Janata Party - Knowledge

761:, which deprived citizens of direct access to the Supreme Court, except when violation of the fundamental rights resulted from Union law. The Parliament was given unrestrained power to amend any parts of the Constitution. The Supreme Court was given exclusive jurisdiction as regards determination of the constitutional validity of laws passed by the Union government. It restricted the power of the courts to issue stay orders or injunctions. Almost all parts of the Constitution saw changes through this amendment. The clampdown on civil liberties and allegations of widespread abuse of human rights by police had angered the public. Indira Gandhi was believed, by the public at large to be under the influence of a clique of politicians led by her youngest son, 496: 2129: 2270: 1861: 1814: 1767: 2223: 40: 2426: 295: 1421:. Home Minister Charan Singh argued that the ruling party had been resoundingly rejected by voters and would need to win a new mandate from the people of the states. The Congress (R) was defeated in all the states, and the Janata party took power in seven – Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh. In Punjab, the Janata party formed a coalition government with the Akali Dal. In Bihar, 396:. She was barred from contesting any election for the next six years. Economic problems, corruption and the conviction of Gandhi led to widespread protests against the Congress (R) government, which responded by imposing a State of Emergency. The rationale was that of preserving national security. However, the government introduced press censorship, postponed elections and banned strikes and rallies. Opposition leaders such as 1908: 5375: 3026: 3015: 2983: 2972: 2940: 2929: 2897: 2886: 2854: 2843: 2811: 2800: 2768: 2757: 2725: 2714: 1720: 1673: 823:(BJS) joined, dissolving their separate identities (the merger of all party organisations was to be completed after the election). Although the political ideologies of Janata constituents were diverse and conflicting, the party was able to unite under the over-reaching appeal of Jayaprakash Narayan, who had been seen as the ideological leader of the anti-Emergency movement and now the Janata party. 92: 2081: 1626: 3117:. At the polls, the candidates running under the Janata ticket were resoundingly defeated – the party lost 172 seats, winning only 31. Indira Gandhi and the Congress (I) returned to power with a strong majority. Sanjay Gandhi was also elected to the Parliament. President Reddy was succeeded at the end of his term in 1982 by Congress (I) leader 1002:

Emergency, Indira and the Congress (R) defended the rationale of imposing the state of emergency as being essential for national security. On the other hand, Janata leaders assailed Indira for ruling as a dictator and endangering human rights and democracy in India. Janata's campaign evoked memories of India's freedom struggle against

1385:. The Minister of Railways reinstated the railway employees disciplined after the May 1974 strike. The Desai government proceeded to establish inquiry commissions and tribunals to investigate allegations of corruption and Indira Gandhi's government, political party and the police forces. Specific inquiries were instituted on 2176: 3204:

Under V. P. Singh, the Janata Dal and the National Front sought to replicate the Janata-style alliance of anti-Congress political parties. Although it failed to win a majority, it managed to form a fragile coalition government with V.P. Singh as the prime minister with the outside support of the BJP

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During the election campaign, the leaders of the Congress (R) and the Janata party traveled across the country to rally supporters. Indira and her Congress (R) promoted the record of achieving economic development and orderly government. Although she offered apologies for abuses committed during the

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During the Emergency, Indira Gandhi implemented a 20-point program of economic reforms that resulted in greater economic growth, aided by the absence of strikes and trade union conflicts. Encouraged by these positive signs and distorted and biased information from her party supporters, Indira called

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Although its tenure in office was tumultuous and unsuccessful, the Janata party played a definitive role in Indian politics and history and its legacy remains strong in contemporary India. The Janata party led a popular movement to restore civil liberties, evoking the memories and principles of the

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In the run-up to the 1980 elections, the remaining Janata party leaders tried unsuccessfully to rebuild the party and make fresh alliances. Desai campaigned for the party but did not himself stand for election, preferring retirement from politics. The Congress (I) capitalized on the aversion of the

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withdrew themselves from the Janata party. Former allies such as the DMK, Shiromani Akali Dal and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) had distanced themselves from the Janata party. Desperately seeking enough support for a majority, Charan Singh even sought to negotiate with Congress (I), which

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The Janata government had lesser success in achieving economic reforms. It launched the Sixth Five-Year Plan, aiming to boost agricultural production and rural industries. Seeking to promote economic self-reliance and indigenous industries, the government required multi-national corporations to go

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were laid, and administered a pledge to continue Gandhi's work and preserve honesty in serving the nation. Immediately afterwards, the Janata party faced a serious challenge in choosing a leader to become India's new prime minister, where the rival bids of party leaders could divide the party and

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The 1977 election drew a turnout of 60% from an electorate of more than 320 million. On 23 March, it was announced that the Janata party had won a sweeping victory, securing 43.2% of the popular vote and 271 seats. With the support of the Akali Dal and the Congress for Democracy, it had amassed a

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Despite a strong start, the Janata government began to wither as significant ideological and political divisions emerged. The party consisted of veteran socialists, trade unionists and pro-business leaders, making major economic reforms difficult to achieve without triggering a public divide.

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as the Prime Minister of a minority government on the strength of 64 MPs, calling upon him to form a new government and prove his majority. The departure of Desai and the BJS had considerably diminished Janata's majority, and numerous Janata MPs refused to support Charan Singh. MPs loyal to

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The first actions taken by the Desai government were to formally end the state of emergency and media censorship and repeal the controversial executive decrees issued during the Emergency. The Constitution was amended to make it more difficult for any future government to declare a state of

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The decline in the popularity of the Janata government was aided by the stalled prosecution of Emergency-era abuses. The government had failed to prove most of the allegations and obtained few convictions. Cases against Indira Gandhi had also stalled for lack of evidence, and her continued

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The new Janata-led government reversed many Emergency-era decrees and opened official investigations into Emergency-era abuses. Although several major foreign policy and economic reforms were attempted, continuous in-fighting and ideological differences made the Janata government unable to

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became the third U.S. president to make an official visit to India. Both nations sought to improve trade and expand cooperation in science and technology. Vajpayee represented India at the U.N. conference on nuclear disarmament, defending India's nuclear programme and its refusal to sign

697:, dismissing the governments controlled by opposition political parties. The central government also imposed censorship on radio, television and newspapers. Across the country, police forces arrested thousands of opposition political activists, as well as leaders such as 647:, the Allahabad High Court found Indira guilty and barred her from holding public office for six years. Opposition politicians immediately demanded her resignation and stepped up mass protests against the government. On 25 June, Narayan and Desai held a massive rally in 1251:

Taking office as prime minister, Desai also took charge of the Ministry of Finance. He sought to carefully distribute important posts to satisfy Janata's different constituents and the most powerful party leaders who were rivals for his own position of leadership. Both

685:'s recommendation to declare a state of national emergency. Indira argued that the political and civil disorder constituted a threat to national security. A state of emergency enabled the central government to issue executive decrees without requiring the consent of 892:

would contest the election with the same manifesto as the Janata party and would join the Janata party in Parliament, but would otherwise retain a separate identity (the CFD would merge with the Janata party after the elections on 5 May). On 30 January 1977 the

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began significant changes in India's foreign policy, moving away from the course adopted by Indira's government. Both Pakistan and China had celebrated the ouster of Indira Gandhi, who had preserved a hardline stance against India's rival neighbors. In 1979,

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two-thirds, or absolute majority of 345 seats. Although the Congress for Democracy won 28 seats, Ram's standing as a national Dalit leader and moving a significant share of the Dalit vote to the Janata party and its allies won him considerable influence.

