Italian fascism - Knowledge

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public address to the Italian people since his rescue from arrest by allied German forces, in which he commended the loyalty of Hitler as an ally while condemning King Victor Emmanuel III of the Kingdom of Italy for betraying Italian fascism. On the topic of the monarchy removing him from power and dismantling the fascist regime, Mussolini stated: "It is not the regime that has betrayed the monarchy, it is the monarchy that has betrayed the regime" and that "When a monarchy fails in its duties, it loses every reason for being. ... The state we want to establish will be national and social in the highest sense of the word; that is, it will be fascist, thus returning to our origins". The fascists at this point did not denounce the

4137: 4524:, business and labour were organized into 12 separate associations, outlawing or integrating all others. These organizations negotiated labour contracts on behalf of all its members with the state acting as the arbitrator. The state tended to favour big industry over small industry, commerce, banking, agriculture, labour and transport even though each sector officially had equal representation. Pricing, production and distribution practices were controlled by employer associations rather than individual firms and labour syndicates negotiated collective labour contracts binding all firms in the particular sector. Enforcement of contracts was difficult and the large bureaucracy delayed resolutions of labour disputes. 3536:. The fasces and the she-wolf symbolized the shared Roman heritage of all the regions that constituted the Italian nation. In 1926, the fasces was adopted by the fascist government of Italy as a symbol of the state. In that year, the fascist government attempted to have the Italian national flag redesigned to incorporate the fasces on it. This attempt to incorporate the fasces on the flag was stopped by strong opposition to the proposal by Italian monarchists. Afterwards, the fascist government in public ceremonies rose the national tricolour flag along with a fascist black flag. Years later, and after Mussolini was forced from power by the King in 1943 only to be rescued by German forces, the 4400: 4957: 4595:

banks, which were clearly too big to fail, but also of the lion's share of the Italian industries". During this period, Mussolini identified his economic policies with "state capitalism" and "state socialism", which later was described as "economic dirigisme", an economic system where the state has the power to direct economic production and allocation of resources. By 1939, fascist Italy attained the highest rate of state–ownership of an economy in the world other than the Soviet Union, where the Italian state "controlled over four-fifths of Italy's shipping and shipbuilding, three-quarters of its pig iron production and almost half that of steel".

3490:, where parents were given subsidies for a second child, and proportionally increased subsidies for a third, fourth, fifth, and sixth child. Italian fascism called for women to be honoured as "reproducers of the nation" and the Italian fascist government held ritual ceremonies to honour women's role within the Italian nation. In 1934, Mussolini declared that employment of women was a "major aspect of the thorny problem of unemployment" and that for women working was "incompatible with childbearing". Mussolini went on to say that the solution to unemployment for men was the "exodus of women from the work force". Although the initial 4173:

did fascism become really widespread. The industrialists began to throw their financial support behind Mussolini after he renamed his party and retracted his former support for Lenin and the Russian Revolution. Moreover, toward the end of 1920, fascism began to spread into the countryside, bidding for the support of large landowners, particularly in the area between Bologna and Ferrara, a traditional stronghold of the Left, and scene of frequent violence. Socialist and Catholic organizers of farm hands in that region, Venezia Giulia, Tuscany, and even distant Apulia, were soon attacked by

3965: 4327: 2976:. The fascist regime imposed mandatory Italianization upon the German and South Slavic populations living within Italy's borders. The fascist regime abolished the teaching of minority German and Slavic languages in schools, German and Slavic language newspapers were shut down and geographical and family names in areas of German or Slavic languages were to be Italianized. This resulted in significant violence against South Slavs deemed to be resisting Italianization. The fascist regime supported the annexation of 3841: 4493: 3515: 3130: 2876: 18624: 1878: 3200: 11202: 4019:(1919), thus the Allies had impeded Italy's progress to becoming a "Great Power". Thenceforth, the PNF successfully exploited that "slight" to Italian nationalism in presenting fascism as best-suited for governing the country by successfully claiming that democracy, socialism and liberalism were failed systems. The PNF assumed Italian government in 1922, consequent to the fascist Leader Mussolini's oratory and Blackshirt paramilitary political violence. 4604: 4128:, one of the early influences on Mussolini's thought and later a member of his administration, championed the concept of proletarian nationalism, writing about Italy in 1910: "We are the proletarian people in respect to the rest of the world. Nationalism is our socialism". Mussolini would come to use similar wording, for instance referring to fascist Italy during World War II as the "proletarian nations that rise up against the plutocrats". 4440:

1925 dictatorship as "Liberal-Fascism, a hybrid, unstable, and transitory regime type under which the formal juridical-institutional framework of the liberal regime was conserved", which still allowed pluralism, competitive elections, freedom of the press and the right of trade unions to strike. Liberal Party leaders and industrialists thought that they could neutralize Mussolini by making him the head of a coalition government, where as

3357:. The term "totalitarian" had initially been used as a pejorative accusation by Italy's liberal opposition that denounced the fascist movement for seeking to create a total dictatorship. However, the fascists responded by accepting that they were totalitarian, but presented totalitarianism from a positive viewpoint. Mussolini described totalitarianism as seeking to forge an authoritarian national state that would be capable of completing 68: 3645: 3396:

become a fascist. He was fired from his newspaper and put under 24-hour surveillance, but otherwise not harassed; his employment contract was settled for a lump sum and he was allowed to work for the foreign press. Knickerbocker contrasted his treatment with the inevitable torture and execution under Stalin or Hitler, and stated "you have a fair idea of the comparative mildness of the Italian kind of totalitarianism".

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Victor Emmanuel III had become a popular ruler in the aftermath of Italy's gains after World War I and the army held close loyalty to the King, thus any idea of overthrowing the monarchy was discarded as foolhardy by the fascists at this point. Importantly, fascism's recognition of monarchy provided fascism with a sense of historical continuity and legitimacy. The fascists publicly identified King

3564:, Giuseppe Garibaldi and others, for being within a tradition of dictatorship in Italy that the fascists declared that they emulated. However, this compromise with the monarchy did not yield a cordial relationship between the King and Mussolini. Although Mussolini had formally accepted the monarchy, he pursued and largely achieved reducing the power of the King to that of a 2959:. The fascists especially focused their claims based on the Venetian cultural heritage of Dalmatia, claiming that Venetian rule had been beneficial for all Dalmatians and had been accepted by the Dalmatian population. The fascists were outraged when in 1919, after World War I, the agreement between Italy and the Entente Allies to have Dalmatia join Italy made in the 1915 4679:

obedience" that obligated everyone to uphold fascism. Once declaring in his youth that "religion is a species of mental disease", Mussolini "wanted the appearance of being greatly favoured by the Pope" while simultaneously "subordinate to no one". Mussolini's widow attested in her 1974 book that her husband was "basically irreligious until the later years of his life".

3943:(The Leader's Assassin), was sentenced to five years' imprisonment, but served only eleven months and was freed under amnesty from King Victor Emmanuel III. Moreover, when the King supported Prime Minister Mussolini the socialists quit Parliament in protest, leaving the fascists to govern unopposed. In that time, assassination was not yet the 4161:

working-class people: "We declare war on socialism, not because it is socialist, but because it has opposed nationalism". Moreover, for campaign financing in the 1920–1921 period the National fascist Party also courted the industrialists and (historically feudal) landowners by appealing to their fears of left-wing socialist and

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Fascism is for the only liberty which can be a serious thing, the liberty of the state and of the individual in the state. Therefore for the fascist, everything is in the state, and no human or spiritual thing exists, or has any sort of value, outside the state. In this sense fascism is totalitarian,

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in Rome, he said "Race? It is a feeling, not a reality: ninety-five percent, at least, is a feeling. Nothing will ever make me believe that biologically pure races can be shown to exist today". By 1938, however, he began to actively support racist policies in the Italian Fascist regime, as evidenced

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A year after the creation of the IRI, Mussolini boasted to his Chamber of Deputies: "Three-fourths of the Italian economy, industrial and agricultural, is in the hands of the state". As Italy continued to nationalize its economy, the IRI "became the owner not only of the three most important Italian

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was both head of state and head of government of a republic; and Mussolini in private denounced the monarchy and indicated that he had plans to dismantle the monarchy and create a republic with himself as head of state of Italy upon an Italian success in the then-anticipated major war about to erupt

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that had been taken by France as a protectorate in 1881 had the highest concentration of Italians in North Africa and its seizure by France had been viewed as an injury to national honour in Italy at what they perceived as a "loss" of Tunisia from Italian plans to incorporate it. Upon entering World

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and so on. During Italy's coalition government era, pro-business policies apparently did not contradict the State's financing of banks and industry. Political scientist Franklin Hugh Adler referred to this coalition period between Mussolini's appointment as prime minister on 31 October 1922 and his

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By the early 1920s, popular support for the fascist movement's fight against Bolshevism numbered some 250,000 people. In 1921, the fascists metamorphosed into the PNF and achieved political legitimacy when Mussolini was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1922. Although the Liberal Party retained

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Historian Charles F. Delzell reports: "At first, the fascist Revolutionary Party was concentrated in Milan and a few other cities. They gained ground quite slowly, between 1919 and 1920; not until after the scare, brought about by the workers "occupation of the factories" in the late summer of 1920

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After being removed from office and placed under arrest by the King in 1943, with the Kingdom of Italy's new non-fascist government switching sides from the Axis to the Allies, Italian fascism returned to republicanism and condemnation of the monarchy. On 18 September 1943, Mussolini made his first

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and denounced the Savoy monarchy. However, Mussolini tactically abandoned republicanism in 1922 and recognized that the acceptance of the monarchy was a necessary compromise to gain the support of the establishment to challenge the liberal constitutional order that also supported the monarchy. King

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as the cause of criminality amongst male youth. Fascist Italy reflected the belief of most Italians that homosexuality was wrong. Instead of the traditional Catholic teaching that it was a sin, a new approach was taken, based on the contemporary psychoanalysis, that it was a social disease. Fascist

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The Fascist state is a will to power and empire. The Roman tradition is here a powerful force. According to the Doctrine of Fascism, an empire is not only a territorial or military or mercantile concept, but a spiritual and moral one. One can think of an empire, that is, a nation, which directly or

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When dealing with such a race as Slavic—inferior and barbarian—we must not pursue the carrot, but the stick policy. We should not be afraid of new victims. The Italian border should run across the Brenner Pass, Monte Nevoso and the Dinaric Alps. I would say we can easily sacrifice 500,000 barbaric

5024:("Who gives up is a rogue"); the first meaning of "boia" is "executioner, hangman", but in this context it means "scoundrel, rogue, villain, blackguard, knave, lowlife" and it can also be used as an exclamation of strong irritation or disappointment or as a pejoratively superlative adjective (e.g. 3596:

The relationship between Italian fascism and the Catholic Church was mixed, as originally the fascists were highly anti-clerical and hostile to Catholicism, though from the mid to late 1920s anti-clericalism lost ground in the movement as Mussolini in power sought to seek accord with the Church as

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Italian fascism believed that the success of Italian nationalism required a clear sense of a shared past amongst the Italian people along with a commitment to a modernized Italy. In a famous speech in 1926, Mussolini called for fascist art that was "traditionalist and at the same time modern, that

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allowed the fascists taking the law in hand. The violence between socialists and the mostly self-organized squadristi militias, especially in the countryside, had increased so dramatically that Mussolini was pressured to call a truce to bring about "reconciliation with the Socialists". Signed in

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in 1938, a two-person position of control over the military held by both the King and the head of government that had the effect of eliminating the King's previously exclusive legal authority over the military by giving Mussolini equal legal authority to the King over the military. In the 1930s,

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Mussolini perceived women's primary role to be childbearers while men were warriors, once saying that "war is to man what maternity is to the woman". In an effort to increase birthrates, the Italian fascist government initiated policies designed to reduce a need for families to be dependent on a

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that it considered within Italy's Fourth Shore, with Libya's four coastal provinces of Tripoli, Misurata, Benghazi and Derna becoming an integral part of metropolitan Italy. At the same time, indigenous Libyans were given the ability to apply for "Special Italian Citizenship" which required such

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was a dialect of Italian and theories about Malta being the cradle of the Latin civilization were promoted. Italian had been widely used in Malta in the literary, scientific and legal fields and it was one of Malta's official languages until 1937 when its status was abolished by the British as a

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wrote in 1941: "Mussolini's Fascist state is the least terroristic of the three totalitarian states. The terror is so mild in comparison with the Soviet or Nazi varieties, that it almost fails to qualify as terroristic at all." As example he described an Italian journalist friend who refused to

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To the south, the fascist regime held an interest in expanding Italy's African colonial possessions. In the 1920s, Italy regarded Portugal as a weak country that was unbecoming of a colonial power due to its weak hold on its colonies and mismanagement of them and as such Italy desired to annexe

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who said: "Corsica and Nice must not belong to France; there will come the day when an Italy mindful of its true worth will reclaim its provinces now so shamefully languishing under foreign domination". Mussolini initially pursued promoting annexation of Corsica through political and diplomatic

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Not long after the Lateran Treaty was signed, Mussolini was almost "excommunicated" over his "intractable" determination to prevent the Vatican from having control over education. In reply, the Pope protested Mussolini's "pagan worship of the state" and the imposition of an "exclusive oath of

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contained a reference to universal suffrage, this broad opposition to feminism meant that when it granted women the right to vote in 1925 it was limited purely to voting in local elections, and only applied to a small section of the female population. Furthermore, this reform was quickly made

3255:" and that "Italy knows no antisemitism and we believe that it will never know it" and then elaborated "let us hope that Italian Jews will continue to be sensible enough so as not to give rise to antisemitism in the only country where it has never existed". In 1932 during a conversation with 4160:

socio-economic policies, discontented workers and peasants proved an abundant source of popular political power, especially because of peasant opposition to socialist agricultural collectivism. Thus armed, the former socialist Benito Mussolini oratorically inspired and mobilized country and

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became an ardent Mussolini admirer after visiting Italy in 1932 and advocated the Italian annexation of Switzerland whilst receiving fascist foreign aid. The country was host for two Italian politico-cultural activities: the International Centre for Fascist Studies (CINEF —

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of 1215, whereby the Pope issued strict regulation of the life of Jews in Christian lands. Jews were prohibited from holding any public office that would give them power over Christians and Jews were required to wear distinctive clothing to distinguish them from Christians.

8922: 3094:". The fascist regime accused the Swiss government of oppressing the Romansch people in Graubünden. Mussolini argued that Romansch was an Italian dialect and thus Graubünden should be incorporated into Italy. Ticino was also claimed because the region had belonged to the 3399:

However, since World War II historians have noted that in Italy's colonies Italian fascism displayed extreme levels of violence. The deaths of one-tenth of the population of the Italian colony of Libya occurred during the fascist era, including from the use of gassings,

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in Rome. Upon ratification of the Lateran Treaty, the papacy recognized the state of Italy in exchange for diplomatic recognition of the Vatican City, territorial compensations, introduction of religious education into all state funded schools in Italy and 50 million

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and nightly expeditions to burn Socialist and Catholic labor headquarters had begun. During this time period, Mussolini's fascist squads also engaged in violent attacks against the Church where "several priests were assassinated and churches burned by the fascists".

3327:, reportedly opposed the Racial Laws. Balbo, in particular, regarded antisemitism as having nothing to do with fascism and staunchly opposed the antisemitic laws. After 1938, discrimination and persecution intensified and became an increasingly important hallmark of 3895:

to majority representation. The party who received the most votes (provided they possessed at least 25 percent of cast votes) won two-thirds of the parliament; the remaining third was proportionately shared among the other parties, thus the fascist manipulation of

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The Fascist accepts and loves life; he rejects and despises suicide as cowardly. Life as he understands it means duty, elevation, conquest; life must be lofty and full, it must be lived for oneself but above all for others, both near bye and far off, present and

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proposes the world as action in the realm of humanity – beyond the quotidian constrictions of contemporary political trend, by rejecting "perpetual peace" as fantastical and accepting Man as a species continually at war; those who meet the challenge, achieve

4419:, was removed from his post as Minister of Economics (1922–1925), Italy's coalition government was able to restart the economy and balanced the national budget. Stefani developed economic policies that were aligned with classical liberalism principles as 3185:

Portugal's colonies. Italy's relations with Portugal were influenced by the rise to power of the authoritarian conservative nationalist regime of Salazar, which borrowed fascist methods, though Salazar upheld Portugal's traditional alliance with Britain.

3259:, Mussolini described antisemitism as a "German vice" and stated: "There was 'no Jewish Question' in Italy and could not be one in a country with a healthy system of government". On several occasions, Mussolini spoke positively about Jews and the 2723:

grew politically closer in the latter half of the 1930s, Italian laws and policies became explicitly antisemitic due to pressure from Nazi Germany (even though antisemitic laws were not commonly enforced in Italy), including the passage of the

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means, believing that Corsica could be annexed to Italy through first encouraging the existing autonomist tendencies in Corsica and then the independence of Corsica from France, that would be followed by the annexation of Corsica into Italy.

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descent, had been driven out of Dalmatia and into exile in Italy, and supported the return of Italians of Dalmatian heritage. Mussolini identified Dalmatia as having strong Italian cultural roots for centuries via the Roman Empire and the

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Given the overwhelmingly rural nature of Italian economy in the period, agriculture was vital to fascist economic policies and propaganda. To strengthen the domestic Italian production of grain, the fascist Government established in 1925

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who indicated that France would oppose Italian unification unless France was given Nice and Savoy that were held by Piedmont-Sardinia, as France did not want a powerful state having control of all the passages of the Alps. As a result,

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in the entirety of its history and credited Victor Emmanuel II for his rejection of "scornfully dishonourable pacts" and denounced Victor Emmanuel III for betraying Victor Emmanuel II by entering a dishonourable pact with the Allies.

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and used the historical Roman rule in North Africa as a precedent to justify the incorporation of such territories to Italian jurisdiction as being a "return" of Italy to North Africa. In January 1939, Italy annexed territories in

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According to historian Zeev Sternhell, "most syndicalist leaders were among the founders of the fascist movement", who in later years gained key posts in Mussolini's regime. Mussolini expressed great admiration for the ideas of

3331:. Nevertheless, Mussolini and the Italian military did not consistently apply the laws adopted in the Manifesto of Race. In 1943, Mussolini expressed regret for the endorsement, saying that it could've been avoided. After the 3005:

the incorporation of Albania was a reasonable measure that would unite people of Albanian descent into one state. The fascist regime endorsed Albanian irredentism, directed against the predominantly Albanian-populated

3307:", the seventh point of which stated that "it is time that Italians proclaim themselves to be openly racist", although Mussolini said that the Manifesto was endorsed "entirely for political reasons", in deference to 3066:(Italianness) of the island. The fascist regime produced literature on Nice that justified that Nice was an Italian land based on historic, ethnic and linguistic grounds. The fascists quoted Medieval Italian scholar 2971:

population, whereby Slovenia would become an Italian province, resulting in a quarter of Slovene ethnic territory and approximately 327,000 out of a total population of 1.3 million Slovenes being subjected to forced

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being linked together in corporative associations to collectively represent the nation's economic producers and work alongside the state to set national economic policy. Mussolini declared such economics as a

3871:), Mussolini said that democracy is "beautiful in theory; in practice, it is a fallacy" and spoke of celebrating the burial of the "putrid corpse of liberty". In 1923, to give Deputy Mussolini control of the 2996:

populations and that the major influence exerted by the Roman and Venetian empires over Albania justified Italy's right to possess it. The fascist regime also justified the annexation of Albania on the basis

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inhabited by a substantial number of Albanians. After Italy annexed Albania in 1939, the fascist regime endorsed assimilating Albanians into Italians and colonizing Albania with Italian settlers from the

2778:(PNF) founded in 1921 declared that the party was to serve as "a revolutionary militia placed at the service of the nation. It follows a policy based on three principles: order, discipline, hierarchy". 2803:, identifying ancient Rome as the First Rome and Renaissance-era Italy as the Second Rome. Italian fascism has emulated ancient Rome and Mussolini in particular emulated ancient Roman leaders, such as 3853:, who he claimed was instrumental in birthing the core principles of Italian fascism. J. L. Talmon argued that fascism billed itself "not only as an alternative, but also as the heir to socialism". 3621:

in 1870. Italian fascism justified its adoption of antisemitic laws in 1938 by claiming that Italy was fulfilling the Christian religious mandate of the Catholic Church that had been initiated by

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In 1929, Mussolini acknowledged the contributions of Italian Jews to Italian society, despite their minority status, and believed that Jewish culture was Mediterranean, aligning with his early

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State permission was required for almost any business activity, such as expanding a factory, merging a business, or to fire or lay off an employee. All wages were set by the government, and a

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to regain "lost overseas territories of Italy" deemed necessary to restore Italian nationalist pride. Italian Fascists also claimed that modern Italy was an heiress to the imperial legacy of

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was pressured to concede Nice and Savoy to France in exchange for France accepting the unification of Italy. The fascist regime produced literature on Corsica that presented evidence of the

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from the mid-fourteenth century until 1515, as well as being inhabited by Italian speakers of Italian ethnicity. Claim was also raised on the basis that areas now part of Graubünden in the

6617: 9167: 4587:. As Prime Minister, Mussolini physically participated with the workers in doing the work; the "politics as theatre" legacy of Gabriele D' Annunzio yielded great propaganda images of 3437:

no longer existed in the country. Preliminary plans as of 1939 intended to divide the country into 22 corporations which would send representatives to Parliament from each industry.

16563: 8267: 3469:. Fascist Italy promoted what it considered normal sexual behaviour in youth while denouncing what it considered deviant sexual behaviour. It condemned pornography, most forms of 4691:

period, many political scientists and philosophers sought ideological inspiration from Italy. Mussolini's establishment of law and order to Italy and its society was praised by

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in associations to collectively represent the nation's economic producers and work alongside the state to set national economic policy. This economic system intended to resolve

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and assume the government of Italy to restore nationalist pride, restart the economy, increase productivity with labor controls, remove economic business controls and impose

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in Switzerland (the Romansch are a people with a Latin-based language). In November 1938, Mussolini declared to the Grand Fascist Council: "We shall bring our border to the

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The issue of the rule of monarchy or republic in Italy was an issue that changed several times through the development of Italian fascism, as initially Italian fascism was

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labor politics and urban and rural strikes. The fascists promised a good business climate of cost-effective labor, wage and political stability; and the fascist Party was

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was imposed in Italy. Restrictions on labor increased. While corporations still could earn profits, Italian fascism supported criminalization of strikes by employees and

13226: 4815:, 1932) called for the Italian annexation of Spain, led by Mussolini presiding an international Latin Roman Catholic empire. He then progressed to close associated with 6050:, and Implications of the Neutralized Zone of Savoy and of the Customs-free Zones of Gex and Upper Savoy. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1949. p. 196. 3496: 4109:("Politics as Theatre") was stylistic (ceremony, uniform, harangue and chanting) and not substantive, which Italian Fascism artfully developed as a government model. 8728: 5884: 4547:(IRI – Institute for Industrial Reconstruction) was established to subsidize failing companies and soon controlled important portions of the national economy via 9020: 8886: 4671:

also confirmed Profima SA as the Vatican's company which was accused during WW II of engaging in "activities contrary to Allied interests". Cambridge historian

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D'Annunzio on Christmas 1920. In the development of the fascist model of government, D'Annunzio was a nationalist and not a fascist, whose legacy of political–

12561: 18230: 3786:(1922–1943) is historically considered an authoritarian–totalitarian dictatorship, it retained the original "liberal democratic" government façade: the 11784: 8672: 1536: 18046: 7907: 3540:

founded by Mussolini and the fascists did incorporate the fasces on the state's war flag, which was a variant of the Italian tricolour national flag.

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Sestani, Armando, ed. (10 February 2012). "Il confine orientale: una terra, molti esodi" [The Eastern Border: One Land, Multiple Exoduses].

18245: 16558: 5610: 4030:), a mostly Italian city of little nationalist significance, until early 1919. Moreover, elsewhere Italy was then excluded from the wartime secret 1232: 841: 8057:

Mussolini's interview, "Soliloquy for 'freedom' Trimellone island", on the Italian Island of Trimelone, journalist Ivanoe Fossani, 20 March 1945,

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industry was developing. Especially after the 1936 League of Nations sanctions against Italian invasion of Ethiopia, Mussolini strongly advocated

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inflated Italy's economy with great debts, unemployment (aggravated by thousands of demobilised soldiers), social discontent featuring strikes,

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Shinn, Christopher A. (2019) . "Inside the Italian Empire: Colonial Africa, Race Wars, and the 'Southern Question'". In Kirkland, Ewan (ed.).

3462:(Youth). Fascism identifies the physical age period of youth as a critical time for the moral development of people that will affect society. 17971: 17487: 12770: 12567: 12146: 10293: 9642: 9189: 7768: 4224: 4179: 3908: 2304: 9159: 4479:

company, to which the Italian fascist Government granted official radio-broadcast monopoly. After the defeat of fascism in 1944, URI became

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of 1917, although Mussolini had originally praised Lenin's October Revolution and publicly referred to himself in 1919 as "Lenin of Italy".

