James Hansen - Knowledge

1384:(IPCC) and other energy organizations "there is more than twice as much carbon in the tar sands oil" than in conventional oil. Hansen argued that coal, tar sands, and tar shale should not be used as energy sources because of their carbon emissions and claimed that the completion of the Keystone pipeline would increase the extraction of oil from oil sands. He explained that the effects of climate change may not be apparent until the far future: "It's not the case where you emit something and you see the effect. We see the beginnings of the effect but the large impacts are going to be in future decades and that science is crystal clear … Effects come slowly because of the inertia of the climate system. It takes decades, even centuries to get the full response. But we know the last time the world was 2 degrees warmer, sea level was 6 meters or 20 feet higher." Hansen urged President Obama to reject the 9468: 849:

species. They described a business-as-usual scenario, which has greenhouse gases growing at approximately 2% per year; and an alternate scenario, in which greenhouse gases concentrations decline. Under the alternate scenario, sea levels could rise by 1 meter per century, causing problems due to the dense population in coastal areas. But this would be minor compared to the 10-meter increase in sea level under the business-as-usual scenario. Hansen described the situation with species extinction similarly to that of sea level rise. Assuming the alternate scenario, the situation would not be good, but it would be much worse for business as usual.

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table very quickly. They make no sense at all if you look at it from an economic-wide perspective. If we would simply put a fee on carbon – you would collect from the fossil fuel companies at the source (the domestic mines or the ports of entry) and then distribute that money to the public, an equal amount to all legal residents, that would begin to make the prices honest. And that's what the economy needs in order to be most efficient. Right now the external costs of fossil fuels are borne completely by the public. If your child gets asthma, you pay the bill, the fossil fuel company doesn't. What we need is to make the system honest."

1140:°C, significantly above earlier estimates. His team also concluded that the decline in global aerosol emissions from air pollution will accelerate the rate of global warming, going from an increase of 0.18 °C per decade between 1970 and 2010 to an increase of 0.27 °C per decade after 2010, with the world passing the 1.5 °C threshold before the end of the 2020s and the 2 °C threshold before 2050 without significant changes. The paper also concluded that sea level rise will be greater than the IPCC estimates and one of the ocean's major circulation systems could collapse before the end of the century. 957:. They described the intermediate scenario as the most likely, and that real-world greenhouse gas forcing had been closest to this scenario. It contained the effects of three volcanic eruptions in the fifty-year projections. They found that the observed warming was similar to two of the three scenarios. The warming rates of the two most modest warming scenarios were nearly the same through the year 2000, and they were unable to provide a precise model assessment. They noted that the agreement between the observations and the intermediate scenario was accidental because the 1646: 7157: 894: 662:, with warming similar in both hemispheres. When the analysis was updated in 1988, the four warmest years on record were all in the 1980s. The two warmest years were 1981 and 1987. During a senate meeting on June 23, 1988, Hansen reported that he was ninety-nine percent certain the earth was warmer then than at any time in the history of instrumental measurements, there was a clear cause and effect relationship with the greenhouse effect and lastly that due to global warming, the likelihood of freak weather was steadily increasing. 9456: 1973: 770:, and a leveling off from 1900 to 1950 as environmental laws were enacted. China and India have recently increased their emissions of black carbon corresponding to their rapid development. The emissions from the United Kingdom were estimated using a network of stations that measured black smoke and sulfur dioxide. They report that atmospheric black carbon concentrations have been decreasing since the beginning of the record in the 1960s, and that the decline was faster than the decline in black-carbon-producing fuel use. 1496:. It estimated that 1.8 million air pollution-caused deaths were prevented worldwide between 1971 and 2009, through the use of nuclear power instead of fossil fuels. The paper also concluded that the emission of some 64 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent were avoided by nuclear power use between 1971 and 2009. Looking to the future, between 2010 and 2050, it was estimated that nuclear could additionally avoid up to 420,000 to 7 million premature deaths and 80 to 240 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. 9444: 731: 8753: 8741: 1180:'s commercials with the tagline "carbon dioxide—they call it pollution, we call it life", and politicians who accept money from fossil-fuel interests and then describe global warming as "a great hoax." He also says that changes needed to reduce global warming do not require hardship or reduction in the quality of life, but will also produce benefits such as cleaner air and water, and growth of high-tech industries. He was a critic of both the 1961: 8777: 8765: 539: 3983:; G. Russell; I. Aleinov; S. Bauer; E. Baum; B. Cairns; V. Canuto; M. Chandler; Y. Cheng; A. Cohen; A. Del Genio; G. Faluvegi; E. Fleming; A. Friend; T. Hall; C. Jackman; J. Jonas; M. Kelley; N.Y. Kiang; D. Koch; G. Labow; J. Lerner; S. Menon; T. Novakov; V. Oinas; Ja. Perlwitz; Ju. Perlwitz; D. Rind; A. Romanou; R. Schmunk; D. Shindell; P. Stone; S. Sun; D. Streets; N. Tausnev; D. Thresher; N. Unger; M. Yao; S. Zhang (2007). 783: 1889: 1042: 43: 638: 722:(USHCN) displayed a discontinuity around the year 2000. NASA corrected the computer code used to process the data and credited McIntyre with pointing out the flaw. Hansen indicated that he felt that several news organizations had overreacted to this mistake. In 2010, Hansen published a paper entitled "Global Surface Temperature Change" describing current global temperature analysis. 942: 9432: 658:

be highly correlated, especially in the mid-latitudes, providing a way to combine the station data to provide accurate long-term variations. They concluded that global mean temperatures can be determined even though meteorological stations are typically in the Northern hemisphere and confined to continental regions. Warming in the past century was found to be

1188:' stances on climate change. Addressing the potential effects of climate change, Hansen has stated in an interview in January 2009, "We cannot now afford to put off change any longer. We have to get on a new path within this new administration. We have only four years left for Obama to set an example to the rest of the world. America must take the lead." 98: 917:

from the 1D model are similar to those of the more complex 3D models, and can simulate basic mechanisms and feedbacks. Hansen predicted that temperatures would rise out of the climate noise by the 1990s, much earlier than predicted by other researches. He also predicted that it would be difficult to convince politicians and the public to react.

1555:, Hansen began touring the world in the late 2010s, providing evidence for the climatic benefits of nuclear energy and to bring attention to the $ 2 trillion the US has spent on "new renewables" that despite the cost have not even caught up to nuclear in annual electricity generation, an issue reflected in Germany and elsewhere. 1579:. NASA responded that its policies are similar to those of any other federal agency in requiring employees to coordinate all statements with the public affairs office without exception. Two years after Hansen and other agency employees described a pattern of distortion and suppression of climate science by political 1101:

concludes that "present knowledge does not permit accurate specification of the dangerous level of human-made . However, it is much lower than has commonly been assumed. If we have not already passed the dangerous level, the energy infrastructure in place ensures that we will pass it within several decades."

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Rockström, J.; Steffen, W.; Noone, K.; Persson, Å.; Chapin Fs, F. S.; Lambin, E. F.; Lenton, T. M.; Scheffer, M.; Folke, C.; Schellnhuber, H. J.; Nykvist, B. R.; De Wit, C. A.; Hughes, T.; Van Der Leeuw, S.; Rodhe, H.; Sörlin, S.; Snyder, P. K.; Costanza, R.; Svedin, U.; Falkenmark, M.; Karlberg, L.;

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predicts that sea levels could rise by as much as 59 centimetres (1.94 ft) this century. Hansen's paper argues that the slow melting of ice sheets the panel expects doesn't fit the data. The geological record suggests that ice at the poles does not melt in a gradual and linear fashion, but flips

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height, which could be a useful tool for determining the human "fingerprint" on climate. As of 12 February 2009, the current version of the GISS model is Model E. This version has seen improvements in many areas, including upper-level winds, cloud height, and precipitation. This model still

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2001 saw a major update to how the temperature was calculated. It incorporated corrections due to the following reasons: time-of-observation bias; station history changes; classification of rural/urban station; the urban adjustment based on satellite measurements of night light intensity, and relying

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in Carlisle, Pennsylvania "...for his work advancing our understanding of climate change, including the early application of numerical models to better understand observed climate trends and to project humans' impact on climate, and for his leadership in promoting public understanding of climate and

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publication by Hansen and a team of scientists at Goddard concluded that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would lead to warming sooner than previously predicted. They used a one-dimensional radiative-convective model that calculates temperature as a function of height. They reported that the results

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In 2003, Hansen wrote a paper called "Can We Defuse the Global Warming Time Bomb?" in which he argued that human-caused forces on the climate are now greater than natural ones, and that this, over a long time period, can cause large climate changes. He further stated that a lower limit on "dangerous

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Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global temperature analysis was published in 1981. Hansen and his co-author analyzed the surface air temperature at meteorological stations focusing on the years from 1880 to 1985. Temperatures for stations closer together than 1000 kilometers were shown to

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in 1996 for his "development of pioneering radiative transfer models and studies of planetary atmospheres; development of simplified and three-dimensional global climate models; explication of climate forcing mechanisms; analysis of current climate trends from observational data; and projections of

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stating that the George W. Bush White House had edited climate-related press releases reported by federal agencies to make global warming seem less threatening. He also stated that he was unable to speak freely without the backlash of other government officials, and that he had not experienced that

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that returns the money collected from the fossil fuel industry equally to all legal residents of the United States. In an interview on CBC television on March 3, 2015, Dr Hansen stated "The solution has to be a rising price on carbon and then the really dirty fuels like tar sands would fall on the

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on June 23, 1988. Hansen testified that "Global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse effect and observed warming...It is already happening now" and "The greenhouse effect has been detected and it

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formation. This would speed up ice sheet melting and sea level rise by increasing the water temperature at hundreds of meters depth, thawing ice shelves from below. And the cool fresh meltwater on the ocean close to Greenland and Antarctica leads to larger temperature difference between tropics and

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and colleagues comparing climate projections with observations. The comparison was done from 1990 through January 2007 against physics-based models that are independent from the observations after 1990. They showed that the climate system may be responding faster than the models indicate. Rahmstorf

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In a 2004 presentation at the University of Iowa, Hansen announced that he was told by high-ranking government officials not to talk about how anthropogenic influence could have a dangerous effect on climate because it was not understood what 'dangerous' meant, or how humans were actually affecting

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sun photometers. While the location of the AERONET instruments did not represent a global sample, they could still be used to validate global aerosol climatologies. They found that most aerosol climatologies underestimated the amount of black carbon by a factor of at least 2. This corresponds to an

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in the global temperatures. Bassett and Lin found the statistical odds of a new temperature record to be small. Hansen countered by saying that having insider information shifted the odds to those who know the physics of the climate system, and that whether there is a new temperature record depends

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stated that his comparison "trivialized the suffering of millions" and "undermined his credibility." Citing the reactions of "several people" and "three of his scientific colleagues" as his primary motivation, Hansen stated that he certainly did not mean to trivialize suffering by the families who

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Hansen and coauthors proposed that the global mean temperature was a good tool to diagnose dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Two elements were identified as particularly important when discussing dangerous anthropogenic interference: sea level rise and the extinction of

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By 1974, the composition of Venus' clouds had not yet been determined, with many scientists proposing a wide variety of compounds, including liquid water and aqueous solutions of ferrous chloride. Hansen and Hovenier used the polarization of sunlight reflected from the planet to establish that the

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in the Climate Change category in the ninth edition (2016) of the awards. The two laureates were separately responsible for constructing the first computational models with the power to simulate climate behavior. Decades ago, they correctly predicted how much Earth's temperature would rise due to

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article that reported on the development and variability of clouds in the ultraviolet spectrum. They concluded that there are at least three different cloud materials that contribute to the images: a thin haze layer, sulfuric acid clouds and an unknown ultraviolet absorber below the sulfuric acid

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Hansen stressed the uncertainties around these predictions. "It is difficult to predict time of collapse in such a nonlinear problem … An ice sheet response time of centuries seems probable, and we cannot rule out large changes on decadal time-scales once wide-scale surface melt is underway." He

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Hansen, J.; Sato, Mki.; Ruedy, R.; Kharecha, P.; Lacis, A.; Miller, R.L.; Nazarenko, L.; Lo, K.; Schmidt, G.A.; Russell, G.; Aleinov, I.; Bauer, S.; Baum, E.; Cairns, B.; Canuto, V.; Chandler, M.; Cheng, Y.; Cohen, A.; Del Genio, A.; Faluvegi, G.; Fleming, E.; Friend, A.; Hall, T.; Jackman, C.;

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on regional climate. In recent decades, northern China has experienced increased drought, and southern China has received increased summer rain resulting in a larger number of floods. Southern China has had a decrease in temperatures while most of the world has warmed. In a paper with Menon and

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By the early 1980s, the computational speed of computers, along with refinements in climate models, allowed longer experiments. The models now included physics beyond the previous equations, such as convection schemes, diurnal changes, and snow-depth calculations. The advances in computational

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began the modern development of the general circulation model in the early 20th century. The progress of numerical modeling was slow due to the slow speed of early computers and the lack of adequate observations. It was not until the 1950s that the numerical models were getting close to being

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Schmidt, G.A.; Ruedy, R.; Hansen, J.E.; Aleinov, I.; Bell, N.; Bauer, M.; Bauer, S.; Cairns, B.; Canuto, V.; Cheng, Y.; Del Genio, A.; Faluvegi, G.; Friend, A.D.; Hall, T.M.; Hu, Y.; Kelley, M.; Kiang, N.Y.; Koch, D.; Lacis, A.A.; Lerner, J.; Lo, K.K.; Miller, R.L.; Nazarenko, L.; Oinas, V.;

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had an effect on the derived temperatures. Hansen compared the corrected troposphere temperatures with the results of the published GISS model, and concluded that the model is in good agreement with the observations, noting that the satellite temperature data had been the last holdout of

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In 2016, a team of 19 researchers led by Hansen published a paper "Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous" describing the effect of meltwater from ice sheets on the

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Jonas, J.; Kelley, M.; Kiang, N.Y.; Koch, D.; Labow, G.; Lerner, J.; Menon, S.; Novakov, T.; Oinas, V.; Perlwitz, Ja.; Perlwitz, Ju.; Rind, D.; Romanou, A.; Schmunk, R.; Shindell, D.; Stone, P.; Sun, S.; Streets, D.; Tausnev, N.; Thresher, D.; Unger, N.; Yao, M.; Zhang, S. (2007).