689:. Elections were postponed and public gatherings, rallies and strikes were banned. Curfews were imposed and police forces were empowered to make warrantless searches, seizures and arrests. Indira's government imposed "President's rule" in the states of 3113:

Indian public to another fragile and dysfunctional government by campaigning on the slogan "Elect A Government That Works!" Indira Gandhi apologized for mistakes made during the Emergency and won the endorsement of respected national leaders such as

3706: 778:, the national capital, which left thousands of people, mostly Muslims, homeless. Indian laborers, urban workers, teachers and government employees were also disenchanted by wage freezes and the curtailing of trade union activities and rights. 4562:"Political News : जनता पार्टी ने ठुकराया संयुक्त विपक्ष का प्रस्ताव, नए चेहरों को मौका देकर करेगी मिशन 2024 की तैयारी | Janta party President navneet chaturvedi distanced himself from all-party meeting, rejected proposal joint opposition" 3610:"Political News : जनता पार्टी ने ठुकराया संयुक्त विपक्ष का प्रस्ताव, नए चेहरों को मौका देकर करेगी मिशन 2024 की तैयारी | Janta party President navneet chaturvedi distanced himself from all-party meeting, rejected proposal joint opposition" 4934: 786:

Calling elections on 18 January 1977 the government released political prisoners and weakened restrictions and censorship on the press, although the state of emergency was not officially ended. When opposition leaders sought the support of

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had masterminded the Union government's unpopular campaign of family planning, which had allegedly involved forcible sterilization of young men by government officials. Sanjay Gandhi had also instigated the demolition of slums in the

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had declined considerably due to worsening economic conditions as well as the emergence of allegations of nepotism and corruption involving members of his family. Desai's confrontational attitude eroded his support. His main rival

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refused. After only three weeks in office, Charan Singh resigned. With no other political party in position to establish a majority government, President Reddy dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections for January 1980.

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and the Communist Party of India (Marxist). However, Singh's government soon fell victim to intra-party rivalries and power struggles, and his successor Chandra Sekhar's Janata Dal (Socialist) government lasted barely into 1991.

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had first emerged as political leaders. Although Narayan and Kripalani did not seek office themselves, they became the leading campaigners for the Janata party, drawing great masses of people in rallies across the country.

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Indian independence movement. Its success in ending 30 years of uninterrupted Congress rule helped strengthen India's multi-party democracy. The term "Janata" has been used by several major political parties such as the

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became the highest-ranking Indian official to visit Beijing, meeting China's leaders. The Desai government re-established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, which had been severed due to the

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enjoyed the support of a significant number of Janata MPs and the activists brought from their own political parties into the Janata organisation. To avoid a potentially divisive contest, Janata leaders asked

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India also sought to improve relations with the United States, which had been strained due to the latter's support for Pakistan during the 1971 war and India's subsequent proximity with the

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Immediately upon taking office, the Janata government pressured the ten state governments where the Congress was in power to dissolve the state assemblies and hold fresh elections in June.

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were imprisoned, along with thousands of other political activists. When the State of Emergency was lifted and new elections called in 1977, opposition political parties such as the

4185: 1433:. The number of Janata members of the legislative assemblies (MLAs) of all the states increased from 386 to 1,246 seats. The government also called fresh elections in the state of 5186: 4128:...Jaya Prakash Narayan then gave a call for total revolution, and as such all opposition political parties responded to the call of JP and fought elections under his leadership. 4957: 3552: 7550: 3202:

Since the original Janata Party disappeared when it merged into the Janata Dal, these two(the 1977 one and present one) are considered as distinct from one another by many.

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made it hard for him to remain politically active and act as a unifying influence, and his death in 1979 deprived the party of its most popular leader. Dissidents projected

7555: 5216: 1467:, the founding leader of Bangladesh, who had been assassinated in 1975 by military officers and replaced by a military regime that sought to distance itself from India. 572:, but failed to have an impact; Indira's Congress (R) won a large majority in the 1971 elections and her popularity increased significantly after India's victory in the 2484:. Both Vajpayee and Advani as well as other members of the former BJS opted to remain members of the RSS and consequently resigned from their posts and from the party. 579:

However Indira's subsequent inability to address serious issues such as unemployment, poverty, inflation and shortages eroded her popularity. The frequent invoking of "

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for the forthcoming election, Narayan insisted that all opposition parties form a united front. The Janata Party was officially launched on 23 January 1977 when the

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into partnership with Indian corporations. The policy proved controversial, diminishing foreign investment and led to the high-profile exit of corporations such as

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supported the state of emergency. Due to the advancing age and failing health, Narayan was released from prison, but remained prohibited from political activity.

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Although committing to contest the election with the Janata party, Ram resisted merging his party organisation with Janata. It was ultimately decided that the

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In this vacuum, the BJP's path to power followed that of three other centrist parties, similar to Congress, which led coalitions on three separate occasions.

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party, which won the general election called in 1980. After Jaiprakash Bandhu now Navneet Chaturvedi is the president of Janata Party since November 2021.

3921: 3672: 3296:, Delhi and at the national stage. Janata party continued its lead as opposition in AP until the formation of TDP party, due to prominent leaders such as 1112:

by a margin of 55,200 votes. The Congress (R) did not win any seats in Uttar Pradesh and was wiped out in 10 states and territories by Janata candidates.

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announced his resignation from Janata Party parliamentary board. Janata Party parliamentary board which met on 22 June 1978 issued show-cause notices to

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a choice between freedom and slavery; between democracy and dictatorship; between abdicating the power of the people and asserting it; between the

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won a total of 153 seats, mainly from India's south. However, Janata candidates resoundingly defeated Congress (R) candidates in the northern "

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withdrew support. Popular disenchantment with the political in-fighting and ineffective government led to the resurgence of Gandhi and her new

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But some leaders of Janata Party refused to accept its merger into Janata Dal and continued in Janata Party. These included Indubhai Patel,

1104:. One of the most shocking outcomes of the election was the defeat of Indira Gandhi in her bid to seek re-election from her constituency of 6297: 6197: 4483: 2412: 2388: 1753: 5296: 3127:

Between 1980 and 1989, the Janata party maintained a small presence in the Indian Parliament under the leadership of socialist politician

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became the most popular political party in independent India and won every election following national independence in 1947. However, the

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went on to serve as Prime Ministers; Vajpayee led the first non-Congress government to complete a full five-year term from 1999 to 2004.

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MPs and activists condemned Indira's leadership and left the party. As a result, MPs still loyal to Indira Gandhi renamed their party to

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elections for May 1977. However, the emergency era had been widely unpopular. The most controversial issue was the 42nd amendment to the

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hesitated to support Desai and criticized the undemocratic method of selection, Desai's position was soon confirmed and consolidated.

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had developed an acrimonious relationship with Desai. Protesting Desai's leadership, Singh resigned and withdrew the support of his

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In contrast to the rest of the country, the Janata party won only six seats from India's southern states – none from the state of

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to select the party's leader, pledging to abide by their choice. After a period of deliberation, Narayan and Kripalani selected

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announced that it would seek to avoid a splintering in the opposition vote by not running candidates against the Janata party.

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and the way that has led many nations down the precipice of dictatorship, instability, military adventure and national ruin.

765:, who had become notorious for using his influence in the government and the Congress party for alleged corrupt activities. 384:, a socialist leader, had filed a legal writ alleging electoral malpractice against Indira Gandhi in 1971. On 12 June 1975, 6533: 6397: 5697: 5661: 4864: 2323: 2280: 2091: 1281: 643: 3501: 6079: 5682: 5356: 3553:"चुनाव स्थगित करने हेतु जनता पार्टी राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष नवनीत चतुर्वेदी द्वारा सुप्रीम कोर्ट में जनहित याचिका - अग्नि आलोक" 3178:. On 4 January 1989, Indubhai Patel was declared as acting president of Janata Party. Janata Dal filed an application to 2186: 1317: 461: 393: 158: 7479: 7313: 6467: 6412: 6127: 5788: 5778: 5749: 5579: 3132: 2634: 1960: 1683: 1636: 1309: 894: 746: 310: 3437: 6457: 6427: 6084: 5834: 5726: 5310: 4166: 4114: 4087: 4055: 3471: 3414: 2139: 2044: 1871: 1329: 871: 5091: 4592:"राजनीतिक रण में एतिहासिक जनता पार्टी एक बार फिर से नए युवा चेहरे व ब्राह्मण नेतृत्व के साथ उतरने को तैयार - mobile" 641:, alleging electoral malpractices and the use of government resources for her election campaign. On 12 June 1975 in 6708: 6472: 6432: 6422: 5874: 4353:

An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 - Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India)

375: 6526: 6347: 6262: 5954: 3580:"विधानसभा चुनाव राजस्थान और मध्यप्रदेश जहां जनता पार्टी गेम चेंजर की भूमिका मे खड़ी हो चुकी है - नवनीत चतुर्वेदी" 2488:

prosecution began to evoke sympathy for her from the Indian public and anger of her supporters, who saw it as a "

