518:", which is an agreed-upon delay between the current volume of the journal and the latest volume available on JSTOR. This time period is specified by agreement between JSTOR and the publisher of the journal, which usually is three to five years. Publishers may request that the period of a "moving wall" be changed or request discontinuation of coverage. Formerly, publishers also could request that the "moving wall" be changed to a "fixed wall"—a specified date after which JSTOR would not add new volumes to its database. As of November 2010, "fixed wall" agreements were still in effect with three publishers of 29 journals made available online through sites controlled by the publishers.
2203:
614:
172:
600:
479:'s data network to bulk-download a substantial portion of JSTOR's collection of academic journal articles. When the bulk-download was discovered, a video camera was placed in the room to film the mysterious visitor and the relevant computer was left untouched. Once video was captured of the visitor, the download was stopped and Swartz was identified. Rather than pursue a civil lawsuit against him, in June 2011 JSTOR reached a settlement wherein Swartz surrendered the downloaded data.
304:, Princeton University's vice president for Computing and Information Technology, convinced Bowen that CD-ROM was becoming an increasingly outdated technology and that network distribution could eliminate redundancy and increase accessibility (for example, all Princeton's administrative and academic buildings were networked by 1989; the student dormitory network was completed in 1994; and campus networks like the one at Princeton were, in turn, linked to larger networks such as
628:
29:
297:, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a comprehensive collection of journals. By digitizing many journal titles, JSTOR allowed libraries to outsource the storage of journals with the confidence that they would remain available long-term. Online access and full-text searchability improved access dramatically.
418:
and conservation studies. The materials on JSTOR Plant
Science are contributed through the Global Plants Initiative (GPI) and are accessible only to JSTOR and GPI members. Two partner networks are contributing to this: the African Plants Initiative, which focuses on plants from Africa, and the Latin American Plants Initiative, which contributes plants from Latin America.
542:) to archived articles for individuals who register for the service. At the conclusion of the pilot, in January 2013, JSTOR expanded Register & Read from an initial 76 publishers to include about 1,200 journals from over 700 publishers. Registered readers may read up to six articles online every calendar month, but may not print or download PDFs.
529:
Beginning
September 6, 2011, JSTOR made public domain content available at no charge to the public. This "Early Journal Content" program constitutes about 6% of JSTOR's total content, and includes over 500,000 documents from more than 200 journals that were published before 1923 in the United States,
417:
JSTOR Plant
Science is available in addition to the main site. JSTOR Plant Science provides access to content such as plant type specimens, taxonomic structures, scientific literature, and related materials and aimed at those researching, teaching, or studying botany, biology, ecology, environmental,
564:
In 2012, JSTOR users performed nearly 152 million searches, with more than 113 million article views and 73.5 million article downloads. JSTOR has been used as a resource for linguistics research to investigate trends in language use over time and also to analyze gender differences and inequities in
501:
Swartz surrendered to authorities, pleaded not guilty to all counts, and was released on $ 100,000 bail. In
September 2012, U.S. attorneys increased the number of charges against Swartz from four to thirteen, with a possible penalty of 35 years in prison and $ 1 million in fines. The case still was
443:
JSTOR is licensed mainly to academic institutions, public libraries, research institutions, museums, and schools. More than 7,000 institutions in more than 150 countries have access. JSTOR has been running a pilot program of allowing subscribing institutions to provide access to their alumni, in
444:
addition to current students and staff. The Alumni Access
Program officially launched in January 2013. Individual subscriptions also are available to certain journal titles through the journal publisher. Every year, JSTOR blocks 150 million attempts by non-subscribers to read articles.
534:
of the same content led JSTOR to "press ahead" with the initiative. As of 2017, JSTOR does not have plans to extend it to other public domain content, stating that "We do not believe that just because something is in the public domain, it can always be provided for free".
312:). JSTOR was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites, and originally encompassed ten economics and history journals. JSTOR access improved based on feedback from its initial sites, and it became a fully searchable index accessible from any ordinary
398:
service. This site offers a search facility with graphical indication of the article coverage and loose integration into the main JSTOR site. Users may create focused sets of articles and then request a dataset containing word and
1344:
565:
scholarly publishing, revealing that in certain fields, men predominate in the prestigious first and last author positions and that women are significantly underrepresented as authors of single-authored papers.
