140:
33:
196:
Arriving at Bear Island again on 1 July, Rijp parted company, while
Heemskerck and Barents proceeded eastward, intending to pass round the northern extreme of Novaya Zemlya. On 26 August, they reached Ice Haven, after rounding the northern extremity of the land. Here their vessel became anchored
261:
J. K. J. de Jonge described
Heemskerck as "less of a rough sailor, more of a Drake or a Cavendish, a gentleman adventurer, somewhat proud and lofty, but polished and afraid of naught." When reproached by a factor in Madura for risking the company's property, Heemskerck responded, "Where we risk our
204:
coast; but
Barents died during the voyage, on 20 June. This was the first time that an arctic winter was successfully faced; The voyage stands in the first rank among the polar enterprises of the 16th century, and led to the flourishing whale and seal fisheries which long enriched the
125:
in 1567. He is described as having delicate feature, large brown eyes, a thin high nose, fair hair and beard, and a soft gentle expression. Under a quiet exterior and plain dress were a daring nature and indomitable ambition for military and naval distinction.
262:
lives, the gentlemen of the
Company must risk their ships and cargoes." He knew how to inspire his men with a blind confidence in himself. When Heemskerck was on board a vessel, the sailors felt safe. A battle they termed a "Heemskerck fight".
221:. On 1 May 1598, Heemskerck set out from Texel in a fleet of eight ships bound for the East and returned to Texel on 19 May 1600. He sailed out again the following year in a combined fleet of thirteen ships with Admiral
3562:
185:. Continuing on the same course they sighted a mountainous snow-covered land in about 80° N., soon afterwards being stopped by the polar pack ice. This important discovery was named
177:, had suggested the advisability of avoiding the land and, by keeping a northerly course, of seeking a passage in the open sea. They sailed northwards, and, on 9 June, discovered
2933:
304:
3547:
222:
3557:
274:, an engagement in which a Spanish fleet of 21 vessels was entirely destroyed. His body was returned to Amsterdam to be buried with full honours at
3532:
3552:
109:(3 March 1567 – 25 April 1607) was a Dutch explorer and naval admiral. He is generally known for his victory over the Spanish at the
2095:
418:
3582:
1056:
3476:
691:
699:
3051:
2057:
470:
2648:
2246:
1834:
308:
3527:
3440:
197:
in ice and they wintered in a house built out of driftwood and planks from the tween decks and the deck-house of the vessel.
1386:
218:
2251:
3334:
3015:
2837:
2727:
2496:
1085:
1034:
139:
2785:
2366:
2305:
2808:
225:. The fleet split at the Azores, with Harmensz going to Mauritius and Heemskerck heading straight for the Moluccas.
3577:
2886:
3117:
3103:
3077:
2914:
885:
411:
1808:
3572:
3567:
2940:
2910:
1253:
1243:
827:
529:
2551:
228:
On 25 February 1603, three Dutch ships under
Heemskerck's command attacked and captured a Portuguese merchant
2713:
2223:
1356:
356:
2622:
2508:
2351:
1397:
858:
626:
213:
Heemskerck later served as a vice admiral, protecting Dutch merchant shipping on voyages to China and the
3070:
2692:
2526:
2467:
2421:
650:
539:
278:. Heemskerck's suit of armour—minus a thigh plate shattered by the fatal cannonball—is on display in the
3430:
2155:
2129:
2122:
1573:
1474:
1466:
1449:
1067:
613:
465:
404:
271:
110:
1862:
32:
3253:
2863:
2559:
2358:
2143:
2025:
1828:
1710:
1561:
1410:
1348:
1335:
1208:
934:
586:
3403:
2994:
2988:
2906:
2780:
2565:
2291:
2167:
2017:
1905:
1689:
255:
705:
3470:
3133:
2286:
2160:
2080:
1589:
1416:
618:
3408:
2974:
906:
243:
2241:
379:
332:
3413:
3382:
3187:
3140:
3039:
2843:
2762:
2705:
2454:
2448:
2298:
2256:
2218:
2198:
1793:
1568:
1404:
1314:
1296:
1213:
1184:
1174:
1062:
999:
773:
234:
154:. Two vessels sailed from Amsterdam on 10 May 1596, under the command of Heemskerck and
1454:
3542:
3537:
3267:
3259:
3202:
2790:
2654:
2580:
2572:
2372:
2312:
2271:
1884:
1875:
1746:
1741:
1509:
1266:
1228:
835:
605:
573:
517:
275:
178:
2635:
1040:
1023:
8:
3388:
3310:
2775:
2698:
2614:
2395:
2387:
2336:
1976:
1934:
1429:
1392:
1281:
1045:
915:
718:
523:
50:
1028:
3109:
3001:
2982:
2546:
2521:
2063:
1957:
1921:
1897:
1788:
1635:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1502:
1480:
1459:
1340:
1330:
1077:
965:
893:
566:
557:
549:
460:
440:
3481:
3287:
3281:
3237:
3222:
3151:
3123:
3031:
2968:
2878:
2850:
2830:
2768:
2676:
2640:
2514:
2481:
2474:
2427:
2409:
2326:
2075:
1944:
1892:
1798:
1751:
1679:
1668:
1380:
1370:
1362:
1258:
1248:
1159:
1154:
1137:
1103:
970:
957:
778:
684:
642:
637:
427:
214:
151:
305:"'Jacob van Heemskerck (1567–1607), survivor and accomplished admiral', Rijksmuseum"
3498:
3230:
2922:
2802:
2628:
2601:
2541:
2416:
2346:
2331:
2070:
1999:
1994:
1968:
1963:
1845:
1768:
1721:
1488:
1308:
1273:
1169:
1164:
1098:
1012:
794:
786:
672:
592:
544:
534:
507:
69:
3488:
3435:
3420:
3326:
3321:
3245:
3210:
3146:
3045:
2960:
2927:
2659:
2442:
2434:
2403:
2319:
2279:
2033:
1989:
1929:
1853:
1823:
1818:
1778:
1756:
1704:
1640:
1630:
1581:
1303:
1288:
1141:
1110:
1072:
822:
750:
744:
667:
632:
492:
159:
143:
2011:
3462:
3445:
3398:
3357:
3347:
3316:
3175:
3165:
3057:
3007:
2872:
2822:
2795:
2740:
2536:
2531:
2380:
2233:
2087:
2049:
2006:
1939:
1913:
1867:
1840:
1813:
1783:
1726:
1684:
1674:
1554:
1547:
1444:
1424:
1236:
1196:
1127:
923:
898:
853:
817:
811:
803:
763:
758:
732:
712:
480:
163:
80:
3521:
3425:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3302:
3297:
3273:
3217:
3094:
3088:
3083:
2682:
2593:
2586:
2341:
2136:
2115:
1983:
1761:
1731:
1699:
1694:
1531:
1437:
1320:
1115:
928:
878:
871:
863:
768:
677:
512:
270:
Heemskerck died as a result of leg wounds caused by a cannonball, during the
174:
3456:
3450:
3062:
3026:
2892:
2719:
2669:
2608:
2462:
2150:
2101:
1951:
1773:
1736:
1716:
1657:
1191:
1179:
1122:
1050:
951:
848:
842:
739:
727:
600:
578:
502:
455:
3493:
3393:
3341:
3159:
2946:
2734:
2109:
2041:
1803:
1662:
1625:
1525:
1517:
1325:
661:
279:
247:
186:
182:
384:, Intro., (John Abraham Jacob De Villiers, trans.) Hakluyt Society, 1906
3292:
3195:
3179:
3021:
2954:
2855:
2264:
2213:
2173:
1495:
1221:
1149:
1091:
484:
452:
2814:
1651:
1203:
986:
239:
190:
122:
396:
2746:
170:
155:
201:
3373:
2753:
1018:
994:
982:
229:
90:
1540:
1619:
944:
1005:
150:
Heemskerck's early fame arose from an attempt to discover an
246:'s subsequent decision to take the ship and her cargo as a
200:
On 13 June, they made their way in two open boats to the
3563:
Dutch people of the Eighty Years' War (United
Provinces)
2210:
166:, the historian of the voyage, was on board as mate.