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The Janata manifesto was released on 10 February, which declared that the coming election presented voters with:

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became the Minister of Home Affairs, the second-most important position in the Council of Ministers, while

1119: 996: 549: 525: 389: 367: 277: 223: 148: 552:– where "R" stood for "Requisition." Congress politicians who opposed Indira identified themselves as the 7484: 6352: 6202: 5939: 5655: 5624: 4801: 4771: 4741: 4711: 4681: 4651: 4621: 4445: 2540: 2481: 2465: 1078: 742: 7269: 6137: 6109: 6024: 5984: 5959: 5899: 5859: 5302: 5003: 4022: 3835: 3770: 1293: 573: 5270:"ECI continues to nudge Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs) for ensuring due regulatory" 7540: 7156: 6367: 6277: 6242: 6212: 6172: 6029: 6019: 5879: 5584: 3643:"UP News: 5 जून से जनता पार्टी यूपी में शुरू करेगी सदस्यता अभियान, देशभर में पार्टी लोगों को जोड़ेगी" 3182:

to seek the transfer of Janata Party symbol to its own. But the Election Commission froze the symbol

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coalition. Singh had become widely popular for exposing the role of the government of prime minister

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won the closely contested Janata legislature party leadership from the then Bihar Janata Party chief

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Socialists and secular Janata politicians shared an aversion to the Hindu nationalist agenda of the

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to become the chairman of the Janata Parliamentary Party on 24 May. Although some leaders such as

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India Votes Alliance Politics And Minority Governments In The Ninth And Tenth General Elections

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As it became clear that Indira's Emergency rule had been widely unpopular, defections from the

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Political Trends Revival of Two Party System in India : Ruling Vs. Combined Opposition

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and of the Janata party went on to comprise a new generation of Indian political leaders.

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emergency; fundamental freedoms and the independence of India's judiciary was reaffirmed.

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The new government also proceeded to withdraw all charges against the 25 accused in the

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condemned Indira's government as dictatorial and corrupt. Narayan and Desai founded the

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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had formed a coalition called the "Grand Alliance" to oppose Indira Gandhi and the

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as its Prime Ministerial candidate, but the party won only 31 seats out of 542.

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The Indian Annual Register A Digest Of Public Affairs Of India ..., Volumes 1-2

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significantly diminished support for the Congress (R) amongst India's Dalits.

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and trade unions aligned with Janata helped rally considerable voting blocs.

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and others. Opposition political organisations such as the Hindu nationalist

718: 682: 612: 600: 596: 545: 537: 472: 437: 371: 359: 2468:, whose members included Vajpayee, Advani and other leaders from the former 1335:

The results of its election defeat considerably weakened and diminished the

7407: 7371: 7344: 7334: 7214: 6903: 6863: 6788: 6778: 6773: 6758: 6741: 6668: 6571: 6417: 6357: 5493: 5458: 5413: 3297: 3262: 3148: 3114: 3064: 2616: 2604: 2599: 2588: 2568: 2536: 2524: 2508: 2431: 2134: 1678: 1483: 1471: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1321: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1245: 1224: 1220: 1105: 1093: 1039: 1031: 1023: 976: 968: 950: 878: 855: 796: 730: 634: 616: 608: 592: 569: 557: 513: 484: 476: 441: 421: 413: 3139:, which had emerged as the chief opposition party under the leadership of 2175: 556:– where "O" stood for "Organisation" or "Old." For the 1971 election, the 7449: 7366: 7279: 7234: 7204: 7171: 7116: 7066: 7036: 6998: 6878: 6688: 6673: 6648: 6631: 6518: 3289: 3140: 3102: 1003: 4322:"Chaudhary Charan Singh: Stalwart farmer leader who was PM for 170 days" 3326:

Shourie, Arun (1980). Institutions in the Janata phase. Bombay: Popular.

3194:

as their election symbol. Janata Party continue to retain its status as

1026:

amongst its most loyal constituencies. The bulldozing of slums near the

1022:

Actions taken during Emergency significantly diminished support for the

831:

became the party general secretary, and Bharatiya Jana Sangh politician

479:

became Prime Minister of India. He remained in office for 23 days until

7292: 7091: 6898: 6382: 5804: 5702: 5553: 5533: 5483: 5238:

Gupta, Shekhar; Pachauri, Pankaj; Baweja, Harinder (15 November 1989).

3293: 3281: 3250: 3136: 3118: 2512: 2496: 2489: 1410: 1289: 1109: 1097: 1059: 812: 698: 690: 652: 626: 425: 381: 203: 194: 5298:

Why Regional Parties? Clientelism, Elites, and the Indian Party System

4377:"HT This Day: Jan 24, 1979 - Charan Singh, J. Ram become Dy PMs today" 456:

joined to form the Janata party, which won a sweeping majority in the

354:. It was founded as an amalgam of Indian political parties opposed to 294: 91: 6625: 6332: 6049: 5403: 2441: 2370: 1735: 1497: 1394: 1354: 1122:

of India, using alliances under Morarji Government from 1977 to 1979

1116: 775: 3280:, which maintained a small presence in the politics of the state of 7530: 7151: 6808: 5523: 5463: 2520: 2516: 1631: 1479: 1207: 1030:

was widely unpopular amongst India's Muslims, and the defection of

972: 843: 228: 1907: 1474:. The Janata government announced its desire to achieve "genuine" 1449:

Prime Minister Morarji Desai and the Minister of External Affairs

2238: 2007: 1965: 1641: 1594: 1073:

rallied India's middle-class merchants, traders and conservative

714: 694: 620: 3637: 3635: 3159:

quashed the charges of bribery against Rajiv Gandhi and others.

2080: 1215:

weaken its majority before it took power. Janata party chairman

2580: 1923: 1719: 1672: 1414: 1089: 1074: 3135:

was made its president. After some months, it merged into the

2480:

choose between staying in government and being members of the

5374: 3673:"ब्राह्मण समाज के समर्थन में आई जनता पार्टी: नवनीत चतुर्वेदी" 3632: 3257:

served as deputy prime minister. Younger politicians such as

2285: 2191: 2096: 1829: 1482:, which had been the long-standing national policy. In 1978, 1051: 859: 648: 388:

found her guilty of using corrupt electoral practices in her

351: 3198:

with Election Commission of India and retains its symbol of

4958:"Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy" 3273:

and others were grass-roots activists in the Janata party.

1625: 1092:– where the Emergency had not caused political unrest. The 4186:"Morarji, Charan Singh waited for each other to die: Book" 2531:

because of growing differences between them over trial of

870:

on 2 February 1977. Other co-founders included the former

4409:

India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics

4282:

India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics

1501: 548:

claimed to be the real Congress party, adopting the name

358:

that was imposed between 1975 and 1977 by Prime Minister

3131:. In 1988, Lok Dal (A) was merged into Janata Party and 862:

communities. A former Minister of Defence, Ram left the

1441:

returned to power after having been dismissed in 1953.

854:

government increased. The most significant was that of

536:

bifurcated in 1969 over the issue of the leadership of

5870:

Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation

4102: 3497:

Emergency: Top Oppositional political leaders arrested

2523:, Jabbar Singh and Sibhan Lal Saxena. On 1 July 1978, 1332:

to become the 6th President of India on 25 July 1977.

3494:

Official Excerpts from Speech of Veteran Journalist.