1706:
1670:
319:
With the success of this limited project, Bowen, Fuchs, and Kevin
Guthrie, the then-president of JSTOR, wanted to expand the number of participating journals. They met with representatives of the
1762:
1098:
1891:
428:, an online magazine meant to bring academic research to a broader audience. Posted articles are generally based on JSTOR entries, and some entries provide the backstory to current events.
421:
JSTOR launched its Books at JSTOR program in
November 2012, adding 15,000 current and backlist books to its site. The books are linked with reviews and from citations in journal articles.
2093:
Gauger, Barbara J.; Kacena, Carolyn (2006). "JSTOR usage data and what it can tell us about ourselves: is there predictability based on historical use by libraries of similar size?".
1799:
1239:
2274:
262:
back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary sources as well as current issues of journals in the humanities and social sciences. It provides
1341:
530:
and before 1870 in other countries. JSTOR stated that it had been working on making this material free for some time. The Swartz controversy and Greg
Maxwell's protest
1858:
2284:
1825:
1032:
431:
Reveal
Digital is a JSTOR-hosted collection of documents produced by or about underground, marginalized and dissenting 20th century communities. Reveal Digital's
1458:
1678:
1714:
1058:
451:. According to Harvard Law professor, JSTOR had been asked "how much would it cost to make this available to the whole world, how much would we need to pay."
2269:
1516:
1391:
2294:
1736:
1766:
1094:
832:
494:, and recklessly damaging a protected computer. Prosecutors in the case claimed that Swartz acted with the intention of making the papers available on
329:
dating from its beginning in 1665. The work of adding these volumes to JSTOR was completed by
December 2000. In 1999 JSTOR started a partnership with
1881:
390:
In addition to the main site, the JSTOR labs group operates an open service that allows access to the contents of the archives for the purposes of
1427:
379:
contains more than 12 million journal articles, in more than 75 disciplines. Each object is uniquely identified by an integer value, starting at
325:
2217:—Free individual registration, offering free read-only access (no printing or saving) to three articles every two weeks (seventy-eight per year)
767:
JSTOR means journal storage, which is an online service created in 1994 to provide electronic access to an extensive array of academic journals.
1566:
2214:
1539:
435:
content includes zines, prison newspapers, AIDS art, student-movement documents, black civil rights materials, and a white supremacy archive.
2279:
2239:
682:
293:
from 1972 to 1988, founded JSTOR in 1994. JSTOR was originally conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially
1202:
1963:
2299:
1789:
1160:
414:
formats. The service does not offer full-text, although academics may request that from JSTOR, subject to a non-disclosure agreement.
1316:
1229:
1612:
1638:
2264:
1489:
1591:
1367:
337:
to make the JSTOR database available to over 20 higher education institutions in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2259:
889:
476:
1848:
754:
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805:
2249:
672:
1821:
1450:
1010:
2137:
2066:
1958:
748:
240:
1268:
1512:
1069:
1387:
711:
466:
515:
460:
183:
1985:
West, Jevin D.; Jacquet, Jennifer; King, Molly M.; Correll, Shelley J.; Bergstrom, Carl T. (July 22, 2013).
1543:
1177:
840:
538:
In January 2012, JSTOR started a pilot program, "Register & Read", offering limited no-cost access (not
2244:
1294:
521:
In 2010, JSTOR started adding current issues of certain journals through its Current Scholarship Program.
406:
frequencies and basic metadata. They are notified when the dataset is ready and may download it in either
341:
267:
69:
1419:
1882:"Knowledge Library Program Expands With More Accounts from JSTOR, Credo, and Other Database Providers"
1206:
1141:
1558:
495:
2289:
1122:
585:
334:
2211:—Searchable database, includes many public libraries offering free access to library card holders
2114:
Seeds, Robert S. (November 2002). "Impact of a digital archive (JSTOR) on print collection use".
