Jacques de Molay - Knowledge

273: 1145:"Jacques DeMolay and his three preceptors, Geoffroi de Charney, Godfrey de Goneville, and Hughes de Peralde." The DeMolay Degree, in which players dress in robes and other period costume, and appear on a dimly-lit stage whereupon they dramatically deliver memorized lines prescribed in the ritual, is described therein as depicting "the tragic climax in the career of Jacques DeMolay, the hero and martyr who is the exemplar of our Order." The stage instructions include that "he foremost point to be remembered is to portray Jacques DeMolay as the hero and to select an interpretation for the DeMolay Degree which will enhance the lessons of fidelity and toleration." The drama concludes with the commission condemning the four to life imprisonment; however, according to the ritual, "so incensed was the king at the noble defiance and defense of DeMolay and Geoffroi de Charney that he overrode the Commission’s verdict and hurried DeMolay and de Charney to the stake on an island near the Cathedral, where they were barbarously burned." 892: 669:

third was telling the neophyte (novice) that unnatural lust was lawful and indulged in commonly. The fourth was that the cord worn by the neophyte day and night was consecrated by wrapping it around an idol in the form of a human head with a great beard, and that this idol was adored in all chapters. The fifth was that the priests of the order did not consecrate the host in celebrating Mass. Subsequently, the charges would be increased and would become, according to the procedures, lists of articles 86 to 127 in which will be added a few other charges, such as the prohibition to priests who do not belong to the order.

602:. He did not arrive until late summer, so while waiting for his arrival, Molay met the Pope to discuss other matters, one of which was the charges by one or more ousted Templars who had made accusations of impropriety in the Templars' initiation ceremony. Molay had already spoken with the king in Paris on 24 June 1307 about the accusations against his order and was partially reassured. Returning to Poitiers, Molay asked the Pope to set up an inquiry to quickly clear the Order of the rumours and accusations surrounding it, and the Pope convened an inquiry on 24 August 1307. 316: 708: 444: 151: 767: 198: 1192:

alles gesagt ist, würde ich für das Molay in der Haute-Saône optieren. ... Jacques de Molay stammt also aus einem vielleicht bedeutenden Adelsgeschlecht der Freigrafschaft Burgund und ist zwischen 1240 und 1250 geboren worden. Dieser räumliche und zeitliche Zusammenhang ist wichtig, denn die Freigrafschaft Burgund gehörte nicht zum französischen Königreich, sondern zum Deutschen Reich: Jacques de Molay war insofern kein Untertan des französischen Königs. ...

830:, and retired to deliberate on this unexpected contingency, but they were saved all trouble. When the news was carried to Philippe he was furious. A short consultation with his council only was required. The canons pronounced that a relapsed heretic was to be burned without a hearing; the facts were notorious and no formal judgment by the papal commission need be waited for. That same day, by sunset, a pyre was erected on a small island in the 2069: 2439: 616: 673: 1580:

evidence, and papal pronouncements cast light on the proceedings conducted by the three cardinal legates Clement V appointed to judge four Templar leaders in Paris, and suggest that the executions occurred on 11 March rather than 18 March (the date given in the continuation) and, rather than being ordered by King Philip the Fair (as the continuation alleges), were the direct result of the cardinal legates' decisions and actions.

2451: 31: 838:, near the palace garden. There de Molay, de Charney, de Gonneville, and de Peraud were slowly burned to death, refusing all offers of pardon for retraction, and bearing their torment with a composure which won for them the reputation of martyrs among the people, who reverently collected their ashes as relics." (Note: the account varies by one day, not unusual for chronicles of the middle ages) 1296: 1003:, who applied the idea to a Neapolitan Templar brought before Clement V, whom he denounced for his injustice. Some time later, as he was about to be executed, he appealed "from this your heinous judgement to the living and true God, who is in Heaven", warning the Pope that, within a year and a day, he and Philip IV would be obliged to answer for their crimes in God's presence. 903:, Musée National Chateau et Trianons. This depiction was commissioned in the 1800s, but is about an event in 1299 that did not actually occur. There was no battle, and Molay was nowhere near Jerusalem at the time. In reality, after the Christians lost control of Jerusalem in 1244, it was not under Christian control again until 1917, when the British took it from the 2427: 748:, Molay was again questioned by the cardinals, but this time with royal agents present, and he returned to his forced admissions made in 1307. In November 1309, the Papal Commission for the Kingdom of France began its own hearings, during which Molay again recanted, stating that he did not acknowledge the accusations brought against his order. 700:, and sister-in-law of King Philip. In a dawn raid on Friday, 13 October 1307, Molay and all the Templars of the central house of Paris were arrested. Philip then had the Templars charged with heresy and many other trumped-up charges, most of which were identical to the charges which had previously been leveled by Philip's agents against 532:

Templars supported Amalric, who took the crown and had his brother exiled in 1306. Meanwhile, pressure increased in Europe that the Templars should be merged with the other military orders, perhaps all placed under the authority of one king, and that individual should become the new King of Jerusalem when it was conquered.