3519:
169:The masses of ice in the straits leading to the
189:, and was believed—incorrectly—to be a part of
173:, and the impenetrable nature of the pack near
412:
380:Van Spilbergen, Joris and Le Maire, Jacques.
146:and Jacob van Heemskerck charting their route
16:Dutch explorer and naval officer (1567–1607)
352:
350:
348:
346:
344:
3548:Admirals of the navy of the Dutch Republic
419:
405:
3558:Dutch military personnel killed in action
250:, despite Portugal's demands, became the
3477:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
341:
328:
326:
138:
3052:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
375:
373:
371:
369:
299:
297:
295:
3520:
3533:17th-century Dutch military personnel
2196:
438:
426:
400:
323:
162:accompanied Heemskerck as pilot, and
134:
113:, where he ultimately lost his life.
366:
337:, Vol. IV, John Murray, London, 1867
292:
219:second Dutch expedition to Indonesia
3553:Burials at the Oude Kerk, Amsterdam
2838:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1035:Norse colonization of North America
152:Arctic passage from Europe to China
13:
2367:United States Exploring Expedition
208:
14:
3594:
3583:Military personnel from Amsterdam
3441:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
2809:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
392:
335:History of the United Netherlands
121:Jacob van Heemskerck was born in
3335:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2728:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
31:
382:The East and West Indian mirror
1:
2714:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2649:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2197:
363:(1941), pp. 93–101 (in Dutch)
361:Twaalf Doorluchtige Zeehelden
357:Johan Carel Marinus Warnsinck
116:
3528:16th-century Dutch explorers
3071:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
2887:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
2693:French Antarctic Expeditions
2623:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2509:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
627:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
265:
7:
2156:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
1835:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
700:Andrée's balloon expedition
238:, off the Eastern coast of
10:
3599:
1357:Franklin's lost expedition
1057:Christian IV's expeditions
439:
3174:
2905:
2492:
2232:
2209:
2205:
2192:
1711:Great Northern Expedition
1605:
1387:Rae–Richardson expedition
1136:
981:
587:British Arctic Expedition
479:
451:
447:
434:
129:
100:Exploration of the Arctic
96:
86:
76:
57:
42:
30:
23:
2995:British Antarctic Survey
2989:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2234:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
285:
258:that lasted until 1663.
3578:Explorers of the Arctic
3471:Pole of inaccessibility
3134:Antarctic Treaty System
1475:2nd Grinnell expedition
217:and taking part in the
333:Motley, John Lothrop.
