31:
825:
809:
1079:
1061:
207:
75:
50:
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in humans include pain and swelling at the bite site, followed by swelling, chills, sweating, abdominal pain and vomiting, with subsequent slurred speech, difficulty breathing and paralysis. Fatalities have been recorded within three to four hours of being bitten. The venom of the eastern subspecies
1124:
by this species include pain and swelling of the bite site. Systemic effects include generalised swelling, chills, sweating, abdominal pain and vomiting, with subsequent slurred speech, difficulty breathing, and paralysis. Death has been recorded within three to four hours of being bitten; there is
947:
and deforested areas at elevations of up to 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) high, Jameson's mamba is an adaptable species; it persists in areas where there has been extensive deforestation and human development. It is often found around buildings, town parks, farmlands and plantations. Jameson's mamba
723:
and a tail which typically accounts for 20 to 25% of its total length. The total length (including tail) of an adult snake is approximately 1.5–2.2 m (4 ft 11 in – 7 ft 3 in). It may grow as large as 2.64 m (8 ft 8 in). The general consensus is that the
728:
found that males were significantly larger than females. Adults tend to be dull green across the back, blending to pale green towards the underbelly with scales generally edged with black. The neck, throat and underparts are typically cream or yellowish in colour. Jameson's mamba has a narrow and
1675:
Ainsworth, Stuart; Petras, Daniel; Engmark, Mikael; Süssmuth, Roderich D.; Whiteley, Gareth; Albulescu, Laura-Oana; Kazandjian, Taline D.; Wagstaff, Simon C.; Rowley, Paul; Wüster, Wolfgang; Dorrestein, Pieter C.; Arias, Ana Silvia; Gutiérrez, José M.; Harrison, Robert A.; Casewell, Nicholas R.;
1108:
in southern
Nigeria found that both humans and snakes were most active in rural areas during the rainy season, April to August, hence rendering this a peak period for snakebite. As well as succumbing to snakebites, workers were reported to have perished from falling from trees after encountering
1199:
The speed of onset of envenomation means that urgent medical attention is needed. Standard first aid treatment for any bite from a suspected venomous snake is the application of a pressure bandage, minimisation of the victim's movement, and rapid conveyance to a hospital or clinic. Due to the
1008:
Jameson's mamba has been difficult to study in the field due to its arboreal nature and green coloration. It has not been observed hunting but is thought to use a sit-and-wait strategy, which has been reported for the eastern green mamba. The bulk of its diet is made up of
1109:
Jameson's mambas in the canopy of trees in palm oil plantations. Snake bites are rare in cities but more common in forested areas in countries such as the
Democratic Republic of the Congo; the country's poor infrastructure and lack of facilities render access to
733:, which is found in the eastern part of the species' range, features a black tail, while central and western examples typically have a pale green or yellow tail. The thin fangs are attached to the upper jaw and have a furrow running down their anterior surface.
1841:
1208:
is sometimes administered, though the main treatment is the administration of the appropriate antivenom. Trivalent and monovalent antivenoms for the black, eastern green, and
Jameson's mambas became available in the 1950s and 1960s.
920:
is located, as well as in Uganda, Rwanda, and the adjacent
Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a relatively common and widespread snake, particularly across its western range. Fieldwork in Nigeria indicated the species is
1268:
The strength or toxicity of snake venom is traditionally measured using the LD50 (lethal dose 50%) test; in essence, injecting a certain amount of toxin into number of mice and recording what dose kills half of
1866:
1021:, and toads. There is no evidence they have adapted to hunting terrestrial rodents such as rats, though they have been recorded eating rodents in Kenya, and have accepted them in captivity.
2515:
2471:
2807:
976:
when it feels threatened, and its body shape and length give an ability to strike at significant range. Generally not aggressive, it will typically attempt to escape if confronted.
747:
The number and pattern of scales on a snake's body play a key role in the identification and differentiation at the species level. Jameson's mamba has between 15 and 17 rows of
1678:"The medical threat of mamba envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa revealed by genus-wide analysis of venom composition, toxicity and antivenomics profiling of available antivenoms"
1097:
1259:
Snakes of medical
Importance include those with highly dangerous venom resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality, or those that are common agents in snakebite.