374:, their 22nd grand master. During a meeting assembled on the island in the autumn of 1291, Molay spoke of reforming the Order and put himself forward as an alternative to the current grand master. Gaudin died around 1292 and, as there were no other serious contenders for the role at the time, Molay was soon elected. 826:

assembled crowd, Jacques de Molay and Geoffroi de Charney arose. They had been guilty, they said, not of the crimes imputed to them, but of basely betraying their Order to save their own lives. It was pure and holy; the charges were fictitious and the confessions false. Hastily the cardinals delivered them to the

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Der letzte, zugleich der berühmteste, war Jacques de Molay, der am 11. März 1314 für seinen Orden den Tod des Märtyrers auf den Scheiterhaufen der Inquisition fand. – Zunächst jedoch wurden „die neuen Maccabäer", „die Athleten Christi" überall begeistert gefeiert und unterstützt. ... Am 11. März 1314

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The date given in the chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis was the day after the Feast of Saint Gregory, or Monday 18 March (the feast day fell on 12 March); this is the date most often retained by historians of the Temple trial. But other chroniclers, such as Bernard Gui, have proposed the Monday before

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Das Geburtsjahr läßt sich also nicht eindeutig bestimmen. Wir beschränken uns auf eine ungefähre Schätzung. Demnach wurde Jacques de Molay im fünften Jahrzehnt des 13. Jahrhunderts in der Zeitspanne von 1244/45 bis 1248/49 geboren. ... Wenngleich zu dieser – wohl eher unbedeutenden – Frage noch nicht

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and some other prelates whom they had called in. Considering the offences which the culprits had confessed and confirmed, the penance imposed was in accordance with rule — that of perpetual imprisonment. The affair was supposed to be concluded when, to the dismay of the prelates and wonderment of the

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Philip wanted the Templars arrested and their possessions confiscated to incorporate their wealth into the Royal Treasury and to be free of the enormous debt he owed the Templar Order. On 14 September, Philip took advantage of the rumors and inquiry to begin his move against the Templars, sending out

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in 1919 by Freemason Frank S. Land. Similar to what happens in Freemasonry, new members are ceremoniously initiated using "degrees" that are part of the Order's secret ritual, authored, in the case of the Order of DeMolay's ritual, by Frank A. Marshall at founder Land's request in 1919. The first,

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The pope still wanted to hear Molay's side of the story, and dispatched two cardinals to Paris in December 1307. In front of the cardinals, Molay retracted his earlier confessions. A power struggle ensued between the king and the pope, which was settled in August 1308 when they agreed to split the

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Sein Scheiterhaufen wurde auf einer Seine-Insel unterhalb des Parks des Königspalasts in Höhe des heutigen Pont-Neuf errichtet, und nicht auf der Spitze des Vert-Galant, der im Mittelalter noch nicht existierte. Eine sorgfältige Studie der Chroniken, die von dem Ereignis berichteten, läßt den 11.

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The leaders eventually came before the papal representatives on 18 March 1314 and were sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. Hugh of Pairaud and Geoffrey of Gonneville, Preceptor of Aquitaine, accepted their fate in silence, but James of Molay and Geoffrey of Charney, Preceptor of Normandy, loudly

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Modern historians, however, state that the truth of the matter is this: There are indeed numerous ancient records of Mongol raids and occupations of Jerusalem (from Western, Armenian, or Arab sources), and in 1300 the Mongols did achieve a brief victory in Syria which caused a Muslim retreat, and

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There were five initial charges lodged against the Templars. The first was renunciation of and spitting on the cross during initiation into the Order. The second was the stripping of the man to be initiated and the thrice kissing of that man by the preceptor on the navel, posterior and mouth. The

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Following the loss of Ruad, Molay abandoned the tactic of small advance forces, and instead put his energies into trying to raise support for a new major Crusade, as well as strengthening Templar authority in Cyprus. When a power struggle erupted between King Henry II and his brother Amalric, the

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Le Temple, dès lors, était voué à disparaître, mais, devant Notre-Dame, le 11 mars 1314, Jacques de Molay, au prix de sa vie, revint sur ses aveux. ... Ce pari sur la mémoire et la postérité, au prix du sacrifice de sa vie, lui permit d'ouvrir une brèche et de s'extraire du piège dont depuis ses

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Jacques de Molay was not inactive in this decision of the Great Khan. This is proven by the fact that Molay was in command of one of the wings of the Mongol army. With the troops under his control, he invaded Syria, participated in the first battle in which the Sultan was vanquished, pursued the

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asked the leaders of the military orders for their opinions concerning a new crusade and the merging of their orders. Molay was asked to write memoranda on each of the issues, which he did during the summer of 1306. Molay was opposed to the merger, believing instead that having separate military

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Abstract: This article revisits the generally accepted account of the execution of the Templar leaders Jacques de Molay and Geoffroi de Charny in March 1314, which derives from the continuation of the Latin Universal Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis. Other contemporary chronicles, non-narrative