244:Admiralty of Amsterdam
147:
3573:Explorers of Svalbard
3568:Dutch polar explorers
3141:Transglobe Expedition
3040:Operation Deep Freeze
2449:Challenger expedition
1315:Coppermine expedition
836:Drifting ice stations
142:
68:aboard vessel in the
276:Oude Kerk, Amsterdam
256:Dutch–Portuguese War
107:Jacob van Heemskerck
37:Jacob van Heemskerck
3311:South magnetic pole
1977:Brusilov expedition
1086:Danish colonization
524:North magnetic pole
272:Battle of Gibraltar
111:Battle of Gibraltar
51:Spanish Netherlands
25:Jacob van Heemskerk
3002:Operation Windmill
2983:Operation Highjump
1958:Rusanov expedition
1863:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1607:North East Passage
1411:McClure expedition
148:
135:Arctic exploration
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
2969:Operation Tabarin
2831:Far Eastern Party
2677:Nimrod Expedition
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
1747:M. Pronchishcheva
1669:Siberian Cossacks
1138:Northwest Passage
471:Research stations
428:Polar exploration
223:Wolphert Harmensz
215:Dutch East Indies
104:
103:
3590:
3016:Ronne Expedition
2501:
2495:
2359:Dumont d'Urville
2207:
2206:
2194:
2193:
1742:V. Pronchishchev
449:
448:
436:
435:
421:
414:
407:
398:
397:
386:
377:
364:
354:
339:
330:
321:
320:
318:
316:
311:on 24 April 2016
307:. Archived from
301:
70:Bay of Gibraltar
64:
35:
21:
20:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3503:
3178:
3170:
3046:McMurdo Station
2915:Modern research
2913:
2901:
2636:O. Nordenskjöld
2499:
2493:
2488:
2404:Ross expedition
2228:
2201:
2180:
1609:
1601:
1142:Northern Canada
1140:
1132:
985:
977:
483:
475:
443:
430:
425:
395:
390:
389:
378:
367:
355:
342:
331:
324:
314:
312:
303:
302:
293:
288:
268:
211:
209:The East Indies
160:Willem Barentsz
144:Willem Barentsz
137:
132:
119:
72:
66:
62:
53:
47:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3596:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3463:Vostok Station
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3414:Cherry-Garrard
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3254:Southern Cross
3250:
3249:
3248:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3184:
3182:
3176:Farthest South
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3137:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3048:
3043:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3012:
3011:
3010:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2937:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2873:Ross Sea party
2869:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2834:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2673:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2567:Southern Cross
2560:Southern Cross
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2504:
2502:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2425:
2419:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2306:Bellingshausen
2296:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2203:
2202:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2165:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1611:Russian Arctic
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1053:
1048:
1046:Snæbjörn galti
1043:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1002:
997:
991:
989:
979:
978:
976:
975:
974:
973:
968:
963:
948:
941:
931:
926:
921:
913:
903:
902:
901:
896:
882:
875:
868:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
839:
832:
831:
830:
825:
820:
808:
807:
806:
792:
783:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
747:
742:
737:
736:
735:
730:
715:
710:
709:
708:
696:
695:
694:
682:
681:
680:
675:
670:
665:
647:
646:
645:
640:
635:
623:
622:
621:
616:
611:
603:
598:
583:
582:
581:
576:
571:
554:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
489:
487:
481:Farthest North
477:
476:
474:
473:
468:
463:
458:
445:
444:
432:
431:
424:
423:
416:
409:
401:
394:
393:External links
391:
388:
387:
365:
340:
322:
290:
289:
287:
284:
282:in Amsterdam.
267:
264:
235:Santa Catarina
210:
207:
164:Gerrit de Veer
136:
133:
131:
128:
118:
115:
102:
101:
98:
97:Known for
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
67:
65:(aged 40)
59:
55:
54:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3595:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2594:Discovery Hut
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:A. Sibiryakov
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2096:Glavsevmorput
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:J. Richardson
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:M. Corte-Real
1158:
1156:
1155:G. Corte-Real
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:C. Richardson
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
988:
984:
980:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
960:
956:
955:
954:
953:
949:
947:
946:
942:
940:
939:
938:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
919:
914:
912:
911:
910:
904:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
890:
889:
888:
887:Georgiy Sedov
883:
881:
880:
876:
874:
873:
869:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
844:
840:
838:
837:
833:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
814:
813:
809:
805:
802:
801:
800:
799:
798:
793:
791:
790:
789:
784:
780:
777:
775:
774:Riiser-Larsen
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
755:
754:
753:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
724:
723:
722:
716:
714:
711:
707:
704:
703:
702:
701:
697:
693:
690:
689:
688:
687:
683:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
663:
659:
658:
657:
656:
654:
648:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
628:
624:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
609:
604:
602:
599:
597:
596:
591:
590:
589:
588:
584:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:
565:
564:
563:
562:
560:
555:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
450:
446:
442:
437:
433:
429:
422:
417:
415:
410:
408:
403:
402:
399:
385:
383:
376:
374:
372:
370:
362:
358:
353:
351:
349:
347:
345:
338:
336:
329:
327:
310:
306:
300:
298:
296:
291:
283:
281:
277:
273:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
206:
205:Netherlands.