4298:...Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration told a Congressional committee that it was 99 percent certain that the warming trend was not a natural variation but was caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other artificial gases in the atmosphere. 909:

realistic. Hansen's first contribution to numerical climate models came with the 1974 publication of the GISS model. He and his colleagues claimed that the model was successful in simulating the major features of sea-level pressure and 500mb heights in the North American region.

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As of 2014, Hansen directs the Program on Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions at Columbia University's Earth Institute. The program is working to continue to "connect the dots" from advancing basic climate science to promoting public awareness to advocating policy actions.

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The concept of dangerous anthropogenic interference was clarified in a 2007 paper, finding that further warming of 1 °C would be highly disruptive to humans. An alternate scenario would keep the warming to below this if climate sensitivity were below 3 °C for doubled

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Hansen, James E; Sato, Makiko; Simons, Leon; Nazarenko, Larissa S; Sangha, Isabelle; Kharecha, Pushker; Zachos, James C; von Schuckmann, Karina; Loeb, Norman G; Osman, Matthew B; Jin, Qinjian; Tselioudis, George; Jeong, Eunbi; Lacis, Andrew; Ruedy, Reto (February 14, 2023).

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During his testimony before the Iowa Utilities Board in 2007, Hansen likened coal trains to "death trains" and asserted that these would be "no less gruesome than if they were boxcars headed to crematoria, loaded with uncountable irreplaceable species." In response, the

1225:, Hansen's testimony was "pivotal," "ignited public discussion of global warming and moved the controversy from a largely scientific discussion to a full blown science policy debate," and marked "the official beginning of the global warming policy debate." According to 1519:

mortalities is very low, which biases their conclusions. All of these factors are said to make Kharecha and Hansen's article "incomplete and misleading". Kharecha and Hansen countered that all the data these scientists use to make their criticism, "lacks credibility".

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suddenly from one state to another. When temperatures increased to 2–3 °C (36–37 °F) above today's level 3.5 million years ago, sea levels rose not by 59 centimeters but by 25 metres (82 ft). The ice responded immediately to changes in temperature."

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Kerr, R. A. (1989). "Hansen vs. The World on the Greenhouse Threat: Scientists like the attention the greenhouse effect is getting on Capitol Hill, but they shun the reputedly unscientific way their colleague James Hansen went about getting that attention".

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is changing our climate now...We already reached the point where the greenhouse effect is important." Hansen said that NASA was 99% confident that the warming was caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and not a random fluctuation.

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A 2007 paper used the GISS climate model in an attempt to determine the origin of black carbon in the arctic. Much of the arctic aerosol comes from south Asia. Countries such as the United States and Russia have a lower contribution than previously assumed.

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The temperature data was updated in 1999 to report that 1998 was the warmest year since the instrumental data began in 1880. They also found that the rate of temperature change was larger than at any time in instrument history, and concluded that the recent

1515:. They asserted that nuclear power needs large subsidies to be economically viable, and typically there are substantial construction delays and cost overruns associated with nuclear plants. Sovacool et al. also claim that Kharecha and Hansen's estimates of 833:. His view on actions to mitigate climate change was that "halting global warming requires urgent, unprecedented international cooperation, but the needed actions are feasible and have additional benefits for human health, agriculture and the environment." 1699:, said that "I view Jim Hansen as heroic as a scientist.... But I wish he would stick to what he really knows. Because I don't think he has a realistic idea of what is politically possible, or what the best policies would be to deal with this problem." 525:

of the Earth's atmosphere and surface from satellites. Because of the ability of satellites to monitor the entire globe, they may be one of the most effective ways to monitor and study global change. His other interests include the development of

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Hansen noted that in determining responsibility for climate change, the effect of greenhouse gas emissions on climate is determined not by current emissions, but by accumulated emissions over the lifetime of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

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in physics in 1967, all three degrees from the University of Iowa. He participated in the NASA graduate traineeship from 1962 to 1966 and, at the same time, between 1965 and 1966, he was a visiting student at the Institute of Astrophysics at

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The first climate prediction computed from a general circulation model that was published by Hansen was in 1988, the same year as his well-known Senate testimony. The second generation of the GISS model was used to estimate the change in

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was not solely responsible for the large temperature anomaly in 1998. In spite of this, the United States had seen a smaller degree of warming, and a region in the eastern U.S. and the western Atlantic Ocean had actually cooled slightly.

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and Hansen expanded upon this work by looking at the variation of polarization on Venus. They found that the visible clouds are a diffuse haze rather than a thick cloud, confirming the same results obtained from transits across the sun.

1233:, Hansen's "call to action" "elevated the subject of global warming and the specter of associated impacts such as more hurricanes, floods, and heat waves, to unprecedented levels of attention from the public, media, and policy makers." 747:

colleagues, through the use of observations and climate models results, they conclude that the black carbon heats the air, increases convection and precipitation, and leads to larger surface cooling than if the aerosols were sulfates.

1583:, the agency's inspector general confirmed that such activities had taken place, with the NASA Office of Public Affairs having "reduced, marginalized or mischaracterized climate change science made available to the general public". 1523:

In 2013, Hansen and three other leading climate experts wrote an open letter to policy makers, saying that "continued opposition to nuclear power threatens humanity's ability to avoid dangerous climate change." The reaction from

6751: 1294:, but were blocked by a crowd of several hundred coal miners and supporters. Hansen said that mountaintop removal for coal mining " only a small fraction of our energy" and "should be abolished." Hansen called on President 929:

based on a variety of scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions. Hansen concluded that global warming would be evident within the next few decades, and that it would result in temperatures at least as high as during the

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in the radio frequencies compared to the infrared. He proposed that the hot surface was the result of aerosols trapping the internal energy of the planet. More recent studies have suggested that several billion years ago,

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In 2023, Hansen led a team of 18 researchers to publish a paper titled "Global Warming in the Pipeline." In it, Hansen et al. concluded that a doubling of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would lead to an increase of 4.8

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efficiency, combined with the added physics, meant the GISS model could be run for five years. It was shown that global climate can be simulated reasonably well with a grid-point resolution as coarse as 1000 kilometers.

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linking the knowledge to action on climate policy." He delivered a lecture, entitled, "White House Arrest and the Climate Crisis," later that same day at Anita Tuvin Schlechter Auditorium on the college's campus.

1356:, an organization noted for defending the teaching of evolution in United States science classrooms, named Hansen as an advisor to support the extension of its area of concern into the teaching of climate change. 698:

states that global warming continues, and that the increasing temperatures should stimulate discussions on how to slow global warming. The temperature data was updated in 2006 to report that temperatures are now

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climate columnist Christa Marshall asked if Hansen still matters in the ongoing climate debate, noting that he "has irked many longtime supporters with his scathing attacks against President Obama's plan for a

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The first action that people should take is to use the democratic process. What is frustrating people, me included, is that democratic action affects elections but what we get then from political leaders is

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that the Society had erred in giving Hansen the medal: "His body of work is not at issue... Rather, the problem arises due to the AMS' recognition of Hansen's public communication work on climate change."

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In 2000 Hansen authored a paper called "Global warming in the twenty-first century: an alternative scenario" in which he presented a more optimistic way of dealing with global warming, focusing on non-CO

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In 2000, Hansen advanced an alternative view of global warming over the last 100 years, arguing that during that time frame the negative forcing via aerosols and the positive forcing via carbon dioxide

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which records the routine hourly weather observations of temperature, weather type, wind, sky condition, and visibility. These surface stations are located around the world, and are used to derive a

1759:"for his courageous and steadfast advocacy in support of scientists' responsibilities to communicate their scientific opinions and findings openly and honestly on matters of public importance." 514:

program in the physics and astronomy department. A decade later, his focus shifted to planetary research that involved trying to understand the climate change on earth that will result from

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At the end of 2008, Hansen stated five priorities that he felt then President-elect Barack Obama should adopt "for solving the climate and energy problems, while stimulating the economy":

1009:, and that the correction of the data would result in a change from discussing whether global warming is occurring to what is the rate of global warming, and what should be done about it. 1169:

By this measure, among major economies, as of 2009 the U.K. still had the highest cumulative per capita contribution to climate change, followed by the U.S. and Germany, even though the

1488:, entitled "Prevented mortality and greenhouse gas emissions from historical and projected nuclear power". The paper examined mortality rates per unit of electrical power produced from 9523: 8882: 1792:, for his "outstanding contributions to climate modeling, understanding climate change forcings and sensitivity, and for clear communication of climate science in the public arena." 546:

composed mainly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and its clouds are sulfuric acid. The thickness of the atmosphere initially made it difficult to determine why the surface was so hot.

1723:. Hansen said that he had to speak out, since few others could explain the links between politics and the climate models. "You just have to say what you think is right," he said. 5441: 5132: 1657:

Hansen and 1,251 other activists were arrested at a two week long protest in August and September 2011, in front of the White House. Hansen urged President Obama to reject the

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Hansen has warned that low-lying coastal areas such as Florida (seen here), East Anglia, the Netherlands, oceanic islands and Bangladesh are vulnerable to sea levels rising.

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Santer, B.D.; Sausen, R.; Wigley, T.M.L.; Boyle, J.S.; AchutaRao, K.; Doutriaux, C.; Hansen, J.E.; Meehl, G.A.; Roeckner, E.; Ruedy, R.; Schmidt, G.; Taylor, K.E. (2003).

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with radius of about 1 micrometer. Above the cloud layer was a layer of submicrometre haze. Evidence published in the early 1980s showed that the clouds consist mainly of

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wrote: "Dr. Hansen has pushed far beyond the boundaries of the conventional role of scientists, particularly government scientists, in the environmental policy debate."

578:. He looked at the near-infrared reflectivity of ice clouds, compared them to observations of Venus, and found that they qualitatively agreed. He also was able to use a 6877: 6242: 6394:

Kharecha, P.A.; Hansen, J.E. (May 22, 2013). "Response to Comment on "Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power"".

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Hansen retired from NASA in April 2013 after 46 years of government service, saying he planned to take a more active role in the political and legal efforts to limit

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Perlwitz, Ja.; Perlwitz, Ju.; Rind, D.; Romanou, A.; Russell, G.L.; Sato, Mki.; Shindell, D.T.; Stone, P.H.; Sun, S.; Tausnev, N.; Thresher, D.; Yao, M.-S. (2006).

8321: 7778: 4990:"Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous" 1104:

In 2013, Hansen authored a paper called "Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide," in which he estimated climate sensitivity to be (3±1)

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This paper elicited a critical response to Kharecha and Hansen's analysis, from an international group of senior academic energy policy analysts, including

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is an international environmental treaty that has the objective of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would

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Kawabata, K.; Coffeen, D.L.; Hansen, J.E.; Lane, W.A.; Sato, Mko.; Travis, L.D. (1980). "Cloud and Haze Properties from Pioneer Venus Polarimetry".

2079:; Schwartz, S. E.; Hales, J. M.; Cess, R. D.; Coakley Jr, J. A.; Hansen, J. E.; Hofmann, D. J. (1992). "Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols". 1176:

On public policy, Hansen is critical of what he sees as efforts to mislead the public on the issue of climate change. He points specifically to the

669:, 1992 saw a cooling in global temperatures. There was speculation that this would cause the next couple of years to be cooler because of the large 2809:

Travis, L.D.; Coffeen, D.L.; Del Genio, A.D.; Hansen, J.E.; Kawabata, K.; Lacis, A.A.; Lane, W.A.; Limaye, S.A.; Rossow, W.B.; Stone, P.H. (1979).

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Hansen has continued the development and diagnostics of climate models. For instance, he has helped in the investigations of the decadal trends in

6199:"Top U.S. climate expert calls Conservatives 'Neanderthal' Former NASA scientist James Hansen fires back at Natural Resources Minister Joe Oliver" 6005: 4087:

Somerville, R.C.J.; Stone, P.H.; Halem, M.; Hansen, J.E.; Hogan, J.S.; Druyan, L.M.; Russell, G.; Lacis, A.A.; Quirk, W.J.; Tenenbaum, J. (1974).

7773: 7720: 1756: 1571:. Hansen said that NASA public relations staff were ordered to review his public statements and interviews after a December 2005 lecture at the 707:. The regional variation of warming, with more warming in the higher latitudes, is further evidence of warming that is anthropogenic in origin. 6528: 6066: 3081: 2272: 498:

lawsuit, which is suing the United States government and some of its executive branch's positions for not protecting a stable climate system.

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against humanity and nature", on the grounds that these and other fossil-fuel companies had actively spread doubt and misinformation about

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because atmospheric aerosols had health risks, and should be reduced, but doing so would effectively increase the warming effects from CO

5925: 5184: 4814: 4675: 4524: 3984: 3301: 3146: 2810: 1221:, Hansen's testimony "was an important turning point in the history of global climate change." According to Timothy M. O'Donnell of the 9538: 8846: 7815: 7763: 3740: 3559: 1732: 809:) largely balanced each other out, and that the 0.74±0.18 °C net rise in average global temperatures could mostly be explained by 4311: 4225: 4145: 3203: 521:

Hansen has stated that one of his research interests is radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres, especially the interpretation of

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Hansen, J.; Sato, M.; Hearty, P.; Ruedy, R.; Kelley, M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Russell, G.; Tselioudis, G.; Cao, J. (March 22, 2016).

