2117:
2133:
2906:
1317:
1262:
2040:
2165:
2602:
1885:
1636:
61:
1073:) were also sunk during the fighting. Later in the morning, however, De Vecchi ordered the prisoners to be released and had their weapons returned to them. New popular protests broke out, as the Italian units were disbanded and the senior commanders fled from the city; the divisional command surrendered Piombino to the Germans on 12 September, and the city was occupied. Many of the sailors, soldiers and citizens who had fought in the battle of Piombino retreated to the surrounding woods and formed the first partisan formations in the area. For the deeds of its citizens, the town received a gold medal for Military Valour from the
2502:
1867:
466:
2371:
1536:
2149:
2063:, Germany's commander of occupation forces in Italy, that he estimated German casualties fighting partisans in the summer of 1944 amounted to 30,000 to 35,000, including 5,000 confirmed killed. Kesselring considered the number to be exaggerated, and offered his own figure of 20,000: 5,000 killed, between 7,000 and 8,000 missing / "kidnapped" (including deserters), and a similar number seriously wounded. Both sources agreed that partisan losses were less. By the end of the year, German reinforcements and Mussolini's remaining forces crushed the uprising.
3507:
1341:
767:
2614:
2243:
966:
senior
Italian commander, general Fortunato Perni, instead ordered his tanks to open fire on the civilians – an order the tankers refused. Meanwhile, De Vecchi forbade any action against the Germans. This however did not stop the protests; some junior officers, acting on their own initiative and against the orders (Perni and De Vecchi even tried to dismiss them for this), assumed command and started distributing weapons to the population, and civilian volunteers joined the Italian sailors and soldiers in the defense.
11839:
662:
930:
4478:
2363:
783:
1904:. This involved groups of 40–50 fighters ambushing and harassing the Nazis and their allies. The size of the brigades was reflective of the resources available to the partisans. Resource limits could not support large groups in one area. Mobility was key to their success. Their terrain knowledge enabled narrow escapes in small groups when nearly surrounded by the Germans. The partisans had no permanent headquarters or bases, making them difficult to destroy.
8558:
1089:
615:
519:
2697:) – proclaimed a general insurrection in all the territories still occupied by the Nazi-fascists, indicating to all the partisan forces active in Northern Italy that were part of the Volunteer Corps of Freedom to attack the fascist and German garrisons by imposing the surrender, days before the arrival of the Allied troops. "Surrender or die!" was the rallying call of the partisans that day and those immediately following.
1329:
8547:
3441:
1360:, consisted of four days of continuous open warfare and guerrilla actions by locals against the Nazi Germans. The spontaneous uprising of Neopolitan and Italian Resistance against German occupying forces (despite limited armament, organization, or planning) nevertheless successfully disrupted German plans to deport Neopolitans en masse, destroy the city, and prevent Allied forces from gaining a strategic foothold.
1654:
66:
2743:
1627:. Their ranks were gradually increased by the influx of young men escaping the Italian Social Republic's draft, as well as from deserters from the RSI armed forces. By August 1944, the number of partisans had grown to 100,000, and it escalated to more than 250,000 with the final insurrection in April 1945. The Italian resistance suffered 50,000 fighters killed throughout the conflict.
2490:. His negotiations were an act of betrayal against the Germans. When confronted about this by Achille Marazza, Mussolini said, "They have always treated us as slaves. I will now resume my freedom of action." With the city already held by resistance fighters, Mussolini used his connections one last time to secure passage with an escaping German convoy on its way to the
2016:(Justice and Freedom) movement. Republican and Catholic women, along with those without prior political or ideological commitments, also joined. These groups predominantly operated in the northern midlands of Italy. Scholars attribute this geographic spread to the influence of local women's clothing, which fostered individual initiative and civic awareness.
1989:(patriots); they broke into these groups based on their activities. The majority were between 20 and 29. They were generally kept separate from male partisans. Few were attached to brigades and were even rarer in mountain brigades. Female countryside volunteers were generally rejected. Women still served in large numbers and had significant influence.
1293:, the German puppet regime in northern Italy led by Mussolini, or in Italian "volunteer" units in the German armed forces) or, otherwise, be sent to detention camps in Germany. Those soldiers and officials who refused to recognize the "republic" led by Mussolini were taken as civilian prisoners too. Only 10 percent agreed to enroll.
2345:. Since Jews were considered "enemy aliens" by the Social Republic regime, they were left with little or nothing to live on, and many were deported to Nazi concentration and extermination camps where about 7,000 died. DELASEM helped thousands of Jews by offering food, shelter and money. Some of its members would later be designated
2423:
impose control as soon as they took the place of the retreating
Germans. While the Kingdom of Italy was the de facto ruler of the south, the National Liberation Committee, still embedded in German territory, existed as a populist organization which posed a threat to the monarchy and property owners in post-war Italy. However the
640:
threatening the regime, if some attacks carried out in particular by anarchists are excluded. Their activity was limited to the ideological side; the production of writings was copious, particularly among the anti-fascist exile communities, which however did not reach the masses and did not influence public opinion.
2441:
2754:
1269:
Italian soldiers captured by the
Germans numbered around 650,000–700,000 (some 45,000 others were killed in combat, executed, or died during transport), of whom between 40,000 and 50,000 later died in the camps. Most refused cooperation with the Third Reich despite hardship, chiefly to maintain their
2756:
2317:
Another task carried out by the resistance was assisting escaping POWs (an estimated 80,000 were interned in Italy until 8 September 1943), to reach Allied lines or
Switzerland on paths previously used by smugglers. Some fugitives and groups of fugitives hid in safe houses, usually arranged by women
1946:
Resistance activities were different in the cities. Some
Italians ignored the struggle, while others organized, such as the Patriotic Action Squads and issued propaganda. Groups such as the Patriotic Action Groups carried out military actions. A more expansive support network was devised than in the
1355:
Naples was the first of the major
European cities to rise up against the German occupation, and successfully at that. The people of Naples revolted and held strong against Nazi occupiers in the last days of September 1943. The popular mass uprising and resistance in Naples against the occupying Nazi
965:
Amedeo
Capuano, the Naval commander of the harbour. Once they entered and landed, the German forces showed a hostile behaviour, and it became clear that their intent was to occupy the town; the local population asked for a resolved reaction by the Italian forces, threatening an insurrection, but the
2577:
According to a book published in 1955 by an
Italian ministerial committee on the tenth anniversary of the Liberation, casualties in Italy among the Resistance movement amounted to 35,828 partisans killed in action or executed, and 21,168 partisans mutilated or left disabled by their wounds. Another
2431:
emphasized national unity and "progressive democracy" in order to stake their claim in the post-war political situation. Despite the pressing need to resolve social issues which persisted after the fall of fascism, the resistance movement was subordinated to the interests of Allied leaders in order
904:
signed the order of surrender; the
Italian divisions were disbanded and their troops taken prisoner. Although some officers participating in the battle later joined the resistance, the clash in Rome was not motivated by anti-German sentiment so much as the desire to control the Italian capital and
2871:
between 1943 and 1945 during the
Liberation of Italy from German occupation and during the civil war. Versions of this song continue to be sung worldwide as a hymn of freedom and resistance. As an internationally known hymn of freedom, it was intoned at many historic and revolutionary events. The
2019:
Initially, the women's groups aimed to support resistance efforts in auxiliary roles. However, they quickly assumed leadership responsibilities in areas such as information dissemination, propaganda, issuing orders, and handling ammunition. Some women even directly engaged in armed resistance as
2422:
The April insurrection brought to the fore issues between the resistance and the Allies. Given the revolutionary dimension of the insurrection in the industrial centres of Turin, Milan, and Genoa, where concerted factory occupations by armed workers had occurred, the Allied commanders sought to
2733:
said: "The values and merits of the Resistance, from the Partisan movement and the soldiers who sided with the fight for liberation to the Italian armed forces, are indelible and beyond any rhetoric of mythicization or any biased denigration. The Resistance, the commitment to reconquer Italy's
2560:
The total number of victims of the anti-fascist movement remains unclear; it is estimated that between 12,000 and 26,000 people were killed, usually in extrajudicial executions. The outburst was particularly violent in the northern provinces; according to statistics provided by the Ministry of
2564:
Some historians who have dealt with the civil war in Italy have also taken into consideration the phenomenon of post-war violence, placing the end of the civil war beyond the official end of the Second World War in Europe. Therefore, for them, it is not easy to identify a real end date of the
1971:
639:
The anti-fascists therefore organized themselves clandestinely in Italy and abroad, creating with great difficulty a rudimentary network of connections, which however did not produce significant practical results, remaining fragmented into small uncoordinated groups, incapable of attacking or
5812:
2700:
Since then, public events in memory of the event, like marches and parades, have been organized annually in all Italian cities – especially in those decorated with military valour for the war of liberation. Among the events of the festival program, there is the solemn homage, by the
1304:(7.1%), mining (28.5%), construction (5.9%) and agriculture (14.3%). The working conditions were very poor. The Italians were inadequately fed or clothed for the German winter. Many became sick and died. The death rate of the military internees at 6-7% was second only to that of
2586:
only considered as partisans the members of the Resistance who were civilians before joining the partisans, whereas partisans who were formerly members of the Italian Armed Forces (more than half those killed) were considered as members of their armed force of origin.
2825:
on 5 April 1945. It persists due to the activity of its antifascist members. ANPI's objectives are the maintenance of the historical role of the partisan war by means of research and the collection of personal stories. Its goals are a continued defence against
1937:
attacked the hill occupied by elements of the German 290th Grenadier Regiment. The Germans were caught completely by surprise. The attackers captured the hill and held it for five days against reinforced German units, securing a path for the Allied advance.
654:, France, by expatriate Italians, the CAI was an alliance of non-communist anti-fascist forces (republican, socialist, nationalist) trying to promote and to coordinate expatriate actions to fight fascism in Italy; they published a propaganda paper entitled
2418:
on 26–27 April, when General Günther Meinhold surrendered to the CLN. The forces of German occupation in Italy officially capitulated on 2 May. Fascists attempted to continue fighting, but were quickly suppressed by the partisans and the Allied forces.
2834:, in which the ideals of the Italian resistance were collected. Since 2008, every two years ANPI organizes its national festival. During the event, meetings, debates, and musical concerts that focus on antifascism, peace, and democracy are organized.
1048:
were scuttled because of the damage they had suffered. The German attack was repelled; by the dawn of 11 September, 120 Germans had been killed and about 200–300 captured, 120 of them wounded. Italian casualties had been 4 killed (two sailors, one
5819:
1907:
The resistance fighters themselves relied heavily on the local populace for support and supplies. They would often barter or just ask for food, blankets and medicine. When the partisans took supplies from families, they would often hand out
1951:
were established to hide weapons and wounded fighters. Only sympathizers were involved, because compulsion was thought to encourage betrayal. People largely supported the resistance because of economic hardships, especially inflation.
1924:
The German punishments backfired and instead strengthened the relationship. Because most resistance fighters were peasants, local populations felt a need to provide for their own. One of the larger engagements was the battle for
2132:
6706:
5390:"Nell'anniversario della battaglia di Piombino, uno storico racconta perché la città merita l'onorificenza La medaglia d'oro, dopo 55 anni "Il massimo riconoscimento va concesso per ristabilire la verità" – Il Tirreno"
2755:
2116:
2024:
was among the first to criticize the use of the term "assistance" in the group's name. In 1944, the organization's objectives were reformulated to prioritize activities that broadly promoted women's emancipation.
2386:, the occupying Nazi German forces and their few remaining Italian Fascist allies were openly attacked by Italian partisans on 19 April, and by 21 April, the city of Bologna was liberated by the partisans, the
2561:
Interior, some 9,000 people were killed there during April and May 1945 only. Proportionally, the scale of vengeance killings was much greater than in Belgium and significantly above that recorded in France.
2336:
clergy, faithful/sympathetic police officers and even some German soldiers. DELASEM operated in Rome until the liberation under the leadership of the Jewish delegates Septimius Sorani, Giuseppe Levi, and the
2872:
song originally aligned itself with Italian partisans fighting against Nazi German occupation troops, but has since become to merely stand for the inherent rights of all people to be liberated from tyranny.
707:, were among the movement's leaders. The movement's members held various political beliefs but shared a belief in active, effective opposition to fascism, compared to the older Italian anti-fascist parties.
1110:
In the days following 8 September 1943 most servicemen, left without orders from higher echelons (due to Wehrmacht units ceasing Italian radio communications), were disarmed and shipped to POW camps in the
2214:, armed confrontation between compatriots was more intense in Italy, making the Italian case unique. In 1965, the definition of "civil war" was used for the first time by fascist politician and historian
1916:
at the time) described fighters using donkeys to move equipment at night while during the day the peasants used them in the fields. The Nazis tried to split the populace from the resistance by adopting a
2578:
32,000 Italian partisans had been killed abroad (in the Balkans and, to a lesser extent, in France). 9,980 Italian civilians had been killed in reprisals by the German and Fascist forces. In 2010, the
2734:
liberty and independence, was a great civil engine of ideals, but above all, it was a people in arms, a courageous mobilization of young and very young citizens who rebelled against foreign power."
2164:
1375:, and were led by junior Army officers who had decided to resist the German occupation; they were subsequently joined and re-organized by Anti-Fascists, and became thus increasingly politicized.
2307:
1921:
policy of killing 10 Italians for every German killed by the Partisans. Those executed would come from the village near where an attack took place and sometimes from captive partisan fighters.
392:
existed even before World War II, but open and armed resistance followed the German invasion of Italy on 8 September 1943: in Nazi-occupied Italy, the Italian Resistance fighters, known as the
1178:
chose to defend themselves from a German invasion during ongoing negotiations. After a ten-day battle, the Germans executed 5,155 officers and enlisted men in retaliation. Those killed in the
2427:, under directives from Moscow, enabled the Allies to carry out their program of disarming the partisans and discouraged any revolutionary attempt at changing the social system. Instead, the
650:), officially known as Concentrazione d'Azione Antifascista (Anti-Fascist Action Concentration), was an Italian coalition of Anti-Fascist groups which existed from 1927 to 1934. Founded in
6224:
Franca Pieroni Bortolotti, Le donne della Resistenza antifascista e la questione femminile in Emilia (1943–45), in Donne e Resistenza in Emilia-Romagna, vol. 2, Milan, evangelist, p. 77
1289:
After disarmament by the Germans, the Italian soldiers and officers were confronted with the choice to continue fighting as allies of the German army (either in the armed forces of the
2533:, near the Swiss border. Lazzaro recognized and arrested Mussolini. The task of executing Mussolini was, according to the official version, given to a 'Colonel Valerio' (identified as
1742:
Like their counterparts elsewhere in Europe, Italian partisans seized whatever arms they could find. The first weapons were brought by ex-soldiers fighting German occupiers from the
1521:(Rome's largest single anti-fascist force under Occupation), which sought a revolutionary outcome to the conflict and were thus unwilling to collaborate with 'bourgeois parties'.
2082:
and systematic reprisals against the civilian population. Resistance captives and suspects were often tortured and raped. Some of the most notorious mass atrocities included the
11892:
6710:
2905:
2557:) were displayed in the square; this place was significant because the bodies of 15 executed enemies of Mussolini's regime had been displayed in this square the previous year.
1900:
The worst conditions and fighting took place in mountainous regions. Resources were scarce and living conditions were terrible. Due to limited supplies, the resistance adopted
6653:
1593:(Trentino and South Tyrol) zones. Its losses amounted to 16,000 killed, wounded or captured between September 1943 and May 1944. On 15 June 1944, the General Staff of the
5740:
10410:
6845:
10155:
2110:(20 partisans murdered after being tortured, as a reprisal). In all, an estimated 15,000 Italian civilians were deliberately killed, including many women and children.
9756:
12451:
11761:
9772:
6893:
1363:
Elsewhere, the nascent movement began as independently operating groups were organized and led by previously outlawed political parties or by former officers of the
969:
A battle broke out at 21:15 on 10 September, between the German landing forces (who aimed to occupy the town centre) and the Italian coastal batteries, tanks of the
541:
6461:
885:, which left the generals in charge of the city without a coordinated defence plan; also the absence of the Italian Centauro II Division, composed primarily of ex-
4213:
10099:
5591:
9695:
9667:
8811:
6196:
Gabriella Bonansea, Donne nella resistenza, in Enzo Collotti, Renato Sandri, Fediano Sessi (edited by), Dizionario della Resistenza, Turin, Einaudi, 2000, p. 272
4630:
1666:
Partisan unit sizes varied, depending on logistics (such as the ability to arm, clothe and feed members) and the amount of local support. The basic unit was the
12026:
11740:
10419:
10106:
9233:
2463:) ensued against pro-German collaborators, thousands of whom were rounded up by the vengeful partisans. Controversially, many of those detainees were speedily
585:(PCd'I) ordered its members to quit the organization. The PCd'I organized some militant groups, but their actions were relatively minor. The Italian anarchist
6018:
10722:
10085:
9387:
9012:
1912:
that the peasants could convert after the war for money. The partisans slept in abandoned farms and farmhouses. One account from Paolino 'Andrea' Ranieri (a
9728:
9674:
8860:
5389:
5257:
6867:
1805:
Automatic weapons became more common as they were captured in combat and as the Social Republic regime soldiers began defecting, bringing their own guns.
12817:
12445:
12051:
11948:
11885:
10192:
9681:
9297:
2690:
1430:
6630:
2262:
army, in Italy for guard/patrol duty in 1944), Russians, Ukrainians, Dutch, Spaniards, Greeks, Poles, German defectors and deserters disillusioned with
12205:
8707:
6388:
2071:
1200:
Other Italian forces remained trapped in Yugoslavia following the armistice and some decided to fight alongside the local resistance. Elements of the
568:
on 3 August 1921, and trade unions adopted a legalist and pacified strategy, members of the workers' movement who disagreed with this strategy formed
12739:
12688:
12179:
12001:
11996:
10078:
9518:
9394:
2694:
2633:, also known as the Anniversary of the Resistance. It is a national holiday that commemorates the victory of the Italian resistance movement against
856:
component. The defenders were hampered by a number of facts: Allied support was cancelled at the last minute since the Fallschirmjäger took the U.S.
1992:
The groups were formed collaboratively by women from diverse political backgrounds. Prominent participants included communists Giovanna Barcellona,
1115:(often by smaller German outfits). However, some garrisons stationed in occupied Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia and Italy fought the Germans. Admirals
12745:
12081:
9371:
8751:
1853:. Other supplies included explosives, clothing, boots, food rations, and money (used to buy weapons or to compensate civilians for confiscations).