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states that fascism is a "religious conception of life" and forms a "spiritual community" in contrast to bourgeois materialism. The slogan

2292: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 8324: 5811: 4323:. The manifesto was divided into four sections, describing the movement's objectives in political, social, military and financial fields. 3377:

and the fascist state which is the synthesis and unity of every value, interprets, develops and strengthens the entire life of the people.

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that symbolized unity, authority and the exercise of power. Other traditional symbols of ancient Rome used by the fascists included the

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Italian fascism is based upon Italian nationalism and in particular seeks to complete what it considers as the incomplete project of

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Claudia Lazzaro, Roger J. Crum. "Forging a Visible Fascist Nation: Strategies for Fusing the Past and Present" by Claudia Lazzaro,

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Claudia Lazzaro, Roger J. Crum. "Forging a Visible Fascist Nation: Strategies for Fusing the Past and Present" by Claudia Lazzaro,

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The Hunchback's Tailor: Giovanni Giolitti and Liberal Italy from the Challenge of Mass Politics to the Rise of Fascism, 1882–1922

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the Church held major influence in Italian society with most Italians being Catholic. In 1929, the Italian government signed the

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because of the latter's frequent opposition to nationalism, but it was also opposed to the reactionary conservatism developed by

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Gregor, A. James. 2006. "The Search for Neofascism: The Use and Abuse of Social Science". New York: Cambridge University Press.

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Barrera, Giulia (2003). "Mussolini's colonial race laws and state-settler relations in Africa Orientale Italiana (1935–41)".

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withdrew his support of Prime Minister Facta and appointed PNF Leader Benito Mussolini as the sixth Prime Minister of Italy.

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who said: "The border of Italy is the Var; consequently Nice is a part of Italy". The fascists quoted Italian national hero

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Mussolini became aggravated by the monarchy's continued existence due to envy of the fact that his counterpart in Germany

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tradition that followed the unification of Italy, that the fascists claimed had been left incomplete and abandoned in the

1651: 293: 18235: 18077: 17961: 17793: 17442: 16299: 14292: 14137: 14000: 13975: 13806: 13776: 13162: 13097: 12871: 12765: 12577: 10298: 10161: 8725: 3059: 3043: 1210: 2728:. When the fascists were in power, they also persecuted some linguistic minorities in Italy. In addition, the Greeks in 18159: 17951: 17621: 17161: 17050: 16573: 16379: 14381: 14267: 13821: 13796: 13616: 13586: 13516: 13127: 13082: 13067: 13032: 12984: 12587: 12236: 12046: 11662: 11017: 10602: 10229: 10062: 9823: 9610: 9512: 9507:"Mussolini's Intellectuals: Fascist Social and Political Thought". Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 2005. 9365: 9230: 9123: 9029: 9004: 8916: 8804: 8784: 8714: 8684: 8648: 8599: 8464: 8444: 8419: 8399: 8379: 8355: 8235: 8212: 8189: 8169: 8099: 8046: 8026: 7980: 7828: 7682: 7662: 7642: 7622: 7598: 7471: 7451: 7431: 7379: 7359: 7339: 7319: 7288: 7268: 7243: 7179: 7159: 7139: 7057: 7037: 7006: 6986: 6914: 6891: 6852: 6685: 6560: 6385: 6362: 6342: 6322: 6299: 6279: 6259: 6236: 6213: 6151: 6131: 6095: 6075: 6022: 6002: 5957: 5934: 5868: 5796: 5776: 5756: 5731: 5691: 5671: 5604: 5395: 5350: 5330: 5297: 5277: 5182: 5177: 4250:

Government could not control Italy, the fascist leader Mussolini took matters in hand, combating those issues with the

3915:, who on 30 May 1924 in Parliament formally accused the PNF of electoral fraud and reiterated his denunciations of PNF 3218: 3028: 2897: 2458: 2164: 1414: 861: 17976: 9141: 3274:. He also argued that Jews were natives to Italy, after living for a long period in the Italian Peninsula. Initially, 18113: 17778: 17417: 16603: 16593: 15877: 13995: 13955: 13726: 13701: 13641: 13294: 12930: 12121: 11238: 10249: 10224: 10067: 8870: 8392:

Italian Industrialists from Liberalism to Fascism: The political development of the industrial bourgeoisie, 1906–1934

6473: 5711: 5254: 5234: 2168: 1101: 811: 801: 17370: 13341: 8135: 3725:. To wit, actual idealism generally accepted that conquerors were the men of historical consequence, e.g. the Roman 3001:

because several hundred thousand people of Albanian descent had been absorbed into society in southern Italy already

18684: 18537: 18179: 18072: 17783: 14205: 13985: 13706: 13284: 13117: 12825: 12785: 12572: 12498: 12493: 12003: 10621: 9902: 9788: 4635:. In February 1929, as Italian Head of Government, Mussolini concluded the unresolved Church–State conflict of the 2423: 1146: 1131: 17571: 8094:

Roger Griffin, Matthew Feldman. Fascism: Fascism and culture. London; New York City, US: Routledge, 2004. p. 207.

18287: 17873: 17673: 17207: 17176: 16899: 16164: 16033: 14277: 14064: 13920: 13900: 13883: 13326: 13289: 13087: 12979: 12458: 12374: 11814: 10745: 10657: 10504: 10499: 10330: 10198: 8513: 7729:

The Italian 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential, Cultural, Scientific, and Political Figures, Past and Present

6037:, and Implications of the Neutralized Zone of Savoy and of the Customs-free Zones of Gex and Upper Savoy. p. 196. 5682:

Claudia Lazzaro, Roger J. Crum. "Augustus, Mussolini, and the Parallel Imagery of Empire" by Ann Thomas Wilkins,

5421:(in Italian). Instituto storico della Resistenca e dell'Età Contemporanea in Provincia di Lucca. pp. 12–13. 4097:

politics, which much influenced the politico-philosophic development of early Italian fascism. Consequent to the

3617:. This ended years of perceived alienation between the Church and the Italian government after Italy annexed the 3118:

met with Hitler and Ribbentrop and proposed to them the dissection of Switzerland along the central chain of the

2901: 2325: 1561: 1262: 1031: 17: 17412: 17407: 15715: 13331: 11716: 7868: 4136: 1468: 514: 17956: 17638: 17581: 17282: 17277: 16598: 16503: 16264: 15998: 15862: 14966: 14142: 13596: 13092: 12896: 12780: 12141: 10693: 10281: 9758: 9498: 9483: 9445: 9410: 9395: 9330: 8880: 8853: 8764: 8523: 8496: 8145: 8003: 7956: 7901: 7737: 7710: 7566: 7501: 7407: 7119: 6171: 5894: 5839: 5370: 5091: 5002:("If I advance, follow me. If I retreat, kill me. If I die, avenge me"). Borrowed from French Royalist General 4394: 3561: 3168:

people to be literate in the Italian language and confined this type of citizenship to be valid in Libya only.

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held by France were Italian lands. During the period of Italian unification in 1860 to 1861, Prime Minister of

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To the north of Italy, the fascist regime in the 1930s had designs on the largely Italian-populated region of

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A Low Dishonest Decade: The Great Powers, Eastern Europe, and the Economic Origins of World War II, 1930–1941

5128: 4667:

that were shifted from Italian bank shares into a Swiss company Profima SA. British wartime records from the

4112:

At the same time, Mussolini and many of his revolutionary syndicalist adherents gravitated towards a form of

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is the official formulation of Italian fascism, published under Benito Mussolini's name in 1933. Gentile was

3311:

wishes. The "Manifesto of Race", which was published on 14 July 1938, paved the way for the enactment of the

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response to Italy's invasion of Ethiopia. Italian irredentists had claimed that territories on the coast of

18669: 18664: 17616: 17482: 17340: 17307: 16729: 16513: 15256: 14386: 14342: 14317: 14235: 14215: 13621: 13531: 13526: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13189: 13137: 13112: 12790: 12627: 12602: 12545: 12251: 11993: 11283: 10703: 10642: 10627: 10479: 10340: 9793: 4859: 4791: 4727: 4375: 4308:(June 1919) of the PFR presented the politico-philosophic tenets of fascism. The manifesto was authored by 4206:

were soldiers who were specifically trained for a life of violence and wore unique blackshirt uniforms and

4124:

of the twentieth century" while he was in the process of shifting his views from socialism to nationalism.

4023: 3951:

usually disposed of opponents in the Imperial Roman way: political arrest punished with island banishment.

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proposed an Italy of greater living standards under a one-party fascist system than under the multi-party

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in 1919, the Allies compelled the Kingdom of Italy to yield to Yugoslavia the Croatian seaport of Fiume (

3892: 3575: 3295: 2893: 2474: 2315: 1441: 1185: 607: 399: 16209: 13249: 11880: 11789: 7491: 3365:, forge a powerful modern Italy and create a new kind of citizen – politically active fascist Italians. 1627: 692: 18674: 18468: 18360: 17853: 17257: 16643: 16533: 16129: 15241: 14761: 14337: 14322: 14247: 14225: 14220: 14157: 13878: 13840: 13696: 13676: 13651: 13448: 13413: 13408: 13132: 12935: 12861: 12820: 12685: 12582: 12530: 12418: 12211: 12151: 12071: 11102: 10730: 10550: 10457: 10430: 10365: 10239: 9773: 9699: 9672: 9656: 9606:

New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, contains chapters on fascist movements in different countries.

6716: 6205: 6164:

Ticino irredento: la frontiera contesa : dalla battaglia culturale dell'Adula ai piani d'invasione

5632: 5157: 5003: 4068: 3533: 3518: 3405: 3332: 3251:(PNF). In the early 1920s, Mussolini wrote an article which stated that Fascism would never elevate a " 3194: 2708: 2408: 2367: 1802: 1163: 1136: 986: 971: 851: 187: 16429: 15685: 15574: 13042: 8116: 4956: 4116:

in an effort to "identify the 'communality' of man not with class, but with the nation". According to

1215: 18659: 17808: 17437: 17272: 17020: 16618: 15817: 15341: 14302: 14132: 14084: 14079: 13970: 13801: 13761: 13656: 13458: 13403: 13398: 12850: 12795: 12740: 12705: 12637: 12550: 12503: 12438: 12394: 11548: 11132: 10898: 10821: 10785: 9803: 9768: 9763: 8695: 5539:

Olindo De Napoli (2012). "The origin of the Racist Laws under fascism. A problem of historiography".

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The March on Rome became a victory parade: the fascists believed their success was revolutionary and

4320: 4297: 4113: 3174: 2716: 2598: 2496: 2438: 2403: 2398: 1926: 1822: 959: 702: 361: 14620: 11824: 11753: 8565: 5197: 2834:

indirectly guides other nations, without the need to conquer a single square kilometre of territory.

1571: 1505: 18689: 18649: 18118: 17868: 17843: 17738: 17723: 17536: 17385: 17267: 17227: 17166: 17040: 16814: 16028: 15730: 15361: 15104: 15063: 14665: 14312: 14192: 14122: 14069: 14020: 13850: 13791: 13691: 13681: 13646: 13636: 13631: 13571: 13536: 13376: 13274: 13107: 13072: 12735: 12690: 12607: 12592: 12412: 12241: 12013: 11388: 11353: 11293: 11147: 11137: 11117: 11087: 11042: 10740: 10582: 10514: 10484: 10464: 10345: 10021: 9986: 9783: 9626: 8973: 8435: 8370: 8346: 7071: 4894: 4735: 4708: 4481: 4371: 4281: 4273:. The peace pact was officially denounced during the Third Fascist Congress on 7–10 November 1921. 3787: 3134: 2620: 2610: 2567: 2418: 2153: 2011: 1894: 1827: 1752: 1740: 1158: 1106: 1073: 1016: 1006: 981: 976: 722: 204: 192: 97: 16959: 16354: 14906: 14756: 14554: 9639: 9197: 8111: 7776: 7424:

Mussolini's Last Republic: Propaganda and Politics in the Italian Social Republic (R.S.I.) 1943–45

6498: 5272:. Third edition. Malden, Massachusetts; Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 2009. p. 160. 4675:

wrote in his book that this financial settlement ensured the "papacy would never be poor again".

622: 509: 18443: 18317: 17611: 17467: 17457: 17375: 17010: 16699: 16638: 16518: 16498: 16254: 16073: 15513: 14437: 14210: 13626: 13611: 13383: 13371: 12856: 12725: 12622: 12293: 12268: 12221: 12116: 11892: 11027: 10790: 10647: 10617: 10592: 10509: 10469: 10408: 10307: 10072: 10042: 8984: 6697:

Goeschel, Christian (March 2017). "Staging Friendship: Mussolini and Hitler in Germany in 1937".

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Sarti, Roland (8 January 2008). "Fascist Modernization in Italy: Traditional or Revolutionary".

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between Italy and the Catholic Church that allowed for the creation of a small enclave known as

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Also published under "Mussolini confessed to the stars", Publishing House Latinitas, Rome, 1952

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Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice: An Interview with Michael Ledeen

7030:

Population Politics in Twentieth Century Europe: Fascist Dictatorships and Liberal Democracies

6999:

Population Politics in Twentieth Century Europe: Fascist Dictatorships and Liberal Democracies

6335:

The Walled Arab City in Literature, Architecture and History: The Living Medina in the Maghrib

5634:

Diplomatic documents relating to Italy's aggression against Greece ; the Greek White Book

5506: 4469:(Bank of Sicily) also were state-financed. In 1924, a private business enterprise established 4120:, Mussolini came to believe that "Fascism was the only form of 'socialism' appropriate to the 1453: 18654: 18599: 18426: 17915: 17858: 17818: 17758: 17728: 17556: 17330: 16894: 16889: 16864: 16854: 16844: 16719: 16548: 16344: 16309: 16219: 16169: 16113: 16063: 16058: 15978: 15649: 15331: 15012: 14851: 14252: 14230: 14182: 14127: 14117: 14074: 13915: 13786: 13766: 13686: 13546: 13279: 13201: 13184: 13122: 13052: 13037: 12891: 12350: 12318: 12313: 12273: 12263: 12196: 12126: 12091: 12066: 11615: 11472: 11231: 11032: 10959: 10939: 10853: 10802: 10560: 10540: 10350: 9944: 9912: 9798: 9778: 9692: 7236:

Donatello Among The Blackshirts: History And Modernity in the Visual Culture of Fascist Italy

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Germany and the Second World War Organization and Mobilization in the German Sphere of Power.

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Donatello Among The Blackshirts: History And Modernity in the Visual Culture of Fascist Italy

5472: 5388:

Donatello Among The Blackshirts: History And Modernity in the Visual Culture of Fascist Italy

4763: 4358:, Deputy Mussolini (with military, business and liberal right-wing support) launched the PNF 4351: 4247: 4218:, which by mid-1919 had about twenty thousand young men within it. Mussolini appealed to the 4004: 3989: 2939:-era Italy. Fascism sought the incorporation of claimed "unredeemed" territories into Italy. 2433: 2413: 2335: 1972: 1357: 1041: 1011: 762: 569: 524: 504: 288: 16714: 15654: 14816: 12914: 11836: 8039:

The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution: The Origins of Ideological Polarization

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by employers as illegal acts it deemed as prejudicial to the national community as a whole.

2672:, which fascist leaders denounced as "the debacle of individualism". Fascism was opposed to 1583: 18370: 18332: 18189: 18164: 17966: 17523: 17519: 17432: 17360: 17247: 17171: 17097: 17035: 16924: 16859: 16744: 16543: 16414: 16409: 16174: 15720: 15659: 15068: 14200: 14094: 13930: 13925: 13716: 13591: 13206: 13027: 12866: 12680: 12612: 12597: 12308: 12298: 12258: 12186: 12166: 12076: 12056: 11855: 11738: 11543: 11538: 11420: 11410: 10883: 10698: 10587: 10565: 10219: 10117: 10001: 9869: 8225: 5101: 4448: 4355: 4309: 4264: 4177:

squads of fascists, armed with castor oil, blackjacks, and more lethal weapons. The era of

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in exchange for territories at war's end, upon which the Kingdom of Italy held claims (see

3964: 3818: 3738: 3486:

dual-income. The most evident policy to lessen female participation in the workplace was a

3328: 3103: 2669: 2594: 2251: 2042: 1966: 1602: 1490: 1404: 1307: 1121: 737: 519: 356: 351: 236: 226: 18594: 16764: 16334: 15680: 14513: 13316: 11758: 4326: 3985: 3528:

Traditional symbols of Roman civilization were utilized by the fascists, particularly the

3433:

that Italian fascism regarded as "obsolete doctrines". For instance, he said in 1935 that

3278:

did not enact comprehensive racist policies like those policies which were enacted by its

2558:

of Italian Fascism is associated with a series of political parties led by Mussolini: the

1510: 8: 18194: 17541: 17427: 17292: 17287: 17232: 17055: 17045: 16985: 16799: 16794: 16294: 16108: 15973: 15766: 15690: 15644: 15624: 15579: 15406: 15376: 15246: 15089: 15033: 14650: 14610: 14523: 14503: 14401: 14015: 13950: 13910: 13211: 13196: 13174: 12886: 12700: 12667: 12535: 12525: 12283: 12161: 11924: 11899: 11333: 11318: 11167: 11157: 11112: 10878: 10843: 10838: 10555: 10176: 10112: 10032: 9543:

Liberalism and The Challenge of Fascism, Social Forces in England and France (1815–1870).

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The fascist government's model was very influential beyond Italy. In the twenty-one-year

4580: 4277: 4157: 4012: 3973: 3730: 3568:. The King initially held complete nominal legal authority over the military through the 3392: 3372:(1932) described the nature of Italian fascism's totalitarianism, stating the following: 3312: 3224: 3206: 2817: 2725: 2658: 2602: 2590: 2213: 2201: 2178: 2080: 1733: 1671: 1646: 1175: 1168: 915: 137: 122: 16274: 15487: 14615: 13393: 13321: 13304: 8799:, New York: Pocket Books, 1977, p. 131. Originally published by William Morrow in 1974. 6596: 5573: 3465:

Italian fascism pursued what it called "moral hygiene" of youth, particularly regarding

602: 459: 18416: 18169: 17390: 17297: 17202: 17071: 16995: 16909: 16904: 16829: 16689: 16659: 16633: 16628: 16553: 16528: 16439: 16269: 16199: 16093: 16088: 16083: 15908: 15604: 15099: 14997: 14533: 12952: 12940: 12216: 12201: 11936: 11919: 11748: 11630: 11507: 11457: 11142: 11127: 11107: 10964: 10905: 10858: 10780: 10637: 10607: 10597: 10572: 10545: 10452: 10445: 10381: 10137: 10132: 9849: 9615: 9538: 9433: 9357:

The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe

8306: 7212: 6823: 6736: 6427: 6046:

Adda Bruemmer Bozeman. "Regional Conflicts Around Geneva: An Inquiry into the Origin",

6033:

Adda Bruemmer Bozeman. "Regional Conflicts Around Geneva: An Inquiry into the Origin",

5556: 5453: 4939: 4612: 4382: 4153: 4149: 4121: 4086: 4081: 4043: 3884: 3826: 3549: 3445: 3401: 3336: 3071: 2956: 2947: 2174: 2114: 1762: 1683: 1666: 1500: 1377: 1220: 1126: 672: 318: 273: 16224: 15472: 14680: 12432: 9085: 3574:, but this was ended during the fascist regime when Mussolini created the position of 2715:) that were enshrined into law as official policy over the course of fascist rule. As 18552: 18458: 18199: 17925: 17335: 17117: 17112: 16914: 16779: 16724: 16704: 16578: 16523: 16229: 16008: 15933: 15801: 15538: 15482: 15452: 15391: 15311: 15216: 15155: 15094: 14961: 14856: 14836: 14670: 14630: 14467: 14327: 14297: 14172: 13945: 13858: 13711: 13503: 13453: 13443: 13438: 13311: 13299: 13264: 13241: 13007: 12994: 12695: 12443: 12404: 12181: 12171: 11794: 11625: 11610: 11598: 11553: 11363: 11323: 11092: 11082: 10954: 10868: 10833: 10760: 10750: 10528: 10398: 10312: 10142: 10122: 10096: 10084: 9879: 9874: 9859: 9854: 9839: 9508: 9494: 9479: 9441: 9406: 9391: 9361: 9326: 9226: 9119: 9025: 9000: 8912: 8876: 8849: 8800: 8780: 8760: 8710: 8680: 8644: 8595: 8519: 8492: 8460: 8440: 8415: 8395: 8375: 8351: 8231: 8208: 8185: 8165: 8141: 8095: 8042: 8022: 7999: 7976: 7952: 7897: 7824: 7733: 7706: 7678: 7658: 7638: 7618: 7594: 7562: 7497: 7467: 7447: 7427: 7403: 7375: 7355: 7335: 7315: 7284: 7264: 7239: 7175: 7155: 7135: 7115: 7053: 7033: 7002: 6982: 6910: 6887: 6848: 6827: 6815: 6774: 6740: 6728: 6681: 6556: 6502: 6469: 6431: 6417: 6381: 6358: 6338: 6318: 6295: 6275: 6255: 6232: 6209: 6167: 6147: 6127: 6091: 6071: 6018: 5998: 5953: 5930: 5890: 5864: 5835: 5792: 5772: 5752: 5727: 5707: 5687: 5667: 5600: 5560: 5512: 5478: 5457: 5391: 5366: 5346: 5326: 5293: 5273: 5250: 5230: 5111: 4874: 4799:) and the 1934 congress of the Action Committee for the Universality of Rome (CAUR — 4692: 4476: 4312: 4259: 3912: 3897: 3860: 3810: 3806: 3704: 3622: 3570: 3491: 3304: 3020: 2936: 2677: 2632: 2319: 2129: 1961: 1745: 1728: 1541: 1372: 1352: 1340: 1141: 1051: 996: 781: 717: 579: 469: 366: 162: 127: 17878: 16934: 16424: 16394: 16144: 14861: 14801: 14655: 14498: 13259: 11860: 11675: 9678: 8636: 6979:

Avant-Garde Fascism: The Mobilization of Myth, Art, and Culture in France, 1909–1939

6111:

Neutrality and International Sanctions: Sweden, Switzerland, and Collective Security

4451:, one of the country's most important engineering companies. Subsequent to the 1926 4363: 1607: 1427: 559: 534: 18616: 18453: 18240: 18184: 18108: 17930: 17015: 16874: 16404: 16359: 16279: 16259: 16244: 16234: 16189: 15968: 15898: 15827: 15791: 15786: 15700: 15629: 15609: 15584: 15518: 15356: 15336: 15326: 15306: 15291: 15160: 15145: 15084: 14992: 14951: 14921: 14901: 14866: 14841: 14731: 14721: 14508: 14477: 14396: 14112: 14042: 13551: 12674: 12653: 12478: 12463: 12036: 11637: 11492: 11430: 11308: 11298: 11224: 11162: 10984: 10934: 10915: 10910: 10863: 10770: 10708: 10688: 10676: 10632: 10435: 10415: 10403: 10266: 10147: 9864: 9727: 9719: 9266: 9160:"Italy's anti-immigration deputy PM Matteo Salvini under fire for citing Mussolini" 8816: 8623:

Costanza A. Russo, "Bank Nationalizations of the 1930s in Italy: The IRI Formula",

8298: 8200: 8078:, London; Chapman and Hill, LTD, New York: John Wiley and Son, Inc., 1935, p. 190. 7204: 6807: 6720: 6409: 6405: 5548: 5445: 4944: 4879: 4864: 4849: 4844: 4829: 4787: 4648: 4584: 4540: 4528: 4510: 4465: 4447:

One of Prime Minister Mussolini's first acts was the 400-million-lira financing of

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was revoked. The fascist regime supported the annexation of Yugoslavia's region of

2927: 2858: 2826: 2753: 2586: 2563: 2551: 2547: 2527: 1935: 1817: 1807: 1384: 1227: 1096: 1066: 742: 662: 627: 612: 479: 444: 303: 246: 112: 102: 51: 17395: 15457: 14916: 14432: 12111: 10234: 8539: 8430: 8366: 8341: 6088:

Mussolini and his Generals: The Armed Forces and Fascist Foreign Policy, 1922–1940

4984:("Everything in the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State"). 667: 434: 18628: 18448: 18133: 17648: 17345: 17325: 16839: 16784: 16508: 16364: 16204: 16159: 16043: 16003: 15983: 15948: 15857: 15751: 15639: 15589: 15508: 15411: 15401: 15371: 15366: 15351: 15271: 15251: 15231: 15190: 15180: 15150: 15130: 15125: 15043: 14941: 14796: 14771: 14726: 14307: 13940: 13483: 13478: 13356: 13017: 13012: 12974: 12946: 12836: 12206: 12086: 12081: 12061: 12023: 11873: 11809: 11804: 11620: 11517: 11502: 11442: 11278: 11072: 11062: 11057: 11052: 10949: 10873: 10735: 10254: 10152: 10037: 9937: 9844: 9666: 9662: 9646: 9504: 9471: 9457: 9355: 9325:, translated by Brenda Huff Everett, Cambridge; London: Harvard University Press 9318: 9309: 9145: 8980: 8732: 8014: 7991: 7804: 6200: 6194:

Mussolini Unleashed, 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy's Last War

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Mussolini Unleashed, 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in fascist Italy's Last War

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increased 2 percent; automobile production was increased, especially that of the

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early August 1921, Mussolini and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) agreed to the

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area (green). Dalmatia, after the WWI, however, was not assigned to Italy but to

3901: 3700: 3688: 3680: 3652: 3466: 3354: 3299: 3252: 3173:

War II, Italy declared its intention to seize Tunisia as well as the province of

3011: 2733: 2642: 2355: 2158: 1882: 1792: 1757: 1723: 1620: 1556: 1551: 1362: 1111: 727: 652: 642: 637: 597: 544: 494: 489: 404: 328: 313: 258: 82: 17499: 16879: 15477: 14971: 14751: 14625: 14528: 14518: 12907: 8230:(first pub. ed.). Westport, Conn : Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 73. 7464:

The Civilization of the Holocaust in Italy: Poets, Artists, Saints, Anti-Semites

3837:("Believe, Obey, Fight") reflects the importance of political faith in fascism. 942: 499: 484: 67: 18569: 18547: 18490: 18463: 18098: 17893: 17848: 17838: 17833: 17663: 17643: 17633: 17566: 17531: 17447: 17217: 17102: 16990: 16694: 16454: 16329: 16314: 16289: 16098: 16038: 15963: 15928: 15872: 15796: 15756: 15746: 15619: 15421: 15346: 15281: 15276: 15261: 15206: 15140: 15048: 15038: 14956: 14931: 14881: 14811: 14776: 14736: 14695: 14685: 14660: 14584: 14579: 14569: 14391: 14177: 13905: 13888: 13781: 13756: 12962: 12925: 12800: 12720: 12642: 12520: 12278: 12031: 12008: 11914: 11909: 11767: 11657: 11642: 11512: 11383: 11368: 11288: 11205: 11152: 11122: 11067: 10974: 10848: 10795: 10755: 10425: 10420: 10271: 10171: 10127: 10079: 10027: 9981: 9949: 9907: 9884: 9577:

Dreamer of the Day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Fascist International

9560:

The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution.