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for "achievements having an outstanding scientific, technological, cultural or social impact on our world". In 2008, he received the

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was much more like Earth's than it is now and that there were probably substantial quantities of liquid water on the surface, but a

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Hansen, J.E.; Cheyney, H. (1968). "Comments on the paper by D.G. Rea and B.T. O'Leary, "On the composition of the Venus clouds"".

8381: 8170: 7328: 2454: 1441: 1218: 5822: 8030: 7993: 7847: 7832: 7741: 7390: 7334: 6933: 6844: 4415:

Previous projections, as summarized by IPCC, have not exaggerated but may in some respects even have underestimated the change.

5899: 1245:, stating that coal contributes the largest percentage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. He has called for 953:

In 2006, Hansen and colleagues compared the observations with the projections made by Hansen in his 1988 testimony before the

703:

warmer than a century ago, and concluded that the recent global warming is a real climate change and not an artifact from the

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cloud layer. The linear polarization data obtained from the same mission confirmed that the low- and mid-level clouds were

579: 433: 5392: 4279: 9493: 8867: 8192: 7970: 7788: 7710: 7700: 7683: 7590: 7397: 7136: 2468: 1696: 766:

Estimations of trends in black carbon emissions show that there was a rapid increase in the 1880s after the start of the

417: 7715: 6036: 5874: 4053: 3486: 9553: 9548: 8955: 8621: 8482: 8439: 7935: 4480:

Wentz, F.J.; M. Schabel (1998). "Effects of orbital decay on satellite-derived lower-tropospheric temperature trends".

1669:

to the Gulf of Mexico. On February 13, 2013, Hansen was again arrested at the White House, along with Daryl Hannah and

1396:

to the Gulf of Mexico. On February 13, 2013, Hansen was again arrested at the White House, along with Daryl Hannah and

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more on rural station than urban. Evidence was found of local urban warming in urban, suburban and small-town records.

355:, where the 0.7°C global mean temperature increase of the last 100 years can essentially be explained by the effect of 1911:

Over 160 publications have been authored by James Hansen. Since 2020, he has published observations and commentary at

1866:. The scores of models currently in use to chart climate evolution are heirs to those developed by Manabe and Hansen. 1115:

data. The paper also concluded that burning all fossil fuels "would make most of the planet uninhabitable by humans."

8990: 8877: 8548: 8424: 8241: 7434: 5827: 2215:

Corell, R. W.; Fabry, V. J.; Hansen, J.; Walker, B.; Liverman, D.; Richardson, K.; Crutzen, P.; Foley, J. A. (2009).

1827:

named Hansen one of its 2012 FP Top 100 Global Thinkers "for sounding the alarm on climate change, early and often".

1785: 1545: 1529: 795: 642: 193: 4574:"Behavior of tropopause height and atmospheric temperature in models, reanalyses, and observations: Decadal changes" 9488: 9116: 8781: 8419: 8399: 8346: 8298: 7350: 5776: 5158: 1380:

to the Gulf of Mexico, Hansen forcefully argued against the use of these unconventional fossil fuels. According to

1177: 550:

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, following his Ph.D. dissertation, Hansen published several papers on the planet

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at the high range of the IPCC projections, and that this was due to thermal expansion and not from melting of the

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Rahmstorf, S.; Cazenave, A.; Church, J.A.; Hansen, J.E.; Keeling, R.F.; Parker, D.E.; Somerville, R.C.J. (2007).

1831: 1789: 1453: 938:

above the 1950–1980 mean for a few years, it would be the "smoking gun" pointing to human-caused global warming.

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at source carbon as oil, gas or coal, with a 100% dividend returned to citizens in equal shares, as proposed by

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Novakov, T.; Ramanathan, V.; Hansen, J.E.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Sato, Mki.; Sinton, J.E.; Satahye, J.A. (2003).

3680:

Sato, Mki.; Hansen, J.; Koch, D.; Lacis, A.; Ruedy, R.; Dubovik, O.; Holben, B.; Chin, M.; Novakov, T. (2003).

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Storms of My Grandchildren: The Truth About the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity

5846: 5767: 4882: 3259:

Hansen, J.E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, Mki.; Imhoff, M.; Lawrence, W.; Easterling, D.; Peterson, T.; Karl, T. (2001).

1073:

warming is offset by climate-cooling aerosols emitted with fossil fuel burning and because at that time non-CO

9543: 8950: 8716: 8251: 7783: 6956: 5511: 5393:"Accommodating climate change science: James Hansen and the rhetorical/political emergence of global warming" 4626:"Present day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: Comparison to in-situ, satellite and reanalysis data" 4061: 1835: 1287: 1222: 1185: 1170: 31: 5979: 8975: 8699: 8371: 7900: 7895: 7800: 7667: 7224: 6346:"Comment on "Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power"" 5797: 5329: 5088: 1740:

in the Environment (endowed with US$ 250,000) for his research on global warming, and was listed as one of

1716: 345: 188: 9109: 8960: 8827: 7910: 7753: 6822: 5562: 3967:

Natural regional climate fluctuations remain larger today than human-made effects such as global warming.

1541: 1475:, the first principle of which requires "a moratorium on coal-fired power plants that do not capture and 1254: 591: 482: 340:, and his advocacy of action to avoid dangerous climate change. In recent years, he has become a climate 5554: 5251:

Remarks of James E. Hansen on 21 November 2006 On Acceptance of WWF Duke of Edinburgh Conservation Medal

4427:

Spencer, R.W.; Christy, J.R. (1990). "Precise Monitoring of Global Temperature Trends from Satellites".

9533: 9422: 8985: 8980: 8935: 8769: 8533: 8336: 8293: 8066: 7988: 7842: 6157: 6013: 4907: 1951: 1921: 1572: 1437: 1337: 1283: 898: 821:. However, even then he wrote "the future balance of forcings is likely to shift toward dominance of CO 462: 582:

to establish an upper limit to the size of the ice particles if the clouds were actually made of ice.

9325: 8638: 8313: 8288: 8261: 8223: 8140: 7958: 7805: 7758: 7508: 7277: 7272: 7267: 6619: 6100: 4224:

Hansen, J.; Russell, G.; Rind, D.; Stone, P.; Lacis, A.; Lebedeff, S.; Ruedy, R.; Travis, L. (1983).

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gases, taken together, were responsible for roughly 50% of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas warming.

735: 564: 8153: 6073: 5243: 3768: 3513: 3120: 2983: 996:

in 1990. Contrary to climate models and surface measurements, their results showed a cooling in the

9242: 8648: 8643: 8633: 8574: 8414: 7920: 7885: 7768: 7695: 7536: 7365: 7301: 7262: 7186: 6623: 5504:"Of loaded dice and heated arguments: Putting the Hansen-Michaels global warming debate in context" 5478: 4312:"Global climate changes as forecast by Goddard Institute for Space Studies three-dimensional model" 1603: 1445: 926: 704: 527: 494: 7078:

Censoring Science: Inside the Political Attack on Dr. James Hansen and the Truth of Global Warming

6709: 6546: 4927:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

4310:

Hansen, J.; Fung, I.; Lacis, A.; Rind, D.; Lebedeff, S.; Ruedy, R.; Russell, G.; Stone, P (1988).

3625:"Black carbon emissions in the United Kingdom during the past four decades: An empirical analysis" 9165: 8862: 8757: 8679: 8589: 8331: 8303: 7983: 7632: 7610: 7217: 6793: 6183: 5062: 3808:"Distant origins of Arctic black carbon: A Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE experiment" 2531: 1870: 1658: 1385: 1369: 1365: 1217:, Hansen's testimony increased public awareness of climate change. According to Richard Besel of 985: 179: 56: 5217: 1819:, for his " key role for the development of our understanding of human-induced climate change." 9563: 9212: 8965: 8945: 8356: 8176: 8118: 8035: 8020: 7905: 7541: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7196: 6982: 6598: 4127: 3952: 3930: 3763: 3460: 3368: 2996: 2978: 2792: 2743: 2194: 1670: 1397: 1181: 1124: 1065:. He notes that the net warming observed to date is roughly as big as that expected from non-CO 970: 954: 946: 738:

near the Snake River introduced a large quantity of black carbon particles into the atmosphere.

555: 6287:"Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power" 4656: 4407: 3663: 2648: 1898: 1463:

where he advocated a "Moratorium and phase-out of coal plants that do not capture and store CO

492:

Hansen is representing his granddaughter as well as "future generations" as plaintiffs in the

9472: 9460: 9147: 8745: 8391: 8268: 8076: 7526: 7449: 5555:"Policy history of the US global change research program: Part I. Administrative development" 5191: 4861: 4732: 4555: 4035: 3521: 3340: 3185: 2909:

Krasnopolsky, V.A.; Parshev, V.A. (1981). "Chemical composition of the atmosphere of Venus".

2857: 2381: 1977: 1927: 1552: 1449: 1433: 1291: 1062: 1006: 767: 603: 441: 383:, to James Ivan Hansen and Gladys Ray Hansen. He was trained in physics and astronomy in the 5356: 5276: 3789: 3606: 9558: 9518: 9448: 9319: 9248: 8584: 8462: 8123: 7688: 7615: 6676: 6515:"James Hansen & Michael Shellenberger: Nuclear Power? Are Renewables Enough? – KlimaTV" 6403: 6360: 6298: 5711: 5674: 5604: 5571: 5011: 4944: 4829: 4762: 4700: 4640: 4585: 4489: 4438: 4375: 4342: 4326: 4256: 4240: 4192: 4160: 4103: 4009: 3883: 3819: 3755: 3693: 3639: 3574: 3530: 3376: 3272: 3242: 3218: 3161: 3096: 3026: 2970: 2920: 2883: 2825: 2776: 2727: 2675: 2614: 2563: 2515: 2313: 2228: 2161: 2088: 2042: 2007: 1476: 1421: 1018: 978: 694:

resulted in a brief drop in subsequent years. However, a 2001 Hansen report in the journal

453: 404: 7132:

Directory entry at the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University

6344:

Sovacool, B.K.; Ramana, M.V.; Jacobson, M.Z.; Diesendorf, M.; et al. (May 22, 2013).

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Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Ruedy, Reto; Lacis, Andrew; Oinas, Valdar (August 29, 2000).

2300:

Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Ruedy, Reto; Lacis, Andrew; Oinas, Valdar (August 29, 2000).

1080:

In a 2007 paper, Hansen discussed the potential danger of "fast-feedback" effects causing

567:

was caused by the evaporation of that original water, which generated a critical level of

8: 9260: 9153: 9046: 8601: 8376: 7600: 7595: 7071: 5771: 5446: 5254: 4883:"Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis – Summary for Policymakers. Table SPM-3" 2076: 1797: 1736:

anthropogenic impacts on the global climate system." In 2001, he received the 7th Annual

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was launched in May 1978 and reached Venus late that same year. Hansen collaborated with

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to help understand the observed climate trends, and diagnosing human impacts on climate.

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Hansen, J.; Johnson, D.; Lacis, A.; Lebedeff, S.; Lee, P; Rind, D.; Russell, G. (1981).

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Hansen, J.; M. Sato; R. Ruedy; P. Kharecha; A. Lacis; R.L. Miller; L. Nazarenko; K. Lo;

3887: 3823: 3759: 3697: 3643: 3578: 3534: 3430: 3380: 3276: 3222: 3165: 3100: 3030: 2974: 2924: 2887: 2829: 2780: 2731: 2679: 2618: 2567: 2519: 2317: 2232: 2165: 2092: 2046: 2011: 1894: 8940: 8930: 8808: 8429: 8361: 8278: 8128: 8093: 8050: 8045: 8040: 7605: 6603: 6437: 5851: 5692: 5664: 5528: 5412: 5037: 5001: 4965: 4934: 4922: 4853: 4724: 4690: 4547: 4505: 4462: 4399: 4184: 4027: 3999: 3781: 3655: 3598: 3399: 3363: 3332: 3234: 3177: 3112: 2936: 2849: 2640: 2254: 2112: 2058: 1773:

for his "outstanding achievements" in science. At the end of 2008, Hansen was named by

1645: 1516: 763:, which they hypothesize is partially offset by the cooling of non-absorbing aerosols. 670: 646: 507: 457: 392: 153: 140: 6693:

In my opinion, these CEOs should be tried for high crimes against humanity and nature.

6529:"Testimony of Michael D. Shellenberger, Founder and President, Environmental Progress" 5583: 5306: 3716: 3681: 1128:

middle latitudes, what would enable storms as strong as in the last interglacial, the

1021:

clouds. A later paper showed that the model's main problems are having too weak of an

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and then apologized, saying he regretted that his words caused pain to some readers.

893: 862: 612: 400: 317: 9272: 7024: 5696: 5532: 5416: 4728: 4466: 4403: 4188: 4031: 3659: 3602: 3336: 3238: 2853: 2116: 1838:

Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communications at a ceremony in San Francisco

829:

anthropogenic interference" was set by the stability of the Greenland and Antarctic

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Hansen, J. E.; Travis, L. D. (1974). "Light scattering in planetary atmospheres".

1998:

Hansen, J.; Sato, M.; Ruedy, R. (1997). "Radiative forcing and climate response".

1312:

Hansen and about 100 other people were arrested in September 2010 in front of the

9402: 9331: 9296: 9290: 9218: 8915: 8910: 8658: 8579: 8543: 8472: 8446: 8434: 8351: 8283: 8158: 8015: 7627: 7578: 7556: 7190: 6456:"Top climate change scientists issue open letter to policy influencers – CNN.com" 5907: 5244:"The Threat to the Planet: How Can We Avoid Dangerous Human-Made Climate Change?" 4543: 4172: 3362:

Hansen, J.; Sato, Mki.; Ruedy, R.; Lo, K.; Lea, D.W.; Medina-Elizade, M. (2006).