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and his descendants from his execution pyre. However, the story of the shouted curse appears to be a combination of words by a different Templar, and those of Molay. An eyewitness to the execution stated that Molay had shown no sign of fear and had told those present that God would avenge their

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of the Order. The second of the two degrees, known as "the DeMolay Degree," which, along with the Initiatory Degree, members and observers are sworn to keep secret, dramatically recreates the trial, "before a Commission in its Council Chamber," of the historic characters named in the ritual as

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on 24, and 25 October, Molay confessed that the Templar initiation ritual included "denying Christ and trampling on the Cross". He was also forced to write a letter asking every Templar to admit to these acts. Under pressure from Philip IV, Pope Clement V ordered the arrest of all the Templars

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The story of de Molay's brave defiance of his inquisitors has been incorporated in various forms into Masonic lore; most notably in the form of a youth group for young men aged 12 to 21, sponsored by Freemasonry, and named after the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar.

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He was born, as most Templar knights were, into a family of minor or middle-ranking nobility. It is suggested that he was made a knight at age 21 in 1265 and is known that he was about 70 years of age at the time of his execution in 1314. His year of birth is not known and

524:, from which raids were launched on the mainland. The intent was to establish a Templar bridgehead to await assistance from Ghazan's Mongols, but the Mongols failed to appear in 1300. The same happened in 1301 and 1302, and the island was finally lost in the 575:, or War King. Molay, however, rejected the idea. Philip was already at odds with the papacy, trying to tax the clergy, and had been attempting to assert his own authority as higher than that of the Pope. For this, one of Clement's predecessors, 1546:

protested their innocence and asserted that the Order was pure and holy. At once the king ordered that they be condemned as relapsed heretics and, on the same evening, they were burnt at the stake on the Ile des Javiaux in the Seine.

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wrote: "Even in distant Germany Philippe's death was spoken of as a retribution for his destruction of the Templars, and Clement was described as shedding tears of remorse on his death-bed for three great crimes, the poisoning of

986:, which may or may not have even passed through Jerusalem itself. Regardless of what the Mongols may or may not have done, there is no evidence that Molay was ever a Mongol commander, and he probably never set foot in Jerusalem. 423:

From 1299 to 1303, Molay was engaged in planning and executing a new attack against the Mamluks. The plan was to coordinate actions between the Christian military orders, the King of Cyprus, the nobility of Cyprus, the forces of

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The apparently demoralised Theobald Gaudin did not long outlive the fall of Acre. Sometime before 20 April, 1292, he had been succeeded by a highly experienced Burgundian Templar of twenty-seven years' standing called James of

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orders was a stronger position, as the missions of each order were somewhat different. He was also of the belief that if there were to be a new crusade, it needed to be a large one, as the smaller attempts were not effective.

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Philip and Clement V both died within a year of Molay's execution; Clement succumbed to a long illness on 20 April 1314, and Philip died due to a stroke while hunting. Then followed the rapid succession of the last

733:, the procedure to prosecute the Templars was set out on a duality, whereby one commission would judge individuals of the Order and a different commission would judge the Order as a whole. Pope Clement called for an 1244:

Demurger, pp. 1–4. "So no conclusive decision can be reached, and we must stay in the realm of approximations, confining ourselves to placing Molay's date of birth somewhere around 1244/5 – 1248/9, even perhaps

861:, a document which explicitly confirms that in 1308 Pope Clement V absolved Jacques de Molay and other leaders of the Order including Geoffroi de Charney and Hugues de Pairaud. She published her findings in the 1086:, had been the repository of secret wisdom and magical powers, which Jacques DeMolay had handed down to his successor before his execution and of which the eighteenth-century Freemasons were the direct heirs." 1065:

began to emerge in northern Europe. The Masons developed an elaborate mythos about their Order, and some claimed heritage from entities in history, ranging from the mystique of the Templars to the builders of

393:, Molay's immediate goals were to strengthen the defence of Cyprus and rebuild the Templar forces. From his travels, he was able to secure authorization from some monarchs for the export of supplies to 579:, had attempted to have Philip excommunicated, but Philip then had Boniface abducted and charged with heresy. The elderly Boniface was rescued, but then died of shock shortly thereafter. His successor 1883:

is confirmed by the clerk, Geoffrey of Paris, apparently an eyewitness, who describes Molay as showing no sign of fear and, significantly, as telling those present that God would avenge their deaths."

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The sudden arrest of the Templars, the conflicting stories about confessions, and the dramatic deaths by burning, generated many stories and legends about both the Order, and its last Grand Master.

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for a period of a few months. During that year, rumors flew through Europe that the Mongols had recaptured Jerusalem and were going to return the city to the Europeans. However, this was only an

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Any further opposition by the Templars was effectively broken when Philip used the previously forced confessions to sentence 54 Templars to be burnt at the stake between 10 May and 12 May 1310.