1913:
Shapiro, Fred R. (1998). "A Study in Computer-Assisted Lexicology: Evidence on the Emergence of
1953:
411:
376:
345:
76:
1420:"Aaron Swartz, Internet Pioneer, Found Dead Amid Prosecutor 'Bullying' In Unconventional Case"
344:
funded JSTOR initially. Until January 2009, JSTOR operated as an independent, self-sustaining
1157:
2008:
662:
633:
475:, an American computer programmer, writer, political organizer and Internet activist, used
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290:
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8:
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2012:
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of academic journals, books, and primary sources founded in 1994. Originally containing
171:
2154:
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1998:
1986:
1934:
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1481:
941:
933:
895:
787:
667:
361:
1587:
1364:
545:
In 2013, more than 8,000 institutions in more than 160 countries had access to JSTOR.
2158:
2036:
1917:
as a Sentence Adverb from the JSTOR Journal Archive and Other Electronic Resources".
985:
960:
885:
744:
647:
605:
553:
491:
945:
613:
316:. Special software was put in place to make pictures and graphs clear and readable.
2224:
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2123:
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2026:
2016:
1926:
1794:
1540:"Alleged Hacker Charged with Stealing over Four Million Documents from MIT Network"
975:
925:
364:
take full advantage of rapidly advancing information and networking technologies".
294:
286:
263:
214:
81:
1559:"Feds Charge Activist with 13 Felonies for Rogue Downloading of Academic Articles"
2021:
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41:
809:
59:
2179:
2127:
2106:
1504:
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2221:
JSTOR Early Journal Content : Free Texts : Download & Streaming
1671:"JSTOR–Free Access to Early Journal Content and Serving 'Unaffiliated' Users"
989:
349:
320:
271:
2208:
576:
dump, which as of 2020 identifies nearly 3 million works hosted by JSTOR as
2040:
1006:
929:
854:
687:
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472:
2150:
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1342:
Every Year, JSTOR Turns Away 150 Million Attempts to Read Journal Articles
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448:
432:
391:
313:
275:
142:
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791:
737:
Douglas F. Morgan; Marcus D. Ingle; Craig W. Shinn (September 3, 2018).
360:—a nonprofit organization founded in 2003 and "dedicated to helping the
1234:
1039:
552:, whereby established editors are given reading privileges through the
487:
483:
2166:
Spinella, Michael (2008). "JSTOR and the changing digital landscape".
1938:
937:
980:
715:
573:
482:
The following month, federal authorities charged Swartz with several
301:
259:
1707:"JSTOR Announces Free Access to 500K Public Domain Journal Articles"
300:
Bowen initially considered using CD-ROMs for distribution. However,
28:
1930:
1599:
1230:"Opening up the archives: JSTOR wants to tie a library to the news"
569:
309:
2003:
961:"JSTOR: Large Scale Digitization of Journals in the United States"
2135:
Spinella, Michael P. (2007). "JSTOR: Past, Present, and Future".
652:
1290:
916:
Taylor, John (2001). "JSTOR: An Electronic Archive from 1665".
514:
The availability of most journals on JSTOR is controlled by a "
447:
Inquiries have been made about the possibility of making JSTOR
400:
305:
1418:
Carter, Zach; Grim, Ryan; Reilly, Ryan J. (January 12, 2013).
1095:"Citation Management: Permanently Linking to Content on JSTOR"
2056:"It's time to insist on #openinfrastructure for #openscience"
1178:"Global Plants Initiative (GPI) | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"
677:
657:
642:
740:
New Public Leadership: Making a Difference from Where We Sit
232:
1138:
375:
JSTOR content is provided by more than 900 publishers. The
330:
223:
136:
490:, computer fraud, unlawfully obtaining information from a
220:
2196:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1365:
Lessig on "Aaron's Laws—Law and Justice in a Digital Age"
407:
384:
162:
2215:
How to Register & Get Free Access to Content (JSTOR)
1119:
1588:"Aaron Swartz, internet freedom activist, dies aged 26"
1374:. YouTube (February 20, 2013). Retrieved on 2014-04-12.