2100: 1810: 1763: 1741: 1692: 1512: 1226: 1025:-like variability, and poor sea ice modeling, resulting in too little ice in the 901:

computed for three scenarios and compared with two analysis of observational data

429: 388: 97: 9455: 6562:

They feel their job is to be this censor of information going out to the public.

5687: 5648: 4226:"Efficient three-dimensional global models for climate studies: Models I and II" 2837: 1972: 9343: 9081: 9016: 8611: 8467: 8409: 8404: 8246: 8135: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7705: 7642: 7380: 7360: 7319: 7240: 7083: 6131: 5636: 4284: 2606: 2550:"Runaway and moist greenhouse atmospheres and the evolution of earth and Venus" 1854: 1823: 1813:, the author of the 1991 best-selling novel and teenagers' guide to philosophy 1683: 1630: 1364:

In a CBC interview aired in April 2013, as Canadian Natural Resources Minister

1317: 1246: 1202: 1089: 873:

cuts. Further findings are that arctic climate change has been forced by non-CO

803: 622: 568: 522: 360: 356: 352: 337: 333: 7171: 7140: 6575: 5524: 5408: 5056: 4712: 2476: 1580: 9482: 9408: 9372: 9278: 9266: 9254: 9183: 9177: 8920: 8883:

Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility (IV&V)

8801: 8684: 8616: 8341: 8163: 8148: 8083: 7978: 7162: 6469: 5644: 5640: 5370: 5330:"We have only four years left to act on climate change – America has to lead" 5114: 5105: 5033: 5024: 4989: 4123: 4065: 3980: 2507: 2425: 2408: 2335: 1965: 1708: 1673:, during a further protest against the proposed Keystone pipeline extension. 1493: 1400:, during a further protest against the proposed Keystone pipeline extension. 1329: 1306: 1282:

charges of obstructing police and impeding traffic, during a protest against

1242: 1001: 626: 618: 511: 510:, Hansen was attracted to science and the research done by James Van Allen's 478: 384: 376: 163: 128: 7148: 6424: 6321: 4387: 4338: 4022: 3706: 3586: 3389: 3038: 2992: 2895: 2696: 2687: 2635: 9313: 9284: 9236: 9206: 9171: 9071: 9051: 8569: 8366: 8010: 8000: 7647: 7531: 6465: 6433: 6380: 6330: 6184:"Climate test for Obama: 1,252 people arrested over notorious oil pipeline" 4974: 4956: 4849: 4841: 4794: 4775: 4458: 4395: 4180: 3915: 3896: 3725: 3594: 3408: 3328: 2845: 2583: 2353: 2326: 2250: 2181: 2108: 1806: 1622: 1609: 1525: 1489: 1460: 1413: 1295: 1275: 1112: 1085: 1058: 989: 743: 607: 2500:"The atmosphere and surface temperature of Venus: A dust insulation model" 1593:

level of restrictions on communicating with the public during his career.

1567:

administrators had attempted to influence his public statements about the

9366: 9349: 9337: 9086: 8596: 8113: 8105: 7355: 5856: 4877: 4598: 4573: 4208:"Experts Find Possible Climatic 'Bomb'", Eleanor Randolph, Staff writer, 3832: 3807: 3777: 3543: 3285: 3260: 3230: 1737: 1712: 1650: 1626: 1614: 1533: 1504: 1316:

in Washington, DC. The group was seeking a ban on mountaintop removal or

1313: 1279: 1109: 997: 730: 574:

Hansen continued his study of Venus by looking at the composition of its

449: 329: 320:

directing the Program on Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions of the

218: 6243:"Power and Politics with Evan Solomon - Power and Politics - CBC Player" 5054: 4695: 4004: 3848: 2762:"Interpretation of the variation of polarization over the disk of Venus" 984:

Following the launch of spacecraft capable of determining temperatures,

266: 9390: 9378: 9224: 9132: 9101: 9022:

Christyl Johnson (Deputy Director, Technology and Research Investments)

8628: 8005: 7107: 6733: 6473: 6217:"Daryl Hannah leads celebrity Keystone XL protest at White House gates" 4720: 4652: 3173: 3108: 2054: 1874: 1720: 1618: 1588: 1537: 1429: 1333: 1013: 594:

which eliminated all of the proposed cloud types except sulfuric acid.

208: 158: 6680: 6488:"More nukes? Are you kidding? Enviros push back against Hansen's call" 6415: 6372: 6311: 6286: 3261:"A closer look at United States and global surface temperature change" 2019: 1691:

wrote that Hansen is "increasingly isolated among climate activists."

679: 7573: 7011:"James Hansen Honored for Pioneering Work in Climate Change Modeling" 6646:"Put oil firm chiefs on trial, says leading climate change scientist" 6152: 4751:"Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario" 3985:"Dangerous human-made interference with climate: A GISS modelE study" 3872:"Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario" 2932: 2302:"Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario" 1340:. He has made many appearances and talks supporting the work of CCL. 1271: 1259: 1152: 1081: 830: 7173:

James Hansen - Scientific Reticence: A Threat to Humanity and Nature

6794:"AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility: James Hansen" 4523:

Hansen, J.E.; Sato, Mki.; Ruedy, R.; Lacis, A.; Glascoe, J. (1998).

3978: 3014: 2549: 2241: 2216: 796:

prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

7176:. Press Conference in Bonn during COP23, 2017-11-19 (24 min). From 6819:"NASA Climate Scientist Honored by American Meteorological Society" 5006: 4889: 3738: 3505: 2527: 2277: 1767: 1748: 538: 467: 445: 341: 5669: 4939: 4501: 1912: 1132:, whose evidence includes, among others, megaboulders on Bahamas. 881:. The 2007 paper cautioned that prompt action is needed to slow CO 782: 7551: 7209: 5847:"Daryl Hannah, scientist among 30 arrested at W.Va. mine protest" 1960: 1634: 1041: 814: 755: 364: 6343: 399:

in physics and mathematics with highest distinction in 1963, an

298: 42: 8564: 7200: 7166: 7145:

Directory entry at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies

7116: 6576:"Top NASA Scientist Says He's Being Silenced on Global Warming" 5159:"Leading climate scientist: 'democratic process isn't working'" 4923:"Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide" 3741:"Large historical changes of fossil-fuel black carbon aerosols" 2198: 2130: 1129: 1036: 941: 931: 869:

greenhouse gases could provide temporary relief from drastic CO

754:

to publish a study on black carbon using the global network of

575: 260: 7025:"Hansen, Ramanathan win Tang Prize in sustainable development" 5944:"Police Arrest Dozens Of People Protesting Mountaintop Mining" 5304: 3147:"Commentary on the significance of global temperature records" 1207:

United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

885:

growth and to prevent a dangerous anthropogenic interference.

637: 440:. He later applied and refined these models to understand the 8478:

Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

7561: 6064:

James Hansen. Tell Barack Obama the Truth – The Whole Truth.

4358: 3560:"Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India" 3511: 1637:

companies tried to hide the link between smoking and cancer.

1332:, advocating instead what he believes would be a progressive 551: 7177: 2808: 2273:"Top NASA scientist arrested (again) in White House protest" 2213: 2131:"Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions Program home page" 888: 8824: 5358:"Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change" 5055:

Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions (March 21, 2016),

4253:

10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<0609:ETDGMF>2.0.CO;2

4116:

10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<0084:TGMOTG>2.0.CO;2

2789:

10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<1133:IOTVOP>2.0.CO;2

2740:

10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1137:IOTPOV>2.0.CO;2

2627:

10.1175/1520-0469(1968)025<0629:NIROVA>2.0.CO;2

1564: 1093: 715: 654: 474: 380: 6734:"Does NASA's James Hansen Still Matter in Climate Debate?" 5631: 4143: 4086: 2867: 1456:

to prevent the creation of new long-lived nuclear waste."

9524:

Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

8654:

Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change

6285:

Kharecha, Pushker A.; Hansen, James E. (March 15, 2013).

5277:"Can We Still Avoid Dangerous Human-Made Climate Change?" 5221: 5085: 4920: 4622: 4146:"Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide" 2873: 2455:"Hansen's Climate Science and Advocacy Project Under Way" 2075: 1613:, and in a separate op-ed, Hansen has called for putting 1444:, stating that the $ 25 Billion (US) surplus held in the 1408:

Recently Hansen stated his support for a revenue-neutral

1061:

in the short run, giving more time to make reductions in

7183: 5900:"A Plea To President Obama: End Mountaintop Coal Mining" 5823:"Hannah, Hansen arrested in mountaintop removal protest" 4921:

Hansen, J.; Sato, M.; Russell, G.; Kharecha, P. (2013).

3972: 3558:

Menon, S.; Hansen, J.E.; Nazarenko, L.; Luo, Y. (2002).

3082:"Breaking global temperature records after Mt. Pinatubo" 742:

Hansen has also contributed toward the understanding of

6190: 6006:"Climate scientist James Hansen hopes summit will fail" 5737:"Hansen's correspondence with NMA re "coal crematoria"" 5058:

Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms Video Abstract

4672: 4571: 3682:"Global atmospheric black carbon inferred from AERONET" 3557: 3202:

Hansen, J.; Ruedy, R.; Glascoe, J.; Sato, Mki. (1999).

2953: 2759: 1596: 1173:

currently produces the highest total annual emissions.

1143: 865:

were considered dangerous, but that reduction in non-CO

690:

The anomalously high global temperature in 1998 due to

4223: 3201: 3015:"Global surface air temperatures: Update through 1987" 1877:. Hansen's prize had a total value of NT$ 25 million. 1711:

system." "The right wing loves what he's doing," said

1000:. However, in 1998, Wentz and Schabel determined that 267:

The atmosphere of Venus : a dust insulation model

9420: 8495:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

6796:. American Association for the Advancement of Science 4987: 4479: 4361:"Recent climate observations compared to projections" 3258: 3012: 1949: 1649:

James Hansen arrested at a demonstration outside the

792:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

8823: 6037:"Nasa climate expert makes personal appeal to Obama" 5967: 5965: 5133:"The Godfather of Climate Science Turns Up the Heat" 4676:"Climate simulations for 1880–2003 with GISS modelE" 4522: 3869: 2599:"Near infrared reflectivity of Venus and ice clouds" 2299: 1440:. Regarding nuclear, he expressed opposition to the 1270:

On June 23, 2009, James Hansen, along with 30 other

456:

has contributed to the further understanding of the

452:

have on Earth's climate. His development and use of

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Dejusticia: The Center for Law, Justice and Society

7117:

Program on Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions

5926:"About 100 arrested in DC mountaintop mining rally" 4420: 4309: 3944: 3679: 2956:"Global trends of measured surface air temperature" 2908: 1753:

American Association for the Advancement of Science

1290:. The protesters intended to enter the property of 718:that many of the U.S. temperature records from the 7075: 6673:"Guest Opinion: Global Warming Twenty Years Later" 6214: 4666: 4525:"Global climate data and models: A reconciliation" 3300:Hansen, J.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, Mki.; Lo, K. (2002). 2541: 1869:In June 2018, Hansen was named joint winner, with 1459:In 2009, Hansen wrote an open letter to President 777: 255:NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies 1967–2013 6850:. American Meteorological Society. Archived from 5962: 3487:"NASA Revisions Create a Stir in The Blogosphere" 3361: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3299: 3293: 3252: 2802: 1558: 9480: 8695:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6596: 6178: 6176: 6174: 5442:"Scientist Says Greenhouse Effect is Setting in" 5305:Catherine Herrick / Bill Owens (June 30, 2006). 5177: 4473: 2753: 2704: 2497: 1196: 734:The incomplete combustion of biomass during the 351:Hansen also proposed an alternative approach of 8926:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRS) 6900:"Climate scientist Hansen wins $ 100,000 prize" 6752:"Directory of the National Academy of Sciences" 6617: 6547:"Climate Expert Says NASA Tried to Silence Him" 6067:"Tell Barack Obama the Truth – The Whole Truth" 5779:, November 7, 2007, Retrieved November 23, 2012 4303: 4280:"Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate" 4080: 3195: 3138: 3079: 3006: 2947: 2658: 2306:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1997: 1757:Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility 1640: 6599:"NASA Office Is Criticized on Climate Reports" 6573: 6393: 6284: 6264:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 242. 5612:State of Iowa: Before the Iowa Utilities Board 4905: 4426: 4273: 4271: 4269: 3350: 2710: 2366:Charles Sherwin Shene and Donna Hansen Stene, 1853:James Hansen was co-winner with climatologist 1368:lobbied in Washington, DC for approval of the 632: 473:From 1981 to 2013, he was the director of the 9117: 8809: 7430:History of climate change policy and politics 7225: 6878:"Science Group Erred Giving Hansen Top Honor" 6643: 6544: 6259: 6171: 5501: 5435: 5433: 5130: 4352: 4217: 4051: 3622: 3204:"GISS analysis of surface temperature change" 3073: 2811:"Cloud images from the Pioneer Venus orbiter" 2713:"Interpretation of the polarization of Venus" 2664: 2596: 2491: 2379: 1777:and a panel of 600 scientist-advisors as the 1482:In March 2013, Hansen co-authored a paper in 1265: 1241:Hansen has been particularly critical of the 1236: 470:"Why I must speak out about climate change". 9529:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal recipients 9385:Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association 6670: 6611: 6060: 6058: 5597: 5386: 5384: 4616: 4516: 3950: 3931:"Can we defuse the global warming time bomb" 3512:J. Hansen; R. Ruedy; M. Sato; K. Lo (2010). 3484: 3451: 3144: 2902: 2032: 1859:BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award 1771:Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Service 1755:(AAAS) selected James Hansen to receive its 1037:Climate forcings, feedbacks, and sensitivity 501: 348:, on a few occasions leading to his arrest. 201:BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award 8873:Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) 7547:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 7119:at the Earth Institute, Columbia University 6664: 6637: 6196: 4565: 4266: 3732: 3616: 3454:"The Real Deal: Usufruct & the Gorilla" 2441:"Why I must speak out about climate change" 1121:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 466:, was published. In 2012, he presented the 370: 9124: 9110: 8868:Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) 8816: 8802: 8776: 8764: 8221: 7232: 7218: 7184:United Planet Faith and Science Initiative 7155: 6813: 6811: 5430: 5215: 4137: 3846: 3805: 1915:, averaging approximately once per month. 1617:company executives, including the CEOs of 1191: 759:increase in the climate forcing of around 412:and in the department of astronomy at the 96: 9025:Ray Rubilotta (Associate Center Director) 8956:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) 8516: 8322:Adaptation strategies on the German coast 7455:United Nations Climate Change conferences 6423: 6320: 6310: 6055: 6034: 5875:"Hansen of NASA Arrested in Coal Country" 5686: 5668: 5439: 5381: 5218:"They Call It Pollution. We Call It Life" 5131:Wallace-Wells, David (November 8, 2023). 5104: 5023: 5005: 4964: 4938: 4879:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4784: 4774: 4694: 4607: 4597: 4277: 4089:"The GISS model of the global atmosphere" 4021: 4003: 3905: 3895: 3831: 3799: 3767: 3715: 3705: 3551: 3542: 3398: 3388: 3284: 2982: 2695: 2634: 2590: 2461: 2424: 2343: 2325: 2240: 1841:On November 7, 2013, Hansen received the 1762:In 2007, Hansen shared the US$ 1-million 1382:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 934:. He argued that if the temperature rose 889:Climate model development and projections 30:For other people named James Hansen, see 9131: 8026:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation 6875: 6821:. NASA. January 14, 2009. Archived from 6773:"The Heinz Awards, James Hansen profile" 6731: 6703: 6701: 6215:Suzanne Goldenberg (February 13, 2013). 6210: 6208: 5868: 5866: 4808: 4806: 4804: 3938:NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies 3673: 3445: 1644: 1231:National Center for Atmospheric Research 1040: 961:used was higher than current estimates. 940: 892: 781: 729: 636: 537: 518:changes of the atmospheric composition. 67:of all important aspects of the article. 8382:National Adaptation Programme of Action 8171:Land use, land-use change, and forestry 6808: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6707: 5703: 4054:"General Circulation Models of Climate" 2547: 2373: 1442:Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository 1343: 1219:California Polytechnic State University 725: 477:Goddard Institute for Space Studies in 328:. He is best known for his research in 14: 9481: 8031:Economics of climate change mitigation 7994:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard) 7507: 7335:Scientific consensus on climate change 6197:Fitzpatrick, Meagan (April 27, 2013). 6124: 5872: 5788: 5709: 5647:; Royer, D. L.; Zachos, J. C. (2008). 5552: 5377:from the original on January 15, 2022. 5300: 5298: 5296: 5274: 5241: 5065:from the original on December 22, 2021 4812: 4748: 3953:"Dangerous Anthropogenic Interference" 3928: 1919: 1830:In December 2012, Hansen received the 1485:Environmental Science & Technology 444:, and in particular, the effects that 346:mitigate the effects of global warming 332:, his 1988 Congressional testimony on 63:Please consider expanding the lead to 9105: 8797: 8690:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 8515: 8220: 7956: 7506: 7418: 7299: 7251: 7213: 7070: 6954: 6876:Freedman, Andrew (January 29, 2009). 6698: 6567: 6485: 6205: 6158:"Three new climate advisors for NCSE" 6154:National Center for Science Education 6098: 5863: 5605:"Direct Testimony of James E. Hansen" 5467: 5390: 5327: 5126: 5124: 5081: 5079: 4801: 2711:Hansen, J.E.; Hovenier, J.W. (1974). 2498:Hansen, J.E.; Matsushima, S. (1967). 2406: 2217:"A safe operating space for humanity" 2188: 1784:In 2009, Hansen was awarded the 2009 1403: 1354:National Center for Science Education 992:published the first version of their 336:that helped raise broad awareness of 316:(born March 29, 1941) is an American 8951:Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) 8712:Representative Concentration Pathway 7653:Tipping points in the climate system 7329:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere 6869: 6720: 6708:Kolbert, Elizabeth (June 29, 2009). 6035:Randerson, James (January 2, 2009). 6003: 5710:Revkin, Andrew (November 26, 2007). 5657:The Open Atmospheric Science Journal 5440:Weisskopf, Michael (June 24, 1988). 5354: 5348: 5156: 5150: 2150: 1788:, the highest honor bestowed by the 1726: 1597:Trials for energy company executives 1359: 1298:to abolish mountaintop coal mining. 1144:Analysis of climate change causation 36: 8483:Nationally determined contributions 8193:Individual action on climate change 7398:World energy supply and consumption 6955:Baker, David R (December 5, 2012). 6932:. November 26, 2012. Archived from 6732:Marshall, Christa (July 14, 2009). 6574:Bill Blakemore (January 29, 2006). 5873:Revkin, Andrew C. (June 23, 2009). 5789:Hansen, James (November 28, 2007). 5643:; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Pagani, M.; 5293: 5275:Hansen, James (February 10, 2006). 5242:Hansen, James (November 21, 2006). 4813:Hansen, James; et al. (2007). 4749:Hansen, James; et al. (2000). 4278:Shabecoff, Philip (June 24, 1988). 4096:Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 3514:"Global Surface Temperature Change" 3080:Bassett, Jr., G.W; Lin, Z. (1993). 1697:Pew Center on Global Climate Change 945:Hansen giving testimony before the 813:other than carbon dioxide, such as 674:upon the particular data set used. 533: 418:Goddard Institute for Space Studies 24: 9514:Goddard Space Flight Center people 8976:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) 8961:Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) 8622:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis 7239: 7064: 6957:"Climate guru slams cap and trade" 6545:Andrew Revkin (January 29, 2006). 6099:Kloor, Keith (November 26, 2009). 5355:Rich, Nathaniel (August 5, 2018). 5121: 5076: 3623:Novakov, T.; Hansen, J.E. (2004). 2954:Hansen, J.E.; S. Lebedeff (1987). 2760:Kawabata, K.; J.E. Hansen (1975). 2597:Hansen, J.E.; Cheyney, H. (1968). 2407:Kloor, Keith (November 26, 2009). 2380:David Herring (November 5, 2007). 1779:Scientist Communicator of the Year 1492:(coal and natural gas) as well as 1471:, similarly, Hansen discusses his 1123:(slowing it or even stopping) and 994:satellite temperature measurements 969:and coauthors showed concern that 25: 9575: 9539:American sustainability advocates 8991:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 8986:James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 8936:Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) 8878:Spacecraft Magnetic Test Facility 8549:Satellite temperature measurement 8154:forestry for carbon sequestration 7435:History of climate change science 7101: 6618:Clayton Sandell (June 23, 2008). 6597:Andrew C. Revkin (June 3, 2008). 6464:The letter was signed by Hansen, 5828:West Virginia Public Broadcasting 5328:McKie, Robin (January 18, 2009). 5216:Sutherland, J.J. (May 23, 2006). 3951:James Hansen (October 26, 2004). 3427:GISS Surface Temperature Analysis 1786:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal 1586:In June 2006, Hansen appeared on 1546:economics of nuclear power plants 1530:Natural Resources Defense Council 1328:In 2009 Hansen spoke out against 964:A year later, Hansen joined with 750:A year later, Hansen teamed with 643:automated airport weather station 432:, Hansen continued his work with 194:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal 9509:21st-century American physicists 9504:20th-century American physicists 9466: 9454: 9442: 9430: 8981:Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) 8775: 8763: 8752: 8751: 8739: 8400:Climate Change Performance Index 7779:Destruction of cultural heritage 7035: 7017: 7003: 6975: 6948: 6926:"The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers" 6918: 6892: 6837: 6786: 6765: 6744: 6590: 6538: 6521: 6507: 6486:Upton, John (November 7, 2013). 6479: 6448: 6387: 6337: 6278: 6253: 6235: 6146: 6125:Gillis, Justin (April 1, 2013). 6118: 6092: 6004:Bone, James (December 3, 2009). 5777:Knight Science Journalism at MIT 5089:"Global warming in the pipeline" 4815:"Climate change and trace gases" 3485:Marc Kaufman (August 15, 2007). 3013:Hansen, J.; S. Lebedeff (1988). 1971: 1959: 1887: 1452:that consume nuclear waste, and 1323: 1178:Competitive Enterprise Institute 837:climate. He described this as a 586:clouds were spherical and had a 41: 8888:Spacecraft Fabrication Facility 8539:Instrumental temperature record 8490:Sustainable Development Goal 13 6644:Ed Pilkington (June 23, 2008). 6620:"Global Warming 20 Years Later" 6127:"Climate Maverick to Quit NASA" 6028: 5997: 5973:"James Hansen. Letter to Obama" 5950:. Dow Jones. September 27, 2010 5936: 5918: 5910:. June 22, 2009. Archived from 5892: 5855:. June 23, 2009. Archived from 5839: 5831:. June 23, 2009. Archived from 5815: 5782: 5768:More from NASA's Hansen on coal 5761: 5729: 5625: 5546: 5495: 5474:The Discovery of Global Warming 5461: 5321: 5268: 5235: 5209: 5185:"Hansen's Kingsnorth testimony" 5048: 4981: 4914: 4906:George Monbiot (July 3, 2007). 4899: 4871: 4742: 4202: 4058:The Discovery of Global Warming 4045: 3922: 3863: 3840: 3478: 3415: 3145:Hansen, J.; Wilson, H. (1993). 3062:. June 23, 1988. Archived from 3053:"Statement of Dr. James Hansen" 3045: 2447: 2433: 2400: 2360: 2000:Journal of Geophysical Research 1880: 1832:Commonwealth Club of California 1790:American Meteorological Society 1528:environmental groups (e.g. the 1213:According to science historian 778:Anthropogenic impact on climate 667:1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo 610:and other colleagues in a 1979 436:, attempting to understand the 55:may be too short to adequately 8971:Goddard Earth Observing System 8607:Climate variability and change 7957: 7638:Retreat of glaciers since 1850 6671:James Hansen (June 23, 2008). 6186:. Mongabay. September 6, 2011. 5796:. James Hansen. Archived from 5712:"Climate, Coal and Crematoria" 5502:O'Donnell, Timothy M. (2000). 5157:Adam, David (March 18, 2009). 4609:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-01DA-8 3652:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.04.031 2293: 2265: 2207: 2144: 2123: 2069: 2026: 1991: 1809:, set up in 1997 by Norwegian 1559:Political interference at NASA 1434:generation IV nuclear reactors 1186:George W. Bush Administrations 1069:gases only. This is because CO 720:Historical Climatology Network 65:provide an accessible overview 27:American physicist (born 1941) 13: 1: 9013:Dennis J. Andrucyk (Director) 8863:Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) 8717:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 8252:Climate emergency declaration 6105:Nature Reports Climate Change 5653:: Where Should Humanity Aim?" 5584:10.1016/s0959-3780(00)00006-6 4451:10.1126/science.247.4950.1558 4062:American Institute of Physics 3806:Koch, D.; Hansen, J. (2005). 3429:. August 2007. Archived from 3321:10.1126/science.295.5553.275c 2413:Nature Reports Climate Change 2382:"Earth's Temperature Tracker" 2174:10.1126/science.244.4908.1041 1984: 1563:In 2006, Hansen alleged that 1288:Raleigh County, West Virginia 1249:completely by the year 2030. 1223:University of Mary Washington 1197:US Senate committee testimony 1017:has problems with regions of 877:constituents as much as by CO 32:James Hansen (disambiguation) 8946:Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 8700:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report 7926:Middle East and North Africa 7252: 4544:10.1126/science.281.5379.930 4173:10.1126/science.213.4511.957 3853:The New York Review of Books 3847:Jim Hansen (July 13, 2006). 