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other groups, Indian and non-Indian; there is fortitude and persistence balanced with disillusionment and frustration. In these respects, the history of the
Cherokee epitomizes the experience of most Native Americans, Mooney writes. This, among with most, if not all of Mooney's works, is considered dispassionate and matter-of-fact, which is why his works are found in the
223:, son of Irish Catholic immigrants. His formal education was limited to the public schools of the city. He became a self-taught expert on American tribes by his own studies and his careful observation during long residences with different groups. The field of ethnography was new in the late 19th century, and he helped create high standards for the work.
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Mooney's writing style was widely considered as evocative. His sympathetic treatment of Native
Americans is attributed to his upbringing and ethnic heritage. Although he wrote as a scientist, his objective attitude toward Native Americans contrasted with other writing, which was often either romantic
390:
Published posthumously, this account of the
Cherokee started with their first contact with whites and, through battles won and lost, treaties signed then broken, towns destroyed and people massacred, ended around 1900. There is humanity along with inhumanity in the relations between the Cherokee and
271:
Mooney took the time to observe various Native
American tribes in the way they lived on a daily basis. Prior to his work, most people outside reservations learned about issues only from a distance. He wanted to learn and to teach other Americans about their culture. He published several books based
267:
During the late 1800s Native
Americans were under harsh attack in many areas, and essentially subjects of genocide by the United States of America. The Indian Wars, intended to suppress tribal resistance to European-American settlement of the West, was generally presented as required because Native
282:
Mooney provides a preface with a historical survey of comparable millenarian movements among other
American Indian groups. In response to the rapid spread of the Ghost Dance among tribes of the western United States in the early 1890s, Mooney set out to describe and understand the phenomenon. He
516:
Mooney, James, 1861–1921. "James Mooney's history, myths, and sacred formulas of the
Cherokees :containing the full texts of Myths of the Cherokee (1900) and The sacred formulas of the Cherokees (1891) as published by the Bureau of American Ethnology : with a new biographical
302:"The desire to preserve to future ages the memory of past achievements is a universal human instinct,"Mooney said. "The reliability of the record depends chiefly on the truthfulness of the recorder and the adequacy of the method employed." Mooney earned the confidence of the
362:. He studied their language, culture, and mythology. This comprehensive volume compiled 126 Cherokee myths, including sacred stories, animal myths, local legends, wonder stories, historical traditions, and miscellaneous myths and legends. Some myths included:
264:
or discriminatory. He largely accepted the goal of Indian assimilation as outlined by reformers of the era. But, he was a witness to what the costs were to the traditional peoples and reported on issues and changes with objectivity.
379:
The book also includes original
Cherokee manuscripts, relating to the history, archaeology, geographic nomenclature, personal names, botany, medicine, arts, home life, religion, songs, ceremonies, and language of the tribe.
247:. In 1887, he moved to live among the Eastern band of the Cherokee. He compiled a list of Native American tribes that totaled 3,000 names. It ended after the US Army's 1890 massacre of
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was the most highly esteemed artist of the Kiowa tribe in the 19th and 20th centuries, and kept a calendar. He was a respected religious leader in his later years.
994:
291:. He also traced the movement of the Ghost Dance from place to place, describing the ritual and recording the distinctive song lyrics of seven separate tribes.
207:. Papers and photographs from Mooney are in the collections of the National Anthropological Archives, Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution.
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who told him about their system of calendars to record events. They told him that the first calendar keeper in their tribe was Little Bluff, or
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The Kiowa recorded two events for each year, offering a finer-grained record and twice as many entries for any given period.
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Linguistic families of Indian tribes north of Mexico, with provisional list of principal tribal names and synonyms.
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He married Ione Lee Gaut on
September 28, 1897, in Washington, D.C., and had six children. One son was the writer
329:. They were commonly created in the winter, when the people were indoors, and expressed major events of the year.
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Native
American artifacts collected by Mooney are held in the collections of the Department of Anthropology,
152:. Known as "The Indian Man", he conducted major studies of Southeastern Indians, as well as of tribes on the
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19th Century Explorers and Anthropologists: Developing the Earliest Smithsonian Anthropology Collections
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Americans made unjustified attacks on pioneers. Mooney wrote more objectively about issues in the West.
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principal chief of the tribe from 1833 to 1866. Mooney also worked with two other calendar keepers,
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587:, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, accessed 10 Nov 2009
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655:. American Anthropological Association. April 12, 1922 – via Google Books.
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635:"Anthropology Archives | Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History"
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The Swimmer manuscript: Cherokee sacred formulas and medicinal prescriptions,
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354:(in what is now Oklahoma and North Carolina). For many years he worked with
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255:. Mooney became recognized as a national expert on the American Indian.
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598:"Anthropology | Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History"
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Grave of James Mooney at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
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Mooney also spent much time with the Cherokee, by then removed to
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Other Plains tribes kept pictorial records, which are known as
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Full etexts of many of the above are available at archive.org
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meaning "In the Middle of Many Tracks", and commonly known as
908:"Internet Archive Search: creator:"Mooney, James, 1861-1921""
303:
780:
Myths of the Cherokee; and, Sacred formulas of the Cherokees
383:
513:
revised, completed and edited by Frans M. Olbrechts, 1932.
782:. Nashville, Tenn.: Charles and Randy Elder-Booksellers.
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701:
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The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890.
