortler Alps 2366:ordered by 2357:German Army 2267:glacial ice 2037:Julian Alps 2030:During the 1872:Kaiserjäger 1775:Julian Alps 1677:Nicholas II 1603:- 3 March, 1505:July Crisis 1413:Balkan Wars 1372:" ruled by 1286:South Tyrol 1276:, northern 1254:World War I 1200:Monte Piana 1185:Col di Lana 1154:(1915–1918) 1088:11th Isonzo 1073:10th Isonzo 819:East Africa 763:Mesopotamia 741:Middle East 671:World War I 132:Territorial 8356:Categories 8156:Agreements 7956:War crimes 7832:Luxembourg 7725:Casualties 6603:Montenegro 6438:South West 6318:Technology 6308:Propaganda 6298:Opposition 5859:. Moscow. 5634:Ludendorff 5493:Pompé 1924 4964:References 4472:and (iii) 4194:XIII Corps 4084:VIII Corps 3845:Luigi Nava 3535:Third Army 2936:First Army 2771:Versailles 2723:Redipuglia 2592:Casualties 2400:diphosgene 2398:agent and 2204:See also: 2165:Vršič pass 1976:See also: 1957:Maxim guns 1867:Carinthian 1854:Alpenkorps 1756:Carinthian 1742:Topography 1715:- 16 May, 1475:- 1 July, 1429:Montenegro 1401:Libyan war 1135:San Matteo 1056:9th Isonzo 1051:8th Isonzo 1046:7th Isonzo 1021:5th Isonzo 1009:4th Isonzo 1004:3rd Isonzo 994:2nd Isonzo 989:Col Basson 984:1st Isonzo 916:Baltic Sea 867:New Guinea 836:Somaliland 614:1,386,327: 593:480 killed 554:1,832,639: 8053:Diplomacy 7760:Olympians 7683:Australia 7650:Logistics 7583:Vlora War 7512:(1918–19) 7488:(1918–19) 7482:(1918–19) 7470:(1918–19) 7417:(1916–17) 7399:(1916–17) 7350:Zaian War 7340:(1914–15) 7067:first day 6955:Lusitania 6783:(1912–13) 6777:(1911–12) 6765:(1908–09) 6759:(1905–06) 6741:(1870–71) 6530:Principal 6390:Gallipoli 6293:Memorials 6278:Geography 6268:Aftermath 6150:link text 6148:, p. 301 6133:Caporetto 6111:Footnotes 6078:14 August 5875:cite book 5744:22 August 5632:... 5588:Mussolini 5478:14 August 5021:link text 4980:link text 4833:Division. 4446:White War 4272:XIV Corps 3651:VII Corps 3420:XII Corps 2947:III Corps 2817:Dalmatian 2748:met with 2709:Aftermath 2699:Innsbruck 2677:occupied 2364:offensive 2315:Marmolada 2243:Dolomites 2235:Škabrijel 2196:troops." 1978:White War 1960:1915 the 1933:Artillery 1737:The Front 1669:Bolshevik 1589:Sosnowiec 1581:Berchtold 1535:declares 1509:Berchtold 1343:with the 1296:, but at 1238:‹See Tfd› 1175:Marmolada 1152:White War 911:Black Sea 896:North Sea 753:Gallipoli 727:Macedonia 476:regiments 426:divisions 151:Innsbruck 8341:Category 7928:Refugees 7894:Italians 7883:Germans 7843:Ober Ost 7623:Aviation 6724:Timeline 6695:Bulgaria 6476:Tsingtao 6453:Togoland 6400:Caucasus 6335:European 6327:Theatres 6090:(2008). 6006:(1998). 5984:(2001). 5970:(1932). 5933:(1949). 5754:cite web 5520:29 April 5414:(2008). 5337:226, 227 5155:12 March 5121:12 March 5095:12 March 4425:See also 4080:source: 3928:IX Corps 3709:XI Corps 3546:VI Corps 3294:IV Corps 3225:II Corps 2819:city of 2780:Dalmatia 2701:and all 2683:Sebenico 2392:Chlorine 2368:Kerensky 2309:with 5, 2307:Lagazuoi 2299:34 mines 2148:Po River 2011:Italian 1971:MG 07/12 1914:Tyrolean 1834:5th Army 1817:soldiers 1779:Tarvisio 1760:Littoral 1752:Tyrolean 1721:Giolitti 1717:Salandra 1665:Bulgaria 1621:Przemyśl 1605:Salandra 1593:Trentino 1573:Trentino 1533:Salandra 1453:Trialism 1449:Sarajevo 1417:Bulgaria 1415:, which 1282:Trentino 1278:Dalmatia 1180:Lagazuoi 1160:Adamello 1098:Pozzuolo 1083:Ortigara 979:Hill 383 901:Atlantic 