12601:
12412:
9808:
9120:
7617:
4208:
3239:
2051:
During the summer and early fall of 1944, with Allied forces nearby, partisans attacked behind German lines, led by CLNAI. This rebellion led to
2059:
was the most important of these, receiving recognition from Switzerland and Allied consulates there. An intelligence officer told Field Marshal
12793:
12610:
12400:
11878:
9627:
8929:
6252:
5944:
5915:
5008:
4981:
4777:
2148:
389:
11633:
5283:
4590:
10426:
10389:
10366:
9880:
8802:
8772:
7649:
6591:
6384:
6053:
3263:
2766:
893:
10141:
1348:
In the first major act of resistance following the German occupation, Italian partisans and local resistance fighters liberated the city of
13049:
12009:
10519:
10375:
10359:
10331:
9572:
8779:
8280:
7632:
4578:
4506:
3779:
3251:
970:
3084:
12146:
12056:
11960:
11276:
10343:
10255:
10199:
10162:
9437:
599:
1933:
that was a part of the Gothic Line. On September 26, 1944, a joint force of 250 Partisans and three companies of U.S. soldiers from the
1458:(Clandestine Military Front) headed by Colonel Montezemolo. Another sizeable partisan group, particularly strong in Piedmont (where the
13275:
13024:
12076:
10248:
8973:
8244:
7174:
3784:
3469:
3412:
1553:
estimated the partisan strength at around 70,000–80,000 by May 1944. Some 41% in the Garibaldi Brigades and 29% were Actionists of the
1220:. When the unit finally returned to Italy at the end of the war, half its members had been killed or were listed as missing in action.
2475:, who briefly served as Prime Minister after the war in 1945, said thousands were killed. Some partisans, such as perpetrators of the
953:
Karl-Wolf Albrand, tried to enter the harbour of Piombino but was denied access by the port authorities. General and Fascist official
581:(CGL) and the PSI refused to officially recognize the anti-fascist militia and maintained a non-violent, legalist strategy, while the
12091:
11754:
10382:
8765:
8723:
8378:
5428:
1578:
219:
5663:
1261:
11603:
9415:
9189:
8952:
8818:
8629:
8285:
1817:
factory which was producing them for the Wehrmacht. Additional weapons (chiefly of British origin) were airdropped by the Allies:
841:(in addition to Carabinieri, infantry and coastal artillery regiments) were deployed around the city and along surrounding roads.
501:. Furthermore, in the memory of the partisan fighters, especially those of communist and socialist inspiration, the memory of the
12096:
11981:
10498:
10295:
9947:
9325:
8825:
8737:
8673:
7850:
6664:
4145:
578:
6797:
2529:'Partisan Bill'), a partisan with the 52nd Garibaldi Brigade, was checking a column of lorries carrying retreating SS troops at
12104:
10701:
10213:
9056:
8594:
7062:
5744:
4270:
1934:
1719:(GAP; "Patriotic Action Groups") commanded by the Resistance's youngest officer, Giuseppe "Beppe" Ruffino, carried out acts of
429:
The Resistance was a diverse coalition of various Italian political parties, independent resistance fighters and soldiers, and
13128:
12985:
12681:
12172:
11297:
11202:
10729:
10475:
10350:
9429:
9403:
9260:
8966:
8883:
8528:
7691:
6961:
6690:
6575:
6426:
5853:
5796:
5181:
5154:
5120:
2039:
1466:) partisans, largely composed of former soldiers with no substantial alignment to any anti-Fascist party; an example was the
1171:
910:
636:, which will give rise to ever greater control and severe persecution of opponents, at risk of imprisonment and confinement.
13265:
13193:
11530:
10937:
10823:
9988:
9448:
9444:
9422:
9026:
8325:
7600:
7408:
3069:
643:
1316:
11445:
10909:
10241:
10227:
9433:
7654:
7517:
6469:
5503:"FR L'Iphigénie of the French Navy - French Torpedo boat of the La Melpoméne class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net"
4679:
4175:
2710:
2259:
838:
2258:
camps or joined guerrilla bands as so-called "military missions". Among them were Yugoslavs, Czechs (deserters from the
1884:
13143:
13133:
12605:
12560:
11916:
11654:
11523:
11401:
10979:
10694:
10645:
10403:
9958:
9203:
9042:
8890:
8744:
8373:
7958:
7585:
7418:
7179:
5724:
5673:
5595:
4233:
4150:
3851:
3417:
3123:
2086:(335 Jewish civilians and political prisoners executed without a trial in a reprisal operation after a resistance bomb
1364:
5641:
5459:
2482:
During the waning hours of the war, Mussolini, accompanied by Marshal Graziani, headed to Milan to meet with Cardinal
1557:
Brigades. One of the strongest units, the 8th Garibaldi Brigade, had 8,050 men (450 without arms) and operated in the
1296:
The Nazis considered the Italians as traitors and not as prisoners of war. The former Italian soldiers were sent into
13102:
13097:
11770:
10652:
10624:
10441:
10023:
9735:
9702:
7605:
7580:
7423:
6982:
6937:
6618:
6276:
6149:
6094:
6002:
5358:
4735:
3796:
3127:
2471:
later put the number of the victims of such executions at 732, but other estimates were much higher. Partisan leader
2155:
2091:
1543:(RSI). Its territory (marked in green) was the theatre of the Italian resistance. In grey are the territories of the
1379:
1187:
1093:
1074:
852:
were initially repelled and endured losses, but slowly gained the upper hand, aided by their experience and superior
834:
8918:
5481:
845:
13270:
13212:
12674:
12648:
12165:
11807:
10965:
10902:
10037:
9866:
8989:
7977:
7258:
7144:
6022:
4595:
4499:
4277:
4250:
4193:
4170:
3816:
3382:
751:
17:
9543:
1956:
prices tripled and bread prices had quintupled since 1938; hunger unified the underground and general population.
13224:
13106:
11331:
11172:
11161:
10997:
10756:
10715:
10608:
10546:
9926:
9196:
9065:
9033:
8101:
8013:
7860:
7855:
7686:
7554:
7035:
4854:
4287:
4203:
3846:
3284:
1595:
1517:
565:
285:
9713:
9281:
5261:
13260:
13180:
12378:
11901:
11717:
11689:
11567:
11360:
10597:
10048:
9974:
9763:
9134:
8853:
8758:
8643:
8049:
7637:
7114:
6871:
5393:
4728:
4140:
3462:
3352:
3007:
2338:
1205:
1201:
1179:
1104:
958:
830:
826:
449:
at the end of the war based on a compromissory synthesis of their Resistance parties' respective principles of
332:
13171:
13152:
13123:
13054:
12596:
12540:
12071:
11777:
11710:
11661:
11592:
11417:
10923:
10874:
10638:
10631:
10234:
9995:
9779:
8832:
8300:
8131:
8018:
7549:
7544:
6372:
4658:
4644:
3257:
3199:
3194:
3178:
2778:
2662:
2287:
1763:
889:
and not trusted, with its German-made tanks, contributed to the defeat of the Italian forces by the Germans.
442:
438:
71:
6394:
2601:
12757:
12727:
12628:
12615:
12109:
11851:
11747:
11122:
11083:
10002:
9830:
9815:
9742:
9721:
9539:
9217:
9003:
8996:
8980:
8691:
8650:
8622:
8059:
7998:
7983:
7835:
7696:
7149:
6896:[Not only Tsipras: "Bella ciao" sung in all languages of the world Watch the video – Corriere TV].
6526:
5327:
4651:
4135:
4118:
4058:
3387:
3320:
2271:
2267:
1834:
1715:
1213:
874:
161:
6767:
1635:
13175:
13069:
12632:
12315:
12036:
11814:
11138:
11090:
10708:
10680:
10533:
10127:
9641:
9304:
9210:
8700:
8403:
8121:
7967:
7749:
7559:
7445:
7413:
7098:
4975:"Working Class Defence Organization, Anti-Fascist Resistance and the Arditi Del Popolo in Turin, 1919–22"
4896:
4686:
4585:
4492:
4265:
4260:
4165:
4103:
4093:
4074:
3811:
3486:
3433:
2706:
2387:
2346:
2094:(about 560 random villagers brutally killed in an anti-partisan operation in the central mountains), the
1402:
822:
747:
743:
6846:"Bella ciao, significato e testo: perché la canzone della Resistenza non appartiene (solo) ai comunisti"
1413:. The CLN was set up by partisans behind German lines and had the support of most groups in the region.
711:
also made the international community aware of the realities of fascism in Italy, thanks to the work of
12021:
11931:
11612:
11108:
11027:
10972:
10860:
10816:
10466:
10092:
10016:
9911:
9788:
9660:
9653:
9613:
9586:
9318:
9251:
8846:
8657:
8587:
8458:
8086:
7906:
7813:
7786:
7721:
7595:
7129:
7055:
6819:
6293:
5788:
5017:
5006:
Working Class Defence Organization, Anti-Fascist Resistance and the Arditi Del Popolo in Turin, 1919–22
4240:
3731:
3367:
3326:
2785:
forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the Italian resistance and the
2483:
2034:
1454:
1256:
1209:
814:
493:, which progressively developed in the period from the mid-1920s, when weak forms of opposition to the
441:
was mostly composed of representatives of the parties that had given life to the Italian Resistance's
6142:
Marina Addis Saba, Partigiane. Tutte le donne della resistenza, Milan, Mursia Editore, 1998, pp. 40–50
5766:
365:
regime, the Italian Social Republic, which the Germans created following the Nazi German invasion and
13166:
13161:
12980:
12525:
11514:
11431:
11216:
11076:
11048:
10881:
10786:
10576:
10009:
9076:
8730:
8488:
8254:
8177:
8141:
7159:
7124:
7119:
4623:
4609:
4520:
4160:
3916:
3455:
3397:
3362:
3357:
2885:
2448:
1965:
1530:
1193:
visited Cefalonia, giving a speech underlining how "their conscious choice was the first act of the
937:
One of the most important episodes of resistance by Italian Armed Forces after the armistice was the
593:, organized several bombings against the Italian fascist community. The Italian liberal anti-fascist
494:
430:
12570:
9274:
5005:
4974:
3896:
2830:
and the ideal and ethical support of the high values of freedom and democracy expressed in the 1948
2410:
were liberated on 25 April through a popular revolt and Italian Resistance insurrection following a
2066:
In their attempts to suppress the resistance, German and Italian Fascist forces (especially the SS,
734:'s dictatorship against Mussolini's regime; hence their motto: "Today in Spain, tomorrow in Italy".
13238:
13156:
13114:
12623:
11965:
11253:
11230:
10482:
10283:
10276:
9933:
9593:
9565:
9558:
8945:
8503:
8493:
8473:
8443:
8398:
8096:
7938:
7870:
7840:
7820:
7701:
7377:
7342:
7139:
6894:"Non solo Tsipras: "Bella ciao" cantata in tutte le lingue del mondo Guarda il video – Corriere TV"
4882:
4123:
3806:
3377:
3112:
2970:
2546:
2207:
901:
582:
224:
60:
9290:
9267:
6063:
2855:
modified and adopted as an anthem of the Italian resistance movement by the partisans who opposed
2729:
in memory of the fallen and missing Italians in wars. Speaking at the 2014 anniversary, President
2537:) and the bodies of Mussolini and Petacci were later brought to Milan and hung upside down in the
786:
Commemorative plaque for those killed in the battle of Porta San Paolo in Rome (10 September 1943)
408:('national liberation war') against the invading German forces; in this context, the anti-fascist
13138:
13119:
13019:
12697:
12515:
12188:
11675:
11619:
11489:
11349:
11034:
10687:
10583:
10489:
10057:
9918:
9888:
9852:
9837:
9709:
9601:
9579:
9525:
9511:
9493:
9157:
8938:
8666:
8615:
8383:
8146:
8003:
7973:
7948:
7865:
7825:
7764:
7663:
7428:
7398:
4322:
4228:
4113:
4108:
3651:
3270:
3142:
3059:
2868:
2806:
2638:
2487:
2428:
2424:
2295:
2185:
1838:
1599:
estimated that the partisan forces amounted to some 82,000 men, of whom about 25,000 operated in
1574:
1540:
1500:. Tensions between the Catholics and the Communists in the movement led to the foundation of the
1387:
1383:
1305:
1290:
1265:
Prison camp for Italian military after the armistice of 8 September 1943, German propaganda photo
1124:
918:
696:
603:, which was published in 1925. Other notable Italian liberal anti-fascists around that time were
557:
423:
340:
274:
5305:
13110:
11367:
11260:
11062:
11013:
10916:
10809:
10779:
10562:
10450:
10176:
9967:
9551:
9532:
9502:
9049:
9019:
8081:
8069:
7845:
7830:
7522:
7164:
6609:
4910:
4798:
4756:
4714:
3402:
2827:
2630:
2596:
2052:
1981:
Women played a large role. After the war, about 35,000 Italian women were recognised as female
1826:
1410:
1244:
1159:
took the islands through air and sea landings by infantry and Fallschirmjäger supported by the
954:
857:
818:
791:
723:
260:
6559:
6404:
6266:
5617:
5549:
5144:
5054:
2501:
2013:
1424:
673:
666:
515:
himself) a true "civil war" in defence of the popular classes against the reactionary forces.
12619:
12061:
11858:
11581:
11424:
11320:
11290:
11246:
10986:
10951:
10944:
10867:
10765:
10206:
10183:
10030:
9634:
9171:
8911:
8897:
8580:
8388:
8315:
8295:
8209:
8158:
7916:
7896:
7706:
7300:
7268:
7154:
7134:
7048:
5992:
5110:
4819:
4784:
4742:
4282:
4155:
3831:
3392:
3372:
3294:
2931:
2831:
2822:
2402:
were later freed on 24 April by the Italian Resistance and then the advancing Allied forces.
718:
Some historians have also underlined how the Resistance movement may have had links with the
446:
11870:
9469:
5689:
5171:
3791:
2298:
recorded his experiences of fighting with the partisans in his book "Where bleed the many".
511:
in the period 1919–1922, considered by some exponents of the left-wing parties (among which
292:; involvement of Italian army and partisan units in Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania, and France.
13044:
13029:
12939:
12927:
12909:
12885:
12733:
12715:
12565:
12128:
11926:
11682:
11537:
11188:
11145:
11115:
11041:
10851:
10830:
9749:
9226:
8904:
8239:
8054:
7943:
7921:
7575:
7473:
7357:
7225:
4749:
4672:
4665:
4420:
4347:
3931:
3826:
3571:
3210:
3001:
2925:
2774:
1448:
1190:
1144:
1077:
906:
795:
586:
561:
6169:
2370:
1866:
1367:. Many partisan formations were initially founded by soldiers from disbanded units of the
961:
ordered the port authorities to allow the German flotilla to enter, against the advice of
465:
8:
13218:
12996:
12957:
12654:
12529:
12423:
12406:
11986:
11800:
11574:
11452:
11408:
10930:
10064:
9823:
9350:
9180:
9164:
9113:
8523:
8513:
8468:
8234:
8199:
8194:
7911:
7532:
7468:
7388:
7015:
ANCFARGL – Associazione Nazionale Combattenti Forze Armate Regolari Guerra di Liberazione
6732:
McGaw Smyth, Howard (September 1948). "Italy: From Fascism to the Republic (1943–1946)".
6595:
4903:
4889:
4840:
4791:
4637:
4616:
4415:
4352:
3901:
3886:
3868:
3856:
3626:
3591:
3172:
3160:
3137:
3039:
2798:
2786:
2718:
2650:
2550:
2095:
1913:
1459:
1439:
1406:
1391:
1357:
1352:
1333:
1140:
684:
399:
366:
229:
214:
6998:
2414:
that commenced two days earlier; over 14,000 German and Fascist troops were captured in
1535:
1340:
13148:
13009:
12787:
12775:
12355:
12349:
12123:
12118:
11991:
11936:
11793:
11626:
11551:
11505:
11475:
11383:
11223:
10888:
10772:
10666:
10617:
10555:
10311:
10262:
10071:
9688:
9343:
9141:
8498:
8483:
8463:
8320:
8261:
8214:
8136:
7993:
7963:
7953:
7928:
7901:
7808:
7801:
7737:
7493:
7488:
7205:
6749:
6567:
6419:
Il Bracciale di Sterline – Cento bastardi senza gloria. Una storia di guerra e passioni
6246:
5938:
5909:
4875:
4812:
4573:
4457:
4440:
4395:
4053:
4048:
3736:
3646:
3536:
3133:
3073:
2852:
2730:
2702:
2542:
2107:
2087:
2083:
1846:
1694:
1566:
1478:
1477:
Relations among the groups varied. For example, in 1945, the Garibaldi partisans under
1368:
1283:
1217:
1096:
1050:
914:
704:
3506:
1482:
1405:
and other minor parties, largely took control of the movement in accordance with King
982:
978:
950:
12951:
12897:
12394:
12388:
12331:
12263:
12251:
12239:
12133:
12031:
11921:
11784:
11668:
11558:
11498:
11459:
11392:
11374:
11340:
11283:
11237:
11181:
11006:
10744:
10736:
10673:
10526:
10120:
9645:
9106:
9085:
8795:
8448:
8438:
8310:
8224:
8189:
8116:
8106:
7884:
7754:
7668:
7498:
7478:
7452:
7440:
7235:
7230:
7215:
7210:
7195:
6978:
6957:
6933:
6686:
6614:
6571:
6444:
6422:
6272:
6210:
Patrizia Gabrielli, Il 1946, le donne, la Repubblica, Rome, Donzelli, 2009, pp. 45–46
6145:
6090:
5998:
5849:
5792:
5780:
5720:
5669:
5354:
5177:
5150:
5116:
4833:
4700:
4693:
4549:
4543:
4445:
4198:
4026:
3906:
3711:
3686:
3631:
3576:
3566:
3278:
3088:
2920:
2654:
2566:
2231:
2189:
2079:
2060:
1901:
1842:
1736:
1724:
1710:
1497:
1435:
1418:
1398:
1279:
1232:
867:
864:
727:
719:
712:
625:
618:
570:
512:
471:
415:
234:
209:
104:
94:
6344:
5031:
2375:
2374:
Monument to the fallen at the burial place of partisans killed on 26 April 1945, at
2215:
1693:
While the largest contingents operated in mountainous districts of the Alps and the
766:
13074:
13039:
12847:
12829:
12751:
12433:
12343:
12298:
12275:
12269:
12086:
12066:
12041:
12014:
11703:
11696:
11640:
11304:
11069:
11055:
10958:
10895:
10846:
10659:
10512:
10459:
10269:
10220:
10134:
9357:
9334:
8867:
8518:
8340:
8290:
8271:
8266:
8219:
8126:
8064:
8044:
8032:
7988:
7791:
7771:
7759:
7622:
7503:
7220:
7083:
7075:
6741:
6355:
4826:
4770:
4763:
4707:
4482:
4451:
4435:
4430:
4255:
4011:
4001:
3958:
3948:
3863:
3706:
3696:
3681:
3671:
3656:
3616:
3606:
3601:
3531:
2894:
2847:
2801:") is an association founded by participants of the Italian resistance against the
2510:
2506:
2495:
2456:
2319:
2291:
1909:
1806:
1787:
1550:
1544:
1054:
731:
633:
545:
344:
315:
303:
256:
239:
154:
49:
8876:
7590:
6327:
5502:
2613:
2582:
of the Italian Ministry of Defence recorded 15,197 partisans killed; however, the
2242:
1428:(Justice and Freedom) Brigades related to the Partito d'Azione, and the socialist
628:(1924) and the decisive assumption of responsibility by Mussolini, the process of
13003:
12990:
12933:
12879:
12861:
12823:
12799:
12545:
12367:
12361:
12304:
12227:
11953:
11726:
11438:
11353:
11311:
11209:
11152:
11020:
10802:
10793:
10322:
9897:
9873:
9127:
8428:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8305:
8229:
8091:
7610:
7508:
7393:
7293:
7200:
6972:
5523:
5012:
4868:
4805:
4562:
4425:
4130:
4031:
3978:
3841:
3821:
3769:
3751:
3701:
3561:
3551:
3314:
3117:
2686:
2666:
2661:. The date was chosen by convention, as it was the day of the year 1945 when the
2618:
2554:
2538:
2530:
2514:
2472:
2464:
2391:
2382:
On 19 April 1945, the CLN called for an insurrection (the April 25 uprising). In
2342:
2332:, a network extending throughout occupied Italy that included Jews and Gentiles,
2311:
2283:
1926:
1822:
1486:
1372:
1275:
1236:
1132:
1120:
946:
897:
878:
870:
had crossed enemy lines and gone to Rome to personally supervise the operation);
849:
802:
771:
692:
629:
594:
529:
419:
114:
11838:
7023:
INSMLI – Istituto Nazionale per la Storia del Movimento di Liberazione in Italia
1809:
began appearing in larger numbers in October 1943, when they were spirited away
1416:
The main CLN formations included three politically varied groups: the communist
1336:(27–30 September 1943) during the liberation of the city from German occupation.