885:

D. N. Tiwari and Bihar politician Raj Mangal Pandey.

5123:"State chiefs' selection deepens rift in Janata Dal" 468:

effectively address national problems. By mid-1979,

370:, the party defeated the Congress and Janata leader 6403:

Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)

5237: 5179:"Convention will elect new Janata Leader: Indubhai" 1393:, the activities of the former Minister of Defence 3758:Janata Dal leader of Singhbhum, Thakurji Pathak... 3521: 3519: 3459: 1260:were accorded the title of deputy prime minister. 5029:"Ajit Singh catapulted as Janata Party president" 4507:"Ajit Singh catapulted as Janata Party president" 4156: 4077: 4045: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3151:, the eldest son and successor of Indira, in the 749:were banned and their leaders arrested. Only the 7568: 6483:Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance 5990:Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar 4476:"Shri Chandra Shekhar | Prime Minister of India" 374:became the first non-Congress prime minister in 5121:Pachai, Pankaj; Awasti, Dilip (15 March 1989). 3976: 3942: 3867: 3516: 1381:, which included the new Minister of Industry, 1358:Indian prime minister Morarji Desai (1977–1979) 1351:, which remained the largest opposition party. 540:, the daughter of India's first prime minister 5748: 4253: 3892: 3343: 2539:returned into cabinet and held portfolios of 858:, who commanded great support amongst India's 6534: 5734: 5357: 5294: 4997: 4955: 4893: 4504: 4256:India: From Midnight To Millennium and Beyond 4016: 2591:as the new prime minister in place of Desai. 877:, former Union Minister of State for Finance 6298:Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement 6198:Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra) 5176: 5120: 4924: 3909: 3438:"List of Political Parties and Free Symbols" 1066:became important allies. The leaders of the 607:), the predecessor of what would become the 272:Janata se Janata ke liye जनता से जनता के लिए 6438:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) 6153:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) 5915:Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party 5276:. Election Commission of India. 8 July 2022 4214: 3276:The Janata Party continued to exist led by 2653: 1058:and regional political parties such as the 335: 6548: 6541: 6527: 5741: 5727: 5364: 5350: 4161:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 176–191. 3584:दैनिक भास्कर हिन्दी (Dainik Bhaskar Hindi) 1507: 1404: 90: 4832:"General Election, 1999 (Vol I, II, III)" 4082:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100. 4050:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 98–126. 3237:Participants in the struggle against the 2458: 866:and along with his supporters formed the 7602:Political parties disestablished in 2013 6408:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist) 5995:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party 5810:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 5177:News Service, Express (6 January 1989). 5000:The Politics of India Since Independence 4019:The Politics of India Since Independence 3763: 1353: 1286:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 1268:took charge of the Ministry of Defence. 1046:, the most populous state of India. The 827:became first president of Janata Party. 494: 350:) is an unrecognized political party in 5595:Indian National Congress (Organisation) 5337:The Rise and Decline of Janata Politics 4865:"Gowda and irony of coalition building" 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3980:Indira: The Life Of Indira Nehru Gandhi 3972: 3970: 3946:Indira: The Life Of Indira Nehru Gandhi 3871:Indira: The Life Of Indira Nehru Gandhi 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3577: 3300:, Babul Reddy and T. Gajula Narasaiah. 3190:and as a result, Janata Dal had to use 1187: 1125:Sources: Keesing's – World News Archive 475:was forced to resign and his successor 283:Registered Unrecognised Political Party 14: 7569: 6343:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 6055:Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) 5820:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 5026: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4662:from the original on 21 September 2021 4456:from the original on 21 September 2021 4405: 4278: 4258:. Arcade Publishing. pp. 164–66. 3983:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 3949:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 3874:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 3863: 3861: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3734:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 228. 3703:"Janata party leader Thakur ji Pathak" 3504:from the original on 23 September 2015 3373:"Why the Far Right Rules Modi's India" 3351:. Arcade Publishing. pp. 164–66. 1280:were respectively given charge of the 1108:, which she lost to her 1971 opponent 900: 508:(January 1982–20 January 1985) Before 7582:Political parties established in 1977 6522: 6293:Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party 6258:Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference 6100:Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party 5910:Jammu and Kashmir National Conference 5722: 5345: 5151: 5102:from the original on 11 February 2023 5086: 5084: 4859: 4857: 4812:from the original on 30 December 2021 4350: 4332:from the original on 16 February 2023 4316: 4314: 4180: 4178: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 3727: 3399: 2583:(then Bombay). The failing health of 1413:witnessed the massive victory of the 6398:Republican Party of India (Athawale) 6303:Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai) 5905:Indigenous People's Front of Tripura 5890:Hill State People's Democratic Party 5698:Maintenance of Internal Security Act 5662:State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 5069:from the original on 6 February 2004 5039:from the original on 29 January 2022 4875:from the original on 9 December 2021 4802:"General Election, 1998 (Vol I, II)" 4772:"General Election, 1996 (Vol I, II)" 4752:from the original on 18 January 2022 4742:"General Election, 1991 (Vol I, II)" 4712:"General Election, 1989 (Vol I, II)" 4682:"General Election, 1984 (Vol I, II)" 4652:"General Election, 1980 (Vol I, II)" 4632:from the original on 23 October 2021 4622:"General Election, 1977 (Vol I, II)" 4572:from the original on 17 January 2024 4517:from the original on 29 January 2022 4446:"General Election, 1980 (Vol I, II)" 4235:from the original on 23 January 2024 4218:Bihar chief ministership battle 1977 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4001: 3967: 3936: 3924:from the original on 3 November 2012 3620:from the original on 17 January 2024 3590:from the original on 25 January 2024 3559:from the original on 25 January 2024 3533:from the original on 25 January 2024 3076: 1206:led the newly elected Janata MPs to 644:State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 619:(State Legislature) of the state of 33: 5683:Turkman gate demolition and rioting 5209:"Janata Dal application for symbol" 5059:"Rajiv Gandhi cleared over bribery" 4980: 4968:from the original on 17 August 2021 4956:Raj Chengappa (15 September 1988). 4906:from the original on 22 August 2021 4247: 3858: 3793: 3709:from the original on 9 January 2023 3578:Malviya, Pavan (12 November 2023). 2622: 659:to force the government to resign. 24: 7480:Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad 6468:Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam 6413:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) 6128:Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi 5779:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 5620:People's Union for Civil Liberties 5580:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 5295:Adam Ziegfeld (19 February 2016). 5250:from the original on 14 March 2022 5219:from the original on 14 March 2022 5189:from the original on 14 March 2022 5133:from the original on 13 March 2022 5081: 4854: 4602:from the original on 28 March 2024 4426:from the original on 28 March 2024 4387:from the original on 10 March 2023 4311: 4299:from the original on 28 March 2024 4192:. 11 November 2008. Archived from 4175: 4133: 3846:from the original on 2 August 2017 3781:from the original on 28 March 2024 3748:from the original on 28 March 2024 3683:from the original on 28 March 2024 3349:India: From Midnight To Millennium 3320: 2658: 1490: 895:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 747:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 376:independent modern India's history 25: 7618: 6458:Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) 5835:All India United Democratic Front 5330: 5156:. Bloomsbury India. p. 241. 4937:from the original on 16 July 2021 4925:Anita Pratap (31 December 1987). 4486:from the original on 17 June 2019 4103:Janak Raj Jai; Rajiv Jai (1999). 4064: 4039: 3653:from the original on 12 June 2023 3466:. VIJ Books (India) PVT Limited. 3155:, though on 5 February 2004, the 2649:Navneet Chaturvedi (2021–Present) 1444: 1389:'s management of the state-owned 990: 490: 6473:Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi 6433:Social Democratic Party of India 6423:Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic) 5875:Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam 5373: 4842:from the original on 15 May 2019 4782:from the original on 15 May 2019 4722:from the original on 15 May 2019 4692:from the original on 15 May 2019 4215:Mirchandani, G. G. (June 2003). 