195:, Jacob followed him as his assistant, against his parents' wishes who had been told he was only going briefly to perform at a wedding. In addition, Drohobitch did not allow him to leave, telling him that he would not be able to cross the border back to Russia on his own. Nonetheless, during the three years he was living there, Jacob received an informal education in history, math and German from fellow boys who were enrolled in school there. It was there that he was exposed to socialist politics for the first time. After three years, when it came out that Jacob had been brought to Brody under false pretenses and forced to stay by Drohobitch, he was allowed to return home to Kremenetz. When he returned he was sixteen years old and felt out of place; he rejected an offer to become a butcher's apprentice, preferring to work in his father's carpentry workshop and study music, Russian and politics on his own time.
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and remarried to
Schaefer in New Jersey, and took up leadership of his choirs and orchestras there once again. However, he was arrested on the complaint of Simon Steinberg as the divorce paper from Mexico was not considered valid. It was only after the New York and Chicago singing societies raised a large amount of money to pay off Steinberg that he finally dropped his complaint. He and Lena returned to New York. Another difficulty in 1929 was that Lazar Weiner, founder of the New York section who had still been sharing conducting duties with Schaefer, came into a dispute with the Communist Party after preparing a programme for the Socialist Party. Weiner was expelled from the party and lost his leadership role in the
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466:, and in 1933 went to Moscow to represent his New York choir at the International Congress of Proletarian Musicians. There was even the suggestion of a Soviet tour by his New York choir, although it never happened in the end. Upon his return to New York in May 1933 the choir gave another concert at Carnegie Hall; Schaefer also toured around Chicago, Detroit, Toledo, and various other places. After 1933 Schaefer was also a member of a left-wing composer's organization called the Composers Collective which included
218:, they settled in Chicago, where Jacob started working as a carpenter once again. He met a man named Kerish in the carpentry workshop who shared his interest in music and who helped him get his first music gigs. Jacob soon started working as a substitute singer and part time synagogue choir director, and continued to study music theory under a local musician named Samuel Epstein. It was through his new higher-paying music jobs that in 1911 he was able to purchase his own piano for the first time in his life.
546:. And the following year a biography of Schaefer was published by the Jewish Workers Music Alliance. It was written by Israel Ber Bailin, a longtime friend of Schaefer's who had been involved in politics with him in Chicago and had long promised to write his biography. Other books published by the Alliance came out in later decades, including a collection of Schaefer's compositions entitled
210:. He entered into a relationship with a local girl Sonia Efrat against the wishes of her family, who were from a higher social class; she encouraged him to pursue his musical interests. Finding Kremenets an unsatisfactory environment for that, and not being able to get away from the hostility of her family, they traveled to
376:-affiliated singing societies as well. During his first two years in New York Schaefer also studied music theory under Frank Patterson. The choir soon grew quite large under his leadership and had several notable concerts of his works. It performed some of the pieces he had composed in Chicago such as
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singing societies. The
Alliance also published Schaefer's arrangements, partly to allow far-flung affiliate choirs to perform them, and also consulted with them about musical or organizational issues. For a time in 1928 he returned to Chicago once again with Lena, who had obtained a divorce in Mexico
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During 1922–3 he lived with a couple named the
Steinbergs; the wife, Lena (Leah) was a member of the choir and her husband Simon (Schlomo) was an administrative supporter although not a singer. During that time he and Lena began a relationship and she left Simon, causing several years of very public
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and other staples of socialist gatherings. After that, he entered into an ideological dispute with the choir's backers and did not compose any major works again until 1920. The gap in composition during that time is also sometimes attributed to the unexpected death in
January 1917 of his wife Sonia,
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who was visiting from New York to speak at a Bund event. Olgin was very impressed by the singing association and would later lend his support to help
Schaefer and others found similar singing groups in other cities. After this time he started traveling between Chicago, New York City and New Jersey,
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made its intentions known to found its own choir, the socialists did indeed found their singing society, inviting a long list of singers from various synagogue choirs. Schaefer, as both a left-wing working man and a reliable conductor, was recruited to lead it. That was how he ended up helping to
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and in particular the idea of piano accompaniment to singing, but had no outlet for his newfound interest. When he was 10 a new cantor Yankl
Drohobitch arrived in town; Jacob's mother convinced him to take on Jacob as a student and assistant, and he soon became the soloist in Drohobitch's choir.
