377:
1050:
889:
740:
1556:
1025:
53:
1033:
38:
909:. This is the only place in the country where extensive class III (class IV with above average river levels) whitewater conditions exist within sight of skyscrapers. Below the fall line east of Richmond, the river is better suited for water skiing and other large boat recreation. Here the river is known for its
675:
Since the 1970s, the health of the James River has improved substantially. The
Chesapeake Bay Agreement of 1983, signed by the governors of Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, the mayor of the District of Columbia, and the EPA, established baseline environmental protections and promoted regional
925:
Due to its potential for generating mechanical power for rotating machinery such as grist mills, hydroelectric power, and as a water route for trade, many dams have been built across the James River since the time of
European settlement of the region. While most of these dams have been removed or
1013:
While not identified in the
National Inventory of Dams, a very low head weir structure is found below Bosher Dam in Richmond on either side of Williams Island. Known as the "Z-Dam" for its zigzag course on the south side of the island, the current structure was built in 1932 and serves to direct
602:
was built to provide a portage link for wagons and stagecoaches. However, before the canal could be fully completed, in the mid-19th century, railroads emerged as a more practical technology and eclipsed canals for economical transportation, ending the canal's progress at
680:. The James River Association (JRA), founded in 1976, began publishing State of the James reports in 2016. In their 2023 report, JRA concluded that the "overall grade of the State of the James has improved to a B with a score of 66% from its failing health decades ago."
470:
during its first 15 years, facilitating supply ships delivering supplies and more emigrants from
England. However, for the first five years, despite hopes of discovering gold ores, these ships sent little of monetary value back to the sponsors. In 1612, businessman
896:
The James River contains many parks and other recreational attractions. Canoeing, fishing, kayaking, hiking, and swimming are some of the activities that people enjoy along the river during the summer. From the river's start in the
926:
failed, several dams still exist along the upper course of the river. From the head of the river downstream to
Richmond are found the following dams as identified by the current US Army Corps of Engineers National Inventory of Dams:
913:, reaching average sizes of 20 to 30 pounds (9.1 to 13.6 kg), with frequent catches exceeding 50 pounds (23 kg). In the Chesapeake watershed, the James River is the last confirmed holdout for the nearly extirpated
667:. This ban remained in effect for 13 years, until efforts to clean up the river began to show results. A decade of accumulated silt, lying above the contaminated riverbed, helped to reduce levels of the chemical.
655:. Because of the pollution, sections of the river were considered "dead" and unfit for human use, and many businesses and restaurants along the river suffered economic losses. In December 1975 Virginia Governor
545:
Although ocean-going ships were unable to navigate beyond present-day
Richmond, portage of products and navigation with smaller craft to transport crops other than tobacco was feasible. Produce from the
905:, numerous rapids and pools offer fishing and whitewater rafting. The most intense whitewater stretch is a 2-mile (3 km) segment that ends in downtown Richmond where the river goes over the
2042:"Future of the James River "Ghost Fleet": Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session, July 7, 2003"
692:
comprising 10,432 square miles (27,020 km). The watershed includes about 4% open water and an area with a population of 2.5 million people (2000). The James River forms near
1849:
Sutcliffe, Andrea (2010). Touring the
Shenandoah Valley backroads (2nd ed.). Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair Publishers. p. 257. ISBN 9780895873934. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
648:
619:
was laid along the eastern portion of the canal's towpath, and became part of the C&O within 10 years. In modern times, this rail line is used primarily in transporting
845:
1987:
Williams Island Now Part of James River Park; www.richmond.com/outdoors/james-river/article_129b5338-486d-11e2-84d8-0019bb30f31a.html; retrieved August 29, 2015
1918:
1448:
488:
2136:
1405:
1329:
1810:
1063:
865:
1014:
water into
Richmond's water treatment facility on the north bank. The less than 5 feet tall dam does not serve any power or navigation purpose.