3143:and the main constituent of the 3087: 3025: 3024: 3014: 3013: 2982: 2981: 2971: 2970: 2939: 2938: 2928: 2927: 2896: 2895: 2885: 2884: 2853: 2852: 2842: 2841: 2810: 2809: 2799: 2798: 2767: 2766: 2756: 2755: 2724: 2723: 2713: 2712: 2424: 2268: 2221: 2174: 2127: 2079: 1906: 1859: 1812: 1765: 1718: 1671: 1624: 293: 38: 7597:2013 disestablishments in India 7551:Party leaders in the Parliament 6348:Marxist Co-ordination Committee 6263:Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party 5955:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) 5940:Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J) 5288: 5262: 5231: 5201: 5170: 5145: 5114: 5051: 5027:Chawla, Prabhu (15 June 1988). 5020: 4949: 4918: 4887: 4824: 4794: 4764: 4734: 4704: 4674: 4644: 4614: 4584: 4554: 4529: 4498: 4468: 4438: 4399: 4369: 4344: 4272: 4208: 4096: 3721: 3695: 3665: 3602: 2646:Jai Prakash Bandhu (2013- 2021) 835:became the party spokesperson. 6443:Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party 6428:Sikkim National People's Party 6268:Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik) 6133:All India Rajakulathor Peravai 6095:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi 6085:United People's Party, Liberal 5965:Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party 4894:Raj Chengappa (18 July 2013). 4505:Prabhu Chawla (15 June 1988). 4412:. Pearson India. p. 227. 4285:. Pearson India. p. 220. 3910:Kuldip Singh (11 April 1995). 3571: 3545: 3487: 3453: 3430: 3393: 3365: 3337: 3037: 1362: 655:" – a campaign of non-violent 637:in 1971, lodged a case at the 452:as well as defectors from the 13: 1: 6488:United Goans Democratic Party 6318:Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi 6163:Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) 6143:Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam 6035:Revolutionary Socialist Party 6015:Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party 5708:Indian general election, 1977 5215:. 5 January 1989. p. 7. 3330: 3196:unrecognised registered party 3092: 3047: 2527:resigned from the cabinet of 1324:veteran and Janata candidate 7592:1977 establishments in India 7440:Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha 7435:National Executive Committee 6253:Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party 5830:All India Trinamool Congress 5600:Indian National Congress (R) 5154:Relentless: An Autobiography 4836:Election Commission of India 4806:Election Commission of India 4776:Election Commission of India 4746:Election Commission of India 4716:Election Commission of India 4686:Election Commission of India 4656:Election Commission of India 4626:Election Commission of India 4450:Election Commission of India 3446:Election Commission of India 3180:Election Commission of India 3097: 3042: 2381:5 years, 216 days 2249:2 years, 329 days 1976:2 years, 137 days 1934:2 years, 236 days 1746:2 years, 239 days 1699:2 years, 237 days 1605:2 years, 312 days 1487:non-proliferation treaties. 1369:Premiership of Morarji Desai 1282:Ministry of External Affairs 1198:On the morning of 24 March, 997:1977 Indian general election 662: 554:Indian National Congress (O) 550:Indian National Congress (R) 526:Indian independence movement 460:. Narain defeated Gandhi at 149:Indian National Congress (O) 75:Political party in India 7: 7485:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 6574:(1986–91, 1993–98, 2004–06) 6353:National Secular Conference 6203:Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi 6000:People's Party of Arunachal 5656:State of Emergency in India 5625:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 4406:Ananth, V. Krishna (2010). 4355:. Sage India. p. 243. 4279:Ananth, V. Krishna (2010). 3836:"The Rise of Indira Gandhi" 3460:Dr. Pavithran K.S. (2020). 3303: 2681: Percentage of votes 2466:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 2107:1 year, 176 days 1840:1 year, 301 days 1793:1 year, 250 days 1563:4 years, 36 days 1318:Minister of Law and Justice 781: 743:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 392:victory over Narain in the 10: 7623: 7270:Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore 6138:Ambedkarite Party of India 6025:Rashtriya Loktantrik Party 5985:Nationalist Congress Party 5960:Maharashtra Navnirman Sena 5900:Indian Union Muslim League 5750:Political parties in India 5380:The Emergency of 1975–1977 5303:Cambridge University Press 5004:Cambridge University Press 4568:(in Hindi). 22 June 2023. 4157:G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 4078:G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 4046:G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 4023:Cambridge University Press 3616:(in Hindi). 22 June 2023. 3239:Indian Emergency (1975–77) 2562:Through 1979, support for 2060:2 years, 2 days 1652:2 years, 7 days 1366: 1310:Ministry of Communications 1191: 1115:Summary of the 1977 March 994: 681:, accepted prime minister 666: 615:won the elections for the 519: 26: 7523: 7470: 7425: 7357: 7304: 7195: 7105: 7027: 6751: 6732: 6707: 6641: 6556: 6368:Puratchi Bharatham Katchi 6278:Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik) 6243:Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi 6213:Gondwana Ganatantra Party 6173:Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh 6118: 6090:Voice of the People Party 6030:Revolutionary Goans Party 6020:Rashtriya Lok Samta Party 6005:People's Democratic Front 5880:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 5797: 5756: 5648: 5585:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 5562: 5386: 3912:"Obituary: Morarji Desai" 3208: 3107: 2499:attacked party president 2407: 2380: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2354: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1339:. Significant numbers of 1148: 1064:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 301: 292: 287: 276: 268: 254: 238: 222: 212: 202: 178: 142: 124: 114: 106: 98: 89: 80: 47:This article needs to be 6824:Chandrakant Bacchu Patil 6463:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam 6313:Kerala Congress (Thomas) 6065:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha 5865:Communist Party of India 5784:Indian National Congress 5635:Socialist Party of India 5605:Indian National Congress 5152:Sinha, Yashwant (2019). 4221:. Abhinav Publications. 4109:. Regency Publications. 3977:Katherine Frank (2002). 3943:Katherine Frank (2002). 3868:Katherine Frank (2002). 2654:General election results 2615:, Janata Party declared 2040:Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha 1077:. The Hindu nationalist 932:Samyukta Socialist Party 872:Chief Minister of Orissa 809:Socialist Party of India 751:Communist Party of India 562:Samyukta Socialist Party 534:Indian National Congress 530:Indian National Congress 454:Indian National Congress 364:Indian National Congress 27:Not to be confused with 7500:Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh 7182:Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo 7029:Current chief ministers 6994:Tamilisai Soundararajan 6964:Biswabhusan Harichandan 6914:Bhairon Singh Shekhawat 6834:Jamyang Tsering Namgyal 6752:Other prominent leaders 6642:Current vice presidents 6503:Vikassheel Insaan Party 6498:Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi 6308:Kerala Congress (Jacob) 6183:Communist Marxist Party 6110:Zoram People's Movement 6105:Zoram Nationalist Party 6080:United Democratic Party 6060:Sikkim Democratic Front 5895:Indian National Lok Dal 5860:Bodoland People's Front 5825:All India N.R. Congress 5789:National People's Party 5444:Harchand Singh Longowal 4541:Business Standard India 4351:Brass, Paul R. (2014). 4254:Shashi Tharoor (2006). 3141:Vishwanath Pratap Singh 1726:Bhairon Singh Shekhawat 1508:List of Chief Ministers 1461:Sino-Indian War of 1962 1427:Satyendra Narayan Sinha 1405:Elections in the states 723:Satyendra Narayan Sinha 631:Socialist Party (India) 430:Satyendra Narayan Sinha 394:Rae Bareli constituency 240:Political position 7510:Swadeshi Jagaran Manch 7225:Syed Shahnawaz Hussain 7198:national spokespersons 7109:deputy chief ministers 6959:Hriday Narayan Dikshit 6734:Deputy prime ministers 6550:Bharatiya Janata Party 6508:Welfare Party of India 6493:Uttarakhand Kranti Dal 6478:Telangana Jana Samithi 6453:Swatantra Bharat Paksh 6393:Rashtriya Samaj Paksha 6248:Indian National League 6233:Hindustani Awam Morcha 6218:Gorkha Janmukti Morcha 6178:Bharatiya Tribal Party 5945:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 5850:Bharat Rashtra Samithi 5815:All India Forward Bloc 5774:Bharatiya Janata Party 5544:Siddhartha Shankar Ray 4998:Paul R. Brass (1994). 4017:Paul R. Brass (1994). 3409:. Taylor and Francis. 3315:Congress for Democracy 3310:Janata Party (Secular) 3220:Bharatiya Janata Party 2613:1980 general elections 2535:. On 24 January 1979, 2459:Fall of the government 2276:Jogendra Nath Hazarika 1399:1971 Nagarwala scandal 1359: 1194:Morarji Desai Ministry 1171:Congress for Democracy 956:Congress for Democracy 890:Congress for Democracy 868:Congress for Democracy 848: 502: 477:Chaudhary Charan Singh 190:Janata Party (Secular) 185:Bharatiya Janata Party 169:Congress for Democracy 130:; 47 years ago 72:Indian political party 29:Bharatiya Janata Party 7587:The Emergency (India) 7515:Vishva Hindu Parishad 7505:Bharatiya Kisan Sangh 7472:Related organisations 7330:Dushyant Kumar Gautam 7258:Gopal Krishna Agarwal 6949:Trivendra Singh Rawat 6934:Bhagat Singh Koshyari 6884:D. V. Sadananda Gowda 6373:Puthiya Needhi Katchi 6363:Pattali Makkal Katchi 6328:Loktantrik Janata Dal 6228:Hindustan Janta Party 6193:Democratic Azad Party 5399:Basawon Singh (Sinha) 4869:www.outlookindia.com/ 3728:Mitra, H. N. (1994). 