9555: 9528: 9374:

Mack Smith, Denis. "Mussolini, Artist in Propaganda: The Downfall of Fascism".

6879: 6811: 6445: 5880: 4889: 4712: 4644: 4636: 4616: 4608: 4432: 4340: 4289: 4285: 4035: 4008: 3936: 3880: 3822: 3814: 3795: 3779: 3716: 3598: 3589: 3426: 3138: 3115: 3111: 3095: 3083: 3051: 3024: 3023:

to gradually transform it into an Italian land. The fascist regime claimed the

2973: 2870: 2866: 2796: 2685: 2654: 2286: 2090: 2070: 2005: 1852: 1812: 1661: 1656: 1519: 1409: 1389: 991: 920: 757: 707: 697: 677: 574: 439: 424: 414: 323: 182: 167: 92: 16929: 14645: 14589: 14472: 14457: 7615:

The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution

7208: 7072:"Lottiamo Ancora 1: Reviewing One Hundred and Fifty Years of Italian Feminism" 6724: 6586:. Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. p. 35 6413: 3840: 712: 429: 18643: 18527: 18478: 18225: 18093: 17888: 17823: 17718: 17658: 17626: 17504: 16964: 16954: 16824: 16444: 16389: 16349: 16324: 16304: 16249: 16184: 16154: 16149: 16134: 16053: 16048: 15993: 15988: 15903: 15852: 15761: 15634: 15533: 15503: 15467: 15396: 15316: 15266: 15226: 15185: 15175: 15165: 15053: 15002: 14987: 14946: 14936: 14896: 14886: 14826: 14746: 14635: 14594: 14564: 14549: 14462: 14447: 14442: 14427: 14005: 13868: 13556: 13231: 12810: 12617: 12468: 12338: 12288: 12231: 12176: 11958: 11721: 11605: 11447: 11343: 11303: 11270: 11077: 10718: 10288: 9976: 9954: 9813: 9518: 9491:

Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany

9423: 9381: 9351: 9308:

Acemoglu, Daron; De Feo, Giuseppe; De Luca, Giacomo; Russo, Gianluca. 2022. "

9286: 9071:

Used by Mussolini in a speech before the Chamber of Deputies on 26 May 1927,

6966:

Bolshevism, fascism, and capitalism: an account of the three economic systems

6819: 6732: 6712: 6461: 4914: 4762:

and their politico-philosophic basis essentially was Italian fascism. In the

4704: 4696: 4506: 4492: 4436: 4359: 4331: 4047: 3928: 3850: 3817:, which were true not as empirical facts, but as "metareality". Fascist art, 3726: 3544: 3470: 3434: 3091: 2854: 2804: 2704: 2615: 2609:, and that there existed historical proof which supported the creation of an 2448: 1999: 1978: 1842: 1705: 1473: 1347: 1205: 1195: 1190: 1180: 1091: 925: 554: 529: 474: 449: 409: 384: 263: 147: 107: 35: 16674: 16339: 16239: 9521:. 2000. "Revolution from the Right: Fascism", chapter in David Parker (ed.) 9245: 8227:

The Making of Fascism: Class, State, and Counter-Revolution, Italy 1919–1928

8162:

The Making of Fascism: Class, State, and Counter-revolution, Italy 1919–1922

5247:

Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945

5227:

Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945

3923:, a book substantiating his accusations. Consequently, on 10 June 1924, the 3707:, thus his actual idealism philosophy was the basis for fascism. Hence, the 3482:

Italy pursued an aggressive campaign to reduce prostitution of young women.

3149:, which had been held by the British since 1800. Mussolini claimed that the 3087: 18542: 18522: 18517: 18512: 18502: 18438: 18433: 18382: 18277: 18215: 17908: 17903: 17863: 17708: 17683: 17678: 17546: 17380: 17107: 16493: 16449: 16399: 16374: 16319: 16284: 16194: 15953: 15923: 15847: 15842: 15837: 15832: 15781: 15771: 15594: 15386: 15301: 15296: 15286: 15211: 15120: 15028: 14926: 14871: 14846: 14791: 14675: 14493: 14452: 14147: 14032: 13157: 12920: 12632: 12384: 12379: 12360: 12333: 12101: 11593: 11585: 11487: 11338: 11195: 11002: 10807: 10577: 10181: 10047: 9996: 9971: 9622: 9134: 8737: 6933: 6657: 6247: 5749:

Venice And the Slavs: The Discovery of Dalmatia in the Age of Enlightenment

5081: 4869: 4854: 4779: 4775: 4719: 4656: 4624: 4564: 4532: 4193: 3977: 3821:

and symbols constituted a process which converted Fascism into a sort of a

3742: 3618: 3610: 3580: 3557: 3487: 3441: 3308: 3283: 3244: 3232: 3159: 3155: 3119: 3054: 2993: 2931: 2862: 2782: 2766: 2736:, which were then under Italian occupation and influence, were persecuted. 2720: 2712: 2700: 2606: 2486: 2207: 2036: 1992: 1862: 1837: 1832: 1787: 1335: 1327: 1252: 1200: 1036: 1001: 910: 747: 657: 647: 632: 454: 298: 142: 31: 16869: 15447: 8061:, vol. 32. Interview is also known as "Testament of Benito Mussolini", or 8041:, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1991. p. 484. 6680:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999. p. 346. 3129: 18584: 18574: 18532: 18389: 18174: 18123: 17997: 17935: 17773: 17748: 17576: 17551: 17509: 17212: 17186: 17025: 16939: 16684: 16664: 16384: 16023: 15614: 15569: 15528: 15442: 15416: 15321: 15236: 15170: 15135: 14891: 14831: 14806: 14766: 14741: 14700: 14690: 14559: 14422: 13935: 13863: 13493: 13468: 13022: 12555: 12508: 12355: 12051: 11929: 11868: 11843: 11831: 11415: 11378: 11328: 11097: 11037: 11007: 10360: 9991: 9599: 9015: 8726:

How the Vatican built a secret property empire using Mussolini's millions

7372:

Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation during the Second World War

6068:

Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation during the Second World War

5886:

Fascism's European empire: Italian occupation during the Second World War

5167: 4934: 4688: 4568: 4367: 4344: 4254:, paramilitary squads of First World War veterans and ex socialists when 4251: 4235: 4141: 3996: 3916: 3734: 3656: 3417: 3324: 3320: 3279: 3264: 3263:. Mussolini had initially rejected Nazi racism, especially the idea of a 3256: 2951: 2875: 2822: 2812: 2786: 2639: 2579: 2348: 2261: 2016: 1857: 1847: 1676: 1615: 1590: 1578: 1046: 888: 752: 682: 394: 389: 231: 177: 132: 18623: 17743: 16759: 15543: 5724:

War and Revolution in Yugoslavia 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration

5000:

Se avanzo, seguitemi; se indietreggio, uccidetemi; se muoio, vendicatemi

4982:

Tutto nello Stato, niente al di fuori dello Stato, nulla contro lo Stato

3907:

In 1924, the PNF won the election with 65 percent of the votes, yet the

3514: 3199: 2574:

from 1943 to 1945. Italian fascism also is associated with the post–war

1877: 18579: 18375: 18103: 17883: 17688: 17586: 17302: 17262: 16834: 16804: 16749: 16588: 16434: 16068: 15943: 15938: 15599: 15553: 15523: 15381: 14821: 14781: 14716: 14574: 14406: 14057: 14047: 14010: 13606: 13147: 13078:

Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party

12514: 12448: 12106: 12041: 11819: 11706: 11647: 11497: 11462: 11405: 11313: 10355: 9964: 9650: 9604:

Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century,

9550:

Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory: Capitalism, Fascism, Populism.

8969: 8515:

The Power to Manage?: Employers and Industrial Relations in Comparative

8310: 7216: 5343:

Fascism, anti-fascism, and the resistance in Italy: 1919 to the present

5192: 4759: 4723: 4659: 4552: 4424: 4293: 4269: 4174: 4162: 4071:. To his independent Italian state, he installed himself as the Regent 3888: 3565: 3458: 3213:

Le leggi per la difesa della razza approvate dal Consiglio dei ministri

2800: 2757: 2729: 2665: 2650: 2341: 1566: 1458: 1394: 949: 932: 900: 893: 791: 732: 564: 539: 308: 278: 221: 117: 7192: 5345:. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004. pp. 43–44. 3741:. The philosopher–intellectual Gentile was especially inspired by the 2984:

were ethnically linked to Italians through links with the prehistoric

2811:

as a model for empire-building. Italian fascism has directly promoted

2680:. It believed the success of Italian nationalism required respect for 18562: 18473: 18406: 18365: 17898: 17803: 17788: 17668: 17591: 17156: 16919: 16884: 16849: 16669: 16078: 15913: 15776: 15462: 12968: 12226: 12191: 11652: 11348: 8207:, University of Michigan Press, 1997, first publish in 1959, p. 284. 7864: 6708: 6465: 5929:. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, 1999. pp. 70–73. 4816: 4627:(1815–1871) had conquered Rome and taken control of it away from the 4603: 4452: 4243: 4207: 4090: 3606: 3495:

redundant as local elections were abolished in 1926 as a part of the

3421: 3348: 3107: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2791: 2696: 2681: 2673: 2646: 2028: 2022: 1782: 1399: 1367: 687: 152: 16819: 13811: 8302: 5913:, Volume 3. London; New York: I.B. Taurus Publishers, 2004. p. 389. 5508:

Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution

2795:(Roman-ness). Italian fascism historically sought to forge a strong 937: 18589: 18557: 18507: 18421: 18411: 18394: 18002: 17768: 17698: 17005: 16739: 15437: 13566: 11772: 11711: 11696: 11452: 11394: 11358: 11012: 10997: 10992: 10893: 9927: 9922: 8439:, Chapter IX, Fifth section, p. 197 in the 1999 Syllepse Editions. 8374:, Chapter IX, First section, p. 191 in the 1999 Syllepse Editions. 5771:. New edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. p. 184. 5308:

Jim Powell, "The Economic Leadership Secrets of Benito Mussolini",

5292:. Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press, 1995. p. 160. 5116: 4652: 4497: 4316: 3981: 3722: 3644: 3602: 3408:

and afterwards by 1938 a quarter of a million Ethiopians had died.

3067: 3034:

To the west of Italy, the fascists claimed that the territories of

3015: 2968: 2964: 2943: 2808: 2628: 2555: 2224: 1524: 1463: 1448: 268: 210: 157: 8350:

Chapter IX, Second section, p. 193 in the 1999 Syllepse Editions.

7024: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7014: 5789:

Sacro egoismo: Slovenci v krempljih tajnega londonskega pakta 1915

5726:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001. p. 131. 17920: 16789: 16754: 16734: 16564:

An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus

16534:

The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia

16103: 14104: 13751: 13179: 12805: 11887: 11247: 9959: 9684: 9523:

Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560–1991

9310:

War, Socialism, and the Rise of Fascism: An Empirical Exploration

8751: 8749: 8747: 6753:

Kroener, Bernhard R.; Muller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (2003).

6372: 6370: 5751:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2002, p. 355. 5474:

Le leggi antiebraiche e razziali italiane ed il ceto dei giuristi

5096: 4572: 4101:(1920), the metropolitan Italian military deposed the Regency of 4063:

In September 1919, the nationalist response of outraged war hero

3639: 3478: 3430: 3178: 3169: 3035: 2977: 2543: 1634: 1026: 905: 59: 8777:

2000 Years of Disbelief: Famous People with the Courage to Doubt

4202:, beginning in 1917, was an important influence on fascism. The 3298:

throughout his career. In an interview conducted in 1932 at the

3050:, who was leading the unification effort, faced opposition from 2749: 2707:; however, many fascists, in particular Mussolini himself, held 18399: 18067: 18062: 18007: 17753: 17703: 17222: 16949: 16944: 16774: 16608: 13830: 13731: 13601: 13269: 11951: 11799: 11726: 11467: 10652: 9562:

Trans. David Maisei. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

8845:

Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy

7011: 6457: 5172: 4960:"We dream of a Roman Italy" was one of the many fascist slogans 4628: 4198: 4027: 3614: 3529: 3474: 3123: 3079: 3007: 2692: 1698: 1546: 1478: 283: 8974:

A Survey of Nazi and Pro-Nazi Groups in Switzerland: 1930–1945

8744: 6367: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5801: 5574:"Minority Rights Group International – Italy – Greek-speakers" 4543:

development, railway improvement and rearmament. In 1933, the

4343:

proved ephemeral, especially that of the fifth Prime Minister

3353:

In 1925, the PNF declared that Italy's fascist state would be

17252: 12842: 12369: 9932: 9715: 7444:

The Vatican and Italian Fascism, 1929–32: A Study in Conflict

6796:"Race as a Factor in Mussolini's Policy in Africa and Europe" 5995:

Fascist Ideology: Expansionism in Italy and Germany 1922–1945

5861:

The Vatican and Italian Fascism, 1929–32: A Study in Conflict

5038:È l'aratro che traccia il solco, ma è la spada che lo difende 4969: 4267:, which was immediately condemned by most ras leaders in the 3932: 3696: 3164: 3146: 3039: 17182:

National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise

8592:

The Oxford Handbook of the Italian Economy Since Unification

6844:

Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind

6017:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986, 1999. p. 38. 5834:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 44–45. 5664:

The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought

3420:

economic system. The economy involved employer and employee

2585:

Italian fascism originated from ideological combinations of

30:"Fascist era" redirects here. For the fascist calendar, see 13227:

Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit

11373: 10440: 9917: 9428:

Sawdust Caesar: The Untold History of Mussolini and Fascism

6576: 5848: 4560: 4444:

remarked that "he will be much more subject to influence".

4404: 3768: 3552:, the first King of a reunited Italy who had initiated the 172: 11216: 9657:"Fascism Part I – Understanding Fascism and Anti-Semitism" 7998:, New Brunswick: NJ, Transaction Publishers, 2004, p. 55. 6552:

Hebraic Aspects of the Renaissance: Sources and Encounters

5818:, Italian Historical Society Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, p. 4 5323:

The Western Tradition: From the Renaissance to the present

4246:, socialist and communist insurrections. When the elected 3805:

Gentile defined fascism as an anti-intellectual doctrine,

3114:

in the late 15th century. Also during the summer of 1940,

13063:

German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)

8488:

Who's Who in World Politics: From 1860 to the Present Day

6971: 5637:. American Council on Public Affairs. 1943. pp. 5–8. 5596:

Managing and Developing Communities, Festivals and Events

5040:("The plough cuts the furrow, but the sword defends it"). 4819:, leading to discarding the Spanish annexation to Italy. 4140:

A sociological study of violence in Italy (1919–1922) by

3774: 8661:

Mussolini and Fascism: Questions and Analysis in History

7617:

Princeton: NJ, Princeton University Press, 1994, p. 33.

7332:

Fascist Voices: An Intimate History of Mussolini's Italy

6105: 6103: 5365:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. p. 214. 4089:

constitutional amalgamation of right-wing and left-wing

3231:, enacting the racial discrimination and persecution of 9021:

Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890

6090:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. p. 452. 5315: 5016:

La guerra è per l'uomo come la maternità è per la donna

3935:) assassinated Matteotti and of the five men arrested, 3525:

looks to the past and at the same time to the future".

3027:

as Italian territory on the basis that the islands had

2926:

Fascism emphasized the need for the restoration of the

13662:

National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement

13003:

Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists

8021:, New Brunswick: NJ, Transaction Press, 2009, p. 191. 7466:. Rosemont Publish & Printing Corp., 2003. p. 56. 6292:

Scorched Earth: Studies in the Archaeology of Conflict

6070:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. p. 88. 4740:

National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement

3122:, which would have left Italy also with the canton of 18231:

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

8643:, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 93. 8076:

Bolshevism, Fascism, and the Liberal-Democratic State

7391: 7389: 7387: 7238:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. p. 16. 7050:

Being a Character: Psychoanalysis and Self-Experience

6942:. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 251–253. 6100: 5686:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. p. 53. 5390:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. p. 13. 4598: 4214:

formed a national organization in November 1918, the

3745:(27 BC – AD 476, 1453), from whence derives fascism: 3473:

and contraceptive devices (with the exception of the

3404:, starvation and disease; and in Ethiopia during the 7255: 7253: 7251: 6840: 6493:

Jews in Italy Under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922–1945

6309: 6307: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6056: 4435:(1923) and the state communications monopolies were 4330:

Mussolini and the fascist paramilitary Blackshirts'

3556:, along with other historic Italian figures such as 3335:, the Italian Fascist government implemented strict 3145:

To the south, the regime claimed the archipelago of

10199:

Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

8414:, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973, p. 96. 7675:

The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution

7635:

The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution

7530:"The Doctrine of Fascism – Benito Mussolini (1932)" 6968:. 3rd edition. Yale University Press, 1970. p. 96. 6521:

Christopher Hibbert, Benito Mussolini (1975), p. 99

6488: 5415:

The Istrian, Dalmatian and Rijeka Refugees in Lucca

5221: 5219: 3954: 3339:between white people and black people in Ethiopia. 3247:, he had always denied any antisemitism within the 8709:. Larousse Kingfisher Chambers. 2000. pp. 464–65. 8614:, London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1939, pp. 153–76. 8612:The Corporate State in Action: Italy under Fascism 7655:Neither Left nor Right: Fascist Ideology in France 7613:Zeev Sternhell, with Mario Sznajder, Maia Asheri, 7384: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7296: 6757:Vol. VII. New York: Oxford University Press p. 247 5264: 5262: 3921:The Fascisti Exposed: A Year of Fascist Domination 3911:refused to accept such a defeat—especially Deputy 3456:The Italian fascists' political anthem was called 3217:"The laws for the defence of race approved by the 2691:Originally, many Italian fascists were opposed to 9640:"Fascist Italy and the Jews: Myth versus Reality" 8679:, 2nd edition, New York: Routledge, 1991, p. 26. 7584: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7446:. Cambridge University Press, 1985, 2005. p. 10. 7248: 7063: 6834: 6670: 6304: 6053: 5863:. Cambridge University Press, 1985, 2005. p. 92. 5743: 5741: 5739: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5644: 18641: 16559:Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics 9552:London: NLB/Atlantic Highlands Humanities Press. 9535:New York: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. 9405:. Madison, Wisc.: University of Wisconsin Press 8594:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, p. 59. 7807:the last speech of Matteotti, from it.wikisource 7677:, University of California Press, 1981, p. 501. 7637:, University of California Press, 1981, p. 451. 7334:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013. p. 76. 6144:Encyclopedia of the world's minorities, Volume 3 5781: 5538: 5406: 5216: 4822: 2942:To the east of Italy, the fascists claimed that 2774:(unredeemed Italy) into the state of Italy. The 2688:, alongside a commitment to a modernised Italy. 1233:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 842:Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics 9275:, which was published as part of the entry for 9218: 8841: 8779:, Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1996, p. 256. 8641:An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe 7293: 6666:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 262. 6454:Fascism: Critical Concepts in Political Science 6450:"Fascism in Power: The Totalitarian Experiment" 6355:Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order 1940–1944 5821: 5504: 5470: 5259: 4228:, developed after the war, were based upon the 3031:from the mid-14th until the late 18th century. 2848: 2807:as a model for the fascists' rise to power and 12756:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands 9673:"The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism" 8868: 8719: 8484: 8327:. Appstate.edu. 8 January 2008. Archived from 7575: 7281:The Sacralization of Politics in Fascist Italy 7042: 6928: 6926: 6452:. In Griffin, Roger; Feldman, Matthew (eds.). 5952:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 99–107. 5736: 5641: 4968:("I don't give a damn!"), the Italian fascist 4374:. On 28 October, whilst the "March" occurred, 3294:, expressed different views on the subject of 2967:into Italy that already held a portion of the 2946:was a land of Italian culture whose Italians ( 2781:It identifies modern Italy as the heir to the 12568:Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation 11232: 9700: 9649:, an online lecture by Iael Nidam-Orvieto of 9438:Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism 9246:Motti Fascisti: I 50 più famosi del ventennio 8568:. HistoryLearningSite.co.uk. 8 January 2008. 8412:Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy, 1919–1929 7763: 7761: 6932: 6656: 6482: 6395: 6393: 6376:Lucas F. Bruyning, Joseph Theodoor Leerssen. 5997:. London; New York: Routledge, 2000. p. 118. 5410:I profugi istriani, dalmati e fiumani a Lucca 5382: 5380: 5378: 4742:) and the Dutch fascists were based upon the 4527:After 1929, the fascist regime countered the 3204: 2879:Italian ethnic regions claimed in the 1930s. 2684:and a clear sense of a shared past among the 2504: 1902: 18380: 16614:Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World 12776:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark 12751:National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom) 9558:with Mario Sznajder and Maia Asheri. 1994. 8394:, Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 188. 8164:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2001. p. 141. 8129: 8127: 8104: 7940: 7938: 7932:. ACLS History E-Book Project. 2008. p. 22. 7657:, Princeton University Press, 1996, p. 107. 7172:Women, Gender and Fascism in Europe, 1919-45 7134:. Cambridge University Press. 2004. p. 101. 7124: 6438: 5592: 5249:. London; New York: Routledge, 2000. p. 50. 5229:. London; New York: Routledge, 2000, p. 41. 5018:("War is to man as motherhood is to woman"). 4148:Given Italian fascism's pragmatic political 3790:remained active as administrators; and King 3267:, as "arrant nonsense, stupid and idiotic". 17562:Battle Organization of Russian Nationalists 12562:Fédération d'action nationale et européenne 9430:. New York and London: Harper and Brothers. 8282: 7426:. Intellect Books, 1 January 2000. p. 102. 7230: 7228: 7226: 7144: 7104: 6923: 6896: 6599:. Little Brown and Company. 4 January 2024. 6542: 5945: 5911:Albania in the twentieth century: a history 5889:. Cambridge University Press. p. 106. 5706:. University of Toronto Press, 2003. p.249 4801:Comitato d' Azione della Università de Roma 4758:established an early fascist government in 3782:military-command title. Moreover, although 18047:Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust 17972:National Socialist German Students' League 17493:Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls) 16624:A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century 13522:Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party 12771:National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden) 12147:National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party 11239: 11225: 9707: 9693: 8459:. Viella Libreria Editrice. 2022. p. 101. 8184:, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2004, p. 36. 7859: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7758: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7283:. Harvard University Press, 1996. p. 119. 6886:. University of California. 2001. p. 126. 6847:. Reynal & Hitchcock. pp. 72–73. 6390: 6357:. Columbia University Press, 2001. p. 74. 5375: 4951: 4682: 3126:in addition to the claims raised earlier. 2511: 2497: 1909: 1895: 17488:Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys) 13672:National Socialist Patriotic Organisation 13217:United Hungarian National Socialist Party 13058:German National Movement in Liechtenstein 12474:British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women 9627:"Fascism, What it is and how to fight it" 9478:, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books 9219:Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul (2018). 8759:, New York: Vintage Books, 1983, p. 162. 8317: 8264:"Il manifesto dei fasci di combattimento" 8124: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8084: 7944: 7935: 7816: 7069: 6793: 6317:. Oxford University Press. 2012, p. 165. 5946:Lemkin, Raphael; Power, Samantha (2008). 5046:("The Leader is my light"), Latin phrase. 4782:. Stojadinović also adopted the title of 4545:Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale 4509:policies that ultimately failed (see the 4276:The Liberal government preferred fascist 3959: 3863:government of 1920. As the leader of the 17031:Scipio Africanus: The Defeat of Hannibal 13874:Canadian Association for Free Expression 13389:Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista 12454:Breton Social-National Workers' Movement 9566: 9420:. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 9347:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 9222:World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia 9116:The Ax Within: Italian Fascism in Action 9043:"A brief fascist history of I dont care" 8558: 8511: 8424: 8335: 8133: 7996:Giovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism 7883: 7725: 7548: 7493:Giovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism 7223: 7190: 7174:. Rutgers University Press. 2003. p. 16 7079:Journal of International Women's Studies 6766: 6696: 6252:Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia 6231:. Bradt Travel Guides. 2010. pp. 16–17. 5143:Model of masculinity under fascist Italy 5070:("You're either with us or against us"). 4955: 4797:Centre International d' Études Fascistes 4602: 4491: 4398: 4325: 4135: 3963: 3839: 3643: 3513: 3411: 3198: 3128: 2874: 2748: 2631:control of the terrestrial basin of the 9451:Adler, Frank, and Danilo Breschi, eds. 9350: 9157: 9086:"Credere Obbedire Combattere - Vincere" 8360: 7889: 7844: 7823:(in Italian). Feltrinelli. p. 68. 7687: 7558:Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce 7554: 7532:. WorldFutureFund.org. 8 January 2008. 7476: 7399:Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce 7395: 7263:. Yale University Press, 1989. p. 265. 6981:. Duke University Press, 2007. p. 171. 6641: 6444: 5879: 5435: 4489:with the advent of television in 1954. 4411:Until 1925, when the liberal economist 4347:, whose government proved vacillating. 4067:was declaring the establishment of the 3755:Giovanni Gentile and Benito Mussolini, 3451: 3382:Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, 2839:Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, 34:. For the Italian fascist regimes, see 14: 18642: 17714:Hungarian National Defence Association 16584:Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals 14026:Christian Party (United States, 1930s) 13747:Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine 13722:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 13577:Front of National Revolutionary Action 13512:Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights 13168:National Socialist Working Association 12746:National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962) 12731:National Socialist Dutch Workers Party 12329:Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana 9024:. Simon & Schuster. 1991. p. 148. 8901: 8223: 8081: 7698: 7489: 6902: 6497:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6223: 6221: 5666:. Cambridge University Press, p. 133. 4575:as part of his economic "battles" for 4535:programs, such as the draining of the 3968:Territories promised to Italy by the 3919:political violence and was publishing 3665:Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals 3613:as a sovereign state representing the 2789:and promotes the cultural identity of 2695:, as fascism in Italy did not espouse 27:Fascist ideology as developed in Italy 18349: 18266: 18221:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation 18155:November 1932 German federal election 18028: 17138: 16475: 14363: 14333:La Resistencia Dios, Patria y Familia 14163:National Socialist Party of Australia 12877:Parti Communautaire National-Européen 12761:National Socialist Movement of Norway 11975: 11574: 11258: 11220: 9688: 9493:. New York: Oxford University Press. 8951:from the original on 13 February 2006 8947:. AmericanMafia.com. 8 January 2008. 8925:from the original on 24 November 2015 8889:from the original on 21 November 2015 8819:. RonterPening.com. 27 January 2008. 8288: 8270:from the original on 20 February 2014 8244:from the original on 24 December 2013 7910:from the original on 27 November 2015 7746:from the original on 30 November 2015 7588: 7092:from the original on 25 December 2012 6884:Fascist Modernities: Italy, 1922–1945 6861:from the original on 25 November 2015 6644:Il Duce; the Life of Benito Mussolini 6399: 5873: 5767:Allan R. Millett, Williamson Murray. 4978:("Book and musket, perfect fascist"). 4305:The Manifesto of the Fascist Struggle 4288:should they assume government as had 3891:, changing the electoral system from 3879:(1861–1946), an economist, the Baron 3766:In 1925, Mussolini assumed the title 3329:Italian Fascist ideology and policies 17463:National Youth Organisation (Greece) 17238:Francisco Franco National Foundation 14288:National Socialist Movement of Chile 13103:National Democratic Party of Germany 10245:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 9170:from the original on 24 October 2019 9118:, New York: New Viewpoints. p. 187. 9096:from the original on 24 October 2019 9040: 8707:Chambers Dictionary of World History 8663:, New York: Routledge, 2003, p. 65. 8572:from the original on 15 October 2008 7510:from the original on 30 October 2015 7354:. Xlibris Corporation, 2010. p. 39. 6946:from the original on 1 February 2019 6773:. Taylor & Francis. p. 95. 6548: 6489:Joshua D. Zimmerman (27 June 2005). 6185: 6146:. London: Routledge, 2005. p. 1027. 5827: 5613:from the original on 14 January 2019 5593:Jepson, Allan; Clarke, Alan (2015). 4976:Libro e moschetto, fascista perfetto 4216:Associazione fra gli Arditi d'Italia 4187: 3844:Emblem of the National Fascist Party 3203:Front page of the Italian newspaper 2739: 1057:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 18078:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust 17962:Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas 17443:National Socialist Liberation Front 14293:National Universitary Concentration 14138:Australian National Socialist Party 13976:National Socialist Liberation Front 13807:Union of Bulgarian National Legions 13337:Falange Española de las JONS (1976) 13163:National Socialist Freedom Movement 13098:National Democratic Party (Austria) 12872:Organisation of National Socialists 12766:National Socialist Union of Finland 9465: 9075:1927: Milano, Alpes, 1928, p. 157. 8999:, London: Routledge, 1993, p. 129. 8842:Falasca-Zamponi, Simonetta (2000). 7536:from the original on 30 August 2017 6767:Gillette, Aaron (14 January 2004). 6218: 5704:Benedetto Croce and Italian Fascism 4786:. In Switzerland, pro-Nazi Colonel 4707:as the fascist government combated 4631:, which saw itself henceforth as a 4623:In the 19th century, the forces of 4085:, 8 September 1920), a politically 3809:based on faith rather than reason. 3560:, Julius Caesar, Giuseppe Mazzini, 3488:program to encourage large families 24: 18350: 18160:March 1933 German federal election 17952:Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad 17622:Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood 17162:Chamber of Fasces and Corporations 17051:Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht 16574:The Last Will of a Russian Fascist 14268:National Fascist Party (Argentina) 13822:Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood 13617:Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 13517:Bosnian Movement of National Pride 13083:Hungarian National Socialist Party 13033:Christian National Socialist Front 12985:World Union of National Socialists 12902:Patriotic People's Movement (1993) 12588:French National-Collectivist Party 12237:Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad 12137:Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf 12047:Azerbaijan National Democrat Party 9714: 9314:The Quarterly Journal of Economics 9297: 8848:. University of California Press. 7890:Farrell, Nicholas Burgess (2004). 6272:Nations, Language, and Citizenship 5505:Richard S. Levy (1 January 2005). 5178:Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy 4599:Relations with the Catholic Church 4415:, although a former member of the 3342: 2950:), including those of Italianized 862:The Last Will of a Russian Fascist 25: 18701: 17418:Korean National Youth Association 17139: 16604:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 13996:Nationalist Front (United States) 13956:National Alliance (United States) 13727:The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov 13642:National-Christian Defense League 13153:Greater German People's Community 12931:Scottish Democratic Fascist Party 12122:Korean National Youth Association 9633: 9611:"The Dangers of American Fascism" 9053:from the original on 22 June 2018 8823:from the original on 19 June 2008 8546:from the original on 22 July 2011 8542:. Cronologia.it. 8 January 2008. 8205:Modern Italy: A Political History 7871:from the original on 23 June 2008 5791:, Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana. 5541:Journal of Modern Italian Studies 5477:. Giuffrè Editore. pp. 33–. 5438:Journal of Modern Italian Studies 4038:; wherein Italy was to leave the 4034:(1915) it had concorded with the 4015:claimed Italy was cheated in the 4003:(1861–1946) being a full-partner 3772:(Leader), derived from the Latin 3029:belonged to the Venetian Republic 2659:collaboration between the classes 812:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 18622: 18180:1934 Montreux Fascist conference 17784:National Socialism / White Power 14206:Argentine Anticommunist Alliance 13777:Russian Women's Fascist Movement 13707:National Socialism / White Power 13118:National Movement of Switzerland 12578:Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party 12004:Muslim Association of the Lictor 11201: 11200: 11189: 9453:Special Issue on Italian Fascism 9239: 9212: 9182: 9151: 9128: 9108: 9078: 9065: 9034: 9009: 8989: 8963: 8937: 8869:Matthews Gibbs, Anthony (2001). 8862: 8835: 8809: 8797:Mussolini: An Intimate Biography 8789: 8769: 8700: 8689: 8666: 8653: 8630: 8617: 8604: 8584: 8532: 8505: 8478: 8469: 8449: 8404: 8384: 8256: 8217: 8194: 8174: 8154: 8068: 8051: 8031: 8008: 7985: 7965: 7922: 7865:"Mussolini and Fascism in Italy" 7810: 7791: 7775:. 8 January 2008. Archived from 7719: 7667: 7647: 7627: 7607: 6770:Racial Theories in Fascist Italy 5769:Military Effectiveness, Volume 2 3955:Conditions precipitating fascism 3875:parliamentary government of the 2645:, whereby employer and employee 2623:of Italian settler colonisation 2480: 1945: 1876: 1132:1934 Montreux Fascist conference 66: 17977:Sindicato Español Universitario 17208:Agrarian Trade Union Federation 17177:Italian Nationalist Association 14278:Nationalist Liberation Alliance 14065:Revolutionary Mexicanist Action 13921:Fascist League of North America 13884:Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform 13504:Eastern and Southeastern Europe 13290:Fasci Italiani di Combattimento 13088:Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten 12375:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 10930:Orders, decorations, and medals 9675:(1933), authorized translation. 9589:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 9533:Fascism: Past, Present, Future, 9041:Tiso, Giovanni (22 June 2018). 8817:"Top Ten Facts About Mussolini" 8063:Testamento di Benito Mussolini. 7867:. FSmitha.com. 8 January 2008. 7699:Heater, Derek Benjamin (1987). 7591:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 7522: 7456: 7436: 7416: 7364: 7344: 7324: 7312:The fascist Experience in Italy 7273: 7184: 7164: 7114:. Nelson Thornes. 1999. p. 27. 6991: 6958: 6873: 6800:Journal of Contemporary History 6787: 6760: 6747: 6690: 6650: 6635: 6603: 6589: 6533: 6524: 6515: 6456:. Vol. IV (1st ed.). 6347: 6327: 6284: 6264: 6241: 6176: 6156: 6136: 6116: 6080: 6040: 6027: 6007: 5987: 5978: 5966:from the original on 2 May 2016 5939: 5916: 5903: 5761: 5716: 5696: 5676: 5662:Terence Ball, Richard Bellamy. 5625: 5586: 5567: 5532: 5498: 5464: 5429: 5400: 4192:Italy's use of daredevil elite 4131: 4017:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1032:Revolutionary Mexicanist Action 18484:of Poles during the Partitions 17957:Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista 17639:Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria 17371:Gioventù Italiana del Littorio 17278:National Popular Consciousness 13894:Parti national social chrétien 13597:Greek National Socialist Party 13367:National Fascist Party (Italy) 13342:Falange Española Independiente 13295:Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria 13093:Liechtenstein Homeland Service 12781:National Socialists of Finland 12405:Northern / Northwestern Europe 12142:National Socialism Association 9629:Pioneer Publishers (pamphlet). 9579:. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Autonomedia. 9418:The Mass Psychology of Fascism 9190:"Europe: Bread & Circuses" 9158:Squires, Nick (30 July 2018). 8945:"Mussolini Takes on the Mafia" 8566:"The Economy in Fascist Italy" 8297:(4). Roland Sarti: 1029–1045. 8291:The American Historical Review 8140:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 8134:De Grand, Alexander J (2001). 7975:. Penguin Books. 1995. p. 49. 7798:Speech of the 30th of May 1924 7070:Malagreca, Miguel (May 2006). 7032:. Routledge, 1995. pp. 46–47. 6909:. Helion Limited. p. 50. 6274:. McFarland. 2004. pp. 70–71. 5355: 5335: 5302: 5282: 5239: 5183:Post–World War II anti-fascism 5092:Economy of Italy under fascism 5064:("To win, and we shall win!"). 5058:("Mussolini is always right"). 4718:Italian fascism was copied by 4395:Economy of Italy under fascism 3562:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour 3048:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour 2744: 2566:from 1922 until 1943, and the 2049:Praetorian prefecture of Italy 13: 1: 18073:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria 17814:Russian National Unity (2000) 17597:Combat Terrorist Organization 17478:Patriotic/Eureka Youth League 16569:Kokutairon and Pure Socialism 14168:Progressive Nationalist Party 13986:National States' Rights Party 13285:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria 12573:Finnish People's Organisation 12499:British People's Party (2005) 12494:British People's Party (1939) 12484:British National Party (1960) 11976: 9403:A History of Fascism, 1914–45 9390:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 9196:. 13 May 1946. Archived from 8485:Warwick Palmer, Alan (1996). 7948:Mussolini and Italian Fascism 7193:"Women under Italian Fascism" 7112:Mussolini and Italian Fascism 6841:Knickerbocker, H. R. (1941). 6642:Hibbert, Christopher (1962). 5807:Cresciani, Gianfranco (2004) 5363:A History of Fascism, 1914–45 5209: 5034:("Many enemies, much Honor"). 4996:("He who hesitates is lost"). 4988:Credere, obbedire, combattere 4823:Italian fascist intellectuals 4774:. They wore green shirts and 3947:norm and the Italian fascist 3813:emphasized the importance of 3655:of Italian fascism. He was a 3227:entered into force under the 2601:, and from the militarism of 2159:Byzantine reconquest of Italy 18680:Right-wing populism in Italy 18293:Fascist movements by country 17874:Ukrainian People's Militsiya 17617:Croatian National Resistance 17483:Union of Fascist Little Ones 17413:Juventudes de Acción Popular 17408:Jeunesse Populaire Française 17341:Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha 17308:Russian Fascist Organization 16900:Revue d'histoire du fascisme 14343:Tacuara Nationalist Movement 14318:Popular Representation Party 14283:National Liberation Movement 14236:Brazilian Integralist Action 14216:Argentine Nationalist Action 13901:Fascism in the United States 13622:Lithuanian Nationalist Union 13532:Croatian National Resistance 13527:Croatian Liberation Movement 13429:National Union (Italy, 1923) 13424:National Front (Spain, 2006) 13419:National Front (Spain, 1986) 13332:Falange Española de las JONS 13138:National Union (Switzerland) 13128:National Radical Camp (1993) 13113:National Front (Switzerland) 12791:National Union (Netherlands) 12628:International Third Position 12603:General Dutch Fascist League 12546:English National Association 12252:Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha 11994:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging 11575: 11284:Aestheticization of politics 9596:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 9345:The United States and Italy. 9263:"Labor Charter" (1927–1934). 8627:, Vol. 13:407 (2012), p. 408 8625:Theoretical Inquiries in Law 8019:Phoenix: Fascism in Our Time 7726:Spignesi, Stephen J (2003). 7352:I Was There When It Happened 7191:De Grand, Alexander (1976). 6646:. Little, Brown. p. 87. 5949:Axis Rule in Occupied Europe 5553:10.1080/1354571X.2012.628112 5450:10.1080/09585170320000113770 4728:Russian Fascist Organization 3792:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 3509: 3272:Mediterraneanist perspective 2849:Irredentism and expansionism 2220:Mid-16th c. to early 19th c. 1268:Fascist movements by country 955:Brazilian Integralist Action 88:Aestheticization of politics 7: 18029: 17734:Jewish Defense Organization 17607:Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar 17602:Confederation of the Nation 17283:People's Party Our Slovakia 17001:The Daughter of the Samurai 16710:Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 16539:The Fourth Political Theory 16514:Did Six Million Really Die? 14241:Brazilian Integralist Front 14153:National Action (Australia) 14090:Nationalist Front of Mexico 14038:Traditionalist Worker Party 13981:National Socialist Movement 13966:Nationalist Social Club-131 13489:Unidad Falangista Montañesa 13347:Falangist Movement of Spain 13143:Nationalist Front (Germany) 12897:Patriotic People's Movement 12324:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 12132:Liberal Party (South Korea) 11246: 10970:Water supply and sanitation 10394:Italian geographical region 10262:Monarchy and the World Wars 10204:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 10090:War of the Sicilian Vespers 9743:Timeline of Italian history 9378:(Apr 1959) 9#4 pp. 223–232. 9360:. Oxford University Press. 8677:Mussolini and Fascist Italy 7820:Il fascismo e le sue guerre 7817:Candeloro, Giorgio (1986). 7705:. Oxford University Press. 6678:Italo Balbo: A Fascist Life 5511:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 585–. 5270:Modern Political Ideologies 5153:Propaganda in Fascist Italy 5074: 5056:Mussolini ha sempre ragione 4748:H. A. Sinclair de Rochemont 4549:government-linked companies 4487:— Radiotelevisione Italiana 4472:Unione Radiofonica Italiana 3893:proportional representation 3835:Credere Obbedire Combattere 3633: 3576:First Marshal of the Empire 3416:Italian fascism promoted a 3303:by his endorsement of the " 3110:family, who ruled from the 2638:Italian fascism promoted a 1186:Italian invasion of Albania 1022:Patriotic People's Movement 10: 18706: 18469:F-scale (personality test) 18361:Authoritarian conservatism 17854:Sudetendeutsches Freikorps 14364: 14323:Popular Socialist Vanguard 14248:Falangism in Latin America 14226:Bolivian Socialist Falange 14221:Argentine Patriotic League 14158:National Socialist Network 13961:National Renaissance Party 13879:Canadian Union of Fascists 13697:National Renaissance Front 13677:National Socialist Society 13652:National Fascist Community 13449:Republican Social Movement 13414:National Democracy (Spain) 13409:National Democracy (Italy) 13327:Falange Española Auténtica 13133:National Revival of Poland 13048:Free German Workers' Party 12936:Scottish Protestant League 12862:Order of Flemish Militants 12821:Nordic Resistance Movement 12686:National Alliance (Sweden) 12661:Mouvement d'Action Civique 12212:Rastriya Prajatantra Party 12152:Nationalist Movement Party 11259: 10889:Inventions and discoveries 10299:Fall of the Fascist regime 10282:Fourth War of Independence 10240:Expedition of the Thousand 10230:Second War of Independence 9663:"The Functions of Fascism" 9323:Interpretations of Fascism 9302: 9257: 8224:Elazar, Dahlia S. (2001). 