271:" ("one constitution, one flag and one premier"). This was in marked opposition to the state trying to formulate its own constitution, carrying its own flag and calling its head of executive "Prime Minister." On 15 January 1952, students staged a demonstration against the hoisting of the state flag alongside the Indian Union flag. They were penalised, giving rise to a big procession on 8 February. The military was called out and a 72-hour curfew imposed.
256:. The government swiftly suppressed it by arresting as many as 294 members of the Praja Parishad including Prem Nath Dogra, its president. Balraj Madhok was externed from the state. The Praja Parishad's call for full integration directly clashed with the demands of National Conference for complete autonomy of the state. The Indian leaders intervened and arranged a temporary truce. However, the simmering tensions came to the fore again in the
320:
imprisoned in Jammu, Punjab and Delhi, including
Members of Parliament. Unfortunately, Mukherjee died in detention on 23 June 1953, leading to an uproar in India and precipitating a crisis that spiralled out of control. Sheikh Abdullah lost majority within his five-member Cabinet. He was dismissed from the post of Prime Minister and put in prison, by the orders of
341:
The Praja
Parishad failed to develop into a mass movement, especially in rural areas. The National Conference, having implemented land reforms benefiting the rural populations, was favoured by the electorate. The Parishad was also an overwhelmingly Hindu party, and had no attraction to the Muslims.
319:
to launch a parallel agitation in Delhi. In May 1953, Shyama Prasad
Mukherjee made a bid to enter Jammu and Kashmir, citing his rights as an Indian citizen to visit any part of the country. Abdullah prohibited his entry and promptly arrested him when he attempted. An estimated 10,000 activists were
302:
In order to break the constitutional deadlock, the
National Conference was invited to send a delegation to Delhi. The 1952 Delhi Agreement was formulated to settle the extent of applicability of the Indian Constitution to the state. Following this, the Constituent Assembly abolished the monarchy in
310:
The Praja
Parishad undertook a civil disobedience campaign for a third time in November 1952, which again led to repression by the state government. The Parishad accused Abdullah of communalism (sectarianism), favouring the Muslim interests in the state and sacrificing the interests of the others.
239:
was founded in
November 1947 with this background, soon after the Pakistani tribal invasion. Balraj Madhok was a key organiser of the party and Hari Wazir became its first President. Prem Nath Dogra and others soon joined in. According to Madhok, the objective of the party was to achieve the "full
263:
The Praja
Parishad initially contested 28 out of 30 seats allocated to Jammu in the 1951 elections. However, the nomination papers of thirteen of its candidates were rejected on the grounds of technicalities. Sensing that the elections were being railroaded by the ruling National Conference, the
294:
was a powerful leader, commanding a big block of support from various opposition parties. The Party and
Mukherjee took up the cause of Jammu with vigour. The Praja Parishad submitted a memorandum to the President of India in June 1952, calling for full integration and staged a big demonstration
264:
Praja
Parishad announced a boycott of the elections shortly before the polling. Consequently, all National Conference candidates were declared as winners from the Jammu province. Thus obstructed from democratic participation, the Praja Parishad took to the streets organising protests.
400:, widely regarded as the first free and fair elections in Jammu and Kashmir, the Janata Party won 11 seats in Jammu and a further 2 seats in the Kashmir Valley. The Indian National Congress also won 11 seats in Jammu, but none in the Kashmir Valley.
333:, who succeeded Abdullah as the Prime Minister, implemented all the measures of the Delhi Agreement, making further concessions of powers to the Union government. The Praja Parishad agitation largely subsided after these events.
164:
during its lifetime and merged with the latter in 1963. Its main activity was to campaign for the close integration of Jammu and
Kashmir with India and oppose the special status granted to the state under the
356:, the Praja Parishad was reduced to 3 seats. It held a massive demonstration in the city of Jammu, protesting against alleged electoral malpractices. The Prime Minister
228:
might decide regarding the state's status, which in effect meant support for the state's independence. However, following the communal upheaval of the partition and the
349:, the Praja Parishad put forward 17 candidates and won 6 seats. One elected member later switched sides, with the Parishad retaining only 5 members in the Assembly.
371:. The event is characterised by analysts as a major "centralising strategy" and a victory for the Hindu nationalist agenda of the Praja Parishad and its allies.
