98:
364:
164:
349:
334:
379:
203:
moved to the corners of the card, a move which enabled players to "fan" a hand of cards without obscuring the individual suits and ranks. The earliest deck known of this type is from 1693, but such positioning did not become widespread until reintroduced by Hart in 1864, together with the knave-to-jack change. Books of card games published in the third quarter of the 19th century still referred to the "knave". Note the exclamation by
Estella in
31:
306:
with his series of Knaves, and in 1612 wrote "The Knave of Harts: Haile
Fellowe, Well Meet", where his "Supplication to Card-Makers" appears, thought to have been written to the English manufacturers who copied to the English decks the court figures created by the French. The Knave of Hearts appears as a thieving antagonist in the traditional children's poem
288:
deck, the knaves are unambiguously female and are also known as maids. As this deck also includes queens, it is the only traditional set to survive into modern times with two ranks of female face cards. This pack may have been influenced by the obsolete
Portuguese deck which also had female knaves.
252:
In the
English pattern, the jack and the other face cards represent no one in particular, in contrast to the historical French practice, in which each court card is said to represent a particular historical or mythological personage. The valets in the Paris pattern have traditionally been associated
202:
since the 17th century, but this usage was considered common or low class. However, because the card abbreviation for knave was so close to that of the king ("Kn" versus "K"), the two were easily confused. This confusion was even more pronounced after the markings indicating suits and rankings were
305:
is a series of
Satirical Tracts, with Introduction and Notes by E. F. Rimbault, upon the subject of playing cards. His "The Knave of Clubbs: Tis Merry When Knaves Meet" was first published in 1600, then again in 1609 and 1611. In accordance with a promise at the end of this book, Rowlands went on
213:: "He calls the knaves, jacks, this boy!" Knave was the proper term and it was considered uncouth to call them 'Jacks'. Nevertheless, in a few European countries, the equivalent of the name 'knave' for this card continues to the present. For example, in Denmark, it is the
197:
The term became more entrenched in card play when, in 1864, American cardmaker Samuel Hart published a deck using "J" instead of "Kn" to designate the lowest-ranking court card. The knave card had been called a jack as part of the terminology of the game
124:
card deck. This was the lowest of the three court cards and like all court cards was depicted through abstract art or calligraphy. When brought over to Italy and Spain, the
175:, still does. In the context of a royal household it meant a male servant without a specific role or skill; not a cook, gardener, coachman, etc. The French word
660:
403:
The jack, traditionally the lowest face card, has often been promoted to a higher or the highest position in the traditional ranking of cards, where the
784:
171:
As early as the mid-16th century the card was known in
England as the knave which originally meant 'boy or young man', as its German equivalent,
1993:
1988:
1983:
2032:
297:
The figure of the jack has been used in many literary works throughout history. Among these is one by 17th-century
English writer
2278:
1186:
986:
1931:
2391:
748:
738:
2409:
2373:
1534:
323:
deck (where the rank is known as the "valet"), and include the historical and mythological names associated with them. The
73:
dress, generally associated with Europe of the 16th or 17th century. The usual rank of a jack is between the ten and the
2313:
1125:
669:
1969:
1829:
1657:
900:
823:
370:
183:
656:, in which the playing card is a metaphor for an enthusiastic sexual partner with expertise-level "hand stuff" skills.
1749:
808:
2382:
1954:
1949:
24:
1627:
2271:
1864:
1477:
1278:
1157:
1152:
1140:
20:
1521:
2364:
2047:
1374:
719:
284:
In some southern
Italian decks, there are androgynous knaves that are sometimes referred to as maids. In the
160:
decks leaving the valet directly under the queen. The king-queen-valet format then made its way into
England.