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In his first few years in
Chicago he made a few unsuccessful attempts to found secular choirs. One of them in late 1911 was funded by the Hebrew Institute, which at that time was trying to attract a younger membership. However, the Institute reacted poorly to the workers' songs the choir was
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founded it and was its director in its early years, although some sources state that
Schaefer co-founded it. Schaefer began to compose for it and eventually took on a leadership role as well. Many members of the New York choir were garment workers. Schaefer soon founded a companion mandolin
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schools and studied music theory under David Menes. He returned to
Chicago in 1919, where he founded a socialist symphony orchestra and resumed leadership of the singing society. He brought his mother to Chicago in 1920, but she fell ill within six-month and died.
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It was in 1914 that
Schaefer decided to leave carpentry behind and devote himself completely to music. During the summer of 1914 there were extensive discussions among Jewish socialists in Chicago about the idea of founding a politically active singing society
119:-born Jewish American composer, political activist and choir director whose career ran from the 1910s to the 1930s. A committed Communist for the last two decades of his life, he founded and operated a number of workers' orchestras and choirs in Chicago and
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The financial backers of the singing society were initially nervous when he brought his own compositions for the group to sing; however, as his arrangements proved skillful and popular they soon began to support it. He soon founded an affiliated
338:(The twelve). The singing society performed it in 1923; it was his most ambitious work yet, and would later become a major piece with his New York choir as well. While still in Chicago, he also composed his next work
231:, likewise fell apart before long. Nonetheless, he became increasingly popular during this time as a piano accompanist, emerging composer, and synagogue choir director who could be relied upon to give good results.
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271:(Martyr's blood), which was based on poems by the Belarusian socialist poet Avrom Lesin. The concert was sold out, exceeding expectations. It was followed in November of the same year by his next work,
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disputes and legal cases between the two men. That public dispute contributed to Schaefer leaving Chicago for New York in around 1924, although he continued to go back and forth to debut new works.
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499:(Strike and revolt). This work, which included dance choreography and folk song arrangements, sought to portray scenes in the lives of workers via music collected by Soviet musicologist
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singing society; Schaefer, as an experienced conductor, urged the other Collective members to simplify their music to make it more accessible and singable for working class singers.
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orchestra, the Freiheit Mandolin Orchestra, as he had in Chicago. He also took leadership once again in the Paterson, N.J. and Brunswick choirs which had by now become
908:
Schaeffer, Jacob (1952). Cefkin, Misha; Green, Ber; Korenman, Irving R.; Novick, P.; Rauch, Maurice; Rubin, Ruth; Shain, Mendy; Yukelson, R.; Suller, Chaim (eds.).
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Jacobson, Marian (2006). "9. From Communism to Yiddishism: The Reinvention of the Jewish People's Philharmonic Chorus of New York City". In Ahlquist, Karen (ed.).
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orchestra, and dedicated himself to composing and arranging music for both of these ensembles. It was in April 1915 that the singing society performed his first
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1218:, Simon Steinberg was a Jewish immigrant from Mlynov, Russia (now Ukraine) and arrived in Chicago in about 1914. He married Lena Feldman in Milwaukee in 1911.
486:. The main function of the group, which was a spinoff of the Communist-affiliated Degeyter Club, was to compose new radical music for workers' choirs like the
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on December 1, 1936. His funeral was held at the Central Opera House on 67th St. and was attended by more than fifteen thousand people. He was buried at the
324:(Freedom singing society). Schaefer himself joined the Communist Party at this time and his compositional themes began to be more closely linked to the
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By 1921 the society broke with the Socialist Party and aligned itself with the Communist Party; Schaefer followed Olgin's suggestion and renamed it the
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and song arrangements which were performed by the ensembles he directed, as well as by their affiliated performing groups around the United States.