1191:. Although cardiotoxins have been isolated in higher proportions from its venom than other mamba species, their role in toxicity is unclear and probably not prominent.
984:
In
Nigeria males fight each other for access to females (and then breed) over the dry season of December, January and February; mating was recorded in September in the
1725:
2544:
Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ), Amblycephalidæ, and Viperidæ
2151:
1017:, woodpeckers, doves, squirrels, shrews and mice. Smaller individuals of under 100 cm (40 in) in length have been recorded feeding on lizards such as the
1398:
996:
of 5–16 eggs; in
Nigeria laying was recorded from April to June, and most likely soon after November in Uganda. Egg clutches have been recovered from abandoned
2423:
2041:
1877:
1187:
and causing an excitatory effect, and are thought to cause symptoms such as sweating. Unlike that of many snake species, the venom of mambas has little
308:, it is slender with dull green upper parts and cream underparts and generally ranges from 1.5 to 2.2 m (4.9 to 7.2 ft) in total length.
2724:
2249:
Laustsen, Andreas
Hougaard; Lomonte, Bruno; Lohse, Brian; Fernández, Julián; Gutiérrez, José María (2015). "Unveiling the nature of black mamba (
2448:
2118:
2763:
2227:
488:
and a black (rather than green) tail. Analysis of the components of the venom of all mambas places
Jameson's mamba as sister species to the
2896:
2871:
2360:
1278:
A monovalent antivenom is specific for one toxin or species, while a polyvalent one is effective against multiple toxins or species.
2698:
1329:
2381:
Gutiérrez, José María; Calvete, Juan J.; Habib, Abdulrazaq G.; Harrison, Robert A.; Williams, David J.; Warrell, David A. (2017).
2843:
2737:
1497:
1354:
729:
elongated head containing small eyes and round pupils. Like the western green mamba, the neck may be flattened. The subspecies
1580:
2848:
2600:
2577:
2509:
1992:
1952:
1781:
1544:
1472:
2742:
1677:
1489:
1346:
2546:. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I–XXV. (
1647:
2891:
2143:
2253:) venom through venomics and antivenom immunoprofiling: Identification of key toxin targets for antivenom development".
2076:"Correlation between annual activity patterns of venomous snakes and rural people in the Niger Delta, southern Nigeria"
1982:
1386:
1144:
at 1.2 mg/kg. The reason for this is unclear as the venom compositions are similar between the two subspecies, though
1176:
853:
2382:
2768:
1180:
30:
2316:
2299:
2196:
2179:
2650:
2030:
1936:
1862:
2067:
1765:
1914:
1902:
824:
808:
74:
1522:
1326:
2881:
2557:
1310:
1101:
2075:
2886:
1822:
861:
2219:
2565:
2539:
1532:
1526:
1460:
1456:
917:
652:
397:
1104:, although there are few records of snakebites. Field observations over a 16-year period in the
742:
2729:
2612:
2553:
2071:
2008:
1761:
1302:
256:
2755:
328:, and the eastern black-tailed subspecies is found eastern sub-Saharan Africa, mainly western
2664:
2561:
2255:
1940:
1682:
1427:
1423:
1298:
857:
671:
381:
377:
313:
196:
179:
2794:
2340:
2876:
2685:
2659:
2495:
1518:
321:
2031:"Guidelines for the production, control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins"
8:
1078:
1060:
1037:
953:
617:
489:
369:
336:
309:
39:
2415:
2280:
2105:
1769:
1717:
1452:
1382:
1306:
1152:
1129:
525:
325:
219:
69:
1560:
1151:
Similarly to the venom of most other mambas, Jameson's mamba's contains predominantly
1125:
an unconfirmed report of a child dying within 30 minutes. With an average intravenous
452:
2789:
2672:
2573:
2505:
2407:
2352:
2321:
2272:
2201:
2110:
1988:
1948:
1813:
1777:
1721:
1709:
1540:
1536:
1468:
929:
885:
865:
785:
294:
2284:
1627:
243:
206:
2834:
2802:
2677:
2463:
2419:
2397:
2311:
2264:
2191:
2100:
2090:
1831:
1811:
1699:
1691:
1623:
1564:
1188:
1160:
933:
485:
466:
401:
393:
287:
792:
scales below, the fourth ones located over and under the eye. Its eyes have three
2776:
2499:
2467:
1333:
1205:
985:
789:
2268:
1695:
2635:
1601:
837:
477:
459:
389:
283:
2028:
1836:
455:
in 1856, and went generally uncorrected by subsequent authors. In 1936, Dutch
2865:
2750:
2356:
1228:
1184:
1172:
1029:
1025:
993:
793:
748:
444:
416:
59:
54:
2411:
2325:
2276:
2205:
2114:
2095:
1713:
1121:
1041:
412:
356:
2781:
2711:
2644:
2402:
1164:
1156:
1105:
1018:
957:
869:
845:
841:
720:
456:
352:
1704:
2703:
1201:
1168:
1117:
936:
781:
470:
348:
317:
1814:"Large elapids and arboreality: the ecology of Jameson's green mamba (
2716:
2177:
1906:
1110:
1014:
989:
922:
496:
438:
426:
340:
86:
2606:
2178:
van Aswegen, G.; van Rooyen, J.M.; Fourie, C; Oberholzer, G (1996).