938:
13034:
12873:
12851:
12811:
12805:
12781:
12763:
12721:
12245:
12233:
12215:
11733:
11269:
11195:
9240:
9099:
8561:
8508:
8478:
8423:
8330:
8204:
8151:
8111:
7781:
7776:
7627:
7527:
7483:
7435:
7383:
7337:
7305:
7263:
7240:
6947:
6490:
6354:("Italy of civil war"), published in 1983 by the Italian writer and journalist
5741:"The Forgotten Italian Military Internees of WWII | the Stillman Exchange"
5328:"8 settembre 1943: l'armistizio che divise l'Italia e portò alla guerra civile"
4568:
4410:
4400:
4357:
4342:
4304:
4245:
4038:
4021:
4016:
3921:
3726:
3716:
3676:
3641:
3581:
3556:
3546:
3541:
3521:
3245:
3049:
3029:
2964:
2818:
2678:
2534:
2476:
2444:
2411:
2333:
2279:
2219:
2075:
1743:
1616:
1471:
1301:
1183:
1116:
871:
810:
700:
688:
608:
549:
522:
2306:
1239:, and one of the first acts of resistance by the Italian armed forces against
661:
13254:
12945:
12915:
12769:
12575:
12337:
11544:
9462:
9311:
9150:
8433:
8074:
7644:
7332:
7310:
7169:
5592:"-La Nazione – Piombino – Taglio del nastro per la banchina "Giorgio Perini""
4537:
4298:
4218:
3911:
3774:
3746:
3741:
3691:
3666:
3586:
3526:
3407:
2958:
2937:
2726:
2674:
2665:
of Upper Italy (CLNAI) – whose command was based in Milan and was chaired by
2399:
1974:
1775:
1755:
1751:
1732:
1395:
1297:
1233:
a naval battle between Italian torpedo boats and an attacking German flotilla
1152:
1128:
929:
604:
590:
537:
503:
199:
89:
12473:
5570:
4372:
2486:. Mussolini was hoping to negotiate a deal but was given only the option of
1151:
troops under the command of Generals Francis Gerrard Russell Brittorous and
13231:
13185:
12903:
12867:
12855:
12841:
12520:
11843:
11647:
9940:
9845:
9476:
8839:
8603:
8551:
8358:
8163:
7933:
7537:
7403:
7352:
7327:
6376:
4526:
4327:
4292:
4006:
3968:
3661:
3636:
3621:
3445:
3166:
2995:
2951:
2864:
2810:
2782:
2658:
2642:
2634:
2491:
2468:
2325:
2211:
1997:
1791:
1608:
1584:
1240:
1148:
681:
498:
490:
454:
362:
352:
336:
289:
270:
174:
109:
99:
12666:
12157:
6917:
Partiti e ideologie del movimento antifascista in: Storia d'Italia, vol. 8
2362:
2234:" being used more frequently by Italian and international historiography.
1507:
A further challenge to the 'national unity' embodied in the CLN came from
13080:
12963:
12921:
12891:
12580:
12439:
12325:
12292:
12257:
11482:
11468:
11130:
9799:
9620:
9605:
8959:
8453:
8393:
8363:
7716:
7347:
6952:
4721:
4337:
4223:
3963:
3953:
3721:
3611:
3596:
3307:
3220:
2975:
2682:
2670:
2275:
2266:
and Britons and Americans (ex-prisoners or advisors deployed by the SAS,
2199:
2021:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1795:
1759:
1706:
1112:
886:
799:
782:
553:
179:
7014:
6054:"H-Net Review: Andrea Peto on Women and the Italian Resistance, 1943–45"
6019:"This Day in History – 9/6/1944 – Italian resistance fighters persevere"
5055:"Il Popolo del 1925 col manifesto antifascista: ritrovata l'unica copia"
4546:, an Italian left-wing antifascist militia active during the early 1920s
2440:
2366:
Italian partisans in Milan during the liberation of the city, April 1945
12835:
10837:
10590:
10569:
9455:
8788:
8716:
7711:
7320:
5931:
Die Juden und der Widerstand gegen den Faschismus in Italien: 1943–1945
5813:"Senato.it – Resoconto sommario della seduta del 7 marzo 1946, pag.336"
5112:
Fascism, Anti-fascism, and the Resistance in Italy: 1919 to the Present
4556:
4405:
4098:
4068:
4063:
3973:
3891:
3836:
3300:
2838:
2761:
2646:
1993:
1948:
1850:
1443:
1216:
were assembled in the Italian Garibaldi Partisan Division, part of the
1136:
1088:
556:
and against the rise of the fascist leader Benito Mussolini. After the
508:
244:
204:
169:
6753:
4367:
2254:
Not all resistance members were Italians; many foreigners had escaped
2138:
German soldier examining the papers of an Italian civilian outside of
1511:
as well as dissident-communist Resistance formations, such as Turin's
973:, and civilian population. Italian tanks sank the German torpedo boat
12497:
12489:
12481:
11100:
10505:
10302:
10113:
9904:
9859:
4377:
4362:
4332:
3983:
3941:
3494:
2987:
2981:
2781:, which was formed by the representatives of all the anti-nazist and
1771:
1570:
1508:
1175:
1160:
1156:
1100:
1001:
997:
962:
860:
794:
of 3 September 1943 partially began with Italian regular forces: the
450:
380:
372:
194:
189:
184:
9380:
7030:
7022:
5351:
Da Porta San Paolo a Salò. Gioacchino Solinas comandante antitedesco
4861:
2467:, condemned and shot, or killed without trial. Minister of Interior
614:
65:
12555:
9364:
9092:
8368:
8353:
8348:
8249:
7283:
7278:
6745:
6043:“World War II: the Encyclopedia of the War Years, 1941–1945” p. 360
4043:
3926:
3183:
2606:
2541:
square. Eighteen executed prominent Fascists (including Mussolini,
1918:
1830:
1767:
1720:
1702:
1698:
1686:(divisional group). These divisional groups were responsible for a
1653:
1642:
1624:
1600:
1321:
1286:
on a par with the armed confrontation of other Italian servicemen.
882:
518:
1328:
1270:
oath of fidelity to the King. Their former allies designated them
892:
By 10 September, the Germans had penetrated downtown Rome and the
651:
437:
was declared to be founded on the struggle of the Resistance: the
414:
of the Italian Resistance also simultaneously participated in the
13064:
13014:
12550:
11943:
7315:
7040:
4565:, formed by expatriate Italian anti-Fascists in the United States
4462:
2860:
2383:
2329:
2247:
2224:
Una guerra civile. Saggio storico sulla moralità della Resistenza
2171:
2067:
1814:
1802:) were initially scarce, and usually reserved for squad leaders.
1747:
1612:
1604:
1558:
1332:
Italian partisans celebrating the liberation of Naples after the
1228:
942:
2318:(less likely to arouse suspicion). After the war, Field Marshal
1970:
913:(later executed by the Germans) joined the underground; General
9981:
8572:
8008:
6775:
4847:
3936:
2856:
2513:
and other executed fascists by Italian partisans on display at
2263:
2228:
A Civil War. Historical Essay On the Morality Of the Resistance
2203:
2195:
2103:
2099:
2056:
2044:
1930:
1620:
1493:
1349:
1224:
1164:
1053:
brigadier, and one civilian) and a dozen wounded; four Italian
917:(commander of the Granatieri) instead opted for the pro-German
853:
477:
75:
6462:"British prisoners of the Second World War and the Korean War"
4534:, an association of the participants to the Italian resistance
2322:
issued a certificate to those who thereby risked their lives.
2274:). Some later became well-known, such as climber and explorer
1833:. U.S.-made weapons were provided on a smaller scale from the
11900:
10169:
7288:
7071:
6058:
5717:
L'altra Resistenza. I militari italiani internati in Germania
3498:
2518:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2139:
1953:
1891:
1799:
1783:
1779:
1462:
had disintegrated in September 1943), were the "autonomous" (
434:
348:
329:
4559:", the anthem of the anti-nazist and anti-fascist resistance
4540:, an Italian communist antifascist militia active after WWII
2742:
2565:
phenomenon, which slowly faded away. Some have proposed the
1977:, a vice-commander in the Gruppi di Azione Patriottica (GAP)
1670:(squad), with three or more squads (usually five) forming a
1163:. Both Campioni and Mascherpa were captured and executed at
7796:
7273:
6116:
The Italian Resistance: Fascists, Guerrillas and the Allies
4531:
2814:
2802:
2793:
2746:
2722:
2622:
2123:
2098:(about 770 civilians killed in similar circumstances), the
1873:
1818:
1589:
1562:
1382:(Committee of National Liberation, or CLN), created by the
1139:
islands from their former allies. With reinforcements from
806:
775:
730:
with the hope of setting an example of armed resistance to
144:
5238:
2863:, and fought against the invading and occupying forces of
2102:
massacre (24 partisans murdered during their retreat from
1798:
were added to partisan kits. Submachine guns (such as the
687:, active from 1929 to 1945. The movement was cofounded by
485:
was a militant anti-fascist group founded in 1921 in Italy
6798:"Riscoprire I Valori Della Resistenza Nella Costituzione"
6707:"Italy celebrates Liberation Day – Politics – ANSAMed.it"
6654:"Seconda Guerra MondiaIe - I Caduti Del Fronte Orientale"
5090:
2255:
2055:
partisan governments throughout the mountainous regions.
737:
542:
Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism
6823:
6631:"Togliatti Guardasigilli, l'amnistia criticata del 1946"
6495:
Special Operations Europe: Scenes from the Anti-Nazi War
4942:
2867:, who were allied with the fascist and collaborationist
1701:
flatland. In the large towns of northern Italy, such as
1282:. Their actions were eventually recognized as an act of
1235:. It was one of the few successful Italian reactions to
790:
Armed resistance to the German occupation following the
770:
Italian soldiers preparing to clash with the Germans at
6308:
6239:
Forgotten Battles: Italy's War of Liberation, 1943–1945
5979:
La Marina dall'8 settembre 1943 alla fine del conflitto
5866:
Forgotten Battles: Italy's War of Liberation, 1943–1945
5837:
La Marina dall'8 settembre 1943 alla fine del conflitto
5221:
Carlo Rosselli: socialist heretic and antifascist exile
2629:
Since 1946, 25 April has been officially celebrated as
1682:(division). In some places, several divisions formed a
27:
Italian combatant organizations opposed to Nazi-Fascism
9234:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
7006:
5079:
James Martin, 'Piero Gobetti's Agonistic Liberalism',
2043:
Three Italian partisans executed by public hanging in
6350:, 1943–1945, 3 voll., Milano, FPE, 1965 and the book
5226:
905:
resist the disarmament of Italian soldiers. Generals
589:, who exiled himself to Argentina following the 1922
445:. These former Italian Resistance fighters wrote the
5848:
The Italian Army 1940–45 (3) Osprey Men-at-Arms 353
5642:"De Vecchi, Cesare Maria in "Dizionario Biografico""
5482:"Interventi del Presidente – La Camera dei Deputati"
5109:
Pugliese, Stanislao G.; Pugliese, Stanislao (2004).
4214:
Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) Red Line
7555:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
6271:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 2008. p. 303.
2617:The 68th anniversary of the liberation of Italy at
2605:The 64th anniversary of the liberation of Italy in
1739:, women were often important members and couriers.
669:, an anti-fascist movement active from 1929 to 1945
6443:
6294:"Hidden archive exposes WWII slaughters - CNN.com"
5146:Fascist Italy and the League of Nations, 1922–1935
2525:On the morning of 27 April 1945, Umberto Lazzaro (
2122:A woman executed by public hanging in a street of
1311:
1155:, the defenders held on for a month. However, the
7007:ANPI – Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia
5690:"Cefalonia. Ciampi: "Qui cominciò la Resistenza""
726:. Many Italian anti-fascists participated in the
722:, in particular with those who had served in the
13252:
5108:
2805:occupation and the fascist and collaborationist
6868:"ATENE – Comizio di chiusura di Alexis Tsipras"
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
2685:(present among others the designated president
1674:(detachment). Three or more detachments made a
792:armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces
355:and anti-nazist movement and organisation, the
5454:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5208:The Intellectual Resistance Movement in Europe
4601:
896:(aided by civilians) made their last stand at
805:. The period's best-known battle broke out in
388:General underground Italian opposition to the
74:and some members of the Italian resistance in
12682:
12173:
11886:
8588:
7056:
7036:Anarchist partisans in the Italian Resistance
5460:"8 settembre '43: la breve illusione di pace"
4500:
3463:
2767:Band of the Guard of the Serbian Armed Forces
2569:of 22 June 1946 as the end of the civil war.
1250:
409:
403:
393:
356:
323:
41:
6932:] (in Italian). Baldini & Castoldi.
6291:
6236:
5408:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5370:
4579:Anarchist brigades in the Italian Resistance
2765:(instrumental only version performed by the
1583:(the area northeast of the north end of the
1274:("Italian military internees") to deny them
996:, was scuttled at the harbour entrance as a
378:
370:
12696:
12602:Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)
12187:
6731:
6709:. Ansamed.info. 4 June 1944. Archived from
6505:
6503:
6129:Women and the Italian Resistance: 1943–1945
5443:
5429:"Piombino città di eroi – la Repubblica.it"
4964:, New York: Walker and Company, 1971, p. 26
4591:Japanese dissidence during the Showa period
4209:Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)
1762:revolvers, SRCM and OTO hand grenades, and
600:Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals
385:from 8 September 1943 until 25 April 1945.
136:Liberation of Italy from Nazism and Fascism
12689:
12675:
12611:Italian (Marxist–Leninist) Communist Party
12180:
12166:
11893:
11879:
8595:
8581:
7063:
7049:
6410:
6251:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6078:
5943:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5914:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5877:
5173:Renewing Italian Socialism: Nenni to Craxi
4778:La buona battaglia – Don Pietro Pappagallo
4507:
4493:
3470:
3456:
2794:Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia
2479:, were tried by an Allied Military Court.
2194:Although other European countries such as
2174:for two Italian partisans – killed in 1944
1731:(SAP; "Patriotic Action Squads") arranged
6923:
6760:
6391:at the University of Munchen (in German).
6314:
5367:
5176:. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–8.
624:After the murder of the socialist deputy
507:and of the violent struggles against the
339:and the fascist collaborationists of the
6524:
6509:
6500:
6362:("History of Italy") by the same author.
6268:Italy's Sorrow: A Year of War, 1944–1945
6110:
6108:
6106:
5142:
5115:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 10.
5052:
2797:(ANPI; "National Association of Italian
2752:
2741:
2612:
2600:
2500:
2439:
2369:
2361:
2305:
2241:
2038:
2012:; as well as women associated with the
1969:
1713:housed a key partisan headquarters. The
1534:
1339:
1327:
1324:during the Resistance, 12 September 1943
1315:
1260:
1087:
1028:), and heavily damaged the torpedo boat
949:, a small German flotilla, commanded by
928:
781:
765:
660:
613:
517:
497:already existed, until the beginning of
489:The Italian Resistance has its roots in
464:
6914:
6553:
6551:
6527:"Così fucilammo Mussolini e la Petacci"
6441:
6416:
6167:
6087:Quando inglesi arrivare noi tutti morti
5973:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5902:Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce
5899:
5779:
5244:
5096:
4552:, an Italian anarchist partisan brigade
4146:Italian General Confederation of Labour
2237:
2230:), published in 1991, led to the term "
1872:Resistance monument in Rubiana, in the
1705:, and the surrounding valleys near the
1697:, other large formations fought in the
1678:(brigade), of which two or more made a
933:View of the harbour of Piombino in 2012
579:Italian General Confederation of Labour
548:, anti-fascists, many of them from the
536:to describe its opponents. Mussolini's
14:
13253:
10449:
10427:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
7031:Il portale della guerra di Liberazione
6946:
6685:(in Italian). Il Mulino. p. 109.
6328:"Storia della guerra civile in Italia"
6163:
6161:
5928:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5880:Bandiera Rossa nella Resistenza romana
5785:The Extermination of the European Jews
5668:(in Italian). Mondadori. p. 261.
5544:
5542:
5540:
5232:
5202:
5200:
5053:Bruscino, Felicia (25 November 2017).
4948:
738:Resistance by the Italian Armed Forces
12986:Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
12670:
12161:
11874:
11298:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
10730:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
10376:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
10332:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
9430:Rape during the occupation of Germany
8576:
7044:
6970:
6680:
6400:
6383:of 14 July 2005 (in Italian) and the
6343:See the books from Italian historian
6103:
6084:
5990:
5714:
5661:
5348:
5169:
2846:
1561:area. The CLN mostly operated in the
1320:Italians shot by invading Germans in
1278:status and the rights granted by the
911:Giuseppe Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo
809:the day the armistice was announced.
361:opposed Nazi Germany and its Fascist
314:
10420:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
9445:Rape during the liberation of France
7601:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
6557:
6548:
6348:Storia della guerra civile in Italia
5964:
4523:, a list of Italian resistance units
2070:, and paramilitary militias such as
2000:, and Caterina Picolato; socialists
1985:(partisan combatants) and 20,000 as
1735:and propaganda campaigns. As in the
1524:
1353:through a chaotic popular rebellion.