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Jacob learned the basics of music notation, composition and vocal technique from him. When Drohobitch left to become rabbi in a synagogue in
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singing society continued to perform his compositions. In December 1937 they also performed in a joint memorial event for Schaefer,
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In New York, he was very impressed by the first concert in 1924 of a new choir which was supported by Olgin and was also named the
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1673:"TRIBUTES ARE PAID TO THREE COMPOSERS: Gershwin, Hadley and Schaefer Works Offered in Program of WPA Theatre of Music".
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178:), which Jacob occasionally did as well even after emigrating.) Jacob had a traditional Jewish education, studying in a
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164:) on October 13, 1888. Jacob was born into a Jewish family of carpenters; his father, Moishe-Dovid, was a follower of
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who passed away during a minor operation. He also heard about his own father's death later in the same year.
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In around 1905 he tried to found a choir in Krememets, but did not have much success. In 1908 he joined the
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rehearsing and withdrew their support. A later workers' choir he conducted, which was affiliated with
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Despite his family misfortunes, he continued to throw himself into his work. In December 1917 he met
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in 1952 and an illustrated memorial book to mark the twentieth anniversary of his death in 1962.
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1056:"Jacob Schaefer discovered in New York, New York, U.S., Index to Death Certificates, 1862–1948"
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716:– Songs for Voice and Piano (International Workers Order, 1932, compiled by Jacob Schaefer)
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611:(Two brothers, performed in Chicago in 1923 and in New York in 1926, based on a work by
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In 1925 Schaefer helped found another organization, the Jewish Workers Music Alliance (
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and the Soviet project. His first project during this new era was based on a text by
182:. Being immersed in the local Hasidic music world, Jacob became interested in famous
172:, and his mother was named Hania-Chava. (His father spelled the family name Soifer (
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The cultural front : the laboring of American culture in the Twentieth Century
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The cultural front : the laboring of American culture in the Twentieth Century
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1028:"Jacob Soifer discovered in U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917–1918"
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there with the support of the Ukrainian Philharmonic and choirs from Kharkiv and
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1717:"Yaʼaḳov Sheyfer ilusṭrirṭer zamlbukh tsu zayn finf un tsvantsiḳsṭn yortsayṭ"
1324:(in Yiddish). New York: Idishin muziḳalishn arbeṭer-farband. pp. 83–110.
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and from there emigrated to the United States in 1910. After a brief stay in
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1593:(Illini books ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 158.
1204:(in Yiddish). New York: Idishin muziḳalishn arbeṭer-farband. pp. 73–82.
1153:(in Yiddish). New York: Idishin muziḳalishn arbeṭer-farband. pp. 44–72.
1101:(in Yiddish). New York: Idishin muziḳalishn arbeṭer-farband. pp. 33–42.
987:(in Yiddish). New York: Idishin muziḳalishn arbeṭer-farband. pp. 9–32.
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Freiheit Gezang Farein New York and Paterson Branches 1924 by Rotceps
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Passport to Jewish music : its history, traditions, and culture
503:. It was only performed by the choir after his death in 1937, after
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at the invitation of Soviet poet Itzik Feffer, where he premiered
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found one of the first Jewish folk choirs in the United States.
1493:(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's /Marek. pp. 223–4.
1371:(26). Summy-Birchard Publishing Company: 22. December 27, 1930.
816:(14). Summy-Birchard Publishing Company: 20. December 12, 1936.
599:(The twelve, composed 1922, performed 1927, based on a poem by
423:. This "revolutionary oratorio" incorporated poems selected by
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1568:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 111–2.
403:, which helped coordinate and support the growing network of
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1453:(19). Summy-Birchard Publishing Company: 14–5. May 13, 1933.