526:
Navigation of the James River played an important role in early
Virginia commerce and in the settlement of the interior, although growth of the
2408:
1423:
1010:
capacity. At 1,617 feet, the longest dam is the Cushaw
Hydroelectric Project due to the highly angled path the dam takes across the river.
1188:
2398:
1352:
1688:
1373:
1211:
The SR 895 high-level crossing is the last bridge east of the Deepwater Port of Richmond and head of ocean-going navigation at the
2055:
1536:
1109:
878:
500:
917:. In May 2007 a survey identified 175 sturgeon remaining in the entire river, with 15 specimens exceeding 5 feet (1.5 m).
1610:
during national emergencies, either military or non-military, such as commercial shipping crises. The fleet is managed by the
240:
2403:
2129:
1615:
1886:
1223:
The following is a list of extant highway bridges across the James River with one or both ends within the City of Richmond.
1215:
of the James River. West of this point, potential flooding is more of an engineering concern than clearance for watercraft.
1786:"A Short History of Jamestown - Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)"
456:
1679:
1460:
534:
during the first 75 years. The upper reaches of the river above the head of navigation at the fall line were explored by
495:
successful financially, spurring even more development, investments and immigration. Below the falls at Richmond, many
432:
2086:
1998:
1570:
1077:
area, the river is as much as 5 miles (8.0 km) wide at points. Due to ocean-going shipping upriver as far as the
1619:
1611:
1150:
2122:
1720:
1454:
1227:
599:
169:
1006:
The tallest dam is the Reusens Dam, which also has the greatest hydroelectric nameplate capacity and the greatest
2388:
1785:
1684:
1651:
616:
496:
2413:
1599:
1325:
The following is a partial, incomplete list of extant highway bridges across the James River west of Richmond.
1674:
2165:
1257:
587:
1419:
1247:
931:
531:
20:
1606:" ships, mostly merchant vessels, that can be activated within 20 to 120 days to provide shipping for the
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1825:
1098:
1078:
608:
436:
1972:
376:
2347:
1631:
1429:
1265:
1200:
1196:
946:
771:
701:
697:
492:
1935:
1564:
1520:
1508:
1499:
1444:
1396:
1339:
1251:
1231:
1204:
1181:
1102:
810:
a few miles further east. Many boats pass through this river to import and export Virginia products.
612:
504:
2106:
1482:
1465:
1409:
1333:
1313:
1303:
1299:
1279:
1261:
1166:
1162:
855:
830:
756:
713:
551:
547:
535:
408:
135:
2383:
2281:
2146:
1547:, the City of Richmond requires bicycles to travel on the sidewalk for the length of the bridge.
1503:
1469:
1387:
1378:
1348:
1309:
1293:
1143:
1132:
964:
479:
which proved popular in England. Soon, the river became the primary means of exporting the large
2180:
1860:
1285:
677:
628:
416:
1049:
643:
resulted in the contamination of large stretches of the James River estuary downstream of the
2249:
1515:
1473:
1382:
1367:
1169:
which replaced ferry service in 1966. It was the site of a major collision of a ship in 1977.
717:
644:
563:
396:
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8:
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752:
739:
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571:
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467:
420:
352:
43:
1959:
Karl Blankenship, Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay, "Bay Journal", September 2007, p. 7
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960:
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914:
795:
787:
84:
1784:
Yorktown, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 210; Us, VA 23690 Phone: 757 898-2410 Contact.
1716:
U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data.
676:
cooperation conducive to river clean-up. This original agreement has evolved as the
411:
is included, the longer of its two headwaters. It is the longest river in Virginia.