203:
198:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:Novaya Zemlya
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
145:
141:
127:
124:
114:
112:
108:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
61:25 April 1607
60:
56:
52:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3469:
3457:Pole of Cold
3455:
3381:
3372:
3340:
3333:
3309:
3280:
3266:
3260:Borchgrevink
3252:
3239:
3224:
3204:
3189:
3158:
3139:
3132:
3116:
3102:
3093:
3076:
3069:
3050:
3038:
3014:
3000:
2993:
2981:
2967:
2953:
2939:
2932:
2893:
2885:
2871:
2864:
2862:
2844:
2836:
2829:
2816:
2807:
2769:
2761:
2752:
2745:
2733:
2726:
2712:
2700:Pourquoi-Pas
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2670:Orcadas Base
2668:
2660:
2647:
2641:C. A. Larsen
2629:
2621:
2607:
2600:
2587:
2579:
2573:Borchgrevink
2566:
2558:
2515:
2507:
2482:C. A. Larsen
2475:
2456:
2447:
2429:
2411:
2402:
2389:
2374:
2365:
2352:
2313:
2299:
2292:
2273:
2258:
2168:
2161:
2144:
2137:
2123:
2108:
2094:
2081:
2056:
2042:
2040:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2016:
1982:
1975:
1956:
1922:
1920:
1906:
1904:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1854:
1852:
1833:
1709:
1667:
1650:
1645:
1618:
1582:
1580:
1560:
1559:
1539:
1538:
1524:
1511:
1496:
1482:
1473:
1460:
1431:
1419:Investigator
1418:
1409:
1385:
1372:
1364:
1355:
1342:
1313:
1290:
1275:
1260:
1230:
1215:
1185:
1104:
1084:
1055:
1051:Erik the Red
1033:
1011:
1004:
961:submersibles
958:
952:Arktika 2007
950:
943:
936:
933:
917:
908:
905:
886:
884:
877:
870:
841:
834:
810:
796:
795:
787:
785:
751:
749:
720:
717:
706:S. A. Andrée
698:
685:
660:
652:
649:
625:
607:
594:
585:
567:
558:
556:
522:
497:
381:
360:
334:
313:. Retrieved
309:the original
269:
260:
251:
233:
227:
212:
199:
195:
168:
149:
120:
106:
105:
63:(1607-04-25)
46:3 March 1567
18:
3543:1607 deaths
3538:1567 births
3160:Lake Vostok
3110:Tryoshnikov
3032:Schlossbach
2923:Christensen
2865:James Caird
2786:E. R. Evans
2552:Dobrowolski
2522:de Gerlache
2224:Expeditions
2110:Aviaarktika
2064:Samoylovich
1935:Kolomeitsev
1829:Middendorff
1789:Gedenshtrom
1209:I. Fyodorov
971:Chilingarov
859:E. Fyodorov
466:Expeditions
280:Rijksmuseum
252:casus belli
187:Spitsbergen
183:Barents Sea
179:Bear Island
77:Nationality
49:Amsterdam,
3522:Categories
3383:Terra Nova
3288:Shackleton
3231:J. C. Ross
3190:Resolution
3180:South Pole
2955:New Swabia
2879:Mackintosh
2851:Shackleton
2770:Terra Nova
2763:Terra Nova
2497:Heroic Age
2457:Challenger
2417:J. C. Ross
2327:Bransfield
2259:Resolution
2174:icebreaker
2138:Chelyuskin
1879:expedition