412:
408:
397:
375:
353:
346:
257:
1068:
1048:
1063:
420:
178:
177:, the party gradually rose in stature. As an integral part of the Bharatiya Janata Party, it was a partner in the ruling coalition led by the
415:, the party scored a major victory emerging as the second largest party in the Assembly with 25 seats. It formed a coalition government with
286:, and the Praja Parishad became its affiliate in Jammu and Kashmir. Even though Jana Sangh won only 3 seats in the Indian Parliament in the
1058:
1078:
232:, its position changed to supporting the accession of the state to India and, subsequently, full integration of Jammu with India.
1053:
240:
integration" of Jammu and Kashmir with India and to oppose the "communist-dominated anti-Dogra government of Sheikh Abdullah."
275:, the Indian Cabinet minister in charge of Kashmir affairs, came down to broker peace, which was resented by Sheikh Abdullah.
1073:
1030:
967:
923:
903:
840:
815:
759:
249:
287:
149:
389:
imposed a national emergency. After it was lifted, Jana Sangh merged with other opposition parties in India to form the
990:
946:
860:
120:
883:
299:
Member of Parliament N. C. Chatterjee ridiculed the autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir as a "Republic within a Republic."
385:
with the central government. He subsequently revived the National Conference. Between 1975 and 1977, Prime Minister
495:
267:
Calling for "full integration" of the state with the rest of India, the Parishad issued a rallying cry of "
76:
432:
407:
from the former Jana Sangh faction, the party's fortunes in Jammu and Kashmir were again lacklustre until
202:
153:
546:
229:
307:). However, the Assembly was slow to implement the remaining measures agreed in the Delhi Agreement.
368:
381:
In 1975, Sheikh Abdullah was released from prison and allowed to return to power after striking a
779:
729:
582:
468:
291:
272:
404:
357:
330:
205:
was established in Jammu in 1939 with the efforts of Kishen Dev Joshi. Jagdish Abrol and later
174:
767:
749:
717:
606:
485:
483:
828:
416:
170:
1020:
1003:
800:
444:
438:
976:
955:
932:
480:
382:
364:
279:
161:
69:
8:
931:
501:
225:
316:
221:
125:
89:
558:
342:
It also neglected the influential minority of Kashmiri Pandits and Ladakhi Buddhists.
160:, and served as the main opposition party in the state. It maintained close ties with
1026:
986:
963:
942:
919:
899:
879:
856:
836:
811:
755:
283:
115:
1018:
552:
474:
173:. After its merger with the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the precursor of the present day
659:
657:
980:
936:
913:
893:
873:
850:
805:
312:
296:
253:
248:
In early 1949, the Praja Parishad started protesting against the policies of the
198:
868:
785:
773:
735:
723:
612:
588:
681:
654:
570:
210:
145:
94:
891:
519:
450:
1042:
869:
801:
536:
534:
507:
386:
209:, who arrived in 1942, are credited with its expansion. Madhok moved to the
206:
157:
43:
824:
705:
693:
642:
618:
594:
456:
390:
38:
531:
213:
in 1944 and established RSS there. Prem Nath Dogra was also the chairman (
999:
324:
166:
975:
489:
669:
630:
954:
564:
84:
439:
Chandra, Mukherjee & Mukherjee, India since Independence 2008
403:
After the split-up of the Janata Party and the formation of the
367:. In January 1965, the National Conference also merged into the
998:
513:
462:
190:
16:
Former political party in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir
502:
Jaffrelot, Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics 1996
193:
Hindus of Jammu were originally organised under the banner of
911:
848:
711:
699:
687:
663:
648:
624:
600:
576:
540:
525:
751:
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553:
Sahagala, Jammu & Kashmir: A State in Turbulence 2011
475:
Sahagala, Jammu & Kashmir: A State in Turbulence 2011
258:
elections for the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly
224:, the Hindu Sabha threw in its support to whatever the
895:
Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of Identity and Separatism
823:
675:
636:
786:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
774:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
736:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
724:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
613:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
589:
Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003
451:
Chowdhary, Politics of Identity and Separatism 2015
938:The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics
804:; Mukherjee, Aditya; Mukherjee, Mridula (2008) ,
1040:
747:
303:Kashmir, and adopted an elected Head of State (
243:
490:Jaffrelot, Religion, Caste, and Politics 2011
363:In 1963, the Praja Parishad merged into the
411:, when it won 11 seats. In the most recent
1022:Jammu & Kashmir: A State in Turbulence
875:Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace
741:
360:dismissed the complaints as "frivolous."