2337:
2205:
1544:
1275:
1053:
970:
850:
820:
748:
709:
656:
499:
had their own wharves, and additional ports and/or early railheads were located at
400:
364:
131:
2019:
1764:
491:
with wharfs along its banks. This development made the proprietary efforts of the
2190:
2090:
1976:
1724:
1603:
1540:
1289:
1139:
988:
840:
791:
775:
764:
2195:
1241:
1113:
953:
807:
803:
721:
689:
664:
615:
by 1873, dooming the canal's economic prospects. In the late-19th century, the
611:(C&O) was completed between Richmond and the Ohio River at the new city of
460:
452:
404:
222:
66:
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2332:
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1898:
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591:
255:
242:
210:
184:
171:
101:
52:
2095:
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910:
539:
459:
along the banks of the river about 35 miles (56 km) upstream from the
2083:
1032:
2357:
2221:
1717:
1618:
and is based in Fort Eustis, Virginia. It is a different entity from the
1237:
981:
870:
860:
835:
760:
583:
582:
The James River was considered a route for transport of produce from the
205:
523:, and, during the 17th century, the capital of the colony at Jamestown.
2101:
1158:
995:
705:
639:
During the 1960s and 1970s, mishandling and dumping of the insecticide
595:
472:
1602:, called the "James River fleet" or the "ghost fleet", consisting of "
802:, a channel leads from Hampton Roads into the southern portion of the
399:
and flows from the confluence of the Cowpasture and Jackson Rivers in
2041:
1212:
1082:
1007:
906:
729:
624:
484:
439:
in the late 16th and early 17th centuries called the James River the
1885:
Times, Ben A. Franklin Special to The New York (February 16, 1977).
1184:
which was the second of its type in the U.S. when it was completed.
480:
444:
392:
226:
155:
111:
590:
was built for this purpose, to provide a navigable portion of the
476:
1738:"James River | Virginia, Map, History, & Facts | Britannica"
1128:
1086:
1036:
640:
598:. For the most mountainous section between the two points, the
527:
37:
1093:
are used for highway traffic. Crossings east to west include:
1969:
747:
Larger tributaries draining to the tidal portion include the
407:. The river length extends to 444 miles (715 km) if the
466:
The navigable portion of the river was the major highway of
659:
shut down the James River to fishing for 100 miles, from
2084:
Online exhibition of the James River & Kanawha Canal
554:
regions descended the river to seaports at Richmond and
1968:
US Army Corps of Engineers National Inventory of Dams;
1766:
The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
778:
join the James River to form the harbor area known as
728:. Tidal waters extend west to Richmond at the river's
423:, Virginia's current capital, lie on the James River.
2098:, talk by Ann Woodlief at James River Symposium, 1995
451:
colonists who arrived in 1607 named it "James" after
892:
James River at Huntington Park Beach in Newport News
1320:
1068:
2375:
1539:prohibits bicycles, but bicyclists may take the
577:
2144:
1064:List of crossings of the James River (Virginia)
1028:ACL Railroad crossing at the falls in Richmond.
475:successfully cultivated a non-native strain of
1936:"State of the James | James River Association"
1762:
1218:
76:
2130:
1550:
380:The James at Percival's Island Riverwalk in
1809:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2137:
2123:
1887:"James River Fishing Ban Partially Lifted"
770:At its mouth near Newport News Point, the
419:, Virginia's first colonial capitals, and
325:313,000 cu ft/s (8,900 m/s)
1689:United States Department of the Interior
1554:
1199:) via a high-level bridge to connect to
1048:
1031:
1023:
887:
738:
455:as they constructed the first permanent
375:
305:6,835 cu ft/s (193.5 m/s)
2022:. Virginia Department of Transportation
1912:
1537:Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel
1110:Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel
879:Category:Tributaries of the James River
683:
634:
283:10,432 sq mi (27,020 km)
57:A map of the James River drainage basin
2376:
1996:
1783:
1669:
1667:
2409:Rivers of James City County, Virginia
2118:
1884:
1712:
1710:
1622:, which consist largely of warships.
1330:World War II Veterans Memorial Bridge
2107:James River During the Civil War in
1999:"Where am I RVA? Z-Dam on the James"
1997:Riggan, Philip (December 27, 2011).
1919:Jack Cooksey, "What's in the Water?"
813:
743:The James River through Richmond, VA
315:10 cu ft/s (0.28 m/s)
2056:"James River Reserve Fleet | MARAD"
1925:, June 2007, accessed 13 June 2012.