2172:
1959:
871:
568:
407:
or king generally occupied the first rank. This is seen in the earliest known
European card games, such as
182:
The word 'Jack' was in common usage in the 16th and 17th centuries to mean any generic man or fellow, as in
2285:
2117:
1473:
1469:
638:
35:
1854:
1824:
1406:
1172:
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979:
82:
913:
1964:
1647:
1424:
676:
363:
308:
86:
2057:
1709:
757:
348:
2445:
1926:
1916:
1794:
1774:
1592:
1389:
550:
378:
121:
803:
Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society, p. 290, Rodney P. Carlisle - Sage Publications INC 2009
333:
1921:
1769:
1719:
1699:
701:
686:
2440:
2306:
1130:
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708:
530:
2243:
1612:
65:
which, in traditional French and English decks, pictures a man in the traditional or historic
2418:
2345:
2062:
2037:
1799:
1673:
1333:
1318:
1283:
1203:
1119:
1003:
932:
Put us in hats, our caps are worne thread-bare, Let us have standing collers, in the fashion;
145:
141:
848:
240:
family as well as some games of German origin where the Jacks play a significant role, e.g.
2337:
2128:
1369:
1355:
1343:
1323:
1273:
1135:
1080:
510:
78:
74:
930:
Good card-makers (if there be any goodness in you), Apparrell us with more respected care,
8:
2264:
2022:
1529:
1338:
1075:
241:
153:
2299:
2159:
2154:
1652:
764:
730:
555:
470:
209:
232:("farmer" or "peasant") often used for the Jacks, appears in English as the loanword,
2205:
2193:
2149:
2042:
2003:
1889:
1849:
1678:
1617:
1097:
1014:
804:
713:
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285:
258:
2257:
2250:
2215:
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1975:
1908:
1839:
1779:
1288:
926:
The Knave of Harts: Haile Fellowe, Well Meet, where his Supplication to Card-Makers
865:
836:
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692:
535:
420:
199:
1146:
1879:
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54:
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97:
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1944:
1844:
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1379:
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1027:
776:
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320:
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2138:
2079:
1869:
1764:
1759:
1694:
1642:
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1458:
1437:
1042:
995:
887:, by David Madore, with illustrations of the English and French court cards
854:
545:
163:
62:
1704:
480:
408:
19:"Jack of hearts" and "Knave of hearts" redirect here. For other uses, see
2330:
2164:
2111:
2106:
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1834:
1724:
1602:
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1162:
465:
398:
896:
819:
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1754:
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1258:
780:
540:
485:
445:
66:
133:
2183:
2008:
1804:
1744:
1587:
1328:
1102:
742:
525:
490:
30:
137:
1819:
1622:
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1251:
1237:
649:
520:
505:
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440:
385:
274:
70:
2143:
1714:
1637:
1221:
1214:
515:
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262:
964:
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1301:
1294:
1230:
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680:
455:
430:
412:
266:
237:
1582:
653:
327:
of jacks can be seen in the photo at the top of the article.
270:
176:
172:
157:
149:
1361:
475:
156:
and knight. The knight was subsequently dropped out of non-
236:, used for the top trumps (usually Jacks) in games of the
1058:
404:
148:) respectively. In France, where the card was called the
772:
first published in Russian under his pen name, V. Sirin
944:"Playing Cards - The Unicode Standard, Version 13.0"
125:
113:
101:
Knave of coins from the oldest known European deck (
835:Berry, John. (1998). "Frequently asked questions".
289:The modern Mexican pattern also has female knaves.