3463:The Janata Interludes 3188:1989 general election 2545:Deputy Prime Minister 1867:Kailash Chandra Joshi 1465:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1357: 1330:presidential election 1210:, where the ashes of 1164:Popular vote %: 1144:Popular votes % 927:Praja Socialist Party 840: 759:Constitution of India 673:On 25 June 1975, the 669:The Emergency (India) 498: 368:1977 general election 7490:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 7360:national secretaries 7340:Kailash Vijayvargiya 7240:Rajeev Chandrasekhar 7137:Keshav Prasad Maurya 6717:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 6566:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 6388:Rashtriya Lok Morcha 6273:Jannayak Janta Party 6010:Rashtriya Janata Dal 5935:Jannayak Janta Party 5925:Janata Dal (Secular) 5688:Baroda dynamite case 5570:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 5519:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 5429:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 5394:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 3677:www.navodayatimes.in 3529:. 18 December 2021. 3247:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 3232:Rashtriya Janata Dal 3228:Janata Dal (Secular) 2596:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 2577:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 2505:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 2474:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 2470:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 1998:Radhika Ranjan Gupta 1456:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1451:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1429:to become the Bihar 1379:Baroda dynamite case 1326:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 1302:Ministry of Railways 1274:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1188:Government formation 1071:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 946:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 912:Bharatiya Kranti Dal 821:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 735:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 679:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 639:Allahabad High Court 566:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 464:in those elections. 446:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 418:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 386:Allahabad High Court 233:Economic nationalism 218:Janata Mahila Morcha 164:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 128:23 January 1977 7556:Rajya Sabha members 7307:general secretaries 7261:Iqbal Singh Lalpura 7097:Pushkar Singh Dhami 7057:Bhupendrabhai Patel 7042:Himanta Biswa Sarma 7019:Himanta Biswa Sarma 6954:Gulab Chand Kataria 6799:Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi 6794:Ravi Shankar Prasad 6578:Murli Manohar Joshi 6338:Makkal Needhi Maiam 6168:Bahujan Mukti Party 6148:Gana Suraksha Party 6045:Shiromani Akali Dal 5980:Naga People's Front 5975:Naam Tamilar Katchi 5970:Mizo National Front 5950:Kerala Congress (M) 5930:Janata Dal (United) 5840:Apna Dal (Soneylal) 5769:Bahujan Samaj Party 5630:Shiromani Akali Dal 5474:Jayaprakash Narayan 5098:. 31 January 1989. 5065:. 4 February 2004. 4537:"Subramanian Swamy" 4383:. 23 January 2022. 4196:on 15 December 2008 3840:Library of Congress 3775:Library of Congress 3555:. 14 January 2022. 3224:Janata Dal (United) 2585:Jayaprakash Narayan 2541:Minister of Finance 2507:. On 16 June 1978, 1547:Prem Khandu Thungan 1304:and trade unionist 1230:Jayaprakash Narayan 1200:Jayaprakash Narayan 1050:, the party of the 1048:Shiromani Akali Dal 1008:Jayaprakash Narayan 901:Constituent Parties 789:Jayaprakash Narayan 727:Vijaya Raje Scindia 703:Jayaprakash Narayan 585:Jayaprakash Narayan 402:Jayaprakash Narayan 119:Jayaprakash Narayan 7072:Mohan Charan Majhi 6989:Banwarilal Purohit 6969:Bandaru Dattatreya 6819:Sarbananda Sonowal 6769:Nirmala Sitharaman 6764:Bhavurao Deshpande 6697:A. P. Abdullakutty 6596:Jana Krishnamurthi 6223:Hamro Sikkim Party 6188:Congress (Secular) 6070:Telugu Desam Party 5845:Asom Gana Parishad 5499:M. G. Ramachandran 5479:Jivatram Kripalani 5006:. pp. 84–86. 4480:www.pmindia.gov.in 4326:The Indian Express 4190:The Indian Express 4159:320 Million Judges 4080:320 Million Judges 4048:320 Million Judges 4025:. pp. 40–50. 3255:Lal Krishna Advani 3103:Nellai R. Jebamani 2478:Lal Krishna Advani 2229:Bhajan Lal Bishnoi 1560:18 September 1979 1554:Arunachal Pradesh 1419:M. G. Ramachandran 1360: 1294:Minister of Health 1278:Lal Krishna Advani 1234:Jivatram Kripalani 1204:Jivatram Kripalani 1012:Jivatram Kripalani 833:Lal Krishna Advani 739:Lal Krishna Advani 707:Jivatram Kripalani 675:president of India 657:civil disobedience 629:, a leader of the 576:against Pakistan. 503: 398:Jivatram Kripalani 208:Janata Yuva Morcha 110:Navneet Chaturvedi 7564: 7563: 7546:Electoral history 7541:Integral humanism 7536:Hindu nationalism 7445:BJP Mahila Morcha 7403:Om Prakash Dhurve 7275:Aparajita Sarangi 7230:Rajiv Pratap Rudy 7220:Sudhanshu Trivedi 7177:Prem Chand Bairwa 7147:Vijay Kumar Sinha 7122:Devendra Fadnavis 7077:Bhajan Lal Sharma 7062:Nayab Singh Saini 7009:B. S. Yediyurappa 6919:Ram Prakash Gupta 6909:Devendra Fadnavis 6869:Prem Kumar Dhumal 6844:Sahib Singh Verma 6839:Madan Lal Khurana 6804:Sushil Kumar Modi 6719:(1996; 1998–2004) 6659:Radha Mohan Singh 6516: 6515: 6448:Swabhimani Paksha 6378:Puthiya Tamilagam 6075:Tipra Motha Party 5885:Goa Forward Party 5716: 5715: 5590:Dravidar Kazhagam 5575:Bharatiya Lok Dal 5549:Subramanian Swamy 5469:Jagmohanlal Sinha 5163:978-93-86950-35-2 5013:978-0-521-45970-9 4419:978-81-317-3465-0 4362:978-93-5150-032-2 4292:978-81-317-3465-0 4265:978-1-55970-803-6 4228:978-81-7017-061-7 4032:978-0-521-45970-9 3994:978-0-395-73097-3 3960:978-0-395-73097-3 3885:978-0-395-73097-3 3842:Country Studies. 3777:Country Studies. 3741:978-81-212-0213-8 3705:. 21 March 2022. 3358:978-1-55970-803-6 3278:Subramanian Swamy 3259:Subramanian Swamy 3164:Subramanian Swamy 3077:Secretary General 3035: 3034: 2641:Subramanian Swamy 2573:Bharatiya Lok Dal 2551:was shifted from 2549:Hirubhai M. Patel 2456: 2455: 2361:Ramakrishna Hegde 2336:17 February 1980 2307: 2293:11 December 1979 2290:9 September 1979 2260: 2213: 2199:17 February 1980 2166: 2152:17 February 1980 2149:28 February 1979 2118: 2104:4 September 1979 2029: 1987: 1973:13 November 1979 1945: 1931:17 February 1980 1851: 1804: 1790:28 February 1979 1757: 1743:16 February 1980 1710: 1696:14 February 1980 1663: 1616: 1602:17 February 1980 1574: 1551:Dirang Kalaktang 1435:Jammu and Kashmir 1391:Maruti Udyog Ltd. 1185: 1184: 1100:", especially in 1068:Hindu nationalist 907:Bharatiya Lok Dal 829:Ramakrishna Hegde 801:Bharatiya Lok Dal 651:, calling for a " 623:on 11 June 1975. 589:Acharya Kripalani 458:Indian Parliament 450:Bharatiya Lok Dal 324: 323: 311:Political parties 306:Politics of India 179:Succeeded by 154:Bharatiya Lok Dal 68: 67: 16:(Redirected from 7614: 7460:State Presidents 7248:Syed Zafar Islam 7142:Samrat Chaudhary 7127:Yanthungo Patton 6944:Ramesh Pokhriyal 6894:Sunder Lal Patwa 6889:Jagadish Shettar 6854:Manohar Parrikar 6814:Suvendu Adhikari 6584:Kushabhau Thakre 6558:Party presidents 6543: 6536: 6529: 6520: 6519: 6323:Lok Insaaf Party 5757:National parties 5743: 5736: 5729: 5720: 5719: 5529:Pranab Mukherjee 5434:George Fernandes 5409:C. Achutha Menon 5378: 5377: 5366: 5359: 5352: 5343: 5342: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5088: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5024: 5018: 5017: 4995: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4861: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4182: 4173: 4172: 4154: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4123: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4075: 4062: 4061: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4014: 3999: 3998: 3974: 3965: 3964: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3907: 3890: 3889: 3865: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3832: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3639: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3523: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3457: 3451: 3450: 3449:. 10 March 2014. 