1182:included division commander General
977:; Italian artillery also sank seven
644:Concentrazione Antifascista Italiana
6999:Italy | European Resistance Archive
6956:(in Italian). Bollati Boringhieri.
6651:
6230:
6158:
5922:
5886:
5537:
5210:. Harvard University Press. p. 224.
5197:
4680:The Dirty Dozen: The Deadly Mission
2817:in 1944 while the war continued in
2447:, the Italian partisan believed to
2435:
2260:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1959:
1438:Brigades). Smaller groups included
335:who fought the occupying forces of
24:
13144:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
13134:Maximalist Italian Socialist Party
12561:Italian Communist Youth Federation
10646:German invasion of the Netherlands
8919:Weather events during World War II
7070:
6598:" 15th November 1997. (in Italian)
5994:Resistenzialismo versus Resistenza
5284:"Oggi in Spagna, domani in Italia"
5258:"Oggi in Spagna, domani in Italia"
5223:. Harvard University Press. p. 51.
4987:from the original on 19 March 2022
2078:) committed war crimes, including
1197:, of an Italy free from fascism".
1103:on 25 April 2007 in memory of the
648:Italian Anti-Fascist Concentration
25:
13287:
13276:World War II resistance movements
13098:Italian Reformist Socialist Party
12425:Leader in the European Parliament
12317:Leader in the Chamber of Deputies
11277:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
6992:
6131:. Denver, CO: Arden, 1997. Print.
4736:From the Clouds to the Resistance
2777:is the result of the work of the
2590:
2250:) with Italian and Yugoslav names
1380:Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale
1218:Yugoslav People's Liberation Army
1188:President of the Italian Republic
1094:President of the Italian Republic
1075:President of the Italian Republic
13194:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
11837:
8602:
8557:
8556:
8545:
6525:Lampredi, Aldo (20 April 2008).
5959:Storia della Resistenza italiana
5021:, Vol. 33, No. 2, 183–218 (2003)
4596:Museum of the Liberation of Rome
4476:
4251:Movement of Unitarian Communists
4194:Armed Proletarians for Communism
4171:Unified Communist Party of Italy
3817:Portella della Ginestra massacre
3505:
3439:
2904:
2357:
2206:also had partisan movements and
2163:
2147:
2131:
2115:
2028:
1883:
1865:
1652:
1634:
1272:Italienische Militär-Internierte
1083:
752:Italian Co-belligerent Air Force
351:from 1943 to 1945. As a diverse
316:[reziˈstɛntsaitaˈljaːna]
128:8 September 1943 – 25 April 1945
64:
59:
13107:Fasci Italiani di Combattimento
8286:Orders, decorations, and medals
6908:
6886:
6860:
6848:(in Italian). 13 September 2022
6838:
6812:
6790:
6734:The Western Political Quarterly
6725:
6699:
6674:
6645:
6623:
6601:
6584:
6518:
6514:. Penguin Book. pp. 57–70.
6512:A History of Contemporary Italy
6484:
6454:
6435:
6365:
6337:
6320:
6285:
6259:
6216:
6202:
6188:
6134:
6121:
6046:
6037:
6011:
5984:
5951:
5871:
5868:; Lexington Books; 2001; p. 218
5858:
5842:
5829:
5805:
5773:
5759:
5733:
5708:
5682:
5655:
5634:
5610:
5584:
5563:
5516:
5495:
5474:
5342:
5320:
5298:
5276:
5250:
5213:
5163:
5136:
5102:
4962:Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945
4855:The Path to the Nest of Spiders
4204:Communist Party of Italy (2014)
3847:Assassination of Sergio Ramelli
2707:important officers of the State
2301:
1596:Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano
1312:Resistance by Italian partisans
945:. On 10 September 1943, during
405:guerra di liberazione nazionale
13181:Italian Socialist Party (2007)
13103:Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
12606:Italian Marxist–Leninist Party
11902:Resistance during World War II
11524:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
9227:Territorial changes of Germany
9135:Indonesian National Revolution
6977:. Cambridge University Press.
6974:Civil War in Europe, 1905–1949
5594:. 26 July 2012. Archived from
5219:Stanislao G. Pugliese (1999).
5073:
5046:
5034:. Anarchist_century.tripod.com
5024:
4999:
4967:
4954:
4925:
4151:Italian Marxist–Leninist Party
4141:Italian Communist Party (2016)
3008:Praetorian prefecture of Italy
2449:have executed Benito Mussolini
2156:Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre
2092:Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre
2008:; actionists Elena Dreher and
1941:
1856:
1774:machine guns. Later, captured
1180:massacre of the Acqui Division
1105:massacre of the Acqui Division
431:partisan brigades and militias
13:
1:
13153:Italian Democratic Socialists
13124:International Communist Party
13055:National Liberation Committee
12597:International Communist Party
12541:National Liberation Committee
10924:Japanese invasion of Thailand
10875:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
10639:German invasion of Luxembourg
9013:Mediterranean and Middle East
6450:. London: Elek Books Limited.
6358:as the fifteen volume of the
6118:. London: Pluto, 2009. Print.
6021:. History.com. Archived from
5878:Corvisieri, Silverio (1968).
5170:Scala, Spencer M. Di (1988).
5143:Tollardo, Elisabetta (2016).
4918:
3118:Byzantine reconquest of Italy
2851:; "Goodbye beautiful") is an
2663:National Liberation Committee
2572:
2352:
2288:Count Manfred Beckett Czernin
1729:Squadre di Azione Patriottica
909:(commander of Ariete II) and
552:, fought against the violent
460:
443:National Liberation Committee
72:National Liberation Committee
12629:Communist Refoundation Party
12616:Democratic Party of the Left
10831:Invasion of the Soviet Union
10520:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
9831:Independent State of Croatia
6352:L'Italia della guerra civile
4119:Communist Refoundation Party
4059:Proletarian internationalism
3179:Mid-16th c. to early 19th c.
2737:
2649:of the fascists, during the
2432:to maintain the status quo.
2179:
1929:(lit. "Battle Mountain"), a
1835:Office of Strategic Services
1716:Gruppi di Azione Patriottica
1518:Movimento Comunista d'Italia
1356:German forces, known as the
1344:A group of Italian partisans
540:was officially known as the
7:
13266:Italian resistance movement
13176:New Italian Socialist Party
13060:Italian resistance movement
12633:Party of Italian Communists
12536:Italian resistance movement
11815:End of World War II in Asia
11655:Western invasion of Germany
11162:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
11139:Second Battle of El Alamein
10709:Hundred Regiments Offensive
10681:Battle of the Mediterranean
10534:Italian invasion of Albania
8701:Air warfare of World War II
8326:Water supply and sanitation
7750:Italian geographical region
7618:Monarchy and the World Wars
7560:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
7446:War of the Sicilian Vespers
7099:Timeline of Italian history
5991:Capua, Giovanni Di (2005).
5206:James D. Wilkinson (1981).
5015:, Antonio Sonnessa, in the
4960:Charles F. Delzell, edit.,
4897:Ten Italians for One German
4602:In works of popular culture
4586:German resistance to Nazism
4266:Party of Italian Communists
4261:Party of the Christian Left
4104:Communist Alternative Party
3812:Third De Gasperi government
2875:
2809:during the latter phase of
2725:, with the deposition of a
2455:A score-settling campaign (
2388:Italian Co-Belligerent Army
2347:Righteous Among the Nations
1455:Fronte Militare Clandestino
1452:(Green Flame Brigades) and
1371:that had evaded capture in
1300:in war industries (35.6%),
924:
756:
748:Italian Co-belligerent Navy
744:Italian Co-belligerent Army
10:
13292:
13197:(social-democrats faction)
13189:(social-democrats faction)
11932:June Uprising in Lithuania
11741:Naval bombardment of Japan
11109:First Battle of El Alamein
11028:Battle of Christmas Island
10973:Japanese invasion of Burma
10737:Italian invasion of Greece
10653:German invasion of Belgium
10625:German invasion of Denmark
10598:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
10467:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
8724:Comparative military ranks
8245:Inventions and discoveries
7655:Fall of the Fascist regime
7638:Fourth War of Independence
7596:Expedition of the Thousand
7586:Second War of Independence
6971:Payne, Stanley G. (2011).
6919:(in Italian). De Agostini.
6594:with Ferruccio Parri, on "
6237:O'Reilly, Charles (2001).
5904:. Taylor Trade Publishing.
5789:Cambridge University Press
5715:Natta, Alessandro (1997).
5524:"Seekrieg 1943, September"
5018:European History Quarterly
4645:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
4166:Trotskyist League of Italy
2821:. It was constituted as a
2594:
2484:Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster
2183:
2035:Italian partisan republics
2032:
1963:
1528:
1468:1° Gruppo Divisioni Alpine
1422:(Garibaldi Brigades), the
1257:Italian military internees
1254:
1251:Italian military internees
1170:On 13 September 1943, the
1099:during his speech held in
957:in command of the Italian
839:"Lupi di Toscana" Division
741:
632:of the State began in the
544:. During the 1920s in the
390:Fascist Italian government
13205:
13167:Reformist Socialist Party
13090:
13050:Division over World War I
12973:
12706:
12641:
12589:
12526:XII International Brigade
12508:
12465:
12422:
12377:
12314:
12285:
12204:
12197:
11974:
11910:Anti-communist resistance
11909:
11830:
11662:Bratislava–Brno offensive
11602:
11593:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
11330:
11217:Allied invasion of Sicily
11171:
11077:Aleutian Islands campaign
11049:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
10996:
10987:Greek famine of 1941–1944
10882:Second Battle of Changsha
10787:German invasion of Greece
10755:
10632:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
10607:
10545:
10440:
10321:
10047:
9957:
9798:
9501:
9492:
9250:
9075:
8967:North and Central Pacific
8928:
8690:
8683:
8610:
8541:
8339:
8185:
8176:
8040:
8031:
8019:Security and intelligence
7892:
7883:
7745:
7736:
7679:
7606:Third War of Independence
7581:First War of Independence
7568:
7461:
7370:
7251:
7188:
7107:
7091:
7082:
6924:De Felice, Renzo (1995).
6822:. anpi.it. Archived from
6774:. ANPI.it. Archived from
6170:"Nome di battaglia donna"
6062:. msu.edu. Archived from
6007:– via Google Books.
5882:. Rome: Samona e Savelli.
5149:. Springer. p. 152.
5081:History of European Ideas
4521:Italian partisan brigades
3917:Italian road to socialism
3022:Romano-Barbarian Kingdoms
2278:, reporter and historian
1947:countryside. Networks of
1764:Fiat–Revelli Modello 1935
1659:Partisan Alfredo Sforzini
1577:, and also in the German
1531:Italian partisan brigades
1504:as a separate formation.
1485:several partisans of the
1123:led an attempt to defend
677:
647:
280:
266:
252:
160:
150:
140:
132:
122:
83:
58:
39:
34:
13239:Alliance of Progressives
13213:Popular Democratic Front
13115:Republican Fascist Party
13075:Banco Ambrosiano scandal
12649:Popular Democratic Front
11254:Allied invasion of Italy
11231:Solomon Islands campaign
10980:Third Battle of Changsha
10577:First Battle of Changsha
10483:Second Sino-Japanese War
9416:German military brothels
9282:United States war crimes
7697:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
7692:Institutional referendum
6915:Colombo, Arturo (1979).
6442:Dunning, George (1955).
6417:Incerti, Matteo (2011).
5929:Longhi, Silvano (2010).
4883:The Seven Cervi Brothers
4278:Popular Democratic Front
4176:Workers' Communist Party
3807:Red Republic of Caulonia
3780:XVII Congress of the PSI
3113:Italy in the Middle Ages
2971:Roman expansion in Italy
2106:to Switzerland) and the
1839:Thompson submachine guns
1040:(former Italian ships).
902:Giorgio Calvi di Bergolo
881:and their staff fled to
583:Communist Party of Italy
422:of the collaborationist
13271:Modern history of Italy
13225:Unified Socialist Party
13129:Unitary Socialist Party
13120:Italian Communist Party
13020:Revolutionary socialism
12699:Italian Socialist Party
12516:Italian Socialist Party
12452:Luigi Alberto Colajanni
12190:Italian Communist Party
11975:Anti-fascist resistance
11676:Second Guangxi campaign
11531:Philippines (1944–1945)
11035:Battle of the Coral Sea
10938:Fall of the Philippines
10584:Battle of South Guangxi
10490:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
9889:Italian Social Republic
8220:Emigration and diaspora
7429:Guelphs and Ghibellines
7414:the Sardinian Judicates
6510:Ginsborg, Paul (1990).
6085:Balbo, Adriano (2005).
5900:Moseley, Roger (2004).
5349:Sanna, Daniele (2005).
4729:The Four Days of Naples
4288:Proletarian Unity Party
4229:Italian Communist Party
3785:I Congress of the PCd'I
3652:Giangiacomo Feltrinelli
3321:European migrant crisis
3271:Italian Social Republic
3186:Italy (1801–1814)
3143:Guelphs and Ghibellines
2869:Italian Social Republic
2807:Italian Social Republic
2711:Italian Unknown Soldier
2709:, to the chapel of the
2639:Italian Social Republic
2584:Ufficio dell'Albo d'Oro
2580:Ufficio dell'Albo d'Oro
2488:unconditional surrender
2186:Italian Social Republic
1827:Bren light machine guns
1641:An Italian partisan in
1541:Italian Social Republic
1388:Italian Socialist Party
1384:Italian Communist Party
1306:Soviet prisoners of war
1291:Italian Social Republic
1186:. On 1 March 2001, the
919:Italian Social Republic
761:
697:Prime Minister of Italy
564:with Mussolini and his
558:Italian Socialist Party
424:Italian Social Republic
418:, fighting against the
341:Italian Social Republic
328:) consisted of all the
275:Italian Social Republic
13111:National Fascist Party
12981:Italian Workers' Party
11261:Armistice of Cassibile
11063:Battle of Dutch Harbor
11014:Battle of the Java Sea
10917:Attack on Pearl Harbor
10817:Syria–Lebanon campaign
10810:Battle of South Shanxi
10780:Invasion of Yugoslavia
10563:Battle of the Atlantic
10177:Korean Liberation Army
9883:(until September 1943)
9840:(until September 1944)
9818:(until September 1944)
8102:Science and technology
8050:Italian regions by GDP
7851:Marine protected areas
7523:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6564:Italy's Divided Memory
5997:. Rubbettino Editore.
5087:, (2006), pp. 205–222.
4939:, vol. 8, pp. 368–369.
4799:Last Days of Mussolini
4757:Harmony in Ultraviolet
4241:The Left – The Rainbow
3004:(286 AD–476 AD)
2934:(12th–6th c. BC)
2928:(18th–3rd c. BC)
2848:[ˈbɛllaˈtʃaːo]
2844:Italian pronunciation:
2828:historical revisionism
2813:. ANPI was founded in
2770:
2750:
2626:
2610:
2597:Liberation Day (Italy)
2522:
2460:
2452:
2394:under Allied command;
2379:
2367:
2314:
2251:
2048:
1983:partigiane combattenti
1978:
1966:Women's Defense Groups
1935:88th Infantry Division
1788:potato-masher grenades
1547:
1442:and, outside the CLN,
1345:
1337:
1325:
1266:
1245:armistice of Cassibile
1107:
971:XIX Tank Battalion "M"
959:215th Coastal Division
955:Cesare Maria De Vecchi
934:
858:82nd Airborne Division
819:Granatieri di Sardegna
787:
779:
724:International Brigades
670:
621:
528:In Italy, Mussolini's
525:
486:
410:
404:
394:
379:
371:
357:
324:
307:
42:
13261:Anti-fascism in Italy
12620:Democrats of the Left
11425:Second Battle of Guam
11321:Bengal famine of 1943
11291:Second Battle of Kiev
11247:Battle of the Dnieper
10952:Battle of Wake Island
10824:East African campaign
10766:Battle of South Henan
10411:atrocities by Germans
10184:Korean Volunteer Army
9158:Occupation of Germany
8912:Music in World War II
8301:Public administration
7409:the Holy Roman Empire
6683:L'Altare della Patria
6681:Tobia, Bruno (2011).
6661:CAMPAGNADIRUSSIA.info
6466:The National Archives
5977:Giuseppe Fioravanzo,
5864:Charles T. O'Reilly;
5835:Giuseppe Fioravanzo,
5662:Vespa, Bruno (2010).
5011:19 March 2022 at the
4904:Two Anonymous Letters
4820:The Man Who Will Come
4785:The Hunchback of Rome
4631:Beneath a Scarlet Sky
4283:Proletarian Democracy
4188:Defunct organisations
4156:Network of Communists
4088:Current organisations
3264:Italy in World War II
2967:(509 BC–27 BC)
2961:(753 BC–509 BC)
2940:(8th–3rd c. BC)
2932:Etruscan civilization
2823:charitable foundation
2759:
2745:
2616:
2604:
2504:
2443:
2373:
2365:
2309:
2245:
2042:
1973:
1841:(both M1928 and M1),
1690:(operational group).
1538:
1409:'s ministers and the
1343:
1331:
1319:
1308:although much lower.
1264:
1231:, was the setting of
1223:On 9 September 1943,
1091:
932:
785:
769:
664:
617:
532:regime used the term
521:
468:
447:Constitution of Italy
225:Catholic anti-fascism
166:Various, including:
13045:Democratic socialism
13030:National syndicalism
12940:Francesco De Martino
12928:Francesco De Martino
12910:Francesco De Martino
12886:Ivan Matteo Lombardo
12380:Leader in the Senate
11927:Lithuanian partisans
11711:Surrender of Germany
11189:Battle of West Hubei
11146:Guadalcanal campaign
11116:Battle of Stalingrad
11042:Battle of Madagascar
9809:Albania protectorate
9596:(formerly Swaziland)
9305:Wehrmacht war crimes
9121:Expulsion of Germans
8905:Art and World War II
8803:British contribution
8752:Governments in exile
8529:World Heritage Sites
7984:Council of Ministers
7722:Coronavirus pandemic
7120:Currency and coinage
6570:. pp. 176–179.
6446:Where bleed the many
6421:. Aliberti Editore.
6375:to French historian
6371:See as examples the
5791:. pp. 235–236.
5571:"Wrecksite – Carbet"
5306:"L'8 settembre 1943"
4750:General della Rovere
4666:A Day for Lionhearts
4483:Communism portal
4421:Democratic socialism
3827:Manifesto of the 101
3572:Giuseppe Di Vittorio
3358:Currency and coinage
3297:(1970s–1980s)
3252:Italy in World War I
3163:(14th–16th c.)
2998:(27 BC–286 AD)
2926:Nuragic civilization
2779:Constituent Assembly
2775:Italian constitution
2238:Foreign contribution
2218:in his books, while
1849:, and folding-stock
1449:Brigate Fiamme Verdi
1403:Democrazia Cristiana
1191:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
1078:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
907:Raffaele Cadorna Jr.