7945:Macdonald, Hamish (1999). 7896:. Orion Publishing Group. 7593:. Routledge. p. 215. 7589:Payne, Stanley G. (1996). 7314:. Routledge. 1998. p. 72. 7154:. Routledge. 1998. p. 15. 7001:. Routledge, 1995. p. 47. 6812:10.1177/002200948802300103 6717:Cambridge University Press 6337:. Routledge, 2003. p. 124. 6290:Tony Pollard, Iain Banks. 6254:. ABC-CLIO. 2011. p. 254. 6206:Cambridge University Press 6166:, F. Angeli, 2004, p. 284 5424:Slavs for 50,000 Italians. 5158:Italian fascism and racism 5068:O con noi, o contro di noi 5004:Henri de la Rochejaquelein 4485:(RAI) and was renamed RAI 4455:crisis, banks such as the 4392: 4388: 4069:Italian Regency of Carnaro 3900:law that rendered Italy a 3869:Partito Nazionale Fascista 3637: 3406:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 3346: 3333:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 3195:Italian fascism and racism 3192: 3106:were held by the Milanese 2852: 2570:(PFR), which governed the 2562:(PNF), which governed the 1164:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 1137:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 972:Canadian Union of Fascists 852:Foundations of Geopolitics 29: 18612: 18356: 18345: 18273: 18267: 18262: 18208: 18142: 18086: 18055: 18039: 18035: 18024: 17990: 17944: 17809:Russian Imperial Movement 17799:Ostmärkische Sturmscharen 17779:National Republican Guard 17518: 17473:Österreichisches Jungvolk 17438:National League of Sweden 17316: 17273:National Policy Institute 17195: 17149: 17145: 17134: 17085: 17064: 16978: 16652: 16644:Who Are the Mind Benders? 16619:Protestantische Rompilger 16486: 16482: 16476: 16471: 16122: 15891: 15810: 15739: 15668: 15562: 15496: 15430: 15199: 15113: 15077: 15021: 14980: 14709: 14603: 14542: 14486: 14415: 14374: 14370: 14359: 14303:Patriot Front (Argentina) 14191: 14133:Australian Defence League 14103: 14085:National Synarchist Union 14080:National Pro Patria Party 13971:National Socialist Legion 13849: 13762:Russian Imperial Movement 13657:National Fascist Movement 13502: 13459:Sammarinese Fascist Party 13404:National Alliance July 18 13399:National Alliance (Spain) 13240: 12993: 12796:National Union (Portugal) 12741:National Socialist League 12706:National League of Sweden 12638:Lalli Alliance of Finland 12551:European Liberation Front 12504:British Union of Fascists 12439:Black Front (Netherlands) 12403: 12022: 11986: 11982: 11971: 11905:Syrian Social Nationalism 11581: 11570: 11526: 11269: 11265: 11254: 11185: 10983: 10829: 10820: 10684: 10675: 10663:Security and intelligence 10536: 10527: 10389: 10380: 10323: 10250:Third War of Independence 10225:First War of Independence 10212: 10105: 10014: 9895: 9832: 9751: 9735: 9726: 9343:Hughes, H. Stuart. 1953. 9235:– via Google Books. 8979:26 September 2007 at the 8872:A Bernard Shaw Chronology 8512:Tolliday, Steven (1991). 7490:Gregor, A. James (2004). 7209:10.1017/S0018246X76000011 6964:George Sylvester Counts. 6725:10.1017/S0018246X15000540 6414:10.1163/9781848883833_005 6113:. ABC-CLIO, 1989. p. 91. 5927:Albania at war, 1939–1945 5032:Molti nemici, molto onore 5012:("Long live the Leader"). 4990:("Believe, Obey, Fight"). 4885:Filippo Tommaso Marinetti 4805:Ernesto Giménez Caballero 4756:Sammarinese Fascist Party 4732:National Fascist Movement 4591:as "Man of the People". 4518:Pact of the Vidoni Palace 4463:(Bank of Naples) and the 4321:Filippo Tommaso Marinetti 4114:revolutionary nationalism 3999:(1914–1918), despite the 3931:, modelled on the Soviet 3794:could—at the risk of his 3315:. Leading members of the 3216: 3188: 3137:of 9 May 1936, where the 2599:revolutionary nationalism 2582:political organisations. 2063:Romano-Barbarian Kingdoms 1823:Glossary of Fascist Italy 1652:Syrian Social Nationalism 960:British Union of Fascists 18538:Red–green–brown alliance 18119:Italian economic battles 17869:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 17739:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 17537:Albanian Fascist Militia 17386:Faith and Beauty Society 17268:National Party of Europe 17228:European Social Movement 17167:Grand Council of Fascism 17041:The Siege of the Alcazar 14313:Popular Freedom Alliance 14123:Australia First Movement 14070:Mexican Democratic Party 14021:Silver Legion of America 13702:National Salvation Front 13692:National Romanian Fascio 13682:National Social Movement 13647:National Christian Party 13637:National Bolshevik Party 13632:National Bolshevik Front 13572:For the Native Language! 13537:Croatian Party of Rights 13377:Republican Fascist Party 13275:Democratic Fascist Party 13108:National Front (Hungary) 13073:Hungarian National Front 12831:Norwegian Defence League 12736:National Socialist Front 12691:National Corporate Party 12608:Greater Britain Movement 12593:French Nationalist Party 12459:British Democratic Party 12413:Academic Karelia Society 12242:Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal 12014:Young Egypt Party (1933) 11354:Economic interventionism 10341:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 10336:Institutional referendum 9645:27 February 2017 at the 9592:Paxton, Robert O. 2004. 9489:Fritzsche, Peter. 1990. 9440:, London, CSE Bks, 1978 9401:Payne, Stanley G. 1995. 8590:Gianni Toniolo, editor, 8436:Fascism and Big Business 8371:Fascism and Big Business 8347:Fascism and Big Business 7803:17 February 2010 at the 7350:Beasley Sr., Jimmy Lee. 6794:Robertson, E.M. (1988). 6380:. Rodopi, 1990. p. 113. 6126:. 1998. Mursia, p. xvi. 5471:Giuseppe Acerbi (2011). 4895:Angelo Oliviero Olivetti 4803:). In Spain, the writer 4736:National Romanian Fascia 4669:National Archives in Kew 4555:. The Italian economy's 4516:From 1926 following the 4482:Radio Audizioni Italiane 4376:King Victor Emmanuel III 4282:Communist Party of Italy 3857:La dottrina del fascismo 3831:La dottrina del fascismo 3802:as in the event he did. 3788:Grand Council of Fascism 3677:La dottrina del fascismo 3497:Exceptional Fascist Laws 3223:). On the same day, the 2829:on behalf of Mussolini: 2664:Italian fascism opposed 2621:Second Italo-Senussi War 2578:(MSI) and later Italian 2568:Republican Fascist Party 2554:developed in Italy. The 2154:Italy in the Middle Ages 2012:Roman expansion in Italy 1828:Glossary of Nazi Germany 1159:Second Sino-Japanese War 1107:Second Italo-Senussi War 1017:National Social Movement 1007:National Christian Party 982:Silver Legion of America 977:Republican Fascist Party 18685:Totalitarian ideologies 18444:Conservative Revolution 18288:British fascist parties 18129:28 May 1926 coup d'état 17829:Serbian Volunteer Corps 17612:Croatian Defence Forces 17468:Opera Nazionale Balilla 17458:National Youth Alliance 17448:National Youth (Sweden) 17376:Great Japan Youth Party 17011:Europa: The Last Battle 16700:La Conquista del Estado 16639:A Warning to the Hindus 16519:The Doctrine of Fascism 16504:The Culture of Critique 16499:La Conquista del Estado 14211:Argentine Fascist Party 13667:National Party – Greeks 13627:National Agrarian Party 13384:Italian Social Movement 13372:Italian Social Republic 13043:Eidgenössische Sammlung 12857:Official National Front 12726:National Socialist Bloc 12623:Imperial Fascist League 12531:Clerical People's Party 12395:Wang Jingwei Kuomintang 12294:Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh 12269:Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh 12222:Religious Zionist Party 12117:Korea Nationalist Party 10864:Emigration and diaspora 10073:Guelphs and Ghibellines 10058:the Sardinian Judicates 9619:, Sunday, 9 April 1944. 9548:Laclau, Ernesto. 1977. 9291:Reflections on Violence 9135:"Italian definition of 8985:Simon Wiesenthal Center 8731:2 December 2016 at the 8457:Mussolini e il fascismo 8117:Encyclopædia Britannica 6611:"The Manifesto of Race" 6199:18 October 2015 at the 6124:A colloquio con il duce 5341:Stanislao G. Pugliese. 5325:. Heath, 1972. p. 791. 5135:Italian Social Republic 5121:Italian fascist states 4952:Italian fascist slogans 4744:Verbond van Actualisten 4683:Influence outside Italy 4633:prisoner in the Vatican 4615:territory in 1929 (see 4563:motor company; and the 4366:to oust Prime Minister 4356:parliamentary democracy 3970:Treaty of London (1915) 3758:The Doctrine of Fascism 3672:The Doctrine of Fascism 3661:The Doctrine of Fascism 3538:Italian Social Republic 3384:The Doctrine of Fascism 2841:The Doctrine of Fascism 2576:Italian Social Movement 2572:Italian Social Republic 2362:European migrant crisis 2312:Italian Social Republic 2227:Italy (1801–1814) 2184:Guelphs and Ghibellines 1798:Extremism of the centre 1263:British fascist parties 1117:German election of 1932 1062:Great Japan Youth Party 832:The Doctrine of Fascism 822:La Conquista del Estado 40:Italian Social Republic 18381: 18150:March of the Iron Will 17453:National Youth (Italy) 17401:League of German Girls 17356:Fascist Union of Youth 17351:Ethiopian Lictor Youth 17243:Friends of New Germany 17093:Art of the Third Reich 16970:Wochenspruch der NSDAP 14273:National Fascist Union 14258:Iron Guard (Argentina) 14053:White Aryan Resistance 13836:Yugoslav Radical Union 13772:Russian National Unity 13542:Crusade of Romanianism 13469:Struggle of the People 13464:Spanish Military Union 13434:National Union (Spain) 13255:Albanian Fascist Party 13222:Volksdeutsche Bewegung 12980:White Aryan Resistance 12882:Party of Finnish Labor 12816:The Nordic Realm Party 12716:National Popular Rally 12648:League of Saint George 12583:Flemish National Union 12541:English Defence League 12489:British National Party 12426:Autonome Nationalisten 12346:Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram 12304:Muslim Rashtriya Manch 12247:Bharatiya Janata Party 12157:Nationalist Task Party 11778:Revisionist Maximalism 11483:Social interventionism 10746:Science and technology 10694:Italian regions by GDP 10495:Marine protected areas 10167:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 9594:The Anatomy of Fascism 9585:Griffin, Roger. 1991. 9545:New York: McGraw-Hill. 9416:Reich, Wilhelm. 1970. 9387:The Anatomy of Fascism 9336:Eatwell, Roger. 1996. 8911:. Leon Surette. 2008. 7930:The Fascist Experience 7928:Edward R. Tannenbaum. 7702:Our World this Century 7310:John Francis Pollard. 7261:Italy and its Monarchy 7197:The Historical Journal 6903:Joseph, Frank (2010). 6700:The Historical Journal 6616:. 1938. Archived from 6597:"Talks with Mussolini" 5828:Hehn, Paul N. (2005). 5809:Clash of civilisations 5702:Fabio Fernando Rizi, 5579:9 January 2019 at the 5148:National Fascist Party 5087:Definitions of fascism 4994:Chi si ferma è perduto 4961: 4772:Yugoslav Radical Union 4620: 4611:was resolved with the 4557:Gross National Product 4501: 4408: 4335: 4145: 4042:and join the enemy by 4024:Paris Peace Conference 3992: 3960:Nationalist discontent 3909:United Socialist Party 3865:National Fascist Party 3845: 3800:Italian Prime Minister 3798:—dismiss Mussolini as 3764: 3667: 3627:Fourth Lateran Council 3521: 3389: 3317:National Fascist Party 3288:National Fascist Party 3249:National Fascist Party 3236: 3229:Italian Fascist regime 3211:on 11 November 1938: " 3205: 3142: 2923: 2846: 2776:National Fascist Party 2761: 2619:(vital space) for the 2611:Imperial Fascist Italy 2560:National Fascist Party 2531: 2045:(286 AD–476 AD) 1975:(12th–6th c. BC) 1969:(18th–3rd c. BC) 1530:Revisionist Maximalism 1154:Battle of Cable Street 884:National Fascist Party 18600:Women in Nazi Germany 18427:Identitarian movement 17916:Weerbaarheidsafdeling 17859:Terror Against Terror 17729:Jewish Defense League 17689:Greenshirts (Romania) 17331:Albanian Lictor Youth 17036:Der Sieg des Glaubens 16960:Völkischer Beobachter 16855:Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift 16845:Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift 16720:La Difesa della Razza 14253:Female Peronist Party 14231:Brazilian Integralism 14183:United Patriots Front 14128:Australia First Party 14118:Antipodean Resistance 14075:Mexican Fascist Party 13792:Slovak People's Party 13787:Serbian Radical Party 13767:Russian Fascist Party 13687:National Radical Camp 13587:German People's Party 13547:Ethnic National Union 13280:European Nation State 13202:Socialist Reich Party 13185:Positive Christianity 13123:National Radical Camp 13053:German Faith Movement 13038:Deutsche Reichspartei 13023:Black Front (Germany) 12892:Patriotic Alternative 12786:National Syndicalists 12419:Ailtirí na hAiséirghe 12351:Vishva Hindu Parishad 12319:Rashtriya Sikh Sangat 12314:Rashtra Sevika Samiti 12274:Bharat Vikas Parishad 12264:Bharatiya Kisan Sangh 12197:Progress Party (Iran) 12092:Jewish National Front 12067:Concordia Association 11473:Reactionary modernism 10945:Public administration 10053:the Holy Roman Empire 9665:, a radio lecture by 9587:The Nature of Fascism 9567:International fascism 9340:New York: Allen Lane. 9281:Enciclopedia Italiana 9114:Sarti, Roland. 1974. 8997:The Nature of Fascism 8390:Franklin Hugh Adler, 7893:Mussolini: A New Life 7555:Moseley, Ray (2004). 7396:Moseley, Ray (2004). 7048:Bollas, Christopher, 6294:. Brill. 2007, p. 4. 6270:Norman Berdichevsky. 5993:Aristotle A. Kallis. 5599:. AIAA. p. 137. 5245:Aristotle A. Kallis. 5225:Aristotle A. Kallis. 4959: 4764:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 4606: 4495: 4475:(URI) as part of the 4449:Gio. Ansaldo & C. 4429:foreign capital taxes 4402: 4362:(27–31 October 1922) 4339:power, the governing 4329: 4248:Italian Liberal Party 4139: 4095:democratic republican 3967: 3843: 3747: 3647: 3517: 3412:Corporatist economics 3374: 3202: 3132: 3086:-populated region of 2887:were later claimed. 2878: 2853:Further information: 2831: 2815:, such as within the 2785:and Italy during the 2752: 2305:Italy in World War II 2008:(509 BC–27 BC) 2002:(753 BC–509 BC) 1981:(8th–3rd c. BC) 1973:Etruscan civilization 1074:Slovak People's Party 1042:Russian Fascist Party 1012:National Radical Camp 289:Reactionary modernism 18190:4th of August Regime 17967:German Student Union 17587:Blueshirts (Ireland) 17433:Nationale Jeugdstorm 17361:Frente de Juventudes 17248:German American Bund 17172:Imperial Way Faction 17098:Fascist architecture 16810:Münchener Beobachter 16745:La France au travail 16544:Hitlers Zweites Buch 14201:Agrarian Labor Party 14095:Order of Nine Angles 13931:Goyim Defense League 13926:German American Bund 13717:Order of Nine Angles 13250:ADÑ–Spanish Identity 13207:Sudeten German Party 13028:Bund Deutscher Osten 12867:Order of Nine Angles 12681:National Action (UK) 12613:Groupe Collaboration 12598:French Popular Party 12309:Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas 12299:Jammu Praja Parishad 12259:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 12187:Palestine Arab Party 12167:Nation Party of Iran 12057:Black Dragon Society 11749:Reform bureaucratism 11544:Fascism and ideology 11411:National syndicalism 11294:Anti-intellectualism 11173:World Heritage Sites 10628:Council of Ministers 10366:Coronavirus pandemic 9764:Currency and coinage 9525:, Routledge, London. 9144:18 June 2013 at the 9090:Imperial War Museums 8909:"Pound in Purgatory" 7422:Luisa Quartermaine. 7330:Christopher Duggan. 6549:Baum, David (2011). 5923:Bernd Jürgen Fischer 5787:Lipušček, U. (2012) 5102:Fascist architecture 5062:Vincere, e vinceremo 4496:The inauguration of 4459:(Bank of Rome), the 4431:were abolished; and 4310:national syndicalist 4265:Pact of Pacification 4093:, proto-fascist and 4075:and promulgated the 3927:(ostensibly a party 3452:Age and gender roles 3429:" to capitalism and 3391:American journalist 3219:Council of Ministers 2699:nor, initially, the 2670:classical liberalism 2595:national syndicalism 2399:Currency and coinage 2338:(1970s–1980s) 2293:Italy in World War I 2204:(14th–16th c.) 2039:(27 BC–286 AD) 1967:Nuragic civilization 1808:Fascist as an insult 1501:Reform bureaucratism 357:Fascism and ideology 227:National syndicalism 98:Anti-intellectualism 18670:Political movements 18665:Italian neo-fascism 18629:Politics portal 18195:Anti-Comintern Pact 17582:Blueshirts (Canada) 17542:Atomwaffen Division 17428:Mocidade Portuguesa 17293:Republic (Slovakia) 17288:Popular Force Party 17233:Finnish Realm Union 17056:Triumph of the Will 17046:Lo squadrone bianco 16795:Kansallissosialisti 16680:The American Review 14338:Revolutionary Union 14016:Rise Above Movement 13951:League of the South 13911:American Nazi Party 13817:Ustaše in Australia 13352:Freethinkers' Party 13197:The Right (Germany) 13068:German Social Union 12887:Party of the Swedes 12701:National Front (UK) 12668:Mouvement Franciste 12536:Dutch Fascist Union 12390:Turkish Union Party 12284:Hindu Makkal Katchi 12162:National Will Party 11925:National Bolshevism 11881:Romanianism/Stelism 11334:Cult of personality 11319:Class collaboration 10704:Automotive industry 10643:Metropolitan cities 10189:Early Modern period 10162:Kingdom of Sardinia 10113:Italian city-states 9539:Schapiro, J. Salwyn 9338:Fascism: A History. 9272:Doctrine of Fascism 8795:Rachele Mussolini, 8325:"Mussolini's Italy" 7779:on 24 February 2009 7673:Jacob Leib Talmon, 7633:Jacob Leib Talmon, 7496:. Transaction Pub. 6402:Shades of Whiteness 6182:Crespi 2004, p. 250 6162:Ferdinando Crespi. 5984:Rodogno 2006, p. 84 5163:Italian racial laws 5107:Fascist syndicalism 5028:, "awful weather"). 4925:Margherita Sarfatti 4910:Giuseppe Prezzolini 4835:Massimo Bontempelli 4813:The Genius of Spain 4701:George Bernard Shaw 4655:, establishing the 4641:La Questione romana 4413:Alberto de' Stefani 4278:class collaboration 4122:proletarian nations 4065:Gabriele D'Annunzio 4013:Italian nationalism 3974:Trentino-Alto Adige 3883:, proposed—and the 3731:Alexander the Great 3435:orthodox capitalism 3402:concentration camps 3393:H. R. Knickerbocker 3370:Doctrine of Fascism 3207:Corriere della Sera 3133:The session of the 2818:Doctrine of Fascism 2726:Italian racial laws 2603:Italian irredentism 2591:Italian nationalism 2202:Italian Renaissance 2179:Italian city-states 1883:Politics portal 1672:National Bolshevism 1628:Romanianism/Stelism 1216:Downfall in Germany 1176:Anti-Comintern Pact 1169:Japanese war crimes 138:Cult of personality 123:Class collaboration 18417:Alt-right pipeline 18328:Speeches by Hitler 18283:Books about Hitler 18170:Austrian Civil War 18114:Aventine Secession 17391:Deutsches Jungvolk 17298:Resistance Records 17203:Adelaide Institute 16905:Das Schwarze Korps 16890:Il Popolo d'Italia 16830:Neue Anthropologie 16715:Das Deutsche Mädel 16634:The Turner Diaries 16554:Impeachment of Man 16529:For My Legionaries 16380:Riva-Agüero y Osma 15242:Torrente Ballester 13752:Ratniks (Bulgaria) 13737:Patriotic Alliance 12953:Third Way (France) 12915:Phalange Française 12444:Blood & Honour 12217:Reform bureaucrats 12202:Philippine Falange 11920:National-anarchism 11631:Christian Identity 11458:Proletarian nation 10766:Telecommunications 10133:Maritime republics 9616:The New York Times 9461:133 (Winter 2005). 9434:Alfred Sohn-Rethel 8755:Denis Mack Smith, 8410:Adrian Lyttelton, 8160:Dahlia S. Elazar, 8074:Maurice Parmelle, 7973:Fascism: A History 7951:. Nelson Thornes. 7259:Denis Mack Smith. 7110:McDonald, Hamish, 7052:(Routledge, 1993) 6676:Claudio G. Segrè. 6468:. pp. 44–45. 6408:. pp. 35–51. 6404:. Leiden; Boston: 6353:Robert O. Paxton. 6333:Susan Slyomovics. 6122:Aurelio Garobbio. 5814:6 May 2020 at the 5312:, 22 February 2012 4962: 4940:Giuseppe Ungaretti 4778:caps and used the 4768:Milan Stojadinović 4621: 4613:Vatican City-State 4502: 4409: 4336: 4298:Russian Revolution 4222:and the Fascists' 4146: 4082:Charter of Carnaro 3993: 3898:liberal democratic 3885:Italian Parliament 3861:liberal democratic 3846: 3827:political religion 3668: 3663:and the writer of 3653:philosophic father 3550:Victor Emmanuel II 3522: 3337:racial segregation 3237: 3143: 3072:Giuseppe Garibaldi 3014:, particularly in 2957:Republic of Venice 2948:Dalmatian Italians 2924: 2762: 2542:, is the original 2175:Maritime republics 2161:(6th–8th c.) 2115:Carolingian Empire 1667:National-anarchism 1378:Christian Identity 1303:Speeches by Hitler 1258:Books about Hitler 1221:Surrender of Japan 1147:Unification Decree 1127:Austrian Civil War 1102:Aventine Secession 274:Proletarian nation 18675:Politics of Italy 18637: 18636: 18608: 18607: 18595:Völkisch movement 18553:Scientific racism 18518:Para/semi-fascism 18459:Fascist mysticism 18454:Fascist (epithet) 18341: 18340: 18258: 18257: 18254: 18253: 18200:Spanish Civil War 18020: 18019: 18016: 18015: 17926:Westland New Post 17336:Arab Lictor Youth 17130: 17129: 17126: 17125: 17118:Nazism and cinema 17113:Nazi architecture 16780:Hrvatski Domobran 16765:Gioventù Fascista 16725:Eleftheros Kosmos 16705:The Daily Stormer 16579:Manifesto of Race 16524:Fascist Manifesto 16467: 16466: 16463: 16462: 15711:Giménez Caballero 14942:Strasser (Gregor) 14387:Campbell (Graeme) 14355: 14354: 14351: 14350: 14328:Republican League 14298:New Triumph Party 14173:Reclaim Australia 13991:National Vanguard 13946:LaRouche movement 13859:Fascism in Canada 13712:Occupy Pedophilia 13454:The Right (Italy) 13444:New Force (Spain) 13439:New Force (Italy) 13317:Falange Auténtica 13312:La Falange (1999) 13265:Brothers of Italy 13190:German Christians 13008:Arrow Cross Party 12851:L'Œuvre Française 12711:Nationalist Party 12696:National Fascisti 12182:Pan-Iranist Party 12172:New Life Movement 11967: 11966: 11915:Third Positionism 11681:L'Œuvre Française 11599:Orthodox Peronism 11566: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11549:Fascism worldwide 11364:Heroic capitalism 11214: 11213: 11181: 11180: 10816: 10815: 10751:Southern question 10671: 10670: 10603:Political parties 10551:Foreign relations 10523: 10522: 10376: 10375: 10097:Kingdom of Naples 10085:Kingdom of Sicily 9679:"Italian Fascism" 9382:Paxton, Robert O. 9352:Kertzer, David I. 9267:Mussolini, Benito 9200:on 1 January 2012 8970:Alan Morris Schom 8775:James A. Haught, 8741:, 21 January 2013 8659:Patricia Knight, 8331:on 15 April 2008. 8120:. 8 January 2008. 8037:Jacob L. Talmon, 7462:Wiley Feinstein. 7442:John F. Pollard. 7152:Women and Fascism 7028:Maria Sop Quine. 6997:Maria Sop Quine. 6780:978-0-203-16489-1 6582:Neocleous, Mark. 6508:978-0-521-84101-6 6423:978-1-84888-383-3 6109:John F. L. Ross. 5859:John F. Pollard. 5722:Jozo Tomasevich. 5518:978-1-85109-439-4 5484:978-88-14-15571-0 5361:Stanley G.Payne. 5127:(1922–1943; as a 5112:Hindu nationalism 4875:Agostino Lanzillo 4693:Winston Churchill 4313:Alceste De Ambris 4260:Giovanni Giolitti 4188:Fascism empowered 4099:Treaty of Rapallo 4077:Carta del Carnaro 3913:Giacomo Matteotti 3811:Fascist mysticism 3807:epistemologically 3705:Giambattista Vico 3623:Pope Innocent III 3571:Statuto Albertino 3492:Fascist Manifesto 3427:Third Alternative 3305:Manifesto of Race 3280:World War II Axis 3243:'s alliance with 3060:Piedmont-Sardinia 3044:Piedmont-Sardinia 3021:Italian Peninsula 2770:by incorporating 2740:Principal beliefs 2678:Joseph de Maistre 2633:Mediterranean Sea 2536:classical fascism 2532:fascismo italiano 2521: 2520: 2368:COVID-19 pandemic 2364:(2014–2016) 2358:(2007–2009) 2352:(1992–2001) 2344:(1986–1992) 2322:(1943–1945) 2320:Italian Civil War 2307:(1940–1945) 2301:(1922–1943) 2295:(1914–1918) 2289:(1882–1960) 2283:(1861–1946) 2255:(1815–1871) 2216:(1545–1648) 2210:(1494–1559) 2171:in southern Italy 2139: 2138: 2130:Holy Roman Empire 1962:Prehistoric Italy 1919: 1918: 1433:L'Œuvre Française 1341:Orthodox Peronism 1211:Downfall in Italy 1142:Spanish Civil War 1052:Arrow Cross Party 997:FET y de las JONS 782:Fascist Manifesto 362:Fascism worldwide 163:Heroic capitalism 16:(Redirected from 18697: 18660:Authoritarianism 18627: 18626: 18386: 18347: 18346: 18264: 18263: 18241:Nuremberg Trials 18185:Romani Holocaust 18109:Beer Hall Putsch 18037: 18036: 18026: 18025: 17931:Yokusan Sonendan 17147: 17146: 17136: 17135: 17077:Ethnic Cleansing 17016:The Great Appeal 16986:L'Armata Azzurra 16875:Parole der Woche 16594:My Autobiography 16484: 16483: 16473: 16472: 15696:Fernández-Cuesta 15282:Ciano (Galeazzo) 15277:Ciano (Costanzo) 14372: 14371: 14361: 14360: 14113:Action Zealandia 14043:Vanguard America 13552:Eurasia Movement 13394:Juntas Españolas 13322:Falange Española 13305:Sección Femenina 12675:Nasjonal Samling 12654:Les Identitaires 12526:Centre Party '86 12479:British Movement 12464:British Fascists 12037:Al-Muthanna Club 11984: 11983: 11973: 11972: 11572: 11571: 11493:State capitalism 11478:Social Darwinism 11309:Authoritarianism 11299:Anti-materialism 11267: 11266: 11256: 11255: 11241: 11234: 11227: 11218: 11217: 11204: 11203: 11196:Italy portal 11193: 11192: 11133:National symbols 10827: 10826: 10682: 10681: 10534: 10533: 10387: 10386: 10267:Kingdom of Italy 10194:Napoleonic Italy 9733: 9732: 9709: 9702: 9695: 9686: 9685: 9609:Wallace, Henry. 9505:Gregor, A. James 9472:De Felice, Renzo 9466:Fascist ideology 9371: 9319:De Felice, Renzo 9251: 9243: 9237: 9236: 9216: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9186: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9175: 9155: 9149: 9132: 9126: 9112: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9082: 9076: 9069: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9038: 9032: 9013: 9007: 8993: 8987: 8967: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8941: 8935: 8934: 8932: 8930: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8866: 8860: 8859: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8813: 8807: 8793: 8787: 8773: 8767: 8753: 8742: 8723: 8717: 8704: 8698: 8693: 8687: 8673:Martin Blinkhorn 8670: 8664: 8657: 8651: 8634: 8628: 8621: 8615: 8608: 8602: 8588: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8562: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8536: 8530: 8529: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8482: 8476: 8473: 8467: 8453: 8447: 8428: 8422: 8408: 8402: 8388: 8382: 8364: 8358: 8339: 8333: 8332: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8221: 8215: 8201:Denis Mack Smith 8198: 8192: 8178: 8172: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8131: 8122: 8121: 8108: 8102: 8092: 8079: 8072: 8066: 8055: 8049: 8035: 8029: 8012: 8006: 7989: 7983: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7942: 7933: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7861: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7814: 7808: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7765: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7696: 7685: 7671: 7665: 7653:Zeev Sternhell, 7651: 7645: 7631: 7625: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7586: 7573: 7572: 7561:. Taylor Trade. 7552: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7487: 7474: 7460: 7454: 7440: 7434: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7402:. Taylor Trade. 7393: 7382: 7370:Davide Rodogno. 