3442: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3383: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3341: 3176:Sarojini Mahishi 3172:H. D. Deve Gowda 3168:Syed Shahabuddin 3157:Delhi High Court 3059:H. D. Deve Gowda 3028: 3027: 3017: 3016: 3009: 2985: 2984: 2974: 2973: 2966: 2942: 2941: 2931: 2930: 2923: 2899: 2898: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2856: 2855: 2845: 2844: 2837: 2813: 2812: 2802: 2801: 2794: 2770: 2769: 2759: 2758: 2751: 2727: 2726: 2716: 2715: 2708: 2678:Change in seats 2672:Seats contested 2663: 2662: 2623:Party Presidents 2553:Finance ministry 2428: 2416: 2392: 2375:10 January 1983 2350: 2333:20 January 1980 2301: 2272: 2254: 2225: 2207: 2178: 2160: 2131: 2112: 2083: 2071: 2057:20 January 1980 2054:18 January 1978 2023: 2015:4 November 1977 1981: 1939: 1914:Nilamani Routray 1910: 1898: 1884:18 January 1978 1863: 1845: 1816: 1798: 1773:Ram Naresh Yadav 1769: 1751: 1722: 1704: 1689:Himachal Pradesh 1675: 1657: 1628: 1610: 1568: 1512: 1511: 1383:George Fernandes 1306:George Fernandes 1300:was to head the 1242:George Fernandes 1129: 1128: 1120:election results 981:Chandrajit Yadav 875:Nandini Satpathy 817:George Fernandes 711:Anantram Jaiswal 581:President's rule 544:. Supporters of 542:Jawaharlal Nehru 510:Thakur Ji Pathak 506:Thakur Ji Pathak 500:Thakur Ji Pathak 434:Ramnandan Mishra 406:Anantram Jaiswal 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 297: 263: 260: 172:(After Creation) 138: 136: 131: 94: 78: 77: 63: 60: 54: 42: 41: 34: 21: 7622: 7621: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7560: 7519: 7466: 7427:Political wings 7421: 7415:Vijaya Rahatkar 7377:Bishweswar Tudu 7359: 7353: 7319:Bhupender Yadav 7306: 7300: 7288:Mmhonlumo Kikon 7197: 7191: 7162:Rajendra Shukla 7108: 7101: 7087:Yogi Adityanath 7023: 7014:Yogi Adityanath 6929:Nityanand Swami 6874:Babulal Marandi 6859:Keshubhai Patel 6784:Anandiben Patel 6747: 6728: 6709:Prime ministers 6703: 6664:Baijayant Panda 6654:Vasundhara Raje 6637: 6552: 6547: 6517: 6512: 6288:Jharkhand Party 6283:Jebamani Janata 6208:Goa Vikas Party 6120: 6114: 6040:Samajwadi Party 5920:Jana Sena Party 5855:Biju Janata Dal 5793: 5764:Aam Aadmi Party 5752: 5747: 5717: 5712: 5693:Shah Commission 5644: 5640:Swatantra Party 5558: 5439:Hans Raj Khanna 5424:Devakanta Barua 5419:Chandra Shekhar 5382: 5372: 5370: 5333: 5328: 5327: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5175: 5171: 5164: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5119: 5115: 5105: 5103: 5092:"Blundering On" 5090: 5089: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5025: 5021: 5014: 4996: 4981: 4971: 4969: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4863: 4862: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4815: 4813: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4725: 4723: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4598:. 7 June 2023. 4590: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4420: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4381:Hindustan Times 4375: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4328:. 22 May 2022. 4320: 4319: 4312: 4302: 4300: 4293: 4277: 4273: 4266: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4229: 4213: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4184: 4183: 4176: 4169: 4155: 4134: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4076: 4065: 4058: 4044: 4040: 4033: 4015: 4002: 3995: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3917:The Independent 3908: 3893: 3886: 3866: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3834: 3833: 3794: 3784: 3782: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3751: 3749: 3742: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3679:. 3 June 2023. 3671: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3647:Navbharat Times 3641: 3640: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3525: 3524: 3517: 3507: 3505: 3492: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3458: 3454: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3403:(20 May 2019). 3398: 3394: 3381: 3379: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3323: 3321:Further reading 3306: 3243:Chandra Shekhar 3216:Biju Janata Dal 3211: 3203: 3200:chakra-haldhar. 3110: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3079: 3053:Veerendra Patil 3050: 3045: 3040: 3010: 3007: 2967: 2964: 2924: 2921: 2881: 2878: 2838: 2835: 2795: 2792: 2752: 2749: 2709: 2706: 2661: 2659:Lok Sabha seats 2656: 2629:Chandra Shekhar 2625: 2501:Chandra Shekhar 2461: 2446:13 August 1988 2410: 2409: 2405:13 August 1988 2386: 2385: 2344: 2343: 2319:Sunderlal Patwa 2253: 2206: 2159: 2065: 2064: 2022: 1980: 1956:Yangmaso Shaiza 1938: 1892: 1891: 1844: 1820:Karpoori Thakur 1797: 1750: 1703: 1656: 1609: 1567: 1557:13 August 1975 1530:Term of office 1510: 1493: 1491:Economic policy 1447: 1439:Sheikh Abdullah 1407: 1371: 1365: 1298:Madhu Dandavate 1196: 1190: 1169:Janata Party / 1162: 1157: 1152: 1150:Janata alliance 1123: 1006:, during which 999: 993: 965:Chandra Shekhar 922:Socialist Party 917:Swatantra Party 903: 825:Chandra Shekhar 805:Swatantra Party 784: 671: 665: 524:Having led the 522: 493: 410:Chandra Shekhar 347: 344: 341: 338: 320: 288:Election symbol 261: 258: 231: 171: 159:Socialist Party 134: 132: 129: 85: 84: 76: 73: 64: 58: 55: 52: 43: 39: 32: 23: 22: 18:Janata alliance 15: 12: 11: 5: 7620: 7610: 7609: 7607:Janata Parivar 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7527: 7525: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7476: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7463: 7462: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7431: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7416: 7413: 7412:Narendra Singh 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7393:Harish Dwivedi 7390: 7387: 7382: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7363: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7347:(Organisation) 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7326:(Organisation) 7324:B. L. Santhosh 7321: 7316: 7310: 7308: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7259: 7256: 7253: 7250: 7245: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7201: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7187:Pravati Parida 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7132:Brajesh Pathak 7129: 7124: 7119: 7113: 7111: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7082:N. Biren Singh 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7047:Vishnu Deo Sai 7044: 7039: 7033: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6974:Draupadi Murmu 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6939:B. C. Khanduri 6936: 6931: 6926: 6924:Jagdambika Pal 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6738: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6726: 6725:(2014–present) 6720: 6713: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6694: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6634:(2020–present) 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6602:Venkaiah Naidu 6599: 6593: 6590:Bangaru Laxman 6587: 6581: 6575: 6569: 6562: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6546: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6523: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6124: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5753: 5746: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5723: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5678:42nd Amendment 5675: 5673:39th Amendment 5670: 5668:38th Amendment 5665: 5658: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5566: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5504:M. Karunanidhi 5501: 5496: 5491: 5489:K. Karunakaran 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5449:H. N. Bahuguna 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5384: 5383: 5369: 5368: 5361: 5354: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5332: 5331:External links 5329: 5326: 5325: 5311: 5287: 5261: 5230: 5213:Indian Express 5200: 5183:Indian Express 5169: 5162: 5144: 5113: 5080: 5050: 5019: 5012: 4979: 4948: 4917: 4886: 4853: 4823: 4793: 4763: 4733: 4703: 4673: 4643: 4613: 4583: 4553: 4528: 4497: 4467: 4437: 4418: 4398: 4368: 4361: 4343: 4310: 4291: 4271: 4264: 4246: 4227: 4207: 4174: 4167: 4132: 4115: 4095: 4088: 4063: 4056: 4038: 4031: 4000: 3993: 3966: 3959: 3935: 3891: 3884: 3857: 3792: 3771:"The Congress" 3762: 3740: 3720: 3694: 3664: 3631: 3601: 3570: 3544: 3515: 3486: 3472: 3452: 3429: 3415: 3392: 3364: 3357: 3345:Shashi Tharoor 3335: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3302: 3286:Andhra Pradesh 3267:Pramod Mahajan 3210: 3207: 3184:chakra–haldhar 3153:Bofors scandal 3145:National Front 3129:Chandra Sekhar 3109: 3106: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3078: 3075: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3022: 3019: 3011: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999:13th Lok Sabha 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2979: 2976: 2968: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956:12th Lok Sabha 2953: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2936: 2933: 2925: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913:11th Lok Sabha 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2893: 2890: 2882: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870:10th Lok Sabha 2867: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2850: 2847: 2839: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2807: 2804: 2796: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2764: 2761: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2721: 2718: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2624: 2621: 2495:In June 1978, 2460: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2452:281 days 2450: 2449:21 April 1989 2447: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2329:Madhya Pradesh 2326: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2309: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2257:1977 elections 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2203: 2202:302 days 2200: 2197: 2196:21 April 1979 2194: 2189: 2184: 2182:Ram Sundar Das 2179: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2156: 2155:354 days 2153: 2150: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2101:12 March 1978 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2050:Madhya Pradesh 2047: 2042: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2019: 2018:101 days 2016: 2013: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1888: 1887:208 days 1885: 1882: 1879: 1877:Madhya Pradesh 1874: 1869: 1864: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1841: 1838: 1837:21 April 1979 1835: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1780: 1778:Nidhauli Kalan 1775: 1770: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1716: 1712: 1711: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1599:11 April 1977 1597: 1592: 1587: 1585:Babubhai Patel 1582: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1533:Tenure