257:(a knight of Charlemagne and legendary hero of the
2432:
112:The earliest predecessor of the knave was the
1994:Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards
980:
1989:Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture
987:
973:
916:at Alta Carta. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
411:, as well as in more recent ones such as
265:(French warrior) for the Jack of Hearts;
679:, a group of artists founded in 1909 in
162:
96:
29:
2279:The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds
936:
2433:
1932:International Skat Players Association
415:. Games with such promotion include:
2033:Blackstone's Card Trick Without Cards
2016:
968:
739:Lily, Rosemary and the Jack of Hearts
152:, the queen was inserted between the
34:Jack cards of all four suits in the
2314:Violin and Playing Cards on a Table
1907:
392:
13:
1984:Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer
1970:International Playing-Card Society
1658:United States Playing Card Company
901:International Playing-Card Society
824:International Playing-Card Society
247:
186:(one who is good at many things),
14:
2457:
994:
273:) for the jack of diamonds; and
49:, in some games referred to as a
1955:Fournier Museum of Playing Cards
1950:Cary Collection of Playing Cards
850:Games and Fun with Playing Cards
670:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
377:
362:
347:
332:
319:The cards shown here are from a
314:
120:(second or under-deputy) in the
25:Knave of Hearts (disambiguation)
2272:Card Players in a Rich Interior
21:Jack of Hearts (disambiguation)
919:
906:
890:
876:
859:
842:
829:
813:
797:
567:The jacks are included in the
167:A 17th century Knave of Spades
136:(an infantry soldier) and the
77:. The Jack corresponds to the
1:
2173:The Phantom of the Card Table
1960:German Doppelkopf Association
1628:Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag
897:Tarocco Siciliano, early form
872:Urban Legends Reference Pages
790:
613:PLAYING CARD JACK OF DIAMONDS
562:
102:
2392:Patience and solitaire games
2286:Cardplayers in a Sunlit Room
2118:The Expert at the Card Table
903:. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
826:. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
639:List of poker hand nicknames
7:
2410:Tarot and Tarock card games
2374:Non trick-taking card games
1855:Richard Valentine Pitchford
1825:Master of the Playing Cards
734:, a 1919 short Western film
632:
599:PLAYING CARD JACK OF HEARTS
585:PLAYING CARD JACK OF SPADES
126:
114:
10:
2462:
1965:German Playing Card Museum
712:, a 1954 film directed by
689:", a traditional folk song
627:PLAYING CARD JACK OF CLUBS
396:
269:(mythological hero of the
261:) for the jack of spades;
92:
87:Swiss-suited playing cards
18:
2359:
2322:
2236:
2229:
2002:
1898:
1737:
1687:
1666:
1565:
1556:
1520:
1467:
1446:
1423:
1405:
1398:
1311:
1185:
1111:
1051:
1013:
1002:
928:by Samuel Rowlands (1600)
292:
1927:International Skat Court
1917:British Skat Association
2383:Trick-taking card games
1922:German Skat Association
1700:Bielefelder Spielkarten
884:Courts on playing cards
839:. Vol. 27-2. pp. 43-45.
783:, a group of musicians
702:Mobile Fighter G Gundam
281:for the jack of clubs.
228:The German nickname of
2307:Still Life with a Poem
1510:Guru (circular whirls)
179:means the same thing.
168:
109:
38:
2365:Historical card games
2346:Play Your Cards Right
2063:Twenty-One Card Trick
2038:The Circus Card Trick
1800:Johann Kaspar Hechtel
1126:Archaeology awareness
1120:Ambraser Hofjagdspiel
853:by Joseph Leeming on
253:with such figures as
166:
100:
33:
2129:History of cardistry
1613:J.O. Öberg & Son
1136:Flemish Hunting Deck
695:, the title used by
190:(a child's toy), or
16:Rank of playing card
2323:Film and television
2265:The Card Players II
2023:The Acme of Control
867:The Four King Truth
309:The Queen of Hearts
2300:Dogs Playing Poker
1865:Johann Georg Rauch
1653:U.S. Games Systems
1015:Playing card suits
765:King, Queen, Knave
731:The Jack of Hearts
699:in the 1994 anime
369:Jack of diamonds:
221:); in Sweden, the
210:Great Expectations
192:Jack-in-the-Pulpit
184:Jack-of-all-trades
169:
144:ranking below the
132:was made into the
110:
39:
2428:
2427:
2355:
2354:
2206:Si Stebbins stack
2070:
2069:
2048:Out of This World
2043:The Four Burglars
2004:Card manipulation
1940:
1939:
1890:Fusajiro Yamauchi
1850:Ferdinand Piatnik
1733:
1732:
1552:
1551:
1279:Portuguese-suited
1181:
1180:
1158:Most-wanted Iraqi
1141:Hamas most wanted
1098:Curse of Scotland
663:, a character in
451:Egyptian Ratscrew
259:chansons de geste
2453:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2258:The Card Players
2251:The Bezique Game
2234:
2233:
2216:Three-card monte
2095:Cards in the hat
2014:
2013:
1976:The Playing-Card
1905:
1904:
1840:Samuel J. Murray
1780:Thierry Depaulis
1563:
1562:
1447:German and Swiss
1403:
1402:
1209:Four-colour pack
1011:
1010:
989:
982:
975:
966:
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
948:
940:
934:
923:
917:
912:Scotoni, Ralph.