3452:James Hansen (August 2007). 2576:10.1016/0019-1035(88)90116-9 2101:10.1126/science.255.5043.423 1733:National Academy of Sciences 1717:Center for American Progress 1676: 1641:Arrest at 2011 demonstration 857:. The conclusion was that CO 506:As a college student at the 416:. He then began work at the 189:National Academy of Sciences 7: 9186:(Jordan, USA, Saudi Arabia) 8828:Goddard Space Flight Center 7774:Depopulation of settlements 7419: 7197:James Hansen's publications 6089:accessed December 10, 2009. 5688:10.2174/1874282300802010217 5563:Global Environmental Change 5363:The New York Times Magazine 4052:Spencer Weart (July 2008). 3364:"Global temperature change" 2838:10.1126/science.205.4401.74 2195:James Hansen's publications 1945: 1751:in 2006. Also in 2006, the 1749:100 Most Influential People 1659:Keystone pipeline extension 1542:nuclear safety and security 1448:"should be used to develop 1386:Keystone pipeline extension 1370:Keystone pipeline extension 1255:National Mining Association 1160:— James Hansen (March 2009) 633:Global temperature analysis 592:cloud drop effective radius 483:Goddard Space Flight Center 460:. In 2009, his first book, 403:in astronomy in 1965 and a 10: 9580: 9494:American climate activists 8534:Global surface temperature 8425:Popular culture depictions 8337:Ecosystem-based adaptation 8067:Carbon capture and storage 7989:Carbon offsets and credits 7300: 7043:"Dr James Hansen Archives" 6262:Storms of My Grandchildren 5635:; Sato, M.; Kharecha, P.; 5391:Besel, Richard D. (2013). 5093:Oxford Open Climate Change 4908:"A Sudden Change of State" 3849:"The Threat to the Planet" 3302:"Global warming continues" 1731:Hansen was elected to the 1573:American Geophysical Union 1473:Declaration of Stewardship 1469:Storms of My Grandchildren 1438:carbon capture and storage 1284:mountaintop removal mining 1266:Mountaintop removal mining 1237:Criticism of coal industry 1171:People's Republic of China 899:global surface temperature 463:Storms of My Grandchildren 29: 9554:People from Denison, Iowa 9549:University of Iowa alumni 9359: 9306: 9194:Biopharmaceutical Science 9193: 9140: 9032: 9006: 8999: 8896: 8855: 8834: 8746:Climate change portal 8733: 8672: 8639:Extreme event attribution 8557: 8526: 8522: 8511: 8455: 8390: 8312: 8262:School Strike for Climate 8234: 8230: 8216: 8185: 8141:Climate-smart agriculture 8102: 8059: 7969: 7965: 7952: 7876: 7729: 7676: 7519: 7515: 7502: 7425: 7414: 7343: 7312: 7308: 7295: 7278:Climate change adaptation 7273:Climate change mitigation 7268:Effects of climate change 7258: 7247: 7189:February 6, 2018, at the 7029:Focus Taiwan News Channel 5553:Pielke, Roger A. (2000). 5525:10.1080/02691720050199199 5409:10.1017/S0269889712000312 4713:10.1007/s00382-007-0255-8 2370:Decorah, IA, 2009, 56-57. 1920:Hansen, James E. (2009). 1862:increasing atmospheric CO 1795:Andrew Freedman wrote in 1715:, a senior fellow at the 1084:disintegration, based on 1007:global warming denialists 736:Yellowstone fires of 1988 565:runaway greenhouse effect 542:Venus is surrounded by a 528:global circulation models 502:Research and publications 434:radiative transfer models 423: 293: 289: 277: 259: 245: 235: 228: 172: 146: 136: 107: 95: 88: 9019:(Deputy Center Director) 8649:Global warming potential 8456:International agreements 8103:Preserving and enhancing 7537:Arctic methane emissions 7459:Years in climate change 7366:Greenhouse gas emissions 7263:Causes of climate change 7203:bibliographic database. 5479:Harvard University Press 5025:10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016 4822:Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 2558:(Submitted manuscript). 2426:10.1038/climate.2009.124 2201:bibliographic database. 1601:In 2008 interviews with 1569:causes of climate change 927:mean surface temperature 705:urban heat island effect 580:radiative transfer model 495:Juliana v. United States 371:Early life and education 9489:American climatologists 9166:Veerabhadran Ramanathan 9141:Sustainable Development 8680:Climate change scenario 8332:Disaster risk reduction 7984:Carbon emission trading 7794:U.S. insurance industry 7764:Civilizational collapse 7611:sea surface temperature 7205:(subscription required) 6961:San Francisco Chronicle 5307:"Rewriting the Science" 4388:10.1126/science.1136843 4339:10.1029/JD093iD08p09341 4214:, August 9, 1981, pg B3 4023:10.5194/acp-7-2287-2007 3707:10.1073/pnas.0731897100 3587:10.1126/science.1075159 3390:10.1073/pnas.0606291103 3039:10.1029/GL015i004p00323 2993:10.1029/JD092iD11p13345 2896:10.1029/JA085iA13p08129 2688:10.1029/JB073i018p06136 2203:(subscription required) 1871:Veerabhadran Ramanathan 1775:EarthSky Communications 1661:intended to carry more 1633:, in the same way that 1540:) was negative, citing 1388:intended to carry more 1372:intended to carry more 1338:Citizens' Climate Lobby 1301:After Hansen's arrest, 1192:Climate change activism 180:Klopsteg Memorial Award 9499:Atmospheric physicists 9213:Emmanuelle Charpentier 8966:NASA Earth Observatory 8673:Research and modelling 8357:Nature-based solutions 8177:Nature-based solutions 8119:Carbon dioxide removal 8036:Fossil fuel divestment 8021:Climate risk insurance 7931:Small island countries 7542:Arctic sea ice decline 6260:Hansen, James (2009). 6101:"The Eye of the Storm" 5835:on September 28, 2011. 5649:"Target Atmospheric CO 5106:10.1093/oxfclm/kgad008 4957:10.1098/rsta.2012.0294 4842:10.1098/rsta.2007.2052 4776:10.1073/pnas.170278997 3929:Hansen, James (2003). 3897:10.1073/pnas.170278997 3369:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2548:Kasting, J.F. (1988). 2475:. NASA. Archived from 2409:"The eye of the storm" 2327:10.1073/pnas.170278997 1671:Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. 1654: 1398:Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. 1352:. The same month, the 1258:lost relatives in the 1247:phasing out coal power 1205:to testify before the 1201:Hansen was invited by 1157: 1125:Antarctic bottom water 1050: 955:United States Congress 950: 947:United States Congress 902: 787: 739: 650: 556:brightness temperature 547: 9148:Gro Harlem Brundtland 8634:Earth's energy budget 8517:Background and theory 8405:Climate crisis (term) 8077:Fossil fuel phase-out 7971:Economics and finance 7936:by individual country 7878:By country and region 7853:Security and conflict 7848:Psychological impacts 7527:Abrupt climate change 7450:Charles David Keeling 7283:By country and region 7130:on November 13, 2013. 6396:Environ. Sci. Technol 6353:Environ. Sci. Technol 6291:Environ. Sci. Technol 4895:on November 14, 2007. 4755:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 4413:on October 22, 2011. 3686:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 3522:Reviews of Geophysics 2469:"Dr. James E. Hansen" 2035:Space Science Reviews 1928:Bloomsbury Publishing 1648: 1553:Michael Shellenberger 1467:". In his first book 1292:Massey Energy Company 1148: 1063:fossil fuel emissions 1049:between 1850 and 2000 1044: 971:sea levels are rising 944: 896: 785: 768:Industrial Revolution 733: 640: 604:Pioneer Venus project 541: 454:global climate models 159:Planetary atmospheres 9544:Sierra Club awardees 9320:Wm. Theodore de Bary 9249:Charles A. Dinarello 8463:Glasgow Climate Pact 8124:Carbon sequestration 7689:Mass mortality event 7143:on October 15, 2004. 7047:Red, Green, and Blue 6983:"Sounding the Alarm" 6936:on November 30, 2012 6677:Worldwatch Institute 6517:. November 17, 2017. 5803:on February 24, 2009 4867:on October 22, 2011. 4738:on October 15, 2011. 4662:on October 15, 2011. 4599:10.1029/2002JD002258 4561:on October 21, 2011. 4348:on October 21, 2011. 4262:on October 21, 2011. 4198:on October 21, 2011. 4133:on October 22, 2011. 4041:on October 22, 2011. 3833:10.1029/2004JD005296 3795:on October 20, 2011. 3778:10.1029/2002GL016345 3669:on October 20, 2011. 3612:on October 21, 2011. 3544:10.1029/2010RG000345 3466:on December 18, 2008 3423:"August 2007 update" 3346:on October 21, 2011. 3286:10.1029/2001JD000354 3271:(D20): 23947–23963. 3248:on October 21, 2011. 3231:10.1029/1999JD900835 3217:(D24): 30997–31022. 3191:on October 21, 2011. 3126:on February 24, 2009 3002:on October 20, 2011. 2969:(D11): 13345–13372. 2863:on October 21, 2011. 2798:on October 23, 2011. 2749:on October 22, 2011. 2654:on October 20, 2011. 2537:on October 20, 2011. 2457:. February 26, 2014. 1836:Stephen H. Schneider 1805:Hansen won the 2010 1422:efficient energy use 1344:Retirement from NASA 1029:and too much in the 1019:marine stratocumulus 979:Antarctic ice sheets 726:Black carbon studies 9261:Tadamitsu Kishimoto 9154:Arthur H. Rosenfeld 9047:Robert Bindschadler 8602:Climate sensitivity 8377:The Adaptation Fund 7833:Infectious diseases 7730:Social and economic 7013:. January 10, 2017. 6963:. Hearst Newspapers 6888:on January 6, 2010. 6857:on February 6, 2009 6825:on October 19, 2017 6710:"The Catastrophist" 6683:on December 8, 2015 6462:. November 3, 2013. 6408:2013EnST...47.6718K 6365:2013EnST...47.6715S 6303:2013EnST...47.4889K 5985:on January 26, 2009 5932:. Associated Press. 5791:"Averting Our Eyes" 5772:Des Moines Register 5749:on January 13, 2008 5679:2008OASJ....2..217H 5576:2000GEC....10....9P 5512:Social Epistemology 5447:The Washington Post 5255:Columbia University 5197:on February 3, 2009 5016:2016ACP....16.3761H 4949:2013RSPTA.37120294H 4834:2007RSPTA.365.1925H 4828:(1856): 1925–1954. 4767:2000PNAS...97.9875H 4705:2007ClDy...29..661H 4645:2006JCli...19..153S 4590:2003JGRD..108.4002S 4494:1998Natur.394..661W 4443:1990Sci...247.1558S 4437:(4950): 1558–1562. 4380:2007Sci...316..709R 4331:1988JGR....93.9341H 4245:1983MWRv..111..609H 4165:1981Sci...213..957H 4108:1974JAtS...31...84S 4014:2007ACP.....7.2287H 3888:2000PNAS...97.9875H 3824:2005JGRD..110.4204K 3760:2003GeoRL..30.1324N 3698:2003PNAS..100.6319S 3644:2004AtmEn..38.4155N 3579:2002Sci...297.2250M 3573:(5590): 2250–2253. 3535:2010RvGeo..48.4004H 3491:The Washington Post 3433:on October 12, 2007 3381:2006PNAS..10314288H 3375:(39): 14288–14293. 3277:2001JGR...10623947H 3223:1999JGR...10430997H 3166:1993ClCh...25..185H 3101:1993ClCh...25..179B 3069:on August 22, 2011. 3031:1988GeoRL..15..323H 2975:1987JGR....9213345H 2925:1981Natur.292..610K 2888:1980JGR....85.8129K 2830:1979Sci...205...74T 2781:1975JAtS...32.1133K 2732:1974JAtS...31.1137H 2680:1968JGR....73.6136H 2619:1968JAtS...25..629H 2568:1988Icar...74..472K 2520:1967ApJ...150.1139H 2479:on October 15, 2004 2473:Personnel Directory 2318:2000PNAS...97.9875H 2281:. February 13, 2013 2233:2009Natur.461..472R 2166:1989Sci...244.1041K 2093:1992Sci...255..423C 2047:1974SSRv...16..527H 2012:1997JGR...102.6831H 1913:redgreenandblue.org 1798:The Washington Post 1695:, president of the 1667:Athabasca Tar Sands 1663:synthetic crude oil 1412:system to impose a 1394:Athabasca Oil Sands 1390:synthetic crude oil 1378:Athabasca Oil Sands 1374:synthetic crude oil 1031:Northern Hemisphere 1027:Southern Hemisphere 959:climate sensitivity 819:chlorofluorocarbons 571:in its atmosphere. 554:. Venus has a high 438:Venusian atmosphere 414:University of Tokyo 375:Hansen was born in 326:Columbia University 314:James Edward Hansen 251:Columbia University 240:Atmospheric physics 221:in the Environment 112:James Edward Hansen 9033:Notable scientists 8941:Near Earth Network 8931:Hitchhiker Program 8173:(LULUCF and AFOLU) 8145:Forest management 8129:Direct air capture 8094:Sustainable energy 8051:Net zero emissions 8046:Low-carbon economy 8041:Green Climate Fund 7828:Indigenous peoples 7721:Plant biodiversity 7509:Effects and issues 6991:. November 7, 2013 6604:The New York Times 6551:The New York Times 6079:on January 6, 2009 5852:Charleston Gazette 5716:The New York Times 5397:Science in Context 5137:The New York Times 4933:(2001): 20120294. 4653:10.1175/JCLI3612.1 3748:Geophys. Res. Lett 3174:10.1007/BF01661206 3109:10.1007/BF01661205 3019:Geophys. Res. Lett 2882:(A13): 8129–8140. 2368:The Hansen Family, 2055:10.1007/BF00168069 1897:has a profile for 1655: 1517:Chernobyl Disaster 1446:Nuclear Waste Fund 1404:Proposed solutions 1278:, was arrested on 1274:including actress 1051: 951: 903: 788: 740: 671:serial correlation 651: 647:global temperature 561:Venus's atmosphere 548: 508:University of Iowa 442:Earth's atmosphere 393:University of Iowa 284:Satoshi Matsushima 154:Radiative transfer 141:University of Iowa 9534:Science activists 9418: 9417: 9231:Anthony R. Hunter 9099: 9098: 9095: 9094: 9077:Lissette Martinez 9057:Gene Carl Feldman 8906:Explorers Program 8842:Robert H. Goddard 8791: 8790: 8729: 8728: 8725: 8724: 8664:Radiative forcing 8507: 8506: 8503: 8502: 8327:Adaptive capacity 8212: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8072:Energy transition 7948: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7658:Tropical cyclones 7584:Urban heat island 7498: 7497: 7410: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7371:Carbon accounting 7325:Greenhouse effect 7291: 7290: 7179:ClimateMatters.TV 7093:978-0-525-95014-1 6988:Dickinson College 6416:10.1021/es402211m 6402:(12): 6718–6719. 6373:10.1021/es401667h 6359:(12): 6715–6717. 6312:10.1021/es3051197 6271:978-1-4088-0745-3 6249:on April 2, 2015. 6156:(April 5, 2013). 5930:Los Angeles Times 5914:on June 24, 2009. 5859:on July 18, 2012. 5488:978-0-674-04497-5 5469:Weart, Spencer R. 4994:Atmos. Chem. Phys 4881:(February 2007). 4761:(18): 9875–9880. 4538:(5379): 930–932. 4488:(6694): 661–664. 4325:(D8): 9341–9364. 4211:Los Angeles Times 4159:(4511): 957–966. 3992:Atmos. Chem. Phys 3882:(18): 9875–9880. 3692:(11): 6319–6324. 3638:(25): 4155–4163. 2919:(5824): 610–613. 2674:(18): 6136–6137. 2386:Earth Observatory 2312:(18): 9875–9880. 2227:(7263): 472–475. 2020:10.1029/96JD03436 1937:978-1-60819-200-7 1903: 1847:Dickinson College 1727:Honors and awards 1689:Elizabeth Kolbert 1653:, August 29, 2011 1501:Benjamin Sovacool 1360:Keystone Pipeline 861:levels above 450 318:adjunct professor 311: 310: 230:Scientific career 82: 81: 16:(Redirected from 9571: 9471: 9470: 9469: 9459: 9458: 9447: 9446: 9445: 9435: 9434: 9433: 9426: 9397:The Legal Agenda 9257:(Australia, USA) 9201:James P. Allison 9126: 9119: 9112: 9103: 9102: 9062:Orlando Figueroa 9042:David Louis Band 9004: 9003: 8897:Notable missions 8818: 8811: 8804: 8795: 8794: 8779: 8778: 8767: 8766: 8755: 8754: 8744: 8743: 8742: 8707:Paleoclimatology 8524: 8523: 8513: 8512: 8274:Ecological grief 8257:Climate movement 8232: 8231: 8218: 8217: 8198:Plant-based diet 8089:Renewable energy 7967: 7966: 7954: 7953: 7789:Economic impacts 7711:Invasive species 7567:Coastal flooding 7517: 7516: 7504: 7503: 7440:Svante Arrhenius 7416: 7415: 7386:from agriculture 7376:Carbon footprint 7361:Greenhouse gases 7310: 7309: 7297: 7296: 7249: 7248: 7234: 7227: 7220: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7159: 7144: 7139:. Archived from 7131: 7126:. Archived from 7097: 7081: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7031:. June 18, 2018. 7021: 7015: 7014: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6968: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6884:. 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Archived from 5189: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5128: 5119: 5118: 5108: 5083: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5027: 5009: 5000:(6): 3761–3812. 