248:, deeply in debt to the Templars, had Molay and many other French Templars arrested in 1307 and tortured into making false confessions. When Molay later retracted his confession, Philip had him 778:

bridge. The top half of this photo shows the part of the island where the executions took place. The lower half shows the plaque, which is on one of the pillars of the bridge, behind the trees.

919:" who occupied Syria and Palestine for a few months in early 1300. The Mongol Mulay and the Templar Molay were entirely different people, but some historians regularly confused the two. 470:, each time either being forced back by the Egyptian Mamluks or having to retreat because of a civil war within the Mongol Empire, such as having to defend from attacks from the Mongol 754:

The council which had been called by the Pope for 1310 was delayed for a further two years due to the length of the trials, but was finally convened in 1312. On 22 March 1312, at the

821:, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the jail in which for nearly seven years they had lain, to receive the sentence agreed upon by the cardinals, in conjunction with the 481:

In 1300, Molay and other forces from Cyprus put together a small fleet of sixteen ships which committed raids along the Egyptian and Syrian coasts. The force was commanded by King

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In France in the 19th century, false stories circulated that Molay had captured Jerusalem in 1300. These rumors are probably related to the fact that the medieval historian the

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März 1314 (den Tag vor Sankt Gregorius) als wahrscheinlicheres Datum der Vollstreckung des Urteils erscheinen als den 18. März, der üblicherweise angegeben wird (S. 269, 273).

939: 564:. Molay left Cyprus on 15 October 1306, arriving in France in late 1306 or early 1307; however, the meeting was again delayed until late May due to the Pope's illness. 587:. It took a year to choose the next Pope, the Frenchman Clement V, who was also under strong pressure to bend to Philip's will. Clement moved the Papacy from Italy to 244:. As European support for the Crusades diminished, other forces were at work which sought to disband the order and claim the wealth of the Templars as their own. King 377:

In spring 1293, he began a tour of the West to try to muster more support for a reconquest of the Holy Land. Developing relationships with European leaders such as

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Elizabeth A. R. Brown (2015). "Philip the Fair, Clement V, and the end of the Knights Templar: The execution of Jacques de Molay and Geoffroi de Charny in March".

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and less dramatic, of the two degrees is called "the Initiatory Degree", wherein initiates are escorted around the meeting room and instructed in the precepts and

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in March, 1314. Both the sudden end of the centuries-old order of Templars and the dramatic execution of its last leader turned Molay into a legendary figure.

938:("Molay Takes Jerusalem, 1299"), which depicts the supposed event. Today the painting hangs in the Hall of the Crusades in the French national museum of 370:, who for their part were systematically conquering any last Crusader strongholds on the mainland. Templars in Cyprus included Jacques de Molay and 2079: 2496: 2486: 1011:

kings of France between 1314 and 1328, the three sons and a grandson of Philip IV. Within fourteen years of the death of Molay, the 300-year-old

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to the Egyptian Mamluks in 1291, the Franks (a name used in the Levant for Catholic Europeans) who were able to do so retreated to the island of

1082:: "It was during the 1760s that German masons introduced a specific Templar connection, claiming that the Order, through its occupation of the 233:

in 1312. Though little is known of his actual life and deeds except for his last years as Grand Master, he is one of the best known Templars.

2521: 2506: 1070:. The stories of the Templars' secret initiation ceremonies also proved a tempting source for Masonic writers who were creating new works of 304:, northeastern France. His birth year is not certain, but judging by statements made during the later trials, was probably around 1240–1250. 272: 397:, but could obtain no firm commitment for a new Crusade. There was talk of merging the Templars with one of the other military orders, the 875:

had been granted to all those Templars that had confessed to heresy "and restored them to the Sacraments and to the unity of the Church".

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in 1310 to decide the future of the Templars. In the meantime, the Order's dignitaries, among them Molay, were to be judged by the pope.

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in 1296, where he tried to make reforms. In the autumn of 1296, Molay was back in Cyprus to defend his Order against the interests of

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the Feast of Saint Gregory, or 11 March. We tend to agree with Bernard, since the chronology he proposes is most often very accurate.

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to the north. In 1299, the Ilkhanate again attempted to conquer Syria, having some preliminary success against the Mamluks in the

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of France and England. Another prominent Templar in attendance was Amaury de la Roche, Templar Master of the province of France.

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aveux, arrachés sous la torture, il était captif. Le sursaut de Notre-Dame, le 11 mars 1314, n'a donc rien d'un héroïsme vain.

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sollte der feierliche Schlußakt des Inquisitionsprozesses gegen den greisen Molay und die restlichen Ordensoberen stattfinden.