1327:
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T13265784A13265793.en
2828:
2629:
1045:
1033:
949:
940:
913:
905:
881:
290:
146:
126:
106:
2083:
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
1517:
997:
944:
901:
725:
385:
279:
116:
1812:
Luiselli, Luca; Francesco M. Angelici; Godfrey C. Akani (2000).
1140:
is more than twice as potent as that of the nominate subspecies
2690:
2595:
897:
893:
849:
724:
sexes are of similar sizes, although fieldwork in southeastern
96:
2180:"Putative cardiotoxicity of the venoms of three mamba species"
1674:
1250:
A divided scale is one split down the midline into two scales.
1116:
Like other mambas, the venom of the Jameson's mamba is highly
360:
is around twice as potent as that of the nominate subspecies.
2380:
2248:
973:
969:
916:
to East Africa and chiefly found in western Kenya, where its
889:
873:
481:
432:
420:
405:
344:
329:
301:
298:
156:
136:
956:
and western green mamba, and significantly more so than the
2317:
10.1580/1080-6032(1996)007[0133:BATOTM]2.3.CO;2
2197:
10.1580/1080-6032(1996)007[0115:PCOTVO]2.3.CO;2
2144:"How Snakebites Became an Invisible Health Crisis in Congo"
1947:(1 ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 109.
1320:
1126:
1010:
877:
1159:. Other toxins of the three-finger family present include
719:
Jameson's mamba is a long and slender snake with smooth
1148:
has higher concentrations of the potent neurotoxin-1.
2065:
1760:
1136:) of 0.53 mg/kg, the venom of the eastern subspecies
972:
it is capable of flattening its neck in mimicry of a
2570:
Field Guide to East African Reptiles, Second Edition
2066:
Akani, Godfrey C.; Ebere, Nwabueze; Franco, Daniel;
2029:
WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization.
1200:
neurotoxic nature of green mamba venom, an arterial
968:
Jameson's mamba is a highly agile snake. Like other
1640:
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
1861:
2501:A Complete Guide to the Snakes of Southern Africa
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
400:where Traill studied. In 1848, German naturalist
2863:
2298:Hodgson, Peter S.; Davidson, Terence M. (1996).
2297:
1935:
1876:. Government of South Australia. Archived from
2300:"Biology and treatment of the mamba snakebite"
2142:Cunningham, Hugh Kinsella (9 September 2019).
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1661:
1573:Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée
380:, a Scottish doctor, zoologist and scholar of
1467:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
784:. Its mouth is lined with 7 to 9 (usually 8)
2341:"Snake Bite: A review of Current Literature"
2339:Dreyer, S.B.; Dreyer, J.S. (November 2013).
2338:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2074:; Politano, Edoardo; Luiselli, Luca (2013).
1980:
1774:A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa
952:snake, more so than its close relatives the
796:, three postocular and one subocular scale.