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1589:
Buhle, Paul; Buhle, Mari Jo; Georgakas, Dan, eds. (1992).
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The New Grove dictionary of American music, Volume 1 (A-D)
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A life on the Jewish Left : an immigrant's experience
631:(performed 1930, with text arranged from various poets by
332:, which Schaefer developed in 1922 into an oratorio named
1276:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 202–20.
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Advertisement for Freiheit Gezang Farein in Der Tog, 1924
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Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
1640:"Max Helfman to Lead Freiheit Gezang Concert May 13".
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1013:. Brooklyn, New York. December 2, 1936. p. 12A.
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1413:"Freiheit Chorus to Sing Oratorio by Own Conductor"
1170:(in Yiddish). New York: Iḳuf farlag. pp. 12–3.
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Perzenlekhkayṭn in der geshikhṭe fun Idn in Ameriḳe
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886:(in Yiddish). New York: Elisheva. pp. 5909–62.
671:(Strike and revolt, performed posthumously in 1937)
298:conducting various different choirs, including the
1543:(Paperback ed.). London: Verso. p. 293.
1514:Wiley Hitchcock, H.; Sadie, Stanley, eds. (1986).
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1468:(Paperback ed.). London: Verso. p. 66.
1419:. Vol. 10, no. 277. November 18, 1933.
929:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 207.
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1389:. Vol. 7, no. 303. December 19, 1930.
914:. New York: Idishe muziḳ farband. pp. 4–13.
507:had taken over for Schaefer, and again in 1938.
1247:"Asks Injunction to Prevent Wife from Marrying"
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510:Schaefer died of a heart attack at his home in
1566:Charles Seeger : a life in American music
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348:) which the singing society also performed.
1229:"SEEKS WRIT TO KEEP HIS WIFE FROM MARRYING"
880:Zylbercweig, Zalmen; Mestel, Jacob (1931).
415:In 1930 the choir debuted his new oratorio
1677:. New York. December 30, 1937. p. 13.
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1383:"ORATORIO "OCTOBER" SAT. NITE AT CARNEGIE"
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768:, 1937, by Jacob Schaefer and Max Helfman)
397:דער ייִדיש-מוזיקאַלישער אַרבעטער-פאַרבאַנד
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1662:. New york. December 7, 1936. p. 48.
1644:. Paterson, N. J. May 5, 1938. p. 7.
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776:: 22 Selected songs of Jacob Schaefer (
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1658:"JACOB SCHAEFER Music Leader Buried".
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1253:. Chicago. January 31, 1927. p. 3
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643:(composed and performed 1931, text by
623:(performed 1925, text by B. Shteinman)
727:Yidisher muzikalisher-arbeter farband
248:). Despite some misgivings, when the
1692:"Tsṿey un tsṿantsig geḳlibene lider"
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168:who knew many traditional songs and
1339:. Toronto: Onward Pub. p. 45.
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1009:"JACOB SCHAEFER, COMPOSER, DIES".
911:Tsṿey un tsṿantsig geḳlibene lider
344:(Two brothers, based on a work by
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1859:
1591:Encyclopedia of the American left
1321:Yaaḳov Sheyfer zayn lebn un shafn
1201:Yaaḳov Sheyfer zayn lebn un shafn
1150:Yaaḳov Sheyfer zayn lebn un shafn
1098:Yaaḳov Sheyfer zayn lebn un shafn
984:Yaaḳov Sheyfer zayn lebn un shafn
883:Leḳsiḳon fun Yidishn ṭeaṭer Vol 6
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304:choir in New York and another in
156:, Russian Empire (now located in
1318:Bailin, Israel Ber (1938). "5".
1198:Bailin, Israel Ber (1938). "4".
1147:Bailin, Israel Ber (1938). "3".
1095:Bailin, Israel Ber (1938). "2".
981:Bailin, Israel Ber (1938). "1".
388:at Carnegie Hall in April 1927.