2351: 2297: 2252: 2233: 2190: 2134: 2111: 1967: 1605: 1538: 1514: 1357: 1264: 1222: 1184: 1992: 790:. He was burned at the stake on the Ile des Javiaux in the Seine. The most probable date of the execution was according to 520:

The Cypriots then prepared for an attack on Tortosa in late 1300, sending a joint force to a staging area on the island of

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Ferreto of Vicenza, 'Historia rerum in Italia gestarum ab anno 1250 as annum usque 1318', c. 1328, in Malcolm Barber's,

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The United Religious, Military and Masonic Orders of the Temple and of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta

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For generations, there had been communications between the Mongols and Europeans towards the possibility of forging a

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made claims that Jerusalem had been captured by the Mongols, with Molay in command of one of the Mongol divisions. "

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of all Templars at dawn on 13 October. Molay was in Paris on 12 October, where he was a pallbearer at the funeral of

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on 20 July 1300, and under the leadership of Admiral Baudouin de Picquigny, raided the coasts of Egypt and Syria:

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with the Crusaders against the Egyptian Mamluks, but was never able to successfully coordinate military actions

1772:, p. 287, Volume 3 (Maestricht: Jean-Edme Dupour & Philippe Roux, Imprimeurs-Libraires, associés, 1778). 1090: 1042: 1030: 930:" This story of wishful thinking was so popular in France that in 1846 a large-scale painting was created by 2364: 2018: 2526: 1695:

Frale, Barbara (2004). "The Chinon chart – Papal absolution to the last Templar, Master Jacques de Molay".

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At this location, Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, was burned on 18 March 1314

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in 1314 as a direct result of cardinal legates' decisions and actions rather than being ordered by King

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Jacques de Molay's goal as grand master was to reform the order, and adjust it to the situation in the

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Karl Hans Kluncker (1989). "Die Templer: Geschichte und Geheimnis: Wolfgang Frommel zum Gedenken".

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Alain Demurger (2018) . "14 The Council of Vienne and the Burning of Jaques de Molay (1311–1314)".

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finds it probable that he was born in the period 1244/45 to 1248/49 or even between 1240 and 1250.

401:. The grand masters of both orders opposed such a merger, but pressure increased from the Papacy. 2044: 858: 626: 1797: 1000: 818: 693: 463: 455: 2202: 2198: 2471: 2084: 1847: 1136: 1132: 729: 486: 482: 1171:

Alain Demurger (2015) . "1 Der junge Jacques de Molay 1250. Wo und wann wurde er geboren?".

805:"The cardinals dallied with their duty until 18 March 1314, when, on a scaffold in front of 591:, France, where Philip continued to assert more dominance over the Papacy and the Templars. 285: 109: 2476: 900: 595: 584: 417: 390: 366:, and the base of operations for any future military attempts by the Crusaders against the 363: 327:

In 1265, as a young man, he was received into the Order of the Templars in a chapel at the

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Schein, Sylvia (October 1979). "Gesta Dei per Mongolos 1300. The Genesis of a Non-Event".

229:, leading the order sometime before 20 April 1292 until it was dissolved by order of Pope 8: 1880: 1318:

by Henry Charles Lea, NY: Hamper & Bros, Franklin Sq. 1888, p. 325. Not in copyright.

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did not last long, dying in less than a year, possibly poisoned via Philip's councillor

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It is known that Molay held two general meetings of his order in southern France, at

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The Last Templar – The Tragedy of Jacques de Molay, Last Grand Master of the Temple

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on 26 September 1302, eliminating the Crusaders' last foothold near the mainland.

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deaths. Another variation on this story was told by the contemporary chronicler

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routed Malik Nasir as far as the desert of Egypt: then, under the guidance of

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Little is known of his early years, but Jacques de Molay was probably born in

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In 1299, the Grand-Master was with his knights at the recapture of Jerusalem.

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The confusion was enhanced in 1805, when the French playwright and historian

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The Knights Templar: The History & Myths of the Legendary Military Order

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in which membership is open only to Freemasons who profess a belief in the

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regardless of religious affiliation, the Knights Templar is one of several

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Marker at the site of Jacques de Molay's execution in Paris. (Translation:

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against the Mamluks, but without success. The Mongols had been repeatedly

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Oeuvres complettes de M. De Saint-Foix, Historiographe des Ordres du Roi

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Der letzte Templer. Leben und Sterben des Grossmeisters Jacques de Molly

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Der letzte Templer. Leben und Sterben des Grossmeisters Jacques de Molly

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perhaps as long ago as 1780. Unlike the initial degrees conferred in a

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Some 400 years after the death of de Molay and the dissolution of the

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and others 11 March 1314 although it is also quoted as 18 March 1314.

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Les Templiers, une chevalerie chrétienne au moyen-âge, Alain Demurger

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in 2004. Another Chinon parchment dated 20 August 1308 addressed to

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to discuss these matters, with the date of the meeting scheduled as

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a secret order to his agents in all parts of France to implement a

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Ordination of Jacques de Molay in 1265 as a Knight Templar, at the

241: 2207:. Vol. III. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 238–333 758:, the Order of the Knights Templar was abolished by papal decree. 1843: 1348:

Nicholson, Helen J.; Crawford, Paul F.; Burgtorf, Jochen (2016).