796:Italian Armed Forces
587:Severino Di Giovanni
439:Constituent Assembly
220:Catholic anti-Nazism
13219:Organic centre-left
13035:Reformist socialism
12958:Ottaviano Del Turco
12655:Historic Compromise
12530:Garibaldi Battalion
12407:Gerardo Chiaromonte
12222:Executive Committee
12010:Bohemia and Moravia
11801:Potsdam Declaration
11690:Italy (Spring 1945)
11453:Liberation of Paris
10910:Siege of Sevastopol
9921:(until August 1944)
9824:Wang Jingwei regime
9646:from September 1943
9606:from September 1944
9544:from September 1944
9404:Romanian war crimes
9395:Persecution of Jews
9381:Croatian war crimes
9351:Japanese war crimes
9165:Occupation of Japan
9114:First Indochina War
8826:Military production
8738:Declarations of war
8060:Automotive industry
7999:Metropolitan cities
7545:Early Modern period
7518:Kingdom of Sardinia
7469:Italian city-states
6596:Corriere della Sera
6558:Foot, John (2009).
6534:Patria Indipendente
6497:(1980), pp. 340/360
6381:Corriere della Sera
5957:Roberto Battaglia,
5665:Il cuore e la spada
5396:on 17 February 2020
5264:on 27 December 2012
5247:, pp. 338–339.
5099:, pp. 332–338.
5032:"Anarchist Century"
4951:, pp. 256–257.
4890:The Sun Still Rises
4841:Miracle at St. Anna
4792:Johnny the Partisan
4638:Blood of the Losers
4416:Christian socialism
4353:Quaderni piacentini
4094:Anticapitalist Left
3902:Christian communism
3887:Anarchist communism
3869:Historic Compromise
3857:Mitterrand doctrine
3627:Pier Paolo Pasolini
3592:Galvano Della Volpe
3161:Italian Renaissance
3138:Italian city-states
2787:Liberation of Italy
2719:Altare della Patria
2651:liberation of Italy
2551:Alessandro Pavolini
2246:Partisan monument (
2096:Marzabotto massacre
2014:Giustizia e Libertà
1914:political commissar
1847:United Defense M42s
1555:Giustizia e Libertà
1483:attacked and killed
1440:Christian democrats
1425:Giustizia e Libertà
1407:Victor Emmanuel III
1358:Four days of Naples
1334:Four Days of Naples
1202:Taurinense Division
900:. At 4 pm, General
875:Victor Emmanuel III
844:Outnumbered German
778:, 10 September 1943
709:Giustizia e Libertà
695:, who later became
685:resistance movement
678:Justice and Freedom
674:Giustizia e Libertà
667:Giustizia e Libertà
630:totalitarianization
475:, an axe cutting a
367:military occupation
308:Resistenza italiana
215:Christian democracy
151:Active regions
43:Resistenza italiana
13149:Italian Socialists
13070:Sigonella incident
12788:Costantino Lazzari
12776:Costantino Lazzari
12356:Giorgio Napolitano
12350:Fernando Di Giulio
11937:Estonian partisans
11794:Surrender of Japan
11627:Battle of Iwo Jima
11476:Belgrade offensive
10889:Siege of Leningrad
10773:Battle of Shanggao
10702:British Somaliland
10667:Dunkirk evacuation
10618:Norwegian campaign
10556:Invasion of Poland
10383:Japanese prisoners
9344:Italian war crimes
9275:British war crimes
9190:Soviet occupations
8974:South-West Pacific
8861:Allied cooperation
8819:Military equipment
8122:Telecommunications
7489:Maritime republics
6652:Multari, Massimo.
6568:Palgrave Macmillan
6292:Gia Marie Amella.
6066:on 6 December 2006
6025:on 20 October 2014
5781:Gerlach, Christian
5618:"Marinai d'Italia"
4876:Tea with Mussolini
4813:Long Night in 1943
4659:Cloak & Dagger
4574:Anarchism in Italy
4458:Socialism in Italy
4441:Italian neorealism
4396:Anarchism in Italy
4131:Communist Struggle
4054:Passive revolution
4049:Organic centralism
3802:Italian Resistance
3797:Aventine Secession
3792:Proština rebellion
3737:Oliviero Diliberto
3647:Giorgio Napolitano
3537:Costantino Lazzari
3134:Maritime republics
3120:(6th–8th c.)
3074:Carolingian Empire
2771:
2751:
2731:Giorgio Napolitano
2703:President of Italy
2627:
2611:
2543:Fernando Mezzasoma
2523:
2494:with his mistress
2453:
2380:
2368:
2315:
2252:
2170:Memorial stone in
2108:Salussola massacre
2084:Ardeatine massacre
2080:summary executions
2049:
1979:
1890:Partisan memorial
1843:M3 submachine guns
1695:Apennine Mountains
1645:on August 14, 1944
1548:
1369:Royal Italian Army
1365:Royal Italian Army
1346:
1338:
1326:
1284:unarmed resistance
1267:
1167:for high treason.
1108:
1097:Giorgio Napolitano
1051:Guardia di Finanza
992:(another péniche,
939:Battle of Piombino
935:
915:Gioacchino Solinas
827:Ariete II Division
813:units such as the
788:
780:
705:President of Italy
671:
622:
526:
487:
300:Italian Resistance
230:Catholic socialism
124:Dates of operation
35:Italian resistance
13248:
13247:
13198:
13190:
13162:Labour Federation
12952:Giorgio Benvenuto
12898:Alberto Jacometti
12818:Domenico Fioritto
12734:Carlo Dell'Avalle
12716:Carlo Dell'Avalle
12664:
12663:
12461:
12460:
12446:Giovanni Cervetti
12395:Umberto Terracini
12389:Mauro Scoccimarro
12332:Palmiro Togliatti
12264:Enrico Berlinguer
12252:Palmiro Togliatti
12240:Palmiro Togliatti
12207:General Secretary
12155:
12154:
11922:Latvian partisans
11868:
11867:
11826:
11825:
11669:Battle of Okinawa
11568:Burma (1944–1945)
11402:Mariana and Palau
11182:Tunisian campaign
11007:Fall of Singapore
10931:Fall of Hong Kong
10674:Battle of Britain
10527:Operation Himmler
10436:
10435:
10100:Dutch East Indies
9736:Southern Rhodesia
9488:
9487:
9388:Genocide of Serbs
9291:German war crimes
9268:Soviet war crimes
9261:Allied war crimes
9107:Division of Korea
9086:Chinese Civil War
8884:Strategic bombing
8796:Manhattan Project
8570:
8569:
8537:
8536:
8172:
8171:
8107:Southern question
8027:
8026:
7959:Political parties
7907:Foreign relations
7879:
7878:
7732:
7731:
7453:Kingdom of Naples
7441:Kingdom of Sicily
6963:978-88-339-1676-7
6898:video.corriere.it
6820:"Festa dell'anpi"
6692:978-88-15-23341-7
6670:on 2 August 2020.
6577:978-0-230-10183-8
6428:978-88-7424-766-0
6296:. Edition.cnn.com
6127:Slaughter, Jane.
5854:978-1-85532-866-2
5798:978-0-521-70689-6
5183:978-0-19-536396-8
5156:978-1-349-95028-7
5122:978-0-7425-3123-9
4834:The Mattei Affair
4701:The Fall of Italy
4694:Everybody Go Home
4617:Achtung! Banditi!
4550:Lucetti Battalion
4517:
4516:
4446:Politics of Italy
4199:Autonomia Operaia
4027:Cultural hegemony
3907:Council communism
3712:Ernesto Screpanti
3687:Fausto Bertinotti
3632:Enrico Berlinguer
3577:Palmiro Togliatti
3567:Bruno Fortichiari
3480:
3479:
3327:COVID-19 pandemic
3323:(2014–2016)
3317:(2007–2009)
3311:(1992–2001)
3303:(1986–1992)
3281:(1943–1945)
3279:Italian Civil War
3266:(1940–1945)
3260:(1922–1943)
3254:(1914–1918)
3248:(1882–1960)
3242:(1861–1946)
3214:(1815–1871)
3175:(1545–1648)
3169:(1494–1559)
3130:in southern Italy
3098:
3097:
3089:Holy Roman Empire
2921:Prehistoric Italy
2853:Italian folk song
2757:
2717:), buried in the
2691:Giustino Arpesani
2655:Italian Civil War
2645:of the Nazis and
2567:Togliatti amnesty
2505:The dead body of
2232:Italian Civil War
2210:governments with
2190:Italian Civil War
2061:Albert Kesselring
1902:guerrilla warfare
1737:French Resistance
1725:guerrilla warfare
1711:Montechino Castle
1688:zona d'operazione
1525:Partisan movement
1515:movement and the
1498:province of Udine
1479:Yugoslav Partisan
1431:Brigate Matteotti
1419:Brigate Garibaldi
1399:liberal socialist
1280:Geneva Convention
1055:submarine chasers
1032:and the steamers
868:Maxwell D. Taylor
865:Brigadier General
835:Piacenza Division
831:Centauro Division
728:Spanish Civil War
720:Spanish Civil War
713:Gaetano Salvemini
680:) was an Italian
626:Giacomo Matteotti
619:Giacomo Matteotti
571:Arditi del Popolo
562:pacification pact
513:Palmiro Togliatti
483:Arditi del Popolo
472:Arditi del Popolo
416:Italian Civil War
333:resistance groups
296:
295:
235:Social liberalism
210:Liberal socialism
105:Palmiro Togliatti
95:Alcide De Gasperi
16:(Redirected from
13283:
13196:
13188:
13157:Socialist League
13040:Social democracy
12974:Related articles
12848:Giuseppe Saragat
12830:Olindo Vernocchi
12752:Savino Varazzani
12709:
12700:
12691:
12684:
12677:
12668:
12667:
12624:Democratic Party
12566:Marxism–Leninism
12509:Related articles
12434:Giorgio Amendola
12426:
12381:
12344:Alessandro Natta
12318:
12299:Alessandro Natta
12276:Achille Occhetto
12270:Alessandro Natta
12208:
12202:
12201:
12191:
12182:
12175:
12168:
12159:
12158:
11895:
11888:
11881:
11872:
11871:
11861:
11854:
11847:
11844:World portal
11842:
11841:
11817:
11810:
11803:
11796:
11787:
11780:
11773:
11764:
11757:
11750:
11743:
11736:
11729:
11720:
11713:
11706:
11704:Prague offensive
11699:
11697:Battle of Berlin
11692:
11685:
11678:
11671:
11664:
11657:
11650:
11643:
11641:Vienna offensive
11636:
11629:
11622:
11620:Battle of Manila
11615:
11595:
11586:
11577:
11570:
11561:
11554:
11547:
11540:
11533:
11526:
11519:
11510:
11501:
11494:
11485:
11478:
11471:
11464:
11455:
11448:
11441:
11434:
11427:
11420:
11413:
11404:
11397:
11388:
11379:
11370:
11363:
11361:Korsun–Cherkassy
11356:
11345:
11323:
11314:
11307:
11300:
11293:
11286:
11279:
11272:
11263:
11256:
11249:
11242:
11233:
11226:
11219:
11212:
11205:
11203:Bombing of Gorky
11198:
11191:
11184:
11164:
11157:
11148:
11141:
11134:
11125:
11118:
11111:
11104:
11093:
11086:
11079:
11072:
11070:Battle of Midway
11065:
11058:
11056:Battle of Gazala
11051:
11044:
11037:
11030:
11023:
11016:
11009:
10989:
10982:
10975:
10968:
10966:Battle of Borneo
10961:
10959:Malayan campaign
10954:
10947:
10940:
10933:
10926:
10919:
10912:
10905:
10903:Bombing of Gorky
10898:
10896:Battle of Moscow
10891:
10884:
10877:
10870:
10863:
10856:
10840:
10833:
10826:
10819:
10812:
10805:
10796:
10789:
10782:
10775:
10768:
10748:
10739:
10732:
10725:
10718:
10711:
10704:
10697:
10690:
10683:
10676:
10669:
10662:
10660:Battle of France
10655:
10648:
10641:
10634:
10627:
10620:
10600:
10593:
10586:
10579:
10572:
10565:
10558:
10536:
10529:
10522:
10515:
10513:Munich Agreement
10508:
10501:
10492:
10485:
10478:
10469:
10462:
10447:
10446:
10429:
10422:
10413:
10406:
10399:
10398:Soviet prisoners
10392:
10385:
10378:
10369:
10362:
10353:
10346:
10339:
10338:German prisoners
10334:
10314:
10305:
10298:
10291:
10286:
10279:
10272:
10265:
10258:
10251:
10244:
10237:
10230:
10223:
10216:
10209:
10202:
10195:
10186:
10179:
10172:
10165:
10158:
10151:
10144:
10137:
10130:
10123:
10116:
10109:
10102:
10095:
10088:
10081:
10074:
10067:
10060:
10040:
10033:
10026:
10019:
10012:
10005:
9998:
9991:
9984:
9977:
9970:
9950:
9943:
9936:
9929:
9922:
9914:
9907:
9900:
9891:
9884:
9876:
9869:
9867:French Indochina
9862:
9855:
9848:
9841:
9833:
9826:
9819:
9811:
9791:
9782:
9775:
9766:
9759:
9752:
9745:
9738:
9731:
9724:
9717:
9714:from August 1944
9705:
9698:
9691:
9684:
9677:
9670:
9663:
9656:
9649:
9637:
9630:
9623:
9616:
9609:
9597:
9589:
9582:
9575:
9568:
9561:
9554:
9547:
9535:
9528:
9521:
9514:
9499:
9498:
9479:
9472:
9465:
9458:
9451:
9440:
9425:
9418:
9411:
9406:
9397:
9390:
9383:
9374:
9367:
9360:
9358:Nanjing Massacre
9353:
9346:
9337:
9335:Nuremberg trials
9328:
9321:
9314:
9307:
9300:
9293:
9284:
9277:
9270:
9263:
9243:
9236:
9229:
9220:
9213:
9206:
9199:
9192:
9185:
9176:
9167:
9160:
9153:
9146:
9137:
9130:
9123:
9116:
9109:
9102:
9095:
9088:
9068:
9059:
9052:
9045:
9036:
9029:
9022:
9015:
9006:
8999:
8992:
8983:
8976:
8969:
8962:
8955:
8948:
8941:
8939:Asia and Pacific
8921:
8914:
8907:
8900:
8893:
8886:
8879:
8870:
8868:Mulberry harbour
8863:
8856:
8849:
8842:
8835:
8828:
8821:
8814:
8805:
8798:
8791:
8782:
8775:
8768:
8761:
8754:
8747:
8740:
8733:
8726:
8719:
8710:
8703:
8688:
8687:
8676:
8669:
8660:
8653:
8646:
8639:
8632:
8625:
8618:
8597:
8590:
8583:
8574:
8573:
8560:
8559:
8552:Italy portal
8549:
8548:
8489:National symbols
8183:
8182:
8038:
8037:
7890:
7889:
7743:
7742:
7623:Kingdom of Italy
7550:Napoleonic Italy
7089:
7088:
7065:
7058:
7051:
7042:
7041:
7029:
7021:
7013:
7005:
6988:
6967:
6943:
6920:
6902:
6901:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6874:on 20 April 2020
6870:. Archived from
6864:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6842:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6831:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6794:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6764:
6758:
6757:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6703:
6697:
6696:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6663:. Archived from
6658:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6627:
6621:
6610:Savage continent
6605:
6599:
6588:
6582:
6581:
6560:"The Resistance"
6555:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6531:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6507:
6498:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6468:. Archived from
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6414:
6408:
6398:
6392:
6389:Thomas Schlemmer
6369:
6363:
6356:Indro Montanelli
6341:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6324:
6318:
6312:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6250:
6242:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6165:
6156:
6155:
6138:
6132:
6125:
6119:
6112:
6101:
6100:
6089:. Blu Edizioni.
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6050:
6044:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6015:
6009:
6008:
5988:
5982:
5975:
5962:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5942:
5934:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5913:
5905:
5897:
5884:
5883:
5875:
5869:
5862:
5856:
5846:
5840:
5833:
5827:
5826:
5825:on 8 April 2014.