length 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1509: 1506: 1492: 1489: 1446: 1445:Foreign policy 1443: 1431:Chief Minister 1423:Karpuri Thakur 1406: 1403: 1367:Main article: 1364: 1361: 1316:was appointed 1314:Shanti Bhushan 1292:was appointed 1212:Mahatma Gandhi 1189: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1167: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 995:Main article: 992: 991:1977 elections 989: 988: 987: 958: 953: 948: 943: 942: 941: 939:Utkal Congress 936: 935: 934: 929: 919: 914: 902: 899: 783: 780: 745:(RSS) and the 667:Main article: 664: 661: 605:People's Front 521: 518: 492: 491:National units 489: 470:Prime Minister 345:People's Party 322: 321: 319: 318: 313: 308: 302: 299: 298: 290: 289: 285: 284: 281: 274: 273: 270: 266: 265: 256: 252: 251: 242: 236: 235: 226: 220: 219: 216: 210: 209: 206: 200: 199: 198: 197: 192: 187: 180: 176: 175: 174: 173: 166: 161: 156: 151: 144: 143:Merger of 140: 139: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 87: 86: 82: 81: 74: 71: 66: 65: 46: 44: 37: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7619: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7526: 7522: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7424: 7417: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7398:Pankaja Munde 7396: 7394: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7385:Sunil Deodhar 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7356: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7303: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7260: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244:Gaurav Bhatia 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7210:Sanjay Mayukh 7208: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7194: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7167:Jagdish Devda 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7104: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7052:Pramod Sawant 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7026: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7004:Suresh Prabhu 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6984:Kalraj Mishra 6982: 6980: 6979:Vajubhai Vala 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6849:Sushma Swaraj 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6731: 6724: 6723:Narendra Modi 6721: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6706: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6684:Bharti Shiyal 6682: 6680: 6679:Annpurna Devi 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6633: 6630: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6620:Rajnath Singh 6618: 6615: 6614:Nitin Gadkari 6612: 6609: 6608:Rajnath Singh 6606: 6603: 6600: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6579: 6576: 6573: 6570: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6539: 6537: 6532: 6530: 6525: 6524: 6521: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6238:Ikkjutt Jammu 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6117: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798:State parties 5796: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5732: 5730: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5610:Janata Morcha 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563:Organisations 5561: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5539:Sanjay Gandhi 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5514:Narendra Modi 5512: 5510: 5509:Morarji Desai 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5454:Indira Gandhi 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387:Personalities 5385: 5381: 5376: 5367: 5362: 5360: 5355: 5353: 5348: 5347: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5314: 5312:9781316539002 5308: 5304: 5300: 5299: 5291: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5188: 5185:. p. 9. 5184: 5180: 5173: 5165: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5117: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5023: 5015: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4952: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4921: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4890: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4858: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4647: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4501: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4315: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4275: 4267: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4211: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4170: 4168:81-7017-061-3 4164: 4160: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4129: 4118: 4116:9788186030165 4112: 4108: 4107: 4099: 4091: 4089:81-7017-061-3 4085: 4081: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4059: 4057:81-7017-061-3 4053: 4049: 4042: 4034: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 3996: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3973: 3971: 3962: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3939: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3913: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3887: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3864: 3862: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3759: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3724: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3520: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3490: 3475: 3473:9789389620184 3469: 3465: 3464: 3456: 3448: 3447: 3439: 3433: 3418: 3416:9780429722776 3412: 3408: 3407: 3402: 3401:Gould, Harold 3396: 3389: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3360: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3336: 3325: 3324: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3284:, Karnataka, 3283: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3271:Sushma Swaraj 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3105: 3104: 3088:Uttar Pradesh 3085: 3083: 3082:Jeevaraj Alva 3074: 3072: 3071:M. P. Prakash 3068: 3066: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3054: 3031: 3023: 3020: 3012: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2980: 2977: 2969: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2937: 2934: 2926: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2902: 2894: 2891: 2883: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2851: 2848: 2840: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2827:9th Lok Sabha 2825: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2808: 2805: 2797: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2784:8th Lok Sabha 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2765: 2762: 2754: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2741:7th Lok Sabha 2739: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2730: 2722: 2719: 2711: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2698:6th Lok Sabha 2696: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2564:Morarji Desai 2560: 2558: 2557:Home Ministry 2554: 2550: 2546: 2543:and becoming 2542: 2538: 2534: 2533:Indira Gandhi 2530: 2529:Morarji Desai 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2413:1985 election 2404: 2402:8 March 1985 2401: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2389:1983 election 2383: 2378:7 March 1985 2377: 2374: 2372: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2353: 2348: 2347:1977 election 2341: 2339:28 days 2338: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2304:1978 election 2298: 2296:93 days 2295: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2243:28 June 1979 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2210:1977 election 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2163:1977 election 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2145:Uttar Pradesh 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2115:1978 election 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2087:Golap Borbora 2085: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2068:1977 election 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2027: 2026:1972 election 2020: 2017: 2014: 2012:26 July 1977 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1985: 1984:1974 election 1978: 1975: 1972: 1970:29 June 1977 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1943: 1942:1977 election 1936: 1933: 1930: 1928:26 June 1977 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1896: 1895:1977 election 1889: 1886: 1883: 1881:24 June 1977 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1848:1977 election 1842: 1839: 1836: 1834:24 June 1977 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1801:1977 election 1795: 1792: 1789: 1787:23 June 1977 1786: 1784: 1783:Uttar Pradesh 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1754:1977 election 1748: 1745: 1742: 1740:22 June 1977 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1707:1977 election 1701: 1698: 1695: 1693:22 June 1977 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1660:1977 election 1654: 1651: 1649:28 June 1979 1648: 1646:21 June 1977 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1613:1975 election 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1571:1978 election 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1524:Constituency 1513: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1476:non-alignment 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387:Sanjay Gandhi 1384: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1308:was made the 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1238:Morarji 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