499:
Stage 0 – "Primal or
Undifferentiated" faith (birth to 2 years), is characterized by an early learning of the safety of their environment (i.e. warm, safe and secure vs. hurt, neglect and abuse). If consistent nurture is experienced, one will develop a sense of trust and safety about the universe and
573:
Fowler's model has inspired a considerable body of empirical research into faith development, although little of such research was ever conducted by Fowler himself. A useful tool here has been Gary Leak's Faith
Development Scale, or FDS, which has been subject to
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the divine. Conversely, negative experiences will cause one to develop distrust about the universe and the divine. Transition to the next stage begins with integration of thought and language which facilitates the use of symbols in speech and play.
559:
relating reality behind the symbols of inherited systems. The individual resolves conflicts from previous stages by a complex understanding of a multidimensional, interdependent "truth" that cannot be explained by any particular
563:
Stage 6 – "Universalizing" faith. The individual would treat any person with compassion as he or she views people as from a universal community, and should be treated with universal principles of love and
801:
537:
to authority and the religious development of a personal identity. Any conflicts with one's beliefs are ignored at this stage due to the fear of threat from inconsistencies.
552:. As one is able to reflect on one's own beliefs, there is an openness to a new complexity of faith, but this also increases the awareness of conflicts in one's belief.
507:, and marked by a relative fluidity of thought patterns. Religion is learned mainly through experiences, stories, images, and the people that one comes in contact with.
293:. He was director of both the Center for Research on Faith and Moral Development, and the Center for Ethics until he retired in 2005. He was a minister in the
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Stage 1 – "Intuitive-Projective" faith (ages of three to seven), is characterized by the psyche's unprotected exposure to the
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Rothman, Stanley; Lichter, S. Robert; Nevitte, Neil (2005). "Fundamentals and
Fundamentalists: A Reply to Ames et al".
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Stage 2 – "Mythic-Literal" faith (mostly in school children), is characterized by persons have a strong belief in the
333:. He was later named Charles Howard Candler Professor of Theology and Human Development. He died on October 16, 2015.
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Stage 3 – "Synthetic-Conventional" faith (arising in adolescence; aged 12 to adulthood), is characterized by
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The
Development and Expression of "the Conviction of the Sovereignty of God" in H. Richard Niebur's Thought
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minister. In 1977, Fowler was appointed
Associate Professor of Theology and Human Development at the
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Stage 4 – "Individuative-Reflective" faith (usually mid-twenties to late thirties), is a stage of
294:
112:
1131: (2005). "Politics and Professional Advancement Among College Faculty".
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241:
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289:(1940–2015) was an American theologian who was Professor of Theology and Human Development at
1053:
McDargh, John (2001). "Faith
Development Theory and the Postmodern Problem of Foundations".
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Evans, Nancy; Forney, Deanna; Guido, Florence; Patton, Lori; Renn, Kristen (2010).
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Stages of Faith: The
Psychology of Human Development and the Quest for Meaning
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Stages of Faith: The
Psychology of Human Development and the Quest for Meaning
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Leak, Gary K. (2008). "Factorial
Validity of the Faith Development Scale".
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Stage 5 – "Conjunctive" faith (mid-life crisis), acknowledges paradox and
544:
and struggle. The individual takes personal responsibility for his or her
802:"James W. Fowler, 75: Theologian, Author 'Embodied the Faith He Studied'"
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605:
Becoming Adult, Becoming
Christian: Adult Development and Christian Faith
357:
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Faithful Change: The Personal and Public Challenges of Postmodern Life
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Teaching for Spiritual Growth: An Introduction to Christian Education
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832:
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1170:"The Symposium on Faith Development Theory and the Modern Paradigm"
228:
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301:, published in 1981, in which he sought to develop the idea of a
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To See the Kingdom: The Theological Vision of H. Richard Niebuhr
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Weaving the New Creation: Stages of Faith and the Public Church
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Student Development in College: Theory, Research, and Practice
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Women's Spirituality: Resources for Christian Development
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The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
943:(2nd ed.). San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.
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Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment
375:
In the book, Fowler describes 6 stages of development.
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924:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House.
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841:
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762:
1268:
Craig R. Dykstra "Transformation in Faith and Morals"
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A synopsis of Fowler's Stages of Faith Consciousness
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International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
1055:
International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
345:(1981), in which he sought to develop the idea of a
1227:
759:
808:. Dunwoody, Georgia: Cox Media Group. p. B6.