2345:East and Central African Journal of Surgery
1961:
1432:[sic], a New Species from Demerara"
799:
324:subspecies is found in central and western
2242:
2141:
1600:
1511:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
780:) divided subcaudal scales, and a divided
205:
48:
29:
2401:
2315:
2291:
2195:
2166:
2104:
2094:
1929:
1835:
1703:
1622:
1616:
848:. In Central Africa it can be found from
743:Snake scale § Nomenclature of scales
363:
2007:
2001:
1077:
1059:
963:
823:
807:
462:corrected the spelling to the original.
2572:. London: Bloomsbury Wildlife. 624 pp.
2184:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1559:
1498:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1482:
1368:
1355:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1024:The main predators of this species are
415:. The generic name is derived from the
2864:
2494:
2230:from the original on 15 September 2009
2024:
2022:
1867:"Key to the Snakes of South Australia"
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1422:
816:navigating a tree, Korup National Park
589:Jameson's mamba – eastern subspecies (
572:Jameson's mamba – western subspecies (
2611:
2610:
2504:. Penguin Random House South Africa.
2446:
2332:
2304:Wilderness and Environmental Medicine
2047:from the original on 14 February 2020
1981:Spawls, Steve; Branch, Bill (2020) .
1901:
1442:: 53–55 – via Internet Archive.
1418:
1416:
1003:
788:scales above and 8 to 10 (usually 9)
476:, from a specimen collected from the
411:, designating Jameson's mamba as the
2038:WHO Technical Report Series, No. 964
1945:Snakes of Central and Western Africa
1739:
1604:(1936). "Herpetological note XIII".
1401:from the original on 4 November 2013
1181:voltage-dependent potassium channels
1088:from beneath, showing ventral scales
892:. In East Africa it can be found in
2897:Taxa named by Thomas Stewart Traill
2872:IUCN Red List least concern species
2019:
1818:in an Afrotropical forested region"
1790:
1436:Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal
1339:
1323:Red List of Threatened Species 2021
1096:Jameson's mamba is classified as a
1013:and tree-dwelling mammals, such as
13:
2533:
2015:. Facts on File, Inc. p. 164.
1911:Australian Reptile Online Database
1413:
1336:. Downloaded on 18 September 2021.
1082:
1064:
1040:. Other predators may include the
774:
767:
760:
752:
14:
2908:
2588:
2154:from the original on 31 July 2021
1917:from the original on 2 March 2021
1465:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
836:Jameson's mamba occurs mostly in
343:mainly on birds and mammals. Its
2594:
1987:. Bloomsbury. pp. 123–125.
1776:. Bloomsbury. pp. 463–464.
1567:Note sure les Reptiles du Gabon
1381:
1222:
872:. In West Africa it ranges from
854:Democratic Republic of the Congo
759:) or 202 to 227 ventral scales (
392:, Traill's contemporary and the
73:
2518:from the original on 2021-12-16
2488:
2477:from the original on 2021-09-18
2440:
2429:from the original on 2020-11-25
2374:
2363:from the original on 2021-08-25
2212:
2135:
2124:from the original on 2017-08-13
2059:
1895:
1855:
1844:from the original on 2021-12-16
1728:from the original on 2020-10-06
1650:from the original on 2016-03-05
1628:"New tree snakes of the genera
1583:from the original on 2021-08-03
1272:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1044:, other snakes, and species of
316:in 1843, it has two recognised
2390:Nature Reviews Disease Primers
1984:The Dangerous Snakes of Africa
1594:
1553:
1446:
1292:
1070:, the more venomous subspecies
714:
484:, observing that it had fewer
447:'). The genus was misspelt as
1:
1285:
1100:in Sub-Saharan Africa by the
988:in Kenya. Jameson's mamba is
2468:10.18773/austprescr.2012.069
1561:Duméril, Auguste Henri André
1194:
736:
439:
427:
7:
2269:10.1016/j.jprot.2015.02.002
1696:10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.016
1212:
1171:. Dendrotoxins are akin to
1098:Snake of Medical Importance
979:
465:In 1936, British biologist
293:. The species is native to
10:
2913:
2892:Reptiles described in 1843
1907:"snake scale count search"
864:, and as far north as the
740:
433:
421:
396:of Natural History at the
368:Jameson's mamba was first
2818:
2619:
2226:. University of Bristol.