910:
904:
894:
888:
880:
874:
863:
857:
846:
840:
837:The Playing-Card
833:
827:
817:
811:
801:
785:see Donald Fagen
770:Vladimir Nabokov
693:Jack of Diamonds
687:Jack of Diamonds
677:Jack of Diamonds
628:
625:
622:
620:
614:
611:
608:
606:
600:
597:
594:
592:
586:
583:
580:
578:
393:Trickster figure
381:
366:
354:Jack of hearts:
351:
339:Jack of spades:
336:
217:, symbol B (for
131:
119:
107:
106: 1390–1410
104:
55:Tarot card games
2461:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2446:Judas Maccabeus
2431:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2351:
2318:
2225:
2066:
2006:
1998:
1936:
1900:
1894:
1880:Charles Troedel
1875:Howard Thurston
1795:Richard Harding
1729:
1710:Charles Goodall
1683:
1662:
1573:ASS Altenburger
1558:
1548:
1545:Tens of Myriads
1535:Strings of Cash
1522:Chinese (Money)
1516:
1463:
1442:
1419:
1394:
1307:
1188:
1177:
1107:
1086:Queen of spades
1047:
1005:
998:
993:
963:
962:
952:
950:
949:. Unicode. 2020
946:
942:
941:
937:
933:
931:
929:
924:
920:
914:Mexican Pattern
911:
907:
895:
891:
881:
877:
864:
860:
847:
843:
834:
830:
820:English pattern
818:
814:
802:
798:
793:
758:Đorđe Balašević
756:), an album by
722:(Jack Hart), a
709:Knave of Hearts
661:Knave of Hearts
635:
626:
623:
618:
617:
612:
609:
604:
603:
598:
595:
590:
589:
584:
581:
576:
575:
565:
560:
401:
395:
388:
384:Jack of clubs:
382:
373:
367:
358:
352:
343:
337:
325:English pattern
317:
303:The Four Knaves
299:Samuel Rowlands
295:
279:Judas Maccabeus
250:
248:Representations
205:Charles Dickens
188:Jack-in-the-box
105:
95:
36:English pattern
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2459:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2426:
2425:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2293:The Cardsharps
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2179:Second dealing
2176:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2141:
2136:
2134:House of cards
2131:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:Bottom dealing
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2028:Ambitious Card
2025:
2020:
2018:
2011:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:Franco Pratesi
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Sekiryo Kaneda
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1738:Notable people
1735:
1734:
1731:
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1728:
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1722:
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1504:
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1411:
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1400:
1396:
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1387:
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1377:
1372:
1367:
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1358:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1245:Hyakunin Isshu
1241:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1173:Transformation
1170:
1168:Stuttgart pack
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Jerry's Nugget
1150:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1115:
1113:
1112:Specific decks
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1008:
1000:
999:
992:
991:
984:
977:
969:
961:
960:
935:
918:
905:
889:
875:
858:
841:
828:
812:
795:
794:
792:
789:
788:
787:
773:
761:
745:
735:
727:
720:Jack of Hearts
716:
705:
697:George de Sand
690:
683:
673:
657:
646:
641:
634:
631:
630:
629:
615:
601:
587:
564:
561:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
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809:1-4129-6670-1
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779:", a song by
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777:Jack of Speed
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644:One-eyed jack
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315:Example cards
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2422:}}
2419:Occult tarot
2416:{{
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2407:{{
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2244:The Acrobats
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2139:One-way deck
2116:
2080:Card marking
2058:Spelling Bee
1974:
1870:Juan Tamariz
1775:Dan and Dave
1765:Derren Brown
1760:David Blaine
1695:Aspioti-ELKA
1643:Ravensburger
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1006:52-card deck
951:. Retrieved
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855:Google Books
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714:René Clément
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461:Five-hundred
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67:aristocratic
63:playing card
58:
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2331:Card Sharks
2221:Trick decks
2112:Double lift
2053:Rising Card
1835:Anton Moser
1830:John McLeod
1815:René Lavand
1770:Lewis Cohen
1750:Hubert Auer
1725:Waddingtons
1720:Lewis Cohen
1603:F.X. Schmid
1399:Other suits
1187:Other packs
1163:Politicards
466:Forty-fives
399:Jack (hero)
194:(a plant).