5824:
5818:. Archived from
5817:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5743:. Archived from
5737:
5731:
5730:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5694:rainews24.rai.it
5686:
5680:
5679:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5622:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5550:"Penische fates"
5546:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5462:. September 2003
5456:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5431:. 8 October 2000
5425:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5392:. Archived from
5386:
5365:
5364:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5260:. Archived from
5254:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5230:
5224:
5217:
5211:
5204:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5106:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5028:
5022:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4986:
4979:
4971:
4965:
4958:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4929:
4827:Massacre in Rome
4764:His Day of Glory
4652:Cloak and Dagger
4509:
4502:
4495:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4452:Prison Notebooks
4436:History of Italy
4431:Fischia il vento
4256:October 22 Group
4012:Anti-imperialism
4002:Anti-clericalism
3959:Neo-Gramscianism
3949:Marxist humanism
3932:Marxism–Leninism
3864:Movement of 1977
3707:Margherita Cagol
3697:Domenico Losurdo
3682:Achille Occhetto
3672:Giovanni Scuderi
3657:Armando Cossutta
3617:Raniero Panzieri
3607:Alessandro Natta
3602:Altiero Spinelli
3532:Errico Malatesta
3509:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3446:Italy portal
3444:
3443:
3442:
3173:Catholic revival
3026:
3025:
2908:
2898:
2880:
2879:
2850:
2845:
2758:
2511:Claretta Petacci
2507:Benito Mussolini
2496:Claretta Petacci
2436:Revenge killings
2320:Harold Alexander
2292:Oliver Churchill
2290:, and architect
2208:collaborationist
2167:
2151:
2135:
2119:
1960:Female partisans
1910:promissory notes
1887:
1869:
1684:gruppo divisione
1656:
1638:
1607:, 16,000 in the
1551:Rodolfo Graziani
1545:Kingdom of Italy
1392:Partito d'Azione
1206:Venezia Division
979:Marinefährprahme
850:Panzergrenadiere
815:Sassari Division
679:
649:
634:Kingdom of Italy
566:Fasces of Combat
546:Kingdom of Italy
435:Italian Republic
420:Italian Fascists
413:
407:
397:
384:
376:
369:of Italy by the
360:
345:Second World War
327:
318:
313:
286:Italian campaign
281:Battles and wars
257:Kingdom of Italy
240:Social democracy
155:Kingdom of Italy
125:
68:
63:
54:
53:
45:
32:
31:
21:
18:Italian partisan
13291:
13290:
13286:
13285:
13284:
13282:
13281:
13280:
13251:
13250:
13249:
13244:
13201:
13172:Socialist Party
13139:Socialist Unity
13086:
13004:Critica Sociale
12991:Fasci Siciliani
12969:
12934:Giacomo Mancini
12880:Rodolfo Morandi
12862:Giuseppe Romita
12824:Tito Oro Nobili
12800:Nicola Bombacci
12740:Alfredo Bertesi
12707:
12702:
12698:
12695:
12665:
12660:
12637:
12585:
12546:May 1947 crises
12504:
12457:
12424:
12418:
12379:
12373:
12368:Giulio Quercini
12362:Renato Zangheri
12316:
12310:
12305:Aldo Tortorella
12281:
12228:Antonio Gramsci
12206:
12193:
12189:
12186:
12156:
12151:
12140:
12006:Czechoslovakia
12002:Channel Islands
11970:
11954:Cursed soldiers
11905:
11899:
11869:
11864:
11857:
11850:
11836:
11834:
11822:
11813:
11806:
11799:
11792:
11783:
11776:
11769:
11760:
11755:Atomic bombings
11753:
11746:
11739:
11732:
11725:
11716:
11709:
11702:
11695:
11688:
11681:
11674:
11667:
11660:
11653:
11646:
11639:
11632:
11625:
11618:
11611:
11598:
11591:
11580:
11573:
11566:
11557:
11550:
11543:
11536:
11529:
11522:
11513:
11504:
11497:
11488:
11481:
11474:
11467:
11458:
11451:
11446:Eastern Romania
11444:
11439:Warsaw Uprising
11437:
11432:Tannenberg Line
11430:
11423:
11418:Western Ukraine
11416:
11407:
11400:
11391:
11382:
11373:
11366:
11359:
11348:
11339:
11326:
11319:
11310:
11303:
11296:
11289:
11282:
11275:
11268:
11259:
11252:
11245:
11236:
11229:
11222:
11215:
11210:Battle of Kursk
11208:
11201:
11194:
11187:
11180:
11167:
11160:
11151:
11144:
11137:
11128:
11121:
11114:
11107:
11098:
11089:
11082:
11075:
11068:
11061:
11054:
11047:
11040:
11033:
11026:
11021:St Nazaire Raid
11019:
11012:
11005:
10992:
10985:
10978:
10971:
10964:
10957:
10950:
10943:
10936:
10929:
10922:
10915:
10908:
10901:
10894:
10887:
10880:
10873:
10866:
10859:
10845:
10836:
10829:
10822:
10815:
10808:
10803:Anglo-Iraqi War
10801:
10794:Battle of Crete
10792:
10785:
10778:
10771:
10764:
10751:
10742:
10735:
10728:
10723:Eastern Romania
10721:
10714:
10707:
10700:
10693:
10686:
10679:
10672:
10665:
10658:
10651:
10644:
10637:
10630:
10623:
10616:
10603:
10596:
10589:
10582:
10575:
10568:
10561:
10554:
10541:
10532:
10525:
10518:
10511:
10504:
10497:
10488:
10481:
10474:
10465:
10458:
10432:
10425:
10418:
10409:
10402:
10397:
10388:
10381:
10374:
10365:
10358:
10349:
10342:
10337:
10330:
10317:
10310:
10301:
10294:
10289:
10284:Western Ukraine
10282:
10275:
10268:
10261:
10254:
10247:
10240:
10233:
10228:Northeast China
10226:
10219:
10212:
10205:
10198:
10191:
10182:
10175:
10168:
10161:
10154:
10147:
10140:
10133:
10126:
10119:
10112:
10105:
10098:
10091:
10084:
10077:
10070:
10063:
10056:
10043:
10036:
10029:
10022:
10015:
10008:
10001:
9994:
9987:
9980:
9973:
9966:
9953:
9946:
9939:
9932:
9927:Slovak Republic
9925:
9917:
9910:
9903:
9898:Empire of Japan
9896:
9887:
9879:
9872:
9865:
9858:
9851:
9844:
9836:
9829:
9822:
9814:
9807:
9794:
9787:
9778:
9771:
9762:
9755:
9748:
9741:
9734:
9727:
9720:
9708:
9701:
9694:
9687:
9680:
9673:
9666:
9659:
9652:
9640:
9633:
9626:
9619:
9612:
9600:
9592:
9585:
9578:
9571:
9564:
9557:
9550:
9538:
9531:
9524:
9517:
9510:
9484:
9475:
9468:
9461:
9454:
9443:
9428:
9421:
9414:
9410:Sexual violence
9409:
9402:
9393:
9386:
9379:
9370:
9363:
9356:
9349:
9342:
9333:
9324:
9317:
9310:
9303:
9296:
9289:
9280:
9273:
9266:
9259:
9246:
9239:
9232:
9225:
9216:
9209:
9202:
9195:
9188:
9179:
9170:
9163:
9156:
9149:
9140:
9133:
9128:Greek Civil War
9126:
9119:
9112:
9105:
9098:
9091:
9084:
9071:
9064:
9055:
9048:
9041:
9032:
9025:
9018:
9011:
9002:
8995:
8988:
8979:
8972:
8965:
8958:
8953:South-East Asia
8951:
8944:
8937:
8924:
8917:
8910:
8903:
8896:
8889:
8882:
8875:
8866:
8859:
8852:
8845:
8838:
8831:
8824:
8817:
8812:Military awards
8810:
8801:
8794:
8787:
8778:
8771:
8764:
8757:
8750:
8743:
8736:
8729:
8722:
8715:
8706:
8699:
8679:
8672:
8665:
8656:
8649:
8642:
8637:
8628:
8621:
8614:
8606:
8601:
8571:
8566:
8546:
8533:
8504:Public holidays
8335:
8281:Life expectancy
8168:
8023:
7939:Law enforcement
7875:
7728:
7675:
7664:Social Republic
7628:Colonial Empire
7611:Capture of Rome
7564:
7457:
7366:
7259:Ancient peoples
7247:
7184:
7145:Historic states
7103:
7078:
7069:
7027:
7019:
7011:
7003:
6995:
6985:
6964:
6948:Pavone, Claudio
6940:
6911:
6906:
6905:
6892:
6891:
6887:
6877:
6875:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6851:
6849:
6844:
6843:
6839:
6829:
6827:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6803:
6801:
6796:
6795:
6791:
6781:
6779:
6766:
6765:
6761:
6730:
6726:
6716:
6714:
6713:on 2 April 2015
6705:
6704:
6700:
6693:
6679:
6675:
6667:
6656:
6650:
6646:
6636:
6634:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6613:, London 2012,
6606:
6602:
6589:
6585:
6578:
6556:
6549:
6539:
6537:
6529:
6523:
6519:
6508:
6501:
6489:
6485:
6475:
6473:
6472:on 16 June 2013
6460:
6459:
6455:
6440:
6436:
6429:
6415:
6411:
6399:
6395:
6370:
6366:
6360:Storia d'Italia
6342:
6338:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6313:
6309:
6299:
6297:
6290:
6286:
6279:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6244:
6243:
6235:
6231:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6208:
6207:
6203:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6179:
6177:
6166:
6159:
6152:
6140:
6139:
6135:
6126:
6122:
6113:
6104:
6097:
6083:
6079:
6069:
6067:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6042:
6038:
6028:
6026:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6005:
5989:
5985:
5976:
5965:
5956:
5952:
5936:
5935:
5927:
5923:
5907:
5906:
5898:
5887:
5876:
5872:
5863:
5859:
5847:
5843:
5834:
5830:
5822:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5799:
5778:
5774:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5750:
5748:
5747:on 17 June 2018
5739:
5738:
5734:
5727:
5713:
5709:
5699:
5697:
5688:
5687:
5683:
5676:
5660:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5601:
5599:
5598:on 30 June 2017
5590:
5589:
5585:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5538:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5457:
5444:
5434:
5432:
5427:
5426:
5409:
5399:
5397:
5388:
5387:
5368:
5361:
5347:
5343:
5333:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5311:
5309:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5289:
5287:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5267:
5265:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5243:
5239:
5231:
5227:
5218:
5214:
5205:
5198:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5168:
5164:
5157:
5141:
5137:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5107:
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5047:
5037:
5035:
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5013:Wayback Machine
5004:
5000:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4959:
4955:
4947:
4943:
4937:Storia d'Italia
4930:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4869:Rome, Open City
4806:Little Teachers
4687:Escape by Night
4604:
4563:Mazzini Society
4544:People's Squads
4513:
4477:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4426:Fasci Siciliani
4391:
4383:
4382:
4318:
4310:
4309:
4189:
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4180:
4114:Communist Party
4109:Communist Front
4089:
4081:
4080:
4032:Counterhegemony
3997:
3989:
3988:
3979:Western Marxism
3882:
3874:
3873:
3842:Primavalle fire
3822:May 1947 crises
3770:Fasci Siciliani
3765:
3757:
3756:
3752:Alberto Toscano
3732:Cesare Battisti
3702:Silvia Federici
3562:Antonio Gramsci
3552:Nicola Bombacci
3517:
3476:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3383:Historic states
3347:
3339:
3338:
3315:Great Recession
3246:Colonial Empire
3235:
3227:
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3225:
3206:
3156:
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2753:
2740:
2695:Achille Marazza
2687:Rodolfo Morandi
2667:Alfredo Pizzoni
2625:(25 April 2013)
2619:Porta San Paolo
2609:(25 April 2009)
2599:
2593:
2575:
2555:Achille Starace
2539:Piazzale Loreto
2531:Dongo, Lombardy
2515:Piazzale Loreto
2473:Ferruccio Parri
2465:court martialed
2438:
2392:Polish II Corps
2360:
2355:
2343:Maria Benedetto
2312:Maria Benedetto
2304:
2240:
2192:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2159:
2158:memorial relief
2152:
2143:
2136:
2127:
2120:
2037:
2031:
1968:
1962:
1944:
1927:Monte Battaglia
1898:
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1894:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1859:
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1660:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1623:, and 5,000 in
1533:
1527:
1373:Operation Achse
1314:
1276:prisoner of war
1259:
1253:
1237:Operation Achse
1214:Emilia Division
1121:Luigi Mascherpa
1086:
1004:service boats (
951:Kapitänleutnant
947:Operation Achse
927:
898:Porta San Paolo
879:Pietro Badoglio
846:Fallschirmjäger
803:military police
772:Porta San Paolo
764:
759:
754:
740:
693:Ferruccio Parri
595:Benedetto Croce
560:(PSI) signed a
463:
311:
273:
259:
123:
115:Ferruccio Parri
79:
47:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13289:
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12925:
12919:
12913:
12907:
12901:
12895:
12889:
12883:
12877:
12874:Sandro Pertini
12871:
12865:
12859:
12852:Oddino Morgari
12845:
12839:
12833:
12827:
12821:
12815:
12812:Giovanni Bacci
12809:
12806:Egidio Gennari
12803:
12797:
12791:
12785:
12782:Egidio Gennari
12779:
12773:
12767:
12764:Oddino Morgari
12761:
12755:
12749:
12746:Enrico Bertini
12743:
12737:
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12725:
12722:Filippo Turati
12719:
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12311:
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12296:
12289:
12287:
12283:
12282:
12280:
12279:
12273:
12267:
12261:
12255:
12249:
12246:Ruggero Grieco
12243:
12237:
12234:Camilla Ravera
12231:
12225:
12219:
12216:Amadeo Bordiga
12212:
12210:
12199:
12195:
12194:
12185:
12184:
12177:
12170:
12162:
12153:
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12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12019:
12018:
12017:
12012:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11978:
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11875:
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11824:
11823:
11821:
11820:
11819:
11818:
11811:
11804:
11790:
11789:
11788:
11774:
11771:South Sakhalin
11767:
11766:
11765:
11751:
11744:
11737:
11730:
11723:
11722:
11721:
11707:
11700:
11693:
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11637:
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11502:
11495:
11486:
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11472:
11465:
11456:
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11405:
11398:
11389:
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11357:
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11308:
11294:
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11273:
11266:
11265:
11264:
11250:
11243:
11234:
11227:
11220:
11213:
11206:
11199:
11196:Battle of Attu
11192:
11185:
11177:
11175:
11169:
11168:
11166:
11165:
11158:
11149:
11142:
11135:
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11105:
11096:
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11073:
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11045:
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11031:
11024:
11017:
11010:
11002:
11000:
10994:
10993:
10991:
10990:
10983:
10976:
10969:
10962:
10955:
10948:
10945:Battle of Guam
10941:
10934:
10927:
10920:
10913:
10906:
10899:
10892:
10885:
10878:
10871:
10868:Battle of Kiev
10864:
10857:
10843:
10842:
10841:
10827:
10820:
10813:
10806:
10799:
10798:
10797:
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10611:
10605:
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10559:
10551:
10549:
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10542:
10540:
10539:
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10516:
10509:
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10493:
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10455:
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10444:
10438:
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10423:
10416:
10415:
10414:
10407:
10395:
10394:
10393:
10379:
10372:
10371:
10370:
10367:United Kingdom
10363:
10356:
10355:
10354:
10335:
10327:
10325:
10319:
10318:
10316:
10315:
10308:
10307:
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10273:
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10196:
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9999:
9992:
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9971:
9963:
9961:
9955:
9954:
9952:
9951:
9944:
9937:
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9923:
9915:
9908:
9901:
9894:
9893:
9892:
9877:
9870:
9863:
9856:
9849:
9842:
9834:
9827:
9820:
9812:
9804:
9802:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9792:
9785:
9784:
9783:
9769:
9768:
9767:
9764:British Empire
9757:United Kingdom
9753:
9746:
9739:
9732:
9725:
9718:
9706:
9699:
9692:
9685:
9678:
9671:
9664:
9657:
9650:
9638:
9631:
9624:
9617:
9610:
9598:
9590:
9583:
9576:
9573:Czechoslovakia
9569:
9562:
9555:
9548:
9536:
9529:
9522:
9515:
9507:
9505:
9496:
9490:
9489:
9486:
9485:
9483:
9482:
9481:
9480:
9473:
9470:Rape of Manila
9466:
9459:
9452:
9441:
9426:
9419:
9407:
9400:
9399:
9398:
9391:
9377:
9376:
9375:
9368:
9361:
9347:
9340:
9339:
9338:
9331:
9330:
9329:
9322:
9308:
9301:
9287:
9286:
9285:
9278:
9271:
9256:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9244:
9241:United Nations
9237:
9230:
9223:
9222:
9221:
9214:
9207:
9200:
9186:
9177:
9168:
9161:
9154:
9147:
9138:
9131:
9124:
9117:
9110:
9103:
9100:Decolonization
9096:
9089:
9081:
9079:
9073:
9072:
9070:
9069:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9046:
9039:
9038:
9037:
9030:
9023:
9009:
9008:
9007:
9000:
8986:
8985:
8984:
8977:
8970:
8963:
8956:
8949:
8934:
8932:
8926:
8925:
8923:
8922:
8915:
8908:
8901:
8894:
8887:
8880:
8873:
8872:
8871:
8864:
8850:
8843:
8836:
8829:
8822:
8815:
8808:
8807:
8806:
8792:
8785:
8784:
8783:
8776:
8773:United Kingdom
8769:
8755:
8748:
8741:
8734:
8727:
8720:
8713:
8712:
8711:
8696:
8694:
8685:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8670:
8663:
8662:
8661:
8654:
8647:
8635:
8634:
8633:
8619:
8611:
8608:
8607:
8600:
8599:
8592:
8585:
8577:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8564:
8554:
8542:
8539:
8538:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8345:
8343:
8337:
8336:
8334:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
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8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8277:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8259:
8258:
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8247:
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8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
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8212:
8207:
8202:
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8192:
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8166:
8161:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8112:Stock exchange
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8078:
8077:
8072:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8041:
8035:
8029:
8028:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8021:
8016:
8014:Municipalities
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7974:Prime Minister
7971:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7893:
7887:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7861:Regional parks
7858:
7856:National parks
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7765:Climate change
7757:
7752:
7746:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7683:
7681:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7673:
7672:
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7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7641:
7640:
7630:
7625:
7615:
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7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7572:
7570:
7566:
7565:
7563:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7530:
7528:Duchy of Savoy
7525:
7520:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7465:
7463:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7455:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7438:
7436:Lombard League
7433:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7374:
7372:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7360:
7358:Western Empire
7350:
7345:
7343:Roman conquest
7340:
7335:
7325:
7324:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7297:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7264:Italic peoples
7255:
7253:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7192:
7190:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
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7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7095:
7093:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7068:
7067:
7060:
7053:
7045:
7039:
7038:
7033:
7025:
7017:
7009:
7001:
6994:
6993:External links
6991:
6990:
6989:
6983:
6968:
6962:
6944:
6938:
6921:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6885:
6859:
6837:
6826:on 24 May 2010
6811:
6789:
6759:
6746:10.2307/442274
6740:(3): 205–222.
6724:
6698:
6691:
6673:
6644:
6622:
6600:
6583:
6576:
6547:
6517:
6499:
6491:Basil Davidson
6483:
6453:
6434:
6427:
6409:
6393:
6364:
6345:Giorgio Pisanò
6336:
6319:
6315:De Felice 1995
6307:
6284:
6277:
6258:
6229:
6215:
6201:
6187:
6157:
6150:
6133:
6120:
6102:
6095:
6077:
6045:
6036:
6010:
6003:
5983:
5963:
5961:, pp. 336–339.
5950:
5921:
5885:
5870:
5857:
5841:
5828:
5804:
5797:
5772:
5758:
5732:
5726:978-8806143145
5725:
5707:
5681:
5675:978-8852017285
5674:
5654:
5633:
5609:
5583:
5562:
5536:
5515:
5494:
5473:
5442:
5407:
5366:
5359:
5341:
5319:
5297:
5275:
5249:
5237:
5235:, p. 307.