4985: 4979: 4978: 4968: 4942: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4888:. Archived from 4887: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4860:. Archived from 4819: 4810: 4799: 4798: 4788: 4778: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4731:. Archived from 4698: 4689:(7–8): 661–696. 4680: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4655:. Archived from 4630: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4601: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4554:. Archived from 4529: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4406:. Archived from 4365: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4341:. Archived from 4316: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4293: 4275: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4255:. Archived from 4233:Mon. Weather Rev 4230: 4221: 4215: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4191:. Archived from 4150: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4126:. Archived from 4093: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4068:on July 30, 2012 4064:. Archived from 4049: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4034:. Archived from 4025: 4007: 3998:(9): 2287–2312. 3989: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3962: 3957: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3935: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3909: 3899: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3788:. Archived from 3771: 3745: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3719: 3709: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3662:. Archived from 3629: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3605:. Archived from 3564: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3518: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3465: 3459:. Archived from 3458: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3402: 3392: 3359: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3339:. Archived from 3306: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3241:. Archived from 3208: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3184:. Archived from 3151: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3125: 3119:. Archived from 3086: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3057: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2995:. Archived from 2986: 2960: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2933:10.1038/292610a0 2906: 2900: 2899: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2856:. Archived from 2815: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2791:. Archived from 2775:(6): 1133–1139. 2766: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2742:. Archived from 2726:(4): 1137–1160. 2717: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2697:2060/19680013001 2668:J. Geophys. Res. 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2647:. Archived from 2638: 2636:2060/19680027730 2603: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2530:. Archived from 2504: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2443:. March 7, 2012. 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2419:(912): 139–140. 2404: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2377: 2371: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2347: 2329: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2244: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2160:(4908): 1041–3. 2148: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2087:(5043): 423–30. 2073: 2067: 2066: 2030: 2024: 2023: 1995: 1976: 1975: 1964: 1963: 1955: 1941: 1901: 1900:James E. Hansen 1891: 1890: 1843:Joseph Priestley 1625:, on trial for " 1544:issues, and the 1509:Mark Z. Jacobson 1477:sequester carbon 1454:thorium reactors 1426:renewable energy 1410:fee and dividend 1350:greenhouse gases 1215:Spencer R. Weart 1161: 1139: 1107: 1047:climate forcings 937: 906:Vilhelm Bjerknes 897:A comparison of 839:Faustian bargain 825:over aerosols". 811:greenhouse gases 762: 712:Stephen McIntyre 702: 661: 596:Kiyoshi Kawabata 588:refractive index 569:greenhouse gases 544:thick atmosphere 534:Studies of Venus 481:, a part of the 410:Kyoto University 395:. He obtained a 357:greenhouse gases 307: 304: 302: 300: 279:Doctoral advisor 273: 224: 217: 213: 205: 184: 125: 121: 119: 100: 86: 85: 77: 74: 68: 45: 37: 21: 9579: 9578: 9574: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9569: 9568: 9479: 9478: 9477: 9467: 9465: 9453: 9443: 9441: 9431: 9429: 9421: 9419: 9414: 9403:Cheryl Saunders 9355: 9332:Yoshinobu Shiba 9302: 9297:Jens Juul Holst 9291:Svetlana Mojsov 9285:Joel F. Habener 9243:John Mendelsohn 9219:Jennifer Doudna 9189: 9136: 9130: 9100: 9091: 9034: 9028: 8995: 8916:Getaway Special 8911:Landsat program 8898: 8892: 8851: 8830: 8822: 8792: 8787: 8740: 8738: 8721: 8668: 8659:Orbital forcing 8553: 8518: 8499: 8473:Paris Agreement 8451: 8447:Warming stripes 8386: 8352:Managed retreat 8347:Loss and damage 8308: 8242:Business action 8226: 8204: 8181: 8104: 8098: 8055: 8016:Climate finance 7961: 7940: 7872: 7725: 7701:Extinction risk 7677:Flora and fauna 7672: 7633:Permafrost thaw 7628:Ozone depletion 7557:Extreme weather 7511: 7494: 7421: 7402: 7339: 7304: 7287: 7254: 7243: 7238: 7204: 7199:indexed by the 7191:Wayback Machine 7135: 7122: 7104: 7094: 7067: 7065:Further reading 7062: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7023: 7022: 7018: 7009: 7008: 7004: 6994: 6992: 6981: 6980: 6976: 6966: 6964: 6953: 6949: 6939: 6937: 6924: 6923: 6919: 6909: 6907: 6906:. April 7, 2010 6898: 6897: 6893: 6882:Washington Post 6874: 6870: 6860: 6858: 6854: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6817: 6816: 6809: 6799: 6797: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6730: 6721: 6706: 6699: 6686: 6684: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6642: 6638: 6628: 6626: 6616: 6612: 6595: 6591: 6581: 6579: 6572: 6568: 6555: 6553: 6543: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6522: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6498: 6496: 6484: 6480: 6454: 6453: 6449: 6392: 6388: 6348: 6342: 6338: 6283: 6279: 6272: 6258: 6254: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6226: 6224: 6213: 6206: 6195: 6191: 6182: 6181: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6123: 6119: 6109: 6107: 6097: 6093: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6069: 6065: 6063: 6056: 6046: 6044: 6033: 6029: 6019: 6017: 6016:on June 3, 2010 6002: 5998: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5963: 5953: 5951: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5908:Yale University 5904:Environment 360 5898: 5897: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5871: 5864: 5845: 5844: 5840: 5821: 5820: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5800: 5793: 5787: 5783: 5766: 5762: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5735: 5734: 5730: 5720: 5718: 5708: 5704: 5652: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5614: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5557: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5535: 5506: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5466: 5462: 5452: 5450: 5438: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5389: 5382: 5365:. pp. 4–. 5353: 5349: 5339: 5337: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5303: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5259: 5257: 5246: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5198: 5194: 5187: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5155: 5151: 5141: 5139: 5129: 5122: 5084: 5077: 5068: 5066: 5053: 5049: 4986: 4982: 4919: 4915: 4904: 4900: 4892: 4885: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4817: 4811: 4802: 4747: 4743: 4735: 4696:physics/0610109 4678: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4628: 4621: 4617: 4578:J. Geophys. Res 4570: 4566: 4558: 4527: 4521: 4517: 4478: 4474: 4425: 4421: 4410: 4363: 4357: 4353: 4345: 4319:J. Geophys. Res 4314: 4308: 4304: 4291: 4289: 4276: 4267: 4259: 4228: 4222: 4218: 4207: 4203: 4195: 4148: 4142: 4138: 4130: 4091: 4085: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4050: 4046: 4038: 4005:physics/0610115 3987: 3977: 3973: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3949: 3945: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3868: 3864: 3845: 3841: 3812:J. Geophys. Res 3804: 3800: 3792: 3769:10.1.1.526.3651 3743: 3737: 3733: 3678: 3674: 3666: 3627: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3562: 3556: 3552: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3483: 3479: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3450: 3446: 3436: 3434: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3360: 3351: 3343: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3265:J. Geophys. Res 3257: 3253: 3245: 3211:J. Geophys. Res 3206: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3154:Climatic Change 3149: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3089:Climatic Change 3084: 3078: 3074: 3066: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2984:10.1.1.187.9839 2963:J. Geophys. Res 2958: 2952: 2948: 2907: 2903: 2876:J. Geophys. Res 2872: 2868: 2860: 2824:(4401): 74–76. 2813: 2807: 2803: 2795: 2764: 2758: 2754: 2746: 2715: 2709: 2705: 2663: 2659: 2651: 2601: 2595: 2591: 2546: 2542: 2534: 2502: 2496: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2405: 2401: 2391: 2389: 2378: 2374: 2365: 2361: 2298: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2242:10.1038/461472a 2212: 2208: 2202: 2197:indexed by the 2193: 2189: 2149: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2077:Charlson, R. J. 2074: 2070: 2031: 2027: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1970: 1958: 1950: 1948: 1938: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1865: 1811:Jostein Gaarder 1764:Dan David Prize 1729: 1693:Eileen Claussen 1679: 1643: 1599: 1561: 1513:Mark Diesendorf 1466: 1414:price on carbon 1406: 1362: 1346: 1326: 1268: 1239: 1227:Roger A. Pielke 1199: 1194: 1163: 1159: 1146: 1137: 1105: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1056: 1039: 935: 891: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 860: 856: 844: 824: 807: 780: 760: 728: 700: 659: 635: 536: 504: 458:Earth's climate 430:graduate school 426: 389:James Van Allen 373: 322:Earth Institute 297: 271: 254: 222: 215: 211: 203: 198: 182: 168: 137:Alma mater 132: 126: 123: 117: 115: 114: 113: 103: 91: 78: 72: 69: 62: 50:This article's 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:James E. Hansen 15: 12: 11: 5: 9577: 9567: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9476: 9475: 9473:Earth sciences 9463: 9461:Global warming 9451: 9439: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9412: 9406: 9400: 9394: 9388: 9382: 9376: 9370: 9369:(South Africa) 9363: 9361: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9347: 9344:Jessica Rawson 9341: 9335: 9329: 9323: 9317: 9310: 9308: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9300: 9294: 9288: 9282: 9276: 9275:(Hungary, USA) 9273:Katalin Karikó 9270: 9264: 9258: 9252: 9246: 9240: 9234: 9228: 9222: 9216: 9210: 9204: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9181: 9175: 9169: 9163: 9157: 9151: 9144: 9142: 9138: 9137: 9129: 9128: 9121: 9114: 9106: 9097: 9096: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9089: 9084: 9082:John C. Mather 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9038: 9036: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9026: 9023: 9020: 9017:Anne L. Kinney 9014: 9010: 9008: 9001: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8902: 8900: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8859: 8857: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8844: 8838: 8836: 8832: 8831: 8821: 8820: 8813: 8806: 8798: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8785: 8773: 8761: 8749: 8734: 8731: 8730: 8727: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8614: 8612:Cloud feedback 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8567: 8561: 8559: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8530: 8528: 8520: 8519: 8509: 8508: 8505: 8504: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8486: 8485: 8480: 8470: 8468:Kyoto Protocol 8465: 8459: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8422: 8420:Media coverage 8417: 8412: 8410:Climate spiral 8407: 8402: 8396: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8318: 8316: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8301: 8299:Public opinion 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8254: 8249: 8247:Climate action 8244: 8238: 8236: 8228: 8227: 8214: 8213: 8210: 8209: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8201: 8200: 8189: 8187: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8166: 8161: 8159:REDD and REDD+ 8156: 8151: 8143: 8138: 8136:Carbon farming 8133: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8116: 8110: 8108: 8100: 8099: 8097: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8080: 8079: 8069: 8063: 8061: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7997: 7996: 7986: 7981: 7975: 7973: 7963: 7962: 7950: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7882: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7868:Water security 7865: 7863:Water scarcity 7860: 7858:Urban flooding 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7797: 7796: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7750: 7749: 7744: 7733: 7731: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7706:Forest dieback 7703: 7698: 7693: 7692: 7691: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7643:Sea level rise 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7616:stratification 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7588: 7587: 7586: 7581: 7571: 7570: 7569: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7523: 7521: 7513: 7512: 7500: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7412: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7395: 7394: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7381:Carbon leakage 7378: 7373: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7347: 7345: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7337: 7332: 7322: 7320:Climate system 7316: 7314: 7306: 7305: 7293: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7245: 7244: 7241:Climate change 7237: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7194: 7169: 7160: 7146: 7137:"James Hansen" 7133: 7124:"James Hansen" 7120: 7114: 7103: 7102:External links 7100: 7099: 7098: 7092: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7034: 7016: 7002: 6974: 6947: 6930:Foreign Policy 6917: 6891: 6868: 6836: 6807: 6785: 6764: 6743: 6719: 6714:The New Yorker 6697: 6663: 6636: 6610: 6589: 6566: 6537: 6520: 6506: 6478: 6447: 6386: 6336: 6277: 6270: 6252: 6234: 6204: 6189: 6170: 6145: 6132:New York Times 6117: 6091: 6054: 6027: 5996: 5961: 5935: 5917: 5891: 5879:New York Times 5862: 5838: 5814: 5781: 5760: 5728: 5702: 5663:(1): 217–231. 5650: 5624: 5596: 5545: 5494: 5487: 5460: 5429: 5403:(1): 137–152. 5380: 5347: 5320: 5292: 5267: 5234: 5208: 5176: 5149: 5120: 5075: 5047: 4980: 4913: 4898: 4870: 4800: 4741: 4665: 4639:(2): 153–192. 