1837:10.1163/18759866-06903001
1676:Calvete, Juan J. (2018).
1102:World Health Organization
667:
648:
641:
613:
587:
570:
563:
556:
549:
521:
514:
507:
225:
218:
214:Range of Jameson's mamba
213:
204:
185:
178:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1865:; Williams, Ian (2018).
1823:Contributions to Zoology
1606:Zoologische Mededelingen
1325:: e.T13265784A13265793.
1237:
1051:
862:Central African Republic
800:Distribution and habitat
751:at midbody, 210 to 236 (
1937:Chippaux, Jean-Philippe
1874:South Australian Museum
1533:Oxford University Press
1528:A Greek-English Lexicon
844:, and in some parts of
653:Dendroaspis angusticeps
591:Dendroaspis j. kaimosae
574:Dendroaspis j. jamesoni
398:University of Edinburgh
312:by Scottish naturalist
2383:"Snakebite envenoming"
2096:10.1186/1678-9199-19-2
1602:Brongersma, Leo Daniel
1089:
1071:
829:
817:
364:Taxonomy and etymology
2456:Australian Prescriber
2256:Journal of Proteomics
2251:Dendroaspis polylepis
1816:Dendroaspis jamesoni)
1683:Journal of Proteomics
1531:(Abridged ed.).
1519:Liddell, Henry George
1081:
1063:
964:Behaviour and ecology
858:Republic of the Congo
828:Dorsal view of scales
827:
811:
672:Dendroaspis polylepis
650:eastern green mamba (
615:western green mamba (
493:(Dendroaspis viridis)
382:medical jurisprudence
2665:Dendroaspis_jamesoni
2651:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2621:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2603:at Wikimedia Commons
2601:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2582:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2548:Dendraspis jamesonii
2403:10.1038/nrdp.2017.63
2040:. pp. 224–226.
1477:Dendroaspis jamesoni
1428:"Description of the
1395:The Reptile Database
1389:Dendroaspis jamesoni
1349:Dendroaspis jamesoni
1315:Dendroaspis jamesoni
992:; the female lays a
910:D. jamesoni kaimosae
731:D. jamesoni kaimosae
474:D. jamesoni kaimosae
451:by French zoologist
274:Dendroaspis jamesoni
251:Dendroaspis jamesoni
189:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2447:Whyte, Ian (2012).
2224:School of Chemistry
2013:Snakes of the World
1204:may be beneficial.
1179:that interact with
1177:protease inhibitors
1038:Congo serpent eagle
954:eastern green mamba
618:Dendroaspis viridis
490:western green mamba
238:Dendraspis jamesoni
40:Conservation status
2449:"Antivenom update"
1903:Macdonald, Stewart
1636:from Kenya Colony"
1332:2021-12-16 at the
1155:agents as well as
1153:three-finger toxin
1130:median lethal dose
1090:
1072:
1004:Diet and predators
852:northwards to the
830:
818:
526:Ophiophagus hannah
495:, as shown in the
339:, Jameson's mamba
326:sub-Saharan Africa
297:. A member of the
2859:
2858:
2790:Open Tree of Life
2613:Taxon identifiers
2599:Media related to
2578:978-1-399-40481-5
2511:978-1-920544-64-5
1994:978-1-4729-6028-3
1954:978-1-4214-2719-5
1783:978-0-7136-6817-9
1624:Loveridge, Arthur
1546:978-0-19-910207-5
1473:978-1-4214-0135-5
1231:
1229:Snakes portal
1094:
1093:
908:. The subspecies
886:Equatorial Guinea
866:Imatong Mountains
834:
833:
711:
710:
702:
701:
693:
692:
684:
683:
630:
629:
602:
601:
538:
537:
347:consists of both
295:equatorial Africa
266:
265:
63:
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2882:Snakes of Africa
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1189:phospholipase A2
1161:alpha-neurotoxin
1084:
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469:described a new
467:Arthur Loveridge
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402:Hermann Schlegel
394:Regius Professor
388:is in honour of
386:specific epithet
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171:D. jamesoni
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52:
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24:Jameson's mamba
21:
20:
16:Species of snake
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2550:, pp. 436–437).