5225:
5212:
5196:
5182:
5162:
5155:
5135:
5121:
5101:
5089:
5072:
5045:
5023:
4998:
4966:
4953:
4941:
4935:, in: AA.VV.,
4923:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4571:
4569:Anni di piombo
4566:
4560:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4524:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4455:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4411:Christian left
4408:
4403:
4401:Bandiera Rossa
4398:
4392:
4390:Related topics
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:Quaderni Rossi
4355:
4350:
4345:
4343:Il Politecnico
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:Workers' Power
4302:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4246:Lotta Continua
4243:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4161:People's Union
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4136:Countercurrent
4133:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4039:Euroscepticism
4036:
4035:
4034:
4024:
4022:Class conflict
4019:
4017:Antimilitarism
4014:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3929:
3924:
3922:Left communism
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3777:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3727:Marco Ferrando
3724:
3719:
3717:Franco Berardi
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3677:Gianni Vattimo
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3642:Lucio Colletti
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3582:Ruggero Grieco
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:Amadeo Bordiga
3554:
3549:
3547:Egidio Gennari
3544:
3542:Luigi Galleani
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3522:Emilio Covelli
3518:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3501:
3491:
3490:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3304:
3292:
3282:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3131:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:962–1801
3092:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3002:Western Empire
2999:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2978:
2973:
2962:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2819:northern Italy
2739:
2736:
2679:Sandro Pertini
2631:Liberation Day
2595:Main article:
2592:
2591:Liberation Day
2589:
2574:
2571:
2535:Walter Audisio
2477:Schio massacre
2461:resa dei conti
2445:Walter Audisio
2437:
2434:
2412:general strike
2376:Montù Beccaria
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2334:Roman Catholic
2328:were aided by
2303:
2300:
2296:George Dunning
2280:Peter Tompkins
2239:
2236:
2220:Claudio Pavone
2216:Giorgio Pisanò
2181:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2090:in Rome), the
2076:Black Brigades
2030:
2027:
1961:
1958:
1943:
1940:
1889:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1871:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1744:Regio Esercito
1733:strike actions
1658:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1640:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1617:Emilia-Romagna
1526:
1523:
1496:groups in the
1472:Enrico Martini
1313:
1310:
1302:heavy industry
1255:Main article:
1252:
1249:
1210:Aosta Division
1184:Antonio Gandin
1172:Acqui Division
1117:Inigo Campioni
1085:
1082:
1038:Capitano Sauro
926:
923:
823:Piave Division
811:Regio Esercito
763:
760:
758:
755:
739:
736:
701:Sandro Pertini
689:Carlo Rosselli
609:Carlo Rosselli
550:labor movement
523:Carlo Rosselli
509:fascist squads
495:fascist regime
462:
459:
294:
293:
282:
278:
277:
268:
264:
263:
254:
250:
249:
248:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
164:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
85:
81:
80:
69:
56:
55:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13288:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
13259:
13258:
13256:
13240:
13237:
13234:
13233:
13229:
13226:
13223:
13220:
13217:
13214:
13211:
13210:
13208:
13204:
13195:
13192:
13187:
13184:
13182:
13179:
13177:
13173:
13170:
13168:
13165:
13163:
13160:
13158:
13154:
13150:
13147:
13145:
13142:
13140:
13137:
13135:
13132:
13130:
13127:
13125:
13121:
13118:
13116:
13112:
13108:
13104:
13101:
13099:
13096:
13095:
13093:
13089:
13083:
13082:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13005:
13001:
12999:
12998:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12978:
12976:
12972:
12965:
12962:
12959:
12956:
12953:
12950:
12947:
12946:Bettino Craxi
12944:
12941:
12938:
12935:
12932:
12929:
12926:
12923:
12920:
12917:
12916:Mario Tanassi
12914:
12911:
12908:
12905:
12902:
12899:
12896:
12893:
12890:
12887:
12884:
12881:
12878:
12875:
12872:
12869:
12866:
12863:
12860:
12857:
12853:
12849:
12846:
12843:
12840:
12837:
12834:
12831:
12828:
12825:
12822:
12819:
12816:
12813:
12810:
12807:
12804:
12801:
12798:
12795:
12792:
12789:
12786:
12783:
12780:
12777:
12774:
12771:
12770:Pompeo Ciotti
12768:
12765:
12762:
12759:
12756:
12753:
12750:
12747:
12744:
12741:
12738:
12735:
12732:
12729:
12726:
12723:
12720:
12717:
12714:
12713:
12711:
12705:
12701:
12692:
12687:
12685:
12680:
12678:
12673:
12672:
12669:
12656:
12653:
12650:
12647:
12646:
12644:
12640:
12634:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12621:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12594:
12592:
12588:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12576:Eurocommunism
12574:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12531:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12513:
12511:
12507:
12500:
12499:
12495:
12492:
12491:
12487:
12484:
12483:
12479:
12476:
12475:
12471:
12470:
12468:
12464:
12453:
12450:
12447:
12444:
12441:
12438:
12435:
12432:
12431:
12429:
12427:
12421:
12414:
12413:Ugo Pecchioli
12411:
12408:
12405:
12402:
12399:
12396:
12393:
12390:
12387:
12386:
12384:
12382:
12376:
12369:
12366:
12363:
12360:
12357:
12354:
12351:
12348:
12345:
12342:
12339:
12338:Pietro Ingrao
12336:
12333:
12330:
12327:
12324:
12323:
12321:
12319:
12313:
12306:
12303:
12300:
12297:
12294:
12291:
12290:
12288:
12284:
12277:
12274:
12271:
12268:
12265:
12262:
12259:
12256:
12253:
12250:
12247:
12244:
12241:
12238:
12235:
12232:
12229:
12226:
12223:
12220:
12217:
12214:
12213:
12211:
12209:
12203:
12200:
12196:
12192:
12183:
12178:
12176:
12171:
12169:
12164:
12163:
12160:
12148:
12145:
12142:
12141:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12121:
12120:
12117:
12111:
12108:
12106:
12103:
12102:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12089:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12016:
12013:
12011:
12008:
12007:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11979:
11977:
11973:
11967:
11964:
11962:
11959:
11955:
11952:
11951:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11919:
11918:
11917:Baltic States
11915:
11914:
11912:
11908:
11903:
11896:
11891:
11889:
11884:
11882:
11877:
11876:
11873:
11860:
11856:
11853:
11849:
11846:
11845:
11840:
11833:
11832:
11829:
11816:
11812:
11809:
11805:
11802:
11798:
11797:
11795:
11791:
11786:
11782:
11781:
11779:
11778:Kuril Islands
11775:
11772:
11768:
11763:
11759:
11758:
11756:
11752:
11749:
11745:
11742:
11738:
11735:
11731:
11728:
11724:
11719:
11715:
11714:
11712:
11708:
11705:
11701:
11698:
11694:
11691:
11687:
11684:
11680:
11677:
11673:
11670:
11666:
11663:
11659:
11656:
11652:
11649:
11645:
11642:
11638:
11635:
11631:
11628:
11624:
11621:
11617:
11614:
11610:
11609:
11607:
11605:
11601:
11594:
11590:
11585:
11584:
11579:
11578:
11576:
11572:
11569:
11565:
11560:
11556:
11555:
11553:
11549:
11546:
11545:Syrmian Front
11542:
11539:
11535:
11532:
11528:
11525:
11521:
11518:
11517:
11512:
11509:
11508:
11503:
11500:
11496:
11493:
11492:
11491:Market Garden
11487:
11484:
11480:
11477:
11473:
11470:
11466:
11463:
11462:
11457:
11454:
11450:
11447:
11443:
11440:
11436:
11433:
11429:
11426:
11422:
11419:
11415:
11412:
11411:
11406:
11403:
11399:
11396:
11395:
11390:
11387:
11386:
11381:
11378:
11377:
11372:
11369:
11365:
11362:
11358:
11355:
11351:
11350:Monte Cassino
11347:
11344:
11343:
11338:
11337:
11335:
11333:
11329:
11322:
11318:
11313:
11309:
11306:
11302:
11301:
11299:
11295:
11292:
11288:
11285:
11281:
11278:
11274:
11271:
11267:
11262:
11258:
11257:
11255:
11251:
11248:
11244:
11241:
11240:
11235:
11232:
11228:
11225:
11221:
11218:
11214:
11211:
11207:
11204:
11200:
11197:
11193:
11190:
11186:
11183:
11179:
11178:
11176:
11174:
11170:
11163:
11159:
11156:
11155:
11150:
11147:
11143:
11140:
11136:
11133:
11132:
11127:
11124:
11120:
11117:
11113:
11110:
11106:
11103:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11088:
11085:
11081:
11080:
11078:
11074:
11071:
11067:
11064:
11060:
11057:
11053:
11050:
11046:
11043:
11039:
11036:
11032:
11029:
11025:
11022:
11018:
11015:
11011:
11008:
11004:
11003:
11001:
10999:
10995:
10988:
10984:
10981:
10977:
10974:
10970:
10967:
10963:
10960:
10956:
10953:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10935:
10932:
10928:
10925:
10921:
10918:
10914:
10911:
10907:
10904:
10900:
10897:
10893:
10890:
10886:
10883:
10879:
10876:
10872:
10869:
10865:
10862:
10858:
10854:
10853:
10848:
10844:
10839:
10835:
10834:
10832:
10828:
10825:
10821:
10818:
10814:
10811:
10807:
10804:
10800:
10795:
10791:
10790:
10788:
10784:
10781:
10777:
10774:
10770:
10767:
10763:
10762:
10760:
10758:
10754:
10747:
10746:
10741:
10738:
10734:
10731:
10727:
10724:
10720:
10717:
10716:Baltic states
10713:
10710:
10706:
10703:
10699:
10696:
10692:
10689:
10685:
10682:
10678:
10675:
10671:
10668:
10664:
10661:
10657:
10654:
10650:
10647:
10643:
10640:
10636:
10633:
10629:
10626:
10622:
10619:
10615:
10614:
10612:
10610:
10606:
10599:
10595:
10592:
10588:
10585:
10581:
10578:
10574:
10571:
10567:
10564:
10560:
10557:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10548:
10544:
10535:
10531:
10528:
10524:
10521:
10517:
10514:
10510:
10507:
10503:
10502:
10500:
10496:
10491:
10487:
10484:
10480:
10479:
10477:
10473:
10468:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10457:
10456:
10454:
10452:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10439:
10428:
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10360:United States
10357:
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10348:
10347:
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10341:
10340:
10336:
10333:
10329:
10328:
10326:
10324:
10320:
10313:
10309:
10304:
10300:
10297:
10296:Quốc dân Đảng
10293:
10292:
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10285:
10281:
10278:
10274:
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10267:
10264:
10260:
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10028:
10025:
10021:
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10014:
10011:
10007:
10004:
10000:
9997:
9996:Liechtenstein
9993:
9990:
9986:
9983:
9979:
9976:
9972:
9969:
9965:
9964:
9962:
9960:
9956:
9949:
9948:Collaboration
9945:
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9938:
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9931:
9928:
9924:
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9913:
9909:
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9806:
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9803:
9801:
9797:
9790:
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9781:
9777:
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9773:United States
9770:
9765:
9761:
9760:
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9751:
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9508:
9506:
9504:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9491:
9478:
9474:
9471:
9467:
9464:
9463:Comfort women
9460:
9457:
9453:
9450:
9447: /
9446:
9442:
9439:
9436: /
9435:
9432: /
9431:
9427:
9424:
9423:Camp brothels
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9408:
9405:
9401:
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9392:
9389:
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9384:
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9352:
9348:
9345:
9341:
9336:
9332:
9327:
9323:
9320:
9316:
9315:
9313:
9312:The Holocaust
9309:
9306:
9302:
9299:
9298:forced labour
9295:
9294:
9292:
9288:
9283:
9279:
9276:
9272:
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9183:
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9166:
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9159:
9155:
9152:
9151:Marshall Plan
9148:
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9132:
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9125:
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9035:
9031:
9028:
9024:
9021:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9010:
9005:
9004:Eastern Front
9001:
8998:
8997:Western Front
8994:
8993:
8991:
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8909:
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8892:
8891:Puppet states
8888:
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8878:
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8869:
8865:
8862:
8858:
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8851:
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8837:
8834:
8833:Naval history
8830:
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8816:
8813:
8809:
8804:
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8797:
8793:
8790:
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8780:United States
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7723:
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7710:
7708:
7707:Years of Lead
7705:
7703:
7702:Economic Boom
7700:
7698:
7695:
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7690:
7689:
7688:
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7678:
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7645:Fascist Italy
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7619:
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7612:
7609:
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7602:
7599:
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7594:
7592:
7591:Niçard exodus
7589:
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7311:Magna Graecia
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6984:9781139499644
6980:
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6959:
6955:
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6949:
6945:
6941:
6939:88-85987-95-8
6935:
6931:
6930:Red and Black
6927:
6922:
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6912:
6900:(in Italian).
6899:
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6889:
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6799:
6793:
6778:on 2 May 2011
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6387:of historian
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6317:, p. 22.
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6168:MYmovies.it.
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6151:88-425-2299-6
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4933:La Resistenza
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4771:Hornets' Nest
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4673:A Day in Life
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4635:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4610:The Abandoned
4607:
4606:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4538:Volante Rossa
4536:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4510:
4505:
4503:
4498:
4496:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4474:
4473:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4299:Volante Rossa
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Critical Left
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:Eurocommunism
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3832:Years of Lead
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Biennio Rosso
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:Paolo Ferrero
3745:
3743:
3742:Nichi Vendola
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Renato Curcio
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3667:Antonio Negri
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Onorato Damen
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:Carlo Cafiero
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3424:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3342:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:Years of Lead
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:774–962
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3064:568–774
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3054:435–534
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3044:493–553
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3034:476–493
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2939:
2938:Magna Graecia
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2748:
2744:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2727:laurel wreath
2724:
2720:
2716:
2715:Milite Ignoto
2712:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2675:Emilio Sereni
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2527:nom de guerre
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2400:Reggio Emilia
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2358:1945 uprising
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2244:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2047:, August 1944
2046:
2041:
2036:
2029:1944 uprising
2026:
2023:
2020:"gappistas".
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1975:Carla Capponi
1972:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1893:
1886:
1875:
1868:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1786:, the iconic
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:Beretta M1934
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:distaccamento
1669:
1655:
1644:
1637:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:forced labour
1294:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1174:stationed in
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:Robert Tilney
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1084:Outside Italy
1081:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
984:
980:
976:
972:
967:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
931:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
873:
869:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
801:
797:
793:
784:
777:
773:
768:
753:
749:
745:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
703:, who became
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
683:
675:
668:
663:
659:
657:
653:
645:
641:
637:
635:
631:
627:
620:
616:
612:
610:
606:
605:Piero Gobetti
602:
601:
596:
592:
591:March on Rome
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:secret police
535:
531:
524:
520:
516:
514:
510:
506:
505:
504:Biennio Rosso
500:
496:
492:
484:
480:
479:
474:
473:
467:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:. The modern
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
412:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
383:
382:
375:
374:
368:
364:
359:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
326:
322:
317:
309:
305:
301:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
272:
269:
265:
262:
258:
255:
251:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
200:Republicanism
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
165:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
121:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
90:Ivanoe Bonomi
88:
87:
86:
82:
77:
73:
67:
62:
57:
51:
44:
38:
33:
30:
19:
13232:Pentapartito
13230:
13186:Forza Italia
13079:
13059:
13002:
12995:
12904:Pietro Nenni
12868:Pietro Nenni
12856:Angelo Tasca
12842:Pietro Nenni
12794:Arturo Vella
12758:Enrico Ferri
12728:Enrico Ferri
12535:
12521:Culturalists
12496:
12488:
12480:
12472:
12466:Publications
12401:Edoardo Pema
12221:
12087:Soviet Union
12046:
11852:Bibliography
11835:
11648:Project Hula
11613:Vistula–Oder
11582:
11515:
11506:
11490:
11460:
11409:
11393:
11384:
11375:
11341:
11238:
11153:
11129:
11099:
10850:
10743:
10688:North Africa
10390:Soviet Union
10344:Soviet Union
10270:Soviet Union
10148:
10038:Vatican City
9941:Vichy France
9846:German Reich
9743:Soviet Union
9729:South Africa
9722:Sierra Leone
9675:Newfoundland
9494:Participants
9477:Marocchinate
9181:
9172:
9142:
9020:North Africa
8981:Indian Ocean
8840:Nazi plunder
8731:Cryptography
8604:World War II
8389:Architecture
8359:Quattrocento
8316:Social class
8296:Prostitution
8210:Demographics
8132:Trade unions
8075:Central Bank
7917:Human rights
7897:Constitution
7680:Contemporary
7659:
7650:World War II
7538:Italian Wars
7462:Early modern
7404:Papal States
7382:Italy under
7328:Ancient Rome
7028:(in Italian)
7020:(in Italian)
7012:(in Italian)
7004:(in Italian)
6973:
6951:
6929:
6926:Rosso e Nero
6925:
6916:
6909:Bibliography
6897:
6888:
6876:. Retrieved
6872:the original
6862:
6850:. Retrieved
6840:
6828:. Retrieved
6824:the original
6814:
6802:. Retrieved
6800:(in Italian)
6792:
6780:. Retrieved
6776:the original
6771:
6762:
6737:
6733:
6727:
6715:. Retrieved
6711:the original
6701:
6682:
6676:
6665:the original
6660:
6647:
6635:. Retrieved
6633:(in Italian)
6625:
6608:
6607:Keith Lowe,
6603:
6586:
6563:
6538:. Retrieved
6536:(in Italian)
6533:
6520:
6511:
6494:
6486:
6474:. Retrieved
6470:the original
6465:
6456:
6445:
6437:
6418:
6412:
6396:
6380:
6377:Pierre Milza
6367:
6359:
6351:
6347:
6339:
6322:
6310:
6298:. Retrieved
6287:
6267:
6261:
6238:
6232:
6223:
6218:
6209:
6204:
6195:
6190:
6178:. Retrieved
6176:(in Italian)
6173:
6141:
6136:
6128:
6123:
6115:
6114:Behan, Tom.
6086:
6080:
6068:. Retrieved
6064:the original
6057:
6048:
6039:
6027:. Retrieved
6023:the original
6013:
5993:
5986:
5978:
5958:
5953:
5930:
5924:
5901:
5879:
5873:
5865:
5860:
5844:
5836:
5831:
5820:the original
5807:
5784:
5775:
5761:
5749:. Retrieved
5745:the original
5735:
5716:
5710:
5698:. Retrieved
5696:(in Italian)
5693:
5684:
5664:
5657:
5645:. Retrieved
5636:
5624:. Retrieved
5612:
5600:. Retrieved
5596:the original
5586:
5574:. Retrieved
5565:
5553:. Retrieved
5527:. Retrieved
5518:
5506:. Retrieved
5497:
5485:. Retrieved
5476:
5464:. Retrieved
5433:. Retrieved
5398:. Retrieved
5394:the original
5353:. AM&D.