1861:"The Kepone Environmental Disaster"
1680:Geographic Names Information System
1664:
1282:) (toll bridge, restricted weights)
435:who populated the area east of the
42:James River at the crossing of the
13:
1823:
1707:
457:English settlement in the Americas
14:
2425:
2399:Tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay
2077:
1858:
1620:United States Navy reserve fleets
1612:U.S. Department of Transportation
1543:. After a fatal accident on the
1151:Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge
1321:Highway bridges west of Richmond
1228:Interstate 95 James River Bridge
1189:Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge
600:James River and Kanawha Turnpike
51:
36:
16:River in Virginia, United States
2048:
2034:
2012:
1990:
1981:
1962:
1953:
1928:
1878:
1685:United States Geological Survey
1652:Atlantic Reserve Fleet, Norfolk
1357:Columbia Road (Route 690) near
617:Richmond and Alleghany Railroad
487:from an ever-growing number of
403:348 miles (560 km) to the
1852:
1843:
1826:"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia"
1817:
1777:
1756:
1730:
1695:
1600:National Defense Reserve Fleet
1069:Highway bridges below Richmond
542:during the late 17th century.
234: • coordinates
163: • coordinates
1:
1769:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
1657:
1598:) for a large portion of the
1559:Part of the James River Fleet
1258:Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge
883:
588:James River and Kanawha Canal
578:James River and Kanawha Canal
118:Physical characteristics
2404:Rivers of Richmond, Virginia
1704:, accessed February 14, 2011
1420:Carter Glass Memorial Bridge
932:Cushaw Hydroelectric Project
649:LifeSciences Product Company
21:James River (disambiguation)
7:
2096:Heritage of the James River
1625:
1530:
1219:Highway bridges at Richmond
1099:Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel
670:
609:Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
558:through such port towns as
447:who occupied the area. The
218: • location
143: • location
10:
2430:
1975:September 1, 2019, at the
1970:http://nid.usace.army.mil/
1632:List of rivers of Virginia
1430:John Lynch Memorial Bridge
1061:
1017:
947:Bedford Hydropower Project
876:
493:Virginia Company of London
426:
321: • maximum
311: • minimum
301: • average
18:
2325:
2214:
2153:
1565:James River Reserve Fleet
1551:James River Reserve Fleet
782:. Between the tip of the
688:The James River drains a
613:Huntington, West Virginia
370:
358:
346:
338:
333:
329:
319:
309:
299:
291:
287:
279:
275:348 mi (560 km)
271:
232:
216:
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200:
161:
141:
126:
122:
117:
107:
97:
92:
72:
62:
50:
35:
30:
1727:, accessed April 1, 2011
1300:Huguenot Memorial Bridge
360: • right
2147:Battle of Hampton Roads
2102:James River Association
2089:April 16, 2021, at the
1763:Gannett, Henry (1905).
1723:March 29, 2012, at the
1616:Maritime Administration
1586:37.120393°N 76.646469°W
1310:Edward E. Willey Bridge
1045:crosses near Lynchburg.
920:
497:James River plantations
453:King James I of England
348: • left
77:
2389:James River (Virginia)
2181:Catesby ap Roger Jones
1560:
1455:Natural Bridge Station
1424:U.S. Route 29 Business
1286:Powhite Parkway Bridge
1057:
1046:
1029:
893:
744:
696:on the border between
678:Chesapeake Bay Program
384:
2414:James River Watershed
2109:Encyclopedia Virginia
2020:"Crossing the Waters"
1865:Encyclopedia Virginia
1830:Encyclopedia Virginia
1824:Salmon, Emily Jones.