7368: 7362: 7348: 7342: 7328: 7322: 7308: 7291: 7279:Emilio Gentile. 7277: 7271: 7257: 7246: 7232: 7221: 7220: 7188: 7182: 7170:Kevin Passmore, 7168: 7162: 7150:Durham, Martin, 7148: 7142: 7128: 7122: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7091: 7076: 7067: 7061: 7046: 7040: 7026: 7009: 6995: 6989: 6975: 6969: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6930: 6921: 6920: 6900: 6894: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6838: 6832: 6831: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6764: 6758: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6694: 6688: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6623:on 14 April 2016 6622: 6615: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6593: 6587: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6546: 6540: 6537: 6531: 6530:Zimmerman, p.160 6528: 6522: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6496: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6406:Brill Publishers 6397: 6388: 6374: 6365: 6351: 6345: 6331: 6325: 6315:History of Libya 6311: 6302: 6288: 6282: 6268: 6262: 6245: 6239: 6225: 6216: 6189: 6183: 6180: 6174: 6160: 6154: 6140: 6134: 6120: 6114: 6107: 6098: 6084: 6078: 6066:Davide Rodogno. 6064: 6051: 6044: 6038: 6031: 6025: 6011: 6005: 5991: 5985: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5943: 5937: 5920: 5914: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5877: 5871: 5857: 5846: 5845: 5825: 5819: 5805: 5799: 5785: 5779: 5765: 5759: 5745: 5734: 5720: 5714: 5700: 5694: 5680: 5674: 5660: 5639: 5638: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5590: 5584: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5420: 5404: 5398: 5384: 5373: 5359: 5353: 5339: 5333: 5319: 5313: 5306: 5300: 5286: 5280: 5268:Andrew Vincent. 5266: 5257: 5243: 5237: 5223: 5125:Kingdom of Italy 5052:("Duce, to us"). 4945:Gioacchino Volpe 4880:Curzio Malaparte 4865:Giovanni Gentile 4850:Carlo Costamagna 4845:Enrico Corradini 4830:Benito Mussolini 4788:Arthur Fonjallaz 4770:established his 4649:Kingdom of Italy 4541:hydroelectricity 4529:Great Depression 4511:Battle for Grain 4466:Banco di Sicilia 4341:prime ministries 4319:movement leader 4126:Enrico Corradini 4057:Italia irredenta 4032:Treaty of London 4001:Kingdom of Italy 3941:Sicario del Duce 3939:, also known as 3877:Kingdom of Italy 3762: 3713: 3685:Giovanni Gentile 3649:Giovanni Gentile 3505: 3387: 3363:Italia Irredenta 3292:Benito Mussolini 3261:Zionist movement 3241:Benito Mussolini 3222: 3210: 3151:Maltese language 3100:Mesolcina valley 2961:Treaty of London 2917: 2908: 2891: 2859:Italia irredenta 2844: 2827:Giovanni Gentile 2772:Italia Irredenta 2754:Benito Mussolini 2627:to establishing 2587:ultranationalism 2564:Kingdom of Italy 2552:Benito Mussolini 2548:Giovanni Gentile 2546:ideology, which 2513: 2506: 2499: 2487:Italy portal 2485: 2484: 2483: 2214:Catholic revival 2067: 2066: 1949: 1939: 1921: 1920: 1911: 1904: 1897: 1881: 1880: 1228:Nuremberg trials 1097:Beer Hall Putsch 1067:Yokusan Sonendan 987:Fatherland Front 867: 857: 847: 837: 827: 817: 807: 802:My Autobiography 797: 787: 304:State capitalism 294:Social Darwinism 113:Authoritarianism 103:Anti-materialism 70: 47: 46: 21: 18705: 18704: 18700: 18699: 18698: 18696: 18695: 18694: 18690:Totalitarianism 18650:Italian fascism 18640: 18639: 18638: 18633: 18621: 18604: 18449:Europe a Nation 18352: 18337: 18318:Nazi ideologues 18269: 18250: 18204: 18138: 18134:Libyan genocide 18082: 18051: 18031: 18012: 17986: 17940: 17649:Falange Militia 17514: 17346:Blue-and-Blacks 17326:Adler und Falke 17312: 17191: 17141: 17122: 17081: 17060: 16974: 16840:Het Nieuwe Volk 16785:Je suis partout 16648: 16478: 16459: 16345:Phibunsongkhram 16118: 15887: 15853:Mosley (Oswald) 15806: 15735: 15716:Primo de Rivera 15664: 15558: 15492: 15426: 15195: 15109: 15073: 15017: 14976: 14947:Strasser (Otto) 14705: 14599: 14538: 14482: 14411: 14382:Campbell (Eric) 14366: 14347: 14308:Popular Dignity 14187: 14099: 13941:Identity Evropa 13845: 13498: 13484:Tricolour Flame 13479:Terza Posizione 13362:Italian fascism 13357:Imperium Europa 13242:Southern Europe 13236: 13018:Austrian Nazism 13013:Artgemeinschaft 12989: 12947:Terre et Peuple 12837:Nouvelle Droite 12826:Northern League 12433:Bases Autónomas 12399: 12207:Rastakhiz Party 12087:Iran-e-No Party 12082:Hindu Mahasabha 12062:Brit HaBirionim 12018: 11978: 11963: 11893:Neo-Eurasianism 11874:Neo-Legionarism 11577: 11558: 11522: 11518:Totalitarianism 11503:Supercapitalism 11443:One-party state 11279:Actual idealism 11261: 11250: 11245: 11215: 11210: 11190: 11177: 11148:Public holidays 10979: 10925:Life expectancy 10812: 10667: 10583:Law enforcement 10519: 10372: 10319: 10308:Social Republic 10272:Colonial Empire 10255:Capture of Rome 10208: 10101: 10010: 9903:Ancient peoples 9891: 9828: 9789:Historic states 9747: 9722: 9713: 9667:Michael Parenti 9647:Wayback Machine 9636: 9569: 9556:Sternhell, Zeev 9529:Laqueur, Walter 9468: 9368: 9305: 9300: 9298:Further reading 9260: 9255: 9254: 9244: 9240: 9233: 9217: 9213: 9203: 9201: 9188: 9187: 9183: 9173: 9171: 9156: 9152: 9146:Wayback Machine 9133: 9129: 9113: 9109: 9099: 9097: 9084: 9083: 9079: 9070: 9066: 9056: 9054: 9039: 9035: 9014: 9010: 8995:Roger Griffin, 8994: 8990: 8981:Wayback Machine 8968: 8964: 8954: 8952: 8943: 8942: 8938: 8928: 8926: 8919: 8907: 8906: 8902: 8892: 8890: 8883: 8867: 8863: 8856: 8840: 8836: 8826: 8824: 8815: 8814: 8810: 8794: 8790: 8774: 8770: 8754: 8745: 8733:Wayback Machine 8724: 8720: 8705: 8701: 8694: 8690: 8671: 8667: 8658: 8654: 8635: 8631: 8622: 8618: 8609: 8605: 8589: 8585: 8575: 8573: 8564: 8563: 8559: 8549: 8547: 8538: 8537: 8533: 8526: 8510: 8506: 8499: 8483: 8479: 8474: 8470: 8454: 8450: 8429: 8425: 8409: 8405: 8389: 8385: 8365: 8361: 8340: 8336: 8323: 8322: 8318: 8303:10.2307/1852268 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8247: 8245: 8238: 8222: 8218: 8199: 8195: 8180:Peter Neville, 8179: 8175: 8159: 8155: 8148: 8132: 8125: 8112:"March on Rome" 8110: 8109: 8105: 8093: 8082: 8073: 8069: 8056: 8052: 8036: 8032: 8015:A. James Gregor 8013: 8009: 7992:A. James Gregor 7990: 7986: 7971:Roger Eatwell. 7970: 7966: 7959: 7943: 7936: 7927: 7923: 7913: 7911: 7904: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7863: 7862: 7845: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7815: 7811: 7805:Wayback Machine 7796: 7792: 7782: 7780: 7767: 7766: 7759: 7749: 7747: 7740: 7724: 7720: 7713: 7697: 7688: 7672: 7668: 7652: 7648: 7632: 7628: 7612: 7608: 7601: 7587: 7576: 7569: 7553: 7549: 7539: 7537: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7513: 7511: 7504: 7488: 7477: 7461: 7457: 7441: 7437: 7421: 7417: 7410: 7394: 7385: 7369: 7365: 7349: 7345: 7329: 7325: 7309: 7294: 7278: 7274: 7258: 7249: 7233: 7224: 7189: 7185: 7169: 7165: 7149: 7145: 7130:Mann, Michael. 7129: 7125: 7109: 7105: 7095: 7093: 7089: 7074: 7068: 7064: 7047: 7043: 7027: 7012: 6996: 6992: 6976: 6972: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6947: 6931: 6924: 6917: 6906:Mussolini's War 6901: 6897: 6878: 6874: 6864: 6862: 6855: 6839: 6835: 6792: 6788: 6781: 6765: 6761: 6752: 6748: 6695: 6691: 6675: 6671: 6655: 6651: 6640: 6636: 6626: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6595: 6594: 6590: 6581: 6577: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6547: 6543: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6520: 6516: 6509: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6446:Gentile, Emilio 6443: 6439: 6424: 6398: 6391: 6375: 6368: 6352: 6348: 6332: 6328: 6312: 6305: 6289: 6285: 6269: 6265: 6246: 6242: 6226: 6219: 6201:Wayback Machine 6191:McGregor Knox, 6190: 6186: 6181: 6177: 6161: 6157: 6141: 6137: 6121: 6117: 6108: 6101: 6085: 6081: 6065: 6054: 6045: 6041: 6032: 6028: 6013:McGregor Knox, 6012: 6008: 5992: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5969: 5967: 5960: 5944: 5940: 5921: 5917: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5881:Rodogno, Davide 5878: 5874: 5858: 5849: 5842: 5826: 5822: 5816:Wayback Machine 5806: 5802: 5786: 5782: 5766: 5762: 5746: 5737: 5721: 5717: 5701: 5697: 5681: 5677: 5661: 5642: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5614: 5607: 5591: 5587: 5581:Wayback Machine 5572: 5568: 5537: 5533: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5469: 5465: 5434: 5430: 5418: 5405: 5401: 5385: 5376: 5360: 5356: 5340: 5336: 5320: 5316: 5307: 5303: 5287: 5283: 5267: 5260: 5244: 5240: 5224: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5203:Totalitarianism 5188:Racism in Italy 5077: 4954: 4949: 4930:Ardengo Soffici 4920:Edmondo Rossoni 4905:Giovanni Papini 4900:Sergio Panunzio 4840:Giuseppe Bottai 4825: 4809:Genio de España 4752:Alfred Haighton 4730:, the Romanian 4709:organised crime 4685: 4673:John F. Pollard 4665:pounds sterling 4601: 4537:Pontine Marshes 4461:Banco di Napoli 4442:Luigi Albertini 4397: 4391: 4334:in October 1922 4256:Prime Ministers 4240:organised crime 4196:, known as the 4190: 4134: 4118:A. James Gregor 4052:Austria-Hungary 4040:Triple Alliance 3986:Snežnik Plateau 3984:(tan), and the 3962: 3957: 3902:one-party state 3815:political myths 3763: 3754: 3737:and the French 3711: 3701:Benedetto Croce 3679:, 1932) by the 3642: 3636: 3512: 3499: 3454: 3414: 3388: 3381: 3351: 3345: 3343:Totalitarianism 3319:(PNF), such as 3300:Palazzo Venezia 3253:Jewish Question 3197: 3191: 2980:, claimed that 2922: 2915: 2913: 2906: 2904: 2889: 2873: 2851: 2845: 2838: 2747: 2742: 2734:Northern Epirus 2651:linked together 2643:economic system 2524:Italian fascism 2517: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2424:Historic states 2388: 2380: 2379: 2356:Great Recession 2287:Colonial Empire 2276: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2247: 2197: 2189: 2188: 2149: 2141: 2140: 2064: 2056: 2055: 1995: 1985: 1984: 1957: 1937: 1930: 1915: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1793:Culture of fear 1778: 1770: 1769: 1719: 1711: 1710: 1640:Neo-Eurasianism 1621:Neo-Legionarism 1323: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1293:Nazi ideologues 1246: 1238: 1237: 1112:Mukden Incident 1087: 1079: 1078: 879: 871: 870: 865: 855: 845: 835: 825: 815: 805: 795: 785: 776: 768: 767: 593: 585: 584: 515:Primo de Rivera 380: 372: 371: 342: 334: 333: 329:Totalitarianism 314:Supercapitalism 259:One-party state 188:Interventionism 83:Actual idealism 78: 43: 28: 23: 22: 18:Italian fascist 15: 12: 11: 5: 18703: 18693: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18635: 18634: 18632: 18631: 18619: 18613: 18610: 18609: 18606: 18605: 18603: 18602: 18597: 18592: 18587: 18582: 18577: 18572: 18570:Social fascism 18567: 18566: 18565: 18560: 18550: 18548:Sansepolcrismo 18545: 18540: 18535: 18530: 18525: 18520: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18499: 18498: 18496:of South Tyrol 18491:Italianization 18488: 18487: 18486: 18476: 18471: 18466: 18464:Feudal fascism 18461: 18456: 18451: 18446: 18441: 18436: 18431: 18430: 18429: 18424: 18419: 18414: 18404: 18403: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18387: 18378: 18373: 18368: 18357: 18354: 18353: 18351:Related topics 18343: 18342: 18339: 18338: 18336: 18335: 18330: 18325: 18320: 18315: 18309: 18304: 18299: 18290: 18285: 18280: 18274: 18271: 18270: 18260: 18259: 18256: 18255: 18252: 18251: 18249: 18248: 18243: 18238: 18233: 18228: 18223: 18218: 18212: 18210: 18206: 18205: 18203: 18202: 18197: 18192: 18187: 18182: 18177: 18172: 18167: 18162: 18157: 18152: 18146: 18144: 18140: 18139: 18137: 18136: 18131: 18126: 18121: 18116: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18099:Corfu incident 18096: 18090: 18088: 18084: 18083: 18081: 18080: 18075: 18070: 18065: 18059: 18057: 18053: 18052: 18050: 18049: 18043: 18041: 18033: 18032: 18022: 18021: 18018: 18017: 18014: 18013: 18011: 18010: 18005: 18000: 17994: 17992: 17988: 17987: 17985: 17984: 17982:Student Action 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17959: 17954: 17948: 17946: 17942: 17941: 17939: 17938: 17933: 17928: 17923: 17918: 17913: 17912: 17911: 17901: 17896: 17894:Walloon Legion 17891: 17886: 17881: 17879:Ustaše Militia 17876: 17871: 17866: 17861: 17856: 17851: 17849:Sturmabteilung 17846: 17841: 17839:Sich Battalion 17836: 17831: 17826: 17821: 17816: 17811: 17806: 17801: 17796: 17791: 17786: 17781: 17776: 17771: 17766: 17761: 17756: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17731: 17726: 17721: 17716: 17711: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17691: 17686: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17664:Flemish Legion 17661: 17656: 17651: 17646: 17644:Falange Armata 17641: 17636: 17634:Einsatzgruppen 17631: 17630: 17629: 17619: 17614: 17609: 17604: 17599: 17594: 17589: 17584: 17579: 17574: 17569: 17567:Black Brigades 17564: 17559: 17554: 17549: 17544: 17539: 17534: 17532:Abhinav Bharat 17528: 17526: 17516: 17515: 17513: 17512: 17507: 17502: 17497: 17496: 17495: 17490: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17445: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17425: 17420: 17415: 17410: 17405: 17404: 17403: 17398: 17393: 17388: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17363: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17322: 17320: 17314: 17313: 17311: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17295: 17290: 17285: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17265: 17260: 17255: 17250: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17230: 17225: 17220: 17218:Casuals United 17215: 17210: 17205: 17199: 17197: 17193: 17192: 17190: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17153: 17151: 17143: 17142: 17132: 17131: 17128: 17127: 17124: 17123: 17121: 17120: 17115: 17110: 17105: 17103:Heroic realism 17100: 17095: 17089: 17087: 17086:Related topics 17083: 17082: 17080: 17079: 17074: 17068: 17066: 17062: 17061: 17059: 17058: 17053: 17048: 17043: 17038: 17033: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17003: 16998: 16993: 16988: 16982: 16980: 16976: 16975: 16973: 16972: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16937: 16935:Türkische Post 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16887: 16882: 16877: 16872: 16867: 16862: 16857: 16852: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16827: 16822: 16817: 16812: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16762: 16757: 16752: 16747: 16742: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16717: 16712: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16695:The Blackshirt 16692: 16687: 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14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14713: 14711: 14707: 14706: 14704: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14621:Benoist-Méchin 14618: 14613: 14607: 14605: 14601: 14600: 14598: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14546: 14544: 14540: 14539: 14537: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14490: 14488: 14484: 14483: 14481: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14419: 14417: 14413: 14412: 14410: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14378: 14376: 14368: 14367: 14357: 14356: 14353: 14352: 14349: 14348: 14346: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14244: 14243: 14238: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14203: 14197: 14195: 14189: 14188: 14186: 14185: 14180: 14178:True Blue Crew 14175: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14150: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14109: 14107: 14101: 14100: 14098: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14061: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14029: 14028: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13906:American Front 13898: 13897: 13896: 13891: 13889:Heritage Front 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13866: 13855: 13853: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13827: 13826: 13825: 13824: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13782:Serbian Action 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13757:Romanian Front 13754: 13749: 13744: 13742:People's Party 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13508: 13506: 13500: 13499: 13497: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13474:Student Action 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13308: 13307: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13260:Balli Kombëtar 13257: 13252: 13246: 13244: 13238: 13237: 13235: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13212:The Third Path 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13193: 13192: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13171: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 12999: 12997: 12995:Central Europe 12991: 12990: 12988: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12965: 12963:Union Movement 12960: 12958:Third Way (UK) 12955: 12950: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12926:Rising Finland 12923: 12918: 12911: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12847: 12846: 12845: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12721:National Rally 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12671: 12664: 12657: 12650: 12645: 12643:Lapua Movement 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12521:Casuals United 12518: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12429: 12422: 12415: 12409: 12407: 12401: 12400: 12398: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12366: 12365: 12364: 12363: 12358: 12348: 12343: 12342: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12279:Ekal Vidyalaya 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12255: 12254: 12244: 12239: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12032:Abhinav Bharat 12028: 12026: 12020: 12019: 12017: 12016: 12011: 12009:Ossewabrandwag 12006: 12001: 11996: 11990: 11988: 11980: 11979: 11969: 11968: 11965: 11964: 11962: 11961: 11956: 11955: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11934: 11933: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11896: 11895: 11885: 11884: 11883: 11878: 11877: 11876: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11852: 11851: 11841: 11840: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11828: 11827: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11781: 11780: 11775: 11765: 11764: 11763: 11762: 11761: 11751: 11743: 11742: 11741: 11731: 11730: 11729: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11693: 11692: 11687: 11686: 11685: 11684: 11683: 11678: 11672:Neo-Pétainism 11665: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11634: 11633: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11602: 11601: 11596: 11588: 11582: 11579: 11578: 11568: 11567: 11564: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11530: 11528: 11524: 11523: 11521: 11520: 11515: 11513:Third Position 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11434: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11391: 11386: 11384:Indoctrination 11381: 11376: 11371: 11369:Heroic realism 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11289:Anti-communism 11286: 11281: 11275: 11273: 11263: 11262: 11252: 11251: 11244: 11243: 11236: 11229: 11221: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11208: 11198: 11186: 11183: 11182: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10989: 10987: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10921: 10920: 10919: 10918: 10903: 10902: 10901: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10830: 10824: 10818: 10817: 10814: 10813: 10811: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10799: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10756:Stock exchange 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10722: 10721: 10716: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10685: 10679: 10673: 10672: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10665: 10660: 10658:Municipalities 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10618:Prime Minister 10615: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10569: 10568: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10537: 10531: 10525: 10524: 10521: 10520: 10518: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10505:Regional parks 10502: 10500:National parks 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10461: 10460: 10450: 10449: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10412: 10411: 10409:Climate change 10401: 10396: 10390: 10384: 10378: 10377: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10370: 10369: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10327: 10325: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10317: 10316: 10315: 10310: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10285: 10284: 10274: 10269: 10259: 10258: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10216: 10214: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10185: 10184: 10174: 10172:Duchy of Savoy 10169: 10164: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10109: 10107: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10099: 10094: 10093: 10092: 10082: 10080:Lombard League 10077: 10076: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10018: 10016: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10008: 10007: 10006: 10005: 10004: 10002:Western Empire 9994: 9989: 9987:Roman conquest 9984: 9979: 9969: 9968: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9941: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9908:Italic peoples 9899: 9897: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9889: 9888: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9836: 9834: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9755: 9753: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9745: 9739: 9737: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9712: 9711: 9704: 9697: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9676: 9670: 9660: 9654: 9635: 9634:External links 9632: 9631: 9630: 9620: 9607: 9597: 9590: 9583: 9580: 9568: 9565: 9564: 9563: 9553: 9546: 9536: 9526: 9519:Griffin, Roger 9516: 9513:978-0691127903 9502: 9487: 9467: 9464: 9463: 9462: 9449: 9431: 9424:Seldes, George 9421: 9414: 9399: 9379: 9372: 9367:978-0198716167 9366: 9348: 9341: 9334: 9316: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9295: 9294: 9287:Sorel, Georges 9284: 9264: 9259: 9256: 9253: 9252: 9238: 9232:978-1576079409 9231: 9211: 9181: 9150: 9127: 9124:978-0531064986 9107: 9077: 9064: 9033: 9030:978-0130893017 9008: 9005:978-0415096614 8988: 8962: 8936: 8918:978-0252024986 8917: 8900: 8881: 8861: 8854: 8834: 8808: 8805:978-0671812720 8788: 8785:978-1573920674 8768: 8743: 8718: 8715:978-0550130006 8699: 8696:Lateran Treaty 8688: 8685:978-0415102315 8665: 8652: 8649:978-0521856669 8637:Iván T. Berend 8629: 8616: 8610:Carl Schmidt, 8603: 8600:978-0199936694 8583: 8557: 8531: 8524: 8504: 8497: 8477: 8468: 8465:979-1254690604 8448: 8445:978-2913165014 8423: 8420:978-0297765868 8403: 8400:978-0521522779 8383: 8380:978-2913165014 8359: 8356:978-2913165014 8334: 8316: 8281: 8255: 8237:978-0275958640 8236: 8216: 8213:978-0472108954 8193: 8190:978-0415249904 8173: 8170:978-0275958640 8153: 8146: 8123: 8103: 8100:978-0415290180 8080: 8067: 8050: 8047:978-0520044494 8030: 8027:978-0765808554 8007: 7984: 7981:978-0140257007 7964: 7957: 7934: 7921: 7902: 7882: 7843: 7830:978-8807808043 7829: 7809: 7790: 7757: 7738: 7732:. CITADEL PR. 7718: 7711: 7686: 7683:978-0520044494 7666: 7663:978-0691006291 7646: 7643:978-0520044494 7626: 7623:978-0691032894 7606: 7600:978-1857285956 7599: 7574: 7567: 7547: 7521: 7502: 7475: 7472:978-1611472608 7455: 7452:978-0521023665 7435: 7432:978-1902454085 7415: 7408: 7383: 7380:978-0521845151 7363: 7360:978-1453544570 7343: 7340:978-0199730780 7323: 7320:978-0415116312 7292: 7289:978-0674784758 7272: 7269:978-0274734382 7247: 7244:978-0801489211 7222: 7183: 7180:978-0813533087 7163: 7160:978-0415122801 7143: 7140:978-0521831314 7123: 7103: 7062: 7058:978-0415088152 7041: 7038:978-0415080699 7010: 7007:978-0415080699 6990: 6987:978-0822340157 6977:Mark Antliff. 6970: 6957: 6922: 6916:978-1906033569 6915: 6895: 6892:978-0520223639 6880:Ruth Ben-Ghiat 6872: 6854:978-1417992775 6853: 6833: 6786: 6779: 6759: 6746: 6689: 6686:978-0520071995 6669: 6649: 6634: 6602: 6588: 6575: 6562:978-9004212558 6561: 6541: 6539:Hibbert, p. 98 6532: 6523: 6514: 6507: 6481: 6474: 6437: 6422: 6389: 6386:978-9051831948 6378:Italy – Europe 6366: 6363:978-0231124690 6346: 6343:978-0714651774 6326: 6323:978-0199327119 6303: 6300:978-9004164482 6283: 6280:978-0786417100 6263: 6260:978-1598843026 6240: 6237:978-1841623122 6217: 6214:978-0521338356 6208:, 1982), 138. 6184: 6175: 6155: 6152:978-1579583927 6142:Carl Skutsch. 6135: 6132:978-8842524229 6115: 6099: 6096:978-0521856027 6079: 6076:978-0521845151 6052: 6039: 6026: 6023:978-0521338356 6006: 6003:978-0415216111 5986: 5977: 5959:978-1584779018 5958: 5938: 5935:978-1557531414 5915: 5909:Owen Pearson. 5902: 5895: 5872: 5869:978-0521023665 5847: 5840: 5820: 5800: 5797:978-9612318710 5780: 5777:978-0521737500 5760: 5757:978-0804739467 5735: 5732:978-0804736152 5715: 5695: 5692:978-0801489211 5675: 5672:978-0521691628 5640: 5624: 5606:978-1137508539 5605: 5585: 5566: 5547:(1): 106–122. 5531: 5517: 5497: 5483: 5463: 5444:(3): 425–443. 5428: 5399: 5396:978-0801489211 5374: 5354: 5351:978-0742531222 5334: 5331:978-0669811414 5314: 5301: 5298:978-0719040047 5288:John Whittam. 