857:Tsingtao 841:Ethiopia 814:Cameroon 809:Togoland 748:Caucasus 474:1918: 5 405:Strength 82:Location 8079:Germany 7979:Germany 7907:Germany 7827:Belgium 7812:Albania 7771:Disease 7751:Sports 7703:Ireland 7616:Warfare 7609:Aspects 6804:Origins 6797:Prelude 6700:Senussi 6680:Germany 6675:Leaders 6613:Romania 6554:Belgium 6549:Leaders 6448:Kamerun 6430:African 6365:Romania 6343:Balkans 6258:Outline 5949:4839237 5848:Sources 5636:wrote: 4139:X Corps 3850:I Corps 3516:⁄ 3201:⁄ 3054:V Corps 2875:rise of 2846:fascist 2837:Il Duce 2813:Kvarner 2784:Albania 2658:Lagosta 2650:Parenzo 2646:Rovigno 2521:Trieste 2463:99 Boys 2457:on the 2396:arsenic 2388:Kobarid 2361:Russian 2303:Pasubio 2237:in 1917 2224:Pasubio 2177:Gorizia 2074:Gorizia 1880:Galicia 1787:Gorizia 1773:to the 1705:Cadorna 1697:Germany 1671:leader 1661:Romania 1609:Sonnino 1553:Sonnino 1517:Romania 1409:Germany 1385:treaty: 1351:History 1313:Trieste 1229:Italian 1165:Pasubio 1078:Flondar 1040:Doberdò 999:Podgora 717:Balkans 705:Finland 700:Romania 632:Unknown 147:Trieste 143:Bolzano 134:changes 8099:Russia 8074:France 7902:Canada 7817:Serbia 7688:Canada 7645:Horses 7597:(1921) 7591:(1920) 7585:(1920) 7579:(1920) 7571:(1920) 7524:(1919) 7518:(1919) 7464:(1918) 7429:(1918) 7423:(1917) 7411:(1916) 7405:(1916) 7370:(1915) 6789:(1913) 6771:(1911) 6753:(1905) 6710:Darfur 6635:Serbia 6618:Russia 6581:Greece 6569:France 6559:Brazil 6405:Persia 6348:Serbia 6196:Portal 6175:Front. 6098: 6046: 6014: 5992: 5947: 5915: 5896: 5863: 5805: 5624: 5599: 5568: 5543: 5447: 5422: 5343: 5146: 4843:corps. 2809:Istria 2630:Trento 2568:Sacile 2455:Venice 2449:, 1917 2193:Kaiser 2013:Alpini 1918:Isonzo 1795:Isonzo 1764:Isonzo 1758:, and 1649:Russia 1647:, and 1645:France 1461:Serbia 1425:Serbia 1421:Greece 1309:Trento 1268:, the 1242:German 1190:Tofane 1026:Asiago 891:U-boat 790:Africa 768:Persia 732:Greece 722:Serbia 683:Europe 590:2,872: 573:6,700: 530: 516: 498: 455:France 452: 436: 417: 294: 281: 255: 245:France 242: 228: 139:Trento 98:Result 8296:Other 8089:Japan 8084:Italy 7911:camps 7755:Rugby 6591:Japan 6586:Italy 6564:China 6458:North 6210:Italy 5738:(PDF) 5731:(PDF) 4468:(ii) 4452:Notes 4391:Misc. 2861:Fiume 2703:Tyrol 2670:Fiume 2662:Lissa 2654:Lissa 2355:from 1967:k.u.k 1955:, or 1948:". 1846:Tyrol 1815:k.u.k 1653:Italy 1537:Italy 1513:Italy 862:Samoa 829:Libya 712:Italy 420:Italy 189:Italy 7876:POWs 7202:1918 7104:1917 7030:1916 6931:1915 6835:1914 6640:Siam 6443:East 6096:ISBN 6080:2020 6044:ISBN 6012:ISBN 5990:ISBN 5945:OCLC 5913:ISBN 5894:ISBN 5881:link 5861:ISBN 5803:ISBN 5782:2021 5760:link 5746:2017 5622:ISBN 5597:ISBN 5566:ISBN 5541:ISBN 5522:2018 5480:2020 5445:ISBN 5420:ISBN 5341:ISBN 5157:2021 5144:ISBN 5123:2021 5097:2021 4440:Temù 4050:cos) 2842:Duce 2821:Zara 2782:and 2762:and 2717:The 2687:Zara 2685:and 2679:Pola 2668:and 2666:Zara 2660:and 2648:and 2614:KIAs 2487:The 2333:The 2208:and 2070:Soča 2039:and 1926:May. 1832:the 1730:1915 1713:1915 1699:and 1685:1915 1663:and 1633:1915 1607:and 1601:1915 1563:and 1549:1914 1529:1914 1515:and 1501:1914 1489:Rome 1473:1914 1437:1914 1427:and 1397:1911 1362:1908 1327:and 1311:and 1284:and 1260:and 1223:The 1114:1918 1067:1917 1015:1916 974:1915 145:and 89:and 72:Date 5701:, 5683:, 5665:, 5283:ff. 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