382:at the Mecca Temple in 1926 and
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123:, including most famously the
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544:Works Progress Administration
454:In 1932 Schaefer traveled to
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245:sotsialistishn gezang-farayn
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1823:American conductors (music)
1564:Pescatello, Ann M. (1992).
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1361:"Freiheit Singing Society"
806:"OBITUARY. Jacob Schaefer"
754:, 1936, by Jacob Schaefer)
742:, 1935, by Jacob Schaefer)
730:, 1934, by Jacob Schaefer)
208:General Jewish Labour Bund
127:. He composed a number of
1818:Russian choral conductors
1808:Jewish American composers
1619:"Yiddish Folk Opera Sung"
1617:K., R. (March 13, 1937).
1539:Denning, Michael (1998).
1464:Denning, Michael (1998).
1335:Biderman, Morris (2000).
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493:His final major work was
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1443:"Freiheit Gezang Farein"
663:(text by Peretz Markish)
520:Suffolk County, New York
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516:New Montefiore Cemetery
1742:"Mit gezang tsum kamf"
925:Heskes, Irene (1994).
765:Yidisher muzik-farband
571:(Martyr's blood, 1915)
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365:Freiheit Gezang Farein
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321:Freiheit Gezang Farein
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125:Freiheit Gezang Farein
1833:People from Kremenets
699:Moissaye Joseph Olgin
668:A bunt mit a statshke
496:A bunt mit a statshke
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154:Volhynian Governorate
148:Schaefer was born in
95:Composer, carpenter,
62:Volhynian Governorate
1274:Chorus and community
713:Mit gezang tsum kamf
540:Henry Kimball Hadley
306:Paterson, New Jersey
1848:American communists
1721:Yiddish Book Center
640:Kein eintsikn shpan
115:, 1888–1936) was a
1675:The New York Times
633:Nathaniel Buchwald
620:Moshiakh ben Yosef
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427:from the works of
425:Nathaniel Buchwald
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326:October Revolution
283:The Internationale
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501:Moisei Beregovsky
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759:Gezang un kamf 5
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747:Gezang un kamf 4
737:
735:Gezang un kamf 3
729:
723:
721:Gezang un kamf 2
715:
706:Published scores
692:
685:
670:
662:
654:
642:
630:
622:
610:
598:
586:
578:
570:
551:
542:, funded by the
498:
476:Elie Siegmeister
441:Morris Rosenfeld
398:
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343:
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276:
270:
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114:
79:
76:December 1, 1936
54:October 13, 1888
53:
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39:
18:
17:
1863:
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1642:The Jewish Post
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1623:Musical Courier
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1447:Musical Courier
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1365:Musical Courier
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810:Musical Courier
804:
803:
792:
787:
773:"Ich Her a Kol"
708:
693:(Adaptation of
678:
576:Beyn hashmoshes
563:
558:
536:George Gershwin
528:
484:Marc Blitzstein
443:, and others.