152:. It was founded in November 1947 by the
1069:Political parties disestablished in 1963
565:Jaffrelot, Hindu Nationalism Reader 2007
336:
195:All Jammu and Kashmir Rajya Hindu Sabha
1049:Political parties in Jammu and Kashmir
1041:
982:Religion, Caste, and Politics in India
754:, Mittal Publications, pp. 108โ,
347:Legislative Assembly elections in 1957
144:) was a political party active in the
1064:Political parties established in 1947
311:The Jana Sangh joined hands with the
514:Puri, The Question of Accession 2010
463:Puri, The Question of Accession 2010
142:All Jammu and Kashmir Praja Parishad
398:1977 Legislative Assembly elections
295:outside the Indian Parliament. The
13:
1059:Defunct political parties in India
14:
1090:
941:, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers,
833:South Asian Politics and Religion
712:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
700:Behera, Demystifying Kashmir 2007
688:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
664:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
649:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
625:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
601:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
577:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
541:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
526:Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012
912:Das Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan (2012),
831:, in Donald Eugene Smith (ed.),
282:was formed in Delhi to champion
269:Ek Vidhan, Ek Nishan, Ek Pradhan
1079:1963 disestablishments in India
849:Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007),
794:
378:, the party again won 3 seats.
1054:Indian Hindu political parties
962:, Princeton University Press,
835:, Princeton University Press,
1:
426:
1074:1947 establishments in India
960:Hindu Nationalism - A Reader
878:, Harvard University Press,
184:
7:
1019:Sahagala, Narendra (2011),
1004:"The Question of Accession"
855:, Pearson Education India,
676:Baxter, The Jana Sangh 2015
637:Baxter, The Jana Sangh 2015
244:Jammu agitation (1949โ1953)
220:In May 1947, following the
203:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
154:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
148:of the Indian-administered
10:
1095:
284:Hindu nationalist politics
892:Chowdhary, Rekha (2015),
748:Kedar Nath Kumar (1990),
421:People's Democratic Party
288:1951โ52 general elections
201:as a leading member. The
179:People's Democratic Party
111:
103:
75:
65:
57:
49:
37:
23:
807:India since Independence
369:Indian National Congress
28:
810:, Penguin Books India,
423:as the Chief Minister.
292:Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
273:N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
217:) of the RSS in Jammu.
405:Bharatiya Janata Party
358:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad
354:elections held in 1962
331:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad
175:Bharatiya Janata Party
1025:, Suruchi Prakashan,
977:Jaffrelot, Christophe
956:Jaffrelot, Christophe
933:Jaffrelot, Christophe
417:Mufti Mohammad Sayeed
985:, C Hurst & Co,
852:Demystifying Kashmir
492:, pp. 288, 301.
365:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
337:Subsequent elections
280:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
162:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
138:Jammu Praja Parishad
107:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
104:National affiliation
70:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
26:Jammu Praja Parishad
690:, pp. 209โ212.
666:, pp. 197โ203.
579:, pp. 195โ196.
567:, pp. 158โ159.
528:, pp. 194โ195.
504:, pp. 149โ150.
250:National Conference
171:Indian constitution
555:, p. 119โ120.
317:Ram Rajya Parishad
278:By this time, the
252:government led by
90:Indian nationalism
1032:978-81-89622-83-1
1002:(November 2010),
969:978-0-691-13097-2
925:978-94-011-9231-6
915:Jammu and Kashmir
905:978-1-317-41405-6
842:978-1-4008-7908-3
817:978-0-14-310409-4
788:, pp. 89โ90.
761:978-81-7099-205-9
738:, pp. 77โ78.
678:, pp. 86โ87.
591:, pp. 55โ57.