144:(February 10, 1861 – December 22, 1921) was an American
277:
The Ghost-dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890
883:
Indian Linguistic Families of America: North of Mexico
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Burials at Mount Olivet Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
1020:discussing Mooney can be viewed as part of series
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1016:Smithsonian Anthropologist JoAllyn Archambault
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215:James Mooney was born on February 10, 1861, in
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861:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
810:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
724:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
550:The Indian Man: A biography of James Mooney
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814:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
728:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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287:, the Ghost Dance prophet, at his home in
272:on his studies of Native American tribes.
36:
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524:, Asheville, NC: Historical Images, 1992.
419:, on December 22, 1921. He was buried in
19:For other people named James Mooney, see
829:Mooney, James, 1861-1921 (5 July 2017).
742:
578:"Register to the Papers of James Mooney"
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385:Historical Sketch of the Cherokee (1975)
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1008:Register to the Papers of James Mooney
880:Powell, John Wesley (April 12, 1891).
879:
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522:James Mooney and the eastern Cherokees
478:Calendar history of the Kiowa Indians.
473:, 1892-3 Annual Report, 2 vols., 1896.
148:who lived for several years among the
704:Calendar history of the Kiowa Indians
547:
445:The Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees.
296:Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians
184:(1900). All were published by the US
164:, a spiritual movement among various
745:"Will West Long, Cherokee Informant"
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543:
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231:In 1885 he started working with the
203:and the Department of Anthropology,
178:The Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees
886:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
172:'s death in 1890. His works on the
13:
778:Mooney, James, 1861-1921. (1982).
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702:Mooney, James, 1861-1921. (1898).
415:. Mooney died of heart disease in
197:National Museum of Natural History
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1012:National Anthropological Archives
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831:Historical sketch of the Cherokee
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16:American ethnographer (1861–1921)
1087:Linguists of Iroquoian languages
986:Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees
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670:. North Dighton, Ma.: JG Press.
500:Indian missions north of Mexico.
356:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
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615:Wparkinson (November 2, 2010).
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205:Field Museum of Natural History
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1092:Writers from Richmond, Indiana
992:Ghost dance recordings of 1894
977:Works by or about James Mooney
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369:Why the Deer's Teeth are Blunt
1:
1052:20th-century American writers
1047:19th-century American writers
764:10.1525/aa.1948.50.2.02a00250
743:Witthoft, John (April 1948).
531:
495:, 1897-8 Annual Report, 1902.
484:, 1895-6 Annual Report, 1898.
451:, 1885-6 Annual Report, 1891.
375:Why the Possum's Tail is Bare
210:
21:James Mooney (disambiguation)
504:Bureau of American Ethnology
493:Bureau of American Ethnology
482:Bureau of American Ethnology
471:Bureau of American Ethnology
460:Bureau of American Ethnology
449:Bureau of American Ethnology
438:Bureau of American Ethnology
393:Bureau of American Ethnology
372:How the Turkey got his Beard
345:Myths of the Cherokee (1900)
233:Bureau of American Ethnology
186:Bureau of American Ethnology
7:
968:(public domain audiobooks)
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552:. University of Nebraska.
456:Siouan tribes of the East.
253:Wounded Knee, South Dakota
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896:– via Google Books.
653:"American Anthropologist"
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1057:American anthropologists
1003:The Public Domain Review
753:. Brief Communications.
1082:History of the Cherokee
750:American Anthropologist
666:Mooney, James. (1996).
399:Personal life and death
237:Smithsonian Institution
201:Smithsonian Institution
190:Smithsonian Institution
1062:American ethnographers
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366:How the World was Made
168:culture groups, after
93:Washington, D.C., U.S.
962:Works by James Mooney
953:Works by James Mooney
639:naturalhistory.si.edu
602:naturalhistory.si.edu
489:Myths of the Cherokee
421:Mount Olivet Cemetery
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358:elder and translator
182:Myths of the Cherokee
90:Mount Olivet Cemetery
1067:American folklorists
949:at Wikimedia Commons
548:Moses, L.G. (1984).
423:in Washington, D.C.
314:or Little Bear; and
158:ethnographic studies
997:2014-02-13 at the
583:2014-04-21 at the
409:
245:John Wesley Powell
957:Project Gutenberg
945:Media related to
933:Works related to
840:978-1-351-51568-9
520:Ellison, George,
235:(now part of the
139:
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70:December 22, 1921
59:Richmond, Indiana
55:February 10, 1861
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988:(digitized text)
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146:ethnographer
142:James Mooney
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101:Ethnographer
72:(1921-12-22)
30:James Mooney
1042:1921 deaths
1037:1861 births
912:archive.org
413:Paul Mooney
334:Silver Horn
162:Ghost Dance
1031:Categories
532:References
338:Haungooah,
211:Early life
98:Occupation
51:1861-02-10
857:cite book
849:994145663
806:cite book
720:cite book
712:875150017
706:. G.P.O.
617:"Culture"
308:Tohausan,
156:. He did
995:Archived
966:LibriVox
686:35759732
581:Archived
283:visited
243:, under
217:Richmond
176:include
174:Cherokee
150:Cherokee
129:Children
1010:at the
979:at the
798:8885748
440:, 1885.
312:Settan,
221:Indiana
160:of the
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289:Nevada
285:Wovoka
106:Spouse
80:, U.S.
61:, U.S.
1018:video
491:. US
323:Anko.
304:Kiowa
239:) at
117:(
113:
888:ISBN
867:link
863:link
845:OCLC
835:ISBN
816:link
812:link
794:OCLC
784:ISBN
730:link
726:link
708:OCLC
682:OCLC
672:ISBN
554:ISBN
134:Paul
67:Died
45:Born
1001:at
964:at
955:at
759:doi
502:US
480:US
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447:US
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