795:
793:
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1211:Psychology of Religion: Classic and Contemporary
530:are often misunderstood and are taken literally.
1038:. San Francisco, California: Harper & Row.
897:
1258:James W.Fowler page at Emory Center for Ethics
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994:
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1235:. Belmont, California: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
691:Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
378:
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800:Freightman, C. G. (October 22, 2015).
514:and reciprocity of the universe, and their
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1287:James Fowler's Stages of Faith in Profile
1003:. La Mirada, California: Biola University
995:Osmer, Richard; Bridgers, Lynn (2018) .
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1001:Christian Educators of the 20th Century
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700:Kohlberg's stages of moral development
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580:Developmental approaches to religion
321:, on October 12, 1940, the son of a
297:. Fowler is best known for his book
1354:20th-century American psychologists
632:Faith Development and Pastoral Care
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1364:Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
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1213:(2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
1379:American United Methodist clergy
1016:Wolski Conn, Joann, ed. (1986).
806:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
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682:Theory of cognitive development
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362:theory of cognitive development
1394:Harvard Divinity School alumni
1231:; Kirst-Ashman, Karen (2007).
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341:He is best known for his book
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727:
1186:10.1207/S15327582IJPR1103_01
1067:10.1207/S15327582IJPR1103_05
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722:Integral theory (Ken Wilber)
710:Developmental stage theories
16:American scholar of religion
7:
861:. Atlanta: Emory University
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578:by Leak. For criticism see
370:stages of moral development
354:stages of faith development
272:Stages of faith development
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1020:. New York: Paulist Press.
349:process in "human faith".
327:Candler School of Theology
305:process in "human faith".
1374:Psychologists of religion
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1034:Fowler, James W. (1981).
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785:Osmer & Bridgers 2018
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705:Developmental psychology
356:were along the lines of
287:James William Fowler III
38:James William Fowler III
859:Emory Centre for Ethics
295:United Methodist Church
113:United Methodist Church
1389:Drew University alumni
1384:Duke University alumni
1168:Streib, Heinz (2001).
1145:10.2202/1540-8884.1067
1104:10.2202/1540-8884.1081
717:Psychology of religion
467:Individual-Reflective
242:Psychology of religion
607:(1984) (revised 1999
443:Concrete operational
92:Ecclesiastical career
1321:Oskar Pfister Award
894:, pp. 226–232.
882:, pp. 196–197.
522:. During this time
459:Formal-operational
411:Sensoric-motorical
313:Fowler was born in
135:Academic background
1314:Paul R. Fleischman
1292:2012-06-15 at the
1273:2012-02-05 at the
1139:(1). Art. 2.
1098:(2). Art. 8.
569:Empirical research
518:are almost always
198:H. Richard Niebuhr
159:Harvard University
1337:
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1328:Succeeded by
1242:978-0-495-00622-0
1220:978-0-471-03706-4
1045:978-0-06-062840-6
950:978-0-7879-7809-9
931:978-0-310-59370-6
880:Evans et al. 2010
855:"James W. Fowler"
842:Evans et al. 2010
696:Lawrence Kohlberg
666:978-0-687-01730-0
627:978-0-687-42300-2
528:symbolic language
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366:Lawrence Kohlberg
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403:Undifferentiated
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818:the original
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188:Erik Erikson
176: (1971)
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69:(2015-10-16)
24:The Reverend
1369:1940 births
1349:2015 deaths
678:Jean Piaget
505:Unconscious
440:7–12 years
421:Projective
358:Jean Piaget
1343:Categories
1007:August 27,
865:August 27,
824:August 26,
781:Downs 1994
769:Downs 1994
728:References
560:statement.
535:conformity
481:35+ years
470:21+ years
456:12+ years
451:Synthetic-
424:2–7 years
419:Intuitive-
408:0–2 years
315:Reidsville
217:Discipline
181:Influences
141:Alma mater
52:Reidsville
44:1940-10-12
1202:145263454
1194:1532-7582
1161:145340516
1153:1540-8884
1133:The Forum
1120:144057401
1112:1540-8884
1092:The Forum
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1075:1532-7582
988:143819966
980:1532-7582
904:Leak 2008
814:1539-7459
733:Footnotes
524:metaphors
323:Methodist
102:Methodist
1290:Archived
1271:Archived
672:See also
621:(1974),
564:justice.
550:feelings
437:Literal
229:theology
97:Religion
1306:Awards
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647:(1991)
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