413:elections in 2014
150:Jammu and Kashmir
134:
133:
121:Political parties
116:Politics of India
1086:
1035:
1015:
995:
972:
951:
928:
908:
888:
865:
845:
829:"The Jana Sangh"
820:
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66:Merged into
31:
21:
20:
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508:
500:
496:
488:
481:
473:
469:
461:
457:
449:
445:
437:
433:
429:
339:
313:Hindu Mahasabha
297:Hindu Mahasabha
254:Sheikh Abdullah
246:
199:Prem Nath Dogra
187:
130:
99:
33:
32:
29:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1016:
996:
992:978-1849041386
991:
973:
968:
952:
948:978-1850653011
947:
929:
924:
909:
904:
889:
884:
870:Bose, Sumantra
866:
862:978-8131708460
861:
846:
841:
821:
816:
802:Chandra, Bipan
796:
793:
791:
790:
778:
766:
760:
740:
728:
716:
714:, p. 229.
704:
702:, p. 111.
692:
680:
668:
653:
651:, p. 197.
641:
629:
627:, p. 196.
617:
605:
603:, p. 186.
593:
581:
569:
557:
545:
543:, p. 195.
530:
518:
516:, p. 4-5.
506:
494:
479:
467:
455:
453:, p. 229.
443:
441:, p. 418.
430:
428:
425:
376:1972 elections
338:
335:
322:Sadr-i Riyasat
305:Sadr-i Riyasat
245:
242:
237:Praja Parishad
222:partition plan
211:Kashmir Valley
186:
183:
146:Jammu Division
132:
131:
129:
128:
123:
118:
112:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
98:
97:
95:Anti-communism
92:
87:
81:
79:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
41:
35:
34:
25:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1080:
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1024:
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1005:
1001:
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988:
984:
983:
978:
974:
971:
965:
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950:
944:
940:
939:
934:
930:
927:
921:
917:
916:
910:
907:
901:
898:, Routledge,
897:
896:
890:
887:
885:0-674-01173-2
881:
877:
876:
871:
867:
864:
858:
854:
853:
847:
844:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:Baxter, Craig
822:
819:
813:
809:
808:
803:
799:
798:
787:
782:
776:, p. 82.
775:
770:
763:
757:
753:
752:
744:
737:
732:
726:, p. 75.
725:
720:
713:
708:
701:
696:
689:
684:
677:
672:
665:
660:
658:
650:
645:
639:, p. 87.
638:
633:
626:
621:
615:, p. 57.
614:
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578:
573:
566:
561:
554:
549:
542:
537:
535:
527:
522:
515:
510:
503:
498:
491:
486:
484:
477:, p. 57.
476:
471:
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459:
452:
447:
440:
435:
431:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
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394:
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388:
387:Indira Gandhi
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207:Balraj Madhok
204:
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196:
192:
182:
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172:
168:
163:
159:
158:Balraj Madhok
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:(officially:
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68:
64:
60:
56:
53:November 1947
52:
48:
45:
44:Balraj Madhok
42:
40:
36:
22:
19:
1021:
1011:
1007:
1000:Puri, Balraj
981:
959:
937:
918:, Springer,
914:
894:
874:
851:
832:
806:
795:Bibliography
781:
769:
750:
743:
731:
719:
707:
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683:
671:
644:
632:
620:
608:
596:
584:
572:
560:
548:
521:
509:
497:
470:
465:, p. 4.
458:
446:
434:
402:
395:
391:Janata Party
380:
373:
362:
351:
344:
340:
329:
321:
309:
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268:
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247:
236:
234:
219:
214:
194:
188:
141:
137:
135:
18:
325:Karan Singh
230:tribal raid
215:sanghchalak
167:Article 370
30:เคชเฅเคฐเคเคพ เคชเคฐเคฟเคทเคฆ
1043:Categories
427:References
1014:(11): 4โ6
260:in 1951.
185:Inception
156:activist
126:Elections
58:Dissolved
1008:Epilogue
979:(2011),
958:(2007),
935:(1996),
872:(2003),
827:(2015),
226:Maharaja
85:Hindutva
77:Ideology
419:of the
396:In the
374:In the
352:In the
345:In the
197:, with
169:of the
50:Founded
1029:
989:
966:
945:
922:
902:
882:
859:
839:
814:
758:
39:Leader
191:Dogra
1027:ISBN
987:ISBN
964:ISBN
943:ISBN
920:ISBN
900:ISBN
880:ISBN
857:ISBN
837:ISBN
812:ISBN
756:ISBN
409:2008
383:deal
315:and
235:The
189:The
136:The
61:1963
1045::
1010:,
1006:,
656:^
533:^
482:^
393:.
327:.
290:,
181:.
1012:4
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