1299:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

1104: 498: 336: 30: 2166:(Translated into English by Antonia Nevill), Profile Books LTD, 745: 599: 510: 490: 447: 433: 394: 359: 328: 320: 277: 2049:(a publication of a DeMolay secret ritual ceremony on the web) 2023:(a publication of a DeMolay secret ritual ceremony on the web) 1311: 1309: 974:

allowed the Mongols to launch raids into the Levant as far as

1291:

Goyau, Georges. "Jacques de Molai." The Catholic Encyclopedia

916: 831: 521: 437: 409: 257: 125: 1756:(Cambridge University Press, originally published in 1998). 1306: 1217:]. Translated by Teresa Lavender Fagan. Profile Books. 895:"The capture of Jerusalem by Jacques de Molay in 1299", by 1879:, 2nd ed. p. 357 "The account given by the continuator of 2374: 1907:

A History of The Inquisition of The Middle Ages, Volume 3

1347: 1112: 548:

On 6 June 1306, the leaders of both the Templars and the

2375:

DeMolay International, a Freemason-sponsored youth group

2104:

The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple

2025:. The Phoenix Masonry Masonic Museum and Library website 1894:

The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple

1735:, Volume 2, p. 193 (Montpellier: J. Martel, 1737–1739). 1592:

Alain Demurger (2015) . "Nachwort zur dritten Auflage".

1316:

A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages Vol. III

1259:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 18. 1211:

The Persecution of the Templars. Scandal, Torture, Trial

2379: 1135:, also known as "The Order of DeMolay," was founded in 994:

It has been claimed that Jacques de Molay cursed King

711:

Interrogation of Jacques de Molay. 19th century print.

552:

were officially asked to come to the Papal offices in

2415: 1560: 217:; c. 1240–1250 – 11 or 18 March 1314), also spelled " 1015:

collapsed. This series of events forms the basis of

945:

In the 1861 edition of the French encyclopedia, the

2380:

Ordre Souverain et Militaire du Temple de Jérusalem

2199:"Chapter V. Political Heresy Utilized by the State" 1995:. The DeMolay International website. Archived from 1487: 1350:

The debate on the trial of the Templars (1307–1314)