1984:
1657:
1542:. The United States Attorney's Office". Archived from
467:
Aaron Swartz § United States v. Aaron Swartz case
2275:
Educational publishing companies of the United States
1849:"Librarypedia: The Future of Libraries and Knowledge"
782:
Genicot, Léopold (February 13, 2012). "At a glance".
241:
226:
1847:
Orlowitz, Jake; Earley, Patrick (January 25, 2014).
1482:"Open-Access Advocate Is Arrested for Huge Download"
1388:"JSTOR Statement: Misuse Incident and Criminal Case"
595:
229:
217:
92:
2209:Libraries and institutions offering access (JSTOR)
877:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1382:
1380:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1025:
2231:
1513:"Feds: Harvard fellow hacked millions of papers"
1451:"Internet activist charged in M.I.T. data theft"
1417:
918:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
2285:Non-profit organizations based in New York City
1729:
1473:
1203:"A New Chapter Begins: Books at JSTOR Launches"
326:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1846:
1693:
1377:
1046:
777:
775:
706:
704:
884:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
683:List of academic databases and search engines
51:English (includes content in other languages)
16:Distributor of ebooks and other digital media
2270:Educational institutions established in 1995
2092:
1987:"The Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship"
1413:
1411:
1409:
772:
701:
524:
367:In 2019, JSTOR's revenue was $ 79 million.
2295:Organizations based in Ann Arbor, Michigan
2201:
1906:
1531:
1205:. JSTOR. November 12, 2012. Archived from
1033:"Form 990 for period ending December 2019"
1001:
999:
580:, as opposed to over 200,000 available in
323:and an agreement was made to digitize the
170:
2030:
2020:
2002:
1763:"About JSTOR: Frequently Asked Questions"
979:
875:
266:of almost 2,000 journals. Most access is
2165:
2134:
1479:
1406:
911:
909:
454:
2053:
1912:
1787:
1556:
1510:
996:
958:
781:
356:. Then JSTOR merged with the nonprofit
2232:
1951:
1894:from the original on December 20, 2014
1861:from the original on December 20, 2014
1788:Tilsley, Alexandra (January 9, 2013).
1569:from the original on February 19, 2014
1448:
1442:
1297:from the original on November 30, 2012
1227:
1013:from the original on December 29, 2022
915:
830:
2113:
1879:
1668:
1557:Kravets, David (September 18, 2012).
1550:
1537:
1519:from the original on January 16, 2013
1455:Bits Blog, The New York Times website
1430:from the original on January 20, 2013
1394:from the original on January 12, 2013
1259:
1257:
1242:from the original on October 11, 2017
906:
278:content is available free of charge.
2280:Full-text scholarly online databases
2240:1995 establishments in New York City
1966:from the original on January 6, 2015
1802:from the original on January 6, 2015
1704:
1605:
1101:from the original on October 9, 2021
568:JSTOR metadata is available through
333:and created a mirror website at the
1954:"Scholarly Publishing's Gender Gap"
1828:from the original on March 26, 2018
1271:from the original on April 27, 2023
757:from the original on August 3, 2020
673:Japanese Historical Text Initiative
383:, which is used to create a stable
331:Joint Information Systems Committee
13:
2168:Interlending & Document Supply
2085:
2069:from the original on June 30, 2020
1952:Wilson, Robin (October 22, 2012).
1669:Brown, Laura (September 7, 2011).
1492:from the original on July 22, 2011
1461:from the original on July 21, 2011
1254:
548:As of 2014, JSTOR is conducting a
424:In September 2014, JSTOR launched
14:
2311:
2300:Organizations established in 1995
2188:
2138:Journal of Library Administration
1959:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1790:"Journal Archive Opens Up (Some)"
1705:Rapp, David (September 7, 2011).
295:research and university libraries
1480:Schwartz, John (July 19, 2011).
1068:. March 19, 2013. Archived from
626:
612:
598:
556:, as with a university library.
213:
27:
2047:
1978:
1945:
1873:
1840:
1814:
1781:
1755:
1631:
1581:
1538:Ortiz, Carmen (July 19, 2011).
1358:
1335:
1309:
1283:
1221:
1195:
1170:
1151:
1132:
1113:
1087:
196:/115007466248-JSTOR-Title-Lists
2265:Databases in the United States
2054:Heather (September 14, 2018).