1591:37.120393; -76.646469
1558:
1474:U.S. Bicycle Route 76
1052:
1035:
1027:
891:
742:
718:Appalachian Mountains
645:Allied Signal Company
594:, a tributary of the
530:was primarily in the
397:Appalachian Mountains
379:
256:36.94167°N 76.44361°W
185:37.78444°N 79.77583°W
2060:www.maritime.dot.gov
1642:James River Squadron
1270:U.S. Bicycle Route 1
899:Blue Ridge mountains
720:. It flows into the
684:Watershed and course
635:Kepone contamination
538:parties sent out by
19:For other uses, see
2161:John Lorimer Worden
1582: /
1488:State Route 630 at
1459:State Route 614 at
1453:State Route 759 at
1372:State Route 602 at
1178:cable-stayed bridge
1081:, a combination of
800:South Hampton Roads
704:counties, from the
395:that begins in the
382:Lynchburg, Virginia
334:Basin features
261:36.94167; -76.44361
252: /
190:37.78444; -79.77583
181: /
152:Allegheny Mountains
67:King James VI and I
2394:Rivers of Virginia
2166:Samuel Dana Greene
1891:The New York Times
1742:www.britannica.com
1637:James River bateau
1567:is the anchorage (
1561:
1436:Blue Ridge Parkway
1193:Pocahontas Parkway
1174:Varina-Enon Bridge
1121:James River Bridge
1058:
1047:
1042:Northeast Regional
1030:
894:
826:Chickahominy River
784:Virginia Peninsula
753:Chickahominy River
745:
734:head of navigation
653:Hopewell, Virginia
385:
353:Chickahominy River
44:Blue Ridge Parkway
2371:
2370:
2176:Franklin Buchanan
1940:thejamesriver.org
1923:Richmond Magazine
1859:Holst, Arthur M.
1647:Army of the James
1514:Bridge Street at
1248:Manchester Bridge
961:Coleman Falls Dam
915:Atlantic sturgeon
814:Major tributaries
788:Old Point Comfort
468:colonial Virginia
374:
373:
2421:
2206:Louis N. Stodder
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2070:
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1718:The National Map
1714:
1705:
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1671:
1597:
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1594:
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1592:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1545:Boulevard Bridge
1494:James Street at
1276:Boulevard Bridge
1079:Port of Richmond
1054:Boulevard Bridge
971:Holcomb Rock Dam
956:near Big Island.
949:near Big Island.
851:Cowpasture River
821:Appomattox River
749:Appomattox River
657:Mills Godwin Jr.
532:Tidewater region
443:, named for the
433:Native Americans
401:Botetourt County
365:Appomattox River
361:
349:
322:
312:
302:
267:
266:
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132:Cowpasture River
88:
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55:
40:
28:
27:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2422:
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2419:
2418:
2374:
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2367:
2348:Elizabeth River
2321:
2210:
2191:Stephen Mallory
2149:
2143:
2091:Wayback Machine
2080:
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2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
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1991:
1986:
1982:
1977:Wayback Machine
1967:
1963:
1958:
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1944:
1942:
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1933:
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1745:
1744:. March 5, 2024
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1725:Wayback Machine
1715:
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1590:
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1569:
1568:
1553:
1541:Jamestown Ferry
1533:
1511:near Eagle Rock
1323:
1296:) (toll bridge)
1290:Powhite Parkway
1221:
1201:State Route 150
1197:State Route 895
1140:Jamestown Ferry
1071:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1020:
989:Scotts Mill Dam
984:near Lynchburg.