5281: 5278:978-1405154956 5258: 5238: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5132: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5022:Boia chi molla 5019: 5013: 5007: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4890:Robert Michels 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4792:National Front 4713:Sicilian Mafia 4684: 4681: 4645:Lateran Treaty 4637:Roman Question 4617:Lateran Treaty 4609:Roman Question 4600: 4597: 4433:life insurance 4393:Main article: 4390: 4387: 4383:traditionalist 4296:in the recent 4290:Vladimir Lenin 4286:class conflict 4189: 4186: 4133: 4130: 4036:Triple Entente 4009:Central Powers 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3945:modus operandi 3937:Amerigo Dumini 3881:Giacomo Acerbo 3823:civil religion 3780:Roman Republic 3752: 3717:Weltanschauung 3691:influenced by 3689:intellectually 3638:Main article: 3635: 3632: 3599:Lateran Treaty 3590:House of Savoy 3511: 3508: 3453: 3450: 3413: 3410: 3379: 3344: 3341: 3193:Main article: 3190: 3187: 3141:was proclaimed 3139:Italian Empire 3116:Galeazzo Ciano 3112:Mesocco Castle 3096:Duchy of Milan 3052:French Emperor 3025:Ionian Islands 2974:Italianization 2914: 2905: 2888: 2871:Italianization 2867:Italian Empire 2850: 2847: 2836: 2797:Italian Empire 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2711:(specifically 2686:Italian people 2655:class conflict 2519: 2518: 2516: 2515: 2508: 2501: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2470: 2469: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2345: 2333: 2323: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2230: 2229: 2228: 2222: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2172: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2136: 2135:962–1801 2133: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2043:Western Empire 2040: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2019: 2014: 2003: 1996: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1942: 1941: 1932: 1931: 1924: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1906: 1899: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1853:Social fascism 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1813:Feudal fascism 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1779: 1777:Related topics 1776: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1726: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1662:Third Position 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1503: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1424:Neo-Pétainism 1417: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1338: 1330: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1156: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1064: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 992:FE de las JONS 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 968: 967: 957: 952: 947: 946: 945: 935: 930: 929: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 898: 897: 896: 891: 880: 877: 876: 873: 872: 869: 868: 858: 848: 838: 828: 818: 808: 798: 788: 777: 774: 773: 770: 769: 766: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 693:von Liebenfels 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 594: 591: 590: 587: 586: 583: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 381: 378: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 343: 340: 339: 336: 335: 332: 331: 326: 324:Third Position 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 250: 249: 244: 239: 229: 224: 219: 214: 207: 202: 201: 200: 195: 185: 183:Indoctrination 180: 175: 170: 168:Heroic realism 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 93:Anti-communism 90: 85: 79: 76: 75: 72: 71: 63: 62: 56: 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18702: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18647: 18645: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18618: 18615: 18614: 18611: 18601: 18598: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18588: 18586: 18583: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18568: 18564: 18561: 18559: 18556: 18555: 18554: 18551: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18531: 18529: 18528:Proto-fascism 18526: 18524: 18521: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18497: 18494: 18493: 18492: 18489: 18485: 18482: 18481: 18480: 18479:Germanisation 18477: 18475: 18472: 18470: 18467: 18465: 18462: 18460: 18457: 18455: 18452: 18450: 18447: 18445: 18442: 18440: 18437: 18435: 18432: 18428: 18425: 18423: 18420: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18409: 18408: 18405: 18401: 18398: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18385: 18384: 18379: 18377: 18374: 18372: 18369: 18367: 18364: 18363: 18362: 18359: 18358: 18355: 18348: 18344: 18334: 18331: 18329: 18326: 18324: 18321: 18319: 18316: 18313: 18310: 18308: 18305: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18294: 18291: 18289: 18286: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18278:Anti-fascists 18276: 18275: 18272: 18265: 18261: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18227: 18226:The Holocaust 18224: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18213: 18211: 18207: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18191: 18188: 18186: 18183: 18181: 18178: 18176: 18173: 18171: 18168: 18166: 18163: 18161: 18158: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18147: 18145: 18141: 18135: 18132: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18117: 18115: 18112: 18110: 18107: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18097: 18095: 18094:March on Rome 18092: 18091: 18089: 18085: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18071: 18069: 18066: 18064: 18061: 18060: 18058: 18054: 18048: 18045: 18044: 18042: 18038: 18034: 18027: 18023: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17996: 17995: 17993: 17991:International 17989: 17983: 17980: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17958: 17955: 17953: 17950: 17949: 17947: 17943: 17937: 17934: 17932: 17929: 17927: 17924: 17922: 17919: 17917: 17914: 17910: 17907: 17906: 17905: 17902: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17889:Walloon Guard 17887: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17877: 17875: 17872: 17870: 17867: 17865: 17862: 17860: 17857: 17855: 17852: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17844:Silver Shirts 17842: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17825: 17824:Schutzstaffel 17822: 17820: 17817: 17815: 17812: 17810: 17807: 17805: 17802: 17800: 17797: 17795: 17792: 17790: 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17765: 17762: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17752: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17719:Interbrigades 17717: 17715: 17712: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17702: 17700: 17697: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17659:Flemish Guard 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17628: 17627:Bugojno group 17625: 17624: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17613: 17610: 17608: 17605: 17603: 17600: 17598: 17595: 17593: 17590: 17588: 17585: 17583: 17580: 17578: 17575: 17573: 17570: 17568: 17565: 17563: 17560: 17558: 17555: 17553: 17550: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17533: 17530: 17529: 17527: 17525: 17521: 17517: 17511: 17508: 17506: 17505:Wiking-Jugend 17503: 17501: 17498: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17485: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17446: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17396:Jungmädelbund 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17383: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17323: 17321: 17319: 17315: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17296: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17264: 17261: 17259: 17256: 17254: 17251: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17229: 17226: 17224: 17221: 17219: 17216: 17214: 17211: 17209: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17200: 17198: 17194: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17154: 17152: 17150:Institutional 17148: 17144: 17140:Organizations 17137: 17133: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17090: 17088: 17084: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17069: 17067: 17063: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17021:The Old Guard 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17007: 17004: 17002: 16999: 16997: 16994: 16992: 16989: 16987: 16984: 16983: 16981: 16977: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16965:Die Wehrmacht 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16955:Volk en Staat 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16910:Sfarmă-Piatră 16908: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16861: 16858: 16856: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16825:Nation Europa 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16761: 16758: 16756: 16753: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16671: 16668: 16666: 16663: 16661: 16658: 16657: 16655: 16651: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16491: 16489: 16485: 16481: 16474: 16470: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16430:Terre'Blanche 16428: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16415:Seyss-Inquart 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16310:Merlika-Kruja 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16127: 16125: 16121: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15896: 15894: 15892:United States 15890: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15815: 15813: 15809: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15744: 15742: 15738: 15732: 15731:Serrano Suñer 15729: 15727: 15726:Sánchez Mazas 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15706:Franco y Polo 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15677: 15674: 15673: 15671: 15667: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15625:Martsinkevich 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15567: 15565: 15561: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15501: 15499: 15495: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15435: 15433: 15429: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15204: 15202: 15198: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15118: 15116: 15112: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15082: 15080: 15076: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15026: 15024: 15020: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15008:Michaloliakos 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14985: 14983: 14979: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14714: 14712: 14708: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14641:Châteaubriant 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14608: 14606: 14602: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14541: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14491: 14489: 14485: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14420: 14418: 14414: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14379: 14377: 14373: 14369: 14362: 14358: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14234: 14233: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14198: 14196: 14194: 14193:South America 14190: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14110: 14108: 14106: 14102: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14027: 14024: 14023: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14006:Patriot Front 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13903: 13902: 13899: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13869:Aryan Nations 13867: 13865: 13862: 13861: 13860: 13857: 13856: 13854: 13852: 13851:North America 13848: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13823: 13820: 13819: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13557:Eurasia Party 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13509: 13507: 13505: 13501: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13364: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13306: 13303: 13302: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13247: 13245: 13243: 13239: 13233: 13232:Wiking-Jugend 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13191: 13188: 13187: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13150: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 13000: 12998: 12996: 12992: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12970: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12948: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12916: 12912: 12910: 12909: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12841: 12840: 12839: 12838: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12811:Nordic League 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12676: 12672: 12670: 12669: 12665: 12663: 12662: 12658: 12656: 12655: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12618:Heathen Front 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12563: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12516: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12469:Britain First 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12434: 12430: 12428: 12427: 12423: 12421: 12420: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12410: 12408: 12406: 12402: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12353: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12340: 12339:Vidya Bharati 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12326: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12289:Hindu Munnani 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12253: 12250: 12249: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12234: 12233: 12232:Sangh Parivar 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12177:Otzma Yehudit 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12112:Kokumin Dōmei 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12077:Golden Square 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12029: 12027: 12025: 12021: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11991: 11989: 11985: 11981: 11974: 11970: 11960: 11957: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11939: 11938: 11935: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11917: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11889: 11886: 11882: 11879: 11875: 11872: 11871: 11870: 11867: 11866: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11850: 11847: 11846: 11845: 11842: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11826: 11823: 11822: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11802: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11770: 11769: 11766: 11760: 11757: 11756: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11746: 11744: 11740: 11737: 11736: 11735: 11732: 11728: 11725: 11724: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11691: 11688: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11673: 11671: 11670: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11660: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11632: 11629: 11628: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11583: 11580: 11573: 11569: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11531: 11529: 11525: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11448:Perpetual war 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11418: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11396: 11392: 11390: 11389:Irrationalism 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11344:Direct action 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11304:Anti-pacifism 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11272: 11268: 11264: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11242: 11237: 11235: 11230: 11228: 11223: 11222: 11219: 11207: 11199: 11197: 11188: 11187: 11184: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10986: 10982: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10917: 10914: 10913: 10912: 10909: 10908: 10907: 10904: 10900: 10897: 10896: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10831: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10819: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10783: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10686: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10674: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10623: 10619: 10616: 10613: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10567: 10564: 10563: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10526: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10459: 10456: 10455: 10454: 10451: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10433: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10410: 10407: 10406: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10391: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10379: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10351:Years of Lead 10349: 10347: 10346:Economic Boom 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10333: 10332: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10322: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10289:Fascist Italy 10287: 10283: 10280: 10279: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10260: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10235:Niçard exodus 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10222: 10221: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10183: 10180: 10179: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10135: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10115: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10095: 10091: 10088: 10087: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10025: 10024: 10023: 10020: 10019: 10017: 10013: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9974: 9973: 9970: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9955:Magna Graecia 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9904: 9901: 9900: 9898: 9894: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9831: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9750: 9744: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9710: 9705: 9703: 9698: 9696: 9691: 9690: 9687: 9680: 9677: 9674: 9671: 9668: 9664: 9661: 9658: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9641: 9638: 9637: 9628: 9624: 9623:Trotsky, Leon 9621: 9618: 9617: 9612: 9608: 9605: 9601: 9598: 9595: 9591: 9588: 9584: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9573:Coogan, Kevin 9571: 9570: 9561: 9557: 9554: 9551: 9547: 9544: 9540: 9537: 9534: 9530: 9527: 9524: 9520: 9517: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9503: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9488: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9450: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9435: 9432: 9429: 9425: 9422: 9419: 9415: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9388: 9383: 9380: 9377: 9376:History Today 9373: 9369: 9363: 9359: 9358: 9353: 9349: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9335: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9311: 9307: 9306: 9292: 9288: 9285: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9265: 9262: 9261: 9250: 9249:FrasiMania.it 9247: 9242: 9234: 9228: 9224: 9223: 9215: 9199: 9195: 9191: 9185: 9169: 9165: 9164:The Telegraph 9161: 9154: 9147: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9131: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9111: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9081: 9074: 9068: 9052: 9048: 9044: 9037: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8992: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8975: 8971: 8966: 8950: 8946: 8940: 8924: 8920: 8914: 8910: 8904: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8874: 8873: 8865: 8857: 8851: 8847: 8846: 8838: 8822: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8792: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8772: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8740: 8739: 8734: 8730: 8727: 8722: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8703: 8697: 8692: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8669: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8638: 8633: 8626: 8620: 8613: 8607: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8587: 8571: 8567: 8561: 8545: 8541: 8535: 8527: 8521: 8518:. Routledge. 8517: 8516: 8508: 8500: 8494: 8491:. Routledge. 8490: 8489: 8481: 8472: 8466: 8462: 8458: 8455:Paul Corner, 8452: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8437: 8432: 8431:Daniel Guérin 8427: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8407: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8372: 8368: 8367:Daniel Guérin 8363: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8348: 8343: 8342:Daniel Guérin 8338: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8285: 8269: 8265: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8229: 8228: 8220: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8197: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8177: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8157: 8149: 8143: 8139: 8138: 8130: 8128: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8097: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8077: 8071: 8064: 8060: 8054: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8034: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8011: 8005: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7988: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7960: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7941: 7939: 7931: 7925: 7909: 7905: 7899: 7895: 7894: 7886: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7832: 7826: 7822: 7821: 7813: 7806: 7802: 7799: 7794: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7769:"So Long Ago" 7764: 7762: 7745: 7741: 7735: 7731: 7730: 7722: 7714: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7670: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7650: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7630: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7610: 7602: 7596: 7592: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7579: 7570: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7551: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7495: 7494: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7459: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7439: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7419: 7411: 7405: 7401: 7400: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7367: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7203:(4): 947–68. 7202: 7198: 7194: 7187: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7167: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7073: 7066: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7045: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6994: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6974: 6967: 6961: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6939:Inside Europe 6935: 6934:Gunther, John 6929: 6927: 6918: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6899: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6876: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6846: 6845: 6837: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6790: 6782: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6763: 6756: 6750: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6701: 6693: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6673: 6665: 6664: 6663:Inside Europe 6659: 6658:Gunther, John 6653: 6645: 6638: 6619: 6612: 6606: 6598: 6592: 6585: 6579: 6564: 6558: 6554: 6553: 6545: 6536: 6527: 6518: 6510: 6504: 6500: 6495: 6494: 6485: 6477: 6475:9780415290159 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6396: 6394: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6371: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6350: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6313:John Wright. 6310: 6308: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6244: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6222: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6195: 6188: 6179: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6139: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6119: 6112: 6106: 6104: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6083: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6049: 6043: 6036: 6030: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5981: 5965: 5961: 5955: 5951: 5950: 5942: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5919: 5912: 5906: 5898: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5843: 5837: 5833: 5832: 5824: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5747:Larry Wolff. 5744: 5742: 5740: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5712:9780802037626 5709: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5636: 5635: 5628: 5612: 5608: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5589: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5570: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5520: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5501: 5486: 5480: 5476: 5475: 5467: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5432: 5425: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5403: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5321:Eugen Weber. 5318: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5290:Fascist Italy 5285: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5263: 5256: 5255:9780415216128 5252: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5235:9780415216128 5232: 5228: 5222: 5220: 5215: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5198:Shōwa Statism 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5129:fascist state 5126: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4915:Alfredo Rocco 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4705:Thomas Edison 4702: 4698: 4697:Sigmund Freud 4694: 4690: 4680: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4596: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4551:, among them 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4531:with massive 4530: 4525: 4523: 4522:Syndical Laws 4519: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4507:protectionist 4499: 4494: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4473: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4458: 4457:Banco di Roma 4454: 4450: 4445: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4407:advertisement 4406: 4401: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4372:law and order 4369: 4365: 4361: 4360:March on Rome 4357: 4353: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4333: 4332:March on Rome 4328: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4176: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4150:amalgamations 4143: 4138: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4048:German Empire 4045: 4044:declaring war 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3966: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3929:secret police 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3890: 3887:approved—the 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3852: 3851:Georges Sorel 3842: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3784:fascist Italy 3781: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3770: 3760: 3759: 3751: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3727:Julius Caesar 3724: 3719: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3585: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3471:birth control 3468: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3385: 3378: 3373: 3371: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3276:Fascist Italy 3273: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3209: 3208: 3201: 3196: 3186: 3182: 3181:from France. 