108:
hydrocarbons. It was a flammable transparent liquid with clear or straw color, and a kerosene-like smell. It evaporated easily and floated on water. Although it had a low flash point (0 °F (−18 °C)), a lit match dropped into JP-4 would not ignite the mixture. JP-4 froze at −76 °F
120:
was added to the fuel to lower the charge buildup and decrease the corresponding risk of fires. Flow rates must be controlled, and all the equipment used must be electrically interconnected and well grounded.
324:
231:
116:
when being moved through pipes and tanks. As it is volatile and has a low flash point, the static discharge could cause a fire. Beginning in the mid-1980s an
374:
148:; the transition for USAF operations in Great Britain was made in 1979, and the change was completed throughout the USAF by the end of 1995.
339:
265:
Heaton, Kristin J.; Maule, Alexis L.; Smith, Kristen W.; Rodrigues, Ema G.; McClean, Michael D.; Proctor, Susan P. (September 2017).
195:
206:
42:
243:
144:
The desire for a less flammable, less hazardous fuel led the U.S. Air Force to phase out JP-4 in favor of
395:
133:
390:
105:
8:
129:
296:
113:
109:(−60 °C), and its maximum burning temperature was 6,670 °F (3,688 °C).
288:
89:
300:
266:
278:
117:
24:
196:"MIL-DTL-5624U Detail Specification: Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5"
368:
283:
82:
20:
384:
172:
81:, but was preferred because of its greater availability. It was the primary
292:
267:"JP8 exposure and neurocognitive performance among US Air Force personnel"
74:
19:
This article is about aviation fuel. For the
Jurassic Park sequel, see
335:
101:
70:
66:
38:
167:
162:
157:
145:
78:
46:
124:
Commercial aviation uses a similar mixture under the name
264:
239:
112:
JP-4 was a non-conductive liquid, prone to build up
226:
224:
370:Toxicological Profile for Jet Fuels JP-4 and JP-7
312:(MC-77, Swedish military fuel equivalent to JP-4)
382:
375:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
367:Faroon, Obaid; Mandell, Diane; Navarro, Hernan.
221:
190:
188:
282:
185:
383:
258:
317:
207:United States Department of Defense
43:United States Department of Defense
13:
23:. For the Roland synthesizer, see
14:
407:
242:. 18 October 2012. Archived from
128:, though without the additional
85:jet fuel between 1951 and 1995.
1:
361:
37:(for "Jet Propellant") was a
139:
7:
338:. p. 4. Archived from
284:10.1016/j.neuro.2017.07.001
151:
41:, specified in 1951 by the
10:
412:
95:
18:
232:"The History of Jet Fuel"
178:
60:
325:"Shell Aviation Fuels"
100:JP-4 was a mixture of
73:blend. It had a lower
53:. It is also known as
377:, Atlanta, June 1995.
130:corrosion inhibitors
92:equivalent of JP-4.
45:(MIL-DTL-5624). Its
345:on 19 December 2014
246:on October 18, 2012
396:1951 introductions
136:included in JP-4.
114:static electricity
65:JP-4 was a 50-50
403:
355:
354:
352:
350:
344:
329:
321:
315:
314:
309:
307:
286:
262:
256:
255:
253:
251:
228:
219:
218:
216:
214:
209:. 5 January 2004
200:
192:
134:icing inhibitors
118:antistatic agent
90:Swedish military
25:Roland Jupiter-4
411:
410:
406:
405:
404:
402:
401:
400:
381:
380:
364:
359:
358:
348:
346:
342:
327:
323:
322:
318:
305:
303:
271:NeuroToxicology
263:
259:
249:
247:
230:
229:
222:
212:
210:
198:
194:
193:
186:
181:
154:
142:
98:
63:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
409:
399:
398:
393:
391:Aviation fuels
379:
378:
363:
360:
357:
356:
316:
257:
220:
183:
182:
180:
177:
176:
175:
170:
165:
160:
153:
150:
141:
138:
97:
94:
83:U.S. Air Force
62:
59:
21:Jurassic World
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
408:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
386:
376:
372:
371:
366:
365:
341:
337:
333:
326:
320:
313:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
280:
276:
272:
268:
261:
245:
241:
237:
233:
227:
225:
208:
204:
203:everyspec.com
197:
191:
189:
184:
174:
173:Aviation fuel
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
149:
147:
137:
135:
131:
127:
122:
119:
115:
110:
107:
103:
93:
91:
88:MC-77 is the
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
369:
347:. Retrieved
340:the original
331:
319:
311:
304:. Retrieved
274:
270:
260:
248:. Retrieved
244:the original
235:
211:. Retrieved
202:
143:
125:
123:
111:
99:
87:
64:
54:
50:
34:
30:
29:
349:27 November
250:21 December
236:archive.org
213:27 November
75:flash point
385:Categories
362:References
332:shell.com
140:Phase-out
102:aliphatic
301:21660236
293:28687449
152:See also
106:aromatic
71:gasoline
67:kerosene
49:code is
39:jet fuel
16:Jet fuel
306:18 June
277:: 171.
96:Mixture
299:
291:
343:(PDF)
336:Shell
328:(PDF)
297:S2CID
199:(PDF)
179:Notes
126:Jet-B
77:than
61:Usage
55:avtag
33:, or
351:2014
308:2020
289:PMID
252:2014
215:2014
168:JPTS
163:JP-8
158:JP-7
146:JP-8
132:and
104:and
79:JP-1
51:F-40
47:NATO
31:JP-4
279:doi
35:JP4
387::
373:.
334:.
330:.
310:.
295:.
287:.
275:62
273:.
269:.
240:BP
238:.
234:.
223:^
205:.
201:.
187:^
57:.
353:.
281::
254:.
217:.
69:-
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.