367:. The composer
287:La Marseillaise
274:Beyn hashmoshes
224:
193:Austria-Hungary
166:Hasidic Judaism
158:Ternopil Oblast
146:
141:
97:choral director
87:
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645:Peretz Markish
636:
624:
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604:
601:Alexander Blok
592:
580:
572:
562:
559:
557:
556:Selected works
554:
527:
524:
468:Charles Seeger
437:Peretz Markish
330:Alexander Blok
223:
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145:
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105:Jacob Schaefer
100:
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93:
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80:(aged 48)
74:
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66:Russian Empire
56:
45:
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25:
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22:Jacob Schaefer
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690:Shturem foygl
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569:
568:Martirer blut
565:
564:
553:
550:
549:Ich Her a Kol
545:
541:
537:
533:
523:
521:
517:
513:
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477:
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421:Carnegie Hall
418:
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269:
268:Martirer blut
264:
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136:
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126:
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118:
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106:
98:
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92:Occupation(s)
90:
85:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
46:
42:
38:
33:
26:
19:
16:
1774:. Retrieved
1770:
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1745:
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1695:
1674:
1668:
1659:
1641:
1635:
1626:
1622:
1590:
1584:
1565:
1559:
1540:
1534:
1515:
1509:
1490:
1484:
1465:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1417:Daily Worker
1416:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1387:Daily Worker
1386:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1336:
1330:
1320:
1273:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1166:
1159:
1149:
1097:
1063:. Retrieved
1060:Ancestry.com
1059:
1035:. Retrieved
1032:Ancestry.com
1031:
1010:
983:
926:
920:
910:
882:
813:
809:
777:
751:
739:
660:Biro-Bidzhan
613:I. L. Peretz
608:Tsvey brider
589:Avrom Reyzen
584:Kirkhn-glokn
531:
529:
509:
492:
487:
472:Henry Cowell
459:
453:
429:Itzik Feffer
416:
414:
409:
404:
390:
379:Tsvey brider
373:
369:Lazar Weiner
362:
358:
346:I. L. Peretz
341:Tsvey brider
317:
311:Arbeter Ring
292:
255:
250:Arbeter Ring
233:
225:
222:Music career
205:
147:
104:
103:
78:(1936-12-01)
15:
1803:1936 deaths
1798:1888 births
1696:Archive.org
1011:Times Union
695:Maxim Gorky
683:Trupn geyen
505:Max Helfman
433:Leib Kvitko
279:World War I
1792:Categories
1660:Daily News
1600:0252062507
1550:1859841708
1525:0943818362
1500:0312169620
1475:1859841708
1346:0968693709
936:0313280355
785:References
229:Poale Zion
144:Early life
113:יעקב שײפער
50:1888-10-13
29:יעקב שײפער
596:Di tsvelf
561:Oratorios
512:The Bronx
385:Di tsvelf
335:Di tsvelf
216:Baltimore
150:Kremenets
139:Biography
133:oratorios
84:The Bronx
58:Kremenets
1421:Archived
1391:Archived
676:Cantatas
532:Freiheit
488:Freiheit
410:Freiheit
405:Freiheit
374:Freiheit
263:oratorio
259:mandolin
129:cantatas
121:New York
780:, 1952)
652:Geviter
628:Oktober
460:October
456:Kharkiv
417:October
412:choir.
393:Yiddish
237:Yiddish
184:cantors
162:Ukraine
117:Russian
109:Yiddish
1597:
1572:
1547:
1522:
1497:
1472:
1343:
1280:
933:
579:(1915)
538:, and
526:Legacy
482:, and
212:Bremen
180:Cheder
170:niguns
301:Harfe
189:Brody
1778:2022
1753:2022
1728:2022
1703:2022
1595:ISBN
1570:ISBN
1545:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1429:2022
1399:2022
1341:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1259:2022
1067:2022
1039:2022
931:ISBN
752:YMAF
740:YMAF
464:Kyiv
175:סופר
73:Died
44:Born
1627:115
1451:106
1369:101
814:114
778:YMF
518:in
419:at
1794::
1769:.
1744:.
1719:.
1694:.
1683:^
1650:^
1625:.
1621:.
1609:^
1449:.
1445:.
1415:.
1385:.
1367:.
1363:.
1292:^
1249:.
1231:.
1176:^
1107:^
1075:^
1058:.
1047:^
1030:.
1019:^
993:^
945:^
892:^
822:^
812:.
808:.
793:^
522:.
478:,
474:,
470:,
439:,
435:,
431:,
395::
285:,
265:,
239::
191:,
160:,
152:,
131:,
111::
64:,
60:,
1780:.
1755:.
1730:.
1705:.
1603:.
1578:.
1553:.
1528:.
1503:.
1478:.
1431:.
1401:.
1349:.
1286:.
1261:.
1069:.
1041:.
939:.
762:(
750:(
738:(
724:(
701:)
647:)
635:)
615:)
603:)
591:)
235:(
107:(
52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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