3180: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3158:were Italy's 3157: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3135:Grand Council 3131: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092:Gotthard Pass 3089: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2921: 2912: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2855:Spazio vitale 2842: 2835: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2805:Julius Caesar 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2760:youth in 1935 2759: 2755: 2751: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2717:Fascist Italy 2714: 2710: 2706: 2705:Nazi ideology 2702: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2668:, especially 2667: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2616:spazio vitale 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2514: 2509: 2507: 2502: 2500: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2465: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2384: 2383: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2336:Years of Lead 2334: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2120:774–962 2119: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2105:568–774 2104: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2095:435–534 2094: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2085:493–553 2084: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2075:476–493 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2060: 2059: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1989: 1988: 1980: 1979:Magna Graecia 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1922: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1900: 1898: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1871: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1843:Proto-fascism 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1753:South America 1751: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1741:North America 1739: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1715: 1714: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1319: 1318: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1253:Anti-fascists 1251: 1250: 1242: 1241: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1206:The Holocaust 1204: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1196:Peasant March 1194: 1192: 1191:Pact of Steel 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1181:Kristallnacht 1179: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1092:March on Rome 1090: 1089: 1083: 1082: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 966: 963: 962: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 944: 941: 940: 939: 936: 934: 931: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 903: 902: 899: 895: 892: 890: 887: 886: 885: 882: 881: 878:Organizations 875: 874: 864: 863: 859: 854: 853: 849: 844: 843: 839: 833: 829: 824: 823: 819: 814: 813: 809: 804: 803: 799: 794: 793: 789: 783: 779: 778: 772: 771: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 595: 592:Intellectuals 589: 588: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 382: 376: 375: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 344: 338: 337: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 264:Perpetual war 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 234: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 212: 208: 206: 205:Irrationalism 203: 199: 196: 194: 191: 190: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 148:Direct action 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 108:Anti-pacifism 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 80: 74: 73: 69: 65: 64: 61: 58: 57: 53: 49: 48: 45: 41: 37: 36:Fascist Italy 33: 19: 18655:Anti-Masonry 18543:Roman salute 18523:Post-fascism 18513:Neosocialism 18503:Japanization 18439:Berlusconism 18434:Anti-fascism 18383:Maurrassisme 18333:SS personnel 18323:Nazi leaders 18246:Tokyo Trials 18236:End in Italy 18216:World War II 18165:Enabling Act 17909:Rusich Group 17904:Wagner Group 17709:Hlinka Guard 17684:Hitler Youth 17679:Hilfspolizei 17572:Black Legion 17547:Azov Brigade 17520:Paramilitary 17500:Ustaše Youth 17381:Hitler Youth 17108:Hindutva pop 16880:Le Pays Réel 16730:The European 16494:1776 Returns 16130:Arana Osorio 15767:Klyachkivsky 15686:Bilbao Eguía 15655:Stojadinović 15013:Papadopoulos 14762:Falkenhausen 14478:van de Wiele 14263:Nacionalismo 14148:Lads Society 14143:Centre Party 13797:Steel Shield 13582:German Party 13361: 13158:Nazi Germany 12967: 12945: 12921:Rexist Party 12913: 12908:Pērkonkrusts 12906: 12849: 12835: 12673: 12666: 12659: 12652: 12633:Jeune Nation 12560: 12513: 12431: 12424: 12417: 12385:Tsagaan Khas 12361:Durga Vahini 12334:Seva Bharati 12102:Kataeb Party 11739:Intransigent 11733: 11676:Jeune Nation 11594:Nacionalismo 11488:Social order 11426:Palingenetic 11393: 11339:Dictatorship 11324:Conspiracism 11033:Architecture 11003:Quattrocento 10960:Social class 10940:Prostitution 10854:Demographics 10776:Trade unions 10719:Central Bank 10561:Human rights 10541:Constitution 10324:Contemporary 10294:World War II 10182:Italian Wars 10106:Early modern 10048:Papal States 10026:Italy under 9972:Ancient Rome 9614: 9603: 9600:Weber, Eugen 9593: 9586: 9576: 9559: 9549: 9542: 9532: 9522: 9490: 9475: 9456: 9452: 9437: 9427: 9417: 9402: 9385: 9375: 9356: 9344: 9337: 9322: 9313: 9290: 9280: 9276: 9270: 9248: 9241: 9225:. ABC-CLIO. 9221: 9214: 9202:. Retrieved 9198:the original 9193: 9184: 9172:. Retrieved 9163: 9153: 9136: 9130: 9115: 9110: 9098:. Retrieved 9089: 9080: 9073:Discorsi del 9072: 9067: 9055:. Retrieved 9046: 9036: 9019: 9011: 8996: 8991: 8965: 8953:. Retrieved 8939: 8927:. Retrieved 8903: 8891:. Retrieved 8875:. Palgrave. 8871: 8864: 8844: 8837: 8825:. Retrieved 8811: 8796: 8791: 8776: 8771: 8756: 8738:The Guardian 8736: 8721: 8706: 8702: 8691: 8676: 8668: 8660: 8655: 8640: 8632: 8624: 8619: 8611: 8606: 8591: 8586: 8574:. Retrieved 8560: 8548:. Retrieved 8534: 8514: 8507: 8487: 8480: 8471: 8456: 8451: 8434: 8426: 8411: 8406: 8391: 8386: 8369: 8362: 8345: 8337: 8329:the original 8319: 8294: 8290: 8284: 8272:. Retrieved 8258: 8246:. Retrieved 8226: 8219: 8204: 8196: 8181: 8176: 8161: 8156: 8136: 8115: 8106: 8075: 8070: 8062: 8058: 8053: 8038: 8033: 8018: 8010: 7995: 7987: 7972: 7967: 7947: 7929: 7924: 7912:. Retrieved 7892: 7885: 7873:. Retrieved 7834:. Retrieved 7819: 7812: 7793: 7781:. 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Retrieved 5473: 5466: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5422: 5414: 5409: 5402: 5387: 5362: 5357: 5342: 5337: 5322: 5317: 5309: 5304: 5289: 5284: 5269: 5246: 5241: 5226: 5082:Anti-fascism 5067: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5010:Viva il Duce 5009: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4965: 4870:Corrado Gini 4860:Enrico Ferri 4855:Julius Evola 4812: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4783: 4780:Roman salute 4743: 4720:Adolf Hitler 4717: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4657:Vatican City 4647:between the 4640: 4625:Risorgimento 4622: 4593: 4588: 4565:aeronautical 4533:public works 4526: 4515: 4503: 4486: 4480: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4416: 4410: 4380: 4349: 4337: 4303: 4302: 4275: 4268: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4203: 4197: 4194:shock troops 4191: 4178: 4171: 4166: 4147: 4132:Labor unrest 4111: 4102: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4055: 4046:against the 4021: 4007:against the 4005:Allied Power 3994: 3978:Julian March 3948: 3944: 3940: 3924: 3920: 3906: 3868: 3856: 3855: 3847: 3834: 3830: 3819:architecture 3804: 3778:(leader), a 3773: 3767: 3765: 3756: 3748: 3743:Roman Empire 3733:, the Frank 3729:, the Greek 3715: 3708: 3683:philosopher 3676: 3670: 3669: 3619:Papal States 3611:Vatican City 3595: 3586: 3581:Adolf Hitler 3569: 3558:Gaius Marius 3554:Risorgimento 3553: 3542: 3527: 3523: 3484: 3464: 3457: 3455: 3442:minimum wage 3439: 3415: 3398: 3390: 3383: 3375: 3369: 3367: 3362: 3359:Risorgimento 3358: 3355:totalitarian 3352: 3284:Nazi Germany 3269: 3245:Adolf Hitler 3238: 3233:Italian Jews 3215:" (English: 3212: 3183: 3160:Fourth Shore 3156:North Africa 3144: 3120:Western Alps 3077: 3063: 3055:Napoleon III 3033: 3002: 2998: 2952:South Slavic 2941: 2932:Risorgimento 2930: 2925: 2863:Mare Nostrum 2840: 2832: 2823:ghostwritten 2816: 2790: 2783:Roman Empire 2780: 2771: 2767:Risorgimento 2765: 2763: 2756:and fascist 2721:Nazi Germany 2713:anti-Slavism 2709:racist ideas 2703:inherent in 2701:antisemitism 2690: 2663: 2637: 2624: 2614: 2607:Ancient Rome 2584: 2539: 2535: 2523: 2522: 2473: 2463: 2371: 2370:(2020– 2347: 2329: 2328:(1946– 2252:Risorgimento 2250: 2208:Italian Wars 2196:Early modern 2027: 2021: 1993:Ancient Rome 1863:Uyoku dantai 1838:Post-fascism 1833:Para-fascism 1788:Anti-fascism 1718:By continent 1491:Intransigent 1485: 1428:Jeune Nation 1336:Nacionalismo 1308:SS personnel 1298:Nazi leaders 1201:World War II 1122:Enabling Act 1037:Rexist Party 1002:Kataeb Party 943:Ustaše Youth 911:Hitler Youth 860: 850: 840: 820: 810: 800: 790: 299:Social order 242:Palingenetic 209: 143:Dictatorship 128:Conspiracism 44: 32:Era Fascista 18585:Szeged Idea 18575:Sorelianism 18533:Red fascism 18390:Pinochetism 18175:July Putsch 18124:Le Faisceau 17998:Axis powers 17936:Youth Front 17774:Mano Blanca 17749:Legion Wasa 17674:Gold Shirts 17577:Blackshirts 17552:Bajrang Dal 17510:Youth Front 17213:The Britons 17187:Quadrumvirs 16996:Condottieri 16940:Der Umbruch 16930:Der Stürmer 16770:Golden Dawn 16685:Der Angriff 16665:Ajan Suunta 16653:Periodicals 16420:Starhemberg 16405:Schuschnigg 16260:al-Husseini 16140:D'Aubuisson 15949:Frankhouser 15909:Auernheimer 15823:Chamberlain 15660:Zhirinovsky 15105:Teymourtash 15100:Pezeshkpour 15095:Monshizadeh 14907:Renthe-Fink 14666:La Rochelle 13936:Hammerskins 13864:Aryan Guard 13592:Golden Dawn 13494:Youth Front 12556:Le Faisceau 12509:The Britons 12356:Bajrang Dal 12072:Grey Wolves 12052:Azure Party 11947:Revisionism 11930:Nazi-Maoism 11900:Syndicalist 11869:Legionarism 11832:Strasserism 11785:LaRoucheism 11759:Restoration 11534:Definitions 11416:Nationalism 11401:Masculinity 11379:Imperialism 11329:Corporatism 11271:Core tenets 11098:Italophilia 11058:Coat of arm 11008:Cinquecento 10884:Immigration 10834:Aristocracy 10699:Agriculture 10593:Nationality 10566:LGBT rights 10480:Earthquakes 10361:Mani pulite 10277:World War I 10220:Unification 10213:Late modern 10177:Renaissance 10022:Middle Ages 10015:Middle Ages 9992:Roman Italy 9759:Citizenship 9016:Philip Rees 8540:"Anno 1925" 8475:Sarti, 1968 8059:Opera Omnia 6719:: 149–172. 5168:Neo-fascism 5137:(1943–1945) 5050:Duce, a noi 5044:Dux mea lux 4966:Me ne frego 4935:Ugo Spirito 4746:journal of 4689:interbellum 4643:) with the 4569:agrarianism 4421:inheritance 4403:1939 Dutch 4368:Luigi Facta 4364:coup d'état 4345:Luigi Facta 4252:Blackshirts 4236:World War I 4142:text mining 3997:World War I 3735:Charlemagne 3657:ghostwriter 3584:in Europe. 3500: [ 3418:corporatist 3325:Italo Balbo 3321:Dino Grandi 3313:Racial Laws 3309:Nazi German 3265:master race 3257:Emil Ludwig 3225:Racial Laws 3175:Constantine 3104:Hinterrhein 3038:, Nice and 2813:imperialism 2787:Renaissance 2745:Nationalism 2640:corporatist 2613:to provide 2580:neo-fascist 2394:Citizenship 2349:Mani pulite 2262:Young Italy 2081:Ostrogothic 2017:Roman Italy 1936:History of 1858:Supremacism 1848:Red fascism 1694:Revisionism 1677:Nazi-Maoism 1647:Syndicalist 1616:Legionarism 1579:Strasserism 1537:LaRoucheism 1511:Restoration 1047:Axis powers 889:Blackshirts 713:Nihal Atsız 673:de Gobineau 608:Chamberlain 580:Van Severen 550:Starhemberg 470:Monshizadeh 379:Politicians 347:Definitions 232:Nationalism 217:Masculinity 178:Imperialism 133:Corporatism 18644:Categories 18580:Synarchism 18376:Khomeinism 18104:Acerbo Law 17884:Volkssport 17864:Third Klan 17694:Greyshirts 17366:Al-Futuwwa 17303:Right Club 17263:Mladorossi 16865:Panchjanya 16835:Neues Volk 16805:Masada2000 16750:Fritt Folk 16675:El Alcázar 16589:Mein Kampf 16487:Literature 16255:al-Husayni 16220:al-Gaylani 16109:Vonsyatsky 15828:Chesterton 15787:Shukhevych 15650:Rodzaevsky 15539:Manoilescu 15247:Bastianini 15222:D'Annunzio 15181:Natan-Zada 14993:Kasidiaris 14912:Ribbentrop 14867:Ludendorff 14671:Lagardelle 14631:Brasillach 14058:Wotansvolk 14048:Volksfront 14033:Third Klan 14011:Proud Boys 13916:Creativity 13607:Iron Guard 13148:Nazi Party 12515:La Cagoule 12449:Blueshirts 12107:Kenkokukai 12042:Aria Party 11999:Greyshirts 11856:Pan-Turkic 11820:Neo-Nazism 11590:Argentine 11508:Syncretism 11498:Statolatry 11463:Propaganda 11406:Militarism 11314:Chauvinism 11168:Traditions 11158:Television 11143:Philosophy 11108:Literature 11048:Cathedrals 11018:Settecento 10879:Healthcare 10844:Corruption 10839:Censorship 10598:Parliament 10556:Government 10356:Maxi Trial 10304:Resistance 10033:Ostrogoths 9965:Messapians 9850:Villanovan 9840:Prehistory 9833:Prehistory 9651:Yad Vashem 9499:0195057805 9484:0878551905 9446:0906336007 9411:0299148742 9396:1400040949 9331:0674459628 9204:10 January 9174:24 October 9100:24 October 9057:24 October 8882:0312231636 8855:0520226771 8765:0394716582 8525:0415026253 8498:0415131618 8274:2 February 8248:1 November 8147:027596874X 8004:0765805936 7958:0748733868 7903:1842121235 7836:13 January 7739:0806523999 7712:0199133247 7568:1589790952 7503:0765805936 7409:1589790952 7374:. p. 113. 7120:0748733868 6950:18 January 6172:8846453646 5896:0521845157 5841:0826417612 5617:13 January 5371:0299148742 5210:References 5193:Squadrismo 5026:tempo boia 4760:San Marino 4724:Nazi Party 4660:microstate 4553:Alfa Romeo 4437:privatised 4417:squadristi 4294:Bolsheviks 4270:squadrismo 4225:squadristi 4180:squadrismo 4175:Blackshirt 4169:to power. 4158:right-wing 3990:Yugoslavia 3917:Blackshirt 3889:Acerbo Law 3566:figurehead 3545:republican 3459:Giovinezza 3422:syndicates 3347:See also: 3286:. Italy's 3088:Graubünden 3064:italianità 2937:Giolittian 2801:Third Rome 2758:Blackshirt 2730:Dodecanese 2666:liberalism 2647:syndicates 2342:Maxi Trial 2225:Napoleonic 1603:Pan-Turkic 1567:Neo-Nazism 1332:Argentine 950:Blueshirts 933:Iron Guard 901:Nazi Party 894:Squadrismo 792:Mein Kampf 775:Literature 628:De Benoist 618:D'Annunzio 613:Chesterton 525:Rodzaevsky 465:von Marées 400:Böszörmény 319:Syncretism 309:Statolatry 279:Propaganda 222:Militarism 118:Chauvinism 77:Principles 18563:Nordicism 18474:Garveyism 18407:Alt-right 18371:Francoism 18366:Chiangism 17899:Waffen-SS 17804:Rodobrana 17794:The Order 17789:New Guard 17724:Iron Wolf 17669:Frontbann 17592:Column 88 17524:terrorist 17157:Ahnenerbe 16925:Spearhead 16920:Siniristi 16895:Das Reich 16885:Der Pimpf 16870:Panzerbär 16860:Organiser 16850:Novopress 16815:Nash Put' 16455:Weinstein 16270:Linderman 16210:Ďurčanský 16014:MacDonald 16009:Lindbergh 15883:Wellesley 15873:Southgate 15858:Pankhurst 15797:Tyahnybok 15681:Bau Nolla 15645:Prokhanov 15630:Milchakov 15610:Kuryokhin 15585:Borovikov 15580:Barkashov 15575:Astroŭski 15509:Bacaloglu 15504:Antonescu 15453:Hashimoto 15357:Mussolini 15342:Marinetti 15337:Malaparte 15292:Corradini 15156:Greenberg 15146:Goldstein 15059:Mukherjee 15044:Golwalkar 14988:Dragoumis 14952:Streicher 14922:Rosenberg 14852:Klintzsch 14732:Berchtold 14651:Déroulède 14585:Somersalo 14509:Kvaternik 14504:Kraljević 14499:Francetić 14375:Australia 14001:The Order 13175:New Order 12969:Verdinaso 12801:New Party 12227:Sakurakai 12192:Patrol 36 11977:Movements 11937:Uruguayan 11865:Romanian 11815:Hitlerism 11745:Japanese 11702:Hungarism 11690:Valoisism 11668:Pétainism 11663:Doriotism 11653:Falangism 11626:Christian 11616:Brazilian 11611:Banderism 11554:Symbolism 11539:Economics 11349:Dirigisme 11128:Mythology 11103:Libraries 11023:Ottocento 10965:Terrorism 10906:Languages 10859:Education 10781:Transport 10731:Companies 10638:Provinces 10608:President 10573:Judiciary 10546:Elections 10458:Volcanoes 10453:Volcanism 10446:Apennines 10431:Mountains 10399:Peninsula 10382:Geography 10313:Civil War 10038:Byzantium 9945:Etruscans 9880:Canegrate 9875:Golasecca 9860:Rinaldone 9855:Terramare 9845:Neolithic 9602:. 1985. 8929:14 August 8893:14 August 8757:Mussolini 8182:Mussolini 7914:14 August 7750:14 August 7514:14 August 7060:, p. 205. 6865:14 August 6828:161818702 6820:0022-0094 6741:156952523 6733:1469-5103 6709:Cambridge 6568:9 January 6555:. Brill. 6466:Routledge 6432:201401541 5970:14 August 5561:216113682 5524:12 August 5458:145516332 4817:Falangism 4453:deflation 4354:the weak 4244:anarchist 4163:Bolshevik 4154:left-wing 4091:anarchist 4087:syncretic 3873:pluralist 3681:actualist 3607:concordat 3601:with the 3510:Tradition 3467:sexuality 3349:Caesarism 3108:Trivulzio 2986:Italiotes 2982:Albanians 2928:Mazzinian 2792:Romanitas 2697:Nordicism 2682:tradition 2674:socialism 2629:hegemonic 2316:Partisans 2071:Odoacer's 2029:Optimates 2023:Populares 1783:Alt-right 1684:Uruguayan 1612:Romanian 1562:Hitlerism 1497:Japanese 1454:Hungarism 1442:Valoisism 1420:Pétainism 1415:Doriotism 1405:Francoism 1400:Falangism 1373:Christian 1368:Chiangism 1358:Brazilian 1353:Banderism 743:Rosenberg 703:Marinetti 678:Haushofer 480:Mussolini 367:Symbolism 352:Economics 153:Dirigisme 18617:Category 18590:Trumpism 18558:Aryanism 18508:Morenazi 18422:Alt-tech 18412:Alt-lite 18395:Putinism 18003:NSDAP/AO 17769:Makapili 17744:Lăncieri 17699:Heimwehr 17557:The Base 17258:The Link 17196:Activist 17006:Erbkrank 16760:Gândirea 16740:Fashizmi 16509:Defiance 16445:Vikernes 16365:Quisling 16350:Planetta 16335:Piasecki 16300:Martínez 16235:Gustloff 16215:Frashëri 16200:Dollfuss 16190:Coughlin 16165:Carrasco 16074:Rockwell 16054:Patsalos 16004:LaRouche 15979:Invictus 15969:Heimbach 15802:Vitrenko 15752:Biletsky 15640:Prilepin 15605:Kaminski 15514:Codreanu 15488:Sasakawa 15473:Matsuoka 15407:Sarfatti 15392:Ridruejo 15377:Pavolini 15367:Panunzio 15362:Olivetti 15352:Morgagni 15327:Graziani 15312:Giuriati 15232:Badoglio 15151:Gopstein 15131:Ben-Gvir 15085:Forouhar 15069:Vajpayee 15064:Savarkar 15049:Hedgewar 14957:Terboven 14937:Skorzeny 14882:Niekisch 14837:Heydrich 14797:Goebbels 14727:Baeumler 14616:Bardèche 14595:Varjonen 14580:Simojoki 14534:Servatzy 14448:Eriksson 14433:Degrelle 14428:Declercq 14392:Cottrell 13567:Format18 13180:Nipsters 12941:Stormers 12806:Nipsters 11959:Ustašism 11810:Esoteric 11805:Austrian 11795:Mystical 11773:Kahanism 11712:Ilminism 11697:Hindutva 11638:Clerical 11606:Austrian 11576:Variants 11453:Populism 11421:Integral 11395:Machismo 11359:Eugenics 11206:Category 11093:Internet 11083:Folklore 11013:Seicento 10998:Trecento 10993:Duecento 10955:Religion 10916:Regional 10894:Italians 10869:Gambling 10761:Taxation 10588:Military 10529:Politics 10331:Republic 10118:Florence 10043:Lombards 9982:Republic 9928:Samnites 9923:Picentes 9865:Apennine 9824:Railways 9804:Military 9752:By topic 9736:Overview 9720:articles 9643:Archived 9625:. 1944. 9575:. 1999. 9541:. 1949. 9531:. 1966. 9474:. 1976. 9426:. 1935. 9354:(2014). 9321:. 1977. 9277:fascismo 9168:Archived 9142:Archived 9094:Archived 9051:Archived 9047:Overland 8983:for the 8977:Archived 8949:Archived 8923:Archived 8887:Archived 8821:Archived 8729:Archived 8570:Archived 8544:Archived 8268:Archived 8242:Archived 7908:Archived 7869:Archived 7801:Archived 7744:Archived 7540:21 April 7534:Archived 7508:Archived 7132:Fascists 7087:Archived 6944:Archived 6936:(1940). 6859:Archived 6713:New York 6660:(1940). 6462:New York 6448:(2004). 6197:Archived 5964:Archived 5883:(2006). 5812:Archived 5611:Archived 5577:Archived 5490:9 August 5117:Hindutva 5075:See also 4711:and the 4653:Holy See 4651:and the 4573:autarchy 4520:and the 4498:Littoria 4317:Futurist 4258:such as 4167:en route 3982:Dalmatia 3753:— 3739:Napoleon 3723:nobility 3709:Doctrine 3634:Doctrine 3603:Holy See 3534:she-wolf 3519:She-wolf 3446:lockouts 3380:— 3290:leader, 3282:partner 3084:Romansch 3082:and the 3068:Petrarch 3016:Chameria 2990:Illyrian 2965:Slovenia 2944:Dalmatia 2902:Dalmatia 2837:— 2821:(1932), 2809:Augustus 2657:through 2625:en route 2556:ideology 2534:), also 2475:Timeline 2439:Military 2387:By topic 2326:Republic 2310:Fascist 2281:Monarchy 2236:Republic 2148:Medieval 2126:Germanic 2111:Frankish 2006:Republic 1927:a series 1925:Part of 1818:Futurism 1734:Bulgaria 1706:Ustašism 1557:Esoteric 1552:Austrian 1542:Mystical 1525:Kahanism 1464:Ilminism 1449:Hindutva 1385:Clerical 1348:Austrian 1322:Variants 965:Stewards 728:Panunzio 723:Olivetti 698:von List 603:Bardèche 598:Baeumler 555:Strasser 495:Quisling 435:Degrelle 420:Codreanu 269:Populism 237:Integral 211:Machismo 193:Economic 158:Eugenics 52:a series 50:Part of 18295: ( 18030:History 17945:Student 17921:Werwolf 17834:Sicarii 17764:Levente 17423:Levente 16991:Bengasi 16800:Limonka 16790:Kangura 16755:Fronten 16735:Fashist 16599:My Life 16440:Tsankov 16425:Szálasi 16395:Salgado 16370:Ramírez 16330:Pfrimer 16325:Noreika 16305:McInnes 16280:Lugones 16245:Hamidov 16205:O'Duffy 16185:Clausen 16175:Celmiņš 16160:Caetano 16155:Bushati 16145:Bahçeli 16089:Spencer 16049:Nordean 16044:Mullins 16039:Minadeo 16024:Metzger 15994:Kessler 15954:Fuentes 15934:Dilling 15929:Collins 15899:Abascal 15878:Tyndall 15863:Pearson 15833:Griffin 15818:Beckett 15792:Stetsko 15782:Samchuk 15762:Gubarev 15757:Dontsov 15747:Bandera 15740:Ukraine 15620:Limonov 15549:Ogoranu 15529:Gigurtu 15519:Crainic 15497:Romania 15417:Spirito 15412:Soffici 15402:Rossoni 15347:Michels 15307:Gentile 15267:Boselli 15252:Bianchi 15212:Alfieri 15161:Ha'ivri 15141:Eliyahu 15126:Ben-Ari 15121:Ahimeir 15090:Kashani 14998:Koryzis 14967:Krosigk 14962:Thadden 14932:Schreck 14927:Schmitt 14897:Reitsch 14872:Maurice 14842:Himmler 14817:Günther 14812:Greiser 14787:Franz V 14777:Forster 14747:Brunner 14710:Germany 14686:Rebatet 14555:Isotalo 14550:Helanen 14543:Finland 14524:Pavičić 14519:Pavelić 14514:Luburić 14487:Croatia 14468:Severen 14453:Hermans 14416:Belgium 14105:Oceania 13802:Svoboda 13562:Falanga 13300:Falange 12380:Tōhōkai 11942:Marzism 11888:Russian 11849:Finnish 11837:Swedish 11825:Russian 11790:Latvian 11754:Statism 11734:Italian 11722:Islamic 11621:British 11438:New Man 11374:Heroism 11248:Fascism 11163:Theatre 11138:Palaces 11118:Museums 11088:Gardens 11073:Fashion 11063:Cuisine 11043:Castles 10985:Culture 10935:Poverty 10911:Italian 10822:Society 10803:Welfare 10771:Tourism 10741:Exports 10709:Banking 10689:Economy 10677:Economy 10633:Regions 10515:Valleys 10485:Islands 10465:Beaches 10436:Prealps 10416:Geology 10404:Climate 10068:Normans 10028:Odoacer 9977:Kingdom 9960:Ligures 9896:Ancient 9870:Nuragic 9819:Postage 9794:Judaism 9784:Genetic 9774:Fashion 9769:Economy 9728:History 9303:General 9283:, 1932. 9279:in the 9258:Sources 8955:16 July 8827:16 July 8576:16 July 8550:16 July 8311:1852268 7875:16 July 7783:16 July 7217:2638244 7096:22 July 6627:1 March 6584:Fascism 5097:Fascism 4790:of the 4776:Šajkača 4589:Il Duce 4500:in 1932 4477:Marconi 4389:Economy 4280:to the 4022:At the 3972:, i.e. 3750:future. 3640:Fascism 3625:in the 3479:puberty 3431:Marxism 3361:of the 3179:Algeria 3170:Tunisia 3036:Corsica 2978:Albania 2969:Slovene 2920:Corsica 2544:fascist 2540:Fascism 2528:Italian 2459:Railway 2454:Postage 2429:Judaism 2419:Genetic 2409:Fashion 2404:Economy 2372:present 2330:present 2299:Fascism 2241:Kingdom 2169:Normans 2101:Lombard 2000:Kingdom 1803:F-scale 1763:Uruguay 1689:Marzism 1635:Russian 1596:Finnish 1584:Swedish 1572:Russian 1506:Statism 1486:Italian 1474:Islamic 1363:British 1270: ( 1086:History 1027:Ratniks 906:Gestapo 753:Spirito 748:Schmitt 708:Michels 663:Gentile 560:Szálasi 545:Starace 535:Salgado 500:Pavelić 490:O'Duffy 425:Darnand 254:New Man 173:Heroism 60:Fascism 18400:Ziaism 18068:Fascio 18063:Arditi 18008:ODESSA 17754:Lehava 17704:Hirden 17223:DeVlag 17072:Allach 16950:Vlajka 16945:Vairas 16915:Signal 16820:Nástup 16775:Hamaas 16690:Arriba 16670:L'Alba 16660:Action 16609:OPROP! 16549:Hunter 16410:Šešelj 16400:Sayigh 16390:Saadeh 16385:Rupnik 16320:Mohler 16315:Miklas 16295:Madero 16275:Ljotić 16250:Hlinka 16230:Gömbös 16225:Genoud 16150:Blythe 16135:Arcand 16114:Yockey 16099:Tarrio 16064:Pierce 16059:Pelley 16029:Miller 15964:Graves 15904:Anglin 15868:Ramsay 15838:Jordan 15701:Franco 15676:Arrese 15595:Dugina 15563:Russia 15478:Nonaka 15468:Kodama 15372:Papini 15322:Grandi 15272:Bottai 15217:Ambris 15207:Acerbo 15191:Yeivin 15176:Marzel 15171:Kahane 15166:Heruti 15114:Israel 15029:Advani 14981:Greece 14972:Zündel 14917:Rieger 14887:Ploetz 14877:Müller 14862:Kühnen 14847:Hitler 14827:Heiden 14802:Göring 14792:Gesche 14752:Bühler 14737:Berger 14722:Andrae 14696:Valois 14681:Pétain 14661:Doriot 14636:Bucard 14626:Béraud 14611:Augier 14604:France 14570:Kosola 14565:Konkka 14560:Kalsta 14473:Streel 14463:Poulet 14458:Lagrou 14407:Saleam 14365:People 13831:Vlajka 13812:Ustaše 13732:Pamyat 13602:Hosank 13270:CEDADE 12975:Vigrid 11987:Africa 11952:Sosism 11910:Techno 11861:Rexism 11800:Nazism 11768:Jewish 11727:Ziaism 11658:French 11643:Crypto 11527:Topics 11468:Racism 11260:Themes 11194: 11068:Design 11053:Cinema 11028:Anthem 10950:Racism 10899:People 10874:Health 10736:Energy 10726:Brands 10653:Comune 10648:Cities 10510:Rivers 10470:Canals 10153:Amalfi 10138:Venice 9997:Empire 9938:Veneti 9913:Latins 9885:Latial 9718: 9511: 9497: 9482: 9444: 9409: 9394: 9384:2004. 9364: 9329: 9229: 9122: 9028: 9003: 8915: 8879: 8852: 8803: 8783: 8763: 8713: 8683: 8647: 8598: 8522: 8495: 8463: 8443: 8418: 8398: 8378: 8354: 8309: 8234: 8211: 8188: 8168: 8144: 8098: 8045: 8025: 8002: 7979: 7955: 7900: 7827: 7736: 7709: 7681: 7661: 7641: 7621: 7597: 7565: 7500: 7470: 7450: 7430: 7406: 7378: 7358: 7338: 7318: 7287: 7267: 7242: 7215: 7178: 7158: 7138: 7118: 7056: 7036: 7005: 6985: 6913: 6890: 6851: 6826: 6818: 6777: 6739: 6731: 6684: 6559: 6505: 6472: 6458:London 6430: 6420: 6384: 6361: 6341: 6321: 6298: 6278: 6258: 6235: 6212: 6170: 6150: 6130: 6094: 6074: 6048:Nature 6035:Nature 6021: 6001: 5956: 5933: 5893: 5867: 5838: 5795: 5775: 5755: 5730: 5710: 5690: 5670: 5603: 5559: 5515: 5481: 5456: 5417:] 5394: 5369: 5349: 5329: 5310:Forbes 5296: 5276: 5253: 5233: 5173:Nazism 4754:. The 4726:, the 4629:Papacy 4579:, the 4425:luxury 4352:depose 4230:Arditi 4220:Arditi 4212:Arditi 4210:. The 4208:fezzes 4204:Arditi 4199:Arditi 4107:praxis 4028:Rijeka 3995:After 3976:, the 3867:(PNF, 3761:, 1933 3615:papacy 3530:fasces 3475:condom 3386:(1932) 3239:Until 3189:Racism 3124:Valais 3080:Ticino 3012:Epirus 3008:Kosovo 2918: 2916: 2909: 2907: 2898:Ticino 2892: 2890: 2869:, and 2843:(1932) 2693:Nazism 2275:Modern 2091:Vandal 2037:Empire 1929:on the 1746:Canada 1729:Europe 1699:Sosism 1657:Techno 1608:Rexism 1547:Nazism 1520:Jewish 1479:Ziaism 1410:French 1390:Crypto 938:Ustaše 866:(2001) 856:(1997) 846:(1948) 836:(1932) 826:(1931) 816:(1930) 806:(1928) 796:(1925) 786:(1919) 763:Yockey 758:Valois 643:Eckart 575:Valois 570:Türkeş 530:Saadeh 505:Pelley 485:Nakano 475:Mosley 460:Ljotić 455:Hitler 445:Franco 440:Doriot 410:Bucard 405:Bottai 385:Arcand 341:Topics 284:Racism 198:Social 18268:Lists 18209:1940s 18143:1930s 18087:1920s 18056:1910s 18040:1900s 17318:Youth 17253:GRECE 17065:Other 16629:Siege 16477:Works 16355:Preto 16340:Perón 16285:Lukov 16240:Hácha 16180:Cerro 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9458:Telos 8307:JSTOR 7213:JSTOR 7090:(PDF) 7085:(4). 7075:(PDF) 6824:S2CID 6737:S2CID 6707:(1). 6621:(PDF) 6614:(PDF) 6428:S2CID 6229:Malta 5557:S2CID 5454:S2CID 5419:(PDF) 5413:[ 4970:motto 4784:Vodja 4734:(the 4585:Grain 3933:Cheka 3796:crown 3712:' 3697:Plato 3693:Hegel 3504:] 3165:Libya 3147:Malta 3040:Savoy 2994:Roman 2911:Malta 2885:Corfu 2881:Savoy 2799:as a 2444:Music 2414:Flags 2165:Islam 1956:Early 1938:Italy 1469:Irish 1245:Lists 738:Ramos 733:Pound 718:Ōkawa 668:Giani 658:Freda 653:Feder 648:Evola 638:Dugin 623:Darré 520:Ramos 510:Preto 415:Ciano 395:Balbo 390:Araki 247:Ultra 17759:Lehi 17654:FEAR 17522:and 17026:Raza 16979:Film 16450:Wang 16435:Tiso 16375:Rhee 16360:Puyi 16290:Mach 16195:Devi 15999:Lane 15974:Hall 15939:Duke 15570:Aijo 15554:Sima 15544:Moța 15534:Goga 15524:Cuza 15463:Kita 15438:Akao 15317:Gozi 15262:Bono 15257:Boni 15078:Iran 15054:Modi 15034:Bose 14892:Rahn 14857:Kuhn 14832:Hess 14807:Graf 14742:Best 14701:Vial 14656:Dior 14646:Déat 14575:Orko 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