2536:
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2072:Petrozzi, Fabio
2068:Eniang, Edem A.
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2009:Mattison, Chris
2006:
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1883:on 18 July 2019
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1810:
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1764:; Howell, Kim;
1762:Spawls, Stephen
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1579:(8): 553–562 .
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1391:(Traill, 1843)"
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2820:Elaps jamesoni
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1766:Drewes, Robert
1738:
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1430:Elaps Jamesoni
1424:Traill, Thomas
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1120:. Symptoms of
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478:Kaimosi Forest
460:Leo Brongersma
431:, 'tree') and
390:Robert Jameson
374:Elaps jamesoni
365:
362:
355:. Symptoms of
335:Predominantly
284:venomous snake
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918:type locality
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876:eastwards to
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669:black mamba (
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475:
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468:
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457:herpetologist
454:
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441:
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418:
417:Ancient Greek
414:
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407:
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399:
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387:
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378:Thomas Traill
375:
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180:Binomial name
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56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2819:
2620:
2581:
2569:
2547:
2543:
2540:Boulenger GA
2520:. Retrieved
2500:
2490:
2479:. Retrieved
2459:
2455:
2442:
2431:. Retrieved
2396:(3): 17063.
2393:
2389:
2376:
2365:. Retrieved
2351:(3): 45–52.
2348:
2344:
2334:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2260:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2234:18 September
2232:. Retrieved
2223:
2214:
2187:
2183:
2156:. Retrieved
2147:
2137:
2126:. Retrieved
2086:
2082:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2037:
2012:
2003:
1983:
1944:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1910:
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1878:the original
1873:
1857:
1846:. Retrieved
1827:
1821:
1815:
1773:
1730:. Retrieved
1705:10261/279110
1687:
1681:
1652:. Retrieved
1643:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1618:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1585:. Retrieved
1576:
1572:
1566:
1555:
1527:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1491:
1484:
1476:
1464:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1403:. Retrieved
1394:
1388:
1358:. Retrieved
1348:
1341:
1318:
1314:
1307:Branch, W.R.
1299:Luiselli, L.
1294:
1274:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1219:
1218:
1198:
1165:cardiotoxins
1157:dendrotoxins
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1122:envenomation
1115:
1095:
1085:
1067:
1042:honey badger
1023:
1019:common agama
1007:
983:
967:
948:is a highly
927:
909:
835:
813:
777:
770:
763:
756:
746:
730:
718:
670:
668:
651:
649:
616:
614:
590:
588:
573:
571:
524:
523:king cobra (
522:
492:
473:
464:
448:
413:type species
408:
404:created the
373:
367:
357:envenomation
353:cardiotoxins
334:
305:
273:
272:
268:
267:
250:
237:
233:Traill, 1843
228:
188:
186:
170:
169:
157:
18:
2877:Dendroaspis
2712:iNaturalist
2645:Wikispecies
2263:: 126–142.
1770:Ashe, James
1690:: 173–189.
1535:. pp.
1492:Dendroaspis
1453:Beolens, Bo
1383:Uetz, Peter
1169:fasciculins
1113:difficult.
1106:Niger Delta
958:black mamba
937:rainforests
880:, Nigeria,
870:South Sudan
846:East Africa
842:West Africa
786:supralabial
715:Description
480:in western
409:Dendroaspis
376:in 1843 by
349:neurotoxins
306:Dendroaspis
158:Dendroaspis
2866:Categories
2835:Q109522014
2522:2021-07-31
2481:2021-09-18
2433:2021-03-10
2367:2021-08-25
2128:2021-03-10
1848:2021-07-31
1732:2020-01-29
1654:2018-02-20
1634:Dendraspis
1587:2021-08-03
1503:9 December
1479:, p. 133).
1311:Howell, K.
1303:Wagner, P.
1286:References
1202:tourniquet
1118:neurotoxic
1036:, and the
1015:cisticolas
1000:colonies.
782:anal scale
741:See also:
471:subspecies
449:Dendraspis
318:subspecies
282:of highly
133:Suborder:
2566:Menegon M
2357:2073-9990
2051:1 January
1887:19 August
1722:217018550
1646:: 63–66.