1857:Expedition
1799:Matyushkin
1757:Kh. Laptev
1752:Chelyuskin
1646:Heemskerck
1636:Chancellor
1631:Willoughby
1626:Koch boats
1569:Stefansson
1503:McClintock
1467:Inglefield
1309:J. C. Ross
1216:Resolution
1068:Cunningham
966:Sagalevich
655:expedition
614:Stephenson
574:C. F. Hall
561:expedition
535:J. C. Ross
498:Heemskerck
485:North Pole
117:Early life
87:Occupation
3482:Tolstikov
3268:Discovery
3238:HMS
3223:HMS
3205:Adventure
3203:HMS
3188:HMS
3124:Tolstikov
2845:Endurance
2630:Antarctic
2615:Drygalski
2588:Discovery
2581:Discovery
2542:Arctowski
2455:HMS
2428:HMS
2422:Abernethy
2410:HMS
2388:USS
2375:Vincennes
2373:USS
2353:Astrolabe
2293:San Telmo
2274:Adventure
2272:HMS
2257:HMS
2252:Kerguelen
2214:Continent
2199:Antarctic
2076:Urvantsev
2034:Vilkitsky
1887:Jeannette
1885:USS
1877:Jeannette
1841:Weyprecht
1819:Pakhtusov
1769:Chichagov
1762:D. Laptev
1705:Permyakov
1680:Stadukhin
1675:Perfilyev
1652:Mangazeya
1590:H. Larsen
1555:Rasmussen
1510:HMS
1481:USS
1430:HMS
1417:HMS
1381:Collinson
1371:HMS
1363:HMS
1341:HMS
1289:HMS
1274:HMS
1259:HMS
1244:Mackenzie
1231:Discovery
1229:HMS
1214:HMS
1186:Discovery
1165:Frobisher
1128:Rasmussen
1041:Gunnbjörn
987:Greenland
916:USS
907:USS
779:Ellsworth
721:Roosevelt
651:Nansen's
608:Discovery
606:HMS
593:HMS
540:Abernethy
508:Marmaduke
266:Gibraltar
240:Singapore
191:Greenland
123:Amsterdam
3494:A. Fuchs
3451:V. Fuchs
3431:McKinley
3394:E. Evans
3353:Bjaaland
3348:Amundsen
3298:Marshall
3211:Furneaux
3063:V. Fuchs
3027:E. Ronne
3022:F. Ronne
2961:Ritscher
2815:SY
2803:Filchner
2747:Framheim
2741:Amundsen
2547:Racoviță
2532:Amundsen
2527:Lecointe
2396:Ringgold
2390:Porpoise
2280:Furneaux
2116:Shevelev
2071:Begichev
2050:Amundsen
2012:Nagórski
1990:Brusilov
1984:Sv. Anna
1898:Melville
1868:Palander
1824:Tsivolko
1784:Sannikov
1779:Billings
1722:Chirikov
1641:Barentsz
1583:St. Roch
1574:Bartlett
1548:Amundsen
1532:Sverdrup
1432:Resolute
1321:Franklin
1249:Kotzebue
1116:Sverdrup
1099:Scoresby
1073:Lindenov
924:Plaisted
909:Nautilus
854:Shirshov
828:Belyakov
823:Baydukov
797:Nautilus
759:Amundsen
719:SS
678:Sverdrup
673:Johansen
643:Brainard
638:Lockwood
493:Barentsz
254:for the
171:Kara Sea
156:Jan Rijp
3499:Messner
3446:Hillary
3426:Balchen
3374:Polheim
3368:Wisting
3246:Crozier
3218:Weddell
3196:J. Cook
3166:Kapitsa
3147:Fiennes
3089:Klenova
3058:Hillary
3008:Ketchum
2934:BANZARE
2909:·
2754:Polheim
2720:Shirase
2706:Charcot
2516:Belgica
2435:Crozier
2347:Morrell
2342:Weddell
2320:Lazarev
2265:J. Cook
2219:History
2169:Arktika
2145:Krassin
2130:Voronin
2102:Schmidt
2088:Ushakov