4615: 4564: 4515: 4472: 4419: 4351: 4302: 4285:New York Times 4265: 4239:(4): 609–662. 4216: 4201: 4136: 4079: 4044: 3971: 3943: 3921: 3862: 3839: 3818:(D4): D04204. 3798: 3731: 3672: 3632:Atmos. Environ 3615: 3550: 3504: 3477: 3444: 3414: 3349: 3292: 3251: 3194: 3160:(2): 185–191. 3137: 3095:(2): 179–184. 3072: 3060:Climate Change 3044: 3025:(4): 323–326. 3005: 2946: 2901: 2866: 2801: 2752: 2703: 2657: 2613:(4): 629–633. 2607:J. Atmos. Sci. 2589: 2562:(3): 472–494. 2540: 2528:10.1086/149410 2490: 2460: 2446: 2432: 2399: 2372: 2359: 2292: 2264: 2206: 2187: 2143: 2122: 2068: 2041:(4): 527–610. 2025: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1980: 1978:Global warming 1968: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1936: 1893: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1873:, of Taiwan's 1863: 1855:Syukuro Manabe 1824:Foreign Policy 1816:Sophie's World 1728: 1725: 1704:New York Times 1702:In July 2009, 1681:In June 2009, 1678: 1675: 1665:from Canada's 1642: 1639: 1631:global warming 1598: 1595: 1560: 1557: 1551:Together with 1464: 1405: 1402: 1392:from Canada's 1376:from Canada's 1361: 1358: 1345: 1342: 1325: 1322: 1318:surface mining 1303:New York Times 1267: 1264: 1238: 1235: 1203:Rafe Pomerance 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1090:George Monbiot 1074: 1070: 1066: 1054: 1038: 1035: 890: 887: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 858: 854: 842: 822: 805: 779: 776: 727: 724: 634: 631: 623:sulfur dioxide 535: 532: 523:remote sensing 503: 500: 425: 422: 372: 369: 361:carbon dioxide 353:global warming 338:global warming 334:climate change 309: 308: 295: 291: 290: 287: 286: 281: 275: 274: 263: 257: 256: 247: 243: 242: 237: 233: 232: 226: 225: 197: 196: 191: 187:Member of the 185: 176: 174: 170: 169: 167: 166: 164:Climate models 161: 156: 150: 148: 147:Known for 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 127: 122:March 29, 1941 111: 109: 105: 104: 102:Hansen in 2005 101: 93: 92: 89: 80: 79: 59:the key points 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9576: 9565: 9564:Living people 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9486: 9484: 9474: 9464: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9450: 9449:United States 9440: 9438: 9428: 9427: 9424: 9410: 9409:Mary Robinson 9407: 9404: 9401: 9398: 9395: 9392: 9389: 9386: 9383: 9380: 9377: 9374: 9373:Louise Arbour 9371: 9368: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9358: 9352:(Taiwan, USA) 9351: 9348: 9345: 9342: 9339: 9336: 9333: 9330: 9327: 9324: 9321: 9318: 9316:(Taiwan, USA) 9315: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9305: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9280: 9279:Pieter Cullis 9277: 9274: 9271: 9268: 9267:Drew Weissman 9265: 9262: 9259: 9256: 9255:Marc Feldmann 9253: 9250: 9247: 9244: 9241: 9238: 9235: 9232: 9229: 9226: 9223: 9220: 9217: 9214: 9211: 9208: 9205: 9202: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9185: 9184:Omar M. Yaghi 9182: 9179: 9178:Jeffrey Sachs 9176: 9173: 9170: 9167: 9164: 9161: 9158: 9155: 9152: 9149: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9134: 9127: 9122: 9120: 9115: 9113: 9108: 9107: 9104: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9035:and engineers 9031: 9024: 9021: 9018: 9015: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9005: 9002: 8998: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8921:Space Network 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8895: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8854: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8835:Main articles 8833: 8829: 8826: 8819: 8814: 8812: 8807: 8805: 8800: 8799: 8796: 8784: 8783: 8774: 8772: 8771: 8762: 8760: 8759: 8750: 8748: 8747: 8736: 8735: 8732: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8685:Climate model 8683: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8671: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8618: 8617:Cloud forcing 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8572: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8514: 8510: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8454: 8448: 8445: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8392:Communication 8389: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8372:Vulnerability 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8342:Flood control 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8311: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8219: 8215: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8194: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8184: 8178: 8175: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8164:reforestation 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8149:afforestation 8147: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8121: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8084:Nuclear power 8082: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8058: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7979:Carbon budget 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7968: 7964: 7960: 7955: 7951: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7817: 7816:Mental health 7814: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7795: 7792: 7791: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7748: 7747:United States 7745: 7743: 7740: 7739: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7675: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7601:deoxygenation 7599: 7597: 7596:acidification 7594: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7572: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7505: 7501: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7424: 7417: 7413: 7399: 7396: 7392: 7391:from wetlands 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7351:Deforestation 7349: 7348: 7346: 7342: 7336: 7333: 7330: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7298: 7294: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7257: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7235: 7230: 7228: 7223: 7221: 7216: 7215: 7212: 7202: 7198: 7195: 7192: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7095: 7089: 7085: 7080: 7079: 7073: 7069: 7068: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7030: 7026: 7020: 7012: 7006: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6978: 6962: 6958: 6951: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6921: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6872: 6853: 6846: 6840: 6824: 6820: 6814: 6812: 6795: 6789: 6778:September 27, 6774: 6768: 6753: 6747: 6739: 6735: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6715: 6711: 6704: 6702: 6694: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6651: 6647: 6640: 6625: 6621: 6614: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6593: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6552: 6548: 6541: 6530: 6524: 6516: 6510: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6471: 6470:Kerry Emanuel 6467: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6390: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6347: 6340: 6332: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6281: 6273: 6267: 6263: 6256: 6248: 6244: 6238: 6222: 6218: 6211: 6209: 6200: 6193: 6185: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6121: 6106: 6102: 6095: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6059: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5981: 5974: 5968: 5966: 5954:September 27, 5949: 5945: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5895: 5880: 5876: 5869: 5867: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5842: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5799: 5792: 5785: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5745: 5738: 5732: 5717: 5713: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5666: 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4692: 4688: 4684: 4677: 4669: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4619: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4502:10.1038/29267 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4355: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4212: 4205: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4102:(1): 84–117. 4101: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4048: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3968: 3954: 3947: 3939: 3932: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3850: 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Atmos. Sci 2763: 2756: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2720:J. Atmos. Sci 2714: 2707: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2661: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2600: 2593: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2544: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2514:: 1139–1157. 2513: 2510: 2509: 2508:Astrophys. J. 2501: 2494: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2456: 2450: 2442: 2436: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2369: 2363: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2296: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2132: 2126: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2029: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1994: 1990: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1939: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1905: 1904: 1896: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1709:cap-and-trade 1705: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1652: 1647: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1605: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1577:San Francisco 1574: 1570: 1566: 1556: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1494:nuclear power 1491: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1450:fast reactors 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330:cap and trade 1324:Cap and trade 1321: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1307:Andrew Revkin 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1263: 1261: 1256: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1243:coal industry 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1156: 1154: 1141: 1133: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1092:reports "The 1091: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1064: 1060: 1048: 1043: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1003: 1002:orbital decay 999: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 976: 972: 967: 962: 960: 956: 948: 943: 939: 933: 928: 922: 918: 915: 910: 907: 900: 895: 886: 864: 850: 846: 840: 834: 832: 826: 820: 816: 812: 808: 799: 797: 793: 784: 775: 771: 769: 764: 757: 753: 748: 745: 737: 732: 723: 721: 717: 713: 708: 706: 697: 693: 688: 684: 681: 675: 672: 668: 663: 656: 648: 644: 639: 630: 628: 627:sulfuric acid 624: 620: 619:sulfuric acid 615: 614: 609: 605: 600: 597: 593: 589: 583: 581: 577: 572: 570: 566: 562: 557: 553: 545: 540: 531: 529: 524: 519: 517: 516:anthropogenic 513: 512:space science 509: 499: 497: 496: 490: 486: 484: 480: 479:New York City 476: 471: 469: 465: 464: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 421: 419: 415: 411: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 385:space science 382: 378: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 349: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 306: 296: 292: 288: 285: 282: 280: 276: 269: 268: 264: 262: 258: 252: 248: 244: 241: 238: 234: 231: 227: 220: 214: 210: 206: 202: 195: 192: 190: 186: 181: 178: 177: 175: 171: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 130: 129:Denison, Iowa 124:(age 83) 110: 106: 99: 94: 87: 84: 76: 66: 60: 58: 53: 48: 44: 39: 38: 33: 19: 9387:(Bangladesh) 9381:(UK, Israel) 9326:Stephen Owen 9314:Yu Ying-shih 9237:Brian Druker 9207:Tasuku Honjo 9172:Jane Goodall 9160:James Hansen 9159: 9072:Marc Kuchner 9067:James Hansen 9066: 9052:Fred Espenak 8899:and programs 8847:GSFC History 8780: 8768: 8756: 8737: 8570:Carbon cycle 8527:Measurements 8222:Society and 8106:carbon sinks 8011:Climate debt 8001:Carbon price 7823:Human rights 7648:Season creep 7606:heat content 7532:Anoxic event 7445:James Hansen 7444: 7178: 7172: 7163:James Hansen 7149:James Hansen 7141:the original 7128:the original 7108:James Hansen 7082:. 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CBC News. 6010:Timesonline 5807:February 6, 5753:February 2, 5721:February 2, 5617:February 2, 5570:(1): 9–25. 5340:February 2, 5313:February 7, 5260:February 5, 5227:February 2, 5201:February 2, 5142:November 9, 4721:10871/24402 4288:. p. 1 3961:February 7, 3754:(6): 1324. 3470:February 6, 3437:February 6, 2483:February 2, 1738:Heinz Award 1713:Joseph Romm 1687:journalist 1651:White House 1627:high crimes 1615:fossil fuel 1534:Sierra Club 1505:M.V. Ramana 1314:White House 1280:misdemeanor 1110:Pleistocene 998:troposphere 986:Roy Spencer 752:Makiko Sato 450:trace gases 387:program of 359:other than 330:climatology 219:Heinz Award 9483:Categories 9393:(Colombia) 9379:Joseph Raz 9225:Feng Zhang 9133:Tang Prize 9007:Leadership 8856:Facilities 8629:Cryosphere 8590:permafrost 8362:Resilience 8314:Adaptation 8289:Litigation 8279:Governance 8224:adaptation 8006:Carbon tax 7959:Mitigation 7896:Antarctica 7784:Disability 7182:series of 6967:January 1, 6578:. ABC News 6474:Tom Wigley 5641:Berner, R. 5633:Hansen, J. 5069:January 3, 5007:1602.01393 4633:J. Climate 2136:January 3, 1985:References 1875:Tang Prize 1834:'s annual 1721:think tank 1684:New Yorker 1619:ExxonMobil 1589:60 Minutes 1581:appointees 1538:Greenpeace 1479:dioxide". 1430:smart grid 1366:Joe Oliver 1334:carbon tax 1305:columnist 1272:protesters 1057:gases and 1045:Estimated 1014:tropopause 831:ice sheets 660:0.5-0.7 °C 653:The first 641:A typical 629:droplets. 249:Currently 209:Tang Prize 118:1941-03-29 73:April 2021 9437:Biography 9411:(Ireland) 9399:(Lebanon) 9299:(Denmark) 9135:laureates 8644:Feedbacks 8415:Education 7916:Caribbean 7911:Australia 7838:Migration 7801:Fisheries 7742:Livestock 7668:Wildfires 7574:Heat wave 7052:August 9, 6442:206971716 6227:April 13, 5670:0804.1126 5645:Raymo, M. 5371:0028-7822 5169:March 19, 5115:2634-4068 5034:1680-7324 4940:1211.4846 4683:Clim. Dyn 4552:129403184 4292:August 1, 4124:1520-0469 3764:CiteSeerX 3182:154848782 3117:154503363 2979:CiteSeerX 2645:123127374 2392:March 19, 2336:0027-8424 2259:205049746 2063:122043532 1902:(Q724095) 1845:Award at 1677:Criticism 1260:Holocaust 1153:greenwash 1082:ice sheet 975:Greenland 966:Rahmstorf 714:notified 710:In 2007, 665:With the 420:in 1967. 363:(such as 301:.columbia 57:summarize 9375:(Canada) 9307:Sinology 9281:(Canada) 9215:(France) 9150:(Norway) 8770:Glossary 8758:Category 8580:biologic 8294:Politics 8186:Personal 7891:Americas 7754:Children 7520:Physical 7313:Overview 7253:Overview 7187:Archived 7074:(2008). 6995:March 3, 6910:April 7, 6757:June 19, 6687:June 23, 6652:. London 6629:June 23, 6624:ABC News 6582:June 20, 6556:June 20, 6434:23697846 6381:23697811 6331:23495839 6223:. London 6163:April 9, 6138:April 1, 6043:. London 5697:14890013 5533:31213842 5471:(2008). 5417:18364313 5375:Archived 5336:. London 5165:. 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