1029:between 1955 and 1977, which was also adapted into 715:During forced interrogation by royal agents at the 416:, which conflict had its roots back in the days of 1828: 1663: 1624: 485:, the king of Cyprus, accompanied by his brother, 280:commandery. Painting by Marius Granet (1777–1849). 1968:"DeMolay International | History of DeMolay" 1965: 1293:Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911 1215:La Persécution des templiers: journal (1305–1314) 2463: 2265:The Templars and the Grail: Knights of the Quest 2051:. The Phoenix Masonry Masonic Museum and Library 1896:(Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 314–315. 1627:Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 1585: 1415: 1413: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1160: 1158: 323:commandery, where Jacques de Molay was ordained. 2370:Jacques de Molay in Medieval History of Navarre 2204:A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages 2120: 1814: 1812: 1810: 677:Jacques de Molay sentenced to the stake in 1314 428:, and a new potential ally, the Mongols of the 2306: 1591: 1528: 1208: 1170: 362:. It became the headquarters of the dwindling 2176:Jacques de Molay: le crépuscule des templiers 1993:"The Author of our Ritual: Frank A. Marshall" 1598:Jacques de Molay. Le crépuscule des Templiers 1442: 1440: 1438: 1410: 1197: 1177:Jacques de Molay. Le crépuscule des Templiers 1155: 1807: 1533:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1392: 1025:), a series of historical novels written by 857:found a copy of the Chinon Parchment in the 1802:Histoire de l'Ordre Militaire des Templiers 1240: 1238: 782:Molay was sentenced to death together with 2183:The Templars – The secret history revealed 2077: 1466:"Vol. III Chpt. 5 par 2. Not in Copyright" 1435: 1401: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1103:affiliated with Freemasonry, and begun in 809:, Jacques de Molay, Templar Grand Master, 29: 2242: 2106:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2019:"The Order of DeMolay: Initiatory Degree" 1821: 1657: 1524: 1522: 1507:The Templars: The secret history revealed 1352:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 22. 1248: 656:Learn how and when to remove this message 2174:(First publication in France in 2002 as 1618: 1556: 1554: 1235: 890: 886: 871:, well known to historians, stated that 765: 706: 671: 442: 342:Around 1270, de Molay went to the East ( 314: 271: 196: 1766:Germain-François Poullain de Saint-Foix 1529:Malcolm Barber (2006). "Introduction". 1321: 1277: 2497:13th-century French military personnel 2487:14th-century French military personnel 2464: 2218: 2098: 2045:"The Order of DeMolay: DeMolay Degree" 1519: 1254: 594:The Grand Master of the Hospitallers, 468:attempting to conquer Syria themselves 2261: 1694: 1551: 1493: 605: 300:, and in modern times in the area of 212: 2522:People executed by France by burning 2507:Grand masters of the Knights Templar 2365:Jacques de Molay's Site of Execution 2346:(Prosecution Against the Templars), 2282: 2088:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 915:wrote about a Mongol general named " 638:adding citations to reliable sources 609: 2398:Grand Master of the Knights Templar 2228:. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. 2196: 1733:Histoire de la ville de Montpellier 1111:, which only require a belief in a 1074:. As described by modern historian 1045:, and the ruin of the Templars and 842: 535: 493:also in attendance. The ships left 292:, at the time a territory ruled by 44:Grand Master of the Knights Templar 16:Grand Master of the Knights Templar 13: 2342:Archivio Segreto Vaticano (2007), 2336: 2245:The Knights Templar: A New History 2078:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 1948:First DeMolay. accessed 3/26/2013. 1848:Jacques Molay Prend Jerusalem.1299 1123:. The full title of this Order is 774:), located by the stairs from the 14: 2548: 2537:14th-century executions by France 2358: 2178:by Éditions Payot & Rivages). 1866:Schein, "Gesta Dei per Mongolos". 1748:, p. 218, 2002 paperback edition 1664:Philippe Josserand (2020-01-01). 2449: 2437: 2425: 2067: 1294: 1031:two French television miniseries 614: 201:Coat of arms of Jacques de Molay 149: 123:11 or 18 March 1314 (aged c. 70) 2512:Marshals of the Knights Templar 2037: 2011: 1985: 1959: 1941: 1928: 1919: 1899: 1886: 1869: 1860: 1837: 1791: 1775: 1759: 1738: 1725: 1688: 1499: 1478: 1458: 1449: 1422: 1383: 966:Nouvelle Biographie Universelle 948:Nouvelle Biographie Universelle 625:needs additional citations for 349: 2321:10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXXIII.805 1711:10.1016/j.jmedhist.2004.03.004 1505:Frale, Barbara; Eco, Umberto. 1374: 1341: 1052: 517:, before returning to Cyprus. 240:during the waning days of the 1: 2309:The English Historical Review 2185:, Maverick House Publishers, 1970:. Demolay.org. Archived from 1148: 1043:Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor 1804:(Foppens, Brusselles, 1751). 1509:. (2009) Arcade Publishing. 7: 2344:Processus Contra Templarios 2292:. New York: Da Capo Press. 2197:Lea, Henry Charles (1887). 2147:. The Catholic Encyclopedia 1829:François Raynouard (1805). 1698:Journal of Medieval History 936:Molay Prend Jerusalem, 1299 864:Journal of Medieval History 540:In 1305, the newly elected 476:Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar 10: 2553: 2517:People executed for heresy 2127:Cambridge University Press 2092: 1852:French Ministry of Culture 1831:"Précis sur les Templiers" 1788:, 3 Volumes (Paris, 1693). 1786:Vitae Paparum Avenionensis 878: 846: 450:, the Mongol ruler of the 2404: 2395: 2387: 2243:Nicholson, Helen (2001). 2123:The Trial of the Templars 1877:The Trial of the Templars 1731:Charles d' Aigrefeuille, 1678:10.4000/medievalista.2910 1575:10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.109474 1531:The Trial of the Templars 1257:The Trial of the Templars 1117:additional Masonic Orders 1061:, the fraternal order of 817:, Visitor of France, and 724:convictions. Through the 221:", was the 23rd and last 191: 181: 168: 160: 145: 140: 132: 119: 103: 98: 94: 82: 70: 60: 49: 41: 37: 28: 21: 2121:Barber, Malcolm (2006). 