1511:Lindsay, Jay (July 19, 2011).
1449:Bilton, Nick (July 19, 2011).
952:
869:
847:
824:
798:
730:
509:
1:
1880:Price, Gary (June 22, 2014).
1355:. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
694:
471:In late 2010 and early 2011,
461:United States v. Aaron Swartz
2260:Commercial digital libraries
2022:10.1371/journal.pone.0066212
1007:"About: Mission and history"
876:Schonfeld, Roger C. (2003).
855:"About: Mission and history"
584:(mainly through third party
550:pilot program with Knowledge
7:
2255:Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
2095:OCLC Systems & Services
1822:"My JSTOR Read Online Free"
591:
486:–related crimes, including
342:Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
115:; 30 years ago
70:Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
10:
2316:
2250:American digital libraries
1347:November 16, 2016, at the
1317:"Individual subscriptions"
1144:December 26, 2010, at the
1125:September 2, 2011, at the
959:Guthrie, Kevin M. (1999).
831:Leitch, Alexander (1978).
464:
458:
370:
281:
2180:10.1108/02641610810878549
2128:10.1108/01604950210434551
2107:10.1108/10650750610640801
1594:January 13, 2013, at the
1163:December 8, 2015, at the
743:. Routledge. p. 82.
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87:
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65:
55:
47:
35:
26:
1639:"About current journals"
1390:. JSTOR. July 19, 2011.
1158:Global Plants Initiative
806:"Register and read beta"
714:. Ithaka. Archived from
586:open access repositories
559:
525:Increasing public access
335:University of Manchester
270:but some of the site is
1765:. JSTOR. Archived from
1739:. JSTOR. Archived from
1737:"Early journal content"
1641:. JSTOR. Archived from
1615:. JSTOR. Archived from
1370:March 24, 2013, at the
1319:. JSTOR. Archived from
833:"Bowen, William Gordon"
321:Royal Society of London
1038:. Nonprofit Explorer.
930:10.1098/rsnr.2001.0135
496:P2P file-sharing sites
346:nonprofit organization
2151:10.1300/J111v46n02_05
1851:. The Digital Shift.
1717:on September 24, 2015
837:A Princeton Companion
786:(PDF) (45): 131–133.
455:Aaron Swartz incident
1645:on November 26, 2012
1515:. Associated Press.
1323:on September 8, 2012
1228:Lichterman, Joseph.
1075:on November 11, 2013
843:on October 11, 2017.
663:Digital preservation
634:New York City portal
502:pending when Swartz
358:Ithaka Harbors, Inc.
291:Princeton University
60:Ithaka Harbors, Inc.
2245:Academic publishing
2116:Collection Building
2013:2013PLoSO...866212W
1291:"Access for alumni"
1139:JSTOR Plant Science
354:Ann Arbor, Michigan
128:Current status
23:
1097:. Support. JSTOR.
812:on October 1, 2013
668:HAL (open archive)
492:protected computer
362:academic community
264:full-text searches
21:
1743:on August 6, 2012
1681:on April 15, 2013
1546:on July 24, 2011.
1209:on April 15, 2013
1120:Data for Research
891:978-0-691-11531-3
718:on April 30, 2012
606:Literature portal
554:Knowledge Library
506:in January 2013.
396:Data for Research
206:
205:
48:Available in
2307:
2225:Internet Archive
2205:
2200:
2199:
2197:Official website
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1795:Inside Higher Ed
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1774:
1759:
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1733:
1727:
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1713:. Archived from
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1677:. Archived from
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1655:
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1652:
1650:
1635:
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1626:
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1619:on June 25, 2012
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1265:"Reveal Digital"
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1059:"Annual Summary"
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983:
981:10.18352/lq.7546
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949:
913:
904:
903:
883:
880:JSTOR: A History
873:
867:
866:
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851:
845:
844:
839:. Archived from
828:
822:
821:
819:
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808:. Archived from
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394:analysis at its
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348:with offices in
287:William G. Bowen
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82:William G. Bowen
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24:
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