2027:Vaygach
1995:Albanov
1964:Rusanov
1945:Kolchak
1940:Matisen
1914:Makarov
1893:De Long
1794:Wrangel
1774:Lyakhov
1727:Malygin
1685:Dezhnev
1512:Pandora
1483:Advance
1450:Kennedy
1445:Belcher
1438:Kellett
1425:McClure
1349:Beechey
1343:Blossom
1336:Simpson
1304:Crozier
1297:Hoppner
1254:J. Ross
1222:J. Cook
1170:Gilbert
1063:J. Hall
1029:Ingólfr
1019:Naddodd
1013:Vikings
1000:Brendan
995:Pytheas
983:Iceland
937:Arktika
929:Herbert
894:Badygin
864:Krenkel
849:Papanin
818:Chkalov
804:Wilkins
769:Wisting
713:F. Cook
619:Markham
579:Bessels
568:Polaris
559:Polaris
530:J. Ross
513:Carolus
461:History
230:carrack
202:Lapland
181:in the
91:Admiral
3409:Bowers
3404:Wilson
3363:Hassel
3358:Helmer
3327:Mackay
3317:Mawson
3282:Nimrod
3240:Terror
3225:Erebus
3152:Burton
2947:Rymill
2823:Mawson
2817:Aurora
2796:Lashly
2781:Wilson
2684:Nimrod
2661:Scotia
2468:Murray
2443:Cooper
2430:Terror
2412:Erebus
2381:Wilkes
2332:Palmer
2300:Vostok
2247:Bouvet
2171:-class
2151:Gakkel
2019:Taymyr
2000:Konrad
1969:Kuchin
1907:Yermak
1814:Lavrov
1732:Ovtsyn
1717:Bering
1695:Ivanov
1658:Hudson
1620:Pomors
1597:Cowper
1562:Karluk
1461:Isabel
1455:Bellot
1405:Austin
1373:Terror
1365:Erebus
1261:Griper
1237:Clerke
1197:Baffin
1180:Hudson
1111:Nansen
1024:Garðar
945:Barneo
812:ANT-25
788:Italia
764:Nobile
733:Henson
692:Amedeo
668:Nansen
633:Greely
503:Hudson
441:Arctic
315:28 May
242:. The
130:Career
3489:Crary
3436:Dufek
3399:Oates
3389:Scott
3322:David
3303:Adams
3274:Barne
3095:Mirny
3084:Somov
2894:Quest
2791:Crean
2776:Scott
2655:Bruce
2609:Gauss
2602:Gauss
2476:Jason
2463:Nares
2337:Davis
2314:Mirny
2287:Smith
2242:Roché
2162:Lenin
2082:Sadko
2007:Wiese
1952:Sedov
1923:Zarya
1846:Payer
1809:Litke
1804:Anjou
1737:Minin
1700:Vagin
1690:Popov
1663:Poole
1518:Young
1331:Dease
1276:Hecla
1267:Parry
1192:Bylot
1175:Davis
1150:Cabot
1123:Peary
1105:Jason
1092:Egede
1006:Papar
918:Skate
899:Wiese
879:NP-37
872:NP-36
752:Norge
740:Sedov
728:Peary
686:Jason
601:Nares
595:Alert
550:Hayes
518:Parry
456:Ocean
286:Notes
248:prize
81:Dutch
3421:Byrd
3342:Fram
3293:Wild
2975:Marr
2941:BGLE
2928:Byrd
2856:Wild
2735:Fram
2537:Cook
2058:AARI
2043:Maud
1930:Toll
1855:Vega
1541:Gjøa
1526:Fram
1489:Kane
1326:Back
1291:Fury
1282:Lyon
1204:Munk
843:NP-1
745:Byrd
662:Fram
653:Fram
545:Kane
317:2015
58:Died
43:Born
3118:3rd
3104:2nd
3078:1st
2911:IGY
2907:IPY
1497:Fox
1393:Rae
959:Mir
935:NS
3524::
2023:/
368:^
359:,
343:^
325:^
294:^
232:,
193:.
158:.
2500:"
2494:"
2437:)
2433:(
2424:)
2415:(
420:e
413:t
406:v
319:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