146:knight card
128:thānī nā'ib
116:thānī nā'ib
2435:Categories
2211:Spoke card
2160:mechanic's
2155:magician's
2146:and grips
2085:Card sharp
1899:Groups and
1885:Dai Vernon
1755:Bryan Berg
1578:Cartamundi
1559:and brands
1542:of Strings
1478:Portuguese
1329:Court card
1289:Tarot pack
1259:uta-garuta
791:References
781:Steely Dan
563:In Unicode
541:Spoil Five
531:Sheepshead
486:Klaberjass
446:Doppelkopf
2237:Paintings
2194:Gilbreath
2184:Shuffling
2150:gambler's
2009:cardistry
1805:Ricky Jay
1745:Lee Asher
1705:C.L. Wüst
1588:Dal Negro
1506:Japanese
1375:Nicknames
1189:and decks
1103:Beer card
1004:Standard
743:Bob Dylan
726:superhero
624:🃛
610:🃋
596:🂻
582:🂫
526:Schafkopf
491:Lanterloo
481:Karnöffel
421:All Fours
409:Karnöffel
207:'s novel
200:All Fours
1820:Ed Marlo
1623:Nintendo
1593:Fournier
1351:Pip card
1268:Kvitlech
1252:kabufuda
1238:hanafuda
1131:Charruan
1038:Diamonds
754:The Jack
752:(trans.
650:The Jack
633:See also
521:Reversis
511:Polignac
506:Pinochle
496:Marjolet
441:Cribbage
386:Lancelot
275:Lancelot
71:courtier
2107:Cutting
1715:Dondorf
1688:Defunct
1679:Grimaud
1674:Bicycle
1638:Piatnik
1618:Modiano
1540:Myriads
1474:Spanish
1470:Italian
1468:Latin (
1433:Shields
1390:Unicode
1284:Russian
1222:ganjapa
1215:Ganjifa
1204:Chinese
953:6 April
899:at the
870:at the
822:at the
619:U+1F0DB
605:U+1F0CB
591:U+1F0BB
577:U+1F0AB
516:Primero
436:Bezique
356:La Hire
263:La Hire
242:Reunion
93:History
61:, is a
2341:(1896)
2199:Zarrow
2165:Tenkai
2017:Tricks
1667:Brands
1608:Gemaco
1502:Swords
1497:Batons
1454:Acorns
1415:Leaves
1407:German
1334:knight
1319:Banner
1302:Zi pai
1295:Tujeon
1274:Polish
1231:Karuta
1198:As-Nas
1033:Hearts
1028:Spades
1019:French
807:
681:Moscow
621:
607:
593:
579:
556:Switch
471:Hearts
456:Euchre
431:Belote
413:Euchre
371:Hector
293:Poetry
267:Hector
238:euchre
122:Mamluk
83:German
2401:Poker
2144:Palms
1648:Trefl
1583:Copag
1492:Coins
1459:Bells
1438:Roses
1425:Swiss
1385:Talon
1370:Joker
1356:deuce
1344:Unter
1324:Blank
1312:Cards
1081:Queen
1052:Ranks
1043:Clubs
947:(PDF)
654:AC/DC
546:Sueca
501:Noddy
341:Ogier
271:Iliad
234:Bower
230:Bauer
223:knekt
219:Bonde
215:Knægt
177:valet
173:Knabe
158:Tarot
150:valet
134:fante
79:Unter
75:queen
59:Valet
57:as a
53:, in
51:Bower
47:Knave
2189:faro
2007:and
1909:Skat
1530:Cash
1487:Cups
1362:Weli
1339:Ober
1093:Jack
1076:King
955:2021
805:ISBN
718:The
675:The
659:The
536:Skat
476:Jass
426:Bête
154:king
142:page
138:sota
85:and
43:Jack
23:and
1059:Ace
749:Pub
667:'s
405:ace
277:or
140:(a
81:in
69:or
45:or
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103:c.
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41:A
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27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