923:
886:
881:
875:
841:Nansemond River
816:
806:and out to the
792:Willoughby Spit
776:Nansemond River
772:Elizabeth River
765:Nansemond River
686:
673:
637:
623:coal to export
580:
505:Bermuda Hundred
429:
359:
347:
320:
310:
300:
260:
258:
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1374:Howardsville
1353:Cartersville
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1191:carries the
1157:. This is a
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911:blue catfish
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846:Looney Creek
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629:Newport News
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552:Great Valley
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540:Abraham Wood
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417:Williamsburg
388:
386:
25:
2358:Fort Monroe
2343:James River
1790:www.nps.gov
1589: /
1516:Glen Wilton
1498:connecting
1485:at Buchanan
1432:(Lynchburg)
1383:Scottsville
1368:Bremo Bluff
1238:Mayo Bridge
1056:in Richmond
982:Reusens Dam
871:Maury River
861:Craig Creek
836:Pagan River
761:Pagan River
584:Ohio Valley
564:Scottsville
536:fur-trading
489:plantations
389:James River
339:Tributaries
259: /
188: /
73:Native name
31:James River
2378:Categories
2252:Cumberland
1658:References
1604:mothballed
1577:76°38′47″W
1574:37°07′13″N
1496:Eagle Rock
1490:Springwood
1440:Big Island
1401:Bent Creek
1176:is a high
1159:drawbridge
1083:ferryboats
996:Bosher Dam
940:Big Island
884:Recreation
877:See also:
763:, and the
710:Cowpasture
706:confluence
651:plants in
625:coal piers
605:Eagle Rock
596:Ohio River
556:Manchester
521:Smithfield
509:City Point
473:John Rolfe
280:Basin size
247:76°26′37″W
244:36°56′30″N
176:79°46′33″W
2338:Tidewater
2316:Jamestown
2276:Minnesota
2065:April 28,
1899:0362-4331
1702:USGS data
1525:Iron Gate
1414:Lynchburg
1213:fall line
1180:carrying
1008:reservoir
975:Lynchburg
907:fall line
730:fall line
702:Botetourt
698:Alleghany
694:Iron Gate
690:catchment
560:Lynchburg
513:Claremont
485:cash crop
481:hogsheads
449:Jamestown
445:Powhatans
437:Fall Line
413:Jamestown
292:Discharge
173:37°47′4″N
148:Iron Gate
63:Etymology
2292:Beaufort
2244:Congress
2235:Virginia
2087:Archived
2026:July 23,
1973:Archived
1945:April 5,
1870:April 5,
1805:cite web
1748:April 5,
1721:Archived
1626:See also
1531:Bicycles
1478:Buchanan
1412:east of
1359:Columbia
1155:Hopewell
1000:Richmond
903:Richmond
794:area of
790:and the
774:and the
671:Clean-up
661:Richmond
572:Buchanan
568:Columbia
548:Piedmont
517:Scotland
483:of this
421:Richmond
393:Virginia
227:Virginia
156:Virginia
112:Virginia
93:Location
85:Powhatan
78:Powhatan
2353:Norfolk
2300:Raleigh
2268:Roanoke
2225:Monitor
1461:Arcadia
1449:Snowden
1392:Wingina
1344:Maidens
1087:bridges
1085:, high
1073:In the
1018:Bridges
936:Glasgow
796:Norfolk
714:Jackson
708:of the
663:to the
501:Warwick
477:tobacco
427:History
98:Country
2326:Places
2260:Zouave
2154:People
1897:
1795:May 1,
1334:SR 288
1314:VA-150
1304:VA-147
1280:VA-161
1266:US-301
1242:US-360
1167:VA 156
1163:VA 106
1129:US 258
1037:Amtrak
641:Kepone
607:. The
586:. The
528:colony
519:, and
342:
295:
272:Length
127:Source
81:
2215:Ships
1523:near
1438:near
1390:near
1381:near
1366:near
1351:near
1342:near
1294:VA-76
1252:US-60
1182:I-295
1153:near
1144:VA 31
1133:VA 32
1125:US 17
1114:I-664
973:near
934:near
786:near
732:(the
206:Mouth
108:State
2314:CSS
2306:CSS
2298:CSS
2290:CSS
2282:USS
2274:USS
2266:USS
2258:USS
2250:USS
2242:USS
2233:CSS
2223:USS
2145:The
2067:2023
2028:2014
2006:2016
1947:2024
1906:2023
1895:ISSN
1872:2024
1837:2023
1811:link
1797:2023
1750:2024
1563:The
1535:The
1502:and
1472:and
1292:and
1268:and
1262:US-1
1232:I-95
1187:The
1172:The
1149:The
1138:The
1119:The
1108:The
1103:I-64
1097:The
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994:The
987:The
980:The
969:The
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945:The
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930:The
921:Dams
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712:and
700:and
647:and
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550:and
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