1313:(2021). "
1195:Treatment
1111:antivenom
990:oviparous
943:, forest-
934:secondary
928:Found in
923:sedentary
896:, Kenya,
794:preocular
790:sublabial
737:Scalation
497:cladogram
370:described
310:Described
165:Species:
137:Serpentes
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2829:Wikidata
2808:jamesoni
2756:13265784
2730:10373713
2636:Q1681355
2630:Wikidata
2568:(2018).
2562:Hinkel H
2558:Howell K
2554:Spawls S
2542:(1896).
2516:Archived
2498:(2011).
2472:Archived
2424:Archived
2412:28905944
2361:Archived
2326:11990107
2285:42454467
2277:25688917
2228:Archived
2206:11990104
2152:Archived
2119:Archived
2115:23849681
2089:(1): 2.
2042:Archived
2011:(1987).
1943:(2019).
1915:Archived
1842:Archived
1772:(2002).
1726:Archived
1714:28843532
1648:Archived
1630:Thrasops
1626:(1936).
1581:Archived
1563:(1856).
1537:109, 154
1525:(1980).
1463:(2011).
1426:(1843).
1405:27 April
1399:Archived
1330:Archived
1213:See also
1146:kaimosae
1142:jamesoni
1138:kaimosae
1086:kaimosae
1068:kaimosae
1046:mongoose
1034:bateleur
980:Breeding
950:arboreal
941:woodland
906:Tanzania
882:Cameroon
814:jamesoni
778:kaimosae
771:jamesoni
764:kaimosae
757:jamesoni
337:arboreal
322:nominate
291:Elapidae
220:Synonyms
147:Elapidae
143:Family:
127:Squamata
117:Reptilia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2849:1057817
2704:2469880
2420:4916503
2158:31 July
2106:3707103
1360:8 March
998:termite
945:savanna
930:primary
914:endemic
902:Burundi
812:Subsp.
726:Nigeria
499:below.
428:dendron
422:δένδρον
286:in the
280:species
257:Schmidt
244:Günther
199:, 1843)
153:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2795:109062
2743:700482
2691:795079
2576:
2508:
2418:
2410:
2355:
2324:
2283:
2275:
2204:
2113:
2103:
1991:
1951:
1780:
1720:
1712:
1612:: 135.
1543:
1471:
1175:-type
1173:kunitz
1127:murine
1083:Subsp.
1065:Subsp.
994:clutch
970:mambas
898:Rwanda
894:Uganda
850:Angola
775:Subsp.
768:Subsp.
761:Subsp.
753:Subsp.
721:scales
419:words
384:. The
320:. The
288:family
259:, 1923
246:, 1858
197:Traill
2782:98901
2725:IRMNG
2717:30408
2678:34M6P
2475:(PDF)
2452:(PDF)
2427:(PDF)
2416:S2CID
2386:(PDF)
2281:S2CID
2122:(PDF)
2079:(PDF)
2045:(PDF)
2034:(PDF)
1921:3 May
1881:(PDF)
1870:(PDF)
1718:S2CID
1269:them.
1238:Notes
1052:Venom
1011:birds
974:cobra
890:Gabon
874:Ghana
482:Kenya
440:aspis
434:ἀσπίς
406:genus
345:venom
341:preys
330:Kenya
302:genus
299:mamba
278:is a
2844:ITIS
2769:8623
2764:NCBI
2751:IUCN
2738:ITIS
2699:GBIF
2574:ISBN
2506:ISBN
2408:PMID
2353:ISSN
2322:PMID
2273:PMID
2236:2021
2202:PMID
2160:2021
2111:PMID
2053:2019
1989:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1923:2019
1889:2021
1778:ISBN
1710:PMID
1632:and
1541:ISBN
1505:2013
1469:ISBN
1407:2012
1362:2015
1321:IUCN
1319:The
1167:and
932:and
904:and
888:and
878:Togo
840:and
351:and
2686:EoL
2673:CoL
2660:ADW
2580:. (
2464:doi
2398:doi
2312:doi
2265:doi
2261:119
2192:doi
2101:PMC
2091:doi
1832:doi
1700:hdl
1692:doi
1688:172
1475:. (
1317:".
1132:(LD
912:is
868:of
445:asp
372:as
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