1255:Barber, Malcolm (2006). 989: 968:, "Molay" article, 1861. 761: 720:throughout Christendom. 267: 2492:Medieval French knights 2482:People from Haute-Saône 2181:Frale, Barbara (2009), 1966:DeMolay International. 1639:10.1163/157007389X00190 1036:The American historian 984:raids through Palestine 859:Vatican Secret Archives 744:In the royal palace at 2532:Executed French people 2502:French Roman Catholics 1818:Demurger, pp. 203–204. 1142:Seven Cardinal Virtues 971: 908: 840: 819:Godefroi de Gonneville 813:, Master of Normandy, 779: 712: 694:Catherine of Courtenay 684: 464:Franco-Mongol alliance 459: 456:Franco-Mongol alliance 324: 281: 250:burned upon a scaffold 202: 2262:Ralls, Karen (2012). 2085:Catholic Encyclopedia 1633:(3). Brill: 215–247. 1407:Schein, 1979, p. 811. 1133:DeMolay International 953: 894: 887:Conquest of Jerusalem 803: 769: 730:Faciens misericordiam 710: 675: 487:Amalric, Lord of Tyre 483:Henry II of Jerusalem 446: 318: 275: 200: 161:Years of service 1446:Martin, pp. 114–115. 1095:is an international 801:gives this account: 634:improve this article 585:Guillaume de Nogaret 418:Guillaume de Beaujeu 391:Charles II of Naples 364:Kingdom of Jerusalem 2527:Philip IV of France 1999:on 25 February 2013 1905:Henry Charles Lea, 1089:The modern Masonic 996:Philip IV of France 869:Philip IV of France 853:In September 2001, 811:Geoffroi de Charney 784:Geoffroi de Charney 717:University of Paris 569:Philip IV of France 399:Knights Hospitaller 383:Edward I of England 262:Notre-Dame de Paris 246:Philip IV of France 2247:. Stroud: Sutton. 2145:"Jacques de Molay" 1953:2013-02-25 at the 1936:The New Knighthood 1672:(in French) (27). 1455:Nicholson, p. 201. 1419:Nicholson, p. 204. 1389:Nicholson, p. 200. 1121:Christian religion 1080:The New Knighthood 1033:in 1972 and 2005. 1023:The Accursed Kings 1001:Ferreto of Vicenza 924:François Raynouard 909: 823:Archbishop of Sens 797:Of Molay's death, 780: 735:ecumenical council 713: 702:Pope Boniface VIII 685: 606:Arrest and charges 577:Pope Boniface VIII 478:in December 1299. 460: 414:Henry II of Cyprus 379:Pope Boniface VIII 333:Humbert de Pairaud 325: 290:County of Burgundy 286:Molay, Haute-Saône 282: 203: 114:County of Burgundy 110:Molay, Haute-Saône 2414: 2413: 2405:Succeeded by 2352:978-88-85042-52-0 2299:978-0-306-81071-8 2254:978-0-7509-2517-4 2235:978-1-56025-645-8 2191:978-1-905379-60-6 2136:978-0-521-67236-8 2113:978-0-521-42041-9 1607:978-3-406-68238-4 1540:978-1-107-64576-9 1515:978-1-55970-889-0 1398:Demurger, p. 147. 1359:978-1-315-61534-9 1266:978-0-511-24533-6 1224:978-1-78283-329-1 1186:978-3-406-68238-4 1084:Temple of Solomon 1038:Henry Charles Lea 897:Claudius Jacquand 799:Henry Charles Lea 756:Council of Vienne 698:Charles of Valois 666: 665: 658: 387:James I of Aragon 298:Holy Roman Empire 195: 194: 177: 2544: 2454: 2453: 2452: 2442: 2441: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2421: 2388:Preceded by 2385: 2384: 2332: 2315:(373): 805–819. 2303: 2279: 2258: 2239: 2215: 2213: 2212: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2140: 2125:(2nd ed.). 2117: 2089: 2080:Jacques de Molai 2071: 2070: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1979: 1963: 1957: 1945: 1939: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1903: 1897: 1890: 1884: 1873: 1867: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1805: 1795: 1789: 1779: 1773: 1763: 1757: 1744:Sophia Menache, 1742: 1736: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1692: 1686: 1685: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1558: 1549: 1548: 1526: 1517: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1485: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1462: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1444: 1433: 1426: 1420: 1417: 1408: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1345: 1339: 1332: 1319: 1313: 1304: 1298: 1297: 1288: 1275: 1274: 1252: 1246: 1242: 1233: 1232: 1206: 1195: 1194: 1168: 1068:Solomon's Temple 1018:Les Rois maudits 969: 849:Chinon Parchment 843:Chinon Parchment 815:Hugues de Peraud 696:, wife of Count 661: 654: 650: 647: 641: 618: 610: 596:Fulk de Villaret 581:Pope Benedict XI 562:gastro-enteritis 536:Travel to France 426:Cilician Armenia 368:Egyptian Mamluks 216: 214:[dəmɔlɛ] 211: 206:Jacques de Molay 175: 153: 141:Military service 99:Personal details 85: 73: 54: 33: 23:Jacques de Molay 19: 18: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2416: 2410: 2408:Order abolished 2401: 2393: 2361: 2339: 2337:Further reading 2300: 2276: 2268:. Quest Books. 2255: 2236: 2210: 2208: 2160:Demurger, Alain 2150: 2148: 2143: 2137: 2114: 2100:Barber, Malcolm 2095: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2054: 2052: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2028: 2026: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2002: 2000: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1975: 1964: 1960: 1955:Wayback Machine 1946: 1942: 1933: 1929: 1925:Martin, p. 142. 1924: 1920: 1904: 1900: 1891: 1887: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1855: 1842: 1838: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1808: 1796: 1792: 1780: 1776: 1764: 1760: 1743: 1739: 1730: 1726: 1693: 1689: 1662: 1658: 1623: 1619: 1608: 1590: 1586: 1559: 1552: 1541: 1527: 1520: 1504: 1500: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1436: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1380:Martin, p. 113. 1379: 1375: 1360: 1346: 1342: 1333: 1322: 1314: 1307: 1295: 1289: 1278: 1267: 1253: 1249: 1243: 1236: 1225: 1207: 1198: 1187: 1169: 1156: 1151: 1101:chivalric order 1092:Knights Templar 1059:Knights Templar 1055: 1009:Direct Capetian 992: 970: 964: 932:Claude Jacquand 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