5350:
5344:
5334:20 September
5332:. Retrieved
5330:(in Italian)
5322:
5312:20 September
5310:. Retrieved
5308:(in Italian)
5300:
5288:. Retrieved
5286:(in Italian)
5278:
5266:. Retrieved
5262:the original
5252:
5245:Colombo 1979
5240:
5228:
5220:
5215:
5207:
5187:. Retrieved
5172:
5165:
5145:
5138:
5126:. Retrieved
5111:
5104:
5097:Colombo 1979
5092:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5063:. Retrieved
5061:(in Italian)
5058:
5048:
5036:. Retrieved
5026:
5016:
5001:
4991:23 September
4989:. Retrieved
4969:
4961:
4956:
4944:
4936:
4932:
4931:G. Bianchi,
4927:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4527:Anti-fascism
4450:
4328:il manifesto
4297:
4293:Red Brigades
4073:
4007:Anti-fascism
3969:Post-Marxism
3801:
3662:Mario Tronti
3637:Livio Maitan
3622:Luciano Lama
3432:
3422:
3330:
3329:(2020–
3306:
3288:
3287:(1946–
3274:
3211:Risorgimento
3209:
3167:Italian Wars
3155:Early modern
2986:
2980:
2952:Ancient Rome
2865:Nazi Germany
2837:
2836:
2832:constitution
2811:World War II
2792:
2791:
2783:anti-fascist
2772:
2760:
2714:
2699:
2659:World War II
2643:puppet state
2635:Nazi Germany
2628:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2563:
2559:
2526:
2524:
2521:, April 1945
2492:Brenner Pass
2481:
2469:Mario Scelba
2454:
2421:
2381:
2326:Italian Jews
2324:
2316:
2302:Aid networks
2253:
2227:
2223:
2212:Nazi Germany
2193:
2126:, early 1944
2065:
2050:
2018:
1998:Marisa Diena
1991:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1945:
1923:
1906:
1899:
1810:
1807:Beretta MABs
1804:
1796:Walther P38s
1741:
1728:
1714:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1611:, 17,000 in
1609:Julian March
1603:, 14,200 in
1594:
1588:
1585:Adriatic Sea
1579:
1554:
1549:
1516:
1513:Stella Rossa
1512:
1506:
1502:Fiamme Verdi
1501:
1490:
1476:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1447:
1446:such as the
1429:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1377:
1362:
1347:
1295:
1288:
1271:
1268:
1241:Nazi Germany
1222:
1199:
1194:
1169:
1149:British Army
1109:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
993:
989:
985:
974:
968:
936:
891:
843:
789:
717:
708:
682:anti-fascist
672:
655:
642:
638:
623:
598:
576:
569:
534:anti-fascist
533:
527:
502:
499:World War II
491:anti-fascism
488:
482:
476:
470:
455:anti-fascism
428:
402:), fought a
387:
363:puppet state
353:anti-fascist
337:Nazi Germany
320:
319:, or simply
299:
297:
290:World War II
271:Nazi Germany
175:Anti-fascism
141:Headquarters
110:Ugo La Malfa
100:Pietro Nenni
70:Flag of the
29:
13235:(1981-1993)
13227:(1966-1971)
13221:(1962-1976)
13215:(1947-1948)
13091:Derivatives
13081:Mani pulite
13025:Maximalists
12964:Valdo Spini
12960:(1993–1994)
12948:(1976–1993)
12942:(1972–1976)
12936:(1970–1972)
12930:(1969–1970)
12924:(1968–1969)
12922:Mauro Ferri
12918:(1966–1968)
12912:(1963–1968)
12906:(1949–1963)
12900:(1948–1949)
12894:(1947–1948)
12892:Lelio Basso
12888:(1946–1947)
12882:(1945–1946)
12870:(1943–1945)
12864:(1942–1943)
12858:(1939–1942)
12844:(1933–1939)
12838:(1930–1932)
12832:(1925–1930)
12826:(1923–1925)
12820:(1921–1923)
12808:(1920–1921)
12802:(1919–1920)
12790:(1918–1919)
12778:(1912–1918)
12772:(1908–1912)
12766:(1906–1908)
12760:(1904–1906)
12754:(1900–1904)
12748:(1899–1900)
12742:(1898–1899)
12736:(1896–1898)
12724:(1895–1896)
12718:(1892–1894)
12657:(1976–1980)
12651:(1947–1948)
12590:Derivatives
12581:Migliorismo
12501:(1944–1991)
12493:(1948–1953)
12485:(1946–1978)
12477:(1924–1991)
12454:(1989–1991)
12448:(1984–1989)
12442:(1980–1984)
12440:Guido Fanti
12436:(1979–1980)
12415:(1986–1991)
12409:(1983–1986)
12403:(1973–1986)
12397:(1958–1973)
12391:(1948–1958)
12370:(1990–1991)
12364:(1986–1990)
12358:(1981–1986)
12352:(1979–1981)
12346:(1972–1979)
12340:(1964–1972)
12334:(1947–1964)
12328:(1946–1947)
12326:Luigi Longo
12307:(1990–1991)
12301:(1989–1990)
12295:(1972–1980)
12293:Luigi Longo
12278:(1988–1991)
12272:(1984–1988)
12266:(1972–1984)
12260:(1964–1972)
12258:Luigi Longo
12254:(1938–1964)
12248:(1934–1938)
12242:(1930–1934)
12236:(1927–1930)
12230:(1924–1927)
12224:(1923–1924)
12218:(1922–1923)
12067:Netherlands
11583:Bodenplatte
11469:Gothic Line
10695:West Africa
10242:Philippines
10221:Netherlands
10086:Czech lands
10024:Switzerland
9968:Afghanistan
9912:Philippines
9780:Puerto Rico
9696:Philippines
9682:New Zealand
9668:Netherlands
9621:Free France
9372:Prosecution
9173:Osoaviakhim
9043:West Africa
9027:East Africa
8674:Conferences
8454:Italophilia
8414:Coat of arm
8364:Cinquecento
8240:Immigration
8190:Aristocracy
8055:Agriculture
7949:Nationality
7922:LGBT rights
7836:Earthquakes
7717:Mani pulite
7633:World War I
7576:Unification
7569:Late modern
7533:Renaissance
7378:Middle Ages
7371:Middle Ages
7348:Roman Italy
7115:Citizenship
6953:A Civil War
6768:"Chi Siamo"
6637:14 February
6174:MYmovies.it
6070:30 December
6029:30 December
5719:. Einaudi.
5233:Pavone 2006
5059:Ultima Voce
4949:Pavone 2006
4722:The Fascist
4624:Bebo's Girl
4338:Il Pioniere
4323:Liberazione
3964:Neo-Marxism
3954:Migliorismo
3722:Paolo Virno
3612:Nilde Iotti
3597:Luigi Longo
3353:Citizenship
3308:Mani pulite
3221:Young Italy
3040:Ostrogothic
2976:Roman Italy
2895:History of
2683:Leo Valiani
2671:Luigi Longo
2547:Luigi Gatti
2276:Bill Tilman
2200:Netherlands
2053:provisional
2022:Ada Gobetti
2010:Ada Gobetti
2006:Lina Merlin
2002:Laura Conti
1949:safe houses
1942:Urban areas
1931:mountaintop
1857:Countryside
1851:M1 carbines
1823:Lee–Enfield
1760:Bodeo M1889
1746:inventory:
1707:Gothic Line
1619:, 5,600 in
1539:Map of the
1460:Fourth Army
1444:monarchists
1113:Third Reich
887:Blackshirts
800:Carabinieri
554:Blackshirts
343:during the
180:Anti-nazism
13255:Categories
13010:Red Guards
12836:Ugo Coccia
12198:Leadership
12119:Yugoslavia
12062:Luxembourg
11904:by country
11683:West Hunan
11516:Pointblank
10852:Silver Fox
10838:Summer War
10591:Winter War
10570:Phoney War
10351:Azerbaijan
10312:Yugoslavia
10207:Luxembourg
10049:Resistance
9789:Yugoslavia
9654:Luxembourg
9456:Sook Ching
9252:War crimes
8854:Technology
8847:Opposition
8789:Lend-Lease
8766:Australian
8759:Home front
8717:Blitzkrieg
8667:Casualties
8658:Commanders
8630:Operations
8524:Traditions
8514:Television
8499:Philosophy
8464:Literature
8404:Cathedrals
8374:Settecento
8235:Healthcare
8200:Corruption
8195:Censorship
7954:Parliament
7912:Government
7712:Maxi Trial
7660:Resistance
7389:Ostrogoths
7321:Messapians
7206:Villanovan
7196:Prehistory
7189:Prehistory
6878:23 January
6852:21 October
6830:22 October
6804:22 October
6540:2 November
6403:, p.
6401:Payne 2011
4919:References
4911:Wild Blood
4715:The Fallen
4557:Bella Ciao
4406:Bella ciao
4224:Front Line
4099:CARC Party
4075:Subalterns
4069:Solidarity
4064:Secularism
3996:Principles
3974:Trotskyism
3892:Autonomism
3881:Ideologies
3837:Hot Autumn
3301:Maxi Trial
3184:Napoleonic
2839:Bella ciao
2762:Bella ciao
2705:and other
2647:rump state
2573:Casualties
2517:square in
2390:, and the
2353:Liberation
2184:See also:
2033:See also:
1994:Lina Fibbi
1964:See also:
1727:, and the
1529:See also:
1509:anarchists
1396:republican
1378:Later the
1243:after the
1195:Resistenza
1137:Dodecanese
1135:and other
1000:) and six
894:Granatieri
877:, Marshal
861:drop zones
742:See also:
676:(English:
656:La Libertà
646:(English:
597:wrote his
461:Background
411:partigiani
395:partigiani
358:Resistenza
325:Resistenza
312:pronounced
245:Monarchism
205:Liberalism
170:Patriotism
13206:Alliances
12708:Secretary
12642:Alliances
12571:Bordigism
12498:Rinascita
12490:Pattuglia
12482:Vie Nuove
12286:President
12143:See also:
12129:Macedonia
12057:Lithuania
11748:Manchuria
11634:Indochina
11410:Bagration
10861:Lithuania
10506:Anschluss
10303:Viet Minh
10200:Lithuania
10142:Hong Kong
9905:Manchukuo
9860:Azad Hind
9519:Australia
9319:Aftermath
9182:Paperclip
9077:Aftermath
8877:Total war
8745:Diplomacy
8708:In Europe
8484:Mythology
8459:Libraries
8379:Ottocento
8321:Terrorism
8262:Languages
8215:Education
8137:Transport
8087:Companies
7994:Provinces
7964:President
7929:Judiciary
7902:Elections
7814:Volcanoes
7809:Volcanism
7802:Apennines
7787:Mountains
7755:Peninsula
7738:Geography
7669:Civil War
7394:Byzantium
7301:Etruscans
7236:Canegrate
7231:Golasecca
7216:Rinaldone
7211:Terramare
7201:Neolithic
6592:interview
6373:interview
6247:cite book
6241:. Oxford.
5981:, p. 433.
5939:cite book
5933:. Berlin.
5910:cite book
5839:, p. 424.
4743:Gangsters
4378:Vie Nuove
4363:Rinascita
4333:Pattuglia
3984:Workerism
3942:Stalinism
3897:Bordigism
3852:Moro case
3495:Communism
3275:Partisans
3030:Odoacer's
2988:Optimates
2982:Populares
2799:Partisans
2738:Aftermath
2653:and the
2282:, former
2180:Civil war
1831:Sten guns
1813:from the
1772:Breda M37
1758:pistols,
1680:divisione
1571:Po Valley
1569:area and
1491:azionista
1436:Matteotti
1176:Cefalonia
1161:Luftwaffe
1157:Wehrmacht
1101:Cefalonia
1018:Fl.C.3099
1014:Fl.C.3046
1002:Luftwaffe
998:blockship
963:Commander
451:democracy
400:partisans
381:Waffen-SS
373:Wehrmacht
267:Opponents
195:Anarchism
190:Socialism
185:Communism
12556:Tolyatti
12134:Slovenia
12110:Taganrog
12015:Slovakia
11997:Bulgaria
11944:Bulgaria
11859:Category
11808:document
11718:document
11575:Ardennes
11559:Budapest
11507:Crossbow
11385:Overlord
11224:Smolensk
10442:Timeline
10277:Slovakia
10263:Thailand
10114:Ethiopia
10079:Bulgaria
10003:Portugal
9934:Thailand
9816:Bulgaria
9594:Eswatini
9587:Ethiopia
9540:Bulgaria
9365:Unit 731
9326:Response
9143:Keelhaul
9093:Cold War
9066:Americas
9057:timeline
9050:Atlantic
8930:Theaters
8562:Category
8449:Internet
8439:Folklore
8369:Seicento
8354:Trecento
8349:Duecento
8311:Religion
8272:Regional
8250:Italians
8225:Gambling
8117:Taxation
7944:Military
7885:Politics
7687:Republic
7474:Florence
7399:Lombards
7338:Republic
7284:Samnites
7279:Picentes
7221:Apennine
7180:Railways
7160:Military
7108:By topic
7092:Overview
7076:articles
6950:(2006).
6782:14 April
6590:See the
6180:30 March
5783:(2016).
5751:14 April
5700:23 April
5647:25 April
5626:25 April
5602:25 April
5576:25 April
5555:25 April
5529:25 April
5508:25 April
5487:25 April
5466:25 April
5435:25 April
5400:25 April
5065:23 March
5009:Archived
4982:Archived
4348:La Plebe
4044:Feminism
3927:Leninism
3487:a series
3485:Part of
3434:Timeline
3398:Military
3346:By topic
3285:Republic
3269:Fascist
3240:Monarchy
3195:Republic
3107:Medieval
3085:Germanic
3070:Frankish
2965:Republic
2886:a series
2884:Part of
2876:See also
2773:Today's
2637:and the
2607:Florence
2339:Capuchin
2222:'s book
1987:patriote
1919:reprisal
1825:rifles,
1811:en masse
1768:Breda 30
1750:rifles,
1721:sabotage
1703:Piacenza
1699:Po River
1643:Florence
1625:Lombardy
1601:Piedmont
1567:Apennine
1487:Catholic
1481:command
1464:autonomi
1401:party),
1322:Barletta
1212:and the
1026:Fl.C.528
1022:Fl.C.504
1010:Fl.B.538
1006:Fl.B.429
983:péniches
925:Piombino
883:Brindisi
837:and the
798:and the
757:In Italy
665:Flag of
469:Flag of
377:and the
162:Ideology
13065:Craxism
13015:Marxism
12997:Avanti!
12551:AvtoVAZ
12474:l'Unità
12124:Croatia
12101:Russia
12097:Moldova
12092:Belarus
12082:Romania
12037:Germany
12027:Estonia
12022:Denmark
11992:Belgium
11987:Austria
11982:Albania
11966:Ukraine
11961:Romania
11785:Shumshu
11552:Hungary
11499:Estonia
11483:Lapland
11461:Dragoon
11394:Neptune
11376:Ichi-Go
11342:Tempest
11284:Changde
11239:Cottage
11131:Jubilee
10847:Finland
10745:Compass
10451:Prelude
10404:Finland
10290:Vietnam
10256:Romania
10128:Germany
10107:Estonia
10093:Denmark
10072:Belgium
10065:Austria
10058:Albania
9989:Ireland
9975:Andorra
9959:Neutral
9919:Romania
9853:Hungary
9838:Finland
9710:Romania
9602:Finland
9580:Denmark
9526:Belgium
9512:Algeria
9218:Romania
9204:Hungary
8960:Pacific
8684:General
8638:Leaders
8623:Battles
8616:Outline
8519:Theatre
8494:Palaces
8474:Museums
8444:Gardens
8429:Fashion
8419:Cuisine
8399:Castles
8341:Culture
8291:Poverty
8267:Italian
8178:Society
8159:Welfare
8127:Tourism
8097:Exports
8065:Banking
8045:Economy
8033:Economy
7989:Regions
7871:Valleys
7841:Islands
7821:Beaches
7792:Prealps
7772:Geology
7760:Climate
7424:Normans
7384:Odoacer
7333:Kingdom
7316:Ligures
7252:Ancient
7226:Nuragic
7175:Postage
7150:Judaism
7140:Genetic
7130:Fashion
7125:Economy
7084:History
6772:Website
6476:19 June
6385:lessons
6379:on the
5189:11 June
5128:11 June
5038:7 April
4463:Craxism
4373:l'Unità
4368:Società
3764:History
3418:Railway
3413:Postage
3388:Judaism
3378:Genetic
3368:Fashion
3363:Economy
3331:present
3289:present
3258:Fascism
3200:Kingdom
3128:Normans
3060:Lombard
2959:Kingdom
2861:Fascism
2657:during
2457:Italian
2384:Bologna
2341:Father
2330:DELASEM
2310:Father
2248:Arcevia
2172:Soragna
2068:Gestapo
1837:(OSS):
1815:Beretta
1748:Carcano
1676:brigata
1668:squadra
1613:Tuscany
1605:Liguria
1573:of the
1559:Romagna
1470:led by
1229:Corsica
1059:VAS 208
943:Tuscany
530:Fascist
330:Italian
304:Italian
133:Motives
84:Leaders
50:Italian
13241:(1994)
12966:(1994)
12954:(1993)
12876:(1945)
12814:(1921)
12796:(1919)
12784:(1918)
12730:(1896)
12147:Jewish
12105:Crimea
12077:Poland
12072:Norway
12052:Latvia
12042:Greece
12032:France
11949:Poland
11762:Debate
11734:Taipei
11727:Borneo
11305:Tarawa
10499:Europe
10460:Africa
10249:Poland
10235:Norway
10214:Malaya
10193:Latvia
10135:Greece
10121:France
10017:Sweden
9982:Bhutan
9703:Poland
9689:Norway
9661:Mexico
9628:Greece
9614:France
9552:Canada
9533:Brazil
9503:Allies
9449:Serbia
9438:Poland
9211:Poland
9197:Baltic
8990:Europe
8692:Topics
8644:Allied
8550:
8424:Design
8409:Cinema
8384:Anthem
8306:Racism
8255:People
8230:Health
8092:Energy
8082:Brands
8009:Comune
8004:Cities
7866:Rivers
7826:Canals
7509:Amalfi
7494:Venice
7353:Empire
7294:Veneti
7269:Latins
7241:Latial
7074:
6981:
6960:
6936:
6754:442274
6752:
6717:19 May
6689:
6617:
6574:
6425:
6300:19 May
6275:
6148:
6093:
6001:
5852:
5795:
5767:"Home"
5723:
5672:
5357:
5290:12 May
5268:28 May
5180:
5153:
5119:
4862:Porzûs
4848:Paisan
3937:Maoism
3516:People
3234:Modern
3050:Vandal
2996:Empire
2888:on the
2857:Nazism
2693:, and
2681:, and
2378:(2007)
2286:pilot
2264:Nazism
2204:France
2202:, and
2198:, the
2196:Norway
2142:(1944)
2104:Croveo
2100:Ossola
2088:attack
2072:Xª MAS
2057:Ossola
2045:Rimini
1876:(2008)
1794:, and
1792:Lugers
1784:MG 42s
1780:MG 34s
1621:Veneto
1587:) and
1565:area,
1563:Alpine
1494:Osoppo
1411:Allies
1390:, the
1386:, the
1350:Naples
1225:Bastia
1208:, the
1204:, the
1165:Verona
1125:Rhodes
1046:Carbet
1034:Carbet
981:, the
854:Panzer
833:, the
829:, the
825:, the
821:, the
817:, the
750:, and
732:Franco
699:, and
478:fasces
261:Allies
253:Allies
78:, 1944
76:Ossola
46:
12047:Italy
11538:Leyte
11368:Narva
11354:Anzio
11312:Makin
11270:Burma
11154:Torch
11123:Rzhev
11084:Kiska
10170:Korea
10156:Japan
10149:Italy
10031:Tibet
10010:Spain
9881:Italy
9642:Italy
9635:India
9559:China
9434:Japan
9034:Italy
8946:China
8898:Women
8509:Sport
8479:Music
8469:Media
8331:Women
8205:Crime
8070:Banks
7846:Lakes
7831:Caves
7782:Flora
7777:Fauna
7499:Genoa
7484:Milan
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